U-5JH Cornell University Library HD 9623.U5D4 Descriptions of occupations: glass. 3 1924 014 494 227 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014494227 i>tate GfolUge af Agriculture Kt Darnell Mninerattg Jtljara. 2J. 1. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. B. WILSON, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS GLASS m •"?« 'v ' ■«'"> WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 INDEX. A. Page. Acid painter 11 Acid polisher. (See Glass worker, general.) B. Back ladler. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Ball boy. (See Core boy — under Glass worker, general.) Ball maker. (See Gatherer.) Batch mixer 11 Block boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Blocker. (See Gatherer.) Blocker — hand polishing. (See Glass worker, general.) Block fixer. (See Block boy — under Glass worker, general.) Block maker J 11 Blower, bottles, etc., hand 11 Blower, bottles, etc., machine. (See Machine operator, bottles and hollow ware.) Blower, window glass, hand 11 Blower, window glass, machine. (See Machine operator, win- dow glass.) Box carrier. (See Laborer, glass factory.) C. Capper , 11 Car loader. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Carrier. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Carrier in. (See Glass worker, general.) Carrier over. (See Glass worker, general.) Caster .j.'J.-: 11 Chipper. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Chipper off (See Glass worker, general.) Clay treader. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Cleaner. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Cleaner off. (See Glass worker, general.) Cleaning off boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Coal man. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Core boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Core gatherer. (/See Gatherer.) Cracker off. (See Glass worker, general.) Cracker open. (See Splitter.) ' " Craneman 12 .Crane operator, traveling electric crane 12 Crimper. - 12 Cullet washer. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Cutter 12 Cutter, decorative- 12 Cutter off. (See Cracker off — under Glass worker, general.) Cutter, rough plate ._• --- -- --, 12 (3) 4 D. Page. Decorator. 13 Diesinker for die-casting dies 13 E. Emery grader 13 Emery room helper. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Engraver, decorative 13 Engraver, mold 13 Etcher 13 F. Filler. (See Furnace charger.) Filler in. (See Furnace charger.) Fine sand man. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Finisher 13 Finisher, grinding. (See Grinder, plate glass.) Finisher, melting. (See Melter.) Finisher, polishing. (See Polisher.) Fire polisher 13 Fitter up. (See Glass worker, general.) Flattener 14 Floor boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Foot caster . 14 Foot finisher 14 Foot gatherer. (See Gatherer.) Furnace charger 14 Furnace cleaner. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Furnace man 14 G. Gas maker 14 Gas producer. (See Gas maker.) Gatherer 14 Gauger 15 Glass carrier. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Glass worker, general 15 Glazer 16 Glory hole tender. (See Glass worker, general.) Grinder, first. (See Glass worker, general.) Grinder, plate glass .. 16 Grinder, second. (See Laborer, glass factory.) H. Handler . . 16 Hook man . . . . 16 I. Inspector 16 K. Kiln man. (See Leer man.) Knocker off. (See Cleaner off — under Glass worker, general.) !»• Page. Laborer, glass factory 16 Ladler . 16 Layer 17 Leer fireman. (See Leer man.) Leer man 17 Leer man, decorative . 17 Leer tender. (See Leer man.) Lipper 17 M. Machine blower. (See Machine operator.) Machine boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Machine feeder. (See Machine operator.) ,Itfachine gatherer. (See Machine operator.) Machine operator, bottles and hollow ware 1" Machine operator, window glass, 17 Matcher. .. ... 17 Material unloader. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Melter 18 Mill man. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Mold boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Mold cleaner. (See Glass worker, general.) Mold maker. (See Diesinker for die-casting dies.) Mold repairer. (See Diesinker for die-casting dies.) Mud up man. (See Laborer, glass factory.) O. Opener. (See Splitter.) Over teemer. (See Laborer, glass factory.) P. Packer 18 Painter. (See Decorator.) Pan handler. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Pan man. (See Skimmer.) Plaster man. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Polisher, plate glass.. . 18 Polisher, tableware 18 Pot maker . 18 Pot tender. (See Pot turner.) Pot turner 18 Pot wagon man. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Presser. 18 Printer ^ 19 Print transferrer. (See Glass worker, general.) Producer labor. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Producer man. (See Gas maker.) R. i Ring man „. 19 Rolfboy. (See Glass worker, general.) Roller boy. (See Glass worker, general.) 6 Page. Rouge burner 19 Rouge wheeler. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Rougher. (See Smoother.) S. Sand blaster 19 Selector. (See Glass worker, general.) Servitor. (See Gatherer.) Setter up. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Shearer. (See Furnace charger.) Shipping labor. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Shove boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Side lever pressman. (See Presser.) Skim cutter. (See Skimmer.) Skimmer 19 Smoother 19 Snapper. (See Capper.) Snapper up. (See Glass worker, general.) Sorter. (See Selector — under Glass worker, general.) Spare boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Splitter 19 Sprayer. (See Decorator.) Sticker up. (See Snapper up — under Glass worker, general.) Stopper grinder 19 Stopper presser. (See Presser.) Stripper 19 T. Table helper. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Table man. (See Caster.) Taker down 20 Taker off. (See Glass worker, general.) Teaser 20 Teemer... 20 Tier on. (See Glass worker, general.) Tong man 20 Transfer boy. (See Machine boy — under Glass worker, general. ) Trucker. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Tuile man 20 Turner out. (See Machine boy — under Glass worker, general.) U. Unloader. (See Laborer, glass factory.) W. Warehouse labor. (See Laborer, glass factory.) Warming in boy. (See Glass worker, general.) Washer. (See Glass worker, general.) Wrapper. (See Glass worker, general.) Y. Yard man. (See Laborer, glass factory.) CODE WORDS. CoCe word. Page. AnnflT 11 Arden . 15 Batch 11 Battle 15 Bazaar 15 Blow 11 Brawn 11 Brisk 11 Cadency 15 Calcine 15 Calcite 15 Calcium 15 Calculus 15 Caldron T5 Calendar 15 Cheer 12 Chess 12 Chorus 11 Cipher 11 Circle 12 Citron.. . 12 Citrus, 12 Clamor 12 Dean 13 Divan 13 Embark 13 Empire - 13 Employ 13 Encase 13 Fabric 13 Facade 13 Facial.. .. 14 Code word. Facing. Factor. Fairly . Falcon . Faulty Fellow. Gnu... Gold.. Golf... Gong.. Gouge . Grain . Grand _ Grind. Heron . High.- Impair . Lobe . . Loft.. Logic _ . Loin . . Long.. Look.. More. _ Mound Mouse. Mower. Mucus . Muddy Mull.. Pacific . (7) 14 14 14 14 15 15 14 15 14 15 16 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 16 17 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 15 15 15 18 Code word. Pag. Package . . Packet . . . Packing. . Packman . Padlock. . Paging. . Palaver .. Rinse Riser Rock Rodeo Stony Stool Stoop Storm. ._ Story Stout Strap Straw Strip Study. .- Tabard,- _ Tablet... Talcum . . Talion... Talent... Taster . . . Tenant.. Wick Wide... Wield.. . 18 18 18 18 18 19 15 19 19 15 15 15 15 19 19 15 19 15 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS: GLASS. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT. These descriptions of occupations are based on investigations, including private interviews and correspondence, extending over practically the entire eastern part of the United States. The outstanding fact developed by these investigations is that there are few standard or generally accepted occupational names or definitions. It has been necessary, therefore, for the Bureau of Labor Statistics to define certain occupational terms and classifications and to assume the acceptance of these definitions by those using the descriptions. The Bureau is fully aware of the fact that some impor- tant occupations have probably been omitted and that in some cases subdivisions may have been carried too far. These faults can be cor- rected only by means of suggestions and criticisms arising from the use of the descriptions in filling positions. The users of these descriptions are urged to send to the Bureau of Labor Statistics all suggestions and criticisms as they arise, so that eventually there may be developed a national standard of occupational descriptions. Acknowledgment. The Bureau of Labor Statistics wishes to thank all those who have contributed to the compilation of these descriptions. So many individuals and representatives of various organizations have been consulted that it is impossible to make special mention of such services. 174478°— 2 21 (9) PREFATORY STATEMENT. IMPORTANT. The objects of these descriptions are to furnish definitions of the various occu- pations, so that specifications foi help may he made uniform, and to furnish a means by which the prospective employee may be informed as to the nature of the work he will be expected to do. Each occupation has been described under the most generally accepted title. The descriptions have been carefully prepared with the view of stating clearly and briefly what each occupation requires in the way of performance and qualifications, so that a foreman or employment manager can readily specify the help wanted and can pick the worker best fitted to fill the position. Without such standard definitions advertisements and appeals from the various Government departments or from a central employment agency would lose their effec- tiveness, especially when the recruiting is Nation wide. The statement of actual requirements under the heading "schooling" does not have reference to those already working, but should be interpreted to mean that no one should enter the specified position at the present time without having the equivalent of the stated schooling. "Common school" signifies the completion of the common school course. Directions for Using Descriptions and Code Words. INDEX : In order to find any given occupational description use the index. CODE WORDS: Each description has a code word which, when communicated to any person who has access to these descriptions of occupations, will enable him to ascertain exactly what is called for by referring to the description indicated by the code word. (See Code words.) If an employee is wanted who has training sufficient to do work in any two or more occupations described, the code words of these descriptions should be com- bined to indicate the combination of qualifications; for example: The code word des- ignating a BLOWER, BOTTLES, ETC., HAND, and a MACHINE OPEEATOR, BOTTLES AND HOLLOW WARE (see pages 11 and 17), would be BLOW— MOUND. (10) DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS. ACID PAINTER. ANNEX. Description : Applies an acid-resisting paint or mat design to the ware to produce frosted designs. Qualifications : Must be able to arrange the articles in the baskets for painting and know the proper length of time to leave them in the acid bath. Must be quick and active, use care in dipping, have good health, and be able to with- stand the acid fumes. Girls over 16 years are usually employed. Schooling: Common school. BATCH MIXER. BATCH. Description: Weighs the raw materials used in the manufacture of glass and mixes them, either by hand or with a mixing machine. Qualifications : A knowledge of weights and measures and ability to carry out the formula of the plant. Must be able to mix the ingredients properly and to feed the mixture into the pots for melting. Schooling: Common school. BLOCK MAKER. BRAWN. Description: Prepares and covers wooden blocks with felt, for grinding and polishing the plate of glass. Qualifications: A thorough knowledge of the use of the ordinary woodworking tools. Schooling: Common school. BLOWER, BOTTLES, ETC., HAND. BLOW. Description: Blows the hot "gob" of glass, gathered on the end of the blow iron, into the desired shape either with or without the aid of a mold. Qualifications: Ability to manipulate the blow iron so as to form the various types of bottles or other articles, to use the pontil, shears, and pincers, and to gather glass from the furnace. Must be quick and active and have good lungs. Schooling: Common school. BLOWER, WINDOW GLASS, HAND. BRISK. Description: Blows the hot "gob" of glass, gathered on the end of the blow iron, into a large ball, swinging the blow iron until the ball has been elongated, and separates the glass from the iron. Qualifications : Ability to gather glass, rapid action, good lungs, and a combina- tion of good judgment and intuition. Must have served an apprenticeship. Schooling: Common school. CAPPER. CHORUS. Description: Separates the cylinder of machine-blown glass from the blowing ring, cracking it into proper lengths by the use of an electric cutting wire or by applying alternately heat and cold. Qualifications: Some knowledge of the electrical apparatus used for cracking the cylinders of glass; a steady but quick hand and arm action, and care in handling the glass and electric current. Schooling: Common school. CASTER. CIPHER. Description: Regulates the speed of the roller on the casting table, spreading the molten glass in front of it in order to get uniform thickness in the plate. Qualifications: Good judgment, quick action, and a knowledge of the proper working temperature of glass. More than ordinary strength, and ability to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. (ID 12 CRANEMAN. CHEEK. Description : Selects and attaches all lifting devices and directs the crane operator in the lifting and shifting of loads. Also warns persons who might be in danger when the material is being lifted or carried. Qualifications : Should be be thoroughly familiar with all the hitches, ties, and devices for lifting loads, be a good judge of weights, know all the craneman's signals, and be thoroughly familiar with all the rules for safety; should be physically fit and alert and pass an examination for eyesight, color sight, and hearing; should have been an assistant to a craneman. Schooling: Common school. CRANE OPERATOR, TRAVELING ELECTRIC CRANE. CHESS. Description : Manipulates the controlling devices of an electric crane in the lift- ing and shifting of material. Qualifications : Ability to handle the lifting devices on the crane and to make single or double lifts under the direction of the craneman. Must know how to oil the machinery and be familiar enough with all the working parts to make reports when they are not working right; be thoroughly familiar with all the signals used by the craneman; be physically fit and alert, and pass an examina- tion for eyesight, color sight, and hearing, and be able to think and act quickly. Schooling: Common school. CRIMPER. CmCLE. Description : Forms the crimped top of a lamp chimney, reheating and indent- ing it either by hand or by the use of a crimping machine. Qualifications: Must be expert in the handling of reheated glass, have rapid hand and arm action, and be able to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. CUTTER. CITRON. Description : Marks and cuts the finished glass into the proper sizes. Qualifications : A steady hand, good eyesight, rapid body action, excellent judg- ment, and ability to cut with the minimum of waste. Must have served an apprenticeship. Schooling: Common school. CUTTER, DECORATIVE. CITRUS. Description: Cuts designs into pressed or blown ware with an abrasive wheel. Designs may be pressed into the ware and require only to be cut deeper, or the cutter may trace the design on blank ware before cutting. Many cutters also do freehand cutting without marked designs. Qualifications : Good judgment, steady hand, good eyesight, and artistic ability. Requires considerable training. Schooling: High school. CUTTER, ROUGH PLATE. CLAMOR. Description: Cuts the plate into workable sizes, and removes the jagged edges left after casting. Qualifications: A steady hand, good eyesight, rapid action, excellent judgment, and ability to cut with the minimum of waste. Must have served an appren- ticeship. Schooling: Common school. 13 DECORATOR. DIVAN. Description : Paints patterns and other decorative designs on ware with a brush, or fills in traced patterns with a spraying machine. Qualifications : Ability to mix and use oil and water color paints, artistic ability, a steady hand, good eyesight, and imagination. Women are usually employed. Schooling: High school. DEESINKER FOR DIE-CASTING DD3S. DEAN. Description: A journeyman machinist who has specialized on the making of molds or dies in which metal is cast. Qualifications : Must be familiar with shrinkage and draft, as the terms are used in reference to pattern making; must understand the necessary method of dividing the molds and of clamping and otherwise holding the parts in place while the metal is being poured; skill in making templates and in the use of routing tools; must have special ability to interpret drawings and be physically strong. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school. EMERY GRADER. EMBARK. Description: Prepares and grades the emery powder used in grinding plates. Qualifications: Must be acquainted with the various sizes of emery used for grinding, and should have a general knowledge of the properties of abrasives. Schooling: Common school. ENGRAVER, DECORATIVE. EMPIRE. Description: Engraves designs on glassware. Qualifications : A knowledge of freehand drawing and ability to sketch designs on ware; a thorough knowledge of the lathe used, experience in engraving glass, a steady hand, and good eyesight. Schooling: High school. ENGRAVER, MOLD. EMPLOY. Description: Engraves name, trade-mark, and other plates for the molds. Qualifications : Must be an experienced general mechanical engraver, skilled in the use of all engravers' hand tools and engraving machine, working from master designs for reproduction. Should have a thorough knowledge of die steels and annealing and hardening. Schooling: Common school. ETCHER. ENCASE. Description: Traces decorative designs in the wax coating used to cover the ware for this operation, with an etching needle or machine. The ware is then dipped into the acid and the traced design eaten into the glass. Qualifications: Must be a good freehand drawer, and have steady and rapid arm motion and artistic ability. Girls are usually employed. Schooling: Common school. FINISHER. FABRIC. Description: Gives to the blown ware, after it has been reheated, its final form by means of a wet wooden paddle. Qualifications: A skilled blower, skillful in the use of the paddle, and able to shape the reheated glass properly. Must have rapid hand and arm action. Schooling: Common school. FIRE POLISHER. FAgADE. Description : Removes the mold marks and puts a final finish on certain classes of ware by means of a gas flame. Qualifications: Ability to handle the ware carefully and with judgment, so that it will not lose shape. Schooling: Common school. 14 FLATTENER. FACIAL. Description : Operates the flattening ovens used to reheat the split cylinders of glass, flattening the glass with a long-handled buffer, then puts the flat sheets of glass on the receiving end of the leer. Qualifications: Ability to regulate the heat of the ovens and to use the buffer to flatten the cylinder of glass in perfect contact with the slab or "lagre." Requires more than ordinary strength and endurance, good judgment, and dexterity. Schooling: Common school. FOOT CASTER. FACTOR. Description: Shapes the foot for stem or other tableware from some "gobs" of hot glass and attaches it to the ware. , Qualifications : Ability to gather, handle, and shape hot glass; dexterity, steady but rapid arm motion, and good judgment. Schooling: Common school. FOOT FINISHER. FACING. Description: Takes the partially shaped glass base or foot from the caster and gives it a final shape with a wet wooden paddle. Qualifications: Experience as a finisher; skill in using the paddle to shape reheated glass; rapid arm motion; and good judgment. Schooling: Common school. FURNACE CHARGER. FAIRLY. Description : Mixes cullet with prepared batch and feeds it into the melting tank or pot with a shovel, feeding scoop, or gravity feeder. Qualifications: Judgment in feeding the batch; must be physically fit and able to withstand intense heat. Schooling: Common school. FURNACE MAN. FALCON. Description : Regulates the heat of the furnace and sees that the glass is at the right temperature for working. In some plants he also fills in the batch. Qualifications : A thorough knowledge of the correct temperature levels, and of heat recording instruments; ability to read and write, strength, endurance, and ability to withstand intense heat. Schooling: Common school. GAS MAKER. GNU. Description : Tends the producers, feeding the coal into the hoppers, and regulates the production of gas for the furnace and leer. Qualifications: A thorough knowledge of gas producing, boiler firing, etc.; strength and endurance. Schooling: Common school. GATHERER. GOLF. Description : Dips the blowpipe or gathering iron into the molten glasB, "gather- ing" the required amount on the end of the iron, taking it out and handing it to the blower, blowing it himself, or dropping it into the press mold to produce the ware. Qualifications : Ability to gather the right amount of glass and so to manipulate the blowpipe as to cause the molten glass to retain the proper shape; must exer- cise great care and skill to avoid the formation of air bubbles, which would spoil the whole mass of glass. Must be quick, have good judgment, and be able to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. 15 GAUGER. GOLD. Description : Inspects lamp chimneys for sizes and fit Qualifications : Ordinary strength and ability. Schooling: Common school. GLASS WORKER, GENERAL. GONG. Description: Does such work as removing mold and other marks from ware, keeping polish blocks in repair, polishing plate glass by hand, fitting and attaching caps and stoppers to bottles, carrying ware and molten glass, chipping surplus material from ware, cleaning blow irons, oiling and cleaning automatic bottle machines, sticking transfer print patterns on ware, kneading the clay for making pots, examining, cleaning, and wrapping ware for shipment, etc. Qualifications: A knowledge of certain processes in the manufacture of glass; ability to stand intense heat; steady and rapid arm movement. Boys and girls are employed. Schooling: Common school. Note.— In specifying a worker in this group it will be necessary to use the code word indicating the particular type of work to be done, as given in the following list. If the code word for "Glass worker, general" is used it is understood that the employer will give the necessary training for the particular occupations to which the new employee is to be assigned. ACID POLISHER ARDEN BLOCK BOY BATTLE BLOCKER (HAND POLISHING} BAZAAR CARRIER IN CADENCY CARRIER OVER CALCINE CHIPPER OFF CALCITE CLEANER OFF CALCIUM CLEANING OFF BOY CALCULUS CORE BOY CALDRON CRACKER OFF CALENDAR FITTER UP FAULTY FLOOR BOY FELLOW GLORY HOLE TENDER GRAIN GRINDER, FDJST GRAND MACHINE BOY MUCUS MOLD BOY MUDDY MOLD CLEANER MULL PRINT TRANSFERRER PALAVER ROLL BOY ROCK ROLLER BOY RODEO SELECTOR STONY SHOVE BOY STOOL SNAPPER UP STORY SPARE BOY STRAP TAKER OFF TASTER TD3R ON TENANT WARMING IN BOY WICK WASHER WIDE WRAPPER WLELD 16 GLAZER. GOUGE. Description: Removes the sharp edge of "cracked-off" or "cut-off" ware by reheating them in a special furnace. Qualifications : Judgment in handling reheated ware and ability to stand heat and unpleasant odors. Schooling: Common school. GRINDER, PLATE GLASS. GRIND. Description: Operates the machine which grinds the rough plate to the required thickness. Qualifications: Must be able to adjust the blocks used in grinding and see that the abrasive is kept on the plate; must have had experience on the grinding table and have good judgment. Schooling: Common school. HANDLER. HERON. Description: Rolls out small "gobs'' of molten glass into strips and attaches them to the ware in the shape of handles'. Qualifications : Must be an experienced glass finisher with dexterity and skill in making and attaching handles. Schooling: Common school. HOOK MAN. HIGH. Description : Guides the plate of glass on to the leer as it comes from the casting table. Qualifications: Must have extraordinary strength and dexterity and have care in handling the plates. Schooling: Common school. INSPECTOR. IMPAm. Description: Examines and tests finished ware for flaws, durability, heat resist- ing qualities, etc. Qualifications: A thorough technical knowledge of the properties of glass and of the different processes of manufacture; good judgment and good eyesight. Schooling: High school. LABORER, GLASS FACTORY. LOIN. As follows: Back ladler; box carrier; car loader; carrier; chipper; clay treader; cleaner; coal man; cullet washer; emery room helper; fine sand man; furnace cleaner; glass carrier;' grinder, second; material unloader; mill man; mud up man; over teemer; pan handler; plaster man; pot wagon man; producer labor; rouge wheeler; setter up; shipping labor; table helper; trucker; unloader; warehouse labor; yardman. Description: Does such work as is indicated by the occupational names shown above, or other work in a glass factory that requires strength but does not require skill nor a long period of training. Qualifications: Strength rather than skill, and ability to work in intense heat. The necessary experience can be acquired in a short time. Note. — In specifying a worker from this group use the code word for "laborer, glass factory." If a worker is desired who has had experience in any particular opera- tion, add the name of the operation to the code word for "laborer, glass factory." LADLER. LOFT. Description: Dips the molten glass from the melting tank into the blowing pot by means of a large steel ladle on a long, balanced handle. Qualifications : More than ordinary strength, good judgment, and ability to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. 17 LAYER. LOGIC. Description: Prepares the grinding and polishing tables for the plate, covering the table with plaster, and laying the plates in it. Qualifications: Must be able to mix the plaster and to apply it to the tables; must be quick, accurate, and careful. Schooling: Common school. LEER MAN. LONG. Description: Tends the leer or oven where the glass is annealed, regulating the heat, keeping the glass moving and sometimes removing it at the finishing end of the leer, where it is dipped in an acid solution for cleaning and polishing. Qualifications: Must understand the changes of temperature needed in the an- nealing ovens, and be able to regulate them, and be able to operate the leer mechanism. Schooling: Common school. LEER MAN, DECORATIVE. LOOK. Description: Tends the leer or oven where the ware is baked (after it has been decorated) to make the decoration more permanent, placing the ware into the leer and removing it when it has been properly baked or annealed. Qualifications : Must be able to regulate the heat of the leer and to judge when the ware has been baked sufficiently; must be physically fit to lift the heavy trays of ware. Schooling: Common school. LD?PER. LOBE. Description: Forms the lip on some tableware, using the finishing iron, or wet wooden paddle. Qualifications : Must be an experienced finisher, skilled in the use of the paddle and able to shape the reheated glass properly. Must have good judgment and rapid arm action. Schooling: Common school. MACHINE OPERATOR, BOTTLES AND HOLLOW WARE. MOUND. Description: Regulates the temperature of the molds and the speed of the auto- matic machine, watching the quantity and quality of the production, and adjusting the molds. With the semi-automatic type of machine the operator, in addition to these duties, gathers' the molten glass on a gathering iron, drop- ping the right amount of material into the mold. Qualifications: A thorough knowledge of glassworking and mold temperatures, quick action, mechanical ability to take care of the machine, and ability to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. MACHINE OPERATOR, WINDOW GLASS. MOUSE. Description: Operates the controlling devices of the machine used for gathering and blowing the molten glass into a cylindrical shape. Qualifications: Ability to regulate the speed of the machine and the amount of air pressure necessary; sufficient knowledge of the electrical machinery to make adjustments and minor repairs; good judgment and ability to handle men. Schooling: Common school. MATCHER. MORE. Description: Picks out plates for grinding and polishing and matches or fits them for laying on the tables. Qualifications: Good judgment and mathematical ability in order to lay as many plates as possible on the table at one time. Schooling: Common school. 18 MELTER. MOWER. Description: Keeps the furnace at the proper temperature and prepares and tests the glass for casting. Qualifications : A thorough knowledge of glass melting for plate, ability to read heat recording instruments and to work in intense heat. Must be able to handle men. Schooling: Common school. PACKER. PACIFIC. Description: Packs the finished products into crates, boxes, or barrels for ship- ment. In some establishments the sorting and selecting of the ware is done by the packer. Qualifications : Care in selecting and packing the ware, good eyesight, and rapid arm and hand motion. Girls are often employed. Schooling: Common school. POLISHER, PLATE GLASS. PACKAGE. Description: Operates the controlling devices of the machine used to polish and finish the plate, regulating the polishing blocks, the quantity of rouge used, and the general operation of the machine. Qualifications : An experienced plate polisher, with good judgment, and skill in getting a uniform, high polish. Schooling: Common school. POLISHER, TABLEWARE. PACKET. Description: Takes the ware from the smoother or grinder and polishes it on a wooden wheel. This is the final operation in the manufacture of cut ware. Qualifications: Dexterity and rapid arm action. Schooling: Common school. POT MAKER. PACKING. Description: Builds up the pots or crucibles from thick rolls of clay, allowing the lowest parts to dry sufficiently to enable them to bear the weight of the upper parts without giving way. Qualifications: Ability to judge clays and to give the right form to the pots. Careful work is necessary as the pots must withstand a temperature of 2,500° to 2,800° F. Schooling: Common school. POT TURNER. PACKMAN. Description: Reverses the double pot after each blow, allowing any surplus glass remaining in the pot to run into a receptacle below the pot. Qualifications: Must be able to handle the pots with care. Schooling: Common school. PRESSER. PADLOCK. Description: Cuts off the proper amount of molten glass from the gathering iron with shears, allowing it to drop into the mold; forces a metal plunger into the mold, causing the glass to fill the space between the plunger and the mold. Whe,n the glass has become cold, withdraws the plunger, opens the mold, and sends the ware to the leer for annealing. Qualifications: Must be an experienced glass presser, able to operate the devices of the mold, and have strength and endurance. Schooling: Common school. 19 PRINTER. PAGING. Description: Inks design plates and prints the designs on paper slips to be used in transferring the patterns to the ware. Qualifications : Ordinary strength and ability. Schooling: Common school. RING MAN. RISER. Description: Assists in taking down the cylinders of machine-blown glass after each blow, adjusting the blowing ring to the machine for the next blow. Qualifications : Must be able to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. ROUGE BURNER. RINSE. Description: Prepares the rouge used in polishing ground plate glass. The rouge is prepared in a special furnace operated by the rouge burner. Qualifications : Must be able to operate the furnace and should have some knowl- edge of chemistry. Schooling: High school. SAND BLASTER. STOOP. Description: Frosts the ware by the use of the sand blast. The ware is placed into the box and the sand is thrown against it by compressed air or steam pressure. Qualifications: Must be able to operate the compressed air macBine. Schooling: Common school. SKIMMER. STORM. Description: Removes the impurities from the pot or tank of molten glass be- fore it is poured from the pot onto the casting table, using special irons for this purpose. Qualifications: More than ordinary strength and endurance, quick action, and ability to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. SMOOTHER. STOUT. Description: Grinds and smoothes the ground or cut parts of the ware on a fine emery wheel preparatory to polishing. Qualifications : Good eyesight and good judgment. Schooling: Common school. SPLITTER. STRAW. Description: Prepares the cylinder of glass for flattening by applying a heated iron along the length of the cylinder, and applies cold or moisture to the heated area. This causes the cylinder to split lengthwise. Qualifications: Must be a careful worker and have dexterity in handling glass. Schooling: Common school. STOPPER GRINDER. STRIP. Description : Grinds glass stoppers on a special abrasive wheel, fitting them to the bottles. Qualifications : Good judgment, good eyesight, and a steady hand. Schooling: Common school. STRIPPER. STUDY. Description: Loosens the ground or polished plate from the plaster or table, turning it for grinding or polishing on the other side. Qualifications : Ordinary strength and ability. Schooling: Common school. 20 TAKER DOWN. TABABD. Description: Cracks the cylinder of glass at its point of contact with the pot, attaching a ring to this loose end, and helps to lower it on to "horses" pre- paratory to capping or splitting it into required lengths. Qualifications : Strength and dexterity in handling large cylinders of glass and ability to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. TEASEB. TABLET. Description : Keeps the melting furnaces at the correct heat level and tests the glass for proper working condition. Qualifications: Must understand glass melting and working temperatures, be able to read the heat recording instruments, and to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. TEEMEB. TALION. Description: Dumps the pot of molten glass on to the casting table after the craneman has hoisted it to the right spot over the table. Qualifications: Good judgment; ability to think and act quickly. Schooling: Common school. TONG MAN. TALCUM. Description : Prepares the pot of molten glass at the furnace, attaching it to the crane for transfer to the casting table. Qualifications: More than ordinary strength and endurance and ability to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. TITTLE MAN. TALENT, Description: Builds and plasters the walls of the furnace after a new pot has been placed preparatory to firing. Qualifications: Must be an experienced bricklayer, able to run up corners and wall openings; must have strength and ability to work in intense heat. Schooling: Common school. o