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 With the Compliments of 
 
 Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and Industry 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029804857 
 
SF.RVIt ' 
 
SERVICE 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 Clutljong 3. Wxtxtl 
 
 FOUNDER OF THE 
 
 DREXEL INSTITUTE 
 
 OF 
 
 ART, SCIENCE, AND INDUSTRY 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 1896 
 
A-?7^7' 
 
 Donian, Printer. 
 
 
 
BORN, SEPTEMBER 13, 1826 
 DIED, JUNE 30, 1893 
 
Immortal berime 
 
 The service was held in the auditorium of 
 the Institute, Saturday afternoon, January 
 20, 1894, at three o'clock ; the platform was 
 occupied by the Board of Trustees of the 
 Institute and their distinguished guests. 
 
 BOARD OP TRUSTEES 
 
 Colonel Charles H. Banes, Dr. Alexander 
 W. Biddle, Addison B. Burk, Kichard C. 
 Dale, John E. Drexel, George W. Childs 
 Drexel, John B. Fell, Dr. Herbert M. Howe, 
 William V. McKean, Dr. George I. McLeod, 
 
Joseph Moore, Jr., Colonel Edward Morrell, 
 James "W. Paul, Jr., George B. Eoberts, 
 Joseph G. Rosen garten, Walter George 
 Smith. Edward T. Stotesbury, George 0. 
 Thomas, John Lowber "Welsh, Dr. Edward 
 H. "Williams, Joseph M. "Wilson, Dr. James 
 Mac Alister, President of the Institute. 
 
 Mr. George ~W. Childs, the successor of 
 Mr. Drexel as President of the Board of 
 Trustees, was not present, having been 
 stricken, two days previous to the service, 
 with the illness that terminated fatally two 
 weeks after. 
 
 The Advisory Board of Women was repre- 
 sented by Mrs. J. Bellangee Cox, Miss Mary 
 Dulles, Miss Anna Hallowell, Mrs. Mary E. 
 Mumford, Miss Eleanor C. Patterson, and 
 Mrs. Eliza S. Turner. 
 
DISTINGUISHED GUESTS 
 
 Hon. Robert E. Pattison, Governor of 
 Pennsylvania ; "William F. Harrity, Secre- 
 tary of the Commonwealth ; John "W. 
 Morrison, State Treasurer ; Walter "W. 
 Greenland, Adjutant General ; Colonel 
 Thomas J. Stewart, Secretary of Internal 
 Affairs ; Albert S. Bolles, Commissioner 
 Bureau of Statistics. 
 
 Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, Mayor of Phila- 
 delphia; Abraham M. Beitler, Director of 
 the Department of Public Safety ; Charles 
 F. "Warwick, City Solicitor; George S. 
 Graham, District Attorney ; "William G. 
 Shields, Register of "Wills ; Isaac A. Shep- 
 pard, President Board of Public Education. 
 
 Hon. James P. Sterrett, Chief Justice 
 Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ; Hon. 
 
Henry W. Williams, Justice Supreme Court 
 of Pennsylvania ; Hon. Edward Patterson, 
 Judge Supreme Court of ~New York ; Hon. 
 Craig Biddle, Hon . Henry Peed, Hon. 
 Michael Arnold, Hon. James Gay Gordon, 
 Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker, Hon. Theo- 
 dore F. Jenkins, Judges Common Pleas 
 Court, Philadelphia; Hon. William JB. 
 Hanna, Hon. William N. Ashman, Hon. 
 Joseph C. Ferguson, Judges Orphans' 
 Court, Philadelphia; Hon. Amos Briggs. 
 
 Dr. William Pepper, Provost University 
 of Pennsylvania ; Dr. D. C. Gilman, Presi- 
 dent Johns Hopkins University ; Prof. J. 
 H. Van Amringe, Vice-President Columbia 
 College ; Dr. James E. Rhoads, President 
 Bryn Mawr College; Dr. Charles de Garmo, 
 President Swarthmore College ; James C. 
 Mackenzie, Ph.D., Principal Lawrenceville 
 
School; E. Oram Lyte, Ph.D., Principal 
 State Normal School, Millersvillc ; A. H. 
 Fetterolf, Ph.D., President Girard College ; 
 Captain R. H. Pratt, Superintendent Indian 
 Training School, Carlisle, Pa. ; Hon. "W. 
 T. Harris, United States Commissioner of 
 Education. 
 
 Monsieur Benjamin-Constant, Paris. 
 
 J. Pierpont Morgan, Hon. Chauncey M. 
 Depew, George S. Bowdoin, General B. H. 
 Bristow, Joseph H. Choate, David S. Eggle- 
 ston, Charles Lanier, Frank K. Sturgis, 
 Philip Schuyler, Morris K. Jessup, C. H. 
 Coster, C. T. Christensen, President Brook- 
 lyn Trust Company ; G. "W- Turner, New 
 York Recorder ; Joseph Howard, Jr., Rev. 
 Dr. Charles Frederick Hoffman, T. T. 
 Everett, New York. 
 
 Joseph Peabody, Boston. 
 
 (2) 9 
 
Charles F. Mayer, President of the Balti- 
 more and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore. 
 
 R. P. Wilbur, President Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad Company, Bethlehem, Pa. 
 
 Most Rev. P. J. Ryan, Archbishop of 
 Philadelphia ; Rt. Rev. Ozi AVilliam Whit- 
 aker, D.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Penn- 
 sylvania; Bishop Cyrus D. Foss, D.D., 
 LL.D. ; Rev. Dr. William H. Furness, Rev. 
 Dr. H. L. Wayland, Rev. Dr. William K. 
 McVickar, Rev. Dr. George Dana Board- 
 man, Rev. Dr. Joseph N. Blanchard, Rev. 
 Dr. S. D. McConnell, Rev. Dr. Henry C. 
 McCook, Rev. Dr. John S. Macintosh, Rev. 
 Dr. W. C. Cattell, Rev. Dr. S. Morais, Rev. 
 Dr. C. D. Cooper, Philadelphia. 
 
 Frederick Fraley, President American 
 Philosophical Society ; Edward H. Coates, 
 President of the Academy of the Fine Arts ; 
 
 10 
 
William Piatt Pepper, President of the 
 Pennsylvania Museum and School of Indus- 
 trial Art ; John D. Lankenau, President 
 Mary J. Drexel Home; Dr. Charles J. 
 Stille, Henry C. Lea, Dr. Daniel G. Brinton, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Hon. John Russell Young, Hon. A. Lou- 
 don Snowden, Hon. Charles Emory Smith, 
 John H. Converse, Hon. John Wanamaker, 
 Gen. D. H. Hastings, Louis Vossion, French 
 Consul at Philadelphia ; James R. Gates, 
 Hon. John Field, Ex-Mayor Samuel G. 
 King, Ex-Mayor Edwin H. Pitler, Colonel 
 William B. Mann, John Sartain, H. C. Baird, 
 Joseph S. Harris, President Reading Rail- 
 road Company; Frank Thomson, First 
 Vice-President Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany ; Theodore Yoorhees, Vice President 
 
 Reading Railroad Company, Philadelphia. 
 11 
 
The members of the Drexel family not 
 named above. Mrs. John R. Fell, Mrs. John 
 E. Drexel, Mrs. George W. Childs Drexel, 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Watmough, Mrs. Ed- 
 ward Morrell, Dr. and Mrs. Charles B. 
 Penrose, and Miss Ludlow, were seated 
 immediately in front of the platform. 
 
 The teaching body of the Institute, num- 
 bering over seventy, were seated to the 
 right of the platform. 
 
 The students of the Institute were repre- 
 sented by a delegation of two hundred and 
 seventy- five, elected by the several depart- 
 ments. 
 
 The invited guests, numbering over twelve 
 hundred, occupied the remaining seats. 
 
 James Mac Alister, LL.D., President of 
 the Institute, presided. 
 
 12 
 
©rber of Service 
 
 Organ Voluntary — Cantabile, in A Flat, Rousseau. 
 Anthem — "Send out thy light," . . . Gounod. 
 
 Jflratier 
 
 Eev. William B. Bodine, D.D., Kector of the Church 
 of the Saviour, Philadelphia. 
 
 Sntrobuctorg ^.uiiresa 
 James Mac Alistee, LL.D., President of the Institute. 
 Hymn — " Lead, kindly light," Dykes. 
 
 Memotial &bbress 
 
 Rt. Rev. Henry' C. Potter, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of 
 
 New York. 
 Anthem — "I will lay me down in peace," Gadsby. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Ozi William Whitaker, D.D., Bishop of 
 the Diocese of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Organ Voluntary" — Allegro Pomposo, Henry Smart. 
 13 
 
The vocal music was rendered by a choir 
 of two hundred voices selected from the 
 Choral Classes connected with the Insti- 
 tute, under the direction of Mr. Charles 
 M. Schmitz. Mr. James M. Dickinson, 
 Organist of the Institute, presided at the 
 
 14 
 
PRAYERS 
 
 BY EEV. WILLIAM B. BODINE, D.D. 
 
 O Eternal God, mighty in power, and of 
 majesty incomprehensible, "Whom the heaven 
 of heavens cannot contain, much less the 
 walls of temples made with hands ; and "Who 
 yet hast been graciously pleased to promise 
 Thy especial presence wherever two or three 
 of Thy faithful servants shall assemble in 
 Thy name, vouchsafe, we beseech Thee, to 
 be present with us in the service of this 
 hour. Be with us in prayer, to quicken our 
 devotion ; in praises, to heighten our love 
 and gratitude ;"and in the reception of truth, 
 to give the attentive ear and the understand- 
 ing heart. Direct us, O Lord, in all our 
 
 15 
 
doings, with Thy most gracious favor, and 
 further us with Thy continual help, that in 
 all our works begun, continued, and ended 
 in Thee, we may glorify Thy holy Name, 
 and, finally, by Thy mercy obtain everlast- 
 ing life, through Jesus Christ our Lord. 
 Amen. 
 
 Almighty and everlasting God, we yield 
 unto Thee most high praise and hearty 
 thanks for the wonderful grace and virtue 
 declared in all Thy saints, who have been 
 the choice vessels of Thy grace and the 
 lights of the world in their several genera- 
 tions ; most humbly beseeching Thee to 
 give us grace so to follow the example of 
 their steadfastness in Thy faith and obedi- 
 ence to Thy holy commandments, that at 
 the day of the general Resurrection, we, 
 with all those who are of the mystical body 
 
 16 
 
of Thy Son, may be set on His right hand 
 and hear His most joyfhl voice : Come, 
 ye blessed of My Father, inherit the king- 
 dom prepared for yon from the foundation 
 of the world. Grant this, O Father, for 
 Jesus Christ's sake, our only Mediator and 
 Advocate. Amen. 
 
 O merciful God and heavenly Father, 
 who settest the solitary of the earth in 
 families, bless with Thy continual care all 
 those who were beloved of him whose pure 
 life and noble deeds we this day commemo- 
 rate. May his good example be to them a 
 light and his pious works an inspiration. 
 Lead them onward and upward from 
 strength to strength and from height to 
 height. In all their doubts and uncertain- 
 ties be Thou their guide, that the spirit of 
 wisdom may save them from all false choices, 
 
 (3) 17 
 
and that in Thy light they may see light, 
 and in Thy straight' path may not stumble: 
 through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 
 
 Most gracious God, the giver of all good 
 and perfect gifts, who of Thy wise provi- 
 dence hast appointed men to serve Thee in 
 the doing of Thy will on earth, give Thy 
 grace, we beseech Thee, to Thy servants to 
 whom the charge of this Institute has been 
 committed ; and so replenish them with the 
 truth of Thy doctrine and endue them with 
 innocency of life that they may faithfully 
 serve before Thee, to the glory of Thy great 
 ISTame and the benefit of Thy holy Church: 
 through Jesus Christ, our only Mediator 
 and Redeemer. Amen. 
 
 Almighty God, the fountain of all wis- 
 dom and the source of all strength, guide 
 and prosper, we beseech Thee, the work of 
 
 18 
 
this Institute, from day to day, from year to 
 year, and from generation to generation. 
 Bless those who study here, and prepare 
 them for usefulness as Thy sons and 
 datighters. Cleanse their consciences and 
 stir their wills gladly to serve Thee, the 
 living God. Sanctify all their thoughts and 
 endeavors, that they may neither begin any 
 action without a pure intention, nor con- 
 tinue it without Thy blessing. And grant 
 that, having the eyes of their minds opened 
 to behold things invisible and unseen, they 
 may in heart be inspired by Thy wisdom, 
 and in work be upheld by Thy strength, 
 and in the end be accepted of Thee as Thy 
 faithful servants, through Jesus Christ, our 
 Saviour. Amen. 
 
 O God, Whose days are without end and 
 "Whose mercies cannot be numbered, make 
 
 19 
 
us, we beseech Thee, deeply sensible of the 
 shortness and uncertainty of human life, 
 and let Thy Holy Spirit lead us through this 
 Vale of Misery in holiness and righteous- 
 ness, all the days of our lives, that when we 
 shall have served Thee in our generation, we 
 may be gathered unto our fathers, having 
 the testimony of a good conscience in the 
 communion of the Catholic Church ; in the 
 confidence of a certain faith ; in the comfort 
 of a reasonable, religious, and holy hope ; in 
 favor with Thee our God, and in perfect 
 charity with the world. All which we ask 
 through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 
 
 Our Father, Who art in heaven, Hallowed 
 be Thy Name, Thy kingdom come, Thy will 
 be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give 
 us this day our daily bread, and forgive 
 us our trespasses as we forgive those who 
 
 20 
 
trespass against us ; and lead us not into 
 temptation, but deliver us from evil ; for 
 Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and 
 the glory, forever and ever. Amen. 
 
 21 
 
INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS 
 
 BY JAMES MACALISTEE, LL.D. 
 
 A little more than two years ago, a distin- 
 guished assemblage was gathered here to 
 dedicate this building to the purposes for 
 which it had been erected. The bereave- 
 ment which had so recently desolated his 
 home prevented Mr. Drexel from being 
 present at the exercises and gave an under- 
 tone of sadness to what would otherwise 
 have been an occasion of unqualified rejoic- 
 ing and congratulation. She who had shared 
 in all his plans and anticipations for the 
 institution which was that day called into 
 
 23 
 
existence had left him to go forward with 
 its development alone. 
 
 After the brief space of eighteen months, 
 the summons came likewise to him, and he 
 went away, leaving the Drexel Institute as 
 a legacy to the long line of his fellow-men 
 who for centuries to come will enjoy the 
 fruits of his wise beneficence. 
 
 We have met this afternoon to pay a 
 simple tribute of respect to the memory of 
 the citizen of whom Philadelphia is so justly 
 proud, and who has recorded his apprecia- 
 tion of what he owed his native city in the 
 noble institution which bears his name. To 
 me has been assigned the simple duty of 
 saying a few words on behalf of the Board 
 of Trustees, the teaching body, and the 
 students of the Institute. 
 
 Several years ago, Mr. Drexel decided to 
 set apart a portion of his wealth for some 
 
 24 
 
benevolent object. After a good deal of that 
 careful consideration which he was accus- 
 tomed to give to all his undertakings, he 
 came to the conclusion that in no way could 
 his money be so well spent as in promoting 
 the education of the people. His wide ex- 
 perience of life and his sympathetic nature 
 led him to take a deep interest in the masses 
 who have to depend upon their own energies 
 for making their way in the world. 
 
 His desire was to establish an institution 
 that would prove helpful in the largest sense 
 to the greatest number of the self-support- 
 ing, self-respecting portion of the commu- 
 nity, and his mind naturally turned toward 
 those newer forms of education which the 
 marvellous development of the arts and 
 sciences and their applications to the uses of 
 life are so rapidly bringing into existence. 
 The Drexel Institute was the outcome of 
 
 (4) 25 
 
these ideas, and it should be taken as repre- 
 senting the well-matured purpose of its 
 founder. 
 
 How sound was Mr. Drexel's judgment, 
 the progress already made in the develop- 
 ment of the Institute fully attests. It was 
 dedicated in the month of December, 1891. 
 In February, 1892, the doors were opened 
 and work was begun in a somewhat tenta- 
 tive fashion. By September of the same 
 year, the general scheme of instruction and 
 training had been fully laid out and the 
 Institute was launched upon its career. The 
 second academic year began last September, 
 with the organization still more advanced, 
 and at the present time there are more than 
 twenty-three hundred students enrolled in 
 the various departments, fourteen hundred 
 of whom are in the evening classes. The 
 Board of Trustees feel warranted, therefore, 
 
 26 
 
in saying that the Institute, so far as it 
 has gone, has justified the purposes and 
 expectations of its founder. 
 
 This rapid progress has been rendered 
 possible by Mr. Drexel's generous liberality. 
 The gifts made by him to the Institute 
 amount altogether to three million dollars. 
 One-third of this sum has been expended 
 upon the building and in providing the 
 equipment and appliances of the various 
 departments ; the remaining two millions 
 have been set apart as the permanent 
 endowment. It is from the income of this 
 fund that the Institute is maintained. 
 
 The fees charged students are either ex- 
 tremely moderate or merely nominal, and 
 are of small account as revenue. There is a 
 liberal supply of free scholarships in all the 
 departments and courses, and the public 
 lectures and concerts, which will constitute 
 
 27 
 
when fully organized an important feature 
 of the Institute's work, will be entirely free. 
 The library and reading-room and the 
 museum are open day and evening, without 
 fee of any kind. In fact, there is no bar to 
 the fullest enjoyment of the privileges of the 
 Institute by anyone who can make a good use 
 of them. At the same time, it is not a class 
 institution in any sense. The founder's wish 
 was that no restriction as to sex, race, or 
 religion should ever be made a condition of 
 admission. A broad, liberal spirit pervades 
 the institution, and every incentive to true 
 manhood and womanhood is offered to all 
 who come within the range of its influence. 
 It was Mr. Drexel's good fortune to wit- 
 ness the growth and development of the 
 Institute from its first conception up to that 
 point in its history when its success was 
 assured. He saw the building rise and grow 
 
 28 
 
into its fair proportions ; he sanctioned all 
 the elaborate equipments and appointments 
 which, alike for their practical uses and their 
 refining influence, give a completeness to the 
 Drexel Institute that no similar institution 
 in the world possesses in a higher degree ; 
 he accepted every step that was taken in 
 organizing and extending the instruction. 
 From first to last his interest never flagged, 
 and the last expenditure that was needed to 
 bring the Institute to its present complete 
 condition was authorized only the day before 
 he started upon that fateful journey to 
 Carlsbad. 
 
 The Institute, as it now stands, embodies 
 Mr. Drexel's own ideal, and its future ex- 
 pansion, as well as the changes which time 
 and experience will doubtless show to be 
 necessary, will, I am sure, be built upon the 
 foundations which he laid so broadly and 
 
 29 
 
securely. Is there not in all this a lesson 
 for other rich men who, like the founder of 
 the Drexel Institute, may feel impelled to 
 dedicate a portion of their wealth to the 
 good of mankind ? How much better it was 
 for Mr. Drexel to be his own executor; to 
 see and enjoy the realization of his well-con- 
 sidered purposes! In saying this, I believe 
 that I am expressing the judgment of those 
 to whom he has confided the care and man- 
 agement of the Institute, and their one re- 
 gret is that he should not have lived a few 
 more years to enjoy the blessedness of well- 
 doing performed in that modest and unsel- 
 fish spirit which was one of the most striking 
 traits of his character. 
 
 It was this personal connection of Mr. 
 Drexel with the Institute that makes his 
 loss so hard to bear. "While at his city resi- 
 dence it was his custom to walk to his place 
 
 30 
 
of business every morning. On his way 
 thither he always stopped at the Institute, 
 so that hardly a day passed without an 
 opportunity to advise with him about its 
 affairs. 
 
 Alas ! there are no more pleasant morning- 
 greetings ; the kind words of counsel and 
 approval have ceased forever ; but his influ- 
 ence remains to encourage and gladden all 
 who come to learn or to teach within these 
 walls. His honored and beloved name, his 
 very presence, lives in classroom and labor- 
 atory and studio, in hall and library and 
 museum, and the memory of what he was 
 and what he did will always be the highest 
 incentive to every duty and every achieve- 
 ment that springs from his splendid bene- 
 faction. 
 
 31 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS 
 
 KT. EEV. HENRY C. POTTER, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 The occasion which assembles us to-day 
 is at once significant and unique. A citizen 
 of Philadelphia, who, so far as I can learn, 
 never held political office and never chal- 
 lenged public attention, after a life of sixty- 
 six years spent in this community in the 
 pursuit of his ordinary business, dies in a 
 foreign land. Of engaging personal quali- 
 ties and of honorable record as a banker, he 
 is mourned by his friends and fellow- 
 citizens and borne to his rest amid the 
 various tributes of affection and respect. 
 Such men, though not as common as we 
 
 (5) 33 
 
might wish, are not unknown among you, 
 and the career which I have thus briefly 
 outlined could hardly be regarded, viewed 
 from customary standpoints, as in any way 
 exceptional or phenomenal. There have 
 been many such men in the history of 
 every commercial community, and we are 
 glad to honor their virtue and to own 
 their beneficent influence. And then the 
 current rushes on. The tide of our modern 
 life is so vast in its volume, so rapid in its 
 pace, so irresistible in its momentum, that 
 we cannot long arrest it — nor ourselves. 
 New tasks command us ; new emergencies 
 challenge us ; a new day, with its own large 
 anxieties, dawns upon the night of our grief, 
 and we staunch the tears that blur the eager 
 vision striving the more clearly to discern 
 its way among the distracting intricacies of 
 our modern life, and hasten on. 
 
 34 
 
But it has not been so here. The larger 
 part of a year has gone since there flashed 
 beneath the Atlantic that sharp electric 
 shock which told us that a friend had ceased 
 to breathe, and we have not forgotten him, 
 nor can we. I do not know how it may be 
 with most of you, but there must be a good 
 many men and women here to whom Phila- 
 delphia will never be quite the same place 
 that it was a year ago. 
 
 " We wake, Ave rise ; from end to end 
 Of all the landscape underneath, 
 We find no place that does not breathe 
 Some gracious memory of our friend." 
 
 Out of a few lives has gone that which, 
 because it was so dear and close, will leave 
 them stricken and bereaved forever. Yes, 
 but besides this which comes to all of us 
 when sorrow comes and has taken from us 
 
 35 
 
that which is most dear and precious, out of 
 that larger life which makes the life of a 
 community, a state, a nation, something has 
 gone which leaves a gap behind, wide and 
 deep and ineffaceable. A very striking sketch 
 of our departed friend — by one of your own 
 citizens — depicted, at the time of his depart- 
 ure, what, not extravagantly, it called his 
 regal traits. He had them. He was a large 
 pattern of a man. He ruled in that financial 
 realm in which he was so potent a person- 
 ality by virtue of the kingly right of his 
 kingly gifts. Anywhere, under any condi- 
 tions, his would have been a commanding 
 mind, and his influence a commanding influ- 
 ence. Reverently be it said, God made him 
 so ; and just because his was so dominant 
 and so exceptional a personality, you here 
 have not been able to forget him. This oc- 
 casion, occurring so many months after his 
 
 36 
 
departure, finds its final explanation in him- 
 self. No simulated sorrow has produced it. 
 ~No labored preparation has ripened it. It 
 simply could not be otherwise. We could 
 not let Anthony Drexel go away without 
 coming together as we have come this after- 
 noon, to speak to one another of his knightly 
 and noble presence, and to garner here the 
 impressions of his strong and symmetrical 
 manhood. 
 
 I. For, in the first place, Mr. Drexel was 
 built upon large lines intellectually. The 
 world of our modern life has its own 
 types of greatness, which are a legitimate 
 product of the age that has produced them. 
 It is the fashion, I know, in some quarters, 
 to disparage them because they are not 
 the types that, in other ages, revealed 
 greatness, and because they are neither pic- 
 turesque, nor heroic, nor scholastic. There 
 
 37 
 
have been ages, we are told, that produced 
 not wealth, nor luxury, nor railways, but 
 men. There have been ages that built not 
 canals, nor steamships, nor commercial ware- 
 houses, but soldiers and states and civiliza- 
 tions. We are all familiar with Mr. Ruskin's 
 biting sarcasms upon our modern life which 
 finds its worst and most vulgar illustration, 
 as he tells us, in our own America. And 
 this sort of thing has been reiterated so 
 often, with such fine and stinging scorn, and 
 with such infrequent challenge or contradic- 
 tion, that many of us have come to believe 
 it. But of all verbiage that calls itself philo- 
 sophic criticism, it is the thinnest and cheap- 
 est that ever deceived unthinking souls, and 
 it is high time that somebody said so. 
 
 It is high time that, in an age which is 
 wont so often to disparage its best energies 
 and to belittle its own aims, we should 
 
understand their true significance and recog- 
 nize their ultimate tendency. In what we are 
 wont to call the chivalric or heroic ages, the 
 best energies of men were devoted to war- 
 fare simply because the world was as yet so 
 poorly educated that it had not learned that 
 the ends for which a great many honorable 
 wars were waged might have been as effectu- 
 ally attained in another and less cruel way. 
 Again, in ages when men, as in England, 
 won glory and honor and immortality in 
 struggles for Magna Charta, their deeds and 
 their conceptions seem so noble and so splen- 
 did because they stand out upon so dark a 
 background of popular ignorance and servi- 
 tude. But to-day, our best men use their 
 best powers for other ends, because these 
 ends, though they may seem, superficially, 
 so often merely commercial and sordid, are, 
 after all, the ends of our advancing civiliza- 
 
 39 
 
tion, and with it an advancing Christ. 
 " Every valley shall be filled, and every 
 mountain and hill shall be brought low ; 
 and the crooked shall be made straight, and 
 the rough ways shall be made smooth," 
 cries John the Baptist in the wilderness, 
 " and all flesh shall see the salvation of our 
 God ! " Who has not thought of these 
 words as he has seen in our Western wilder- 
 nesses the mighty conquests of our modern 
 engineering ? The Romans built their roads 
 for their armies, but after the armies came 
 the apostles bringing to heathendom the 
 heavenly learning of the Cross. 
 
 And so it has been in the history of our 
 modern enterprise, and of the genius that 
 has inspired and promoted it. A great engi- 
 neer conceives a great achievement, but it is 
 only a great financier who makes it possible. 
 And it is this gift, that penetrating forecast 
 
 40 
 
which makes man at his highest estate, what 
 Shakespeare calls him, ''a being of large 
 discourse, looking before and after," which 
 ranks, as I maintain, and not unworthily, 
 beside the noblest achievements of soldier 
 or statesman or scholar. One lifts his eye 
 from the narrow range of his domestic envi- 
 ronment, and casts it over that vast area 
 which makes our American continent, and 
 whose has been the transformation? The 
 courage of the pioneer, the heroism of 
 the emigrant, the daring of the explorer ? 
 Yes ; but behind all these, the calm and far- 
 seeing mind holding in its grasp the resources 
 of two hemispheres, that can see what cur- 
 rents may be turned into these newly-opened 
 channels, and how a statesmanlike energy 
 can widen and deepen them. 
 
 Some one has said that we have no more 
 statesmen because they have all become 
 
 (6) 41 
 
bankers and railroad presidents. May it not 
 be, because it is bankers and railroad presi- 
 dents which our present emergency demands, 
 even more than it demands legislation? 
 There are some of us who think that if we 
 could have a little less of that, we should be 
 all the better for it ; and if to others it seems 
 common and vulgar for a man to be con- 
 cerned with currency and transportation, 
 rather than with ideas and the forces which 
 engender them, it may be well to remember 
 that among these forces that which puts men 
 in circulation, by challenging enterprise and 
 promoting travel and traffic, is no less neces- 
 sary than ideas themselves — nay, that there 
 can be no ideas as quickening and elevating 
 forces without that which rewards labor, and 
 feeds hunger, whether of the mind or the body, 
 and pays enterprise, and builds roads and fac- 
 tories and ships and cities — which is money. 
 
 42 
 
I believe that Mr. Drexel discerned this 
 very clearly. I believe that he came very 
 early to see a long- way beyond his particular 
 calling or business, into that larger realm of 
 commerce and finance by which the whole 
 round world is bound together. I believe 
 that he early came to recognize that wealth 
 was one of the great forces — not the greatest 
 force nor the only one, but still a great force, 
 which had in itself, indeed, no moral or intel- 
 lectual quality any more than steam or electri- 
 city, on the one hand, or language and culture, 
 on the other, have a moral or intellectual 
 quality, but a force which, like either of these 
 or any other great force, might be accumu- 
 lated or stored, and used for great ends and in 
 a great way. I believe that Mr. Drexel early 
 began to outgrow the narrower limitations 
 of that business in which I first knew him, 
 and to recognize the larger opportunities and 
 
 43 
 
the wider relations of his calling as a banker, 
 and when he did, to use them with a preemi- 
 nent wisdom and in a great way. I believe 
 that in so doing he was a most potential 
 factor in the development of our American 
 resources and opportunities, and I venture 
 to think that in doing this he was doing a 
 work as essentially great in its proportions 
 and influence as if he had overrun Western 
 Africa with a conquering army, or negoti- 
 ated a treaty with Spain and secured to us 
 the possession of the West India Islands. 
 
 II. But Mr. Drexel's was no less a char- 
 acter of distinct and unusual eminence, 
 morally. I shall never forget the significant 
 emphasis with which my dear friend, your 
 fellow-citizen* (in appointing whom as Am- 
 bassador to Italy the President of the United 
 States, I venture to think, has honored him- 
 
 * The Hon. Wayne MacVeagh. 
 44 
 
self scarcely less than he has honored his 
 minister) — I shall never forget, I say, the 
 significant emphasis with which, when we 
 dedicated this noble building, Mr. MacVeagh 
 exclaimed (I do not profess to give his exact 
 words), referring to Mr. Drexel's princely 
 gifts, first of the building and then of the 
 endowment, " And not the least delightful 
 feature of this munificent benefaction is that 
 it is all clean money." "What a large and 
 serious significance, lay behind that homely 
 and colloquial phrase ! 
 
 Wrote the friend who knew him best : 
 " By no act of his life did he take advantage 
 of the misfortunes, difficulties, or embarrass- 
 ments of any man or men, or corporations 
 even, which are said to have no souls, to 
 enhance his own fortune. He did not drive 
 sharp bargain's; he did not profit by the 
 hard necessities of others ; he did not exact 
 
 45 
 
from those in his employ excessive tasks and 
 give them inadequate pay. He was a lenient, 
 patient, liberal creditor; a generous em- 
 ployer, considerate of, and sympathetic with, 
 everyone who worked for him."* I do not • 
 think there could well be higher praise than 
 that, and I have yet to hear it challenged. 
 But consider for a moment how much that 
 is which it means. We talk of the white 
 heat of those fiery furnaces that tried the 
 souls of martyrs and heroes of the elder 
 time. Ah ! they are waiting for many a 
 man as he goes down town to his busi- 
 ness, almost every day of his life. The 
 rest of us who live outside of them can 
 never know how fierce are the competitions, 
 how tremendous the strain, how all but 
 irresistible the temptation to seize, as all 
 in an instant it may be, it flashes upon 
 
 * Mr. George W. Childs. 
 46 
 
us, some unfair advantage which another's 
 action or want of action in some unguarded 
 moment has betrayed to us. We can never 
 quite know the subtle and benumbing power 
 of that atmosphere of craft and artifice, of 
 dubious methods and more than doubtful 
 maxims, in which many men are called to 
 work who live in the world of business. We 
 can never quite understand how, uncon- 
 sciously, one's own standards of integrity 
 may be debilitated and deteriorated by the 
 example of those whom his fellows applaud, 
 whom the law protects, and whom the com- 
 munity, it may be, delights to honor. To 
 hold one's self erect when all these influences 
 conspire to make a man stoop to actions 
 which are mean or equivocal ; to keep one's 
 scrupulous integrity unstained or untar- 
 nished, — this is a task so great that only 
 they who can measure it by experience can 
 
 47 
 
justly honor it. But this was the integrity 
 of Anthony J. Drexel, this was the moral 
 history of his financial career. 
 
 But not the whole of it. Great as he was 
 in this, if he had been noble only in this way 
 it would have been after all but a negative 
 nobility. There have been other men of 
 whom all this could be said, and, thank God, 
 not a few of them. But it is a painful char- 
 acteristic, too often, of a scrupulous business 
 integrity that it stops just at this point. It 
 can be just, but it cannot be noble. It 
 can be scrupulous, but it cannot be gen- 
 erous. It can pay its own debts, and " exact 
 no more than that which is appointed" it, 
 but it cannot discern that, in the realm of 
 morals, that alone is true nobility of char- 
 acter and conduct which goes beyond the 
 bald and dry equities and reaches out and 
 up into the realm of a large magnanimity. 
 
 48 
 
It is this in Mr. Drexel's history that 
 gives to his business career its finest quality 
 of moral nobleness. Says the friend from 
 whom I have already quoted : " Men of 
 thought and conscience, at the beginning of 
 their career, commonly adopt a rule by which 
 their steps are directed. Anthony J. Drexel 
 adopted one, and, until death removed him 
 from the busy, helpful path that he had trod 
 so long in the world of business, it was his 
 sole guiding principle in the important and 
 multitudinous affairs with which he had to 
 do. That rule was, ' Do unto others as 
 you would have others do unto you.' The 
 transactions of his banks, especially during 
 the more recent years of their activity, were 
 largely with Governments — national, state, 
 municipal ; with great corporations, rail- 
 roads, banks, and other financial institutions, 
 as well as with firms and individuals that 
 
 (7) 49 
 
came to rely upon Mr. Drexel as a man of 
 unusual sagacity and unquestionable and 
 unquestioned honor. If the records of this 
 house were made public it would be per- 
 ceived how often it had been the prop of 
 public and private credit, the sustainer of 
 institutions, corporations, firms, and persons, 
 to whom it gave assistance when their ruin 
 had been otherwise inevitable." That is what 
 I mean, by moral nobleness in business — 
 a kind of financial statesmanship touched 
 with the finest sensibility, and lifted to the 
 most exalted conception of great responsi- 
 bilities and opportunities. There is no test 
 of character at once so searching and so 
 final as the possession, in whatever kind, 
 of great power. There are many men 
 who have stood all ordinary temptations, 
 but have succumbed at last to that. " Cast 
 thyself down!" cries the tempter to some 
 
 50 
 
one lifted to lofty and dizzy eminence, 
 and too often the poor brain, drunk with 
 its large conceit, stoops to the ignoble 
 deed just because it can. But here was a 
 man who, holding a great power, wielded it 
 for the greatest good ; who held up the 
 weak, who sustained the public credit, who 
 befriended tottering fortunes and enterprises, 
 who put life beneath the very ribs of death 
 and set the corpse upon its feet again — and 
 all this in a fashion of such modest and un- 
 obtrusive naturalness, if I may say so, that 
 we who saw him or knew of his doing these 
 things never saw how great they were until 
 he himself was taken away from us and we 
 beheld them in their true light. 
 
 And thus it was that Mr. Drexel became, 
 in this community not only, but in two 
 hemispheres, a strong and beneficent moral 
 force. Every honest enterprise was stronger, 
 
 51 
 
because it knew it could count upon his 
 sympathy. Every equivocal and dubious 
 enterprise, every shrewd and unscrupulous 
 man was weaker, because they knew that 
 they would have to reckon with his unbend- 
 ing honesty and his uncompromising equity. 
 Knaves dreaded his searching eye, and 
 knavish undertakings were the weaker be- 
 cause he lived to detect and designate them. 
 This was his moral power, and men felt it 
 everywhere with unceasing force all the way 
 to the end. 
 
 III. But greater than intellectual or even 
 moral nobleness is that thing which we call 
 familiarly great-heartedness, even as an 
 Apostle has declared that " charity '' or love 
 is the greatest. In one aspect of it, indeed, 
 this quality may be said to be only moral 
 greatness in action; but in another and 
 truer aspect it might more accurately be 
 
 52 
 
described as a high moral purpose, inspired 
 and so transformed by a gracious affection. 
 
 And of this Mr. Drexel's life was a singu- 
 larly resplendent illustration. There came 
 to him, as life went on, a great widening of 
 vision, and there came along with this what 
 too often does not accompany it, a steady 
 enlargement of the scope and character of 
 his sympathies and his beneficence. Let me 
 explain what I mean by this somewhat vague 
 language and indulge me, for a moment, in 
 the personal reminiscence which it involves. 
 
 When I first knew Mr. Drexel, I was my- 
 self a lad in a counting-room in this city, 
 whose duty, among other things, it was to 
 take to the office of a broker in Third Street, 
 the uncurrent money received by the house 
 whose clerk I was. Though the house of 
 Drexel & Sons, as I think it was then styled, 
 was already known as an enterprising and 
 
 53 
 
successful firm, I do not believe that at 
 that time those who composed it would 
 have claimed that it then stood for any 
 large influence or commanding leadership 
 in the world of finance. All that came 
 later, and Avith a steady and cumulative 
 growth, and it came because of the growth 
 of that controlling mind whose loss we are 
 here to-day to mourn, and whose gifts we 
 are assembled to honor. There are two types 
 of intellect in business, as in letters or art 
 or anywhere else. The one is that which 
 early breaks upon us with high promise, but 
 which never fulfills that promise. We say 
 of some man at twenty-five or thirty, " He 
 will make his mark — he has a great future 
 before him. Grive him ten or fifteen years, 
 and he will be found among the leaders of 
 his day." But he never is. His first promise 
 is, substantially, his final achievement. His 
 
 54 
 
youthful excellence is the high " C " in the 
 tonic scale of performance beyond which he 
 never climbs. At thirty-five or forty we 
 begin to doubt about him. At fifty we accept 
 him as an excellent specimen of respectable 
 mediocrity, and dismiss him from the realm 
 of our greater expectations. 
 
 But there are other men who begin, it may 
 be, with far less promise, but who, when the 
 time comes, fit their achievements to an op- 
 portunity as a builder lifts the steel frame of 
 some mighty structure, when the foundations 
 are ready, story by story, to the lofty and 
 dominant peak and pinnacle of the whole. 
 We had said of our friend, " He is a good 
 fellow, a clever man of business, a capable 
 lawyer or merchant," but one day he steps a 
 little apart and above the great majority. 
 The task, the crisis, the burden comes, and, 
 somehow, the brain seems to greaten and 
 
 55 
 
the shoulders to broaden, till at last we see 
 in this modest and unpretentious neighbor a 
 man of large capabilities, of dominant force, 
 " of light and leading." Yes, best of all, of 
 light and leading in brightest ministries and 
 noblest service. For this, as I have striven 
 to indicate, was the crowning glory of Mr. 
 Drexel's career. There have been men of 
 his class and calling who rose from modest 
 beginnings to be financial potencies of fore- 
 most magnitude. But they never became 
 anything more. Having taught the world 
 how to make money, they never taught other 
 men how to use it. Having illustrated the 
 highest order of ability in organization and 
 accumulation, they have only been able to 
 give to the world the feeblest and, too often, 
 the most unworthy illustration of the much 
 higher art of its beneficent distribution. 
 And here it is that Mr. Drexel's career 
 
 56 
 
affords, as I venture to think, so fine and 
 high an illustration of what I have called a 
 truly great beneficence. From the beginning 
 to the end of his career he was indeed a man 
 who adorned his life, as have some others of 
 his associates who are with us to-day, with 
 an unceasing stream of private and personal 
 munificence which made it true of him, as of 
 them, that "when the ear heard him it blessed 
 him, and when the eye saw him it gave wit- 
 ness to him." Of all the men whom you to 
 whom I speak have known, I venture to say 
 that no one was more free from the poor in- 
 firmity that exercises its charity for adver- 
 tising purposes. No one but God and they 
 whom he helped and succored will ever know 
 how wide and constant, how discriminating 
 and sympathetic, was the reach of his secret 
 benefactions. But, amid all these, and, bet- 
 ter still, amid all the pressure of the vast 
 
 (8) 57 
 
interests with which in so many ways he 
 was charged, he had time and thought, and 
 steadfast and undaunted purpose, for the 
 great and monumental work within whose 
 porches we are now assembled. How care- 
 fully and intelligently it was conceived, how 
 steadily but deliberately it was matured, 
 how thoroughly and comprehensively it was 
 organized, you, his fellow-citizens, well know. 
 He honored me — doubtless he distinguished 
 many others with the same mark of confi- 
 dence — by asking more than once for the 
 help of such counsel as I could give him. 
 He brooded over this large plan, he consid- 
 ered each separate class of those whose higher 
 education he had in mind, and strove to un- 
 derstand both them and their best wants. 
 He selected his fellow-counsellors with equal 
 prudence and wisdom, and when all this pre- 
 liminary work was done, he placed at the 
 
 58 
 
head of it one whose presence shall not re- 
 strain me from reminding you of the rare 
 and keen delight with which in this place, 
 not a great while ago, we listened to his 
 inaugural address as the President of this 
 Institute, and whose eminent and varied 
 ability in its administration has already 
 abundantly demonstrated the characteristic 
 discernment of him who, most of all, chose 
 him. 
 
 And thus it was that our friend, by that 
 final munificence of his munificent life, gave 
 to his fellow-citizens and his fellow-men 
 everywhere the final and most characteristic 
 disclosure of the greatness of a princely 
 heart. 
 
 I may not venture here to follow him into 
 the privacy of his personal friendships nor 
 into the innermost sanctity of his domestic 
 life. Others who had a better right to speak 
 
 59 
 
of these have done so with a delicacy and 
 tenderness which has touched us all. But I 
 may speak of what all men who knew Mr. 
 Drexel knew and delighted in — his especial 
 and most engaging charm of presence and 
 bearing, the perfect flower of a refinement 
 and modesty so sensitive, and a courtesy so 
 invariable, that neither the one nor the other 
 could ever be found wanting. The picture 
 of his personal friendships, and of one 
 preeminently with another public-spirited 
 fellow-citizen whom we all love and honor, 
 and whose absence from this occasion is one 
 common grief — could there have been any- 
 thing more charming and engaging than 
 this ? Ah ! how could we help loving him ? 
 nay, how steadfastly we love him still ! 
 
 And so I am here this afternoon to lay 
 this wreath, not so much of laurel as of 
 violets, upon his new-made grave. Do I 
 
 60 
 
hear some one say that the act is not un- 
 fitting, but that he who has been charged 
 with it is none the less an intruder ? Do I 
 hear some one say, " This was our friend and 
 helper and son — a native of our city, ' no 
 mean city,' as he himself justly and proudly 
 accounted it, all his life long ? " Do I hear 
 some other say, " There was no need to im- 
 port into this occasion a strange voice and 
 presence to speak the eulogy that belonged 
 to the hour, when we have teachers and 
 orators of our own, at once more gifted and 
 more esteemed ? " Believe me, no one among 
 you can feel all this more keenly than I do. 
 But when you claim for our dead friend 
 that he was yours alone, then, verily, I 
 must take issue with you. We have all our 
 municipal, as we have our national, rival- 
 ries and jealousies. Boston girds at New 
 York. New York indulges in its well-worn 
 
 61 
 
jests at the expense of Philadelphia ; and 
 Chicago, in her vesture of new and resplen- 
 dent triumph, cherishes a fine and somewhat 
 contemptuous condescension for all of us. 
 But when Chicago, confronted by a colossal 
 enterprise, challenged by tremendous diffi- 
 culties, staggered by overwhelming and 
 utterly unexpected perplexities, rises steadily 
 and unfalteringly to her great task, and ac- 
 complishes it at last with matchless and 
 superb success, then no petty rivalries can 
 withhold us, nor any alien interests restrain 
 us from lifting our proud and grateful shout 
 of praise and honor to her, our sister, who 
 has done so well and nobly. And so here, 
 and to-day. 
 
 Our brother, whom we are here to recall, 
 did not belong alone to you. Great as 
 Philadelphia is — and if I forget the city of 
 my boyhood and my youth, may my tongue 
 
 62 
 
cleave to the roof of my mouth — he was too 
 great for that. Such a man as he is the 
 property of his fellow-countrymen, and that 
 not alone because his business interests were 
 almost as much identified with us of New 
 York as with you of Pennsylvania ; not 
 alone because it was our happy privilege to 
 enjoy his friendship and some measure of his 
 confidence and regard as well as you; not 
 alone because he was associated with men, 
 and with one especially,* who has done for 
 the city in which I live very much what Mr. 
 Drexel has done for yours, — but because, 
 most of all, he was the fine fruitage of our 
 best American manhood, and of the ideas 
 which made the founders of this nation 
 great ; because of this it is that we are all 
 here, you and I and men and women of many 
 communities and widely various interests, to 
 
 * J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq. 
 63 
 
thank God that he lived and to bless His 
 goodness, whose reverent and faithful dis- 
 ciple he was through a long and consistent 
 career, that he conceived, that he planned, 
 that he wrought, that he gave — best of all, 
 that in his modest and beautiful manhood 
 he was. 
 
 These are times of tremendous financial 
 shrinkage, we are told. I will not harass 
 your minds with an arithmetical statement 
 of its proportions, with which most of us, I 
 apprehend, are keenly and painfully familiar. 
 But, whatever else has shrunk, the stately 
 and noble proportions of this Institute have 
 not shrunken a hair ! It is an impressive 
 and significant illustration as to the best 
 place for a sound and enduring investment, 
 and most of all is it an illustration no less 
 significant and impressive of the name and 
 the fame of him whom to-day we recall. 
 
 64 
 
That, whatever else may be forgotten here, 
 will, I venture to predict, survive and en- 
 dure. The young feet that turn hither to 
 push wider open the gates of helpful knowl- 
 edge will linger as they pass through yonder 
 hall to look upon the portrait of the man 
 who put all this munificence of many-sided 
 culture within their reach, and, as they catch 
 the firm, serene, and benignant expression 
 that shines forth from it, will bless God with 
 us and with all men everywhere who knew 
 him that Anthony J. Drexel lived — nay that, 
 though he rests from his labors, he still lives 
 — even as " his works do follow him." 
 
 ;9) 65 
 
BENEDICTION 
 
 BY THE RT. EEV. OZI WILLIAM WHITAKER, D.D. 
 
 The God of peace, that brought again 
 from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great 
 Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of 
 the everlasting covenant, make us perfect in 
 every good work to do His will, working in 
 us that which is well pleasing in His sight, 
 through Jesus Christ, to "Whom be glory 
 for ever and ever. Amen. 
 
 CO 
 
gippentrix 
 
 Containing a general statement oe 
 the several departments oe the 
 Institute, as at present consti- 
 tuted, February, 1896. 
 
BUILDINGS. 
 
 The Drexel Institute was founded in 
 1891 for the promotion of education in art, 
 science, and industry. The chief object of 
 the Institute is the extension and improve- 
 ment of industrial education as a means of 
 opening better and wider avenues of em- 
 ployment to young men and women. In 
 accordance with the founder's desire, how- 
 ever, the plan of organization has been made 
 comprehensive, providing liberal means of 
 culture for the masses by means of lectures, 
 evening classes, library, and museum. 
 
 Architecturally and with respect to its ap- 
 pointments, the building is one of the finest 
 
 69 
 
devoted to educational purposes in this 
 country. On the first floor, opening from 
 the Entrance-hall, are the Central Court 
 (the chief architectural feature of the build- 
 ing), the Auditorium, the Science Lecture- 
 room, the Library and Reading-room, and 
 the Museum. The Auditorium, or Assem- 
 bly-room, is a spacious hall capable of seat- 
 ing fifteen hundred persons, and is furnished 
 with a grand organ. The Science Lecture- 
 hall has chairs for three hundred students, 
 and is equipped with every appliance neces- 
 sary for scientific instruction. The Library 
 and Reading-room is a fine apartment, one 
 hundred and twenty feet long by sixty feet 
 wide. The Library already contains eigh- 
 teen thousand volumes, about three thou- 
 sand of which are valuable and important 
 works in art, science, and technology. The 
 Reading-room is supplied with over one 
 
 70 
 
hundred and fifty periodicals relating- to 
 the various departments of literature, art, 
 science, and technology. The Museum con- 
 tains large and important collections in tex- 
 tile fabrics, embroideries, ceramics, carvings 
 in ivory and wood, and metal-work, all of 
 which were given or bequeathed by the 
 founder, or presented as memorials by mem- 
 bers of his family, and by friends interested 
 in his benefaction ; the valuable collection of 
 Egyptian Antiquities presented by Col. A. 
 J. Drexel, and a collection of paintings by 
 some of the first masters, bequeathed to 
 the Institute by Mr. Drexel. On the second 
 and third floors, opening from the galleries 
 which surround the Central Court, on the 
 fourth floor, and in the basement are the 
 smaller lecture-rooms, classrooms, labor- 
 atories, studios, and workshops, numbering 
 fifty-four in all, besides the coat-rooms and 
 
 71 
 
lavatories. The Gymnasium, occupying the 
 fourth story in the front of the building, is 
 a large, well-ventilated room supplied with 
 dressing-rooms and bath-rooms. The build- 
 ing has its own steam, mechanical, and elec- 
 trical plant. Great attention has been paid 
 to *the heating and ventilation of the build- 
 ing, and it is lighted throughout by elec- 
 tricity. For the latter purpose, twenty-five 
 hundred incandescent lamps are required. 
 
 The rapid growth of the Institute has 
 rendered necessary the acquisition of outside 
 accommodations for several of the important 
 lines of work. These have been generously 
 provided by Mr. James ~W. Paul, Jr., and 
 the trustees of the Drexel Estate, as 
 follows : 
 
 Annex No. I. A building on Chestnut 
 Street, immediately east of the Institute 
 building, which has been remodeled and 
 
 72 
 
enlarged so as to furnish classrooms and 
 studios for the course in architecture, and a 
 laboratory for advanced work in chemistry — 
 thirteen rooms in all. 
 
 Annex No. II A row of houses on 
 Thirty-second Street, opposite the Institute 
 building, in which fifteen rooms have been 
 fitted lip as laboratories and classrooms for 
 electrical and mechanical engineering and 
 physics. 
 
 In the latter Annex, accommodations for 
 a Restaurant for the Students, managed by 
 the Director of the Courses in Domestic 
 Science, have been provided. 
 
 (10) 73 
 
ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The Institute, as at present constituted, 
 comprises eleven departments, as follows : 
 I. Department of Fine and Applied 
 
 Art. 
 II. Department of Mechanic Arts. 
 III. Department of Science and Tech- 
 nology. 
 IV- Department of Commerce and Fi- 
 nance. 
 V. Department of Domestic Science and 
 Arts. 
 VI. Department of Physical Training. 
 VII. Normal Department for the Training 
 of Special Teachers. 
 VIII. Department of Evening Classes. 
 
 74 
 
IX. Department of Free Public Lectures 
 and Concerts. 
 X. Library Department. 
 XI. Musenm Department. 
 
 While each department is organized with 
 reference to its special objects and courses 
 of instruction, it sustains important relations 
 to the other departments, and the various 
 lines of work are carried on in so broad a 
 spirit as to give a certain unity of purpose 
 to the scope and ends of the institution as a 
 whole. 
 
 The officers of administration and instruc- 
 tion number seventy-five. 
 
 During the year 1895-96, the various de- 
 partments of the Institute were attended by 
 more than twenty-seven hundred students. 
 The total attendance at the free public 
 lectures and concerts was over thirty-five 
 thousand. 
 
 75 
 
DEPARTMENT OF FINE AND APPLIED AET. 
 
 I. Fine Art. 
 
 1. A Systematic Course, of four years, in 
 Drawing (Elementary and Antique), Paint- 
 ing (Water-color and Oil), Perspective, 
 Modeling, Life, History of Art, etc. 
 
 2. Special Courses in any of the preceding 
 branches. 
 
 3. Illustration. Classes in Illustration, 
 conducted by the eminent illustrator, Mr. 
 Howard Pyle. The instruction embraces 
 Technique, Principles, Composition, etc. 
 The classes meet on Saturday, morning 
 and afternoon, to enable persons occupied 
 during the rest of the week to attend. 
 
 II. Applied Art. 
 
 1. Architecture. 1. A Systematic Course, 
 of two years, embracing Mathematics, 
 Architectural Drawing and Design, Historic 
 
 76 
 
Ornament, Architectural Styles, Building 
 Construction, Strength of Materials, Work- 
 ing Drawings, Specifications, Building Laws, 
 Pen and Ink Rendering, Water-color Ren- 
 dering. 2. Special Courses to suit the 
 needs of individual students. 
 
 2. Design and Decoration. 1. A System- 
 atic Course, of three years, in Drawing ; 
 Water-color; Historic Ornament; Princi- 
 ples of Design ; Application of Design to 
 decoration, wall-paper, textiles, woodwork, 
 metal-work, furniture, etc. 2. Special Courses 
 to suit the needs of individual students. 
 
 3. Wood -Carving. Ornament; original 
 designs for panels ; carved enrichments for 
 furniture ; frames ; architectural decoration. 
 
 4. Interior Decoration. Designs for wall 
 decoration ; fresco-painting. 
 
 5. Stained Glass. Designing and prac- 
 tical work. 
 
 77 
 
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANIC ARTS. 
 
 A Systematic Course, of three years, 
 in English, Mathematics, Drawing (Mechan- 
 ical and Free-hand), Science (Physics and 
 Chemistry), Shop-work in Wood and Iron, 
 Machine- work, in connection with the essen- 
 tial English branches of a secondary educa- 
 tion. 
 
 The whole course of instruction is so broad 
 and yet so practical that the graduate cannot 
 fail to find some occupation for which his 
 taste and aptitude fit him, and at the same 
 time he will be prepared for such an advanced 
 scientific or technical course as he may desire 
 to pursue. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OP SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 
 
 I. Systematic Courses in Mathemat- 
 ics, Chemistry, Physics, Physiology and 
 
 78 
 
Hygiene. In the courses in Chemistry and 
 Physics, the larger portion of the time is 
 given to laboratory work. 
 
 II. Mechanical Drawing. A two 
 years' course for the training of mechanical 
 draftsmen, including Drawing and Mathe- 
 matics, with Shop-work in Wood and Iron 
 for the purpose of familiarizing the student 
 with the practical applications of drafting. 
 
 III. Machine Construction. A Sys- 
 tematic Course, of two years, in Mathemat- 
 ics, Mechanical and Free-hand Drawing, 
 Shop-work in Wood and Iron, Machine Con- 
 struction, Theory and Practice of the Steam 
 Engine. During the second year, the larger 
 portion of the time is devoted to work in the 
 Machine Shop. 
 
 IT". Electrical Engineering. A Sys- 
 tematic Course, of two years, embracing 
 Theory of Currents and Current Distribu- 
 
 79 
 
tion, Magnets, Magnetic Induction and Per- 
 meability of Iron, Dynamos and Motors, 
 Alternating Currents, Telegraph and Tele- 
 phone, Power and Light Distribution ; prac- 
 tical training in the Engineering Laboratory 
 and in connection with the extensive plant 
 of the Institute. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE. 
 
 I. Commercial Course, extending 
 through two years, in English, Commercial 
 Arithmetic, Penmanship, Accounts, Book- 
 keeping, Commercial Law, Commercial 
 Geography, History of Commerce, Civics, 
 etc. 
 
 Shorter Special Courses to suit the needs 
 of individual students. 
 
 II. Course in Stenography and Type- 
 writing, including English and Civics. 
 One year. 
 
III. Normal Course for the training of 
 Teachers of Business. Two years. 
 
 S3 
 
 DEPARTMENT OP DOMESTIC SCIENCE AND ARTS. 
 
 I. Domestic Science Courses. 
 
 1. Junior Course, of two years, consisting 
 of required and elective studies. 
 
 2. Special Courses or Group Courses, to 
 suit the needs of individual students. 
 
 These courses are intended to provide 
 thorough instruction and training in which 
 the affairs of the househould occupy a prom- 
 inent place. While the objects sought are 
 to a considerable extent practical, in the best 
 sense of that term, the courses of study, 
 whether regular or special, aim to widen the 
 culture of young women in directions that 
 have been heretofore neglected in their 
 general education. The scope and pur- 
 pose of the instruction naturally lead to the 
 
 (11) 81 
 
development of those qualities of mind and 
 character that are of chief importance in 
 the conduct of life. 
 
 The education given in these courses 
 affords a broad preparation for the manage- 
 ment of the household and for business, in- 
 dustrial, or professional pursuits. 
 
 II. Coukses in Household Economics. 
 These courses are both general and pro- 
 fessional in character. The special object 
 of each is sufficiently indicated by its title. 
 All the instruction in cookery is thoroughly 
 scientific as well as practical in its 
 methods and results. 
 
 1. Courses in General Cookery. Three 
 successive courses, each occupying one term. 
 Students enter for one term at a time. 
 
 2. Course in Invalid Cookery. 
 
 3. Housekeepers' Course. 
 
 4. CIiildren , s Saturday Morning Class. 
 
 82 
 
5. Normal Course for the training of 
 Teachers of Domestic Science, including, 
 besides the theoretical and practical train- 
 ing in Cookery : instruction in Household 
 Economy, Chemistry (lectures and labora- 
 tory work), Physics (lectures and labora- 
 tory work), Physiology and Hygiene, Bac- 
 teriology (lectures and laboratory work), 
 Economics, Physical Training, Theory and 
 Practice of Teaching. Two years. 
 
 III. Dressmaking Courses. Three suc- 
 cessive technical courses, each course occu- 
 pying one term, with the auxiliary branches : 
 Drawing and Color Study for the designing 
 of dresses ; Business Forms and Accounts. 
 Students enter for one term at a time. 
 
 IV. MiLLnsTEKT Courses. Three suc- 
 cessive technical courses, each course occu- 
 pying one term, with the auxiliary branches : 
 Drawing and Water-color adapted to the 
 
 83 
 
designing of hats ; Business Forms and 
 Accounts. Students enter for one term at a 
 time. 
 
 Y. Special Professional Courses in 
 Dressmaking and Millinery in which the 
 work, by giving more time per week to it, 
 is accomplished in one year. 
 
 VI. Normal Course in the Domestic 
 Arts for the training of teachers of Dress- 
 making and Millinery, including additional 
 studies and occupying one or two years 
 in accordance with the attainments of the 
 students on entering the classes. 
 
 department of physical training. 
 
 I. Regular Course for students belong- 
 ing to the academic departments of the In- 
 stitute. 
 
 II. Courses eor Special Students. 
 Gymnastic training twice a week. A course 
 
 84 
 
of lectures in Physiology and Hygiene is 
 given in connection with the special courses. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF EVENING CLASSES. 
 
 From October to March, inclusive, Even- 
 ing Classes are open in all the Departments. 
 These classes are so arranged that a student 
 can pursue a systematic course of study, 
 extending over several sessions and leading 
 to a diploma. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC, PUBLIC LECTURES, AND 
 ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 I. Choral Music. Evening Classes for 
 beginners and advanced students. "Weekly, 
 from October to March, inclusive. The in- 
 struction in the Choral Classes is free, but 
 each student pays one dollar annually for 
 registration. 
 
 II. Drexel Chorus for the cultivation 
 
 85 
 
of advanced choral and oratorio music. 
 Weekly meetings during the winter. The 
 annual registration fee is two dollars. 
 
 III. Free Public Concerts. Chiefly 
 organ recitals. Weekly, during the winter 
 months. 
 
 IV. Free Courses of Public Lectures 
 in Art, Science, Technology, etc., during the 
 winter months. 
 
 LIBRARY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 I. Library' and Eeading-Eoom. The 
 Library contains eighteen thousand vol- 
 umes, the larger portion of which were pre- 
 sented by Mr. Drexel before his death. 
 One of the precious possessions of the 
 Library is the extensive collection of rare 
 and valuable manuscripts presented by his 
 friend, the late George W. Childs, soon 
 after the Institute was dedicated. The 
 
Library and Reading-room are open daily 
 to the public free, as well as to the stu- 
 dents, from 9 a.m to 6 p.m ; from October 
 to March, inclusive, 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. ; Sat- 
 urdays till 6 p.m. 
 
 II. Library Class, for the training of 
 Library Assistants : embracing instruction 
 in Cataloguing, Library Economy, History 
 of Literature, Bibliography, History of 
 Books and Printing, Proof-reading, etc. 
 
 MUSEUM DEPAETMENT. 
 
 The Collections in the Industrial Arts, 
 Paintings, etc., are open daily to the public 
 free, as well as to the students, from 9 a.m. 
 to 6 p.m. ; from October to March, inclusive, 
 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. ; Saturdays till 6 p.m. 
 
 Extensive use is made of the Museum 
 collections, in connection with the instruc- 
 tion in all the departments of the Institute. 
 
 87 
 
FEES. 
 
 The endowment of the Institute is wholly 
 applied in maintaining the instruction. The 
 fees are therefore extremely moderate or 
 merely nominal ; but the requirements made 
 of students for admission to the several 
 Departments prevent the waste that might 
 otherwise arise. The aggregate of the fees 
 received is of but little account as revenue. 
 There is a number of Free Scholarships for 
 deserving students. 
 
 SPECIAL INFOKMATION. 
 
 A General Circular, and special circulars 
 of the several Departments are issued, 
 giving full details of the courses of instruc- 
 tion, requirements for admission, fees, etc., 
 etc. 
 

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