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 Cornell University Library 
 PR2199.E43 1881 
 
 Elizabethan England in gentle and simple 
 
 3 1924 013 117 035 
 
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 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013117035 
 
ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND 
 
 IN 
 
 GENTLE AND SIMPLE LIFE. 
 
 BEING 
 
 L England's address to her Three Daughters, 
 the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, 
 and Lincoln's Inn : from Polimanteia, 1595. 
 
 n. A Quest of Enquirie by Women to know 
 whether the Tripe-woman was trimmed, 
 
 1595- 
 
 EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. ALEXANDER B. GROSART, LL.D., F.S.A., 
 
 St. George's, Blackburn, Lancashire. 
 
 Sixty-two Copies only. 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE SUBSCRIBERS. 
 1881. 
 
 S-V, 
 
Printed bv Charles E. Sibihs, 
 Manchester. 
 
THE FIFTY SUBSCRIBERS, 
 
 (Alphabetically arranged. ) 
 
 1. H. F. Bailey, Esq., London. 
 
 2. The Bodleian Library, Oxford. 
 
 3. The Public Library, Boston, U.S.A. 
 
 4. Henry Bradshaw, Esq., M. A., University Libraiy, Cambridge. 
 
 5. The British Museum, London. 
 
 6. H. T. Hamilton-Bruce, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 7. Rev. W. E. Buckley, M'.A., Middleton Cheney, Banbury. 
 
 8. The Most Honourable the Marquis of Bute, London. 
 
 9. J. H. Chamberlain, Esq., Birmingham. 
 
 10. Andrew Chatto, Esq., London. 
 
 11. Thomas Chorlton, Esq., Manchester. 
 
 12. The Lord Chief Justice of England. 
 
 13. F. W. CosENS, Esq., F.S.A., London. 
 
 14. James Crossley, Esq., F.S.A., Manchester. 
 
 15. The Right Honourable the Earl of Derby, Knowsley. 
 
 16. His Grace the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 17. Rev. J. W. Ebsworth, M.A., F.S.A., Molash Vicarage. 
 
 18. G. H. Elt, Esq., London. 
 
 19. F. F. Fox, Esq., Madeley House, Clifton. 
 
 20. H. H. Furness, Esq., Philadelphia, U.S.A. 
 
 21. H. H. Gibbs, Esq., London. 
 
 22. Edmund W. Gosse, Esq., London. 
 
 23. Rev. Dr. Grosart (Editor). 
 
 24. Benjamin Haynes, Esq., Clevedon. 
 
 25. Dr. Ingleby, Valentines, Ilford. 
 
 26. Richard Johnson, Esq., Chislehurst. 
 
 27. John Kershaw, Esq., London. 
 
 28. F. De Mussenden Leathes, Esq., London. 
 
 29. J. M. Mackenzie, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 30. T. A. Middleton, Esq., London. 
 
 31. Professor Morley, London. 
 
 32. John Morison, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 33. Samuel Neil, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 34. Rev. W. L. Nichols, M.A., Woodlands by Bridge water. 
 
 35. Dr. Brinsley Nicholson, London. 
 
 36. Cornelius Paine, Esq., Brighton. 
 
 37. F. T. Palgrave, Esq., LL.D., London. 
 
 38. Peabody Institute, Baltimore, M'd., U.S.A. 
 
 39. The Most Hon. the Marquis of Ripon, Studley Royal. 
 
 40. George Saintsbury, Esq., London. 
 
 41. Rev. Dr. Salisbury, Thundersley Rectory, Rayleigh. 
 
 42. Rev. Dr. R. S. Scott, Glasgow. 
 
 43. A. G. Snelgrove, Esq., London. 
 
 44. A. C. Swinburne, Esq., London. 
 
 45. J. M. Thomson, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 46. Charles Walton, Esq., London. 
 
 47. R. S. Watson, Esq., Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
 
 48. John Weston, Northwich. 
 
 49. G. H. White, Esq., Glenthome, Torquay. 
 
 50. William Wilson, Esq., Berwick-on-Tweed. 
 
 This is to certify that the impression of " Polimanteia," has 
 been rigidly limited to Sixty-two Copies — fifty as above, and 
 twelve Editor's copies. This is No. J7__ . . . Proof-sheets and 
 waste pages have been destroyed. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. England's address to her Three Daughters 
 1 595- (See full title on page i.) 
 
 THERE is no name on the title-page of Polimanteia — 
 whence England's address to her Three Daughters 
 is fetched — and only the initials ' W. C appended to the 
 Epistle-dedicatory to the Earl of Essex. Mr. W. C. Hazlitt 
 {Hand-Book, s.n.) has ascribed the book to a WILLIAM 
 Clarke, without authority as without any elucidation or 
 explanation. Thomson, in the A thence Cantabrigiensis, s.n., 
 gives the name as WILLIAM Clerke — with these details — 
 "matriculated as a sizar of Trinity College in June 1575 : 
 became a scholar of that house and 1578-9 proceeded B.A. 
 He was soon afterwards elected a fellow and in 1582 com- 
 menced M.A." He adds — " He is the supposed author of 
 
 The Trial] of Bastardie : that part of the second Part of Policie or manner 
 of Government of the Realme of England : so termed, Spirituall, or 
 Ecclesiasticall. Annexed at the end of this Treatise, touching the 
 prohibition of Maniage, a Table of the Leviticall, English, and Posi- 
 tive Canon Catalogues, their concordance and difference. London, 
 4to, 1584. Dedicated to Robert Redmayn, doctor of law, judge- 
 delegate and commissary (for the vacancy of the see) within the city 
 and diocese of Norwich. " 
 
 Then follows the title-page of Polimanteia. It will be ob- 
 served that neither does the AthencB Cantab, adduce autho- 
 rity for tlie assignation of either Triall of Bastardie or of 
 Polimanteia to William Clerke. Its compiler — who was 
 most painstaking and careful — probably simply accepted 
 the entry in Dr. Bliss's Sale-catalogue, vol. i. p. "jj. I — for 
 one — wish more were known of this William Clerke and 
 his authorship of these two noticeable books. I have not 
 had opportunity of seeing the Triall of Bastardie. Prob- 
 
 B 
 
vi Introduction. 
 
 ably the terms of the dedication to Redmayn of Norwich 
 point to some connection of the Writer with Norwich. But 
 for the present at least W. C. and even William Gierke is 
 but nominis umbra. It is clear that he was supremely 
 'taken' by the great Earl of Essex. Few tributes even 
 to him give one a deeper sense of the hold he had on 
 contemporary Englishmen than Polimanteia's Epistle- 
 dedicatory. 
 
 That which alone has been a "preserving salt for Poli- 
 manteia is the author's evident familiarity with his most 
 illustrious contemporaries. Thomson (as before) commits 
 the usual error of saying that England's Address contains 
 "the earliest known publication in which onr immortal 
 dramatist is alluded to by name." Dr. Ingleby's Century 
 has shown this to be a mistake. None the less is the allu- 
 sion to Shakespeare right memorable and noteworthy. In 
 1595, spite of Tittis Andronicus: King Henry VI., pt i. : 
 The Two Gentlemen of Verona : The Comedy of Errors : 
 Venus and Adonis : King Henry VI., pt. ii. : Loves' s 
 Labotir's Lost: Romeo and Juliet : Sonnets: King Henry 
 VI, pt. iii. : Lucrece: The Taming of the Shrew: King 
 Richard HI. : The Merchant of Venice, and A Midsummer- 
 Night's Dream, he was mainly known as "sweet Shake- 
 speare," save that Lucrece is designated (as I read the 
 margin-note) " All praise worthy Lucrecia," (p. 44.) My 
 conception is that 'sweet,' like the charming traditional 
 ■gentle,' Avas meant to characterize the man rather than 
 the Poet (or Dramatist). If so — then the further margin- 
 note (p. 45) 'Wanton Adonis. Watfons heyre' was 
 intended not for Venus and Adonis and Shakespeare 
 as 'Watfons heyre,' but rather Richard Barnfield was 
 ' Watson's heyre,' and his Cynthia, published also in 1595, 
 the suggester of 'Wanton Adonis'— both Venus and 
 Adonis occurring and recurring in it, and indeed in most 
 of his longer poems. But as noted in the places, • sweet ' is 
 used very uncritically by W. C, throughout. 
 
Introduction. vii 
 
 Our Notes and Illustrations — appended at close of the 
 volume — will guide to other tid-bits of names and allusions 
 and specially to the most noticeable appeal to Nash and 
 Harvey (pp. 39-40) ; and so here I would only remark 
 generally that in \}sAs, England' s Address ^\^ be found — 
 as put into our title-page — glimpses of ' Elizabethan 
 England' in "gentle life' or among the well-born and 
 cultured of the Universities and Inns of Court. As such, 
 it ought long since to have been recalled to access and 
 memory. For more on details I must refer the student- 
 reader to Notes and Illustrations, as just intimated. 
 
 Kindred with England's Address, though some years 
 earlier, viz., 1587, is the following extremely rare book : 
 
 SIVQILA. 
 
 Too Good, to be trve : 
 
 OMEN. 
 
 Though fo at a vnve, 
 Yet all that I tolde you. 
 Is true, I vpholdeyou: 
 Now ceafe to aske tvhy ? 
 For I can not lye. 
 
 Herein is fhewed by way of Dialogue, 
 
 the wonderfull maners of the people of 
 
 Mauqfun, with other taike 
 
 not friuolous. 
 
 Scene and allowed according to the 
 order appointed. 
 
 Imprinted at London by Abel leffs, 
 
 dwelling in the fore ftreet without Creplegate 
 
 at the figne of the Bell. 
 
 1587. 
 
 As this work seems to be utterly unknown even to Biblio- 
 graphers, it is thought expedient to make full quotations 
 from it, commencing with the Epistle-dedicatory to Hatton 
 and so going forward, as follows : 
 
viii Introductioi>. 
 
 To the Right Honorable, Sir Chriftopher Hatton, Knight, 
 Capteine of hir Maiefties Garde, Vicechamberlaine to 
 hir highneffe, and one of hir Maiefties moft honourable 
 priuy Counfaile. 
 
 Although I can not (right Honourable) procure my Countries commoditie as 
 I would, for that my power is not to my pretence, my might to my meaning, 
 nor my ability to my induftry : yet I can not choofe but vtter my good will, in 
 ihewing what I wiflie to the fame. But becaiife I would not be thought to 
 counfell others, that haue more neede my felfe to be thought to fet foorth 
 orders for others that ought rather to be guided : & to direa others that am 
 more meete to be led : therefore what I haue written to that end, is none other 
 thing than that v/hich now is obeied, & moll diligently followed throughout 
 that moft ciuil countrey called Mauqfun. The like thereof is not elfewhere fo 
 uniuerfally praftifed. And though the things thereof written, wil be hardly 
 credited (but more faintly followed) for that they are fo rare and ftrange, and 
 in fuch an vnknowne place : yet they are not to be reiecRed as falfe, confidering 
 it is harder for the reporter thereof to tell a lye, than for a common lyar to tell 
 a true tale, which mufl ueedes be granted, if his name called Omen, and tlie 
 name of his Countrey called Mauqfun, (before mentioned) be aJuifedly marked 
 and confidered, efpecially i conusrfo conflrued. And now, for that the mar- 
 uellous maners, the honeft behauiour, the failhfull frlendlliip, the courteous con- 
 ditions, the commendable cuilomes, the piaine m.eaning and true dealing, the 
 Lordes liberalitie, the Ladies great courtefie, the hufbands fidelitie, the wiues 
 obedience, the maydens modeftie, the mafters fobrietie, the feniants diligence, 
 the Magiftrates aSabilitie, the ludges equitie, the commons amitie, the pre- 
 ferring of publique commoditie, the general! hofpitalitie, the exceeding mercie, 
 the wonderfuU charitie, and the conflant Chriftianitie of that Countrey is luch : 
 I hope the honeft affedtioned will hereby take no fmall pleafure and profite. 
 Not ignorant, that there are not a fevr-o ot another fecle, that loath they ought 
 to loue : dildaine they ought to dcfirc : fleerc at that they ought rather to 
 fauour : and diicommende that they cannot amend. Which if euery Vv'riter 
 fcould haue weyed, many good things had lycn hid, that nowe are vttcred : 
 great knowledge would haue bene kept clofe, that now is dilcoucrcd : and 
 many profitable things vnknowen, that nowe is pradlifed. And therefore, as 
 they refpecled rather to pieafure lome honeftiy, than to pleafure many foolilhly : 
 fo I meane hereby rather to content the well minded with things commendable, 
 than to flatter fooles with vnnecefiarie matter. Trufting your Honour will 
 rather weigh my good will and zeale, than my rude rafunefle : in that I prelume 
 to prefente vnto you fuch a fimple gift. Comforted herewith, that feeing the 
 Peruan Prince was content to accept a poore mans handful! of water (which 
 
Introduction. ix 
 
 had no better thing to giue him) I hope your Honour will take in good part 
 this handfull of paper, not without fomething in it, which is the beft thing nowe 
 I am able to giue you. And though this is not the firfl booke that hath bene 
 dedicated vnto you : yet your Honour is the iirft man to whome I haue dedi- 
 cated any. Whole wiTdome hath willed me, whofe modeftie hath moued me, 
 whofe clemecie hath encouraged me, whofe loue to learning hath allured me, 
 and whofe common commendations hath enticed me to ofT^r it vnto you. 
 Thinking my felfe happily recompeft, if you receiue it but halfe as thankfully 
 aud willingly. Thus omitting any further herein to trouble your Honour, de- 
 fires God eameftly to guide you in goodnefle, to defenda you from dangers, to 
 fence you from foes, to lende you long Ufe, and to bring you to blifle. 
 
 Your Honors moft obedient 
 to commande. 
 
 THOMAS LVPTON. 
 
 J*^ The Preface to the Reader. 
 
 As I haue pubiifned this (gentle Reader) to pleasure and prcfitc many, fo I with 
 the meaning thereof not to be hidde from any, which though I have defcribed at 
 large in my former Epistle, yet for that I thinke many v.'ill not reade the fame 
 (as I wifh they would, ) hert;in I ha ve djfplayed the eftate and difcourfe thereof, which 
 is, that one SIVQILA, a man that liued godly, loued honeftie, and efteemed 
 equitie, v/as lo weai ie witli the wickeunelTc, nauglitineffe, fafehcde, and other great 
 enormities of his owne Countrie, that he trauclied to fiiide out a Countrie and 
 people that were agreeable to his owue affection. Who, at the lad, when he had 
 trauelled thorowout the whole workle, as he thought, chanced to meete with one 
 whose name was CAIiiN, dwelling in aCountrey there called Mavqsvn : wherein, 
 as he faid, generally be fuch bleffod Bilhops, fuch perfect Preachers, fuch vertuous 
 Minifters, fuch godly Gouernours, fuch mercifall Magiftrates, fuch iuft fudges, fuch 
 worthy Laws, fuch charitable Lawyers, fuch honefl Attorneis, fuch pitifull Phyfi- 
 tians, fuch friendly Surgeons, fuch liberaJl Lordes, fuch lowlie Ladies, fuch gentle 
 Gentlemen, fuch loving Kuibandes, fuch obedient Wiues, fuch humble Children, 
 fuch modeft Maydes, fuch Seruants, fuch good and plaine Dealing, fuch Ho^pi- 
 talitie, fuch wonderful! Charitie, fuch practizing of Godlihefle, and fuch flriuing 
 to Doe well, that the fame SIVQILA did wonder at it, faying. It is Too 
 Good To Be True : whereof this Booke hath his title, which if the Difcourfe 
 thereof be well marked, I doubt not but that it will like the Godlie, pleafe the 
 Honefl, and warne the Wicked. And therefore, as I have taken long paynes 
 in framing it, fo I befeech thee take a little paynes to reade it thorowly, which 
 is all that I wifli. And thus I end. 
 
 THOMAS LVPTON. 
 
X Introduction. 
 
 Turning back on the title-page and these Epistles of this 
 hitherto overlooked book of the class of SiR THOMAS 
 More'S Utopia and Bacon's ^ //awto and Bishop Hall's Mttn- 
 dus, it is to be noted that Omen is = Nemo, i.e., nobody, and 
 Mauqfvn = Nusquam, i.e., nowhere, while the ' Countrey ' 
 that Sivqila finds too evil to stay in is shown early to be 
 England, as will be seen immediately. 
 
 The whole drift of the Author, accordingly, is to picture 
 an 'ideal' Country in contrast with the degenerate and 
 wicked ' Anglia ' of the period. This he does by putting 
 into the mouth of Sivqila successive questions to Omen 
 on the various persons and things named in the ' Preface to 
 the Reader,' with the invariable result that whatever hap- 
 pens to be mentioned is ' perfect ' in ' Mavqfvn ' and evil in 
 'Ailgna,' save that now and again exceptions are made of 
 good individuals in the several classes. The ' dialogue ' is 
 ' slow ' and the narrative extremely tedious and the illustra- 
 tive 'stories' spun out long after the material is exhausted. 
 Nevertheless there are capital hits at the ' besetting sins ' of 
 this early Elizabethan period. ' Sivqila ' found out that he 
 could not possibly be admitted into 'Mavqfvn,' but Omen 
 was willing to answer all his enquiries ; and so the ' Dia- 
 logue ' proceeds. 
 
 The book thus opens : " Omen. I meruaile what fellowe 
 this is that commes towards me thus fpeedily : he thinkes 
 belike to haue fome fuccour here, but he is much deceiued, 
 for wee neuer goe to trouble any : neither anie fhal trouble 
 vs. What art thou firra > what is thy name 1 from whence 
 doeft thou come .? and what wouldeft thou haue } Siuqila. 
 
 fir, I am come from the furthefb parts of the worlde I 
 thinke, there is no place nor Countrey but I haue bin in it 
 
 1 beleue, (except this where your dwel) : my name is Siuqila, 
 a finner I confeffe, but one that feares God, loues his worde, 
 eftemes equitie, and abhors wickednes : my chiefe defire is 
 to finde out a Countrey and people, as are altogether affec- 
 tioned as I am. Omen. You may goe round about the 
 
Introduction. xi 
 
 whole worlde, and thorowe and thorowe it againe, ere you 
 flial find the leaft village (much leffe a whole Countrey) of 
 fuch as you name your felfe to be : I pray you of what 
 Countrey are you ? Siuqila. Forfooth I was borne in a 
 famous and moft fertile Iland called Ailgna. Omen. If I 
 doe not miftake it, there are fome of your Countreme, that 
 would haue rapt out halfe a dozen oathes, in a great deale 
 leffe talke then you haue vttered. Siuqila. That is true, 
 God amend it, which vice with manie other, too commonlie 
 frequented, was the chiefe occafion of my comming from 
 thence." Siuqila tells how 'abused' and disappointed he 
 had been in his vain 'trauels,' but on Omen's describing 
 generally his ' Mavqfvn,' he exclaims — 'Wei, though my 
 trauaile hath bene troublefome, paineful and dangerous, 
 yet I repent not my iorney : for now I hope I haue found 
 the place that will pleafe me : I pray you let vs make haft, 
 I think long vntil I be in it." To this — as already inti- 
 mated — there is a dead refusal, as thus : 
 
 Omen. You were beft to knowe firfl, whether you dial bee welcome thether 
 or not. 
 
 Siuqila. I truft I fhal behaue my felfe in fuch order, that none ftial miflike me. 
 
 Omen. Wei, to be plaine, you cannot come there, for wee keep none but fuch 
 as are borne and bred in our own Countrey, therefore no Straunger 
 can dwell with us, for if they fliould, we (hould rather leame their vices 
 then they foUowe our vertues. 
 
 Siuqila. As you are to be praifcd for keeping away the wicked, fo are you to 
 to be mifliked for refufmg the godhe : for you could leame of them no 
 harme, but goodneffe. 
 
 Omen, Speake better then we they may, but offend fo little as wee they can- 
 not. And yet if we fhould receiue any beeing neuer fo godly and 
 honeft : would all the brood they breed be fo godly as they ? no, not 
 fo, for the godlieft fathers in the old time, have had godleife childi-en. 
 
 Siuqila. I cannot denie that : but if you would be fo good vnto me, as to 
 fuffer me a while to remaine in your Countrey, I would (by God's help) 
 hue in fuch order, that I wold not encreafe your number. 
 
 Omen. Are you not flefli and bloud ? are you not a fmner ? 
 
 Siuqila. Yes truly that I am, or elfe I were a Iyer. 
 
 Omen. Then we wil not truft you, nor put it in proofe : as godly men as you 
 have broken as greate promifes as that : Therefore fet your hart at 
 reft, you may not come there nor you ftall not come there. 
 
xii Introduction. 
 
 Siuqila. What rfimedy, I can be but forie, but my greefe is the greater, for 
 that I am fo nigh fuch a Countrey, where there is fuch godly orders, 
 ftich commendable cuftomes, eqtiitie efteemed, and Vertue fo imbraced, 
 (as you erft did tel me) and cannot fee it before I goe hence : O that I 
 might haue bin fo happie, to have feen the manners and orders thereof, 
 whereby I might have reuealed them in my own Countrey, when I had 
 ben come home, that they might haue been practifed there : Such a 
 mind I haue that my Countrey might excel others in goodnes and 
 equitie. (pp. 4-5.) 
 
 Omen on Siuqila's rising to go says, " Stay a little I pray 
 you, haue you a defire indeede to know the ftate of our 
 Countrey " ? Siuqila answers, " A maruelous defire, if I 
 knew how," to which Omen replies,^ " I like you wel, and 
 now for the good wil I beare you, I wil make a relation to 
 you thereof, efpecially as much as I can remember or as 
 you will afke." 
 
 They had begun ' conuerfing ' on ' godly Preachers,' and 
 now gradually traverse the v/hole round of inquiry, always, 
 as was inevitable, to the advantage of ' Mavqfvn ' and to the 
 • evil repute ' of ' Ailgna.' There was too much ground for 
 the dark picture drawn of 'Simony' in the Church and 
 gross superstition and ignorance among the people. Self- 
 evidently the Author drew his pictures from actual cases. 
 Omen has to allow that originally even in 'perfect' Mauqsun 
 "the men came to the Sermons like Mafkers, and the 
 women like Players," so much so that " the Preacher was 
 so amazed, that he was ready to go out of the Pulpit, for 
 [that] he thought verily (feeing them in that order) that 
 there would haue bin either a play, a mummery, or a May- 
 game." (pp. 18-19.) 
 
 The over-gawdy ' dreffmg ' of the gentler sex comes in 
 for much severe reprehension ; and they are pointed to the 
 unchanging ' fashions ' of the very ' hearbes and trees ' — 
 " Marke the vegetable creatures, whether they keepe not 
 their olde falhion (till or no .'' hath not the Primerofe, the 
 Cowflop, the Deafie, the Marigolde, the Rofemarie, the 
 Lillie, the Apple tree, the Walnut tree, and all other 
 
Introduction. xiii 
 
 Hearbes, Weedes, trees, and plantes, the like flowers, leaves, 
 ftalkes, rootes, fruite, colour, fmell, tafte, vertue, and quali- 
 ties, that they had the laft yeare ? and haue alwaies had 
 fince their firft creation ?" (p. 23.) The chief occupation of 
 the majority are summarily classified as " Bearbaitings, 
 Bulbaytings, Players, Vauters, and Tumblers." (p. 27.) 
 Siuqila adds, however, " Some with vs, whofe parentes 
 feare God, are brought vp in the fame order (thankes be 
 to God). But truely the moft of our youth, efpecially 
 the poorer fort, are fo tidlingly, fondly, wantonly, and 
 idely brought vp, that it is a griefe to the godly." (p. 37.) 
 The national ' Drunkenness ' presents a manifold subject 
 for "doctrine, reproof, correction, inftruction in rigeteouf- 
 nefs" ; and one gird remains as true to-day as then — "If 
 thou fhouldeft be conflrained to giue the fourth part for the 
 defence of your Countre}'', of that which thou fpendeft in 
 one yeere to (horten thy life, or to kill thyfelfe, thou would- 
 eft thinke thou were vndone." (p. 56.) The profanation of 
 the Sabbath seems to have most of all ' grieued ' the good 
 Siuqila, as thus : " I woulde to God they did beftowe the 
 Sabbath daye fo well with vs. I thinlce verilye, if any day 
 be more profaned with vs then other, it is the Sabbath daye, 
 that God hath appointed to bee kept moft holye. For I 
 doubt manye doe come to the Church that daye more to 
 prye then to praye : more to looke then to learne : more to 
 (hew themfelues then to fhunne fmne : more to marke others 
 then to amend themfelues : more for cuftome then confcience, 
 and more to heare a one Preaching then to followe the god- 
 lye teaching. And if manye of them doe thus, that come to 
 the Church, what may be thought of them that come not to 
 the Church.? Many are conftrained to labour for their 
 liuing in the week day, whereby they auoid idleneffe the 
 mother of mifchief, whereof many I feare, though they are 
 not idle on the Sabboth day, they are not wel occupied. 
 For that day they giue themfelues to Drinking, Dicing, 
 Dancing, Swearing, chaffing, Playing. Bowling, Beare-bait- 
 
 c 
 
xiv hitroduction. 
 
 ing, & to other vanities." (pp. 73-4.) Now and again there 
 are odd bits of story-telling as this of the Devil — " Siuqila. 
 It was credibly reported, that a luftie ladde with vs, (a 
 folemne fwearer) loofing his money at Dice, had blafphemed 
 God with many terrible othes, faying : If I had the Diuell 
 here, I would eate him : who had no fooner fpoke thefe 
 words, but a Spider (or elfe the Diuel in the likeneffe of a 
 Spider) came down ouer his mouth : which, as foone as he 
 fawe, he fnatcht into his mouth, and fo died prefently. 
 Omen. A fearefull example, and enough (me thinkes) to 
 make euery one ceafe from fwearing. If it were a Spider, 
 then it was fufficient to deftroy his bodie : but if it were the 
 Diuell, it was enough to deftroy him and a thoufand fuch, 
 both bodie and foule." (p. "jj) 
 
 Omen as against ' Dicing,' and ' Gambling,' upholds ' Ex- 
 ercife of the higher fort,' as ' Chess,' which he goes on to 
 set forth as "the Aftronomer's game & the Philofopher's 
 game, which wettes their wittes, reuertes their minds, and 
 hurts no body in the meane feafon." (p. 93.) 
 
 The ' Lawyers ' of ' Mavqfvn ' are the very embodiments 
 of justice and mercy. Not so thofe of Ailgna, e.g., " Our 
 Courtes are fo coftly, the fees fo greate, the expences fo 
 much, the delayes fo many, the trauayle fo farre, the triall 
 fo long, and the obtaining fo doubtfull : that poore men can 
 not, nor many wife men dare not beginne or profecute the 
 lawe. They had rather take halfe before they begin the 
 lawe, than to lay out their money in hope to haue all at the 
 end of the lawe. Our lawe with vs paffes building, which 
 building is found to be fuch a priuie theefe, that many vn- 
 wife builders haue bin much impouerifhed thereby : For 
 looke, what many thinkes will frame vp the whole, will 
 fcantly finifh the halfe. Yet are they fure to haue halfe a 
 houfe for their money : and if they beftowe fo much more 
 they are certaine to haue a houfe. But he that goeth to 
 the lawe with vs, for the obtaining of his right (as he thinks) 
 and makes an accounte that twenty pounde wil try his 
 
Lntroduction. xv 
 
 matter to the end : it may chance coft hun an hundreth 
 pounde, yea and fel al the houfes, lands, and liuing he hath, 
 and yet goe without that he fucs for" (pp. 1 15-16). 
 
 The 'Phyficians' and 'Surgeons,' especially the ' Stipend- 
 arie Surgeons ' of the Hospitals, have a sad name in Ailgna. 
 They are represented as greedy, grasping, careless, cruel. 
 One terrible story of a poor man, with a 'sore arme,' in one 
 of the Hospitals, with the as terrible exposure, detection, 
 and punishment of the offending Surgeon, makes one 
 shudder to-day (pp. 126-133). Here is a quaint portion 
 of the dialogue on the physicians and surgeons : 
 
 Siuqila. ... It is poffible Ihey wil be fone if they come late to a ricii man, 
 but as for a poore man, they thinlc they may tavrie their leyfure wel 
 inough. If our Surgeons (hould do as your Surgeons do, they would 
 thinke that they fliould not be able to find themfelues and their famely. 
 
 Omen. Though they thinke fo, yet ours thinke not fo, for our Surgeons be- 
 leeue verily, that God profpers them the better, and makes them the 
 richer, becaufe they are fo ready to come and releeue the poore. 
 
 Siuqila. Though it be fo in deede, yet it is hard to beate that into our Sur- 
 geons heades. They had rather haue one birde in their own hand 
 then two in an other mans hand. 
 
 Omtn. But our Surgeons had rather haue one bird in Gods hand then two in 
 their own : for they thinke that the one bird that is in Gods hande, is 
 better then two birdes in their owne hand, And that one bird in 
 Gods hand will bring forth more encreafe than tv/entie fuch birds as 
 theirs will do, which they haue in their owne hand. (pp. 121-2.) 
 
 The ' Marchants ' and money-lenders and borrowers are 
 pungently handled. ' Usury ' must have been an infinite 
 oppression in those days. ' Ingratitude ' {i.e., ' ingrate ' 
 persons) receives vehement rebuke, and a long-drawn-out 
 but effective story and judgment enforces it. Finally — 
 How extremely ' ideal ' Mauqfun is, may appear from the 
 following full quotation : 
 
 Omen. It woulde reioyce any Godly mans heart to fee how the rich with vs 
 
 beftowes their time and their goods. 
 Siuqila. I pray you, fir, how is that ? 
 
 Omen. Forfooth as foone as they are vp, which is very early, they goe to 
 vifit ther poore neighbours houfes, & moil gently, louingly, & willingly, 
 they giue them mony to relieue them withal, according to their neces- 
 sitie, and their owne abililie ; and you fhall fee the riche mens wiues 
 
xvi Introduction. 
 
 (not without their hufbands cofents) carrie their childies apparel, 
 lometimes before they be halfe worne, and giue the fame to their 
 poore neighbours to clad their children withall : fo that the rich with 
 vs are fo godly and charitable to the poore, that it is a very hard thing 
 to finde any poore with vs, that wantes either meate, drinke, or 
 fufficient clothes. If a poor body with vs Ihould chance to goe in the 
 flreete fomething coldly cladde, the firfl riche man or woman, I war- 
 rant you, that meetes them will not onely weepe for their going fo 
 coldly, but alfo will carrie the poore party home with them : and if 
 they haue but two garmentes, as they haue not lightly aboue three, 
 they wil giue them one of them, and bidde them put the fame on to 
 keepe them warme, faying: Brother, Chrift bids vs do as we would 
 be done vnto, therefore feeing I would haue one to giue me a garment 
 if I were naked or went coldly clothed : euen fo I am willing to cloth 
 thee with this my garment, to keepe thee from the colde. 
 Shiqila. Oh happy people, that haue fuch charitable hearts: oh burning 
 loue, that feeles the fmart of their brother. Your poore people were 
 befl to keepe thefelues ftil with you, & not to come into our countrey 
 to dwel, for if they fliold they might happe to flande quaking in the 
 flreate in a cokle froftie weather all a whole day, without hauing any 
 coate or garment giuen them : yea though for thy riche folkes coming 
 ftreight from a Sermon, fliould fee them, whereof fome of them per- 
 haps haue twentie vppermofl garments of their owne at ye leafl, not 
 once weeping at their want, nor forrowing at their fmart : thinking 
 themfelues to be pitiful inough, if they giue them a penny : which 
 haply they get not without a checke or a taunt. I pray God fome of 
 them leaue not their purfes at home purpoiely, becaufe they woulde 
 giue them nothing. But me thinks thefe hard harted wretches, & 
 thefe nicknamed Chriftians, the next time that they Iliould looke on 
 their great nuber of garded gownes, their coftly cafibcks, and their 
 through furred garments, which are more than euer they will weare, 
 confidering they make newe daily for themfelues (and all to follow the 
 newe fafhion) and efpecially when they fee them moth eaten, fhoulde 
 tremble and quake for feare, at the terrible wordes of Saint James, 
 which threatneth all fuch, (faying) ' Goe to now, ye rich men, weepe 
 and howle on your wretchedneffe that Ihal come vpon you : your 
 riches is corrupt, your garmets are moth eaten : your gold and your 
 fihier are cankered, & the reil of them IliaU be a witnefie vnto you, 
 and ftiall eate your fleih as it were fire,' &c. But truly, their ftonie 
 hearts are fo fiintie hard, that neither thefe words, nor yet the moft 
 terrible threatnings in all the Scriptures befides, can penetrate any 
 part thereof, (pp. 70-2. ) 
 
 Summarily onward, we read : 
 Siugi/a. Are all your Nobilitie of tliat humilitie you fpeake of? 
 Om<n. What elfe? Fo as harde a thing to fynde with vs a haughtie 
 
Introduction. xvii 
 
 heart in the Nobihtie, a loftie looke in the Ladies, or a difdainefuU 
 countenance in the Gentlemen, or their wiues, as it is to finde a meeke 
 minde in a froward woman, a chaft heart in a Harlot, or liberalitie in 
 a niggard or Snudge. (p. 96. ) 
 
 Besides the glimpses into the England of 1587, and 
 before, this neglected quarto (pp. viii and 175) gives vivid 
 insight into the condition of society as represented by 
 ' Preachers ' and ' Lawyers ' and ' Merchants ' and ' Physi- 
 tions,' and all the others designated in the ' Preface to the 
 Reader,' in contrast with the immaculate citizens of 
 Mauqsun, and there are a number of noticeable words and 
 phrases that I deem it well to place on record — seeing that 
 1 fear another will not readily be found to read through tlie 
 somewhat trying old book in its quaint fclacfe XltXZl type. 
 
 I take such things, more especially rare words, as I 
 marked in reading from commencement to close : 
 
 1. ' Simaniacs.' " I maruell why fuch are chofen, and put into that place: 
 
 [the Church] 
 Alas, they counUrfaite themfelues, vntill they get in. 
 And when they vncoujiierfcitc themfelues againe, why are 
 
 they not 
 Thruft out." (pp. 10, II.) 
 
 2. ' Vanity offajliicns.' " there is fuch exccfte of apparel!, fuch gawdie going, 
 
 and {MQ!a puockly and new fafhicns euery day." (p. 20.) 
 
 Again : 
 
 " Why fliould we that are earth, afhes and duft, pricke vp ourfelues 
 fo Peacocklyl" (p. 23.) 
 
 3. Telte.' "Truly our father Adam, which was Lord of ye. whole earth, had 
 
 but a leather Pelte to couer his nakedneffe." (p. 21.) 
 
 4. • Falfe pride. ' " So that they are proud of that that fhould make the afhamed. 
 
 Who woulde be proude of the fheete he weares in doing his 
 penance?" (p. 21.) 
 
 5. Grienfiuard. " What is it to fowe feede vpon the graffe ox gi-etue fwardt 
 
 vn ploughed or vndigged?" (p. 25.) 
 
 6. ' HiUing.' " many of the faid rich greedy guttes, caring for nothing but 
 
 for the /ti/iiHg and filling their owne backe and bellie. " (p. 28. ) 
 
 7. '/"Arw^.' "And fohe/a«^away inafume." (p. 4i.) 
 
 8. Early form of ' ont-faced: "thypoore Father's complaint, thou wouldeft 
 
 . . . haue fedde with one fable or other, and fo faced out thy poore 
 Father before our face." (p. 44.) 
 
 9. Bealers of Husbands. " fhe (hall ride on a coalfiaffi." (p. 49-) 
 
xviii Introduction. 
 
 10. ' Party' = person, "if yt party that would have fled bee maimed, then 
 
 he that hath maimed him (liall giue him ye one halfe of al his goods." 
 (p. SI.) 
 Again : 
 
 "If the party that borrowes the money to intereft reueale the fame." 
 
 (p. 146.) 
 
 1 1. ' Cutters' "And thus thefe luflie cutters and ftout fighters are fufficiently 
 
 proued to be euil men." (p. 53.) 
 
 12. 'Shot.' "their whole weekes worke wil fcantly pay their Sondaies 
 
 y/wtte." (p. 59.) 
 
 13. ' Advoutriffe.' = adulteress, "the hufband of the advoutreffe and the wife 
 
 of the fornicator." (p. 61.) 
 
 14. 'Vnjkaviefajily.' "io'bo\dL\y,XB.My,{ovii/?iamefaJ}ly." (p. 63.) 
 
 15. 'Blacke Siuanne. ' " It is as eafie a thing to finde a blacke Swanne with 
 
 you, as fuch a one with us.'' (p. 63.) 
 
 16. ' Harbour.' "Woe fhal be to al them that harhorough fuch a guefl, for he 
 
 wil harhorouh the for ever." .... (p. 65.) 
 
 17. 'Adiected.' "truly the people are fo peeuilhly adjected, that they efleeme 
 
 Wealth above Wifedome." (p. 74.) 
 
 18. ' Totnatn.' "euery word that the riche fpeaketh is foothed and counted 
 
 for an Oracle, (be it neuer fo fond) but let the poore fpeake neuer fo 
 wifely, he is tript before his tale be halfe tolde, and he is fleered or 
 iefted at therefore. But if the faid rich man doth fall into poverty, 
 and the fame poore man chance to be rich, then Totnam is turned 
 French, and then the foole is fodainely become wife, and the wife man 
 a foole." (p. 74.) 
 
 19. ' Cock furel' "And to make the thing more cock fare, he hired two 
 
 witneffes." (p. 83.) 
 
 20. ' Boulie.' "goe about to boulte out the trueth with fuch diligence." 
 
 (p. 85.) 
 
 21. 'Fellowe' in a good sense as in EngUJli Bible. " Then fayde the fame fel- 
 
 lowe that came to fpeake with the Judge.". ..." then faide ihefe'lo^ve 
 to the Judge.". . . (pp. 86-7.) 
 
 So throughout, where the ' fellowe ' is a true-hearted man 
 who conies forward to bear 'true and honeft witneffe' in 
 behalf of another ' godly ' man fafely accufed of high trea- 
 son. But though thus used in a good sense 'fellowe' is also 
 used in this book in a bad sense. See also pp. 107, 125, 
 153 and 156. In the fecond he is a specially bad character: 
 
 "If fuch & fellowe were with us, and fhould ufe himfelfe fo, we 
 fhould learne him such a leffon that he flioulde not dare doo the like 
 as long as he liued." (p. 125.) 
 
Introduction. xix 
 
 22. 'Depofid'= deponed " I wil haue euery one of you in ihis cafe deposed." 
 
 .... and fo they were depo/ed zxiA fworne.'' (p. 90.) 
 
 23. 'Trim.' "Are not thy diuelifli deuifes come to a trim drift?" (p. 91.) 
 
 24. 'Losels.' "many lewde /osf/f looke loftily.'' (p. 96. ) 
 
 25. 'Bribes.' " belike you thought that my handes did fo /icHe to touch, that 
 
 I would te/«K^ with the wrong. " (p. 108.) 
 
 26. ' Fetche.' " Which onely was theyi'^ir/i« toyi'/(r,4^ you vnto me." (p. 109.) 
 
 27. 'JDayed.' "There haue two profecuted the law together for a' Cocke or 
 
 for a Goofe, and they haue both bin almofl vndone, and the matter 
 vntried, whereby they haue bin enforced, when all their money was 
 confumed and fpent, to haue their matter dayed and ended by arbitre- 
 ment.'' (p. 115.) 
 
 Again : 
 
 "They had bin better to haue eaten the Cocke or the Goofe betweene 
 them at the firft, than to fpend all the money and put it to daymenl at 
 laft." i^ibid.) 
 
 28. ' Cobs.' (?) I knew two rich Cobs that went to the lawe for the triall of a 
 
 matter.". . . (p. 117.) 
 
 29. 'Lament.' "what paines he hath put me to ever fince, both night and 
 
 day it would lament you if 5'ou knew it." (p. 129.) 
 
 30. ' Starting holes.' "if we had this lawe, and well executed, the Ufurers 
 
 durfl not trufl to iiith Jiartittg holes as they doe." (p. 147.) 
 
 31. Bird-lore and ingratitude. " Beholde a little Birde fliall make thee 
 
 afliamcd. Eut how canfl thou be afhamed ? for I thinke thou hafl no 
 fhame at all. The little Marlin will not praye on the laft Birde that 
 fl;e catcheth at night, but holdes her in her tallents, all night, without 
 hurting her, onely to keepe her felfe the warmer, and then in the 
 morning (he letteth her goe : which Marlin aduifedly marking which 
 way the fame Birde doth flye, will not flye toward that quarter of all 
 that day for her praye, leaft flie (hould hap to catche her and fo hurt 
 her that had done her good, pinch her that had pleafured her, and kill 
 her that had comforted her. This little Birde againft her will hath 
 pleafured the Marlin, and yet the Marlin is thankefull for it. " (p. 159.) 
 
 32. ' Bef arched.' "in Africa, being beparched with the heate of the Sunne. " 
 
 (p. 160.) 
 
 33. Great ProfeJJlonal men not Authors in England. " It is with us quite con- 
 
 trary, for they that hope to attaine to any great office, beare any rule, 
 or come to any preferment, thinke fcorne (though they are able) to 
 penne or publish any Bookes (though the matter be neuer fo good, 
 neceffarie or honeft) and wherefore thinke you ? forfooth becaufe moft 
 peruerfely and peeuiflily they (hould be therefore of the higher forte 
 difdained, of their equals difpraifed, of their inferiors derided, of the 
 profited thereby not thanked, and of fome they cannot amend it de- 
 tracted. So that (but what reafon is in it I knowe not) the moft part 
 with vs think it as vnfeemely, for one that is in authoritie, or beares 
 
XX Introduction. 
 
 rule, to publifh and [= an] woorke, as it is for a Pettier to preach. 
 But I am cleane of a contrary mind. (p. i56.) 
 34 'Depart, '^part. " the moft of our riche men are fo greedie and couetous, 
 that they will depart with none of their goods during their life." 
 (p. 1 73.) 
 
 It was probably with reference to Lupton's book that 
 Charles Gibbon entitled one of his always extremely 
 heavy and wearing-out moral-religious tractates, " Not so 
 new, as True. Being a verie neceffarie Caueat for all 
 Chriftians to confider of. Wherein is truelie defcribed the 
 iniquitie of this prefent time, by occafion of our confufed 
 liuing : And iuftlie approued the world to be neuer worfe, 
 by reafon of our contagious leaudnes. 1590." (4to.) It too 
 is "A Dialogicall difcourfe concerning the courfe of this 
 world. The Speakers be, Alplieus and Nicanor." I have 
 ' searched ' (almost) in vain for so much as a single quotable 
 bit above the dead level of pious commonplace. These 
 so-so Lines fill a vacant page, and for Elizabeth's sake and 
 an odd use of the word ' teen,' may be here recalled from 
 their oblivion : 
 
 OLord 
 E niarge the life of our good Queene, 
 L et nothmg turne vnto her teene : 
 I ncreafe thy graces in her {lill, 
 S o that (he may performe thy will : 
 A duaunce thy word, augment our ioyes, 
 B y beating downe all Popilh Ioyes. 
 E xpell her foes, preuent their lull, 
 T hat they may know her caufe is iuft. 
 H elpe thofe that call vpon thy name 
 A nd fcourge the reft vnto their fliame. 
 R emit our fmnes with our defarts, 
 E ngraue thy lawes within our hearts : 
 G rant vs thy grace to fructifie 
 I n all good deedes continual! ie ; 
 N o doubt our end is imminent, 
 A nd therefore let vs all repent. 
 
 So be it. 
 
 As a pendant to this take an incidental tribute to the great 
 queen, thus : 
 
Introduction. xxi 
 
 "As for your conclufion, concerning the fufferance of fuch as haue libertie 
 to doo well, and will not : Truelie fuch is the good pitie of our Prince, that 
 where heretofore fome haue burned fuch as were godlie, for a good caufe : (he 
 beares with fuch as bee vnreformed, for a further consideration : not tendering 
 their cafe to their confufion ; but intending a care of their conuerfion, (laying 
 oltentimes where Ihe might flrike, in hope of amendment ; yet (Inking fometime 
 where (he muft needes for feare of a mifchiefe. (Oh Princely patterne of pa- 
 tience, oh worthie mirror of mercie) : Remembring alwaies to fet good againfk 
 euill, to beare with the weake, and to forbeare the froward a wliile, as vn- 
 certaine in what howre God may call fuch into his vineyard." (p. 8.) 
 
 Here is a favourable specimen of the style of Gibbon : 
 
 "To conclude, is it not poffible for both to accompanie but they (hall alter 
 condition ? Why, the filth of the dunghill cannot infect the cleare Sunne, and 
 yet it (hines vpon it ; the tartnes of the lees doth not take away the tad of the 
 wine, yet both in a caske; the (harpnes of the pricke doth not hinder the fauour 
 ,of the Rofe, yet both on a (talk ; the filthines of the groud cannot take away the 
 fine[n]es of the gold, yet both be together ; neither can the vilenes of poyson 
 impaire the vertue of the flone, yet both in the toade. Thus much I thought 
 good to deliver, becau'e you make it fo fcrupulous for the good and bad to be 
 together, whereas all things confidered, it is rather commodious than dangerous ; 
 or if not profitable, yet nothing pernicious." (p. II.) 
 
 Another manners-painting book published the year after 
 Lupton's is the following — ''The Englifh Ape, the Italian 
 imitation, the Foote-fteps of Fraunce. Wherein is explained, 
 the wilfull blindneffe of fubtill mifchiefe, the Striuing for 
 Starres, the catching of Moonefliine : and the fecrete founde 
 of many hoUowe heartes, by W. R. Nulla pretas prauis. 
 At London, Imprinted by Robert Robinfon dwelling in 
 Feter Lane neere Holborne. 1588." (4to.) 
 
 I have rarely been more disappointed with any early 
 English book than this. Its style is unformed and uncriti- 
 cal, with an irritating alliteration and a miserable sugges- 
 tion of Euphues, most unhappy. The Author's motif was 
 good, viz., to write dov/n Englishmen's all-too-ready adop- 
 tion of anything and everything ' foreign,' but his perform- 
 ance is lame and helpless. Its only value is in its reflection 
 of the transition-state of England, the uncertainty of native 
 ' fashions,' customs, habits, even speech, until confirmed by 
 Italian or French. I have noted these few slight things in 
 The English Ape : 
 
 D 
 
xxii Introduction. 
 
 1. ' Boohs. ' "Alphonfus being asked what Counfellers he liked beft; anfwered 
 
 Bookes, for they neither flatter in fecurity, footh with fubtilty, contend 
 in time of Controuerfie, grudge at Superiours, nor contemne Inferiours. 
 To confirme which, (faytli Cicero) Oil pleafant bookes, Oh harmeles 
 bookes, the harbourers of forfaken Vertue, ond the foflerers of Morall 
 demeanor. " — Epistle-dedicatory to Lord Chancellor Hatton. 
 
 2. We have a phrase thus early which is utilized in one of our reproductions 
 
 in the present Series — "giue me leaue to ailce where our Englifh 
 men firft learned their Choyce of Change, in what Countrey they 
 haue euer behelde the phantafliicall faftiions vfed and their owne 
 inuentions neglected." (p. 5.) 
 
 3. 'Relented.' "hee [Clodius] would giue vnto his friends that fupped with 
 
 him pearls relented in vineger to eate. " (p. 7. ) 
 
 4. 'Startvppe' "hewe downe eachy?ffr; z/^^if ftemme." (p. II.) 
 
 5. 'Minoreffe' (?) " England (whofe perfection hath bin of late purified by the 
 
 meanes of a cunning Minorejfe, and the metall purged from the Moflie 
 droffe that had alraoft ouergrowne the fertility of that pleafant foyle) 
 doth not naturally aflbrde the flraungenes of thefe ftraunge confufions, 
 whofe perfections (like a celeftiall Lampe) doth illuflrate all Christen- 
 dome." (pp. 15-6.) 
 
 6. The Englijhman. "If the Germaine that paynted euery Nation in bis 
 
 naturall forme, (as farre as arte coulde reache) and made the Englyfhe 
 naked, becaufe hee knew not of what guife to make the changeable 
 variety of his attyre : lyued nowe as fometimes he did, I imagine that 
 hee would paynte the difguifed forme of many of our women without 
 flcinnes, for that (in derifion of Nature to fcoffe their Creator) they 
 finde out artificall Ikinnes to couer any accidentall bleamiflie of their 
 Faces. A derogatory from the honor of God, and abrogating impu- 
 dent fliame to the modeft Sexe." (p. 23.) 
 
 7. EngliJIiwomen. "Whence proceedeth I pray thefe gadding feagaries of 
 
 our Englifli dames but from their decking with vnfpeakable pride. " 
 (p. 24.) 
 
 8. "Elizabeth, that bright and illujirate Lampe." "But as the viewe of their 
 
 fecret poyfon caufeth me to miflike the one, fo the bright Ihew of 
 fhyning vertue, in duety compelles me to commend the other. Of 
 which forte there is one as the Phcenix, endeleffe in glory, and match- 
 leffe in mortal maiefly : At whofe illuflrate Lampe may our foolifli 
 virgins borrow oyle, & by her light direct the courfe of their life, 
 thither, where her name is already eternized, to beare a light before 
 the holy lambe : But mighty lehoua let thy feruant yet Hue till fhee 
 guide to thy tabernacle, her flock of Ifraell. Stand ftill her candle- 
 flicke, and lighten all the earth, that when the goes, wee may for 
 company fmg Alleluya to thy maiefty." (p. 26.) 
 
 I am not aware that the initials 'W. R.' have been 
 
 ' assigned to any one.' In the Huth exemplar the Epistle- 
 
Introduction. xxiii 
 
 dedicatory has a contemporary filling in of the name, but it 
 has been partially erased, and I can only half-guessingly 
 make out W. R[eoly] as though an attempt at Raleigh ! 
 In this Epistle the author thus refers to another work of 
 his which had also been dedicated to Hatton — " remem- 
 bring your honorable acceptance of my rough cast Conceite 
 of Hell, vnloading complaint, and loading your eares with 
 many friuolous phrafes." (p. 2.) 
 
 II. A Quest of Enquirie 1595 (see full 
 
 title on page 143.) 
 Of the authorship of this unique book absolutely nothing 
 has been transmitted to us. It is quite a contrast with 
 England's Address, but just because of that seems to the 
 Editor of quick interest for its similar presentation of the 
 ' simple ' or vulgar aspects of ' the commonalty.' Regarded 
 broadly, it reminds us how very small our now great Lon- 
 don then was and how provincial in its tone, when such a 
 'quarreir and 'quest' could so excite the community and 
 inspire (as it would seem) abundant 'ballads' and keen 
 passion all round. As with the other, in Notes and Illus- 
 trations, certain ' noticeable things ' are guided to and an- 
 notated. 
 
 With respect to Politnanteia, the most voracious Reader 
 will agree that the opening and close are ample specimens 
 of the treatise-proper, which is a tedious and weak discourse 
 of ' divination ' and all kind of credulities and nullities. It 
 should have over-weighted the 'Address' of England to 
 her ' Three Daughters ' to have reproduced so wearisome a 
 book in extenso. With reference to the Latin verses pre- 
 fixed to Polimanteia (p. 7), they may thus ' speak English ' : 
 
 Flood, earthquake, pestilence on all sides, dearth. 
 
 Wars — what remains for ruin of the earth ? 
 
 Fire I now far off — whence ? from Jove's ramparts high. 
 
 What piles such ills on Earth? Impiety. 
 
 Still is there hope of safety ? Only one. 
 
 Who gives it ? Piety ? Who owns her ? None. 
 
xxiv Introduction. 
 
 To hell, O Earth, since Piety is not. 
 I see her rush— by injured gods forgot. 
 
 If nought thou buildest, why this house dost eye ? 
 Blame not, or raise a better one on high. 
 A better hast thou, then, from both, well pray 
 That Envy turn her evil eye away. 
 
 O toil, O sweat, prize of a cursM bite 
 
 Earth from the fates hide thy sins out of sight. 
 
 Not all things, nor all men please me — 
 To all then must I pleasing be ? 
 Not the old man of Cos suits all 
 Nor does this privilege befal 
 The Stagirite. Then wouldst thou fain 
 Hope the goodwill of all to gain ? 
 Traveller, to please thy God take care 
 And on thy way contented fare ! 
 
 One queries whether by ' Cous senex' he meant Homer — 
 confounding Cos with Chios — and so, "Not even Homer 
 pleases all," or Apelles the painter, a Coan — and so, " Not 
 e'en Apelles pleases all " } Probably the former. I just 
 notice that I have allowed the misprint ' Spagirus ' for 
 ' Stagirus ' to pass. In the couplet on ' Labor ' the original 
 certainly has ' satis ' (= in the cornfields), but as that makes 
 a wrong quantity (satis) 'fatis' is preferable, as in the 
 translation. 
 
 For the use of his unique exemplar of the Quest of 
 EnquirtQ, I am indebted to my ever-obliging friend 
 Alfred H. Huth, Esq.; oi Polimanteia, I myself possess 
 a very fine copy. Three others seem to be known. 
 
 ALEXANDER B. GROSART. 
 
 .5"/. Gioyg^s Vestry. 
 
 Blackburn, Lancashire, 
 33rd May, z83i. 
 
POLIMANTEIA, 
 
 OR, 
 
 The meanes lawftdl and vnlawfull, to 
 
 IVDGE OF THE FALL OF A 
 
 COMMON- WEAL TH, A GAINST 
 
 the friuolous and foolifli conie- 
 
 Bures of this age. 
 
 Whereunto is added, 
 
 A letter from England to her three daughters, 
 
 Cambridge, Oxford, Innes of Court, and to all the 
 
 refl of her inhabitants : perfwading them to a 
 
 conftant vnitie of what religion foever they 
 
 are, for the defence of our dread f over aigne, 
 
 and natiue cuntry : moft requifite for 
 
 this time wherein wee 
 
 now live. 
 
 Invide, quod nequeas imitari carper e noli : 
 Nil nifi cumfumptu menien oculofq. iuvat. 
 
 Printed by lohn Legate, Printer to t/te Vniverfitie 
 
 of Cambridge. 1595. 
 
 And are to be fold at the figne of the Sunne in Pauls 
 
 Church-yard in London. 
 
TO THE RIGHT 
 
 honourable, Robert Devorax Earle 
 
 of Effex and Ewe, Vicount of Hereforde, Lord 
 
 Ferrer of Chartley, Borcher, andL ovaine, Ma- 
 
 fter of the Queenes Maiefties Horfe, Knight 
 
 of the noble order of the Garter, and one of 
 
 her Maiefties moft Honourable 
 
 privie Councell. 
 
 T is eafie to geffe (honourable Lorde) 
 why Schollars flocke under the patro- 
 nage of men in your place ; their condi- 
 tion is fo weake, that unleffe men truly, 
 honourable doe defend them, they are 
 moft of all in this age diftreffed. And 
 yet (braue noble Lorde) ingenioufly to confeffe my true 
 meaning) it is not that which moued me at this time ; but 
 it is the height of admiration which my thoughts concei- 
 ued of your honours worth, that made me thinke all men 
 bound to offer fignes of loue and dutie, where both are 
 deferued in fo high a meafure. I take vpon me Englands 
 perfon and fpeake like a Common-wealth, And therfore 
 howfoeuer it were prefumption in me to dedicate papers 
 of fo fmall moment, to a perfonage of fo rare worth, yet 
 (honourable Lorde) take them as your cuntries talke, 
 vouchfafe to reade them ftamped with her name, and fo 
 all ftiall be afraid to miilike them, beeing graced with 
 yours. And yet I weigh not whether others miflike them 
 or no ; let but your honour for learnings fake (a thing 
 which I know you doe) fay you are content to accept of 
 the meaneft trifle, and grace it with a good looke, and 
 2 then 
 
The Epijlle Dedicatorie. 
 
 then I contemne what male-contented melancholy can 
 fpeake againft me. Your honour (be it fpoken without 
 envie) like Englands Cedar is fprung up to preferue with 
 your fhadowe, the humbled in all profefsions, from ha- 
 treds malice. The warlike and braue foldier thinkes him 
 felfe (and that in truth is) graced, to be tearmed but your 
 follower. The worthy and kinde pafsionate Courtier 
 deemes (and worthily) this his honour, to be your fauo- 
 rite. The fober and devout ftudent, that difpifed doeth 
 walke melancholy, takes himselfe (and not without caufe) 
 fortunate to be tearmed your fchollar. Thus all relye no- 
 ble Lord, upon your favour. And I (who though I muft 
 needs honour) yet ufually with fo deepe affection am not 
 devoted without caufe) doe fo in kindneffe and loue (if 
 that be not a word too prefumptuous) paffe over the full 
 interefl of my felfe to your difpofe, as in what kinde foe- 
 uer a fchollar may doe his dutie, I am ready and defirous 
 to be commanded by you : then accept (noble lorde) the 
 willing mind of him that hath nothing elfe : and fay, that 
 that alone, is abfolutely fufficient to content you. Read it, 
 but (or if that be to much) doe but accept it, and fo reft, 
 whereof not doubting in the middeft of fo many fignes 
 of a fchollar-refpecting honour, in dutie I kiffe my hand, 
 and humbly take my leaue. 
 
 Your honours in all duty mojl affectionate, 
 
 W. C. 
 
TIte Preface to the Reader. 
 
 ^ Ee are fallen into the barren age of the ivorlde 
 (courteous Reader) wherein though fame fewe 
 trauaik to expell Barbarifme, (which fortu- 
 nately they haue done in our Englilh tongue) yet 
 a number of idle conceited-wife-foolijh heades 
 take vpon them peremptorily to cenfure other The caufe 
 mens paines: fo that euery man is loath to enter into the viewe ^^7 many 
 whiljl Idlenes Jhall Jland controlling and give her fentence. I ^"''^ '^°*' 
 
 knoio it could fit thefe to write, but that magni laboris eft quem r ■ ,f" , 
 
 " ^ fits idle and 
 
 plenque fugimus. Homer wrote of the trauailes of the wor- ^jjj i^dee 
 
 thie GrcEcian Vlyffes ; Curtius of Alexander and Darius ; In vaine doe 
 
 Rome had neuer beene fo renowned but for Titus Livius ; we complain 
 
 Thucydides eternizid lafon and Minotaure ; and fweet Saluft °f multitude 
 
 lugurth and Cateline : nay this wife age, long fmce had beene t)°°'^S3. 
 
 plaine fooli/h, if our painefull forefathers had not trauailed for 
 
 their good. And if any man thinke this age is too wifely learned 
 
 to read any thing which is but fome fewe droppes of that mayne 
 
 Ocean which ouafltrwed in their daies, let him knowe this, that 
 
 care added to their induflrious trauailes, is eafily able to perform 
 
 matters of great importance. Learning was let loofe ouer all 
 
 Europe euer fmce Athens did firfl flourifli (excepting a fewe 
 
 yeares when the Gothes and Vandalls compelled her to Hue in 
 
 exile) who flying fafl from their furie left Italie and thofe famous 
 
 places, and planted her felfe fo firmely in thefe poore coimtreies, 
 
 that euer fmce amongst vs fliee hath lined honourably. Thus in 
 
 the abundance of our knowledge, he that hath taken pains, flands 
 
 at the courtefie of euery paltrie fellowe to be cenfured as it pleafe 
 
 him. In con/lderation whereof, wife men haue deemed it the fa- 
 
 fefl, fecretly to f mile, andfoberly to fay nothing. For my paines I 
 
 -■ much care not, I efleeme thee (Reader) as thou dofl me, for (dege- y , , 
 nerotis minds intreated, grow infolent:) the daies are euill, and Zanch 
 
 ■ the argument is fit for thefe times ; I knowe diuers haue trauail- N. B.B. Gallici. 
 led in the fame kinde, whome I hut humble (without wronging 
 them) to fpeake vnto thy capacitie: Nobilitie fully learned made My L,. Henry 
 3 choice Howard. 
 
The Preface to the Reader. 
 
 fhoice to handle the fame argument, and with fuch profounde 
 deepe Jkill ferformde it, as that truth taketh her felfe much 
 bound vnto him, who made her to fpeake eloquently that vfeth 
 to be plaine, and falfe frophefies a/hamed, who fo long have 
 vfurped truths titles. From, hence maiji thou learne {or at leajl 
 remember) that the greatejl Monarches {howfoeuer proud in 
 their owne Jlrength) mujl either fall with an enemies Jlroake, or 
 (as Rome did) xvith her o^ane waight: here maijt thou fee that 
 nothing is fo made, but fubiect to great change. And yet leafl 
 thou defire to knowe what thou oughtefl not, T haue laboured to 
 make knowne what thou fliouldefl defire: my leifure will not 
 ferue to detaine thee long, and a fhort preface is befeeming fo 
 fmall paines. I take my leaue, and (if thou haft deferued) I giue 
 thee thanks : oncly this I mufl add further (not to accufe others, 
 or make an Apologie for my felfe) that I neuer yet in the least 
 fyllable of the fo tearmed loofefl line, meant either to modeflie, 
 pietie, chaflitie, time, the Mufes, or kindnes to doe wrong ; neither 
 fhould the furmifed obiect of my tnufes fong, or the deareft which 
 that obiect hath, fufpect in me but the leafl Jhadow of fuppofed 
 iniurie : for I neither ment to make loofe poetrie a true hiflorie, or 
 thought that wife courtefie would be fo fufpicious to mifdeeme 
 him, whofe thoughts long fmce were deuoted to grauer fludies : 
 from whence taking leifure but to paufe a little, my penne grewe 
 paffionate, and my idle papers fcattered vnawares flew abroad (/ 
 proteft) not to offend any : thus I binde thee {by that credit which 
 tnith defenies) whofoeuer thou art which reades, to beleeue what 
 r haue fpoken herein, and (if thou pleafe) for my fake to accept 
 For fuch a ''^"- ^»'^ becaufe euery Balduflum makes diuine poetrie to be 
 Coxcombe. but bafe rime, T leaue thee (facred eloquence) to be defended by 
 the Mufes ornaments, and fuch (defpifed) to Hue tormented with 
 endles pouertie. Farewell. 
 
Diluuiuni, terrce tnotus, contagia pafsim 
 
 Bella, fames, mundi quid reliquum exitio ejl f 
 Ignis & ipfe prope ejl : vnde hcec? ex arce tonantis : 
 
 Tot mala quid mundo congerit? Impietas. 
 Anne falutis adhuc /pes vlla ejl? vnica: qui/nam 
 
 Porriget hanc f pietas : hac vbi f nullus habet : 
 Quidjlas munde f rue, vt pietas ejl nulla ; ruentem 
 
 Sic video ; auxilium numina Iceja negant. 
 
 Infcriptio porta. 
 
 Si nihil cedijicas, quid-fpectas nojlra viator ? 
 
 Aut mea ne carpas, aut meliorajlruas. 
 Si meliora tenes, id divos pofcito mecum, 
 
 Ne, quodvterque tenet, fafcinet inuidia. 
 
 Labor. 
 
 labor, 6 Judor, Jcelerati proemia morjus, 
 Ahfatis nates occule terra tuos. 
 
 Nee omnia nee omnes mihi 
 placuere ; qulnam ego omnibus ? 
 non omnibus Cousfenex, 
 non Eremita Spagirus, 
 nam tu viator omnibus f 
 deo placere cura, abei. 
 
[^Commencement of ' Folimanteia.'^ 
 
 POLIMANTEIA. 
 
 lEfore we come parti- 
 cularlie to fpeake of 
 Dininations lawful! & 
 vnlawfuU ; for the true 
 and better vnderflan- 
 ding of them, we will 
 firft define, what Diuination is : Diuina- What Dud- 
 tion is a foretelling of things to come, perfor- 
 ming it in diners manners, as well artificial- 
 ly, as naturally. But thofe that more cu- 
 rioufly fubtilize vpon the Etymologie, 
 fay, that to diuine is properly to fore- 
 tell, and to forefee things to come, by 
 an exterior motion, without hauing 
 any fubieft, caufe, or figne before hand 
 to coniefture fo ; and therefore in this God alone 
 fort, God teftifieth of himfelfe, that he /^„l^J^ 
 
 alone knoweth things to come, which *^^"s^ *" 
 
 come. 
 afterward he reueiled by his Prophets 
 
 B and 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 Satan Gods 
 
 Satan falfe- 
 ly a Dhiir.er. 
 
 and Apoftles, as it pleafed him. Now 
 Satan defiring in this to bee Gods Ape, 
 (thereby the better to abufe the world, 
 & to drowne men in intolerable fuper- 
 ftition, by a naturall curiofitie to know 
 things to come) hath iniuriouflie and 
 falfelie vfurped the fame authoritie to 
 diuine, and from thece proceedeth the 
 word Ditdnation : fo that thereby Satan 
 fo much the more vnder a cloak of na- 
 turall things, is for the moft part as a 
 forger and couterfeiter (excepting the 
 diuination whereupon the fubiect of 
 this matter depends :) and therefore it 
 is neceffarie to trie and examine in the 
 firft place, the might, fubtiltie and craft 
 of the diuell ; in whom we fhall finde as 
 The power of great knowledge and vnderftanding, 
 
 (excepting the Angels) as in all the o- 
 ther creatures befides ; wee fhall finde 
 as great fubtiltie for interpreting the 
 fignes of diuers things : a matchles vigi- 
 lancie : an incomparable cunning, to 
 inuent trumperies ; and deceit, vnder 
 fine coloured, but falfe pretences : And 
 
 to 
 
 Satan. 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 to conclude, a moft perfect malice ac- 
 companied with a perpetuall hate a.- Satan a per- 
 gainft mankinde: and the rather, feeing -^'"!'"'^'''"'" 
 
 ° ' ° mie to man- 
 
 that it is not in his force, to doe any kinde. 
 thing of himfelfe : to hinder the courfe 
 of things naturall ordained by God : to 
 deftroy and to make againe : to found 
 the depth of mans heart : or to forefee 
 how God gouerneth the; courfe of the 
 world : the [affayres of Kings and Prin- 
 ces before the reuelation of his diuine 
 prophefies. Notwithftanding he per- 
 
 ceiueth by his fubtiltie the hid proper- 
 ties of things bodily and fpirituall. His 
 knowledge is exceeding by his mani- 
 fold experience of things pafh : he di- 
 ueth fo farre as may pofsibly bee foun- 
 ded into mens maners ; and copies out 
 their actions, from whence he deriueth 
 his greatefl: profit. Thus he ineombers 
 the actions of Kings & Princes of each 
 in particular ; that contrarie to all rea- 
 fon and opinion of men, they are all fo 
 intermedlingly inwrapped each in o- 
 ther ftates, that fcarfe anie knoweth 
 B 2 how 
 
 II 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 how to efcape himfelfe. Thorough the 
 deepe whereof he fo lancheth without 
 fight, that he maketh one of them to 
 entrap and beguile another : whereof 
 euerie where are examples fufficient, 
 and therefore S. Paid to the Ephefians 
 fetteth downe moft liuely Satans puif- 
 fance. But let vs fee a little neerer the 
 diuels policie, of what force & efficacie 
 it is, efpecially in thofe things which 
 concerne the mines of Gouernment, 
 or change of a Common-wealth. Firft 
 then, although that the diuell knoweth 
 not the ftate and affayres of Kings and 
 Princes in particular, as God from the 
 beginning hath predeftinated them in 
 his immutable counfel, nor how he wil 
 difpofe and change them contrarie to 
 the opinion of men & ordinarie courfe 
 of things natural ; yet notwithftanding 
 the knowledge which men by the per- 
 Maninfe- miffion of almightie God, haue drawn 
 knowledge to O"* °i the diume prophefies of ancient 
 time, is not comparable to that of Sa- 
 tan, by reafon he farre furpaffeth man, 
 
 in 
 
 Satan. 
 
 12 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 in fine, quick & nimble fubtiltie, which 
 he vfeth to his owne aduantage. Thefe spirits 
 know by the predictions of Prophets : 
 that fuch Kings and Princes fhall come 
 to gouerne : befides, by what meanes Note. 
 they fhall attaine it, and by whom God 
 will giue the Scepter into their hands : 
 befides, when and how it fhall be taken 
 from them. And in one word, Sz^.zxi Foretold. 
 
 knoweth the eftate of Gouernment 
 which muft happen, and how long it 
 fhal endure, and the enemies which fhal 
 rife vp for the ruine of it. From thefe & 
 fuch like reuelations would they drawe 
 their diuinations. They haue found out 
 by the prophefies of Daniel the eftate 
 & chaunge of Monarchies which muft 
 happen, the ruine of Darius, the deftru- 
 ftion of Afia: and that the Monarchie 
 of Babylon fhall be tranfported to the 
 Greekes: By meanes whereof, when A- 
 lexander the Great confulted with the Orades 
 Oracle at Delphos, Pythias anfwered 
 him, Eris inuicius Alexander: Thou fhalt 
 be vnconquered Alexander. And after- 
 B 3 ward 
 
 13 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 Satans fub- 
 tillie. 
 
 Satan an 
 Ambidex- 
 ter. 
 
 Satan hnoiv- 
 eth thefcrip- 
 ture. 
 
 ward for confirming, and giuing credit 
 to his Oracle, he ceafed not to fhewe 
 fignes & wonders together with vaine 
 illufions, in the behalfe of Alexander, 
 which way foeuer he marched with his 
 armie : on the contrarie not to daunt 
 Darius too much, he nourifht in him a 
 vaine hope by doubtful! dreames, per- 
 fwading him fondly of victorie, againft 
 his enemie. For the temptations of Sa- 
 tan are of that fort, that they promife vs 
 all ioy and happines whatfoeuer: but 
 no fooner they are entertained of vs, 
 but in their place commeth defpayre, 
 with a perpetuall torment. By the pro- 
 phefie of Daniel and Efai, the diuell 
 knewe that the Monarchic of the AJfy- 
 rians fhould be wholly defolate and gi- 
 uen into the power of the Medes and 
 Perjians, and that al this fhould be done 
 by Gyrus. For this caufe it was foretold, 
 that King Crcefus fhould be chafed and 
 fpoyled of the kingdome of Lydia : And 
 therefore knowing the might of King 
 Cyrus, Satan ceafed not to moue and in- 
 cite 
 
 14 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 cite Crcefus, by a bayte of ambition, to Crcefus co, 
 oppofe himfelfe againft the Perfian Cy-'^""''"^' 
 rus. This being done, the AJJyrians Em 
 pyre was fpoyled, Crcefus conquered, ; 
 and the Monarchic tranflated to Cyrus. 
 
 There is one efpeciall example farre , 
 furpafling all that antiquitie mentio- 
 neth of Satans fubtiltie, whereby appa- 
 rantly he Ihewed the intent and effect 
 of his whole treacherie : It was that of 
 the great contemplatiue diuine Jam- lambUch. 
 blicke, Avho defirous to knowe the name 
 of him that fhould in the Empyre fuc- 
 ceede the Emperour Valens that then 
 raigned, he made trial of it by a certain a thing v 
 foolifh (be it fpoken with reuerence to '■'" ' 
 fo wife a man) and moft vnlearned di- 
 uination in this manner : He caufed the 
 Greeke Alphabet written to bee put by 
 diflinct letters, in the ground, and vpon 
 euery one he placed a graine of Barley ; 
 in the midfl a Cock, & the letters where '^^''7^^' 
 
 frooje, 
 
 the Cocke fcraped the Barley, fhould 
 figniiie the thing he fo much defired. 
 Now it happened that the Cock bared 
 
 thefe 
 
 15 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 etot . 
 
 Dhiination 
 will beget 
 Tyrannic. 
 
 Vmnecte it 
 Jliculd be. 
 
 Doubtfull 
 anfwers ar- 
 gue deccUe, 
 or ignorance. 
 
 thefe foure letters : Q,'E,0, A\ yet now like- 
 wife he remained vncertain of the name 
 which thefe letters fhould portend, to 
 difcerne whether it were Theodojius, or 
 Theodotus, Theodorus, or Theodectes. The 
 Emperour Valens feeing the euent of 
 all this, & fearing fome falfe play, made 
 {Herod like) all fuch to be put to death, 
 as thofe letters did point out. He com- 
 maunded likewife, to fearch foorth the 
 Diuine. Jamblicke, fearing the crueltie of 
 the Emperour, by reafon of the fault 
 which he had committed, (For it was not 
 lawful! in Rome to enquire into the fuc- 
 ceffion of the Empyre during the life 
 of the Emperour) poyfoned himfelfe. 
 But we fhall finde for the moft part that 
 the diuell the more to delude men by 
 thefe diuinations, gaue his anfwers hid, 
 darke, double, and doubtful, efpeciallie 
 when himfelfe (which often happened) 
 was vncertaine of the euent, being on- 
 ly led by fufpicious and Height conie- 
 ctures, without euidence of diuine re- 
 uelation, (as appeared by the doubt of 
 
 that 
 
 i6 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 that name which thofe foure letters 
 might portend :) for not knowing the 
 trueth, he talketh by circumftances and 
 darke fignes, fometimes telling the 
 trueth to gaine credit to his falfe lyes, a Caueat. 
 feeing by a malicious inftinct he ftri- 
 ueth to obfcure the trueth, to the great 
 dammage of mortall men. For his de- 
 light is in falfhood, and his ioy is in our 
 fall. That is the reafon why hee vfeth 
 thefe doubtfuU & vncertaine anfwers, 
 to the intent to abufe men by his ridi- 
 culous apifli mockeries, and finally to 
 bring them by a certaine feare, and a 
 forrow of things to come, to mofl abo- 
 minable wickedneffe, in executing the 
 felf fame euil, which before he had told 
 vnto him, that inquired of it. 
 
 J7 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 [^Conclusion of the treatise-proper^ 
 
 But concerning any certainti'e, or 
 Numbers true coniectures in numbers, either of 
 yeares or fuch like, wherein Mafter Bo- 
 din & others are too curious, I let them 
 paffe as matter impertinent and things 
 of too nice & nimble coniecture. Then 
 by the difference of dreames, whereof 
 wee haue fpoken before, by the diftin- 
 ction of their kinds, likewife by the ge- 
 nerall expofition of diuinations, lawful! 
 and vnlawfull, it may be vnderftood and 
 eafily knowne, how to applie them to 
 the alteration and chaunge of a Com- 
 mon-wealth. There be alfo other forts 
 of Diuinations befides thefe, but be 
 O 2 caufe 
 
 iS 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 caufe they cannot ferue to iudge of the 
 change of ftates (by requiring a whole 
 treatife themfelues, & being moft lear- ^y ^- Hen- 
 
 ,,,,,,. , , T 1 ■. ry Howard. 
 
 nedly handled of others) I haue deter- 
 mined wholly to let them paffe, as one- 
 ly purpofmg to note out the principall 
 and generall rules feruing for this pur- 
 pofe. But as of all the meanes and rules 
 which haue been obferued from anti- 
 quitie, to confirme the iudgment con- 
 cerning the chaunge and fall of a Com- 
 mon wealth, there is none neceffarie, al- No rule ne- 
 though God fometimes permit things J^^^^^^^ 
 to fall out according to their naturall chaunge of a 
 
 ■ 1 i-i Kingdoms. 
 
 courle : therefore it becommeth vs like- 
 wife to attend patiently the ende & the 
 euents of all things, as God hath deter- 
 mined in his immutable counfell, with- 
 out prefuming too farre, by too great 
 a curiofitie vnbefeeming our blind and 
 dull capacities. And although by rea- 
 fon of our weaknes wee cannot found 
 the vnderflanding of the depth of thofe 
 predictions, which GoD hath made, 
 fometime by one meane, fometime by 
 
 other ; 
 
 19 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 We ought to 
 mark: Gods 
 Ihrealnings. 
 
 Other ; yet notwithftanding wee muft 
 not call afide his threatnings, feruing to 
 aduertife vs of what muft happen, to 
 the intent to auoyde the fcourge of his 
 wrath (nor yet efteeme them as necef- 
 farie, and that God cannot turne them 
 to good :) but on the contrarie wholly 
 rely vppon his mercie, which is infinite 
 towards them which repent in fit and 
 conuenient time : confider what wee 
 haue obferued by difcourfe of hifto- 
 ries, and according to our capacitie, 
 touching diuinations in this kinde, law- 
 full and vnlawfull, to the intent that by 
 their difference it may bee the better 
 iudged, what fhall happe for the chang 
 and mines of Common wealths, and of 
 the eftate of Realmes, and Empires : not 
 to the intent to fet downe certaine rules 
 The /cope of whereby to diuine generally of things 
 
 this whole • n t 
 
 treatife. to come, agamft the might and autho- 
 
 ritie of God, or to giue occafio to fome, 
 to relye vpon fuperftitious and foolifh 
 vanities ; but to the intent to iudge by 
 things pafl, of thinges to come, and by 
 O 3 that 
 
Polimanteia. 
 
 that which hath bin, of that which may 
 bee, according to the naturall courfe 
 appoynted vnto all things by God him- 
 felfe. 
 
 ENG- 
 
ENGLAND TO 
 
 HER THREE DAVGH- 
 
 ters, Cambridge, Oxford, Innes 
 
 of Court, and to all 
 
 her Inhabitants. 
 
 F from the depth of 
 intyre affection, I take 
 vpo me to deale more 
 plainely, then your 
 honorably augmen- 
 ted dignities will well 
 permit ; or from too 
 fervent a loue, ouerweyingly valew you Libertie of 
 
 fpeechfits a 
 
 at too high a rate, perfwade your felues mother. 
 (if thefe be my faultes) that the name of 
 a mother hath a priueledge to excufe 
 them both : and howfoeuer a mother 
 to her daughters, might more fitly 
 fpeake in fecret and not hard, yet feeing 
 my naked trueth defires not to fhroude 
 
 it 
 
England to her 
 
 it felfe from my greateft enemie, I chal- 
 lenge thofe kingdomes that haue had 
 children, to be witneffe of my talke ; and 
 if either there be folly in me, for to loue 
 A thing mt fo much, or fault in you to deferue fo 
 
 affection : and accufe you of not defer- 
 uing, and fo fpeedily from Fames book 
 will I cancel out your praife, and recant 
 my loue to a mothers fhame. But if I 
 All Europe (iuftly fortunate) haue high caufe to 
 Engiandfor Commend you, & Europe for your fake, 
 
 her daugh- hath greater caufe to commend mee ; 
 iers. 
 
 then may I not lawfully with a mothers 
 
 loue, fhew the affection of a grandmo- 
 ther, to commend your children? And 
 although my reuenewes are fuch, as I 
 cannot giue you large patrimonies, yet 
 from my mouth fhall the whole world 
 take notice to giue you eternal praifes. 
 The time was (and happie time may I 
 fay) when in the gloria of my age, in the 
 prime of my youth, in the honor of my 
 dayes, in the fame of my defert, in the 
 multitude of my friends, I matched with 
 
 Sige- 
 
 24 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 Sigebertus fometimes my louing huf- Anno Dom. 
 band ; and howfoeuer my behauiour .■'°; T^' 
 
 ' •' bridge foun- 
 
 was farre from lightnes, my manners ded asfime 
 from loofenes, and my modeftie from 
 the leaft fufpeft, yet I was taken in the 
 corrupt mindes of fome fewe, to be too 
 familiar with Cantabrus the K. of Spayne, 
 the fuppofed father of Cambridge my el- 
 deft daughter : but to excufe my felfe, 
 (though there was no caufe) I proteft I 
 was free from fuch adulterie, lawfullie 
 married to Sigebert: by him was begot- 
 ten my eldeft daughter Cambridge: and 
 the fufpitio only proceeded from this, 
 that Cantabrus feeing me happie for fo 
 fweete a childe, was defirous to chriften 
 it, and calde it Cambridge, and after from 
 Athens fent for fome to nurfe her. Then 
 after Sigebertus death (fweete daughter 
 figh that he died fo foone) (for legacies 
 farre greater would he haue left thee) 
 courted deuoutly, I matched at laft 
 (wearie of my widdowhood) with wor- 
 thie Alfred: of him (fweet daughter Ox- Anno Dom. 
 ford) was thou borne: and howfoeuer ^^^^^^^-^'""'^ 
 P fome 
 
England to her 
 
 Caius di an- 
 
 tiquitate 
 
 Cantab. 
 
 Cambridge 
 more anciet. 
 
 Both admi- 
 rable &' both 
 matchlcffe. 
 
 fome fliadowes of difcord haue bin be- 
 twixt you two (a thing vfually incident 
 to your fex) which of you might chal- 
 lenge the firft place ; yet I muft needes 
 confeffe this, I lined long comforted on- 
 ly with one childe ; doubting I fhould 
 haue been aged and paft childbearing, 
 and then to my perpetuall comfort 
 (fweete Oxford) was thou . borne. And 
 howfoeuer thy elder fifter may chal- 
 lenge that fhe hath lined longer, yet ca- 
 fhe not boaft that either I haue loued 
 her better, or that fhe her felfe hath de- 
 ferued to be loued better. More fruit- 
 full Oxford haft thou bin ; (neither here- 
 in doe I comend thee) but more proud- 
 ly iealous (Cambridge) of thy honor haft 
 thou been ; yet both of you fo deare to 
 me, fo equally beloued, fo worthily ac- 
 counted of, fo walled with priuiledges, 
 fo crowned with all kinde of honor, as 
 both (vnequall to bee compared with 
 each other^ may in the higheft tearmes 
 bee preferred before the moft famous, 
 that Europe hath : the ftriue not betwixt 
 
 your 
 
 26 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 your felues, but both be vnite together : 
 
 ioj-ne hands, and if famous Alexandria, Alexandria 
 
 that fometime hued with high honour, "°^/7 
 
 who now lieth buried in her own afhes, 
 
 were flourifhing, to make comparifon, 
 
 let her knowe that within your walles, 
 
 (howfoeuer you reuerece hers for their 
 
 age) are many as famous as Athanajius, 
 
 many as full of learned varietie as Cle- Donors in 
 
 , r r 11 Cambridge 
 
 mens, and many farre more loundly re- ^ Oxford 
 ligious then them both. loyne I fay to- 
 gether and ftriue both to grace your Tkelnncsof 
 youngeft filler (daughter frowne not '^'""'^' 
 that I tearme thee youngeft :) (daugh- 
 ters frowne not that I tearme her your 
 fifter:) for although Ihe cannot bragge 
 of the fame progenie, nor hath recei- 
 ued fuch ample legacies from her de- 
 ceafed father, yet her beautie, her mo-^;' 
 deftie, her owne behauiour, hath mat-; 
 ched her with fuch noble families, as 
 both of you may be intertained by her, boi/i Uni- 
 & haue your children graced with "^'^Slnecd 
 fauour : you are both growne {^to of the Inncs 
 good yeares, grauitie befits you. But Ihe 
 P 2 is 
 
 27 
 
England to her 
 
 The mother 
 of peace. 
 
 Thefoun- 
 taine ofpoli- 
 cie. 
 
 The Innes of 
 court fal/ely 
 Jlandered to 
 be too loofe in 
 the educatia 
 of her youth. 
 
 is young, ftately, courtlike, and fuch a 
 one as fcornfully can anfwer her prou- 
 deft futers; nay her children are fo va- 
 liantly wife, as when my fubiects difa- 
 gree ftie makes them friends, when you 
 fall out fhe endeth all ftrife, & to whom 
 I haue committed now in my age the 
 gouernment of al my fubiects : then re- 
 pine not at her happines, if you loue 
 mine ; wifli that daylie fhe may growe 
 more honourable. And howfoeuer I 
 haue heard complaints, that fhe hath re- 
 ceiued fome of your children, and che- 
 rifhed them fo much, that fhe hath made 
 them wanton, yet (daughters) the fault 
 is not hers ; you your felues hauing bin 
 ancient mothers, can well iudge, that 
 youth (and youth plentifullie ftored 
 with all fauours) can hardly be reftrai- 
 ned to a ftricter courfe : fhe hath not 
 been careles, plentifully to fet before 
 them graue and worthie mirrhors of 
 wife fobrietie, who if your youth would 
 emulate, the fhould you caufeles com- 
 plaine of her kindnes : And for her, this 
 
 mufl 
 
 23 
 
three Daughters. 
 muft I fay (though I heare otherwife) Carefiuiof 
 
 1 I'll 1-1 -r t n '■^^ Vniuer- 
 
 tnat kindely, loumgly, and wifely ihe re-yj//„. 
 fpecteth you, as her elder fifters. Nei- 
 ther can it be, (howfoeuer perhaps fhee 
 might perfwade her felfe) that if I fhould 
 Hue to fee you buried (O vnfortunate if 
 I liue fo long) that (fweete daughters) 
 fhe alone could be fufficient to comfort 
 me ; nay my age and her youth, both fo 
 neerely depend vpon your welfare, as if 
 either yee dye (which I dare not thinke 
 of) or be offended with vs (which I will 1'^ /«"« of 
 
 _ /-\i»«i/-» r court jiot a- 
 
 not fuppofe) the defolate were our cafe, ^^, ^;^„^ ^^ 
 and both of vs like to be feene rmnoViS. f """■/''■ -^"S- 
 
 land with 
 
 Account of them then (daughter) as wifdome. 
 your elder fifters, and howfoeuer you 
 are youthful and full of fauour, yet they 
 are aged & full of honour : And though 
 it be the part of a mother equally to re- 
 fpect you all three, yet at my hufbands 
 fute (hee liuing) I fo bequeathed mine 
 honour vnto them two, as the ftay of Uniuerfuies 
 our houfe remaineth in them onely. z^,,,/ 
 Then I intreate thee (daughter) by the 
 loue which thou beareft to mine inha- 
 P 3 bitants : 
 
 29 
 
Athens. 
 
 Ante adue- 
 tum Chrifli 
 90. 
 
 Cofaius 
 Mcdices. 
 
 Padway. 
 
 England to her 
 
 bitants : by the care which thou haft of 
 thy owne fafety: and laftly by the due- 
 tie which thou oweft to me thy mother, 
 in all refpects to fauour thy fifters ho- 
 nour : in all caufes chiefely to intend 
 their good : and to bind thofe with a 
 facred vowe, who are thy pofteritie, to 
 feeke their glorie whilft the world en- 
 dureth. Stately Greece, who fometimes 
 was famous ouer al the world, had long 
 fmce beene buried in the eternall night 
 of darke forgetfulnes , if her daughter 
 Athens had not lincked her children in 
 marriage, with the greateft families in 
 all Europe : And renowned Florence 
 (daughters giue mee leaue to aduance 
 your petegree) (not halfe fo nobly 
 defcended as you are) being begotten 
 by Silla his fouldiers, a Pagan, borne in 
 the dayes of infidelitie, had neuer been 
 \ reputed as the flower of Italic, if laure- 
 at Petrarch, D antes, Accurjius, Aretin, 
 and laftly the famous Duke had not 
 made her indeard to the moft renow- 
 ned in all Greece. And Padtvay eterni- 
 zing 
 
 30 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 zing the riuer Po, had been long fince in 
 the middeft of her diftreffes, rafed out 
 of famous memories, if Rome liue-ma- 
 king Liuie had not beene noted to de- Liuk. 
 fcend from her. Then flourifh (kinde 
 daughters) all vnited in that manner, 
 that the world may knowe your pofte- A happie 
 ritie to bee fo linckt together, as that 
 my loue cannot bee greater to you all, 
 then all the worlde may fee that yours 
 is amongfl: your felues : Cambridge thou 
 once like the Queene of the Amazons, 
 for my honour accepted the proude 
 challenge of the Roman Champion ; and Campion. 
 thy children haue often fmce fo vah- 
 antly withftoode their learned foes, as 
 Rome can neither aduance her Bellar- Confuted by 
 min : Lotian her Stapleton, (nay mine by ^^^ 
 right) R/temes their margent : or the Confuted by 
 proudeft of them all, fay, they haue da- 
 red mee , and I haue not anfwered : nay 
 thy other fifter hath been fo forward in 
 that kinde , as the woundes fhee made, Humf-ey 
 are not yet cured. And if at home any "'"' ^' 
 bafe pefant, not valewing thy worth, 
 
 vpon 
 
 31 
 
England to her 
 
 Puritans. 
 Politickes. 
 Atheists. 
 Latv mnji 
 cut thefe 
 
 A thing of- 
 ten done. 
 
 vpon prefumption fliall do you wrong, 
 either hardly intreating your children, 
 denying them their names of honour, 
 defrauding them of their land : detrac- 
 ting from their fame ; your youngeft 
 fifter fhal be fo incenfed with it, as hum- 
 bling their pride, fhe fhall caufe them to 
 repent their boldnes : and think daugh- 
 ters, I intend not to fee you want, for no 
 fooner will I heare that you are diftref- 
 fed, but my nobilitie fhall redreffe your 
 wrong ; my citizens fhall relieue your 
 want ; and my fouldiers fhall procure 
 Your Toivnf- your peace. And for your fcoulding 
 
 men. 
 
 neighbours, vouchfafe not daughters 
 
 to contend with them ; humble not my 
 honour fo lowe, as to mate it with fuch 
 meane Knights. Paris, wife was thy Ja- 
 phets progenie, who made thy Sequan to 
 parte thy towne and thee. And great 
 Charles, thou wert great in this, to fore- 
 fee an Vniuerfitie and a towne, could 
 not well agree : My youngeft daughter 
 it was thy cafe, to haue one of thy chil- 
 dren vndeferuedly endangered by thy 
 
 often 
 
 32 
 
three Daughters. 
 often relieued neighbours. But as the Lincolnes 
 
 . Inne by the 
 
 excellencie of the object corrupts the chancery 
 fence : and Lyons are neuer fo furious, "'"' 
 as at the fight of a red colour : nor the 
 Elephants fo vnruly, as at the fhew of 
 the Mulberie ; fo my ignorant inhabi- 
 tants are no where fo rude, as placed fo 
 neare a funne : my Lyons are no where Ly om. 
 fo furious, as feeing your fcarlet gowns, 
 nor my Elephants fo vnruly, as tafting 
 of your powrefull and poyfon killing 
 mulberies. I would exhort you in more 
 ample tearmes, but that I knowe your 
 patience, and control them in a fharper 
 manner, but that I fee their furie : betake 
 your felues to more high atchieuemets. 
 Let your aged fit downe, and reft them Honour your 
 in honours chayre; fet your children to 
 write triumphing fongs for their mo- 
 thers victorie : (hew your quick difcer- 
 ning eyefight in thefe deceiuing times. 
 Let the world fee, that amongft your 
 children, wit hath fruitefully growne, in 
 this vntimely, niggardly blafting age : 
 wherein though blackemouthed enuie Rayiing 
 
 QAJTes. 
 repine -^ 
 
England to her 
 
 Young men 
 Jhould write 
 and inure 
 themfehtes 
 in f mailer 
 matters. 
 
 A fit taske 
 for thefineji 
 SchoUer. 
 
 repine at euery choyce conceit, tear- 
 ming it, either time or wit, or both idle- 
 lie imployed, yet my true difcernement 
 and a mothers loue, makes mee tearme 
 them natures works, made with a com- 
 paring pride, in thefe latter times to 
 fhew their excellencie : Yet follow not 
 fo farre the conceited imitation of for- 
 mer time, to take trifles for fubieftes to 
 work vpon, as therein meaning to make 
 art wondered at that worke of nothing. 
 Thoufands of obiects might bee found 
 out, wherein your high fpirited mufe 
 might flie an vnmatched pitch, & Phoe- 
 nix-like fire her felfe into immortall a- 
 fhes by the Sunne. So onely without 
 compare, eternallie (hould you Hue : for 
 in your children fhall the loue-writing 
 mufe of diuine Sydnay, and the pure 
 flowing ftreame of Chryftallin Spenfer 
 furuiue onely : write then of Elizas 
 raigne, a tafke onely meete for fo rare 
 a pen : it is eafie to giue immortalitie to 
 an euer-liuing Empreffe : or if this bee 
 matter, which the bafenes of thefe 
 
 worth- 
 
 34 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 worthlefle times, would hardlie prefer 
 
 before trifles, a thing fufficiet to accufe 
 
 this age of treafon) then take a tragicke 
 
 ftile, & mourne for the trulie Hon. Fer- Thelau 
 
 dinandos death : whom though fcattered ^^^^^ -■ ! 
 
 teares haue honoured in fome few fon- Dm-bie, who 
 
 died April 
 
 nets, yet he is a true worthie obiect of e- 1593. 
 uerlafting mourning for the facred Nmer e- 
 Mufes : who languiihmg with late lor- ^^^ 
 row for the fathers death, want ftrength ^^0 '^''"^' 
 
 Sept. 1593. 
 
 and leafure to weepe for the Sonnes e- 
 clipfe : honour him fweete daughters 
 children, who liuing honoured you : and 
 control with the mufes pen the repining 
 fates, fo farre as giue him immortalitie, 
 and caufe him liue to defpight them. Cantabri- 
 Thus wept you for famous Sydnay, my ^^ ^ 
 braue fouldier : and men Hon. are one- 
 ly fit to be mourned for by your Mufes : 
 which if being made forrowfull they 
 require larger matter to mourne for. 
 Then name but Hatton, the Mufes fauo- sir Chrijh- 
 rite : the Churches mufick : Learnings ^'chanL 
 Patron, my once poor Hands orna- '^"''e''^"^- 
 
 land. 
 
 ment : the Courtiers grace, the SchoUars 
 
 Q 2 coun- 
 
 35 
 
England to her 
 
 Aurea pul- 
 uereis, prse- 
 ftant aeterna 
 caducis. 
 
 A thing fit 
 onely to he 
 done by the. 
 
 countenance, and the Guardes Cap- 
 taine. Thames I dare auouch wil become 
 teares : the fweeteft perfumes of the 
 Court will be fad fighes : euerie action 
 fhall accent griefe ; honor and eternitie 
 fhall ftriue to make his tombe, and after 
 curious skill and infinite coft, ingraue 
 this with golden letters, Minits merito : 
 the fainting Hind vntimely chafde fhall 
 trip towards heauen, and tandem Ji fhall 
 be vertues mot. Or if fad Melancholic 
 (daughters) difpleafe your Mufes (a 
 thing well agreeing with my age) then 
 take the courfe to canonize your owne 
 writers, that not euery bald ballader to 
 the preiudice of Art, may paffe currant 
 with a Poets name, but that they onely 
 may bee r eput ed Hon. by that tearme, 
 that fhall Hue priuiledged vnder your 
 pennes : For not precife Anstarckus, or 
 aged cenforing Cato, might challenge 
 greater priuiledge of trueth, then your 
 free toongd and vn-aw-bound skill : I 
 fpeake this (daughters) not to that ende 
 to make your children like the peremp- 
 tory 
 
 36 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 tory Criticks of this age, but to difwade 
 you from the fault of the comrrion peo- 
 ple, the cruel miflike of your owne, and 
 the intollerable flatterie of ftrangers 
 wits. And if this or fuch like be not mat- 
 ter, wherein your deare cherifhed mufe 
 may iuftly delite it felfe, and fweetely 
 pleafe others, then fmg of warres, and oftht 
 of learned valour : of Mineruas foe-dan- '^f ''■'/« 
 
 FlaunderSf 
 
 ting fhield : of il/«;'i'-conquering honor : on the Sea. 
 of the Courts Loadftarre : of Englands '' 
 Scipio : of France his ayde : of Fames glo- /« Fraunce. 
 rie : of the Mufes eldeft forme : of Arts 
 ornament : of vertues miracle : of Reli- 
 gions champion : of thrife honorable. The euery 
 & worthilie-worthie-honoured-noble- „,J'^^,^,/7(,/- 
 
 EJfex. (Daughter Cambridge) he was Epx. 
 
 In THniiie 
 fometimes thy care, thou now art be- coiledoe. 
 
 come his ; bee proud that thou gaueft 
 
 fucke to fo braue a man ; and affure thy 
 
 felfe (yet flacke not to honor him) that A patron of 
 
 hee will willinglie beftowe that milkej^^^ "'^^J"^;^^ 
 
 (which is now made bloud) with inte- ^'""^^ "f 
 
 ^ Court. 
 
 reft in thy quarrel ; howfoeuer flack not, 
 
 but write ; fleepe not, but fing ; let your 
 
 Q 3 mor- 
 
 37 
 
England to her 
 
 Sweet Ma- 
 Jier Campio, 
 
 Britton. 
 Percie. 
 
 Willobie. 
 Fraunce. 
 Lodge. 
 MaJUr Da- 
 uis of L. I. 
 Drayton. 
 Learned M. 
 Plat. 
 
 Ballad ma- 
 kers. 
 
 A work how- 
 foetter not 
 respeiled yet 
 excellently 
 done by Th. 
 Kidd. 
 
 mornings mufe like Aurora blufbing 
 march her equipage, in her ftatelieft 
 bufkind Poetrie. I know Cambridge how- 
 foeuer now old, thou haft fome young, 
 bid them be chaft, yet- fuffer them to be 
 wittie ; let them be foundly learned, yet 
 fuffer them to be gentlemanlike quali- 
 fied : Oxford thou haft many, and they 
 are able to fmg fweetly when it pleafe 
 thee. And thou youngeft of all three, 
 either in Hexameter Englifti, thou art 
 curious (but that thou learnedft of my 
 daughter Cambridge) or in any other 
 kinde thou art fo wifely merrie, as my 
 felfe (though olde) am often delighted 
 with thy muficke, tune thy fweet ftrings, 
 & fmg what pleafe thee. Now me thinks 
 I begin to fmile, to fee how thefe fmaller 
 lights (who not altogether vnworthily 
 were fet vp to expel darknes) blufhing- 
 lie hide themfelues at the Suns appeare. 
 Then fhould not tragickie Garnier haue 
 his poore Cornelia ftand naked vpon e- 
 uery pofte : then fhould not Times com- 
 plaint delude with fo good a title : then 
 
 fhould 
 
 38 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 ftiould not the Paradife of daintie deui- 
 fes bee a packet of balde rimes : then 
 fhould not Zepheria, Cephalus and Pro- But by the 
 
 I 1 Ti-/--/- \i-i greedy Prin- 
 
 ens (workes I difpraife not) hke water- ^^„y-^ ,„^^^ 
 me pluck euery paffinger by the fleeue -.projlitute 
 
 that they are 
 
 then euery braineles toy fhould not v- contemned. 
 
 furpe the name of Poetrie : then fliould 
 
 not the mufes in their tinfell habit be fo Nor Poetrie 
 
 bafely handled by euery rough fwaine ; ^ 
 
 then fhould not loues humour fo tyran- 
 
 nife ouer the chaft virgines : the fhould 
 
 honor be mournd for in better tearms. 
 
 Cambridge make thy two childre frieds, 
 
 thou haft been vnkinde vnto the one to 
 
 weane him before his time ; & too fond 
 
 vpon the other to keepe him fo long z>. Hanuy 
 
 without preferment [:] the one is ancient, 
 
 & of much reading, the other is young 
 
 but ful of wit : tell them both thou bred 
 
 the, and brought the vp : bid the ancient 
 
 forbeare to offer wrong ; tel the yonger Doctores u 
 
 he fhall fufifer none : bid him that is free 
 
 by law, think it a fhame to be entangled others of 
 
 in fmall matters : but tell the other, he ^ "'^'"^> '^^ 
 
 ' jitjor a 
 
 muft leaue to meditate reuenge, for his SchoiUr to 
 
 inueigh a- 
 
 aduer- gai„ji. 
 
 39 
 
England to her 
 
 Great pittU. 
 
 Forfellow- 
 Jhips. 
 
 Many 
 Graduats 
 vnmestfor 
 the common 
 wealth. 
 
 Lamentable 
 when it is fo 
 in a common 
 wealth. 
 
 England 
 great care 
 in appoyn- 
 ting her offi- 
 cers. 
 
 adverfarie (and let that fuffice for al re- 
 uenge) (to learnings iniurie) liues vn- 
 regarded. And daughter (but I lift not 
 chide thee) I heare thou art in prefer- 
 ring growne too partiall : thou loueft 
 finifterly thy felfe, and has quite for- 
 gotten me thy mother ; it is thy fifters 
 fault, as well as thine, you both of you 
 preferre fuch into your priuat fauours, 
 grace them with degrees, giue the pla- 
 ces ; but I will fay nothing becaufe 
 ftrangers heare me) who of all other 
 are moft vnmeete to do me good : nay, 
 that which doth vexe me more, you fay 
 all herein you are mother like : What ? 
 haue I preferd to dignitie in the Com- 
 mon wealth, fuch as the world in true 
 eftimate, haue thought vnmeete ? Haue 
 I relied vpon them, as vpon Atlas fhoul- 
 ders, who were vnmeete for fo great a 
 burden ? Haue I euer ventured my felfe 
 in the field vnder their enfignes, who! 
 were reputed cowards ? Did I euer im- 
 ploy in forraine matters, fuch as were 
 vnfit for priuate caufes ? Nay, I proteft 
 
 for 
 
 40 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 for thefe 36. yeres I haue alwayes cared 
 to take them neareft into my fauour, 
 who were beft acquainted with wif- '^^'' "^■^' 
 
 Honorabh 
 
 domes fecret. I relied vpon thofe in my LL. of the 
 peace, who NeJior-X\Vt, were wife ^^Pj^'V Coun- 
 preuent warre : I trufted to thofe in my Valiant cap. 
 warres, who HectorASk^ were valiant to Learned 
 procure my peace : I fent fuch into for- ^'"^"■ffa- 
 
 dors. 
 
 raine countries, as birth made Hon. ex- Ben. Darby. 
 
 perience wife ; education learned : thefe 
 
 haue beene my honors : and if I haue 
 
 faultes (children) they proceede from 
 
 you. But I am loath to doe you the leafl Vniuer/aies 
 
 , , . , , . , not to be con- 
 
 wrong: and to charge you with vnkmd- ^^^/,^ ^^ ^^. 
 nes in my laft age : for vnleffe I haue e- ''y '"^'* ''""" 
 
 ceipt. 
 
 uer doted (a thing eafie in fo great a 
 loue) Frauitce my fifter (for I will begin 
 with her) cannot fo much brag of Paris, '^'^^ ^"i- 
 
 J-. , r n , uerfuies of 
 
 Orleance, Lyons, Rhemes, or the proudeft Praunce, 
 of all her children: as I may iuflly of yon''"^ "i""-'^ '" 
 
 ours in Eng- 
 
 three. Germanie hath painefuU Bafill, and land. 
 
 pleafant populous Frankefort : where ^^"^ ^ 
 
 Ceres, Bacchus, the Naiades & Dryades do Pounded 
 
 1506. 
 march together, & yet thefe too meane 
 
 R to 
 
 / 41 
 
Anna. 1457. 
 
 England to her 
 
 to compare with you I paffe by Italics 
 of-fpring, who of long time hath caried 
 her felfe with excefiiue pride. Ritch Ve- 
 nice, with her 400. bridges : great Mil- 
 layn, proude Genua, fertill Bomonia, aun- 
 cient Rauema, noblie honorable Naples, 
 (once Parthinope:) holy Rome, and faire 
 Florence. Thus they were tearmed long 
 fmce, but now vnequall to compare 
 with you : Salernitana fometimes could 
 giue counfell, when fhe fliewed her care 
 and fkil to my deare Henry, but now ob- 
 fcurelie fhee lieth defolate : you may 
 paffe thefe farre, & without prefumpti- 
 on compare with Toledo, Spaynes Na- 
 uell : with Vienna fearefuU to the Turkes : 
 The Papists you are talkt of euery where, and falfe- 
 gaineEng- ^^^ Romc goeth aboute to intice your 
 ujh students, children, offering them kingdomes 
 
 to forfake you : (daughters) fpare 
 not, take what I haue and beftowe vp- 
 on them : let them not whilft I Hue, for- 
 fake you for want of liuing : my wealth 
 and poffefllons that I haue, are intended 
 chieflie to your good : and howfoeuer 
 
 either 
 
 To King 
 Henry %. 
 
 42 
 
three daughters. 
 
 either the bafe cormorant, or the poore 
 citie-vfurer , or the wanton fpend-thrift, ^^- '^'"^" 
 
 they haue 
 
 take themfelues to haue more intereft more reafoa 
 in my fubftance then you haue, yet they'jJ'^^J 
 vfurpe vpon my kindenes, and make&x 
 mee beieeue, that the two ftaies of my 
 age (you my children for peace, and my 
 fouldiers for warre) haue both enough : An vntruth. 
 I haue made lawes to augment your 
 reuenewes by your rent come : I pro- 
 uided lately for my fouldiers, whe 'Cs\&y Engiands 
 were in want: credit mee children, my "^ Tf"'^"^^ " 
 
 ' of learmiig, 
 
 care is of you onely ; for vnleffe you di- 
 rect them, their plentie is dangerous to 
 breed rebellion : their force is doubt- 
 full to make them difobedient : their ho- 
 nor likely to grow tyrannous, and what 
 foeuer they inioy without you, to bee 
 dangerous to the Common wealth. Let 
 your children (daughters) content the- 
 felues : leaue to repine at bafer fortunes : 
 let them be perfwaded of this, that '^zxa.t sdwiieys 
 fliall be their feruant, Honour fhall ^^^^"i;J^"'" 
 their fubiect, Glory flialbe their crown, 
 Eternitie their inheritance : (then in- 
 R 2 deard 
 
 4,t 
 
England to her 
 
 M. Alabla- 
 ster. 
 
 Spenfer and 
 others. 
 
 Lylia clou- 
 ded, whofe 
 tearfs are 
 making. 
 
 All praife 
 
 luortky. 
 
 Lucrecia 
 
 Sweet Shak- 
 
 fpeare. 
 
 Eloquent 
 
 Gaueston, 
 
 deard wit decking admired daughters) 
 write and let the worlde know that hea- 
 uens harmonie is no muficke, in refpect 
 of your fweete, and well arte-tuned 
 firings : that Italian Ariosto did but fha- 
 dowe the meaneft part of thy mufe, that 
 TaJJbs Godfrey is not worthie to make 
 compare with your truelie eternizing 
 Elizas ftile : let France-admired Bellaw, 
 and courtlike amarous Roufard con- 
 feffe that there be of your children, that 
 in thefe latter times haue farre furpaf- 
 fed them. Let diuine Bartajfe eternally 
 praife worthie for his weeks worke, fay 
 the befh thinges were made firft : Let o- 
 ther countries (fweet Cambridge) enuie, 
 (yet admire) my Virgil, thy petrarch, di- 
 uine Spenfer. And vnleffe I erre, (a thing 
 eafie in fuch fimplicitie) deluded by 
 deariie beloued Delia, and fortunatelie 
 fortunate Cleopatra ; Oxford thou maift 
 extoll thy court - deare - verfe happie 
 Daniell, whofe fweete refined mufe, in 
 contracted (hape, were fufficient a- 
 
 mongfb 
 
 44 
 
three Daugters. 
 
 mongft men, to gaine pardon of the Wanton 
 finne to Rofemond, pittie to diftreffed ^'^'"'"• 
 
 Watfons 
 
 Cleopatra, and euerliuing praife to her heyre. 
 louing Delia : Regifter your childrens ^Id'Antho' 
 petegree in Fames forehead, fo may ^'^^ ^'M- 
 
 ueth immor- 
 
 you fill volumes with Chaufers praife, tail praife 
 with Lydgate, the Scottifh Knight, and-^7^''^^.'^''"'^ 
 
 of that di- 
 
 fuch like, whofe vnrefined tongues uine Lady 
 farre fhort of the excellencie of this ii,^„a cont:'. 
 age, wrote fimplie and purelie as the '''"s '^tk 
 
 Pindanis 
 
 times weare. And when bafe and in- was oft vi- 
 iurious trades, the fworne enemies toff"^"'^'.^ 
 
 Sir Dauid 
 
 Learnings eternitie (a thing vfuall) Lynfay. 
 fhall haue deuoured them, either with noraUy ho- 
 the fretting cancker worme of mouldie ""^^'^ ^yf" 
 
 fwiet a Po?. 
 
 time: with Arabian fpicerie : with eng- Diana. 
 lifh honnie : with outlandifli butter 
 (matters of imployment for the aged 
 dayes of our late authors) yet that then 
 fuch (if you thinke them worthie) in 
 defpite of bafe Grofers, (whome I Prucui hinc, 
 charge vpon paine of learnings curfe P'^°^"ii'e 
 
 ■^ " ) profani. 
 
 not to handle a leafe of mine) may liue 
 by your meanes, canonized in lear- 
 
 R 3 ning 
 
 45 
 
England to her 
 
 nings catalogue. I am loath to bee too 
 long in my aduiferaents to you (wife 
 daughters :) and therefore heere I peri- 
 od them, wifhing you (if neede bee) to 
 England to make mine apologie : not that I fainte 
 
 be daftmteii tin 
 
 byfchoiurs. to maintaine the leaft parte of my cre- 
 dit, againft any male-contented felfe- 
 conceited, vnregarded malicious fub- 
 iect, but that Europe in this age, delited 
 onelie with things perfonall, fliall not 
 bring mee vpon the theater in matter 
 of fuch defignements, to ftand (againft 
 my owne inhabitants) to the fauoura- 
 ble courtefie of their wife Cenfors. 
 
 Your learned Daughters followe their counfell, and 
 
 Doaors. " 
 
 honour fuch, as I haue for wifedome 
 loued, for yeares and authoritie ap- 
 pointed to rule ouer you : let not your 
 younger children defpife their aged 
 
 Cherijhyoiir brethren, loue them as becommeth mo- 
 thers, and I will fend for them in conue- 
 
 The fault of ntent time (as their grandmother) to 
 gouerne my common wealth. And be- 
 caufe fhee fhall not thinke I neglect her, 
 
 reade 
 
 40 
 
three Daughters. 
 
 reade what I haue written to mine inha- 
 bitants in her behalfe: iudge how I ftand 
 affectionate; God graunt you may all 
 followe my aduife, fo fliall I finde you 
 trufbie, and you me to be mofte louing: 
 then fliall the world feare mee, for fuch 
 worthie children: and enuie you for fo 
 kinde a mother. But heere (children) I 
 muft ende with you, and fpeake to the 
 reft of my wife inhabitants. 
 
 ENG- 
 
 47 
 
England too 
 kind. 
 
 ENGLAND TO AL 
 
 HER INHABITANTS. 
 
 F the fad & iufh com- 
 plaint of a mournful 
 (vniuftlie wronged) 
 mother, would giue 
 my teares but truce fo 
 long as my tongue 
 had told my tale; then 
 could I eafily perfwade my felfe, that a 
 matter fo full rathe fhould gaine pitie, 
 and that thefe often Hopped periods 
 fhould gaine credite : But feeing faults 
 done by fuch as had no reafon to wifh 
 me euil, & my grief increafed by thofe, 
 who might iuftlie haue been my com- 
 fort ; giue me leaue to leaue thofe, who 
 She/peaketh vnkindly forfooke me, and exhort the, 
 "that'h whom aboad tearmes Englifli men ; na- 
 
 fUd the land, ture children ; and dutie fubiects. 
 
 And 
 herein 
 
 48 
 
ker Inhabitants. 
 
 herein firft forefeeing the euils to come 
 I will renew the fpeech of the Romane 
 Orator in the cafe begu in the per- 
 fon of Africanus. This age hauing re- " 
 ceiued into her hands the Common- " 
 wealth, refembling a table of moft cu- " 
 rious and exact workmanfhip, yet ob- " 
 fcured (as it were) and darkened with " 
 old age , doth fo blame her felfe that a- " 
 nie fhal go about to renew her colours, " 
 that fhe hath not fo much as care to pre- " 
 ferue her rude darke dimmed and ob-" 
 fcured fhadowes : for what is left now " 
 of the ancient Romane manners, which " 
 happely fometim^ fuftained the Com- " 
 mon wealth ? Where is now that wor- " 
 thie and ancient honor due to the lear- " 
 ned Student and couragious Souldier ? " 
 Thefe are fo long fmce worne out of" 
 vfe, as Rome that fometimes florifhed, " 
 feemes now to want the verie remem- " 
 brance of them. It is needfull therefore " 
 that I (hould awake the eternally famo-" 
 fed perfonages of olde, who lined pnce " 
 honourable to their countrie, but now " 
 S lye 
 
 49 
 
England to all 
 
 "lye dead, and their vertues buried with 
 
 "them, becaufe few or none can be foud 
 
 "to followe their example. Wee Hue to 
 
 "render an account for this offence, but 
 
 " God graunt wee bee not found faultie 
 
 " and chaftifed for our labour : for it is 
 
 " not by chance but by our finne, that we 
 
 " haue but the appearance of a ftate well 
 
 "gouerned, the trueth whereof we haue 
 
 "loft long fince. This Orator weighing 
 
 the vertue and honeftie of the ancient 
 
 Romealte- Romanes, againft the ambition & ryo- 
 
 ^'^' tous demeanour of his time, found that 
 
 his feare was not caufeles, for the ruine 
 
 The comma of the CommoH Wealth. In like manner 
 
 'rabie that' "^^^ ^ poore defolate and diftreffed cai- 
 
 hath hey foes tifc doe, if within my bowels vntimely 
 
 within her , , , ^ ,,. , ^ , . 
 
 feife_ bred by my owne follie, be found fignes 
 
 of greater daunger ; and not fo much 
 remaining as the verie name of hone- 
 ftie ; for to my vnfufferable & vnpitied 
 Excejeof gfiefe, Modejlie & Sobrietie are changed 
 thefe times. jj^^^ ^jj manner of diffolution. There 
 could not bee found amongft them in 
 the fober times of our forefathers fuch 
 
 needles 
 
 S° 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 needles exceffe of all fuperfluities : for 
 
 they were fober, frugall, and full of 
 
 ftrength, fit to labour the earth and to 
 
 weild armes, knowing, as Alexander the { 
 
 Great made remonftrance to them of 
 
 Macedon, who fawe Darius his armie 
 
 fhine with gold, that all that fumptuous 
 
 fliowe ftiould bee nothing but a richer 
 
 fpoyle to them which were clad with 
 
 yron. Late is the time fince the Lowe Notfafefor 
 
 Countries, Images of my ftate, and ^Y"""'!'" 
 
 ' ° J ' bragge of 
 
 glaffe whereby to addreffe my felfe ; wealth if the 
 fince the Duke of Burgonie, as Comincsus i^„^^i(_ 
 writeth , could gaine nothing of the 
 Swizard for his poore pouertie : And 
 howfoeuer in Ccsfars time, conquering 
 ambition that ment to make the Ro- 
 mane ;Eagle pearch vnder the North- 
 pole, could hardly bee content to fufifer 
 me to Hue free from inuafion, yet now 
 my abundance hath made me an eye 
 fore to my neighbour Kings, and the 
 vaine fuperfluities of fome hath made 
 the world beleeue that my Albion cliffes 
 are white rockes of pure Diamont : and 
 S 2 that 
 
 51 
 
England to all 
 
 that vnder pretence of burning coale, 
 
 my poore inhabitants digge our mines 
 
 of burnifht gold. Sparta howfoeuer thy 
 
 The fault of wife counfelling Licurgus aduifed thee 
 
 JEmpires, 
 
 often, yet vntimely didft thou perifh by 
 
 this meanes : And Rome late mentioned 
 
 to honours infamie, thou hadft neuer 
 
 been fpoyled by the Gaules fought vnto 
 
 by the of Carthage, facked by the Gothes 
 
 & Vadals, if thy ftreets had not bin hung 
 
 with tapeftrie, thy Matrons brau'd it in 
 
 their golden chariots, and thy young 
 
 men vnaduifedly lafciuious (as mine 
 
 doe at this day) neglect their home 
 
 borne poore, and brag of their wealth, 
 
 as to make challenge by proclamation 
 
 to the whole world ; what can this bee, 
 
 but vntimely fet me to faile ? make me 
 
 a pray to the neuer glutted couetuous 
 
 monfter ? enuies marke ; & that which 
 
 my owne cannot fpend faft enough by 
 
 prodigalitie, that to caufe others to 
 
 rob me of by tyrannic ; and that which 
 
 is worft of al, fewe or none (but diftref- 
 
 fed I) confider the harmes caufed by 
 
 thefe 
 
 S2 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 thefe euils. For to remember the times Lawes/or 
 neuer to be forgotten, when old Brutus-^^!^" '^' , " 
 
 ** ' Jtneivss of a 
 
 liu'd, feuere lawes prohibiting thefe in- Kingdome. 
 temperancies (which howfoeuer made 
 in abundance feeme to fleepe at this 
 day) with feuere difcipHne ftrengthned 
 the fmewes of my Common wealth, 
 forbidding me thereby to come to dif- 
 folution and couetoufneffe ; imitating 
 
 their eftates who haue highly rifen by 
 obferuation of fuch lawes, and by their 
 continuall paynes, gained that fame, pienUe and 
 which I loofe by my perpetuall eafe. O 'z' '/ 
 if thofe ancient lawes, if thofe ftrict and Kingdome^ 
 feuere cuftoms had renewed their force 
 in the midft of me, they would haue fer- 
 ued to haue remedied my euill, by want 
 whereof I feare my ftate fhall be no bet- 
 ter then Rome or Sparta ; betwixt whom 
 thefe lawes (hauing loft their vertue) in 
 ftead of emulation for woorth in true 
 honor, they proudly bandied vaine ti- Protid KUg- 
 tles, ftriuing which fhould be moft ^ro- 1'"" '""■' 
 digal ; and thus each corrupting other, 
 both became fo diftreffed, that they 
 S 3 were 
 
 53 
 
England to all 
 
 Hcfw Rome 
 fill. 
 
 Loo/e plea- 
 fure begets 
 treafon. 
 
 were compelled to retaile that which 
 they had bought by groffe, and in the 
 end remaine a perpetuall example of a 
 memorable vengeance, and fo make 
 Rome fubiect to Ccefars Tiberius, and o- 
 ther tyrannies. Behold a true mirrhor 
 which makes me fee my fentence to bee 
 iuft ; and that there is no plague more 
 deadly poyfonfull, then pleafure, whofe 
 rafh defires prefume vpon gouernmet, 
 and not fearing to touch her facred 
 throne, fill the land ful of treafons ; the 
 fubiects full of impietie ; and in the end 
 doth ruinate the whole ftate: This I 
 might witneiTe by fundrie, whofe excef- 
 fiue pride and intollerable pleafures 
 putrifying the ayre, haue filled their 
 houfes with contagion, fiered their 
 walles, and the earth as wearie hath de- 
 uoured them vp. But that which befides 
 thefe (for thefe I filently paffe as being 
 but the faults of fome fewe) which doth 
 make my feare to increafe daily, & (like 
 the warlike engine that ploweth fur- 
 rowes in the armie) fhall batter downe 
 
 the 
 
 S4 
 
her inhabitants. 
 the walles of my peace (if prouifion mW'ordvn- 
 
 . tieth the ar- 
 
 time preuent not fo foule a mifchiefe) \^mourofa 
 the hatefull difcord vntying thofe firine^~ 
 knottes, which once bound my armor 
 fo fafte about mee, that I contemned o- 
 pen violence, as being too weake to en- 
 counter mee, and fcorned vndermining 
 treacherie, as being too foolifli to 
 fupplant my profperitie. For where 
 are now become thefe renowmed a- 
 mities of our forefathers ? thefe com- 
 mon refolutions fometime vfuall to Happy dates. 
 mine inhabitants ? thofe iealous mindes 
 impatient of ftrangers pride ? vniting 
 themfelues, leaft forreiners fhould doe 
 them wrong ? what is become of that 
 once vfed true-hearted loue towardes 
 me their countrie ? hath not enuie, diffi- 
 mulation and needeles difcord, fo fha- 
 ken the pillars of my age ? the ftaye of 
 mine honor ? the fortreffe of my Hand ? 
 and the pofteritie of my land ? that my 
 diuines may fay, Ephraim is against Ma- 
 nafses, ManaJJes againji Ephraim, and 
 both against Juda ; that my tragick-wri- 
 
 ters 
 
 55 
 
England to all 
 
 Mi/erabU 
 Jlate that is 
 fo. 
 
 Let the trai- 
 tors accu/e 
 me if they 
 ■can. 
 
 A thing 
 done in other 
 countries. 
 
 Yet thefe no 
 taufes to be 
 rebelliotis. 
 
 ■Difcorde. 
 
 Whom God 
 ■keefcth in 
 defpight of 
 ihem. 
 
 ters may compare me to poore Jocajla 
 that Eteocles and Pellinyces haue both 
 forgotten that one wombe bare them 
 both ; fmale diftance parted but thofe 
 two teates, which fo often gaue them 
 both fucke, nor could that (hatred) af- 
 ter death liuing hatred, pofllblie pro- 
 ceede from poore locajla : And let thefe 
 fpeake, (if fhame will let them fpeake) if 
 the lead fhew of harme, the fmalleft fha- 
 dowe of iniurie, if pretence were giuen 
 of the lead wrong by my meanes : did I 
 fpoyle them of their wealth ? and clofe 
 lie folde them to be a praie to ftrangers ? 
 did I banifh without caufe, their kinfe- 
 men, wiues, or children to Hue diftref- 
 fed in a forraine countrie ? did I hide ni- 
 gardly the benefites of my peace, and 
 plentie from them ? Let him anfwer me 
 that is moft vnthankeful, hath iuft caufe 
 been offered on my part, why difcorde 
 diftracting my inhabitants, (houlde lay 
 me open to the fpoile of mine enemies ? 
 could their caufe proceed from a poore 
 Hand, that I fhould haue my princeffe 
 
 fur- 
 
 ■;<5 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 furprifed by treafon ? my nobilitie de- A thing ofte 
 
 „ , , o 1- 1 -1 1- attempted. 
 
 famed by flander ? my ftatelie buildmgs ^y^^/^. 
 vndermined by tyrannic ? and my felfe 
 left comfortles to lament my fortune ? 
 was it (englifli men) (for though cruel- 
 tie forbids, yet kindenes makes mee fo 
 tearme you) was it (I fay) any iuft caufe, 
 but fuppofed, by my meanes? I am \oz!Ca. No Hand cs. 
 .to vpbraide your vnthankfulnes, by ^^- greater be- 
 
 membring of my fauours. Haue you "^'-^ *" ^"^ 
 
 inhabitants. 
 
 not had (and fo long may haue,) vnleffe 
 your felues be iniurious to your felues, 
 3l Princeffe truelie nobled with all ver- 
 tues, a Queene matchles, in whome ho- Elizabeth. 
 nors vnfteined pure die, hath fet foorth 
 fuch liuely colours, as enemies muft 
 (and doe) feare : friendes ought and 
 ftiould loue : whome the age now pre- 
 fent muft admire, and the time follow- 
 ing flill praifing, wonder at ; more cour- 
 teous then the churle-fauing Abigal: 
 more courtly then the friendes-hono- 
 ring Hejler: more valiant then prince- 
 killing Judith ; who bleffing me by her 
 meanes with a plentious peace, & beau- 
 T tifying 
 
 57 
 
England to all 
 
 tifying her courte with etemall praife, 
 
 hath made both to bee enuies marke in 
 
 No pen able her enemies eye ; the fhadowing Cedar 
 
 to praife fuf' 
 
 to her diftrefled friends : and the force 
 
 ficientty. 
 
 conquering fworde to her profeffed 
 foes. There might my mufe dare to flie a 
 matchles pitch, but that faintinglie, I 
 feel my Jcarian wings to melt with the 
 heate of fo bright a funne, this onelie 
 fhall fuffice without further repeatings 
 of her worth, thereby to make your 
 faulte far greater conceiued with teares, 
 accented with fighes ; and vttered by 
 truethes naked or atrefle ; that what 
 praife euer wifdome gained (as al praife 
 is but wifedomes due) that fame is, and 
 fhall bee your (facred princeffe) her in- 
 heritance, who hath fo- often contended 
 whether her glorie might mount high- 
 er vnto fames tower, blowne vp with the 
 vowes of mortall men ; or her thankes 
 afcend further vnto heauen, conueyed 
 by thoufand Seraphims. Liue the, though 
 forrowfull to fee mee fad (diuine and 
 renowmed Empreffe) earths glorie, re- 
 ligions 
 
 58 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 ligions comfort, admired wifdomes in- 
 heritrix, here perpetualHe to bee prai- 
 fed of men, and elfe where immortallie 
 to be crowned of God himfelfe. Haue i^o land fa 
 you not had thoufands of worthie and '"""■''■ 
 braue ladies bewtifying poore me, who 
 all feeme veftall-like to haue lighted 
 virginities lampe, from the euer-bur- 
 ning taper of chafte Elizas vertues ? 
 Haue you not had in me (things hardlie Graueand 
 found elfe where) fage and wife Nejlors, a^J„ ^^^^ 
 fuch whofe flate guiding wifedomes England 
 
 ,. ,.r • Jlillhad. 
 
 were able to equalize (if it were not xhejlregth 
 your faulte) mee a poore Hand to -Ccit "f " '''"S'^om 
 
 are lawes. 
 
 former monarchies : were but thofe fa- and their ex- 
 
 , , , J ecution the 
 
 mous and neuer enough commended ,^^„^j, ^^ 
 lawes, made by them in their deepe fcan- expdlfeare 
 
 from her 
 
 ning iudgements, practifed by you, theny„^j^^^. 
 how fhuld I iuftly pride it in my worth, ^"^^^^'"f, 
 
 * may injlly 
 
 & bee vahantly couragious where nov^ glory of her 
 
 , . ,, .i,r,ir three daugh- 
 
 I feare ? haue you not had for the fpace ^^„ 
 of thefe many yeares, though but two, 
 yet eternalHe famoufed vniuerfities, i. Cabridge. 
 
 Cambridge and Oxford, where Englands 2. Oxford. 
 youth haue learned fuch worthie pre- 3. imtes of 
 
 court. 
 
 T 2 cepts, 
 
 59 
 
England to all 
 
 Noit this. 
 
 A thing mi- 
 feralle when 
 the Vniuer- 
 Jities are 
 poore. 
 
 A ■wicked fo- 
 licie. 
 
 An vndoub- 
 ted truth. 
 
 The Spani- 
 ard. 
 
 cepts, as ill befeemes the to requite me 
 with fuch ingratitude? Thefe ferue to 
 beautifie (in their want) my plentie with 
 their wifedom, whileft you (vngratefuU 
 you) in your pletie feeke through their 
 want, to contemne their wifedome : here 
 could I iuflly complaine for them, but 
 that I want teares to expreffe my owne 
 forrowe : for I fee thofe who moft are 
 bound (if benefites receiued might 
 binde) to refpect them, in the iniurious 
 opinion of learned-modeft-naked-hu- 
 
 militie wrongfully to depriue them of 
 things neceffarie : And leaft they (hould 
 grow too glorious, to obfcure the too 
 farre to learnings infamie. I ceafe to re- 
 peate the fmaller fauours, (matters iuft- 
 ly deferuing a thankfull loyaltie) & con- 
 tent my felfe with thefe ; that for the 
 greateft benefites that euer inhabitants 
 enioyed fmce Paradices firft erection, I 
 diftreffed Hand haue (by difcord of my 
 owne) lamentably indured the greateft 
 wrongs : my enemies haue feene into 
 the feed plots of my difcord long fmce, 
 
 and 
 
 60 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 and haue found them to threaten my 
 
 ruine, they haue bred diffentions, and Pope. 
 
 make me nourifli them to my owne A&-%7s''ZTaU 
 
 ftruction, they haue ftroolc fire into the ^'^'«'^ ''^ ""^ 
 
 difcord. 
 
 tmder of my foft heart, and haue made 
 
 me blow it till I burne to afhes. Is it the Thecaufeaf 
 
 inequalitie of codition that makes this "'' '' 
 
 difcord? Is it the might of fome few o- 
 
 uerfhadowing the meaner, that fils you 
 
 with enuie againft mee ? I cannot liue a Kingdom 
 
 howfoeuer Plato foolifhly dreamed) "'"'f'^:'"'^ 
 
 ^ ' without ine- 
 
 but my harmonie mufl bee made of di- qualitie. 
 uers founds ; my fmewes muft bee of 
 fundrie ftrength, and my ftates full of 
 inequalitie : yet for all this the meaneft The modera- 
 can haue no wrong, the greateft fhall '""''J"'"' 
 do no violence ; I wil liue neuer to per- 
 mit a tyrannic : both equal deare to me, 
 whereof neither can fuffer danger, but 
 I muft needes perifh : for thus to fee ei- 
 ther my Nobility (a thing not yet heard Lamenta- 
 of) or my Cleargie (a thing too vfuall) *'" """'• 
 or my cities (a thing too commo) or my 
 fubiects (a thing too lamentable) fondly 
 to difagree ; what is it els but to breede 
 T 3 within 
 
England to all 
 
 Greece peri- 
 Jlied by dif- 
 cord. 
 
 Bnvare {true 
 EngliJIi me. ) 
 
 Dangerous 
 cau/e ofv- 
 nion. 
 
 The praife of 
 inequalitie. 
 
 within my borders wolues, which I ba- 
 niflied long fince, by my Edgars means ? 
 and to nourifh that flame which confu- 
 med Greece} I meane the enuie between 
 her two eyes, Athens, and Lacedcemon, to 
 the great contentment of their fworne 
 enemie Philip, the King of Macedon, and 
 fhall not your hatred, difcord, and fuch 
 like, tennifmg your owne infamies to'- 
 make others fmile, make me perpetual- 
 ly mourne as folde to forrowe, and the • 
 Spanifh Philip more ioyfuU then the 
 King of Macedon ? Let vs not ftay till we 
 bee vnited by our enemies crueltie, as 
 Xerxes ofte caufed the Greekilh vnion. 
 Shall they perfwade you (degenerous - 
 mindes to bee perfwaded) that it is bet- 
 ter to fufifer tyrannic of a ftranger, then 
 inequalitie of a friend ? (Deare coun- 
 trimen) and fo ftill to be reputed (vntill 
 extreamely you deferue otherwife) in a 
 humane bodie doe the hands, the feete, 
 and the head, fall at difcorde among 
 themfelues ? Is not a wound fometimes 
 as deadly in the heele, (for fo perifhed 
 
 the 
 
 62 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 the thrife valiant Achilles) as dangerous 
 in the head ? Are not my parts fo vnited 
 amongft themfelues, that the leaft iarre 
 is a fault, the leaft difcord a fall? Were 
 I made fo abfolute that I could ftand, & 
 haue no parts, then might iarres be, and 
 I in tune : were I not a mother that bred 
 you both, then might you diffent, and I 
 not fall. Suppofe fome part of my Hand 
 hath bewtie of townes, yet other parts 
 haue fertiltie of foile : fome place hath 
 wife inhabitants, yet others are valiant : 
 fome are plaine, full of all pleafure, yet o- 
 thers are walled, as it were with moun- 
 taines, and full of all faftie : fome are flia- 
 dowed with thicke trees : to auoid heat, 
 yet others are compaffed with filuer 
 ftreames, to beget colde : thus all partes 
 of my Hand, and the particulars of my 
 ftate are fuch, that each imparting dig- 
 nitie, all of them make mee partaker of 
 an abfolute happines : fo that whilft v- 
 nitie is maintained amongft my people, 
 I vniuerfallie enioye thofe benefites 
 which I lacke (as loofelie being difper- 
 
 fed) 
 
 63 
 
England to all 
 
 Equality not fed by cruell difcord : alas : in what Com- 
 forofflran- "^^"^ Wealth Can equahtie be founde ? 
 ^ers. Think you if I were fould to ftrangers, 
 
 you were free from emulation, vnleffe it 
 were by this meanes, by being mifera- 
 ble ? the Philofophers fometimes defi- 
 red this, in their Common wealths : but 
 foolifli men are ignorant of the trueth, 
 not founding into the depth of eterni- 
 ties wifdome, who ordained the ine- 
 qualitie of things, to preferue each o- 
 ther : amongft the elements is not the 
 ifire tempered with the water : in the bo- 
 die, the heart cooled by the lightes : in 
 the foule the affections ruled by the 
 reafon, and what nature hath done in 
 thefe, fhall wee thinke vntoUerable in a 
 Common wealth? Looke but vpon the 
 Low-countries, where vnequall Can- 
 tons bred fuch a fire, (increafed by falfe 
 reporte) that whilfl: fome boafting of 
 their valour, did difgrace others, all 
 haue bin in danger of the enemies con- 
 queft : and howfoeuer their gouvernours 
 could not eafilie fee to what this ten- 
 
 dedj 
 
 Low coun- 
 iries dange- 
 red by emu- 
 lation. 
 
 64 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 ded, yet lamentable experience hath . 
 
 taught them now, that difcorde is fatall 
 
 to a Common wealth. The dlfagree- 
 
 ment of Italie was the ouerthrowe oi W'^of^- 
 
 their conquering empire : the fame made 
 
 the Gaules fubiect to Julius Ccefar, thus 
 
 if Etirope, the grandmother of vs poore 
 
 Hands, had not dealt by mifconftring 
 
 her owne friendes, the Turks had not fo 
 
 farre made entrance into Greece, Slauo- 
 
 nia, Hungarie and other countries, that 
 
 he fhould proudely dare to * encounter ' ^'"^ <■''"'- 
 
 Ir.igc him. 
 
 the German Emperor ; and ftand there- ijg^ 
 
 by to threaten vs, like as a tempeft vpon ^/ Ckrijlums 
 
 loyne not to- 
 
 the top of a mountaine, readie with liisgether. 
 fhowres, to ouerflow the valleyes. But 
 what firme conftancie can be expected 
 in the vniuerfall palfey of all Europe? 
 How can kingdomes vnite themfelues, 
 when I but one fmall Hand haue a num- 
 ber of fuch contrarie mindes to harbor 
 in mee ? This might pofliblie bee hoped A true rule. 
 for, if wee had but learned this, that one 
 of vs cannot perifh without another: 
 and as wee fee in a firme pillard vaulte, 
 
 V that 
 
 65 
 
England to all 
 
 that fome fewe ftones being taken away, 
 , the other incontinentlie fall, and then in 
 time mines the whole worke : fo fareth 
 Note. it with my ftate, whofe contrarie minds 
 
 may feeme fmallie dangerous at the firft 
 view, but fwiftlie (though vnfeene) it 
 doth tumble downe. Surelie but the 
 groundes of our libertie, and foundati- 
 ons of our Common wealth, which 
 were laide by the mercie of God, the va- 
 lour of our vnion ; the relief of bre- 
 thren, and the concord of all : if I were 
 indangered by my allies, and diftreffed 
 by the multitude of my acquaintance, 
 (as fometimes hath beene the ftate of 
 Flaunders) whofe enemies haue caufed 
 by corruption her fuppofed friendes 
 to diuide her body, felling her to them 
 that haue offered the vtmofl farthing; 
 Athin<rto then might I iuftly blame (not you) but 
 berefpecied. ^.j^^fg ^^xom coloured tearmes chrifte- 
 ned by the name of friends : but now 
 feeing I haue relieued manie, fent my 
 fouldiers to take armes, not for my own, 
 but for their good ; feeing I opened not 
 
 my 
 
 66 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 my citie gates, to admit ftrangers, who 
 were able to commaunde my ftrongeft ^'J^'""/ 
 
 ■' ° haue done. 
 
 walles, but hoyfte vp my fayles to con- 
 uey out my fouldiers to defend others ; 
 then let not mee perifh by you whom I 
 haue deemed no leffe deare, then my 
 owne life : trecheries haue taught ftates, 
 to take heed with whome they ioyne in 
 amitie : and Demosthenes wifhed the 
 Greekes to take heede of this, which if 
 they had wifely followed Amintas fonne 
 and his fucceffors had not oppreffed 
 Greece by a fained amitie. Thus fore- 
 warned Nicolaus vnder vauld the Flem- a thing la- 
 mings forefathers, to take heede of for- '"'"'"''"''• 
 rainers, which if they had wifely follow- 
 ed, so many cities of trafficke had not 
 been townes of Garrifons. But my ru- ; 
 ine (if it vnhappelie happen, vAC\i^ if we our 
 God forbid) is not by ftrangers iovce/^!^'/' '"' 
 for they are too feeble to weaken my 
 ftate : but by fuch as I kindely nourifh in A thing too 
 mine owne bowels : for whilft one hoi- ^t^^uilfe 
 deth for Spaine, another for France, the/"- 
 third for the Lowe Countries, and euerie 
 V 2 quarter 
 
 67 
 
England to all 
 
 quarter of the land, hath fuch as being 
 difpleafed with mee, are defirous to 
 pleafe ftrangers ; it muft needes happen 
 that my ioynts being racked with fo 
 great a torment, I Hue feeble, & confeffe 
 England can that mine owne inhabitants did worke 
 but by Eng- ^'^Y oucrthrowe : the gold and filuer of 
 ujhmen. mine enemies is able to preuaile as 
 much (with my vniuftly tearmed Englifh 
 men) as in the dales of Scaurus. Fondlie 
 TheSpani- are you deceiued with a hope of quiet 
 "tohtr *^ your minds, howfoeuer in fhow they 
 pretend fo : for credit me that haue tried 
 it long fmce, they meane nothing leffe. 
 Note this. But as PMUp made the Athenians be- 
 
 leeue that he had pretences againft the 
 Plotenfes, Olytithians, and others, there- 
 by to paffe further ; but Demosthenes 
 told the citizens, that if Philip had once 
 wonne Olyntha and Corcyra, who de- 
 maunded fuccour of the Athenians, hee 
 would not reft till hee had conquered 
 whole Grecia : which by little and little 
 he effected after. And howfoeuer (cou- 
 trimen) Philip may perfwade you, that 
 
 his 
 
 68 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 his purpofe is but onely to reforme re- 
 ligion, and to paffe no further : yet vn- Truft him 
 der this pretence, hauing gotte footing 
 within your walles, harbor within your 
 townes, and hands within your treafu- 
 ries, you fhall finde his entent to be farre 
 otherwife, and neuer (vnles your wiues 
 confpire againft them) to bee rooted Gine him an 
 
 „-,! 1 ■ 1 . 1 ^ • r 1 inch he will 
 
 out. Thus hauing obtained Corinth, hee take an ell. 
 fhall after come to ride vpon the backe 
 of Greece : or as CaJJius perfwading the 
 Helnetians, vnder pretence of alliance, 
 and (howe of a good caufe, broched a 
 difcorde, and fo made France fubiect to 
 the Romane Empire. For if Maximilian 
 the Duke of Austrich durft fay that hee 
 treated of agreement with King Lewes An vfuall 
 the 12. onely to be reuenged of the fe- f ", 
 uenteen iniuries which he had receiued 
 of the French men (although they were 
 fcarce thought to haue done him any) 
 what fhall wee thinke the Spanyard will 
 performe againft vs, of who he fuppo- 
 feth to haue receiued fo many harmes, 
 and fo foule difhonors 1 No (valerous 
 V 3 and 
 
 69 
 
England to all 
 
 Offered to 
 ludas to be- 
 tray his Ma- 
 ster. 
 
 True Eng- 
 lijh men. 
 
 Truth in a 
 fe7v is often 
 victorious. 
 
 Valour be- 
 get] hue. 
 
 and noble Englifhmen) credite not fo 
 farre, either the hope of Spanifti gold, 
 (a canker that hath fretted the greateft ' 
 kingdomes) or the free paffage of reli- ' 
 gion, a thing neuer thought of by them ; ' 
 but fhewe your felues valiant, as earft 
 you haue bin ; loyall, as ftiU you fhould 
 be, then fhall you be conquerou[r]s, as ftil 
 you may be. For Flanders had neuer bin 
 fo firmely vnited with France, if Lewes 
 the 12. being but then Daulphin, follici- 
 ted by Pope Eugenius, and Fredericke the 
 Duke of Austrich, to breake the counfel 
 of Bajill, and to ouerrun the countrey, 
 had not bin incountred with fome fewe 
 Flemings, and put to fuch famous flight, 
 that he was conftrained to praife their 
 valour, and to make an alliance with 
 them, which continued long after. The 
 like had the French King ftirred vp by 
 Pope Julius, who confidering their an- 
 cient magnanimitie, hath defired to be 
 vnited with the Flemmings, as the chief 
 pillar of his crowne and kingdome : this 
 was continued to them in the faid man- 
 ner, 
 
 70 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 ner, firft obtained by their true valour, 
 by Henry the 2. and after by Charles the 
 9. and fo lately by thefe two laft Hen- 
 ries, In like manner, if you continue as 
 you haue begun, to be vnited amongft 
 your felues, to be fufpitious of forraine 
 flatterie, to diftruft (vpon al pretences) Asjiuiym 
 the Spanifh treacherie; then fhall I ^o- ''""''"'"'■ 
 rifh as mod fortunate, and caufe them 
 fue for my truce. That one conqueft 
 (when feas did fwel with fo great pride) 
 obtained againft their Nauie 1588. \iz.'Ca. Note this. 
 by Fames alarme been founded in the 
 vtmoft parts of the world, & hath made 
 the Spatiyard defirous of my fauour. And 
 if I bee challenged to buy my peace at 
 too high a rate, I will fooner ioyne with 
 France, and lend him (as I haue done) the 
 riches of my land, the intrapped by Sy- 
 res fongs, haue my beautie fo long co- 
 mended, with ^fops Crow to let fall the Danenous 
 foode whereupon I line. And howfoe[uer]- *" ^"y"' ''"'"^ 
 
 Spaine. 
 
 France by too much fweating is growne 
 drie, and by too great bloudletting is 
 waxen pale, and that for one crowne Ihe 
 
 hath 
 
 71 
 
England to all 
 
 Prannce 
 poore hy 
 •warres. 
 
 Notfofaith- 
 full as they 
 JItould be. 
 
 Why Spalne 
 isfo constant 
 in her free 
 offers. 
 
 No great ods 
 betwixt the 
 if they had 
 eqimll peace. 
 
 Be^uare of 
 them both. 
 
 hath fpent fo manie, that now fhe is 
 fcarce able to giue her fouldiers pay. 
 And howfoeuer Flanders falfely wil fel 
 their friends to buy their peace : yet let 
 vs make this a rule of eftate, that when 
 the might of one kingdome extraordi- 
 narilie groweth great, the leffer fliould 
 vnite themfelues, as the fmaller beads 
 againft the enemies they feare. And 
 though Spayne may feeme conftantlie 
 prodigall, (a wonder prodigalitie to be 
 conftant) (and neuer poffible without 
 fupplie of the Indian gold) and France 
 too poore and needie, yet thinke that 
 ciuill warres hauing been fo long with- 
 in her bowels, are only the caufes of all 
 this miferie. I compare not the great- 
 nes of thefe two kingdomes (howfoe- 
 uer there may bee matter wherein to 
 ballance them) but I am fure of this (as 
 the cafe ftands) I haue farre leffe caufe 
 to fufpect the Frenchman then the Spa- 
 nyard'. for his intent hath been as it was 
 towards them of the Lowe Countries, 
 when Charles the fift and the Pope con- 
 cluded 
 
 72 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 eluded to ouerthrow and difperfe them 
 by their owne meanes : the pretence 
 was religion, the commiflion was gran- 
 ted to the Bifhop of Terracina : fuch like 
 policies (as they thought) were not ea- 
 fily found out. I ceafe to repeate and To Parry, 
 fhame to vtter the fundrie offers that ^^ '"* " ' 
 haue been made to my owne countrie 
 men, feeding them with vaine hope and 
 vncertaine promifes, to fell my wealth, 
 my honour, my dignitie, and what I re- 
 puted excellent to the enemies hand ; 
 the prefent times, and the feare & dan- Lofez exe- 
 ger fcarce paft, make me I muft remem- '^"/i„„g -i^a*. 
 ber it. Nor are the malicious practifes 
 againft me, fuch, as zeale fomtime kind- 
 led for Religions fake ; but in thofe 
 dales when Spayne and I were both oispaimnot 
 
 . , , , J -la L. onely an enc- 
 
 one mmde, he courted me with tearmes „„A^ ^n. 
 halfe deceiuing my fimplicitie ; he am- s^""-- 
 bitioufly fued to obtaine my fauour ; he 
 fpake me faire but ment falfely ; he was 
 treacherous, I fufpitious, and fo we par- 
 ted : and doe thofe now within my 
 bounds (who tearme themfelues Ca- 
 X tholikes 
 
 73 
 
England to all 
 
 Too great 
 fimplicitie to 
 thinkefo. 
 
 Take heede 
 by others. 
 
 Inconstancie 
 in religion is 
 the mother 
 of Atheifme. 
 
 tholikes at this day) perfwade them- 
 felues that any religion were able to 
 protect them from Spanifh tyrannic ? 
 Looke a little into the Low Countries, 
 (thefe I mention often, as tafting fullie 
 of the Spanifh furie) how did religion 
 warrant them from the crueltie of Lan- 
 deburg, Grijler, Rottenburge, and others ? 
 and how haue they of late time bin free 
 from inuafion for religions fake ? Haue 
 they not readilie imbraced that which 
 they call the Catholike religion ? & are 
 they for all this free from the enemies 
 inuafion ? Haue they not yeelded their 
 townes, payd fufRcientlie for their pre- 
 fumption ? and hath not Spayne . main- 
 tained her flraggling fouldiers by their 
 fpoyle ? Haue they not intertained any 
 religion (nay, is it not feared they are 
 willing to forfake all) to pleafe the King 
 of Spayne, and are they for all this any 
 more quiet? Did poore America, who 
 powred foorth her bowels to content 
 them, purchafe her quiet, with the im- 
 bracing of their religion ? nay, toge- 
 ther 
 
 74 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 ther with the intrals of her earth, did fhe 
 not fhed the pureft of her bloud to fa- 
 tisfie thofe Spanijh bloud-hounds ? This 
 trueth hath told vs, out of the vntrue TheSpani/h. 
 mouth of their owne Bifliops. Hath re- 
 ligion faued lawfull Princes that they 
 haue not violently been expelled their 
 owne kingdomes, by the Spanifli tyran- 
 nic ? What countrie foeuer had to deale 
 with them (as fewe there bee which are 
 free from them) haue been forced to 
 confeffe that Spayne is humble till fhe Nou this. 
 get footing ; but the ambitioufly proud ; 
 that fhe pretends religion and promi- 
 feth largely, but that fhe cares for no 
 religion and performes it fparingly : yet 
 her falfe zeale, fmoothing her face ouer 
 to the fimple view, hath made her vni- 
 ted to fome ; deare to many ; and vn- 
 fufpected to all. But fuch praftifes haue 
 been a tyrants cloake, which they haue 
 caft about the to deuoure the Church. 
 Such preteces haue bin masking weeds 
 which they haue worne in policie, the 
 better to caft lottes for the Common- 
 
 X 2 wealth, 
 
 75 
 
tion to Eng- 
 land. 
 
 England to all 
 
 wealth, then (credulous & vnwife coun- 
 trie men) (for fo I may iuftly tearme 
 you if you beleeue them} if either you 
 meane to haue me Hue, or fee amongft 
 you my fifter the Church to remaine 
 and florifh, credit no pretence whatfoe- 
 An exhorta- uer : admit no ftrangers to fee the fe- 
 crets of my land : approue none in hope 
 to gaine your falfely pretended religi- 
 on ;~ when you fhal finde they flander me 
 but of inconftancie, your brethren of 
 herefie, themfelues of pietie, and only to 
 this end, the more eafilie to fpoyle mee 
 and the more deadly, to poyfon the 
 Church : did not the Babylonians thus ac- 
 cufe Gods people of falfe religion ? the 
 lewes and the Romaines, haue they not 
 vnder this pretece accufed our Sauiour 
 and his owne difciples ? Is not damned 
 Mahomet a caufe at this daye, why the 
 Turke hath conquered fo many coun- 
 tries? and if there be one amongft them 
 (as it may bee there are fome few) who 
 are defirous of our good, and wifh vs 
 the trueth (as they tearme it) of the ca- 
 
 tholike 
 
 Spaniards 
 like lewes. 
 
 76 
 
her Inliabitants. 
 
 tholike religio, yet there are a thoufand 
 Hamans who will enterprife the ruine of 
 the Jewijh nation, accufe them to the 
 King of Perjia, that they haue a religion 
 differing from his; but it is by reafon oispanijhHa- 
 the hate, conceiued againft iuft Mardo- '"'^"" 
 cey : thus religion was made a cloake Theypretcd 
 for treacherous and intollerable pride : i^if^^"^" 
 thus Abfolon the patterne of thefe court- (f^^y- 
 \y politicks ftoode pittying the Jewes Abfohn a 
 at the courte gate, as though he had de- 'J^^' ■^^'""' 
 fired tlie helpe of their eflate, but it 
 was nothing elfe but an ambitious hu- 
 mour to obtaine a kingdome ; in like 
 manner deale the Spaniards with my ca- 
 tholikes fo tearmed at this day, they 
 ftand and court them, and fay with Ab- 
 folon, your caufe is good, but there is 
 none that pitties you : O if I had the go- 
 uernement of thefe things, then fhould 
 England obtaine hir auncient religion, Takekade: 
 and then would followe their former '''"^ '^" «"'■ 
 plentie : and thus the Hand that is now 
 diftreffed euery day in feare of forraine 
 inuafion, fhould be able to meete the e- 
 X 3 nemie 
 
 77 
 
England to all 
 
 nemie in the gate : the confciences that 
 are now diftracted, bee quieted, by ob- 
 taining of true pardon : fo ftiuld herefies 
 be rooted out from amongft you, peace 
 fhould be within your walles, and plen- 
 tie within your gates : falfe-deceiuing 
 fmooth-tonged heart-ftealing Spanijh- 
 Abfolon (I deferue pardon, if my weake 
 womanifh nature in feare of my ftate, 
 in loue to mine inhabitants, in care of 
 fo good a caufe fhould carrie mee to 
 Letspaine tearme thee by worfer titles) but an- 
 anfwere. ^^^^ trcacherous and ftate -corrupting 
 golde-offering Spaniard, doft thou per- 
 fwade thy felfe (fondly deceiued to bee 
 fo perfwaded) that my true inhabitants 
 can be refolued of thy good meaning ? 
 Doft thou thinke that euer they hope 
 for peace in the middeft of ftrangers ? 
 For plentie in the middeft of tirants ? 
 Note Ms. For religion in the middeft of Atheifts ? 
 Nay it neuer hath been nor neuer fhall 
 be : therefore refolue thy felfe, that how 
 foeuer fome within my borders doe 
 heartilie defire, and earneftlie expect a 
 
 free- 
 
 78 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 freedome of their confcience : yet thefe 
 are neuer fo foolifh to thinke it poffi- 
 ble, to be obtained by your meanes, nor 
 fo profanelie wicked, to admit of fo bad 
 a caufe. And although fome few (and I 
 perfwade my felfe they are very fewe) 
 may be found perhaps, as either being 
 Atheifts without God, or lewes without 
 Chrift, or monfters without naturall af- 
 fection, who can bee content to pearce 
 my bowels through my Princeffe fide, 
 and fo let forth my peace, or laie vio- 
 lent hands vpo mine annointed, to make 
 my children to eate themfelues : yet re- 
 folue thy felfe (and vainelie foolifti to 
 refolue otherwife) that the moft eftran- 
 ged Englilhman from naturall loue, 
 who hath loft his affection by long tra- 
 uaile, or the loofeft chriftian I harbor, Note this. 
 who hath lent his affection to all plea- 
 fure, or the moft defperate, whom need 
 and extremitie haue made careles, or the 
 deuouteft Catholicke, whom deceiued- 
 lie zeale and confcience haue made re- 
 
 ImpoJJibU to 
 
 ligious : fhal euer fo farre eftrange them befo. 
 
 felues 
 
 79 
 
niard credit 
 me. 
 
 England to all 
 
 felues from an Englifli minde ? So much 
 be alienated from my long bred loue ? 
 And laftlie fo cruelHe to with me euill ? 
 That they would open my gates to 
 ftrangers ? Proflrate my wealth to the 
 Spaniard ; and exchange my peace for 
 moft cruell tirannie ? Nay if they were 
 all in armes and ha<J vowed to admit a 
 ftranger, and the ftranger readie (as per- 
 
 Letthespa- haps you were, 1588.) to accept by po- 
 licy, what you intended to keep by cru- 
 eltie : yet if I fhould but frowne as dif- 
 contented, & fay quid agitis ? And name 
 
 s. George. ^ut England, the worthie loue of me, de- 
 riued from their forefathers, would fo 
 farre pearce into the Englifh harts, that 
 their fwordes drawne forth againft mee 
 their mother, would fpeedilie bee fhea- 
 thed in you their murtherers : for if in 
 all ages (fauing onelie in this laft, and 
 amongft you) faith and promife hath 
 been religiouflie obferued, to their ve- 
 rie enemies, then can you thinke they 
 will falfify the fame to mee that bred 
 them ? And as for you who haue furpaf- 
 
 fed 
 
 80 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 fed the falfe punicane gaining that brand Fides Hir- 
 
 panicav 
 
 of trecherie, which once was Carthage 
 due, refolue vpon this poynt, that hee 
 which punifhed the faith broken to the 
 Turkes (at the Popes perfwafion by them 
 of Hungarii) by putting to flight Sigif- 
 mund the Emperor, and flaying Cardi- 
 nall Julian the Popes Legate (who GodMm/eifi 
 brought the meffage) hee I fay fliall ne- ^,^ ^"J" 
 uer fuffer fo great an iniurie vnpuni- 
 fhed, to me their mother. Let me then in 
 kindenes perfwade you (ray deare 
 countrie men) that if trecherie be mofl: 
 odious, the that efpeciallie which ouer- 
 turneth a Common wealth : if ingrati- Note this. 
 tude bee hateful! both to God and man, 
 then that which is of children to their 
 mother: if credulitie bee a fault and ar- 
 gues want of experience, then to truft a 
 ftranger, a falfe diffembling and deceit- 
 full tirant, muft reproue vs of great le- 
 uitie: loue peace then & loue my peace, 
 follow vnitie, but within my walles, for 
 if neither inequalitie of condition, emu- 
 lation of partakers, nor religion ought 
 Y to 
 
 Si 
 
happie 
 England if 
 this happen. 
 
 Difcord fa- 
 
 England to all 
 
 to difunite vs, then this onely remai- 
 neth for you, that you be vnited with 
 loue amongft your felues, tyed with 
 afifection towards your mother, bound 
 with a facred reuerence towards your 
 Soueraigne, and carried with a wife fuf- 
 pition towards a ftranger : fo fhall pro- 
 fperitie bee mine inheritance ; plentie 
 the legacie bequeathed to my meaneft 
 friends ; and England as a citie in vni- 
 tie within it felfe : thus Ihall the vnion 
 of luda & Ifrael make the people round 
 about them to quake and tremble; this 
 made Rome to coquer Africa; the Greekes 
 to preuaile againft Xerxes; & the Prin- 
 ces of Europe to preuaile againft the 
 Turke at Lepantho : which victorie had 
 been farre more glorious, if vntimelie 
 difcord had not fallen amongft them. 
 
 taiitogi-iat The banifli this, vnite your felues, yeeld 
 
 attempts. "' ^ 
 
 not to gilded colours and falfe preten- 
 ces; whether of religion or of friends, 
 or of promife, and efpecially with them 
 who we know to be our enemies : let vs 
 bring againft glittering hate - working 
 
 gold, 
 
 83 
 
her Inhabitants. 
 
 gold, the anciet magnanimitie of braue 
 
 Fabricius, who would neuer bee moued 
 
 by the offers of King Pyrrhus. Thus 
 
 ought you couragioufly to vnite your 
 
 felues, if you loue the glorie of your 
 
 conquefts, the fweetnes of your liber- ■ 
 
 tie, the happines of your quiet, the Hues ; 
 
 of your wiues and children : and if none 
 
 of all thefe can moue you, yet thinke 
 
 that I weepe for your fake the milke 
 
 that fometime was your foode : that I 
 
 fweate for your feare the bloud that 
 
 bred yours : that I figh for your caufe 
 
 the ayre that gaue you breath. And as 
 
 for my owne part (fillie deftreffed as I 
 
 am) I haue confidered the threatnings 
 
 of God againfl my fubiects Hues : the to- The late 
 
 kens fent me not long fince : the won- ^'"^f J^'^'^„. 
 
 ders that heauen Ihewed : the lowde ''"^'^ '^'"^ 
 
 the loffe of 
 
 fpeech that the dumbe creatures vfed, ^gypts 
 and all onely for this end, that I fearing ^^^^'^«'- 
 might perfwade you, and you perfwa- 
 ded might make mee to Hue without 
 feare : yet I relie not fo farre vpon A- 
 ftrologicall reafon, as vpon the ftrange 
 Y 2 ftarre 
 
 83 
 
England to all 
 
 ftarre 1572, the Comets that haue ap- 
 peared fince : the great thunder 1584. 
 the terrible Earth-quake the firft of 
 March the fame yeare : the ftrange in- 
 undations not long fmce : the fearefuU 
 mortalitie that hath hewed downe my 
 talleft Cedars, and moued (as it were) 
 the leffer plants : yet I take thefe to bee 
 meanes to humble me, leaft in pride of 
 courage I ouerweiningly doe loue my 
 felfe. And now (daughter) feeing I 
 grow faint, I will caufe two to fpeake in 
 my behalfe, committed to me from e- 
 ternities bofome : Religion and Loyaltie : 
 (daughters) hearken, and thefe briefly 
 fhall fpeake vnto you. 
 
 RELI- 
 
RELIGIONS SPEECH 
 
 TO ENGLANDS CHIL- 
 DREN. 
 
 T what time , Loue KeH^wn 
 
 , , , , _, brought frd 
 
 brought mee from E- ^.,„„;^ 
 ternities bofome, and ^''*■''• 
 commaunded me like 
 a Queene to dwell in 
 earth, I then eafelie 
 now finde) that all RtH^ion 
 harmes, miferies, wants, tragedies, zsi&J^^^ """' 
 what elfe foeuer the worlde deemeth 
 hatefull, fhould bee falfely fuppofed to 
 proceede out of my wombe : and feeing 
 I haue now liued fo long till I finde it Religions 
 trew, pardon mee to make mine apolo- '^i"'^''^'^- 
 gie thus farre, that fmce the day of my 
 firfl birth, fmce I firft fhined weekely in Religion no 
 thefe coaftes, fmce the time I was called '"f"^"-^'"^ 
 
 mi/enes m a 
 
 (as I am) by Religions name, I neuer < 
 Y 3 cau- ' 
 
 forefawe (which 
 
 conimoH 
 wealth. 
 
 H 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 Note this. 
 
 Mans igno- 
 rance makes 
 falfe religio. 
 
 Superjlition, 
 
 Religion and 
 /uperstition 
 at continuall 
 warres. 
 In England 
 many religi- 
 ous fauorers. 
 
 caufed either Kingdome to be defolate, 
 Prince to bee diflreffed, people to de- 
 fpaire : or any priuate perfo to be male- 
 content. In deede I muft needes ac- 
 knowledge thus much, that at what time 
 I was fent into earth, fmfull man by rea- 
 fon of his immortalitie, defirous of a 
 deitie, and not able by the weakenes of 
 his vnderflanding, to admit of me, for- 
 ged vnto himfelfe a falfe, cruell, irreli- 
 gious, vaine, proud fuperftitious ftrum- 
 pet, and fondly deluded, tearmed her by 
 my name ; then feeing her to haue fuch 
 prerogatiue, finding her to rule ouer fo 
 many fubiects, and fearing (hee would 
 banifh mee to Heauen, from whence I 
 firft came ; wee haue been flill in conti- 
 nuall warres : I found thofe who haue 
 been forward in my caufe, who haue 
 plentifullie beftowed their wealth to 
 maintaine mee, and who haue not fea- 
 red to dye to doe mee good. And fhee 
 perfwading, that Trueth fent her to di- 
 rect them, hath fo much preuailed with 
 a great number, that howfoeuer for o- 
 
 ther 
 
 86 
 
Englands children. 
 
 ther faultes (in the bloodie woundes of 
 
 an afflicted confcience) there is none Harmesfor 
 
 either fo careles without remorfe, or fo '''^'■p'"^ 
 
 gneue not 
 
 profanely wicked without feare, but either the 
 that relenting at the faultes which they^^^^.^^ 
 haue done, remaine grieued : yet falfe- 
 lie fubomed by her meanes, neither the 
 mod fatal! warres, dragging the infants 
 from their mothers breafts, drawing 
 them from out of their wombes, flaying 
 them in their cradles, rauifliing their 
 wiues and daughters : wafting their 
 countries, burning their houfes, defa- 
 cing their temples, violating their fe- 
 pulchers : performing all crueltie : for 
 getting all curtefie to thofe that were 
 borne amongft them : nor the ciuill 
 flaunders in the time of peace perfor- Mifirahk 
 med againft them in maliciouf manner, ^^'"'^""■ 
 who fought my profperitie aboue their 
 owne fafety : thefe and fuch like I fay So doth Ro- 
 (and if ought elfe can bee thought ofJ/J^'''" 
 greater then thefe are) are done (and 
 without remorfe) vpon the falfe fur- saperjlition 
 mife of true Religion. ludge now, if ^-'\J^f^"" 
 
 uer 
 
 87 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 Among tJie 
 Alheijis of 
 this age. 
 
 Afaljt ac- 
 cufatlon of 
 religion. 
 
 Xerxes. 
 
 ZiaUefalfe, 
 
 uer creature of my innocencie (and I 
 may boldly ftand to iuftifie my own in- 
 tegrity) hath had greater caufe to com- 
 plaine of wrong; more iuft reafon to 
 fufpect violence : & more true grounds 
 of vhdoubted feare then I, that haue fu- 
 ed and am not heard, haue lowdely fpo- 
 ken and not regarded, haue infinitelie 
 deferued and not rewarded : It is obiec- 
 ted againft me that the firft murder was 
 committed by my meanes, that Cayn 
 had neuer laide violent hands vpon A- 
 bel, if in religion he had not been farre 
 more righteous. And if the Perjians 
 had not fuppofed that to bee profane 
 which the Greekes beleeued to bee moft 
 holy, Xerxes had not come from AJia to 
 Greece, he had not fpoyled their townes, 
 burnt their temples, and done them 
 thoufand wrongs (but falfely fuppofed 
 by my meanes :) Thus difcord grew be- 
 twixt the Egyptians and the Hebrues, and 
 both contended which fliould bee my 
 followers : but if I had not been proud- 
 ly confronted with a bafe (trumpet, and 
 
 that 
 
 88 
 
Englands children. 
 that my honour had not been therein Rdision im- 
 
 fatient of an 
 
 hazarded, wherein it was infamie to co- indignitie. 
 tend, I had quietly refhed, though with 
 fome difgrace, and had liued contented, 
 though with loffe of credit. Nay, rather 
 giue me leaue womanlike to complain 
 (though hopeleffe without reliefe) of 
 wrongs offered to my perfon ; inftead 
 of offering, I haue fuffered ; inftead of 
 doing, I haue receiued fuch manifeft 
 violence, fuch apparant wrongs, fuch The wrongs 
 
 /■,,./- /. , ... are infinite 
 
 fecret difgraces, fuch open mmnes : as j„^,v/;r%-. 
 when I fhall make report what I haue "" ^"ik/uf- 
 indured for my names fake, the red fea i„g called re- 
 fhall difagree (as once it did) and part a ^'•^■ 
 funder, the Sunne fhall be amazed (as 
 fometimes it was) and ftand ftill : Nay, 
 fhame fhall darken it, and it fhall hide it Religion 
 felfe to heare the reports but what I (in^aUand 
 haue fuffered : at firfl I was put to flie S''^"' « 
 out of ^gypt with fixe hundred thou- 
 fand befides women and children, pur-^«w?«„„. 
 fued by Cencres the King of JEgypf. and'^^'^'''' 
 if heauen in the middeft of my diftreffe Godknoweth 
 had not made the raging fea to be a drie '^.! "" 
 
 =" ° uer fits. 
 
 Z land. 
 
 < ene- 
 mies. 
 
 89 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 Affliction 
 may enduri 
 for a time 
 hit deliui- 
 rance is not 
 farrefrom 
 Gods church. 
 
 So thsficr 
 for the three 
 children. 
 
 Superfiition 
 maketh dif- 
 fention in 
 the Chtirch. 
 
 Libertatis 
 amor ftultu 
 quid deci- 
 pis orbem. 
 
 24. 
 
 land, fo many had perifhed for my fake. 
 But then I mufl: needes confeffe after a 
 tempeft came a calme, for humiliation I 
 had honor, authoritie for feare, and in 
 flead of ^gypt I poffeffed Canaan : and 
 although the power of my almightie, 
 from whence I came, cafting a fnaffle in- 
 to the mouth of the red fea, made him 
 that he durft not attept to doe me vio- 
 lence, yet I liued not long in the land of 
 Canaan, but like a Nightingale, I had 
 thornes to awake me, to keepe me fmg- 
 ing, and foone after falfe ftie that tear- 
 med her felf by my name, caufed diffen- 
 tion amongft her children, & brought 
 me in daunger by my owne followers; 
 the were my fauorers diuided, together 
 with Roboam and Jeroboam their Kings, 
 not long after was I with Jfrael cut off 
 from the houfe of Datiid, and firft tranf- 
 ported into AJfyria, where I remained 
 captiue ; then with Iiida making my ha- 
 bitation within Jerufalem, I was pitifully 
 afflicted, lamentablie fpoyled, & cruel- 
 lie taken by Nabttchadnezzar the King 
 
 of 
 
 90 
 
Englands children. 
 
 of the AJJyrians, who pulled downe her 
 walles, burned her temple & the Kings 
 pallace, tooke away the golden veffels 
 dedicated by Salomon to my vfe, put out 
 Sedechias eyes, bound him with brafen 
 chaines , and fpoyled the bookes of my 2. Ckron. 36. 
 lawe, which after miraculoully were re- 
 ftored by my Scribe Efdras : thus was I Religion jtiil 
 handled by the Greekes, Alexanders fuc--^^^'"" ' 
 ceffors ruling in Syria, who would haue 
 compelled my people to haue yeelded 
 to their maners, efpecially that proud- 
 ly famous (and fo tearmed) King Antio- 
 chus, who tooke the ornaments and vef- 
 fels of the Temple which had been re- 
 flored by them of Perjia, ruinating a- 
 gaine Jerufalem new built, forbad my 
 burnt offerings, facrifices, and fuch like, Hmi Gods 
 to deface me, and make me bafely an ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 exile to the Greekifh ceremonies: ^^y. parts of reli- 
 gion. 
 ther was I onely thus handled by them, 
 
 but thofe who at this day are my fworne 
 
 enemies, I meane the Romanes, who ex- The Romans 
 
 tended their Empire into that corner '"^"Z, " 
 
 where I dwelt, placing their Images 
 
 Z 2 within 
 
 91 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 The lewes 
 finne the 
 
 cau/e of their 
 punijliment, 
 
 lewes 
 Vfurers, 
 
 A mi/erable 
 Jlate where 
 there is no 
 relisnon. 
 
 Many of the 
 Jlill perffl in 
 their fmnes. 
 
 within my Temple, fetting their Eagles 
 ouer my portals, from whence procee- 
 ded abundance of fuperftitions : but I 
 had been throughly wounded before 
 that, by my owne countrimen at Chrifts 
 deaths, who had giuen mee fo great a 
 blow, as that (in iuftice) for my fake they 
 were facked by the Romartes, and to this 
 prefent wherefoeuer they abide, they 
 are poore, practifmg bafe trades, a U- 
 furie, and Breaking, made fubiect to ex- 
 treame tributes, paying continued tafks, 
 and yet without houfes, lands, or other 
 poffeffions, not retaining fo much as the 
 fliadowe of a Common wealth, fmce 
 that I cruelly was banifhed fro amongft 
 them : yet notwithftanding all the cala- 
 mities which they fuffered, could not 
 keepe them from contending amongft 
 the Chriftians ; they grounded their 
 falfe poynts vpon the old Teftament, fo 
 that after al this they were chafed from 
 France, England, Spayne, by reafon of 
 blafphemies which they vomited out 
 againft Chrift lefus : thus the Mahome^ 
 
 tists 
 
 92 
 
Eng lands children. 
 
 tists tearmed my people Mifcreants, & 
 vowed themfelues for their fworne e- 
 nemies. And howfoeuer thefe were Rdi^n in 
 harmes, which in the weaknes of my {.g^. g''<:<^t danger 
 
 ' •' amongst her 
 
 uourers I could not defende without ownefrUnds. 
 flight, yet if among Chriftians them- 
 felues, I had not been purfued with as 
 great hatred at this time, I fhould not 
 neede to haue complained of wrong : 
 But now feeing bloudie warres haue 
 happened betwixt thofe that were my 
 owne children, where I their mother in- 
 treating in moft kind tearmes, was not contention 
 free from daunger, nor could exempt '/f''"" 
 
 '^ ^ of Alheifm. 
 
 them from fpoyle, let the world iudge, 
 if euer any receiued greater wrong, the 
 I haue fuffered. The Greeks and the Ro- 
 manes both contended fo long for my 
 fauour, till both were content to for- 
 fake me quite, and to make me perifh if 
 it had been poflible ; (for vndoubtedly 
 I had dyed but that I was immortall). Arrius -. and 
 Arrius came from ^gypt to flieath his-^''^'"'^'^"'f 
 
 grow mtghly 
 
 fword within my bowels ; he had no foo- in the mid- 
 ner giuen alarme to affault me, but that tcntiom"' 
 Z 3 multi- 
 
 ')Z 
 
Heretiha 
 neuer want 
 followers. 
 
 Constzntius 
 an Arrian. 
 
 105 Bijhops 
 Arrians. 
 Holar. con- 
 tra Confta- 
 tium. 
 
 Ittdge if reli- 
 gion haue 
 notfuffend 
 •wrong. 
 
 Religions fpeech to 
 
 multitudes flocked vnto him to bee his 
 followers : the Eafl Church wherein I 
 fometime gloried, loft her beautie and 
 her loue in fo ample manner, by this 
 meanes, that pitifully to my wrong, 
 Constantius the Emperour became an 
 Arrian. ludge if it were not lamentable 
 that I, who fometimes was highlie fauo- 
 red, accounted of in their affemblies, & 
 wholly relied vpon their integritie, be- 
 came fo diftreffed by his meanes, that 
 openly to doe me wrong, 105. Bifhops 
 became Arrians : & if Alexddrias Bifhops 
 (religious Alexander, and learned Atha- 
 najius) had not encountered his forces 
 with a matchles valour, I had then vtter- 
 ly perifhed in thofe countries : from 
 hence proceeded the fatall calamitie of 
 my fortune : Councels againft Cotmcels : 
 ConfeJJions againft ConfeJJions ; Accuf alios, 
 Defences, Banijhments, and cruell Mar- 
 tyrdomes. Doe you heare and credit me, 
 and yet for all this take me to haue offe- 
 red wrong & fuffered none ? Nay, when 
 I (fearfuU) had taken my felfe into the 
 
 inner 
 
 94 
 
Englands children. 
 
 inner parts of Europe, for feare of harme, 
 then came the Perjians, Arabians, Syrians Religion no 
 and Egyptians called Sarracins, vnder ^^^.^/^ 
 pretence to inlarge the honour of their 
 Mahomet, occupied all Africke, paf- 
 fed into Spayne, where they conquering, ; 
 from thence came to Tours in France, 
 where if they had been difcomfited, 
 of three hundred and fixtie thoufand A famous 
 perfons by Charles Martel, I had then pe- ^f°er'xim 
 rifhed. After this I began to growe more of Frame. 
 valiant, and my worthie Godfrey, with Godfrey of 
 the reft of his Lordes confederate, at the 
 inftance of Pope Urban, drewe from 
 France an incredible army, paffed by fea Whereof 
 and land after many trauailes, to the"V^^ 
 furtheft partes of the wefterne coaft, 
 from Syria to the frontiers of Arabia 
 and Perjia, whereby my Godfreys true Martyrs all. 
 valarous armie I wonne Jerufalem : nei- 
 ther was there then droppe of blood 
 flied, by any Chriftian in my quarrell, 
 which I haue not intreated Fame to re- 
 corde, to my pofteritie : nor was it ei- 
 ther leffe veturous or honorable, which 
 
 Eng- 
 
 95 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 Englands firft Richard againft the Turkes 
 Religion ha- attempted for my caufe : and howfoe- 
 
 teth difcord. ••■/- j 
 
 uer I may bee thought to loue difcord, 
 and to make diffention, yet in refpect 
 of the fauour that I found then, in re- 
 garde of the kindenes (countrie men) I 
 receiued at your hands, I haue been wil- 
 ling to relie vpon you, and defirous to 
 
 England the dwell amongft you : that whilft other 
 
 ,,„. countries loofmg their Religion haue 
 
 loft their Peace, and lacking peace, their 
 
 Religion hath quite perifhed ; England 
 
 Thehapfi- hath beene a Garden of Oliue branches, 
 
 ties of Eng- 
 land by reli- fenfed with walles againft violence, fha- 
 gidsmeanes. ^jq^^^j ^j^j^ a Cedar againft heate ; wa- 
 
 tred like Paradife againft barrennes, 
 and preferued with true Loyalty againft 
 rebellion. And whileft Greece, Lacede- 
 mon, and Athens haue been at difcorde : 
 Carthage, and Parthia, with the of Rome, 
 the French with the Jtalian, the Almayn 
 with the Switzard : Africa with Spayn : 
 Thedifcoi-de the Turke with the Christians, the Perji- 
 xountries. ^^^ '^'^li the Turke : the Zauolians with 
 the Perjians, the Mufcouit with the Polon : 
 
 and 
 
 96 
 
Eng lands children. 
 
 and the Tartar with them both : in the 
 
 meane time Englatid for my fake hath England in 
 
 found a peace, hath fitten at eafe, and ^'''^^' 
 
 had leafure to looke at their falles. And 
 
 I eameftlie pray (as I haue good caufe) 
 
 that peace being my childe, beget not Peace the 
 
 plentie, and that be a meanes for to ba- '^ /^ f^l^^_ ^' 
 
 nifli mee : for when a countrie through ^^^^ plentie 
 
 , , , . till that kils 
 
 peace hath plentie, and through plen- tkegmnd- 
 ty is growne rebelHous ; then God by fe- ^''^^^''• 
 ditions and change of ftate, by inunda- 
 tions of floods, by famine, plague, and 
 fuch like, he bringeth them (in fauor) ^o England nou 
 a fmaller number, leaft in pride & mul- ''''"• 
 titude they fhould growe for to fcorne 
 mee. Thus haue I fome times tafted of 
 their harmes, and though I haue Hued In the dayes 
 fafe this 36. yeares, that no forraine ^-'soZrai^t. 
 nemie was able to roote mee from the 
 land of mine inheritance : yet I haue bin 
 ftil fo vnited to your dread foueraigne, 
 fo in fauour with my valiant champi- Effex, wu- 
 ons, that none oppofed themfelues a- . ',,'■ J^' 
 gainft mee, but firft committed treafon "s Vere, 
 
 A a agamft 
 
 97 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 Afalfejlan- 
 der to make 
 traytors 
 Martyrs. 
 
 Neuer mar- 
 tyr was a 
 Iraytor. 
 
 luftitia Bri- 
 tannica. 
 
 againft her : and though at my intreatie 
 fhe was content to pardo them my fault, 
 yet luftice and confcience both would, 
 that they all fhould perifh that wifh her 
 euill. Then howfoeuer (thereby to bee 
 dearer to falfe religion) they make the 
 world beleeue, that they dye for my 
 caufe, yet I cannot chufe but I muft 
 needes renownce them : Martyrs T haue 
 had, that haue dyed in my quarrell ; yet ne- 
 uer any that intangled himfelfe to dejiroye 
 a Prince. I haue wept while tirants haue 
 flaine my children : yet I neuer faw them 
 to be found rebellious : giue mee leaue 
 then openly to difclaime thofe out of 
 my fauour, to cancell them out of ho- 
 nors booke, to renounce them from be- 
 ing my followers, who haue traitorouf- 
 ly confpired with my fworne enemies : 
 who treacheroullie haue intended their 
 Princes death : who rebelliouflie 
 taken armes againft my fides, 
 falfly haue expected to fee mee 
 thefe I pronounce, not to bee 
 fonnes, and I muft tell the 
 
 haue 
 
 who 
 
 fall: 
 
 my 
 
 Worlde, 
 
 that 
 
 98 
 
Mariyrium. 
 
 Englands children. 
 
 that they dyed not for my fake. And 
 becaufe Rome hath lately noted thofe Camp. 
 with the title of Martyrs, whom re- 
 bellious malice caufed to bee treache- 
 rous to their Prince ; I mull needes bee 
 plaine that the world may fee, Rebellion 
 and not Religion, Treafon & not Tmeth, 
 was the caufe of their vtter ruine. Cu- 
 ftome hath made it a thing common, 
 & the communitie hath made it a thing 
 credible, that the worfe things haue 
 maflced vnder good names, that fmgu- An vfmli 
 laritie is tearmed zeale ; difobedience-'''" '' 
 freedome of confcience, rebellion, fm- 
 ceritie of profelTion, and open treafon 
 to be pure religion. Thus was the noto- 
 rious rebellion in England, (after afifect- 
 ting the Irifh) fuppofed to be the figne 
 of a Catholike trueth, wherein though 
 many fuffered the iuft recompence of 
 fo foule defert, yet the Queene was mer- 
 ciful and forgaue fome. How can I then 
 make an apologie in their behalfe ? how 
 can I fay, thefe fauoured religion, who 
 fought to roote out the Prince, & land, 
 A a 2 where 
 
 99 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 Gregorie 13. 
 Sixtus 5- 
 
 Exceeding 
 pHtie. 
 
 Miraculous 
 preferuation 
 of Gods 
 Church, 
 
 where I had dwelt of a long continu- 
 ance? I conceale their names as loath 
 pofheritie fhould remember an Englifh- 
 man to be fo difloyall. And herein the 
 Pope, that fhould haue been mofl reli- 
 gious, was a chiefe dealer to fubuert me, 
 fending ouer pardons, abfolutions, and 
 fuch like, to exempt the fubiects of this 
 realme from their true obedience. And 
 the better catinually to performe what 
 he intended. Seminaries were erected 
 vnder pretence to doe me good, which 
 haue harboured (howfoeuer fome of 
 them learned) fuch politique, fubtile, 
 treacherous, and difloyall people, that 
 hauing fwarmed from thence as from a 
 hiue, & pretending (as they haue faid) 
 the Catholique good of their owne 
 countrimen, haue infected them with 
 fuch pernicious poyfon, moued them 
 to fuch great treafons, perfwaded them 
 to thofe attempts ; that if heauen had 
 not withflood them with a mightie po- 
 wer ; if God had not detected them with 
 a pearcing eye ; if the Lord had not con- 
 founded 
 
Englands children. 
 
 founded them with a mightie arme : 
 then had I (in all likelihood) been ba- 
 niflied from this Hand, then had England ^ fi'^''' ^'' _ 
 
 ihinke of it, 
 
 perifhed, her Prince, her fubiects, & that 
 
 moft cruelly by the meanes of her own 
 
 countrimen. Thefe were they, who iuft- 
 
 ly conuifted of treafon, by lawes made 
 
 200. yeare fmce, in the time of Edward 'bxKxaz.'&ix- 
 
 the 3. do openly (but wrongfully) boaft ^"°"^^' 
 
 that they haue fuffered for religion : & 
 
 yet I may fay this, that fuch as repenting 
 
 their follie, fhewed a forrowe, and were A greater 
 
 willing to performe amendment, were 
 
 pardoned, a thing not to be expected 
 
 in fo great a fault ; although (iuiuri- 
 
 ouflie) fome of them haue not been a- Staputm. 
 
 n 1 /-I 1- • Parfons. 
 
 ihamed to lay, that neuer religion was 
 perfecuted more, then vnder the moft 
 vertuous, peaceable, milde, mercifull, & 
 religious gouernment of Queene Eli- 
 zabeth : nay, I can confidently fay this, 
 that in ftead of punilhing thofe who 
 haue not offended, fhe hath fuffered This can not 
 many to keepe their religion ftil, to Hue 
 without danger of law, and fuch as haue 
 A a 3 pro- 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 In Queev.t 
 
 Maries 
 
 time. 
 
 Slander is 
 netier tongue 
 tied. 
 
 In their libel 
 againjl the 
 Englijk lu' 
 Jlice. 
 
 profeffed themfelues to be Romifh Ca- 
 tholiques ; aske but that graue and re- 
 uerend father Nicholas Heath fomtimes 
 Archbifliop of Yorke, and Lord high 
 Chancellor of England, he muft needes 
 confeffe (and vndoubtedly would doe 
 it, if he now liued) that he tafted of his 
 Soueraignes clenaencie in fo great a 
 meafure, that thofe who for religion 
 tearme her to be cruel, are fuch as feeke 
 by all meanes poflible to defame her 
 gouernment. Pole the Bifhop of Peter- 
 borough : Cutbert Tonstall a reuerend 
 graue man. White, Oglethorpe, Thurlbie, 
 VVatfon, Turberuile, Fecknam, fuch as all 
 of them had been zealous againft mee, 
 yet fhe pardoned them their Hues, be- 
 caufe they had not traiteroufly fought 
 hers : for fmce the beginning of her 
 raigne to this prefent day, there is no 
 man able to proue (howfoeuer fome 
 haue bin malicious to affirme the fame) 
 that Queene Elizabeth hath for reli-' 
 gion onely, put any to death of the Ro- 
 mifh fectaries. It were long for me to 
 
 repeate 
 
Englands children. 
 
 repeate (things alreadie fufficientlie 
 
 knowne) wherein Rome hath fo maliti- papa pius 
 ouflie dealt to fuborne her lefuits, that"'°"f'' 
 
 qumtus, res 
 
 from them, this 36. yeares, England hath mira tot in- 
 had the greateft caufe to feare the fub- ^^^ tantum 
 uerfion of her whole ftate. Pius the fift quinque fu- 
 
 iffe pios. 
 (vngodly and cruell in this pointe) in- 
 tended to free the fubiects of this land, 
 from their allegiance to their dread 
 Soueraigne : a thing abhorring againft 
 diuinitie, a matter neuer heard of, with 
 any of my followers, and hated euen of 
 the heathen themfelues, who neuer ta- 
 iled of my trueth : to graunt pardon, 
 and openlie to auouch it : to fubieftes 
 and againft their Prince, and to Eng- Leauegiuen 
 lifli men againft their owne countrie : it campion'by 
 is fuch a faulte as former time neuer Gregorie 13. 
 
 1580. April 
 
 thought of: the age prefent dooth ^- n^.tointet- 
 'hor, and fhall make thereat the dayes -?*''''' '^^ '^"^^ 
 ' ^ of Pius s. 
 
 infuing to be aftonifhed : & it were too 
 lamentable to be thought of, Religions 
 fuperftition fhould make any fo feare- 
 full of the Popes authoritie : Fraunce, ' 
 howfoeuer thou art now diftracted in- 
 to 
 
 103 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 to fmall peeces, yet in the daies of thy 
 Htnrytiui. fccond Henry, thou hadft little feare of 
 Fmuncehis ^^^ Popes Bulles, when impatient of his 
 Mictagainji proude and vfuall vfurping within thy 
 
 the Pope. V B J 
 
 Anno. 1550. territories, thou didft not onely by «- 
 diet, decrees, parliaments, proclama- 
 tions, difanull his fupreame authoritie, 
 but denied him ftoutlie thofe yearelie 
 reuenewes, which he exacted out of thy 
 King Philip dominions. And Philip thou which now 
 Zotth^"^ ' S""^"""^^ Spayne, and fondly intendeft 
 Bids. to be the worlds Monarch, what minde 
 
 ban" with an ^^^^ didft tliou beare againft the Pope, 
 armiea- when fending with thy Duke of Albanie 
 
 gainjl the 
 
 .Pupi^ an Armie into the coafts of Italy, thou 
 
 fpoyledft their towns, deftroyedft their 
 fields, fackedft their cities, and with thy 
 canons girt them within the compaffe 
 of their owne wallas ? This fhewed to 
 the world how little (being offended) 
 thou efteemedft of the Popes Bulles : 
 and thy father, that worthie Charles the 
 5.C27. 5- tooke Pope Clemence captiue, and the 
 
 Whom he whole Colledgc of Cardinals, & made 
 
 kef I in A- 
 
 driam tower him pay for his ranfome 400000. Duc- 
 kets, 
 
 7 moneihs. 
 
 104 
 
Englands children. 
 
 kets, & valued the Cardinals at a higher 
 rate. And leaft thou which art openlie 
 my profeffed enemie, fhouldeft thinke 
 that Englands Elizabeth wanteth prefi- 
 dents of her countrie, valiantly to with- jr^/ fj^^ p^p^ 
 ftand, and fcornfully to make account ^'^^^ *^"- 
 of the roring of thy Bulles : remember 
 but the time of queene Mary, (a gra- 
 cious Soueraigne if flie had not been 
 blinded by thy meanes) when thou wert 
 offended with her cofm Cardinall Pole, cardinall 
 and in difgrace of him fent vnto Petie a ^"^f offm- 
 
 dsdwith the 
 
 begging Frier, the Cardinals Hat : flie Pope. 
 
 croffed thee in thy purpofe, and made 
 
 fmall account of thy great threats. I 
 
 could alleadge the worthie Henry the 8. ;y^;.j, the 8. 
 
 regeftred in Honors Catalogue to liue>"^f'''-^ 
 
 ^ " the Pope. 
 
 for euer : how couragioufly to aduance 
 me, he fliaked off thy feruile yoake, and 
 exempted his fubiects from the Romifh 
 tyrannic. But to let thefe paffe, (as mat- 
 ter apparant without proofe) I muft 
 needes complaine of two notorious e- Religions e- 
 nemies, fuch, as in the dales of peace, "^"""' 
 haue done me the greateft wrong that 
 B b euer 
 
 105 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 The Aiheift 
 and the Pu- 
 ritan fo cal- 
 led. 
 
 Jlates man 
 but of coun- 
 fell withtlu. 
 
 Dangerous 
 for a Prince. 
 
 Machiuell 
 confuted. 
 
 euer woman fuffered : and leaft won- 
 dering thou ftande amazed how this 
 fhould be, in the land of knowledge in 
 Elizas raigne I meane the prophane A- 
 theift, and the zealous (but falfely) Puri- 
 tane. And although I poore Religion am 
 not fo good a ftates man, that willingly 
 I intermeddle with matters of the com- 
 mon wealth, yet I mufl fay thus much in 
 the true defence of my felfe, that fince 
 prophane Machiuell hath obtained fo 
 much credit amongft the greateft ftates 
 men of all Europe, Atheifme hath per- 
 fwaded the world of my death, & tolde 
 Princes that there was no religion. Can 
 any counfell bee more pernicious to a 
 Common wealth ? more dangerous to 
 a Countrie ? more fatall to a Prince ? 
 then onely to relie in caufes of greateft 
 importance vpon his owne wifedome ? 
 to feeme to haue that religion in fhew, 
 which he neuer meaneth to imbrace in 
 trueth ? to preferre Heathens before 
 me? to afcribe felicitie to fortune, and 
 not to vertue and true religion ? And 
 
 thefe 
 
 1 06 
 
Englands children. 
 
 thefe with diuers others of like impuri- 
 tie that prophane Atheift broched vnto 
 the world, which was no fooner drunke 
 by the ftates of Europe, but fome of their States in 
 kingdomes haue come to ruine. Nay, I i^^'^^i^' 
 will take vpon me without prefumptio Mcichiuell. 
 to prophefie thus farre, that the grea- A certaiae 
 teft kingdom that Europe hath ; the moft ' 
 
 mightie people that euer was ; and the Note this. 
 moft famous common wealth that euer 
 florifhed, fhall all of them by contem- 
 ning religion, become defolate. And 
 howfoeuer I will not prefume fo farre, 
 proudly to make (with Bellarmine) tem- 
 poral! profperitie a note of the true 
 Church, feeing (he is ordained to fuffer 
 many calamities, vnder the hands of ty- 
 rants ; yet I dare fay thus much, that re- 
 ligious Princes, while confidently in a Reii^. Prin. 
 good caufe, they haue fuUie relied vpon "\ "'J^ 
 Gods afsiftance, they haue notablie tri- 
 umphed ouer all their enemies : thus in 
 the old Teftament, Abraham, Mofes, Jo- Gen. 
 fua, Gedeon, Samuel, Dauid, Ezechias, Jo- j^' 
 Jias, and the Machabees, all triumphed ^"'^r- 
 B b 2 ouer Machub. 
 
 107 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 ouer multitudes of their enemies, be- 
 
 caufe I (howfoeuer contemned by pro- 
 
 phane Machiuel) was the fole conduc- 
 
 Aug. lib. s. tor of all their armies : thus almoft (as 
 
 deciuit.cap. j^gjg^ jjjj pkaraoli) in thefe latter times 
 
 Conjlantinus ouercame Maxentius. The 
 
 Cap. 26. like might bee fpoken of Theodofius the 
 
 Lib. <,. hi/loi: gjjg Qf whome Theodoret maketh ho- 
 
 cap. 24. 
 
 norable mention, of many priuiledged 
 
 fauours he obtained for his true profef- 
 
 fion : thus in the dayes of Theodofius the 
 
 younger, when the Sarracins came to 
 
 helpe the Perfians, againft whome hee 
 
 fought, the Angels from heauen (like 
 
 Socrai. li 6. 7. the ftarres againft Si/era) troubled the 
 
 lij r. cap. Sarracens, that in Euphrates there was 
 
 drowned a hundred thoufand : thus jfu- 
 
 Euagr. lib. 4. Han whileft he was my friende, made J- 
 
 li" ibid cap ^'"'^^^ ^ Afrike ftoope to the Roman Em- 
 
 ^''- pire, but fodainely periftied whe he had 
 
 reuolted : thus Heraclius conquered the 
 
 Perfians till hee became a Monoihelite : 
 
 I could alleadge hiftories of thefe latter 
 
 times, but being a controuerfie for the 
 
 true religion (howfoeuer indeede it is 
 
 with- 
 
 108 
 
Englands children. 
 
 without controuerfie) I will not doe 
 them that wrong, to grounde vpon a 
 thing, that is not yet graunted : the con- 
 tentions for my caufe, and the apifh 
 pollicies of other countries hath pitti- 
 fully perfwaded them, to become Athe- sy/undry 
 ists. I haue encountered the Papifts, and ^"'^''"'f "f 
 
 great tear- 
 
 tolde him he miftakes the trueth : his re- ning. 
 ligion is meere erronious, and whilft I 
 went about foundely to perfwade this, 
 Satan raifed vp the lewde faction of ir- 
 religious Brmvnisis to tell the worlde, Srowniju a 
 that England was not fo happie to haue-^''^''^"''* 
 a Churche, that titles of honour were thd/me. 
 things impertinent to trew religion ; 
 that decencie was a matter of ceremo- 
 nie ; which was no fooner bruted in the 
 worlds eare, but the Papists began fcof- As /met 
 fingly, to contemne my trueth, and the'^'^.^^""' 
 
 ° •' ' ^ written in 
 
 Atheist prophanely to thinke there was their bookes. 
 none at all. But I am loath to rake in the 
 dead cinders of polluted Machiuell, who 
 though Satan made an inftrument to 
 difgrace me, and with his dregges dan- 
 Bb 3 gerouflie 
 
 109 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 Ambi: Ca- 
 
 tharimis. 
 
 Archiep. Co- 
 
 pufoHus. 
 
 loh. Mola- 
 
 nus. 
 
 loh. Botenis. 
 
 Anoiiymos. 
 
 Peirus Co- 
 
 rdus. 
 
 Poffe-Muus 
 
 lifnit. 
 
 I.mrned 
 
 Puritans, 
 
 By wife au- 
 thoritiei and 
 learned an- 
 Jwers. 
 
 gerouflie poyfoned the beft dates : yet 
 (hall my trueth Hke the funne from vn- 
 der a cloude fliine clearely in the dayes 
 of Elizabeth. And men famouflie lear- 
 ned in all knowledge (as fome haue 
 done in other places) fhall openly fliew 
 vnto the worlde, that fuch poUicies are 
 but cankers to a Common wealth, fuch 
 difcordes, weapons fheathed in the 
 wombe of true religion ; and thofe 
 great promifes nothing but Cannon 
 fhot, to vndermine (if it were poffible) 
 the rocke where vpon I ftand. And con- 
 cerning the other, which in a forwarde 
 pretended zeale haue defired to cleare 
 the mudde that hath troubled the foun- 
 taine : to roote out the weedes that haue 
 hindered the come, to trie out the 
 droffe, that hath dimd the golde ; haue 
 vnawares (howfoeuer fome of them 
 politickelie malicious) ftopped the 
 
 fountaine ; plucked vp the corne, and 
 confounded the treafure of true religi- 
 on ; fo that if they might haue preuai- 
 
 led 
 
Englands children. 
 
 led (as they might haue preuailed if di- L. ArM. of 
 ligent care had not been taken in this ^""/^^^/^' 
 refpect) the Churche muft haue withe- ^'y"""' 
 
 Sutcliff. 
 
 red as wanting fprings, the people muft Hooker, &-c. 
 haue famiflied as wanting corne : and 
 religion muft haue begged as wanting 
 treafure : In deede iuft faultes haue been 
 founde, for that many infufficient haue 
 taken vpon them fo great charge : that 
 the Bifliops haue paultered their liuings a t-.-ue fault 
 in fo bafe a manner, that forgetting '^^f"^^^''"'^'' 
 their honor, they haue feemed to be fa- 
 miliar with meane perfons : that they 
 haue fuffered the patrons of their li- 
 uings to prefent any : nay, that which is 
 moft intoUerable, that they haue con- 
 fented, whileft patrons haue paufed fo 
 long (a thing needeleffe fo neere an V- 
 niuerfitie) to finde one fufficient to take Crudlpa- 
 the charge, that either a harueft muft '?'''/'^''/ 
 
 ° the church 
 
 quite the coft that the patron hath had hath not the 
 toy many futers, or if it can bee compaf- grdinarie 
 fed, it fhall bee plainelie teniporall. I '""^''^• 
 feele my felfe both too Feeble to com- 
 
 plaine 
 
Religions fpeech to 
 
 plaine and too farre fpent to remedie 
 fo great a mifchiefe ; faultes will bee, 
 yet religion muft bee : the daies are e- 
 uill, but my charge is not to leaue Eng- 
 land whileft the world endureth ; and if 
 I muft (being her companion) I will dye 
 valiantly in her caufe. 
 
 LOY- 
 
LOYALTIES SPEECH TO 
 
 ENGLANDS CHILDREN. 
 
 Fter abundant triall 
 of my many fauours, 
 giue me leaue not vp- 
 brayding you with Loyaltu vr- 
 benefits you haue re-'^^ 
 
 ceiued, only in equall 
 comparifon of other 
 countries, to fhew the wealth of Eng- 
 lands fubiefls, the happines of her land, 
 the increafe of her honor, the content- 
 ment and the euerlafling fame of her 
 three children, and of all thefe obtained 
 by my meanes. Now as the religious 
 dutie to your Prince, the kind affection 
 to your countrie, and the common care 
 amongft your felues one towards ano- 
 ther, are things not onely requifite for 
 your good, but likewife commanded by 
 the lawes of God and nature : fo rebel- 
 C c lion 
 
 nefits. 
 
 II?, 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 Loyaltie can 
 not abide to 
 hears of 
 treafon or fe- 
 dition. 
 
 Underjlan- 
 ding mijled, 
 begets trea- 
 fon. 
 
 What is re- 
 bellion. 
 
 lion (a thing which I quake to heare of) 
 fedition (a thing which I hope I fhall ne- 
 uer heare of) are both fo capitall in 
 themfelues, and fo detefted of all ages, 
 as the people muft needs be barbarous 
 that Hue to doe them, and the Prince, 
 land, and people lamentably miferable, 
 that Hue to fuffer them. And if it were 
 not that falfe pretences (an vfuall cloak 
 for the greateft faults) did make men 
 thinke they were leffe offenfiue, neuer 
 traitor would intend his Princes death, 
 but take punifhment of himfelfe for fo 
 bad a thought : & neuer fubiefts would 
 draw their fwords in feditious manner, 
 but fheath them in the guiltie intrals of 
 their owne bowels. And therfore thofe 
 who haue intended to alter, or vfurpe 
 the flate of their fuperiours (which we 
 call rebellion) not to bee branded with 
 fo foule a fhame ; not to be noted with 
 fo blacke a marke ; not to be called by 
 fo bad a name, haue indeuoured to fig- 
 nifie their fmifters pra£lifes by a good 
 pretence, and haue imployed fuch for 
 
 the 
 
 114 
 
Englands children. 
 
 the effecting of them, as inconftancie 
 hath made defirous of a chaunge, A- 
 theifme careles by what meanes, Prodi- what men 
 gaUtie beggars and full of want, and '^''^ traytors. 
 laftly want hath made them to growe 
 defperate. The trueth hereof is appa- 
 rantly knowne, both by ancient hifto- 
 ries, and of later time, not onely within 
 thefe fmall dominions, hemmed with 
 the narrow feas, but in populous and 
 large Italic, within the walles of proud, 
 (lately and commaunding Rome, where 
 the often Seceffions of the comon peo- 
 ple, to the Mount Auentin, may plainly 
 teflifie that malecontented, they prete- 
 ded a reformation of the rich Nobilitie. 
 So that the horrible, ftrange, and dete- 
 fted praftifes of our time, which fome 
 moft irreligioufly haue plotted to ob- 
 taine their purpofe (being nothing in 
 trueth but an ouerflowing ambition, & 
 an infatiable defire to rule) haue been pai/e j>rettn- 
 
 fmoothed ouer with the fine tearmes oif'^' '" 'my- 
 lars and re- 
 
 a common good, of the freedome Ciibels. 
 the people, of iuflice, of religion, of re- 
 C c 2 forma- 
 
 iiS 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 formation, and fuch like, tilings onely 
 mentioned in name, and no further in- 
 tended, then in a bare fhewe : thus delt 
 they, that fought to alter the Romane 
 Empire by lighting the torch of ciuill 
 diffention, (pretending the more eafily 
 to winne the people) to free them from 
 fubfidies and oppreffion, which then 
 feemed by their gouernours to lye 
 vpon them, making a fhew to the com- 
 mon forte, that they tendered their 
 cafe in fo great a meafure, that they 
 could not longer indure to fee them 
 afflicted in fo bad a manner. Thefe pre- 
 tences wee reade to haue been made in 
 France, thefe haue been made in our 
 countrie : and there was neuer either 
 fubiect feditious in the Commo wealth, 
 or heretike hateful! to Gods Church, 
 but they defired to be accounted Euan- 
 NoteiMs. gelike and Apoftolike reformers, their 
 bad conuenticles (Cockatrices to hatch 
 treafon) they tearmed by the name of 
 Gods Church, their phantafticall opi- 
 nions, Gods knowne trueth, and their 
 
 poyfo- 
 
 ii6 
 
Englands children. 
 
 poyfoned herefies, the infpiration of 
 Gods fpirit. It were tedious & too long 
 to repeate their names, who continual- 
 ly haue flaundered Loyaltie with bafe 
 tearmes, when themfelues haue defer- 
 ued moft badly, both of the Church and 
 of the Common wealth. Thus might I 
 with teares remember the wrong that I 
 fuffered in the Nortlterne Rebellion, where As may ap- 
 though the fact was fo infamous, as the-^^'"'"/?'/ ' 
 
 ° ' fix articles 
 
 memorie is odious to this day, yet did '«'''''''" "» 
 they pretend a reforming of religion, a 
 freedome of confciece, and a bettering 
 of the Common wealth. I paffe ouer 
 without fpeech (but neuer to be reme- 
 bred without fighes) the lamentable re- 
 bellions made in LincolneJItire, the difor- sir lohn 
 der in Norffolke by Ket & his bad com- ^^^^J '"'''"'' 
 panie, the intollerable boldnes in Kent ^i^^. Ne- 
 
 nill. 
 
 by lacke Straw and his accomplices. 
 Thefe and fuch like haue laboured to 
 roote me from the place of mine abode, 
 to pull out Loyaltie from the mindes of 
 fubiects, to make them offend & thinke 
 there is no fault, to raife a flame that 
 Cc 3 may 
 
 117 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 may giue light, whileft the Common- 
 wealth fhall burne ; to ftirre vp thofe 
 vnder pretence of right, who haue de- 
 fired to fubuert the ftate of the whole 
 land. Jofephus an ancient writer, fetting 
 downe the rebellious reuolting, which 
 the Jewes made from the Romanes, vn- 
 der colour of rude and vntoward dea- 
 ling which they found in Florus their 
 gouernour, he fetteth downe the parti- 
 Euer bad l cular remonftrance that King Agrippa 
 things haue ■ j^^^jg touching the fmall appearance of 
 
 good preten- . ° -^ '■ 
 
 fes. occafion which they had, rebellioufly 
 
 to exempt them from their lawfull obe- 
 dience : the lewes replied that it was on- 
 ly againft Florus, and not the Romanes, 
 that they bare armes : whom Agrippa 
 So may I fay tolde it was cafie to fay fo, but their ac- 
 ° ' "f' tions were fuch as worfe could not haue 
 
 li/n traytors. 
 
 been by the greateft enemies of the Ro- 
 mane Empire : for the townes they fac- 
 ked, the treafuries they robbed, the 
 houfes they burnt, the fields they wa- 
 fted ; neither were the townes, the trea- 
 furies, the houfes, the fields of Florus, 
 
 and 
 
 n3 
 
Eng lands children. 
 
 and no man had wrong but the Ro- 
 manes, to whom thefe belonged. In 
 hke manner, when in former times (for 
 I am loth to mention thefe later faults) 
 wrong openly was offered to them of 
 our countrie, the townes take, the chur- 
 ches robbed, the houfes burnt, the men 
 flaine, and not fo much facred, as the 
 very fepulchers of our forefathers, the By Ket. 
 pretence was onely this, not a wrong or 
 difobedience to the Prince, but a re- 
 uenge and reformation of the oppref- 
 fmg cormorant. And thus lately (for I 
 muft needs touch it) whileft Lopez moll 
 lewilhlie, nay ludaflie had concluded 
 with the Spanilh Pharifies to fell his So- 
 ueraigne , yet Ihamefully hee protefted a thing vn 
 this, whereunto common fenfe ^\\S.''.'"'y °"f 
 
 impoJJMe. 
 
 hardly allow credit, that he onely ment 
 to deceiue them of their coyne, and to 
 faue her from harme. Can we thinke the 
 Spanyard fo credulous as in a matter of 
 fo great importance to credit without 
 good caufe .■' Can wee thinke it likely, 
 that he, who had concealed it hetherto 
 
 from 
 
 119 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 Readi the 
 chronicles. 
 
 Mary vn- 
 defertied. 
 
 Peace to ene- 
 mies but not 
 to traytors. 
 
 from her Councell, ment after to impart 
 it to her Maieftie ? Thefe things and ma- 
 nic fuch (howfoeuer fmoothed ouer 
 with a faire fliewe) haue been commit- 
 ted by vnnaturall fubiects, fince her Ma- 
 iefties raigne, that our very enemies for 
 the ftate of our countrie, could by no 
 meanes poffible haue deferued worfe. 
 And howfoeuer the lawe tearme them, 
 not enemies, but fimplie as rebels and 
 feditious to their owne countrie, yet 
 they ought not to be honored with the 
 name of peace, nor as fubiects any way 
 to be made partakers thereof, vnles the 
 infinitely ouerflowing mercie of their 
 Prince vouchfafe them (vndeferued) fo 
 great a fauour. When Anthonie rofe vp 
 in armes againft his countrie, he was 
 iudged & condemned worthilie by the 
 Senate to bee a rebell : and when fome 
 intended to fend vnto him to intreate 
 of peace, Tully thought it was mofl 
 ftrange & farre differing from the flate 
 of the Senate, to affoord a rebel the pri- 
 uiledge of an open enemie. France can 
 
 teftifie 
 
Englands children. 
 
 teftifie of the like when trayterous fub- 
 iects vndeferuedly (giue mee leaue to 
 tearme them by that name) haue been 
 fo mightie to withfland the King, that 
 he hath fent without cotrolHng tearms 
 as to an open enemie : England hath not 
 now (and I happilie wifh, as I hope it ne- 
 uer fliall) any caufe to deale in the hke 
 manner. But the time was in the dayes 
 of Edward the fixt, when a bafe pefant 
 fo braued the Kings armie, that they 
 vouchfafed them parle, as if Rome had 
 fent Ambaffador to the men of Car- 
 thage. But rebelHon being the canker of 
 a Common wealth, time hath taught vs 
 by lamentable experience in the warres 
 of Rome, That /edition doth grow by fuffe- Rome fell by 
 ring, a?td that clemencie is rebebellions fpurre : ^ ^'""^"^ " 
 
 " ' ■'■^ traytors. 
 
 which if it had not bin a ftate fo florifh- 
 ing had not fo foone failed. And for 
 France in the time of holie Lewes, fedi- 
 tion had not been fo foone cut off, no 
 rebellion had been rooted out, if the 
 fword had not been made fharpe for to 
 cut them off : for it . becommeth a Prince 
 D d like 
 
 121 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 An exhorta- 
 tion. 
 
 like a good Surgion, to cut off the pu- 
 trified parts, leafl the found bee infected 
 with the like contagion. Furthermore, 
 to groud my feueritie vpon the tearmes 
 of honor (for Loyaltie ca hardly indure 
 clemencie towards treafon) there is no 
 If we can not Gentleman (vnles degenerate) that will 
 much lejfe ' indure the lye of his companion with- 
 trea/on. ^^^ recanting : and fhall the Prince not 
 
 onely fuffer this, but wrongs, damma- 
 ges, iniuries, & defpitefuUy at the hands 
 of traytors ? Then band your felues 
 Honorable Lords, wife Prelates, braue 
 Captaines, worthie Gentlemen, refolute 
 Soldiers, truftie Citizens, and painful Co- 
 minaltie, that the fmalleft part of treafon 
 may not take ftrength in our time, and 
 all of you rather hazard the laft droppe 
 of your deareft bloud, then by treache- 
 rous dealing, the leafl wrong may bee 
 offered to her facred Maieftie. This is a 
 iuft quarrel wherein Loyallie we are to 
 vnite our felues : for loofing but the 
 bridle to fuch dangerous treafons, our 
 Prince, our liues, our Countrie, our for- 
 tunes, 
 
 A neceffary 
 Caueat. 
 
Englands children. 
 
 tunes, are all indangered at the fame in- 
 ftant. Befides, either to pardon thefe at 
 home, or fondly to credit thofe abroad, 
 can bring no other benefite to the land 
 but this, a contempt of our authoritie, a 
 certaine danger to the Princes perfon, a 
 perpetuall and needfuU feare of fome 
 new attempts : yet euer I muft referue 
 a prerogatiue to my gracious Soue- 
 raigne ; for gracious clentencie a (wor- Mmy often 
 thie vertue to a fubiect) but dangerous '^''"^ ' 
 to a traytor, giues them but leafure to 
 fortifie themfelues ; graunts them but 
 time to renew their force, & the ftorme 
 is no fooner paft, but there is prefent 
 feare of as great a tempeft. For it is 
 great fimplicitie to fuppofe, & (at leaft) 
 the extremitie of follie to beleeue, that 
 thofe who are once pluged in the gulfe Not/afe lo 
 of treafon, and haue throughly plotted ^^" " '"'^' 
 for a kingdomes conqueft, can pofsibly 
 be reclaimed with the greateft kindnes, 
 or let goe their hope, before their liues 
 giue vp the lateft gafpe. If a kingdome 
 were fo weake, or a Prince fo timerous, 
 Dd 2 (as 
 
 123 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 (as almoft it was lately in the Realme of 
 France) yet it were eafie to proue out of 
 the hiftorie of al times, that traytors & 
 feditious perfons, howfoeuer they haue 
 been fo bold that they durft in the field 
 incounter the Lords annoynted : yet he 
 whom the fcripture calleth the author 
 of victorie and the God of battel, fhall 
 make them to flie, when no man follow- 
 eth, fhall caufe ten thoufand of them to 
 bee chafed with a thoufand, and in the 
 day of battell giue victorie to his owne 
 annoynted. The rebellio that was made 
 in Spayne againfb the Emperour Charles 
 Charles the the 5. in the beginning of his raigne, to- 
 gether with the hagpie fucceffe of his 
 Maieftie, may ferue as apparant proofe 
 to confirme this, feeing the feditious 
 faction was foyled, and the moft of the 
 taken captiue. It fhall be needles to adde 
 this, that in the dales of Queene Mary, 
 when firft fhe came vnto the Crowne, 
 finding the people to be mutinous, and 
 in the land nothing almoft but flat re- 
 bellion, in fhorter time then the fpace 
 
 of 
 
 fift- 
 
 124 
 
Englands children. 
 
 of two moneths, worthely fhe was con- 
 queror ouer all her enemies : fuch was 
 the ftate of Flanders 1566. and three 
 yeares after : yet neuer heard of that re- 
 bellious fedition preuailed againfl a 
 lawfull Soueraigne : all ages afoorde 
 multitude of examples in this kind : the 
 vnnaturall riot of Duras : the wonder- 
 full fucceffe of the battall of Dreux in 
 France, and after of Poncenas : and not to 
 ftand in particulars of that country, the 
 euent of things hath made knowne vnto 
 vs, that rebellion builded vpon a weake 
 foundation cannot poflibly ftand, if the 
 Lord in anger do blow vpon it : neither 
 fpeake I this to make a Prince more fe- 
 uere againfl his rebellious fubiects, to 
 make the Scepter of a King plow vp the 
 bowels of his owne countrie men, but to 
 fliew that Loyaltie cannot brooke rebel- 
 lion, that fedition is odious to a good 
 fubiect, & that treafon is intollerable in 
 a Commowealth, if J lincked with Re- 
 ligion, (a thing hardly to bee hoped for 
 in this bad age) coulde but Hue for a 
 Dd 3 fmall 
 
 i25 
 
Soiiu of the 
 Twbilitie. 
 
 Note this. 
 
 A thing la- 
 mentable. 
 
 Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 fmalt time fafe from treafon, if fome of 
 Englands fubiects had continuallie re- 
 mained in my fauor, then durft I bold- 
 ly haue compared with the proudeft na- 
 tion ; and hauing religion a crowne, and 
 loyaltie as a ftrong defence, fhe might 
 valiantly haue incountered her ftouteft 
 foes ; for I may confidently auouch (in 
 the reuerend fecuritie of an vpright 
 minde) that excepting treafons blowne 
 into the heartes of her fubiects, by for- 
 raine enemies, England hath been as free 
 from danger, as far from diftreffe, in as 
 great profperitie, as euer was Hand in 
 fo bad an age. Then countriemen giue 
 mee leaue, to perfwade thus much, that 
 the benefite of treafon fhall bee this, if 
 vnhappilie (which God forbid) you ob- 
 taine your purpofe, your countrie fhall 
 bee defolate, you your felues (hall bee 
 feared and fufpected of your enemies, 
 and thefe ample ornaments, garlands 
 of long peace, fhall crowne your ene- 
 mies, for the victories obtained in your 
 conqueft. I that haue made your chil- 
 dren 
 
 126 
 
Englands children. 
 
 dren dutifull, in whofe mindes the name What loyalty 
 of a Father did extinguifli difobedi- 
 ence : I that haue made your friendes 
 truftie, in whome the name of facred 
 Friend/hip was wont to banifli all de- 
 ceite : I that haue made your wiues 
 in the honorable reuerence of your 
 loue, to refpect no perfwafion of ft:ran- 
 gers, thereby wantonly to commit a- 
 dulterie ; I (I fay) intreate you by thefe 
 fauours, that being children, in duetie 
 you bee not difobedient to fo good a 
 mother, being friendes by promife (and 
 that confirmed with a facred vow) you 
 bee not found deceitefull to fo dread a 
 Soueraigne : & laftly, being thofe whom 
 nature, religion, time and countrie haue 
 matched nearlie for this 36. yeares, with 
 fo gratious a Prince, that you bee not 
 feene to proftitute your bewtie to a 
 ftranger , to admit Tarquin into your puuar. in 
 fauour, and (neuer to bee vnpunifhed) ''''• ''^ ^'''"°- 
 to violate fo great an oath : for what 
 the feuen Ambaffadors commended in 
 
 their 
 
 127 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 their common wealths vnto King Pto- 
 lomey, that England may iuftly vaunt 
 fhe profeffeth at this day : and where as 
 they in three things compared which 
 fhould excell, England poffeffmg one & 
 twentie, may iuftly in comparifon out 
 ftrip the proudeft that Europe hath. The 
 Ambaffadors of Rome boafted that their 
 Temples were honoured, their gouernours o- 
 beyed, and their wicked punijhed; may not 
 England doe it more iuftly, if you com- 
 pare it with thofe times ? And yet for 
 honouring our Temples, I cannot fo 
 much commend vs, but onely that that 
 little honor (which they haue amongft 
 fome) it is in true fmceritie. The Am- 
 baffadors of Carthage iuftly boafted that 
 their Nobilitie was valiant to fight, their 
 Cominajlie to take paynes, and their Philo- 
 fophers to teach : was there euer countrie 
 (I except not Carthage in his beft eftate) 
 where either the Nobilitie is more va- 
 liant, the Cominaltie more laborious, 
 or the teachers more profound, then in 
 
 England 
 
 128 
 
Englands children. 
 
 England at this day ? The Ambafladors 3- 
 
 of Cicely boafted that their countrie exe- 
 cuted iustice, loued trueth, and commen- 
 ded Jimplicitie : neuer Common wealth I 
 dare auouch, fmce the firfl focietie that 
 man had, was ruled with more vp- 
 right iuftice, was honored with greater 
 trueth, and admired for more fimplici- 
 tie, then generallie is the ftate of Eng- 4- 
 
 land: the Ambaffadors of the Rhodians 
 bragged, that the old men were honejl, the 
 young men Jhamefaste, and the women 
 peaceable, and may not England iuftlie 
 boafle of all thefe ? The Ambaffadors 
 of Athens, that they confented not that s- 
 
 their rich fhould be partiall, their people 
 Jhould be idle, their gouernours Jhotdd be ig- 
 norant, and is not all this now as true in 
 England amongft vs ; as euer it was in 
 Alliens amongft them ? The Ambajfa- 6. 
 
 dours of Lacedemon, vaunted that there 
 was no enuie becaufe all were equcdl, no co- 
 ueteoufnes becaufe all were common : 
 no idlenes, becaufe all did labour : and 
 Ee are 
 
 129 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 Enuiedofo- are not the fame banifhed from our 
 ther nalions, . , , r 
 
 land, howfoeuer procured by a better 
 
 caufe ? For England wanteth enuie in her 
 felfe, not becaufe all are equall, but all 
 friends : England is not couetous, not by 
 reafon of communitie, but becaufe of 
 confcience. And idlenes out of this land 
 Lourdane. was banifhed long fmce, with the Lorde 
 "J. Dane. The Ambaffadors of Sicionia glo- 
 rified iuftlie in thefe three (wherein 
 England is fuppofed to bee farre fhorte) 
 that they admitted no Jlrangers, inuentors 
 of new toyes, that they wanted [no] Phifitions to 
 kill the Jicke, and aduocates to make their 
 pleas immortall, wherein I muft needes 
 confeffe (for trueth onely becom- 
 
 meth my talke) that howfoeuer in the 
 aboundance of her wealth, England 
 hath giuen ftrangers money for very 
 toyes, yet it was not for loue of them, 
 but to fhew the world, that their plentie 
 was not debarde from euery ftranger : 
 for Phifitions I may truly fay thus, that 
 the jEfculapins honoring Padwaie in 
 
 the 
 
 130 
 
Englands children. 
 
 the aboundance of her skill, is vnequall Learned 
 to make comparifon with vs in England \ ^^^^^f/Qg^^^. 
 and laftly, for our aduocates (a flaun--/''^^'^-^' 
 der I confeffe common, but yet moft 
 vntrew) men fo learnedlie wife, fo wife- 
 lie religious, and fo refpectiuely lear- 
 ned, wife and religious, as if Europe 
 would feeme to contend in this, dout- 
 les fhee fhould bee found farre inferior. 
 Now thefe (and benefites farre greater 
 then thefe are) Ihould England be rob- 
 bed of by Treafon, depriued of by Sediti- 
 on, and quite fpoyled of by Rebellion. 
 And therefore in the colde quaking 
 feare of fo great an euill, when as I think 
 how treafon goeth about to fupplant 
 my ftate, to fel my honor, and make me 
 perifli with one wound, then doe I iuft- 
 ly wifli the teares of King Anchifes 
 mourning for the fatall deftruction of 
 proude Troye, or of M. Marcellus for 
 the citie of Syracufa, when hee fawe it 
 burne : or of Salust when he fawe Rome 
 ill gouerned : or of King Demetrius, 
 Ee 2 when 
 
 131 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 when hee faw his fonne in lawe flaine in 
 the battaile of Marathone. But becaufe 
 mens harts are flintie, and not touched 
 with iuft forrowe, breeding remorfe o 
 my fall, let me wifh, and wifhing obtaine 
 the kinde and brinifh teares of Queene 
 Rofana, for her husband Darius, when 
 he was conquered by the great Alexan- 
 der, or of bewtifull Cleopatra, weeping 
 without comfort, that her beft beloued 
 Anthony was conquered by CcBfar : but 
 if thefe teares be prophane, and not be- 
 fitting to mourne for the wrong, to fo 
 vertuous and to fo holy an Hand, then 
 let me wifti the teares of Jeremy for Ba- 
 bylon, when it was made captiue, or Da- 
 uids mourning for his fonne Abfolon, or 
 olde father Jacobs for his fonne Jofeph: 
 this were tragicke matter, to write of 
 treafon, to thinke but of that (yet death 
 to thinke) which they intended, after 
 that day (if euer that then day fhoulde 
 enioy a funne) (being darker then the 
 blackeft night) (as I wifh and hope that 
 
 it 
 
Englands children. 
 
 it neuer (hall) Ihall Englands wife and 
 painefuU Chroniclers write nothing^ 
 
 but warres and bloodie fieldes : Poets 
 Lucmi-like begin with Bella per emathios 
 plus quam. ciuilia Campos : and then thofe 
 that like the Philofopher Ariminus, 
 (who wrote of the aboundance of ^- 
 gypt) haue finelie difcourfed of the 
 plentie of this Hand, may fit downe, and 
 fhew a naked, bare, and flefhles Skele- 
 ton to the whole worlde : and thofe that 
 haue boafted (as Demophon of the fer- 
 tiltie of Arabia) fhall figh and fay that 
 Englijhmens teares hath fhedde fuch a- 
 boundance of falte, in the earths fur- 
 rowes, that the Hand is become bar- 
 ren : and they that like Thurilides (of the 
 treafures of Tyrus) haue tolde the 
 worlde by trauaile of Etiglands wealth, 
 may fit downe and fay, The rich betray- 
 ed, are the richest fpoyles : and thofe that 
 like Afclepius (of the mines of Europe) 
 haue written of the welthie bowels of 
 the Englifh earth, fhall fay that then fhe 
 Ee 3 fen- 
 
 133 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 fendeth forth nothing but fmoake, defi- 
 rous to make an eternall night : And 
 thofe that haue written like Dodrillus (pi 
 the praife of Greece) (or Leonidas of the 
 triumphs of Thebes, or Eumenides of A- 
 thens gouernment) fhall tell pofteritie, 
 that Treafon in one day depriued Eng- 
 land of all thefe. 
 As they ac- But leaft fome fhould think, that then 
 
 count It. j^y forrow fhould be greater the caufe 
 
 why, and that the loffe were nothing 
 which England fhould haue by fo foule 
 a fmne ; giue mee leaue but in plaine 
 tearmes to fet forth a naked trueth, and 
 diuiningly to tell, what would bee Eng- 
 lands miferie at that day : M. Craffus the 
 renowmed Romane, valiant in warre, & 
 wife at home, taking Syllas part againft 
 Marius and Julius Ccefar, that was then 
 Dictator, who being taken prisoner 
 fpake a loude, J weigh not my harme, but 
 Tellitnotin the pleafure that CraJJus fhall haue to heare 
 ' ^'' this newes : And amongft other, furely 
 this will not bee the leaft that Spayne 
 
 fhould 
 
 134 
 
Englands children. 
 
 fliould heare but of this harme, the 
 Court which is now (hke the eight 
 Spheare) beautified fullie with fixt ftars, 
 fhould be nothing but like the ayre full 
 of Meteors, fending downe lightning, 
 thunder, raine, haile, and fuch like : and 
 
 then fliould ancient Cato that in 86. The ancient 
 
 r , ■ ^ j_ and emue 
 
 yeares was neuer feene to violate gra- ^^w^//^,- 
 
 uitie, fo much as by a fmile ; who was 
 wife in fpeech, fweete in conuerfation, 
 in correcting feuere, in prefents liberal, 
 in diet fober, in promife certaine, and 
 laftly inexorable in iuftice : leaue the 
 Court at the age of 55. yeares, and be- 
 take him to a little village neere Pilena, 
 where the pafsinger might write vpon 
 the porch of his poore cabinet, f(Blix 
 Cato tu folus fcis viuere : O happie Cato 
 thou onely knoweft how to Hue : then 
 fliould Lucullus one of the valianteft 
 Captaines that Rome had after the warre Tkemifery 
 againfl: the Partkians (feeing the com- ''■^^''■^'''''"'•'• 
 mon wealth troubled with the ciuill fa- 
 6tion of Sylla and Marius) from Rome, 
 
 betake 
 
 135 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 betake himfelfe to Lobo neere Athens ; 
 then might Dioclejian (although a ty- 
 Eihis, Spar, rant, which is feldome but ambitious) 
 after i8. yeares gouernment, betake 
 himfelfe to fpend the reft of his dales in 
 obfcure filence ; whom if the Romanes 
 would recall by ambaffage, within two 
 yeares after he would rather liue in his 
 poore garden with Pericles his infcrip- 
 tion, Jnueni portum, /pes &• fortuna valete, 
 nil mihi vobifcum , ludite nunc alios : (the 
 fame is ingrauen in the tombe of Fran- 
 cifcus Pullicius) And then iuftly fhould 
 Scipio Africanus fomtimes fo highly ho- 
 nored in Rome, which in the 22. yeares 
 that he made war with AJia, Africk and 
 Spayne, neuer fought vnluckely, who 
 gained Africa, facked Carthage, ouer- 
 came Numantia, and conquered Han- 
 nibal: yet difcontented liued in a poore 
 towne for eleuen yeares, without euer 
 entring into Rome or Capua. Such fliould 
 be then the defolate flate of this whole 
 Hand : and greater calamities fliould 
 
 fall 
 
 136 
 
Englands children. 
 
 fall vpon vs, then a heart not vfed to 
 thefe, pofsiblie were able to vtter. But 
 feeing I haue begun, giue mee leaue a 
 little to reafon the cafe further : Can Loyaitie ve- 
 they preferre vnknowne, before thofe '^""^f/' 
 that are well knowne ? vniufl, before >». 
 thofe that are moft iuft ? Arrangers, be 
 fore domefticall ? couetous, before fo- 
 berly moderate ? wicked, before religi- 
 ous ? deadly enemies, before thofe that 
 are fworne vnto the Common wealth ? 
 a Spanyard, before an Englijhman, and 
 Philip before our dread Soueraigne ? 
 There was neuer nation found fo bar- 
 barous, fo cruel, fo without pitie, where- 
 in not fo many (nay not one) was found 
 fo cruell to his owne countrie. Tully (O 
 if he liued now to invey againfl thofe) 
 thought Verves the worft man that euer 
 countrie had : yet compare him with 
 thefe, and he was meerely honeft ; hee 
 ftole but out of Appollos temple, fecretlie 
 and in the night, fome fewe religiouflie Traytorscs- 
 honoured Images: but thefe (I feare '<-'^velm.' 
 F f fpeake 
 
 '37 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 fpeake it) haue intended to take a fa- 
 cred Prince from a holie land : he offer- 
 red violence to the place where Apollo 
 was borne, but thefe not to the place, 
 but to a perfonage, farre more facred 
 then Apollos was. But let not deep fcan- 
 ning wifedome be offended that I com- 
 pare her to Apollo : for whatfoeuer wrog 
 was offered to that, which trueth, or ig- 
 norance, deemed in earth the deareft, 
 that is contained in the treafons, which 
 haue been intended againft our dread 
 Soueraigne ; who all this while ftanding 
 like a rocke of pearles (in the affured 
 God. confidence of Englands watchman) is 
 not danted to fee her enemies to bee fo 
 malitious. After that Philip of Macedon 
 had conquered the Athenians, hauing 
 Philofophers at fupper with him he pro- 
 pounded this Question, What was the 
 greatest thing in all tlte worlde ; one an- 
 fwered the water : another faide the 
 funne : another faide the hill Olympus : a- 
 nother fayd the giant Atlas: another 
 
 fayd 
 
 138 
 
Englands children. 
 
 faide Homer: but the laft and wifeft an- 
 fwered {nihil aliud in rebus humanis mag- 
 num, niji magna defpiciens) nothing is 
 great in humane things, but a minde 
 that contemneth great things. M. Cu- 
 rius, whe the Ambaffadours of the Sam- 
 nites offered him golde in great abun- 
 dance, anfwered, I had rather bee Lord 
 ouer you, that are Lordes ouer it, then 
 onely poffeffe it felfe : and did not this 
 fpeech of his deferue better then the 
 action of Luctdlus to rob the Spartatisf 
 Did not Crates gaine more glorie by 
 cafting his riches into the fea, then King 
 Nabuchadonozor for taking the treafure 
 out of the temple? Is it not more ho- 
 nor for the rich Jndians to contemne 
 their golde, then for the greedie Spany- 
 ards fo to couet it ? which if it were not 
 vfed to the preiudice of forraine prin- 
 ces, all countries could wifh him to bee 
 glutted with it, and that the Jberian 
 fands were like vnto golden Tagus, and 
 their little riuers, like vnto Pactolus 
 F f 2 ftreames 
 
 139 
 
Loyalties fpeech to 
 
 ftreames ; but fince he makes it the fi- 
 nevv of his warre, and his warre no- 
 thing but an intended triumph ouer 
 the greateft Empyres ; it behooueth 
 Princes to croffe his Argolies, that goods 
 lewdlie gotten, may not be worfe fpent : 
 but whileft thefe ruinating ambitious 
 plotts, grounded vpon treafon, haue ri- 
 fen vp like a Pyramides in the greateft 
 A happie Kingdomcs, Englands Soueraigne hath 
 J'S^ • fitten confident, without prefumption, 
 
 conquering without crueltie, and victo- 
 rious without contention. Whileft in 
 the meane time Sedition fhalbe ruinous, 
 Rebellion fhall haue an end, and Treafon 
 fhall be fatall to him that thought it : for 
 when heathen writers haue flatteringly 
 perfwaded that treafon may ' haue fuc- 
 4 King. 15. ceffe, then fhall the Scripture fay. That 
 neuer traitor was mentioned and left vn- 
 punifhed. Sellam confpired againft Za- 
 chartas the King of Ifrael, and flew him, 
 but within one moneth after, hee him- 
 felfe was flaine of Manahem: Peka con- 
 fpired 
 
 140 
 
Eng lands children. 
 
 fpired againft Pekahn, and after was 
 flaine of Ofeas, and Ofeas the laft king of 
 Ifrael, was taken bound and brought 
 into AJfyria. Infinite might examples 
 bee in this kinde, who vpon falfe per- 
 fwafion haue rifen vp againft the Lords 
 anoynted, and haue perifhed like labin lud. 4. 23. 
 in the day of battaile, and wee may fmg 
 with Deborah, They fought from, heauen e- 
 uen the flarres in their courfe fought against judg. 5. 20. 
 Sifera : the riuer of Kijhon fwept titem a- ^'' 
 way, the auntient riuer, the riuer Kifhon, O nijiifleete. 
 my foule thou hast marched valiantlie. Hi- 
 therto haue I been toffed in the dange- 
 rous warres of fwelling Treafon, where 
 iuft occafion was offered to fpeake of 
 fundrie by name, famous to the worlde 
 for fuch foule offences : but I am loath 
 to rippe vp the hatefuU memorie of our 
 countries enemies, whome though ray- 
 ling brainficke Romoaldus the Scot, feem in confutat. 
 to cleare by his fond defence, yet it is fo ^^"'""^ 
 friuolous, idle, without learning, rea- 
 ding, or experience, as I can tearme it 
 Ff 3 nothing 
 
 141 
 
Loyalties fpeeck to, &c. 
 
 Againjlmy nothing but CatiUns oration againft 
 others. TulUes Confulfhip : and when profanely 
 
 by his defence hee hath encouraged 
 traytors the beft hee can : yet then with 
 indifferent and wife readers he fhall bee 
 deemed foolifli, and England florifli o- 
 uer all her enemies. I am willing Coun- 
 Thecondii- trimen, to fpeake more largely vnto 
 you, but fearing to bee troublefome, I 
 onely defire but this fauour, that accor- 
 ding to the Hon. Examples of your fa- 
 mous forefathers, Loyaltie may dwell 
 in the heartes of Englifli 
 fubie6ls. 
 
 fion, 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 142 
 
A Queji of Enquirie, 
 
 by women, to know. 
 Whether the Tripe-wife were trimmed 
 
 by Doll yea or no. 
 
 Gathered by Oliuer Oat-meale. 
 
 Imprinted at London hy T. G. and are to be 
 
 fold in Paules Church-yard. 
 
 1595- 
 
OLiuer, if your name be Oliuer, by your leaue 
 a caft, for I muft fhout in betweene the doore 
 and the wal, that is fhuffle a letter in betweene 
 your title and Pamphlet : which Letter was directed to 
 be left at the two fooles at London bridge : and for my 
 hart I cannot finde the figne. Now fince your Pam- 
 phlet lackes both a Piftle and a Patrone, I thinke this 
 letter wil fit ye for either, and by wandring among ma- 
 nie, happen at length into the right owners hands. It 
 followes at auenture. 
 
 To Simon Huff-fmijf the terrible Book-tearer, 
 & furious defacer of tlie Tripe-wiues effigies, 
 peace offered with cap and knee, to preferue all 
 papers from like extremitie. 
 
 Haught minded, and hot fpirited Simon, I falute ye. 
 Underftanding your valarous affaults againft The 
 Tricking of the Tripe-wife, in fundrie places : I could 
 but commend your forwardnes : and praife your adui- 
 fed opinion vpon the firft fight, both of the Author that 
 made it, and of them that neuer heard of it before your 
 felfe : twas well done, you fliall finde Cafialian of my 
 minde, that of fuch fwift cenfurers hath this fentence : 
 
 A fooks bolt is foone fJtot, 
 Adpenitendum properat, cito qui iudicat. 
 
 Tut, what tell I you of repentance, proceed, pro- 
 ceed, your neighbor Nichol and you may anfwere any 
 
 A 2 thing 
 
 145 
 
thing you doo. By your leaue fir a little : and while I 
 talke, haue fome patience, glare not with your eyes, 
 fome not at the mouth, ftrike not with your fills, ftamp 
 not with your feete : I will reafon reafonably vppon 
 my honeftie, & yet I care not if I leaue argument, and 
 vfe example. 
 
 A quaint fellow growen fortunate : excelling as hee 
 thinkes both in wealth and wifedome all his other ri- 
 ualls, forges to himfelfe an imaginarie conceipt, that 
 they enuying his good, intend to haue publike lefts at 
 him and his late won wife. The moft of them whofe 
 good fortunes it was to loofe (as it had been great pit- 
 tie to part fo louing a couple) are moft Scholler-like 
 Gentlemen, and one of them generally beloued of all 
 that imprinting haue experience to publifh any thing, & 
 at this time is poffeft of a worfhipfull place, according 
 to the laudable cuftomes of this honorable Citie. Now 
 which way in your opinion is beft to preuent the wri- 
 ting or publifhing of anie odde toy' : ftiall he reconcile 
 himfelfe to thofe that were the quondam futers, & giue 
 good words, becaufe his widdow hath been notoriouf- 
 ly ridiculous' : Or fhall he run vp and downe the town, 
 with frifkes, and heighs, and fillops, and trickes, ac- 
 companied with fome fuch wife-akers as himfelfe, (Be 
 not offended Simon, though you be his companion) re- 
 uiling his betters, and abufing his equals. The ex- 
 ample needes no application : and for aunfwere your 
 neighbor Nichol tooke his laft courfe. For I haue 
 heard him that trickt the Tripe-wife fweare, till her 
 hufband abufed him, and your felfe conforting with 
 Nick Trickes mifufed his whole companie, the Ma- 
 fters, efpecially one of them, in kindnes and reuerence 
 
 of 
 
 146 
 
that honourable name yee vfde, vouchfafing both to ac- 
 companie and counfell you for your owne good : whofe 
 good wil you rewarded with reproches : but they that 
 touch pitch fhall be defiled, and thofe that pleafure in- 
 grateful perfons vnthankfully requited. He protefts 
 before God, that the Mafters of his Companie, are 
 vtterly ignorant of his proceedings, and for ought hee 
 knoweth are at him offended. He appeales to all the 
 worfhipfuU Companies in London, efpecially to thofe 
 of whom your felues are free, whether ye haue not done 
 the parts of intemperate idiots, to abufe men in autho- 
 ritie without caufe : and protefts, had he been but a wa- 
 terman, as he is a profeffor of the moft noble Science 
 of Printing, hee would not haue fuffered the abufe of 
 his fuperiors. He repenteth not anie thing that he hath 
 written, but is onely forrie that he is by an honorable 
 perfonage miftaken : but doubteth not fliortly to proue 
 how you haue abufed one verie nere him. He fweares 
 that where he hath been a mortall enimie to all Ballad 
 fingers, he will neuer inuaigh againft them more, if 
 they will fing at your windowes a new Jigge, termed 
 Anne Tripes. Confider neighbor Simon the contents, 
 to waft paper be pitifull, and learne patience : keepe a 
 good tung in your head, leaft it hurt your teeth. Fare- 
 well Sim, and commend me to your ouerthwart neigh- 
 bour. 
 
 Yours to vfe, when ye know how to 
 vfe your felfe. D. D. 
 
 A 3 An 
 
 147 
 
An Eglogue louingly begun and unluckely ended 
 
 betweene the Tripe-wife, and Trickes 
 
 her husband. 
 
 Trickes. 
 C* Weete fweete Sowce-wife on this fraile of figs, 
 Defpite of thofe that doo our fortunes hate : 
 lefiing at vs with Ballads and with ligs, 
 Enough to make kinde loue vnkinde debate. 
 
 And while we carrot of our dif content. 
 With firained notes, likefcritch owles yrkefome crie. 
 The roaring riuer vnto our lament 
 Shall lend her lowd confufed harmonie. 
 
 Tripe-wife. 
 Ah were wefeated in a fowce-tubs fhade, 
 Ouer our heads of tripes a canopie : 
 Remembrance of my pafl ioy-thriuing trade. 
 Would fomewhat eafe my prefent miferie, 
 
 Butfince I trotted from my trotter Jiall, 
 And figd about from neates feete neatly drefl: 
 I finde no pleafure nor content at all, 
 But Hue difdaind, defpifde, abufde, diflrefl. 
 
 Trickes. 
 
 1+8 
 
Ttickes. 
 Why here are fweetes, fweete Loue, for fent and taji, 
 Frute from the Straights, Spaine, Candie, Barbarie, 
 Indian Tobacco, humors moyfi to wafl. 
 Thou knowfi I haue a pipe for thee and mee. 
 
 Succades and comfets, harts-help Cynamon : 
 Pepper cold in the maiv, hot on the tmig : 
 Seny to purge, health-keeping Balfamum, 
 And Mace, to make thy vizard fmooth and young. 
 
 Tripe-wife. 
 Out upon all this trafh, your drugs, your f pice, 
 Twere well if I had neuer feene your houfe : 
 You tearme my vifage vizard, goodman vice : 
 But I was yong, faire, neate, when I fold fowfe. 
 
 Trickes. 
 Thy tripes were yong, thy neates feete fat and fair e, 
 Thy fo'wfe was fweete, and all tliefe longed to thee : 
 Thy f elf e wert wythered, old, leane, meager, bare, 
 Yet thou and they were both beloude of mee. 
 
 But neither thou nor they may make compare 
 With me or mine, therefore contend no more : 
 Tlie Butc/ters offals were thy fweetefl ware. 
 Mine, of farre Kingdomes are the wealthy ftore. 
 
 Tripe- 
 
 W) 
 
Tripe-wife. 
 Accurji was T to leaue the Butchers fees, 
 How bafefo ere, they brought in golden gaine, 
 The mijlres Tripe-wiues name by thee I leefe : 
 That loffe, their lacke, I ceafeleffe doo complaine. 
 
 Trickes. 
 Accurji was T to Imunt the pudding houfe, 
 Where fwine facde beautie onely fate in pride: 
 Curjl be the chitterlings, the tripe, the fowfe, 
 And curjl my felfe that did not all deride. 
 
 Tripe-wife. 
 What dooji thou curffe my trade ? be this thy paine : 
 Run booties madding, rauing vp and doivne : 
 All helplefly gainjl jygging rynies complaine, 
 Let euerie Ballad-finger beare thee downe. 
 
 Trickes. 
 
 Saifi thou mefo, thou Tripe, thou hated fcortie ? 
 Goefwill thy fowfe-tubs, loathed pudding-wife : 
 My brother Hufffnuf and my felfe haue fworne, 
 Spite of thy eares to lead apleafant life. 
 
 With this they part: andfo the Eglogue ended, 
 Tripe was with Trickes, and Trickes with Tripe of- 
 fended. 
 
 150 
 
A Quejl of enquirie of twelne good, konefi, and fub- 
 
 Jlantiall women, vpon examination of certaine 
 
 perfons, whether the Tripe wife were trimde or 
 no. 
 
 IS it euen fo neighbor Nicholfon' : now in good 
 fadneffe I am fory for your mifhap, that a man- 
 age accomph'rtied fo haftily, fhould be repented fo 
 fuddenly. Yet man, keepe your owne counfell, and 
 feare not, all will be well enough I warrant ye. You 
 alleadge in your letters, what a blemifh it is to your 
 credit, and withall, what an inward vexation of minde 
 you are perplext withall, when your friends caft in 
 your teeth your marriage with the Tripe wife, what a 
 beaftly filthy flut fhe hath beene, and ftill is, without 
 any hope of her amendment. Yet all this is not fo gree- 
 uous to ye, as the bad reportes that flie abroad of her, 
 that not contenting her felfe to be cofoned by a nota- 
 ble drab, fhe muft afterward, or at the fame inftant, 
 be trimde by that new vpftart Barbar, who infteed of 
 Siffers, was glad to vfe a paire of fheeres, and for 
 want of a chaire, fuch as men vfe to fit in when they 
 are trimde, fhe muft aduance one foote vpon a Tre- 
 uot, and make the other leg ftanding foolifhly by, ac- 
 ceffarie to the others intollerable follie. O world of 
 iniquitie, where are womens wits' : that make no dif- 
 ference betweene their owne fecrets, and a Cowe 
 heele or a Tripe, and becaufe their education hath one- 
 ly bene to drefling of the one, therefore they muft needs 
 make a triall of trimming the other. 
 
 B For 
 
 151 
 
For your fake good neighbour, pittying your day- 
 ly vexation, and according to my promife when we met 
 laft at Ratcliffe : I went to the place you wot of, where 
 (though it was fomewhat to my coft, yet nothing is 
 ouer deere in regarde of a friend) I made meanes to 
 get in, euen fo foone as the Queft of women were 
 newly calde together, and before any of the perfons 
 to be examined were admitted to anfwere. When fee- 
 ing how orderly they intended to proceede, and that 
 heereby a perfect refolution might enfue, both for my 
 felfe and you : I drew foorth my writing Tables, 
 and getting clofe into a corner noted downe euery 
 thing fo neere as I could, which now written more at 
 large, then in fo fmall a roome I could comprife, 
 I haue fent ye by my feruant William, who hath fur- 
 ther inftruction befide to acquaint ye with, whereof I 
 defire ye to haue an efpeciall care. 
 
 Firft, Margaret, not your wifes daughter, but a by- 
 blowe (as is imagined) of your predeceffours, was 
 called before the women. 
 
 Then mother Meffingkam, the old true peny for 
 trimming of a Tripe, then Alice and lone : William 
 fliould haue bin there, but was not, marie Richard very 
 honeftly came in, and defended the caufe very fubftan- 
 tially, fo did Miftreffe Rofe, and the partie with the 
 golde Ring on the forefinger. The intergatories for ex- 
 amination, were thefe that follow, 
 
 1 Imprimis, whether fuch a woman, named Doll 
 Phillips, came to the dwelling houfe of the Tripe 
 wife at fuch a time, naming the moneth and day. 
 
 2 Secondly, what talke they had beneath toge- 
 ther, and whether (he brought with her a letter or 
 no. 
 
 3 Third- 
 
 152 
 
3 Thirdly, who went vp the ftaires with them, 
 whether any body, or themfekies alone. 
 
 4 Fourthly, how long they taried aboue together, 
 and whether any fheeres were cald for or no, or whe- 
 ther they had them ready aboue in the Chamber. 
 
 5 Fiftly, whether they knew them to be vfed or 
 no, for taking away of haire from her head, or the o- 
 ther vnfeemly place. 
 
 6 Sixtly, whether the Tripe wife had fo many 
 futers as Doll fpeakes of, to the number of nineteene 
 or no. 
 
 7 Seauenthly, whether they knew the man that 
 had beene fo borde with the Tripe wife, that threw her 
 on the bed, kift her, and did, or would haue done ali- 
 quid amplius, becaufe he was the furtheft in her 
 bookes. 
 
 8 Eightly, whether the Capon and Turkie (by 
 any of their knowledge) was fent to the King and 
 Queene of Faires or no. 
 
 Other queftions were, demanded afterward, but not 
 with fuch vrgencie as thefe, becaufe you know thefe 
 were moft materiall, and (as the cafe ftood) were 
 moft neceffarie to be knowne : yet will I tell yc 
 what the other were, when I come to fpeake of them 
 as they happened. 
 
 Margaret ftood laughing, holding her hand before 
 her mouth all the while the articles were read, wher- 
 upon, one of the women fharply reproued her after 
 this manner. What Margaret, maide (if ye be) ye 
 fliewe fmall ciuilitie, regarde yee not where yee are': 
 you imagine belike, that ye are in the Queenes head 
 in Pater nofter rowe : ye made a wife nights worke 
 there, did ye not, when (about you) a man was ftabd 
 
 B ii fo 
 
 ^'■>i 
 
fo farre into the backe, fie for fliame, be more modeft, 
 elfe this (and your other trickes) will vtterly marre 
 your mariage, if yee Hue to be worthie of fo honorable 
 a calling. 
 
 The woman had no fooner vttered thefe fpeeches, 
 but Margaret blufhing (for fhe hath a little grace yet 
 left her) flood very demurely, making courtefie at euery 
 woord, and promifed to anfwere euery article truely, 
 according to her knowledge, and thus fhe began. 
 
 Upon the day you name, fhe whome you tearme 
 Doll Philips, came to my mothers houfe, in the ha- 
 bit of a countrey woman, faying fhe was fent from 
 one maifler Grace in Effex ; a Gentleman profefTmg 
 the lawe, and a very familiar friend of my mothers, 
 for whofe fake fhe was the better welcome, and much 
 talke paffed betweene my mother and her, becaufe fhe 
 fhewed her felfe fo perfe6lly acquainted with Maijler 
 Grace. A letter fhe brought indeed, which being read, 
 fhe told my mother, that fhee had more weighty mat- 
 ters to confer with her on, which made my mother 
 take her vp the ftaires with her, not admitting any but 
 themfelues to go with them. The time of their tari- 
 ance there, was not aboue three quarters of an houre 
 at the vttermofl in all, which fpace I heard no Sheeres 
 cald for, neither were any caried vp to them, nor knowe 
 I whether any were aboue in the Chamber or no. 
 
 Now concerning your demaunde for vfage of the 
 Sheeres, truely I am perfuaded it is vtterly vntrue, 
 and onely rumoured abroad to defame my mother. For 
 though file was defirous to haue the fpurrialles that 
 were loft, and which I haue often times feene when 
 my father was aliue : yet I haue a better opinion of my 
 mother then fo, that fhe would not graunt to enioy them 
 
 by 
 
 154 
 
5 
 
 by any fuch a bad meane. Yet age now a dayes in thefe 
 latter dayes, fhewes themfelues fo fimple oftentimes, 
 that one can hardly anfwer for them in matters of more 
 importance, therefore I referre yee in this cafe to olde 
 mother Mefsingham. Ihe hath beene moft inward with 
 my mother, and therefore in fuch a doubtfull caufe can 
 beft refolue ye. 
 
 That fhe had nineteene woers, I am not able to 
 ftand diredlly vpon the iuft number, but queftionleffe I 
 imagine fhe had (from the beginning of her widdow- 
 head) rather more then one fewer, for I tell yee, my 
 father left her that which made her lookt after, and 
 not fo much but olde Saunders the Sergeant, became 
 a luftie futer to her : but neuer I thinke was widdowe 
 fo wafht in fack, Sugar, and good drinkes. I warrant 
 there are fome that yet fit and thinke on their lauifh ex- 
 pences, for my mother was outwardly kinde to all, but 
 inwardly enclined to thinke well of no one, for if fhe 
 -could not deepely diffemble, there are liers abroad, but 
 I name no body, in regarde fhe may now make amends 
 for that fault. 
 
 Nowe that there was one more fpeciall in her fa- 
 uour then all the reft, we in the houfe haue diuerse 
 times imagined fomewhat, mary could neuer ^perceiue 
 any outward token to be noted : but the woman who 
 pretended cunning to her, threw forth very vnmanner- 
 ly fpeeches of the matter, that vnder fhrifte (as it were) 
 fhe difclofed the man to her, which if flie did, fhe was 
 not fo wife as I tooke her for : my felf am but a young 
 wenche, and yet if I intended to beftow fuch a token of 
 my fauor on any one, mine owne mouthe fhould neuer 
 be the trumpet of my Ihame, but rather as I had offen- 
 jded fondely, it fhould be lockt in my bofome the more 
 fecretly, for let the worlde imagine what they lift, 
 
 B iii v/hen 
 
 I5S 
 
when they know nothing, I haue both the winde and 
 water fide of them. 
 
 As for fending the Capon and Turkic to the King 
 and Queene of Fayries, thats beft knowne to Doll 
 and my mother, for the matche was clofely made be- 
 tweene themfelues, and whether on any fuch condi- 
 tion or no, I am not able to fay : but fure I am our 
 maide caried them with her, and deliuered them to the 
 woman, ere they came halfe way to the king of Fay- 
 ries houfe, for they fay his dwelling is at Paddingtan, 
 and the maide was difcharged of her burthen in high 
 Holborne. 
 
 This is all I can deliuer good women, and (vpon 
 my maidenhead) I haue told ye as much in thefe mat- 
 ters as I am able to fay ; for I had more minde of 
 other bufineffes for my felfe, then either to regarde 
 my mothers coufenage or wooing. 
 
 Call in mother Mefsingham (quoth the Cryer) 
 and (he will refolue yee thorowly in thefe cunning 
 affaires. 
 
 She being come before the Quefl, whimpe- 
 ring and making courtefies downe to the ground at 
 euery word : defired fhe might be no accufer of her 
 good olde miflreffe, for fhe knew nothing in thefe mat- 
 ters, and therefore could fay little, but being comman- 
 ded to proceed in the Articles, fhe pleaded ignorance 
 to all but one, and the knowledge Ihe had in that one 
 was but by bare reporte, neither therefore (quoth fhe) 
 builde not vpon the trueth of my words, for I receiued 
 them at the fecond hand, and few things (ye know) are 
 mended in the cariage. It is (quoth fhe) concerning her 
 number of futers whereof I am to fpeake, and 
 which of them receiued moft affurance of her kindneffe : 
 
 then 
 
 .I.6 
 
then thus (after Dols owne words) will I tell ye what 
 I heard. 
 
 When the coofening Drab had perfwaded my mi- 
 ftreffe, that fhe could helpe her not onely to the golde 
 knowne to be loft, but a great deale more faid to be hid 
 in the houfe : fhee demaunded fuch a requeft as hath 
 beene fpoken of, for by the helpe therof fhe muft effedl 
 the coniuration, otherwife fhee was not able to pro- 
 ceed any further : but by the faith of an olde woman, 
 I thinke no fuch conference paft betweene them, at 
 leaft I am fure my miftreffe fweares the contrarie, 
 and I tell yee I will not diftruft her wordes for more 
 then fhe is worth. 
 
 Come miftreffe (faith Doll) I knowe one kift 
 yee on Chriftmaffe Eue laft paft, when your hat fell 
 into the Sowfe tub, I know yee gaue a good fellow 
 a King, with feauen Diamonds in it, and the King 
 I likewife know ye haue this day receiued againe : fo 
 albeit I am able to fay who the man is you do moft af- 
 fedlion, and can tell therein perhaps more then you 
 imagine : ydz muft you your felfe reueale his name to 
 me, how he kift yee at the beds fide, vntide your hofe- 
 garter, and elected ye for his owne with the beft tefti- 
 mony of good will. 
 
 She faith, that my miftreffe refolude her in all thefe, 
 which if fhe did, (as I will neuer imagine her fo fimple, 
 or that at any time fhe would make fo flender reckoning 
 of her reputation :) I muft needes blame her folly and 
 great indifcretion, which doubles the penaltie of the 
 offence fo carelefly committed. 
 
 Thus much I will confeffe good women, that my 
 miftreffe had good ftore of futers, among whom were 
 dinars of good credit & efteeme, whofe purfes launcht 
 
 out 
 
 IS7 
 
out liberally, and nothing was reputed too deere or 
 daintie for the widdowe : but that I faw ill demeanour 
 offered in any one of them, or any fuch wanton humor 
 in my miftreffe, I neither can or will fay for all the 
 worlds good. 
 
 Many have beene falfely chargde with matters, as 
 now perhaps my miftreffe is at this time : but I leaue 
 all to him to cenfure, that knowes beft whether thefe 
 reports are true or no, and fo take this as the vttermoft 
 of my knowledge. 
 
 The reft being examined, and able to fay little or 
 nothing to the articles, the women went alone by them 
 felues awhile, and finding euery thing fo apparant, 
 that they were not long to be ftood vppon : they retur- 
 ned that the Tripe wife was never trimde, yet to pre- 
 uent the worft which afterwards might enfue, and as 
 women that would not endaunger their credits, they 
 wrote downe vpon their bill Ignoramus, whereuppon, 
 the fentenee was deliuered in this manner. 
 
 Firft, becaufe the Tripe wife had fallen into this 
 wonderfuU ouerfight, and thereby had run into fo ma- 
 ny harde opinions : all her other futers (afhamed of 
 their former foolifh affeftion, to fancie fuch an incon- 
 ftant woman, of fo durtie a trade, and in fo ftinking a 
 place) vtterly giuing her ouer : ftie fhould thence be fent 
 to London bridge, and there be maried to him, that 
 had more then a moneths minde to Tripes and Tril- 
 Jibubs. 
 
 Lord how glad was I, when I heard the game 
 .go on your fide, when I remembred what a tall ferui- 
 tor you had beene all her wooing time for her : your 
 hard fortune at M. Graces, where you had fo flender 
 £ntertainment, how you walkt in your Jerkin and 
 
 tawnie 
 
 158 
 
tawney veluet hofe, to view M. Hubbards hoppes, 
 when by that meanes you got a bidding to dinner, yea 
 euen the befl place at the boord, namely, to fit iuft before 
 your louing miftreffe, where all amorous difcourfe 
 was faine to paffe betvi^eene ye in the Cup, for further 
 libertie ye were not admitted. But aboue all, I com- 
 mend your fhorte and fweete enftru6lion giuen her at 
 the window, pinching her by the finger, and bidding 
 her looke to her felfe, for fhe was in danger to be ftolne 
 away, and all your market marde. And in faith the 
 merrie night at Epping was worth gramercie, when 
 the Gentleman your riuall fupt in your company, and 
 had a prieft ready, if neede fhould fo require. Beleeue 
 me neighbour, you had great reafon then to be af- 
 fraide : yet more then Hercules-Vike, you valiantly 
 held out, in defpight of Philajlorgogh, the bottle of 
 Sack, and all Richards words, which renownes ye to 
 pofteritie, for an vnconquerable wooer, and verefies on 
 your behalfe that ancient vetfe, 
 
 He loou'd Tripes as his life, 
 Therefore lie hath the Tripe zvife. 
 
 Oh that I were acquainted with fome excellent wit, 
 who in liueliefl colours could decipher downe your 
 heroycall fortunes. 
 
 My flile is all ^[o] blunt and bad. 
 To write offuch an a£liue lad, 
 That brought the wooers all to baye, 
 And caried the Tripe wife quite away. 
 
 C Thus 
 
 159 
 
lO 
 
 Thus haue I fent ye all the proceedings of the lu- 
 rie, and therewith (according to your requeft) my opi- 
 nion of that bleffed night, when you made fuch paffage 
 to the purpofe, as the next morning you had the fruition 
 of all your labours, I meane the Garland of your bri- 
 ding day, to the difgrace of al the other futers, and your 
 owne eternall commendation for euer. But firft I pray 
 ye read this Dittie, which was deuifed by a dere friend 
 of yours, Mafter leffray Rexon, in defence of your 
 wife fo much wrongd, and in applauding of your rare 
 conqueft, the like being neuer heard of fince the great 
 Conqueft. 
 
 A ligge for the Ballad-mongers to fing frejh and 
 fajling, next their hearts eiterie morning, injled 
 of a new hiintf-vp, to giue a good morrow to the 
 Tripe-wife. 
 
 Neighbour Tripeivife, 
 my heart is full of woe ; 
 That coufning Doll tJie lugler, 
 fliould iujnble with you fo. 
 
 o 
 
 / that am your poore neighbour, 
 had rather fpent a crowne : 
 
 Then haue ye thus defamed 
 by boyes about tlie towne. 
 
 A broad in euerie cm-ner, 
 the Ballads doo report : 
 
 That you were trimd vnwomanly, 
 and in mofl fhameful fort : 
 
 By flanding on a Triuet. 
 
 i6o 
 
 to 
 
II 
 
 to heare what /fie ccndd fay : 
 She lopt ye o/[/] a louers locke, 
 and caried it away. 
 
 Alas were you fo Jimple, 
 
 to fuffer fuck a thing: 
 Your ozvne maids fit and mockeye, 
 
 and euerie where doth ring, 
 The trimming of the Tripe wife : 
 
 it makes me in a rage, 
 A7zd doubt leafi that the players 
 
 willfing it on the Stage. 
 
 T am forrie for your hufband, 
 
 alacke good honefl man ; 
 He ivalkes about, yet mends not, 
 
 but looketh pale and wan : 
 That where before he vaunted, 
 
 the conqueft he hath got : 
 He fits now in a mammering, 
 
 as one that mindes it not. 
 
 A number doo imagine, 
 
 that he repents his marriage. 
 And gladly to thefhambles, 
 
 would fend ye with your carriage ; 
 For all the carts of houfiiold fluff e, 
 
 that came to London bridge, 
 Nere pleafd himfo, as this one greefe 
 
 doth rub him on the ridge. 
 
 C2 If 
 
12 
 
 If gold bring fuch a hart-hreake, 
 
 He none I tkankeye I : 
 Tis Piante it Jhould be fpoken, 
 
 and if it be a lie. 
 But would he be aduifde by me, 
 
 if it be true or no : 
 I would turne her to her Tripes againe, 
 
 and let all matters go. 
 
 Finis. I. K. 
 
 Now all good Ladds, to whofe reading this pre- 
 fent Jigge Ihall come, I would not haue ye miftake my 
 meaning in the Song, that ye fhould goe about the 
 ftreetes fmging it, or chaunt it at her doore, ere fhe be 
 vp in a morning. No, God forbid, that would but breed 
 domefticall difquietneffe, and if man and wife fhould 
 happen to fall out about it, I (not knowing how neere 
 the Tripe tub ftands) might bring him in more dan- 
 ger of Gun-fhot then I am aware of. Therefore I 
 pray ye conceit it after my owne entending, that is, a 
 SorrowfuU Sonnet for euery friend of his to medi- 
 tate on, leaft their fortunes fhould proue fo monftrous 
 as his, and they run into perill of hanging themfelues, 
 vpon fo extraordinarie a conclufion. 
 
 Heere followeth the rare atchieuement of the widdowe, 
 from her houfe behinde the fhambles, how fhe was 
 conueyed thence to London Bridge, and made a 
 Bride vpon a very fhort warning. 
 
 Yea marie Sir, now ye come to the matter I long 
 
 to 
 
 \fM 
 
13 
 
 to heare of, by reafon of the diuers reports bruted a- 
 broad thereof, and whether it were fo heroycally acted, 
 as fome haue heard it from his owne lippes. Was it 
 poflible, that flie (hauing fuch honeft well willers and 
 frends, at home at her houfe at dinner) could chufe no 
 other time to flip away, but euen at fuch a time, there- 
 by to difcredite her felfe ? Was her coloured excufe to 
 buy a hat and an apron, and falls it now out fo, that fhe 
 bought a hufband ? O world full of falfhood, O women 
 moft deceiptfull, when ye are leaft fufpected. But went 
 fhe then directly to the Bridge or no ? No, fhe went not 
 then thether, but one of her Sifters, counterfetting a 
 fudden fickneffe, the other (beeing the fatter of the 
 twaine) was made the inftrument of fetching her to an 
 intended Banquet : where wine walking luftely about, 
 and manie merrie matters familiarly difputed on, it 
 was fet downe for an irreuocable determination, that 
 no remedie, the Tripe-wife mufl dine next daye at her 
 louers houfe. But it is wonderfuU to fpeake on, with 
 what zeale fhe paced thither, her apron in her hand all 
 the way, which fhe had not fo much leafure as to put on, 
 but looked ftill behinde her, leaft fhe fhould be caught 
 vp for waight and fafhion. He, as anie kinde heart in 
 like cafe would doo, doubting her comming, becaufe 
 fhe had fo often diffembled with others, trudges to her 
 houfe : but happie did hee efteeme that loft labor, when 
 at his returne backe againe he found her where he wold 
 haue her. 
 
 Now the Sifters lay on load for him, becaufe hee 
 had promifed them large requitall : and how the tyme 
 was wafted in conference, I know not, but wel I wot, 
 home he would not let her goe that night, for now hee 
 
 C 3 had 
 
 i"3 
 
14 
 
 had her at fuch an aduantage, as he neuer expefled the 
 like, if he fliould now let her fcape. 
 
 But in good fadnes, they are much to blame, that 
 fay they whitled her with wine, and fo (after fome o- 
 ther ceremonies theretoo belonging) drew a promife 
 of marriage from her. It is verie vnlike it fhould bee 
 fo, becaufe that night before fhe went to bed, fhe prote- 
 fted {he would none of him. Oh, but the old dog helde 
 fure : and though the man himfelfe were fomewhat ti- 
 merous, yet by good inftruftions he began to chere vp 
 his fpirites. 
 
 Now you that be louers, tell mee whether it were a 
 hot figne of loue or no, when the Widdowe (fitting a- 
 fleepe by the fire) hee valiantly (comming behinde her) 
 pulled her floole from her, when dov/ne fell fhe, and he 
 by or vpon her, with that learned and wittie aduerbe in 
 his mouth, Keepe the widdow waking. Well, I know 
 not whether thefe words are able to enchaunt or no, or 
 what ftrength or vigor the manly a6ling of them hath : 
 but either thorough them, or her late fitting vp that 
 night, fhe tooke fuch a furfet, that needcs fhee muft to 
 bed. And yet me thinkes that labour might full well 
 haue been fpared, becaufe fhe had fo little while to refl; 
 her felfe : and rifing againe fo early, it might bring 
 manie a qualme ouer a wifer womans ftomacke than 
 hers. 
 
 But would you imagine, a woman of her tender 
 yeres, little aboue three fcore at the vttermoft, not dare- 
 ing to aduenture on the water in the broad daye light, 
 could fo fuddenly conceiue fuch a hardie peece of cou- 
 rage, as fo ouer-timely in a morning, to paffe through 
 his cellar, and fo enter a boate lying readie for her, to 
 
 fayle 
 
 164 
 
IS 
 
 fayle fo farre as Pepper Alley, and thence to S. Geor- 
 ges Church : where becaufe the Church-man was not 
 readie, fhe muft needes paffe a large circuite. But I 
 can tell ye wherefore that was : marrle to ftop theyr 
 mouthes, that faid fhe durft not be married by daylight, 
 therefore fhe defpifed two a clocke in the morning : A 
 figge for them that dare not be married at ten a clock in 
 the forenoone, and afterward home to dinner of her 
 owne prouifion, brought thether the day before. Here 
 was a cunning bob for the reft. Call ye him a foole or 
 a fimple fellow, that had the wit to compaffe fuch an ex- 
 ployt': well mafters, fit you at the vpper end of the 
 table, kiffe and fmowtch the Widdow neuer fo much : 
 there is one fits nethermoft, hee hath an eye to his bufi- 
 nes, and whatfoeuer you but barely hope for, hee is the 
 man I tell ye, muft carrie the wench away. 
 
 Oh, but well fare the frend that made fuch haft for 
 the licenfe : few wooers are beholding to fuch a deere 
 Damon. And not at that time onely did he ftand him in 
 fome fled, but in the countrie Hkewife he flucke clofely 
 to him. If he reward him not well for his paynes, he 
 is verie much too blame : for both his countenance and 
 credite were no meane helpes to him. Hold him then 
 the beft ftring to your bow (Neighbour) in getting the 
 Tripe-wife. 
 
 Thus haue I been as good as my word vnto you, 
 my verie kinde and honeft Neighbour, in fending you 
 this briefe collection of your aduentures : nor knowe 
 I how to extoll fufificientlye your great deferuings, 
 though iniquitie of time fomewhat obfcure your valor, 
 reproachfully throwing this bone for you to gnawe on, 
 
 that 
 
 165 
 
i6 
 
 that had your labour been beftowed in better fort, than 
 for a balket of Tripes and Chitterlings : fome one or 
 other would haue fpoken to our Antiquarie, to haue 
 written four lines at the leaft in praife of your paffing 
 proceeding. But feeing it is no better, 
 
 Giue loofers leaue to prate their fill, 
 The Tripes are thine both good and ill. 
 What others fay, take thou no care. 
 Puddings and Tripes are chapmens ware. 
 
 i66 
 
17 
 
 Certaine reports fpread abroad of the Tripe-wife 
 and her late married husband, whereby if they 
 be flaundered or no, let themfelues be their own 
 fudges. 
 
 FIrft for the Tripe-wife, that all the time of her 
 widdowhood, her lips were fo common in kiffinge- 
 [ejuerie one, and her hands fo readie in receiuing all gifts 
 whatfoeuer, tearming each futer hufband, and making 
 fo little difference in outward kindnes, that either fhe i- 
 magined fhe might haue manie hufbands, or diffemb- 
 lingly thought to vfe all alike. A fault, wherein if fhee 
 were guiltie, as it is credibly reported, doubtles it de- 
 ferueth generall reproofe, and no milde cenfure of her 
 verie deereft frends. 
 
 That likewife fhe was verie wantonly giuen, often 
 defiring, like them long kept fafting, the louing morfell 
 of a man. And to fhowe her folly the more in this one 
 poynt, I haue heard, that with her own hand fhe made 
 a priuie fearch in a Gentlemans round hofe, whether he 
 ware them with a rowle, after the befl fafhion : or that 
 they were voyd of all good fhape and making. 
 
 That one of her Sifters, knowing her by nature to 
 bee thus affefted, willed him that hath married her, to 
 fhew her whether he were a man able for the field or no, 
 and what good weapon hee carried about him : other- 
 wife, there was no fmall hope of pleafing her, and leffe to 
 
 D be 
 
 167 
 
i8 
 
 be expected of his fucceffe. 
 
 Now whether he followed her good counfell or no, 
 I am not able to fay : but hence (as it is reported; grew 
 Dols vnhappie ayming at her throwing vpon the bed : 
 Which if hee did alone, and no bodie elfe, it was the 
 more valoroufly performed : but if he had any pertakers, 
 it was the greater wrong to come fo many againft one 
 bodie; for one to one is alwayes counted faire playe, 
 manly and reafonable, but to oppreffe by multitudes, is 
 euer reckoned an apparant figne of cowardife. 
 
 That fhee fhould fweare the night before (hee was 
 wedded, that fhe would neuer marrie with the Grocer 
 he was fuch a logger-head : but if the former condition 
 of the obligation flood in full force and vertue, then I 
 imagine he had befb right to her, except fome hungrie 
 fellow defired to follow, and fup vp his leauings. 
 
 And here (by the way) the generall rumour is to be 
 examined : namely, that the night the ftoole was puld 
 from her, fhe had abufe offered her two feuerall waies : 
 firfl to be vanquifhed by wine, a fhrewd depriuer of the 
 fenfes : then daftardlike to be throwne backward, and 
 more laid on her, then fhe was able to beare. If thys 
 be the way to get a wife, well may it be tearmed drun- 
 kenly done ; but neuer to be reputed heroycall, like his o- 
 ther actiue agilities : marrie when no better way is 
 left to fpeed, wel-fare the wine that won the widdow. 
 
 It is faid alfo, that he promifed my brother William 
 the prefent releafe of foure fcore pound land by the yere 
 (which he was not to enioy till the widdowes death) if 
 he would (as he did) labour for his fucceffe. And now 
 that he hath fped, hee not onely in this breakes promife 
 with him, but in a matter of two houfes befide, fternd- 
 
 ing 
 
 t68 
 
19 
 
 ing behinde the fhambles, the leafes whereof were by 
 his deceafed brother made in his name, and conditioned 
 that he fliould enter on them after his death : but byr la- 
 die, my new married brother in law now fayes no: fo 
 William is like to tarrie yet both for the land and hou- 
 fes. But bee of good cheere Brother, you are not the 
 firft that hath trauild for an vnkinde requiter, nor fhal 
 be the laft muft lofe by him. 
 
 Both the Sifters (I heare) likewife are together 
 by the eares, becaufe the ones rewarde exceedes the o- 
 thers, and there is fuch alledging, which of them hath 
 beft deferued on his behalfe : that while they ftand con- 
 tending, and counting how much they fhall haue for 
 their paines, he turnes them off with a fiilop of the fin- 
 ger, and flatly faith, now he hath what he would haue, 
 let them goe feeke what they fhould haue. Sifters, I 
 would haue William and you put your gaines together 
 into a bottomleffe bag : and if at the yeeres end it en- 
 creafe not, yet ye fhall be fure it will not be leffe than it 
 is. Marry, (if ye can) turne your endeuors another 
 time to better aduantage : elfe you will bee thought vn- 
 wife, & he that fo thriues by your labor more fortunate. 
 
 Fie vpon ingratitude, cries poore Richard, hee will 
 fell all his gettings for a pore pepper corne : yet he faies 
 if promife had been kept, fiftie pounds in ejfe at the 
 leaft fhould haue fallen to his fhare, befide the full and 
 abfolute power of his Sifters trade put ouer to him 
 onely : where now, he is not onely deceiued of the one, 
 but difappoynted of the other : and his vnkinde Sifter 
 the Tripe-wife, that I thinke will foUowe fowce fel- 
 ling euen in her graue, abbridges him of that paltrie 
 prerogatiue, and flatly executes the office ftill her felfe. 
 
 D 2 What 
 
 109 
 
20 
 
 What a lamentable Dittie is here in foure parts, of 
 Nihil habemus, which doth not fo much difturb the fin- 
 gers, as it urgeth difpleafure in the hearers. Good 
 people, beware of wooers promifes, they are like the 
 mufique of a Taber and Pipe : the Pipe fings golde, 
 gifts, and manie gay things, but perfourmance morali- 
 zed in the Taber, ftiU beares the burden of I doubt it, 
 I doubt it : which in my conceipt is a verie pitifuU hea- 
 ring. 
 
 Moreouer I vnderftand, that verie fimply himfelfe 
 makes report, how weake his ftate flood, before he got 
 the widdow, and that if flie had not come when fhee did, 
 his inkhorn had been drye, and he not able to write one 
 letter more. 
 
 What folly is this in anie man, to difclofe his own 
 Secretes': If it had been fo, for fhame I would neuer 
 haue reueald it my felfe. But hence I perceiue growes 
 the houfhold difquietnes, as is faid, betweene him and 
 her, becaufe fhe findes not what flie expected, and there- 
 fore wifheth her felfe ouer head and eares in the fowce 
 tub. 
 
 O what a mournfull mornings worke was that be- 
 tweene my fat Sifter and her, when fhe raild in Lom- 
 bard-flreete, for exchanging fo much of her golde, and 
 wifht fhe were behinde the Shambles againe as well 
 as euer fhe was : for the roaring of the Thames, (or 
 rather ranfacking of her bagges) fo difquiets her night- 
 ly reft, that her other home was heauen in refpect of 
 London-bridge. 
 
 Befide, it is no manly part in him to make vaunt, 
 how oft hee trickt the Tripe-wife before he had her. 
 Fie, fie, I am content to winke at fmall faults, but (if 
 
 ye 
 
 170 
 
21 
 
 ye fliould be fuch a one) this were intollerable. He bee 
 fworne, I made anfwere on your behalfe, where I had 
 a round checke for my labour, I faid, I durft haue layd 
 my Hfe yee would not vtter fuch a woorde for all the 
 world. Peace foole quoth the aunfwerer, the man is 
 wife enough. 
 
 Then I heare how you goe bragging about, brea- 
 thing forth horrible thundring threates, becaufe cer- 
 taine bookes and ballads are printed of the Tripe-wife : 
 ye faid ye had the tricke to out-face all the wooers, and 
 fo yee would ouer-dare all the Printers : yee beknaue 
 your betters, calling them at your owne pleafure, and 
 then turn your tung to your taile when you haue done. 
 What man > it will not fnowe alwaies, neither can 
 you or the beft tenaunt yee haue, beare downe Paules 
 Church-yard. Rather win them with kindnes, for ex- 
 tremitie auayles not, they know yee for a man and no 
 more, and will care for ye as a man and no more. 
 
 I know a verie good frend of yours, who would bee 
 heartely forrie if thefe reports fhould be true, & means 
 to talke with ye on them when hee next meetes ye : for 
 my part, I am fure ye euer found me firme, and fo vp- 
 right vnto ye in wading thorough the caufe, that as I 
 would excufe nothing, fo would I neuer iuftifie anie 
 thing. 
 
 Ye mufl regard the world as it is, naturally giuen 
 to finde fault where anie caufe is giuen, bee it neuer fo 
 little. And though all the ftirre about the Tripe-wife 
 be not worth the leaft peece of a Tripe : yet it fufficeth 
 that yee haue wonne the fpurres, from them all, and 
 therefore let me adde thefe, as appendices vnto your 
 Armes. 
 
 D3 A 
 
 171 
 
22 
 
 A Chitterling rampant in a field fowfant, two hag- 
 gas puddings for the fupporters, a Neates foote clean- 
 ly wafht fixed on your creaft, and a faire fcrapde Tripe 
 to couer all, for the mantle. 
 
 So with my hartie commendations to your good 
 bed fellowe and your felfe, with all the reft of my ap- 
 prooued frends, I bid yee heartely farewell, this 2. 
 of April]. 1595. 
 
 By him that his more yours 
 than his owue, 
 
 Oliuer Oat-meale. 
 FIN 
 
 Hold Oliuer and thou be a good fellow, and let me 
 in two or three words clap vp a conclufion, before thou 
 fully end thy Finis. 
 
 In the Sowfe-wiues time of retailing, thou wert 
 not verie familiar, but fmce Tripes haue been ingrofd 
 it feemes thou haft been her fweete harts Secretarie. 
 Shall I be plaine with thee ' : I miflike the partialitie 
 of thy Jurie, commend thy plainnes touching the re- 
 ports, and giue thee this priueledge, that neither hee nor 
 fhe ftiall euer hereafter truft thee, and therefore if thou 
 haue anie more matter of truth, turne it to me, and I 
 can fend it to mad Daine, that meanes to thunder out 
 terrible matter againft Nichol neates foote, and Huff 
 fnuife his neighbor. Farewell till within this fortnight 
 by which time we fhall either be all frends, or make our 
 fude endleffe. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 172 
 
NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Title-page, Polimanteia = a book of many oracles (I suppose) from ' manieitim,' 
 or Greek ixavTilov. 
 
 EpUtle-dedicatoiy to Robert, earl of Essex ... See Introduction on this illus- 
 trious as unfortunate historic name. 
 
 Page 3, 1. 4, 'truly,'' — the comma after 'truly,' and between it and 'honour- 
 able,' is a frequent and somewhat annoying punctuation in the 
 book and contemporaneously ; 1. 7, '2«ff«/c>zwr)''= ingenuously. 
 ,, 4, 1. I, 'ima/if-<:ffH/'<r«/c(/'= mal-contented, or discontented and evil ; 1. l6, 
 ' difpojV^^ disposal. 
 
 The Preface to the Header, p. 5, 1. 5, note the odd combination ' conceited-wise- 
 foolish ' = conceived to be ' wise ' or by themselves assumed to 
 be 'wise 'yet actually 'foolish'; 1. 13, 'fweet Salujl' — an in- 
 felicitous adjective for the stern and terrible historian ; 1. 15, 
 'fainefull ' = painstaking ; 1. 30, ' degenerous ' = degenerate ; 
 1. 34, 'My L, Hetiry I{owai-d'= Sune.y. The treatise does 
 not appear to be known now. See also p. 19 at top. 
 
 Page 6, 1. 4 from end, ' Baldttcium' = 'psiiry affected writer. Nares s.v. 
 a^uotes this passage. Latin verses. See Introduction for trans- 
 lation. 
 >. 9. 1- 9. ' artificially^ = artfully, or with art or skill. 
 ,, 10, I. 2, •^/«'= imitator. 
 ,, II, 1. 1 8, ' OTflKff'j '= morals. 
 
 ,, 18, 1. 6, 'nimble.'' This word has previously occurred on p. 13, 1. i, 
 ' nimble subtiltie. ' 
 
 England to her Three Daughters. 
 
 If "W. C. was William Gierke (see Introduction) it is easy to understand how 
 as himself a Cambridge man he places her first as eldest 
 daughter j last line, ' naked trueth ' — a phrase that about a 
 century later became historically famous in the controversies 
 conducted by Marvell and Bishop Croft, &c., &c. ; 11. 5-1 at 
 bottom — the Englishman's pride in ' this England ' imparts 
 eloquence and power to this and parallel passages. 
 
 Page 25, 1. I, ' Sigeberttis' ... all mythical ; last line, 'was' = wast, and so 
 p. 26, 1. 9. 
 
 )i 30j '• 9 (fro™ bottom), '/i»2'^^-^^ ' = pedigree ; last line, ' Padway' = 
 Padua. 
 
 )> 3'j '■ 3i ' Uue-making' — a play on the word 'live' and 'Livie'=the 
 immortalizer of Rome ; 1. 14, ' Champion ' — another play on 
 the name of the R. C. Campion — always to be distinguished 
 from his namesake, Dr. Thomas Campion, Poet and Musician ; 
 1. 18, ' Louvan '= Lou vain ; ib., ' Staplelon ' (nay mine . . . . ) 
 = England, i,e,, the famous pervert was an Englishman : the 
 
1 74 Notes and Illustrations. 
 
 margin-names need no annotation ; for if Whitaker's once 
 prodigious renown has long since ebbed away, except tradition- 
 ally, Fulke's great book is still quick, and so with those below. 
 Page 32, margin at top. It is significant of W. C.'s position that he classes 
 'Puritans' with 'Atheists,^ and oddly enough with 'Folitickes,' 
 with the astonishing addendum 'Law must cut these off. ' How 
 things do repeat themselves 1 One of our Bishops not so long 
 ago clubbed ' Public Houses ' and ' Nonconformist Chapels ' 
 together as alike (pestilent) obstacles to the progress of tke 
 Church (i.e., his bit of the Church); 1. 17, ' mate'= match, or 
 play with (as in chess); 1. 4 (from bottom), 'an Vniuerfitie and 
 a iowne could not well agree' = the old antagonism of town and 
 gown 1 But it is curious to find Cambridge and Oxford spoken 
 of as ' Vniuersities ' and not ' towns. ' 
 
 , , 33, 11. 5-6, ' Elephants . . . vnruly . , . at the Jhew of the Mulberie ' — 
 a strange myth. 
 
 » 34) !• 7 (from bottom), ' diuine Sydnay'= Sir Philip Sydney. So p. 35, 
 L 17, and side note ; 1. 6 (from bottom), ' Ckryjlallin Spen/er' 
 = "the poet of poets," then (159S) still living; 1. 5 (from bot- 
 tom), ' £/;'0a.f '= Elizabeth's. See margin note. So Henry 
 Chettle in his Mourning Garment called on Shakespeare and 
 all the poets to celebrate the great queen. Spenser has immor- 
 talized her in the Fairy Queen. 
 
 „ 35, 1. 4, ' Ferdinandos' . . . see margin. This "late worthie Earle" 
 (pater) was commemorated by the brilliant Falkland. See his 
 Poems in Fuller Worthies' Miscellanies. So too Henry Lok 
 (ibid.) and others contemporaiy ; at bottom ' Hatton.' See 
 margin-note and Epistles-dedicatory in our Introduction. 
 
 ,, 36, 1. II, '»«/' = motto or watchword ; 1. IJ, ' bald ballader' — one of a 
 thousand contemporary girds at the 'ballad-makers,' whose 
 popularity with the ' commonalty ' eclipsed the fame and 
 lessened the pecuniary gains of the more dignified poets. Even 
 • gentle Willy ' has his flouts against them. 
 
 1. 37j '■ 4; ' intollerable flatterie of Jirangers wits' = translations from Italian 
 and French; 11. 8-17 and onward, Essex. See Epistle-dedica- 
 tory and our Introduction. 
 
 ,, 38, 1. 4 (margin-note), ' Sweet Mq/ler Campion' = Dr. Thomas Campion; 
 1. 8 and margin-note, ' Oxford thou haft .... Britton '— 
 Nicholas Breton, who was of Oriel College. See his Works, 
 for first time collected, in Chertsey Worthies' Library, 2 vols., 
 4to; '/Vr«i?'= William Percy — wtiose 'Sonnets' form part 
 of these Occasional Issues ; ' Willobie ' — whose Avisa is also 
 in this Series ; ' Fraunce'— Abraham Fraunce — on whom see 
 our Introduction to Poems by him in Fuller Worthies' Miscel- 
 lanies ; ' Lodge '= Dr. Thomas Lodge ; ' Mafier Dauis of L. I. 
 = Sir John Davies — see my collection of his complete Works 
 
Notes and Illustrations. 175 
 
 in Verse and Prose (3 vols.) in Fuller Worthies' Library, and 
 his Poems (3 vols, in Chatto and Windus's Early English 
 Poets); 'i?roy&»'= Michael Drayton; ' Learned M. Plat' = 
 Sir Hugh Piatt, z.M'CtiQx oi Flowers of Philosophii . . . (1572), 
 Jewell House of Art and Nature .... (1594), &c., &c.; 1. S 
 (from bottom), ■a//i'a^(r'= appearance; 1. 4 (from bottom), 
 onward and margin-note, ' Th. Kidd'= Cornelia [of Robert 
 Gamier] translated by Thomas Kyd, 1594. 
 Page 39, 1. I, 'Paradife of daintie deuifes'= "devised and vnritten for the most 
 
 part by M. Edwardes ^S7^t" onward in numerous 
 
 editions and so falsifying the text ; 1. 3, ' Zepheria '= Zipheria 
 — Ogni de viene la sera. 1594; ibid., ' Cephalus and Procris' 
 I have seen an early poem so entitled, but cannot recall the 
 author ; ibid, (margin-note), 'greedy Printers ' — Printers were 
 then as often the Publishers; 1. 8 (margin-note), ' Poetrie be 
 tearmed Ryme' — an odd complaint; 1. 13 and onward, 'two 
 childre freds' = Gabriel Harvey and Thomas Nashe — extremely 
 noticeable is this appeal to the two furious antagonists. I shall 
 fully quote it in my editions of their Works in the Huth 
 Library. 
 
 ,, 40, I. 6, '/^«j/&r/)/ '= left-handedly. 
 
 J I 42j L Si ' Bomonia' — qu. misprint for 'Bologna'? 
 
 „ 44, 11. 8-9, and margin note, 'your truelie eternizing Elizas fiile, M. Ala- 
 blajier, Spenfer and others ' — Dr. Alabaster's ' Elisseis ' (among 
 the Bright MSS. ), though ' lauded ' by Spenser, never has 
 been printed. Thomas Newton and others 'sang of her; 
 1. 10, 'Poiifard' ^'Ronsard; 1. 13, ' Bartaffe' '= ia Bartas; 
 1. 14, note the ' praife worthie ' in relation to the same applied 
 to Shakespeare in margin-note ; 11. 17-18, Spenser again lauded 
 noticeably; 1. 5 (from bottom) onward, ' VanielP = SuvaaA 
 Daniel; margin-note, 'Sweet Shakfpeare,' and margin-note, 
 p. 45. See our Introduction. As noted on 1. 14, 'praise 
 worthy ' in text shews that ' praise worthy ' of margin-note was 
 not meant to have full stop or any punctuation, but to be 
 applied to 'Lucrecia,' or ' The Rape of Lucrece ' ; 'Eloquent 
 Gauejion '= the legal writer ? If so — a singular interpolation 
 between first and second part of the note ; ' Watfons heyre '= 
 Thomas Watson. See Introduction (as before) ; ' that diuine 
 Lady '= " Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother " ; ' Sir Dauid 
 Lynfay' — A Scottish poet, whose Works Dr. David Laing 
 collected and edited admirably (3 vols, 1879); ' Matilda' = 
 another of Daniel's poems — for others see text (p. 45) ; 'Diana ' 
 = of Henry Constable; margin-note at bottom, 'Prucul'= 
 procul; 1. 4 (from bottom), 'GVo/^/-j'=grocers — who buying (so- 
 called) ' waste paper ' then and since often made havoc of books. 
 
 ,, 46, 1. 3, 'period'= make a period or end. 
 
1 76 Notes and Illustrations. 
 
 England to al her Inhabitants. 
 Page 48, I. 9, '/^// rathe '= full savage ? 
 ,, 49, 1. 6, 'table' — context suggests panel portrait; 1. 6 (from bottom), 
 
 'Jometimes '= sometime. 
 „ 51 (marginal note) ' if the Spaniard hiow it' — what a contrast between 
 
 the pride of power and power of pride of Spain then and now ! 
 .. S3. I- 13. '/w/^'— lose. 
 » S7> !• 13 onward, 'Elizabeth' — one of many proofs of the 'spell' the 
 
 ' great queen ' had upon her foremost subjects. 
 ,, 58, last line, ' renoio/n:d' = tsciofiasd — the conteinporary and later 
 
 spelling. 
 ,, 61, 1. 2 (from bottom), ' fondly' = foolishly. 
 ,, 62, 1. 9 ' tennifing' — verb formed from game of tennis. 
 „ 62, 1, 3 (from bottom), — the text and context, before and after, give a 
 
 vivid picture of the then troubled and disturbed state of England. 
 ,, 63, 1. 16, — ^ punctuate comma (,) after 'trees,' and semi-colon (;) after 
 
 'heat' 
 ,, 64,1. 14, '/«j'/4«'jj-'= lungs — now and long a vulgarism. 
 ,, 65, 1. 9, 'the Turke' — see note on Spain on p. 51, margin note. 
 ,, 66, 1. 5, '_/OTfl///ir'= ver)' small. 
 „ 69, (and margin-note) — early occurrence of a proverbial saying ; 1. 13, 
 
 'broached' — set open. 
 ,, 71, 1. 12, ' thdr Nauie 1588 '= the Spanish Armada ; 1. 4 (from bottom), 
 
 ' France ' — as before with England, this and context sets forth 
 
 the then weakness of France. 
 I) Tit (ist margin-note) = the famous or infamous conspirators. 
 „ 74, 1. 4 (from bottom), ' poore America.' What a contrast now 1 
 ;> 7S> 1- 3 (from bottom), ' mafking weedes '= mask or masque dresses. 
 ,, 83, 1. 15, 'y?//;i;'= innocent. 
 „ 84, 'thejiarre 1572 ' onward — portents that Richard Harvey so terrified 
 
 the nation with. 
 Religions Speech to Englands Children. 
 Page 85, 'iveekely'^ on Sundays ; or qu. = weakly ? 
 89, 1. II, 'n/j5a?-a»/'= evident. 
 92, (margin-note), ' The levies ' — a people without a land, and a land 
 
 without a people. 
 95, (4th margin-note) — again 'fweete ' applied to Tasso as to other and 
 
 very different names. 
 97, (bottom margin note) — all historically renowned names, all great 
 
 Englishmen. 
 lOl, 1. 10. 'fuffered for religion,' — this historical fact of political treason 
 
 not religion on the part of the R. C. who 'plotted' against 
 
 Elizabeth cannot be too often accentuated. See p. 102, on 
 
 Elizabeth's clemency. 
 109, 1. II 'thi lewde faction of irreligious Brownifls,' and margin-note. 
 
 In the clearer light of to-day and a more judicial historic sense. 
 
Notes and Illustrations. 1 77 
 
 the ' Brownists ' are now appreciated — after every deduction 
 — as saintly men and women who yearned after that Gospel 
 which 'the Church' (so-called) denied then or knew not. Cf. 
 Hopkins' Puritans and Dr. Dexter's great recent work, on 
 Barrmv and Ms compeers. 
 Page III, (top margin-note) — an early recognition of 'judicious Hooker' ; 1. 
 10, ' paultered'' = pilfered or qu. = peltered, bought and sold or 
 trafficked ? 
 
 Loyalties Speech to England's Children. 
 Page n6 — these denunciations of Puritanism sound grotesque to-day in the 
 knowledge of what the Puritans and Noncomformists have been 
 and done for England. 
 
 II. A Quest of Enquirie, &c.= Inquest. 
 Page 145, 1. 7, 'a caji'= help or aid? but see Nares, s.v. 
 
 ,, 146, 1. 16, ' at this time is pnjfejl of a wor/hipfull place'' — qu. Decker? 
 
 ,, 147, 1. 12, 'a waterman'' — qu. a. /^/^ at John Taylor the Waterman poet ? 
 1. 25, ' oueiihivart'= cxois. 
 
 ,, 148, 1. 5, '.S»z£'«-OTy%'=pickle (with salt) =Tripe or pigs feet seller; iliid. 
 'T^o//^ '= slender basket ; 1. 19, 'y!i^'rf'= fidgetted. 
 
 ,, 150 I. 8, ' chitterlings '=sra2l\eT\U3.i\s. 
 
 ,, 151 1.22, ' 7?-«io/'= three legged stool. 
 
 „ 152, 1. 18, 'by-blowe'=h3.si3.xA. 
 
 ,, 154, 1. 4 (from bottom), '/purrialles'=sfv.x royals or gold coin worth 
 about 15^. 
 
 >> IS5> '• S) ' inward' = iiitiraz.ie ; 1. 24, ' mary'= rasaiy. 
 
 ,, 157, 1. 19, ' affection '=\i\.e, fancy. 
 
 ,, 158, 1. 8, '«»/«r^'= judge ; 1. 7 (from bottom), ' Trillibubs' = z.nyX'h.vag 
 trifling — applied to 'tripe,' now, it is 'trolly bags.' 
 
 ,, 160, 1. 9, ' leffray Kexon' — one of the then 'ballad makers.' 
 
 „ 161, 1. l8, ' mammering ' == ra\iXle.xmz. 
 
 ,, 163, 1. 7 (from bottom), ' lojl labour'' — a current contemporary phrase 
 seized and immortalized by Shakespeare ; 1. 4 (from bottom), 
 'lay on load ' — heavily, as ' loady ' is = heavy ? 
 
 ,, 164, 1. 4, 'jy/4;V/ifflr'= whetted — pointing to the root-word of 'whittle'; 
 1. 16, ' aduerde' = proveib. 
 
 „ 165, 1, 10, '^i;/?'= bowl? 1. 13, '/inoulch'= samAge. 
 
 „ 168, 1. 19, 'vanguijhed by wine, a Jlirewd depriuer of the fenfes.' Cf. 
 Othello, ii, 3, 11. 284-8 : " O God I that men should put an 
 enemy in their mouths, to steal away their brains ! that we 
 should with joy, pleasure, revel, and applause, transform our- 
 selves into beasts." 
 
 ,, 169, 1. 3, ' byr ladie '= by our Lady = Mary. 
 
 ,, 171, 1. 9, ' certaine bookes and ballads ate printed of the Tripe-wife' — I 
 have not traced any of these even with the assistance of the 
 keenest nose of all living researchers for a ballad, my good 
 friend the Rev. J. W. Ebsworth of Molash. A. B. G. 
 
ELifABETHAN ENGLAND 
 
 GENTtE AND SIMPLE LIFE. 
 
 BEING 
 
 I. England's address to her Three Daughters, 
 
 the Universities,! of Cambridge ^nd Oxford, 
 and Lincoln's Inn : from Polimanteia, 1595. 
 
 II. A Quest of Enquirie by Wdmen to know 
 
 whether the Tripe-woman was trimmed, 
 1595- 
 
 ED^^B Wrra INTRODUCTION AND NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 REV.'IlEXANDBR B. GROSART, LL.D., F.S.A., 
 
 St. George's, Blackburn, Lancashire. 
 
 Completion of this volume will be delitfered in jiiik, and wiU includean 
 Introduction, shewing the literary and hiittmcal value of botmlhe 
 present works, and contai^ig fitll quotationst^om kindred contanpB:. 
 rary books,, and Notes and Jllu'S^Oons, as well as remainder of " /f : 
 Quest of Enquirie." 
 
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 'Omt 
 
 Sixty-two Copies, only. 
 
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ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND 
 
 IN 
 
 GENTLE AND SIMPLE LIFE. 
 
 BEING 
 
 L England's address to her Three Daughters, 
 
 the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, 
 
 . and Lincoln's Inn : from Polimanteia, 1595. 
 
 n. A Quest of Enquirie by Women to know 
 whether the Tfijpe-woman was trimmed, 
 
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 EpSTED, WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. ALEXANDER B. GROSART, LL.D., F.S.A., 
 
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