afortieU UttiBwaitg iCihtatg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924090883525 THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND, WHICH BEGAN NOVEMBEf. THE THIED, l6tO; WITH A SHORT AND NECESSARY VIEW OJf SOME PRECEDENT YEABS. V 1 HAWE read over the first part of this History, contained in three Books j an impartial Truth ; and ' j^^§^ it fit fior puhlilee vidw by the printing. Jq. Langley. "" May 7, 164?. lo.TE^, ^ MrM/U O w ^ tails , Sua 5.5. THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND, WHICH BEGAN NOVEMBER THE THIRD, M.DC.XL.; WITH A SHORT AND NECESSARY VIEW OF SOME PRECEDENT YEARS. WRITTEN BY THOMAS MAY, E&q. SECRETJRV FOR THE PARLIJMENT. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY. Tempora mutantur. Mutantur Homines, Veritas eadem manet. LONDON: IMPRINTED BY MOSES BELL, FOil GEORGE THOMASON, AT THE SIGNE OF THE HOSE AN* CROWN IN ST. PAUL'S CHUHCH-YARD, M.DC.XL.VIL AND NOW KEPBINTED Bit ROBEKT WILKSj 89, CHANCERY-LANE, AND SOLD BY WHITE, COCHRANE, AND CO. FLEET-STREET, LONDON. 1812. L A PREFACE TO THE PRESENT EDITION OF THIS HISTORY, JIHE. following History of the Parliament of England, which begijn.on the^ 3rd day of November, in the year 1 640, and which has since been usually distinguished by the name of the Long Parliament, was written by Thomas^ May, Esquire, a Gentleman of great Genius and Litterary attainments, who flourished in the reign of King Charles the .First. He was born at Mayfield, in the County of Sussex, in th^ yea? 15i95, and was the eldest son of $ir Thomas May, a Hjaight, who livedo at that place, and who seems to haye been possessed of a competent, estate in that neighbourhood, whiqh was suffi- cient to maintain him in the coqdition of an Independant Gpntleman ; as it, d.oes not app,ear that he was engaged in any of the Professions, And the liberal education which he gave his eldest soa,^ our Ai^thor, seems to confirm this supposition of the Independance, of Sir Thomas Mff,y's circumstances:, for, after having sent him to some good school in the neighbourhood of Jlfoy- f>eld, in the early part, of his youth, in which he made an uncommon pro- gress in the acquisition., of the learned Languages ;,) Sir Thomas IVJay entered^ him at Sidney-Sussex College, in the University of Cambridge, in the rank of a Fellow-comjnoner, which is the upper Class pf Studqnts there, into which the eldest sons, of the affl^ient and independant geptlei3aen,of England are usu- ally admitted. And here our Author continued his classical studies with ^reat assiduity a.nd success, and laid-in a copious. stock of tha.t elegant Litera- ture, vi A PREFACE TO THE ture, and familiar acquaintance with the best Poets and Higtorians of Anti- quity, for which he was afterwards so much celebrated. And in the year 16 J 2, be took the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, being then only 17 years of age; it being the custom, in those days, to remove young scholars from Grammar-schools, to the two Unive«sities of Oxford and Cambridge, about three years earlier than is done at present, or for the last 60 or 70 years. But, after taking the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the University of Cambridge, it does not appear that our Author ever took any other Degree there. From the year 1612, (when he was 17 years old,) to the year 1615 (when he was twenty years of age,) it does not appear where Mr. May resided: though it seems reasonable to suppose that it was partly at Cambridge, and partly with his father in Sussex. But in the month of August, 1615, he was admitted a Student of the Law in the Society of Gray's Inn. And from that time he resided chiefly either at that Inn of Court, or in some other part of London, for more than twenty years j during which time he devoted himself much to the study and cultivation of Poetry, and, in consequence of his isuccess in that elegant Art, became' familiarly acquainted with the most eminent Courtiers and Wits of those timeSi and particularly with Sir Kentlm Jbigby, Sir Richard'Fanshaw, Sir John Suckling, Sir Aston Cokaine, JUn Thomas Carew (6ne of the Gentlemen of the Ptivy-ch amber taRing Chai'ies,) and Endi/mion Farter, (one of the Gentlemen of his Bed-chamher,) besides Ben. Jonson (the celebrated Dramatic Poet,) and many oither persons of higher quality, who were Poets themselves, and lovers of Poetry in others, anibngst whom they admitted Mr. May to have a sti'ong claim to be distin- guished. And it was in the course of these 20 years (frotii the j'ear 1615, to> the year t635,) that Mr. May made an excellent translatioui in verse, of! Lucan's noble historical Poem on theCivil War of Rome, bbtween iPompey the Great and J uliiisOcesar, iatiUeii'Pharsalia: which translation was first published in the year"16-27, or the second year of the Reign of Rang Charles the First, and when Mr. May was-32 years old j and was pxiblished a second time in the year 1630,' or when Mr. May was 35 jears old; and was then - accompanied with* a continuation of the Poem in seven additional' books, in English verse (like the translation of Lucan's work,.) whi-ch carry the 'History or that destructive Civil War, to the death of Julius Csesar in the Capitol, by PRESENT EDITION OF THIS HISTORY. vii by the hands of several Senators of Rome, who had conspired against hira j who, for the most part, (or with the exception of only Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius, and, perhaps, two or three persons more, ) were Officers of his owi> Army, but yet thought it to be their duty to put bim to death, when they found that he was resolved to terminate the long series of Victories which they had helped him to gain, with a total suppression of the Liberties of their Country. With this grand and awfulevent, (which afforded an example of the punishment due to ambitious men, who employ their great talents to the destruction of Publick Liberty, ) Mr. May thought the Poem ought to end : and it may reasonably be supposed that he thought that Lucan himself would have closed his Poem with the description of that catastrophe, if he had K-ved to bring it to a cpnclusion. And, aftet having published this Continuation of Lucan's t*oem, in seven additional Books in English verse, in the year 1630, he translated it into Latin Verse, and caused the trfinslatiop to be printed at Leyden in Holland, where it wag much admired by learned Foreigners, and thought to be not inferiour, in the purity of the Latin, and the harmony of the Verses, to the Verses of Lucan himself. This translation of Lucan's Pharsalia, with the Continuation of it in English, Verse, and the translation of the said Continuation into Latin Verse, are the principal works that have contributed to the reputation of Mr. May. as a I^oet. But they are not the only ones. For he also distinguished himself as a Pramatick writer, by writing fi,ve Plays, two Comedies, and thifce Tragedies. The first of his Coniediiea wa^ intitled The Heir, and was acted, at London in the Reign of King James the First, in the year 1620, when our Author was but 25 years old ^ and it was afterwards published in the yq^ar 1633 ; and it is spoken of by the writers of those times as an excellent performance. And his other Corriedy, which was called The Old Couple, is thought to have been written about the same time as the former, and was also bF,ought upon the Stage at London, and well, received by the Publick, and it is said to have been esteemed but little inferiour to his former Comedy. His three Tragedies were intitled Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt; Agrippina, Empress of Rome ; and Antigone, the Theban Princess : but they seem to have beealess admiced tha,n his Comedies. And he distin-i guish^d viii A TREFACE TO THE guislied himself by other elegant Publications both in Verse ard Prose, before the beginning of the Long Parliament, of which he wrote the following History. He lived somewhat above a year after the death of King Charles the First, in January 1648-49, and died, almost suddenly, in the year 1650, in the £5th, or 56th, year of his age. More particulars concerning the life and writings of this eminent Author may be seen under the article of his name, in the Biographia Britannica. But those that have been here set-forth, are sufficient to shew that he must have had excellent opportunities of knowing the several publick events, that happened throughout the whole Reign of King Charles the First, which began in the year 1635, (when Mr. May was 30 years of age,) and ended in the year 1648-49, when Mr. May was 54 years old. And, therefore, Mr. May seems to have been admirably well fitted to become the historian of the trans- actions of this whole Reign, and especially of the proceedings of the three first years of this Parliament, which met in November, 1640, if he possessed the Grand Requisite of a good historian, which is Impartiality, or the Love of Truth." Now " that he had this important Requisite," se^ms to be highly probable from the following considerations. As his History of this Parliament was published so early as the year 1647, that is, less than seven years after the first meeting of it in November 1640, there must have been great numbers of persons living at the time of its publi- cation, who had been witnesses of the several transactions recorded in it, and perfectly acquainted with all the circumstances belonging to them ; and many of these persons would, no doubt, have been ready enough to contradict the accounts he had given of them in this History, and to point-out to the Publick the particular points in which he had mis-represented them, if those accounts had not been faithful. And yet I do not find than any writers of that time, from the month of May, 1647, when this History was published, to tha mouth of May, 1660, when King Charles the Second was restored to his father's Throncj have ever contested the truth of the facts related in this History. And, therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that those facts are true. And, further, we may observe that the facts related in this History are found to agree with the accounts given of them by Mr. Whitlock in his Me- morials, PRESENT EDITION OF THIS HISTORY. ix Kiorials, and by others of the most sedate and exact historical writers of those time? : which is an additional ground for supposing hinti to have been a very impartial, as well as a very well-informed and judicious^ relater of the pro- ceedings of that important Period of our History. And, lastly, this History of the Parliament almost speaks for itself in support of the impartiality of its Author. For it is written in so calm and temperate a style, is so free from invective and animosity, and has every where such an air of candour and moderation, that it seems to be almost impossible for a reader of it not to suppose it to be impartial, And, accordingly, this is the character that has generally been allowed to belong to this work, by the most diligent and critical inquirers into the English History : of which I will here give two examples by citing the opinions of two very eminent Persons to this purpose, namely, the late very learned Dr. ' Warburton, Bishop of Gloucester, and the late very great Minister of State, in the three last years of the reign of King George the Second, Mr. Williiini Pitt, who was afterwards created Earl of Chatham. Dr. Warburton, Bishop of Gloucester, in his familiar Letters to his intimate friend. Dr. Hurd, (who was afterwards Bishop of Worcester,) has two very remarkable passages relating to this work of Mr. May, which I will here transcribe from the collection of those Letters which was published a few years ago,, soon after the death of Dr. Hurd. The first of these passages occurs in a Letter of Bishop Warburton, to Dr. Hurd, dated on the 30th day of June, in the year i7;>3, and is in these words : "As to the History of the Long Parliament, the principal Authors are, *' Manfs HistDrijofthe Parliament, Clarendon, fVhitloch, Ludlow, RUshwortli's "Collections, and Walker's History of Independency. The first is an extra- " ordinary Performance, little known ; written with great Temper, Good-sense, " and Spirit ; and has the qualities of a regular Composition." The second passage is in a Letter to Dr. Hurd, dated on the 16th of August of the same year 1753, and is in these words : b "May' R X A iPREFACE TO THE " May's History of the Parliament is a just Composition, according to the " rules of History. It is written with much Judgement, Penetration, Manh- "ness, and Spirit ; and with a candour that will greatly increase your esteem, " when you understand that he wrote by the order of his masters, the Pur- *' liament." The opinion of the great Mr. William Pitt, (afterwards Earl of Chatham,^ occurs in a Letter to his Nephew, Thomas Pitt, Esquire, ( his elder brother's son,) who was then a young man and a student at Clare-hall, in the University of Cambridge, and who was afterwards created Lord Camelford ; which Letter was dated on the ^th of September, 1754. The passage containing it is in these words : ^ " I desired you, some time since, to read Lord Clarendon's History of the ' *' Civil Wars. I have lately read a much honester and more instructive book, " of the same Period of History. It is the History of the ParliamcTit, by Thomas " May, Esquire. I will send it to you as soon as you return to Cagabridge." These passages of the Letters of these two very eminent persons, are strong testimonies 'in favour of this excellent History, of which, however, I caonot find that there has ever been published any second Edition : and the copies of this first Edition of it, (which is printed in a thin folio volume in a very large type,) are -now grown very scarce. I therefore hope that this new Edition of it, in the more commodious size of a quarto volume, and with the addition of short abstracts of it's contents, printed in a smaller character in the margins of the pages, (which, though it is a practice that is now grown much out of fashion, appears to me a most important article for the convenience of the reader,) will be acceptable to the Publick. At the end of this History, I have printed an Appendix to its which con- tains all the Declarations, and Votes, and Messages of both Houses of Parlia- ment to the King, with the King's Answers to them, from the month of No- vember, J 641, (when the King had returned from Scotland to London) to the 7th of the following month of March, 1641-42, when he had refused to reside at Westmin«l€r, near the Parliameal, (in consequence of some popular tu- mults PRESENT EDITION OF THIS HISTORY. xi mults tliat had arisen there, from which he apprehended danger to his person) and was retiring to the city of York, to raise a body of Troops there for his defence, under the name of a Life-Guard ; which measure was soon after fol- lowed byan open civil-war. Amongst these Parliamenfar)' Papers will be found first, the famous Grand Remonstrance of the House of Commons, presented to the King in December, 1641, which contains a just Picture of the several Grievances of the Nation, arising from the King's mis-government, from the beginning of his reign, and the King's Answer to it; and secondly, an account of the King's violent Entry into the House of Commons,on the4th of January, 1641-42, attended by a body of 300 armed men, to seize the persons of five of the most eminent Members of the House, (Mr. Danzil Holies, Sir Arthur Haslerig, Mr. Pym, Mr. Hamden, and Mr. Strode) in order to have them tried for High Treason, for what they had said and done, as Members of that House ; together with an account of the altercation that took place between the King and the Parliament in consequence of that violent measure; and, thirdly, an account of several informations, that had been given to the Parliament, of Licences that had been granted, under the King's hand, to several Irish Officers of the Popish Religion, (some of whom had been bred in the wars in Flanders and Holland, in the service of the King of Spain) to go-over to Ireland, where it was much to be feared, that they would engage in the Irish rebellion ; and some of them had actually done so : from which informa- tions the Parliament could not but entertain some suspicions that the King, though he might not have at first authorised and encouraged the Irish Papists to enter into this rebellion, (as those rebels declared that he had done, yet, now that the rebellion was on foot, was unwilling that it should be speedily sup- pressed ; and was in hopes that he should nceive some assistance from those rebels against the English Parliament. These informations received by the Parliament, and set-forth in some of the latter Papers in this Appendix, are very positive and particular, and seem fully sufficient to justify the suspi- cions entertained by the Parliament, of the King's secret sentiments on this subject, and did certainly contribute very much to increase the jealousy they had conceived of his design to revoke all his late concessions, and to resume his former absolute authority, by any means that he could employ for that purpose. And, if that horrid Irish rebellion had not happeiled at the b 2 r time Xli A PREFACE TO THE ,time it did,, and Ireland had continued for a year or two in the same state of peace and tranq^uillity in which it was when the King went to Scotland, in August, 1641, to reteet his Parhament there, and settle the affairs of that Kingdom both in Church and State, (which he did to the thorough satisfaction of his Scottish subjects) it seems probable that, upon his return to London m the following month of November,1641, he would have complied in like manner .with his English Parliament, in a'llthe further measures they would have pro- posed to him, for the corapleat correction of the former abuses in the Go- vernment, both in Church and State, and for the renderings all these, correc- tions and concessions permanent after the Dissolution of the present Parlia- ment, so as to put them out of all danger of being rescinded, or revoked, fjither by the King himself or any of his successors to the Crown. And if this opinion is well founded, it will follow that that horrid rebellion in Ire- land must be considered as having been the cause, not only of all the blood- shed, and robbery, and desolation, which it immediately spread over that island, but also of all the misery in which England was overwhelmed during the whole of the English civil-war, or for the space of more than nine years, to wit, from the summer of the year 1642, when it begun, to the end o€ the year, 1651, when, (after the great victory gained at Worcester, by the {jrmy of the Commonwealth of England, under the command of Oliver Crom- well, over the Scottish army, commanded by King Charles the Second) the* whole Island of Great-Britain was restored to Peace^ It appears from the last paragraph of this History, in page 228 of this Edition, that Mr»May had intended to publish a Continuation of it, in which^ ^she informs us, he propos.ed to give a large account of the cessation of arms made l^y the King with the Irish rebels, (soon after the relief of the city of Glou- cester, by the Earl of Essex, in the summer of the year 1643,) and of the great victories which small numbers of the English Forces had oitainul over great multitudes of tfiose Irish rebels, be/ore the time of that cessation; af- also of the Covenant, which the English Parliament, and that part of the Mation that adhered to it, entered into, about Ihrs time, with their Brethren of Scotland, for the maintenance of the Religion and Liberties of the two Kingdams. But this design Mr. May did not, carry into execution, though the PRESENT EDITION OF THIS HISTORY, xiii the reason of his declining to do so is not apparent. This omission is much to be regretted ; as a clear and faithful account of these two Subjects ; — the State of Ireland, after the Massacre af the ProtestantSj on the 23d of October, 1641, to the cessation of arms made with them, by the King's com- mand, in the autumn of 164:3; and the Treaty of the Covenant between the Parliaments of England and Scotland entered-into about the same time; — given us by the impartial pen of this intelligent writer, would have afforded- great satisfaction to his readers. But our loss on this occasion may be, in some degree, repaired, with respect to the State of Ireland during those two years, or, at least, during the first part of them, by having recourse to the excellent History of the Irish Rebellion and Massacre, in October, IG'iS, written by Sir John Temple^, who Avas Master of the Rolls in Ireland, and a Member of the King's Privy Council in Dublin at the very time of its breaking-out, and took a zealous and active part in the measures that were' immediately employed for the preservation of that important city. This ac- count of that horrid Event is universally allowed to be perfectly true and au- thentick, and is, indeed, made-up, in a great degree, of the depositions of several persons who were eye-witnesses of the various assaults, and murders, and robberies of the poor Protestants, by their perfidious Popish neighbours, with whom they had been living in the most friendly and unsuspecting fa- miliarity for almost forty years. It's authenticity is therefore above all suspicion ; and it was published before Mr. Mayi wrote this History of the Parliament : for it is mentioned by him in the 81st page of this Volume, with the greatest approbation, where he calls it the faithful relation of that Rebellion by a JVoble Gentleman^ whose place in that Kingdom gave him the means to know it; and he declares that he had partly collected from it, what he himself had said in this History, concerning that shockiug event. It therefore seems probable, that what is related on this subject by Sir John Temple, in his History of this Rebellion, will contain much of the same matter which would have been related by Mr. May concerning it, if he had executed his first design of continuing his History to a later Period: and, there- fore, I think that the readers af this work of Mr. May, would do well to peruse SJr John Temple's History of the Irish Rebellion after it, as a proper S£qjLieIj xW A PREFACE to THE PRESENT EDITION OF THIS HISTORY. Sequelj or Supplement, to it. The only Edition of Sir John Temple's Work that I have seen, was printed in the year 1746; and the copies of it, I am informed, are grown somewhat scarce. It would therefore be, probably, an acceptable service to the Lovers of Truth in the History of their Country, to publish another Edition of it. For the horrid event, of which it gives 3 faithful Relation, ought never to be forgot. FRANCIS MASERES. Inner Temple, JSov. 28, 18U. THJB THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 1 HE use of History, and the just Rules for composure of it, have been so well and fully described heretofore by judicious Writers, that it were lost labour, and a needlesse extension of the present ■work, to insist, by way of Introduction, upon either of them. I could rather wish my abilities were such, as that the Reader, (to whose judgement it is left,) might finde those Rules to have been observed in the Narration itself, instead of being set-forth to him in the Preface by a vaine Anticipation. I will only professe to follow that one Rule, Truth, to which all the rest (like the rest of Moral Vertues to that of Justice) may be reduced; against which there are many waies, besides plaine falsehood, wherein a Writer may offend. Some Historians, who seeme to abhorre direct falshood, have, notwithstanding, dressed IVuth in such improper Vestments, as to seem to have brought her forth to act the same pnrt that falshood would ; and to have taught her, by Rhetorical disguises, partial concealments, and invective expres- sions, instead of informing, to seduce a Reader, and carry the judgement of Posterity after that Byas which themselves have made. It was the opinion of a learned Bishop of England, not long ago deceased, that the Annals of Cardinal Baronius did more wound the Protestant Cause, than the Controversies of Bellarmine : And it may well be true. For against the unexpected stroke of partial History the ward is not so ready, as against that Polemike writing, in which Hostility is professed with open face. This fault I have endeavoured to avoid : But it is my misfortune to undertake a subject that is of such a nature that really to avoid partiality in treating it is not very easi^e : but to escape the suspicion, or xvi THEAUTHOR'S PREFACE. or censure, of falling into it, is almost impossible for tbecleerest in- tegrity that ever wrote. Other writers, as well as myself, will, i sup- pose, undertake to handle this subject : and, because nonei of them, perchance, may give perfect satisfaction, I shall, in the behalfe ot us all, intreat the Reader, that, in his censure of our several productions, he would deale with the Vf ritings of men as with mankinde itselte, call that the best, which is the least bad. The Subject of this work is a Civil War;— a War indeed as much more than Civil, and as full of miracle, both in the causes and effects of it, as was ever observed in any Age; — a Warre as cruel as unnatural; — that has produced as much rage of Swords, — as muph bitternesse of Pens, both publike and private, — as was ever knowne ; ■and has divided the ujiderstandings of men, as well as their affec- tions, in so high a degree, that scarce could any vertue gaine due applause, any reason give satisfaction, or any Relation obtaine credit, unlesse amongst men of the same side. It were, therefore^ a presumptuous madnesse, to think that this pdore and weake Discourse, whiph can deserve no applause from either side, should obtaine from both so much as pardon ; or that those Persons should agree in the judgement they will form of it Avho could never agree in any thing else. - 1 cannot, therefore, be so stupid, as not to be fully sensible of the difficulty of the taske imposed on me, or the great envy which attends it ; which other men who have written Histories, upon farre lesse oc- casion, have discoursed-of at large in their Prefaces. And Tacitu$ himselfe, complaining of those ill times which were the unhappy subject of his Annals, (though he wrote not in the time of the same Princes under whom those things were acted :) yet, (because the Families of many men who had then been ignominious, were yet in being,) could not but discourse how much happier those Writers had been, who liad taken more ancient ancj prosperous times for theif Argument; such (as he there expresses it,) as those times in which the great and glorious actions of the old Romans, their honourable Atchievements, and exemplary Vertues, are recorded. And I could have wished more than my life (being myself incon- siderable) that, for the sake of the Publick, my Theme could rather have been the prosperity of these Nations, the donour and hap- pinesse of this King, and such a blessed CondiUon of both, as might have reached all the ends for which L.overnment was liist ordained THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE. xvil Ordained in the world, than the description of Shijiwrecks, •Ruines, and Desolations. Yet these things, truly recorded and observed, may be of good Use, and may benefit Posterity in divers kinds. For, though the present Actions, or rather sufferings, of these (pnce happy) Nations, are of so high a inarke and consider- ation, as might, perchance, throw themselves into the knowledge of Posterity by Tradition, and the weight of their own Fame; Yet it may much conduce to the benefit that may arise from that knowledge, to have the true causes, original, and growth, of them represented by an honest Pen. For the truth of this plaine and naked Discourse, which is here presented to the publike view, containing a briefe Narration of those Distractions which have fallen amono-st us durina: the sitting of this present Parliament * ; as also some passages, and visible Actions of the, former Governipent (whether probably conducing to these present calamities, or not; of which let the Reader judge :) I appeale only to the memory of any EngHshman, wliose yeares liave been enow to make him know the Actions that were done ; and whose conversation has been enough publike, to let him heare the Common Voice and discourses of People upon those Actions ; — to his memory, I say, do I appeale, whether such Actions were not done, and such Judgements^ made upon them, as are here related. In which, perchance, some Readers may be put in minde of their own thoughts heretofore, which thoughts have since, like Nebuchad' nezzars dreame, departed from them. An English Gentleman, who went to travel when this Parliament was called, and returned when these differences were growne among us, hearing what Dis- courses were daily made, affirmed, That the Parliament of England (in his opinion) was more mis-understood in England iivda at Rome; And that there was a greater need to remind our own Country- men, than to mforme strangers, of what was past; So much (said he) have they seemed to forget both the thmgs themselves, and their owq former Notions concerniog them-j-. But • That is, from November 3rd, A. D. l640, to September 27tli, 1643, at which tliis Flistory closes. t The meaning of tliis passage seems to be, " That the English Noblemen and Gentlemen who now sided will) the King iigainst tlie Parliament, seemeJ to have forgot tiie sentiments of disgu-,t c i$iiU xviii THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE. But, where Wane continues, people are inforced to make the^ residence in several Quarters ; and thereiore set;erfl/, '^^'^^f'^f'^ the places where t-hey converse, must their information be concern- ing the condition and state of things. From whence ar ses not onely a variety, but a great discrepancy for the uiost pait, m^he Writings of those who record the passages of such times. Ana therefore.it has seldome happened, but that, in such times ot calamity 'and Warre, Historians have much dissented from eacn other. Franciscus Harcem compiled Annals ot the blooay ana fierce Warres in the Netherlands, when some of those I'rovinces fell from the obedience of Philip the Second, King of Spam : VV hich businesse he relates in such a way, as must, in probabihty, lead a Reader to believe that the King and his Officers were altogether innocent, and the people of those Countries the only causers ot their own Calamity. Meteranus also wrote the History of those very times; which whoso read-., must needs make a contrary censure concerning the occasion of that Warre. The like discrepancy hath been found in Historians of all ages and Nations, and therefore ought not to be much wondered-at, if it should now happen. But that which, of all othersubjects, is most likely to be difFerehtly related (because informations will not agree in such a distance) is concerning the actions of Warre and Souidiery ; and in the time of this Warre, it is a thing of extreme difficulty (I might say, of im- possibility) for those of one Party to be truly informed of all the Counsels, or the very Performances and Actions, of Commanders and Souldiers on the other side. How much valour the English Nation on both sides have been guilty of in this unnatural Warre, the World must needs know in the general fame. But for particu- lars, how- much Worth, Virtue, and Courage, some particular Lords, Gentlemen, and others, have shewed, unlesse both sides and indignation against the tyrannical government of the King, both in Civil and Ecclesiastical ipatters, whidi had been eiitertained by them, and <:ontiuualiy expressed in their free and private conversations, before the meeting of the Parliament, and were now thwaitiug tlie Parliament in ii's ivise and vigorous endeavours, to restrain the King's powei in such a manner as to prevent his revoking all his late concessions, and returning to the' exercise of his former arbitrary authority, to which he was justly thought to be still secretly attached. do THE AUTHOR ',5 PREFACE. kw do write, will never perfectly be known. My residence hath been, during these Wars, in the quarters, and under the protection, of the Parliament; and whatsoever is briefly related of the Soiildiery, being toward the end of this Book, is according to that light which I discerned there. For whatsoever I, have missed concerning the other Party, I can make no other Apology than such as Mete- ranus (whom I named before) doth in the Preface to his History, De Belgicis tumultibus. Whose Avords are thus: Qudd pliira de Reformatorum, & pair ice defensor urn, qudm de Fartis adverse rebus gestis , exposuerim ; mirum haiidquaquam est : quoniapi plus Com- mercii & familiar it at is mihi cum ipsis,& major indagandi opportunitas, fnit. Si Pars adversa idem tali pr.ohitate prastiterit Id ediderit; Posteritas gesia omnia legere, & liquidd cognoscere, magna cum J'ructu poterit. In like manner may 1 averre, tfiat, if in this dis- course more particulars are set-down, concerning the actions of those men who defended the Parliament, than of those that warred against it ; it was, because my conversation gave me more light on that side ; to whom, as I have endeavoured to give no more than Avhat is due, so 1 have cast no blemishes on the other; nor be- stowed any more characters than what the trjath of Story must require. If those that Avrite on the other side will use the same candour, there is no feare but that posterity may receive a full information concerning the unhappy distractions of these Xingdoms. This I mustadde, that to inform the world of the right nature, causes, and growth of these Distractions, it will require that the Discourse begin from preceedent times ; which I shall endeavour to deduce down to the present time with as much brevity as the necessity of unfolding truth can possibly admit. Neither is it needful to begin the Story from times of any great distance ; or to mention the Government of our most ancient Princes ; but from that Prince * (fresh in the memory of some yet • Queen Elizabeth, who Wied in the year l603, only 3/ years before the meeting of the^arlia-^ meijt which is the subject of this History, which was in November, l640. c 2 living) XX THEAUTHOR'SPREFACE. living) who first established the Eeformed Religion in this King- dome, and, according to that, settled a new Interest in the ^tate ; which it was most behoofeful and requisite for her Successors to follow, and much conducing, besides the glory of Almighty God, to their own Honour, Power, and Greatnesse. THE THE CONTENTS. BOOK L CHAP. L Page- fPlJEBEIN is a short mention of Queene Elizabeth, King James, and the beginning of King Charles^is Reign; His two first TarUamenis. Of the Wars with Spaine and France. The death of the Duke of Buckingham. And the third Parlia- ment of King Charles. CHAP. II. A brief e Relation of some grievances of the Kingdome.. The various opinions of men concerning the present Government. The condition of the Court and Clergy of England. Some ohftervaiions of a stranger, concerning the Religion . of the<: English people. 10 CHAP. 3txii THE CONTENTS. CHAP. 111. Page The condition of the Scottish Slate and Clergy, when the new Booke of Liturgy was sent unto them ; how it was received ; with some effects which followed. The King's Proclamation sent by the.Earie of Traquarej against 'which the Lords make a Protestation. J 8 CHAP. IV- The Scots enter into a Covenant. The Marquesse Hamilton is sent thither from the King. A ^National Synod is granted to them, hut dissolved within fexv daies by the Marquesse, as Com^ missioner from the King. The King declares against the Cove- nanters, and raises an Army to subdue them. ' 25 CHAP. V. The aversenesse of the English People from this Warre with Scotland. The King advanqeth^ to Yorke with his Army. The preparation of the Scottish Covenanters. A Pacification is made, and both Armies disbanded. Another preparation for Warre with Scotland. A Parliament called to begin in Eng- land on the 13th of April. The Parliament of Scotland is broken-offby command of the Khig to the Earle o/Traquare. 31 CHAP. VI. The Parliament heginneth in England, but is soone dissolved. The Clergy continue their Convocation. TLe Scots eiUer into Lugland. THE CONTENTS. xxiii Page England. Some passages of the Warrc. A Parliament is called to begin on the third of November. A truce betweene the Armies for two Moneths. £9 CHAP. VII. The beginning of the English Tarliament. Grievances examined. Sufferers relieved. Delinquents questioned. The Archbishop of Canterbury committed to the Tower. The flight of Secre- tary WiNDEBANKE, and of the Lord-Keeper Einch. 47 CHAP. VIII. The Tryal and death of the Earle of Strafford. Conspiracies detected during the agitation of it. An Act for continuance of this present Parliament. With a mention of that Grant of the Triennial Parliament in February before. 59 CHAP. IX. Allowance of money from the English Parliament to the Scots. The vast Charge of disbanding the two Armies. The great Taxations for that purpose, and the manner of Poll-money. The People take a Protestation. An Act for putting-down the High- Commission Court, and the Starre-Chamber ; xmth other occurrences of that ti?ne. The Queene-M other departeth from England. The King goeth into Scotland. 69 CHAP. xxir THE CONTENTS. BOOK II. CHAP. I. Page A Standing Committee during the Recesse of both Houses of Parliament. The Rebellion of the Irish, and Massacre of the < Protestants there. Some endeavours of the English Parliament ^ „ for relief, of that Kingdom. .,. ,79 . CHAP. II. The King returneth out o/Scotlatid, and is pompously entertained by the City of Itondon. The Remonsti*ance is published by the Parliament. The King entreth into the House of Commons. ■ The Protestation of the. twelve Bishops; and how it was cen- sured by the Lords and Commons. Divers unhappy obstructions of the relief of Ireland. 88 CHAP. III., The Queen passeth into Holland, withher daughter the Princesse Mary. Difference between the King and Parliament concern- ing the Militia. The King goeth toward York, and is followed with a Petitiqn from the Lords and Commons to Theobalds, and another Declaration to Newmarket. The King is denyed entrance into Hull by Sir John Hotham. 102 CHAP. THE C O N T S N T S, xxv CHAP. "IV. Pages Many Members of both Homes leave the Parliament, and repair to the King. Nine of the Lords who first went away, are im- peached by the Commons, and censured hy the Peers. The Great Seal is carried-azmy from London to York. Some votes of Parliament concerning the King's proceedings, A Petition, with nineteen Propositions, sent from the Parliament to the King. ■ 114 CHAP. V. An Order for the bringing-in of Plate and Money mto Guildhall. The King's Declaration to'' the Lords about him; Their Pro- fession and Protestation to him. The King, layeth Sieg& to Hull; but raiseth it again. The Earl of Warwick takeih pos- session of the Navy, as Lord-^Admiral. The Mcvrl of Essex is 'ooied in Parliameni to be Lard-General fof all their Forces. 130 CHAP. VI. A brief Relation of the condition of diversCounties in England, when the Parlianvent's Ordinance for the Militia, and the King's Commission of A¥rtty, were pttt in execution. With a mention of soffit Lords and others &>k» xioere actms on either side. The Lord Mayor »f LondT>n committed to the Tower, and set^me^d by the Parlmment. A mention of some Deciarati(ms, Message, and Answers',- that passed between #e King and the two Houses if Pnftimftent. 140 d BOOK xm THE CONTENTS. BOOK HI. CHAP. I. Etege» Triiick Rupert and Prince Maurice arrive in England. The, Earl of Essex taking leave of the Parliament, goeth to his. Command. The King increaseth in .strength at Shrewsbury. A skirmish at Worcester. The great Battell of Keynton is fought. 159 CHAP. II. The Parliament send to the Kvngi concerning an Accommodatidn. A fight at Brai];i'ford. Another Treaty with' the King begun, and hroken-off. Reading besieged by the Lord General Essex, and surrendered to him. ' A conspiracy to betray Bristol. A treacherous Plot against the Parliament and City o/^ London, discovered and prevented. 176 CHAP. III. Matters of State transacted in Parliament, touching the Assemblyt, of Divines. The making of a new Great Scale. Impeaching the Queene of High ■ Treason, and other things. The Lord-^.,. General Essex, after some Marches, returneth to quarter his wasted and sick Army about Kingston. The, King's Forces are Masters of the West. The Earl of Newcastle's greatnesse in the North. Some mention of the Earle of Cumberland, and the Lord Fairfax. 187 CHAP. THE CONTENTS. xxvii CHAP. IV. , Pages Some Actions of Sir Thomas Vairf ax in the North. The Qjueen , lands in England. The revolt of Sir Hugh Cholniley, and the two Hothams. The state of this Warre in the Westerne parts. The condition, of the Associated Counties. A short, reiatitih of Sir William Wallet's Actions; of Colonel Crom- well, «Sir William Brereton, and Sir ioYiw Gell. 197 CHAP. V. The death of the Lord Brooke, and of the Earle of Northamp- ton. A short mention of some Actions in divers Counties. The low condition of the Parliament at) that time. The Siege of Gloucester. 210 CHAP. VI. Ihe Eapedition of the Lord-General Essex for reliefer of Glou- cester. The great Batiti of 'iHewhury described. '■ 'SfO I , :■• I'll I ...wi I . ■ .. ..v^iA a'oiJc'n,.M ./ ■ • '^ivfO ?'o!lK' I !' ;■■; APPENDIX: Containing all the Papers issued by the King and the Parliament, from the time of the King's return from Scotland to London in November, l6'41, to the middle of March, in the year 1641-2, extracted from Mr. Husbands's Collection, Pubiish- ed in the year 1642-3. 220 The Titles of the several Papers cont aimed in tMs Appendix, rmth the proper references to the Pages in which they are to be founds are as follows. ( d 2 A TABLE XXyiiJ THE CON TEN T S. A TABLE \ Expressing the Titles of the several Papers contained in the Jppendix to thi'f Histori/ of the Parliament of November 3, 164Q, which are re-printed from the first 118 pages of the much larger Collection of Papers, of the same kind, which was published by Mr. Husbands in the year 1642-3, and contains 954 pages. DECEMBER, 1641. Pages XlIS Majestie's Speech to both Houses of Parliament, after His return from jScotland. Dec. 2. 231 His Majestie's Proclamation for obedience to the Laws, concerning Religion. Dec. 10. 232 His Majestie's Proclamation for the attendance of the Members in both Houses. Dec. 12. 233 His Majestie's Speech to both Houses, concerrring a Bill for pressing of Souldiers. ' Dec. 14. 233 A Petition from the Lords and Commons to His Majestic concerning His Speech of the four- teenth of December. .... 234 A Petition and Remonstrance of the State of the Kingdom. Dec. 15. - 235,238 His Majestie's Answer (o the Petitition that accompamed the Remonstrance. - C56 His Majestie's Declaration to all His loving Subjects, in answer to the Remonstrance, 258 His Majestie's Message to the Common-Council, delivered by the Lord Newburgh, respect. ing Tumultuous and Riotous Assemblies. Dec. 3U - 263 His Majestie's Message to the House of Peers concerning Ireland. Dec. 28. - 263 JANUARY, 1641-4 His Majestie's Proclamation concerning the Rebels in Ireland. Jan. 1. - 266 -Articles of High Treason against the Lord Kinibolton, and fite Members of the House of Commons. Jan. 3, 1641-42. - . . . 267 Ad Order pi the Commons, against breaking open any Doors or Trunks of any Member of that House. - - . . 267 His Majestie's Speech in the House of Commons concerning the five Members, Jan. 4. 268 An Order and Declaration of the House of Commons, coocerniqg the breach of their Pri- viledges, Jan. 5, 1641-42, - - . 268 Another THE CONTENTS, jjjfj^ Pages Anot}jer Declaration of tl»« House ofConimons concerning tl»e breach of *beir priviledges, and the Vindication of divers of their Members, Jan. 17. 1641-42. - ^ 3Sq The Petition and Protestation of the Bishops to the King's Majesty. - 27a A Propositron by the House of Commons, unto His Majesty for a Guard. - 375' His Majestie's Answer to the House of Commons' Proposition for a Guard. - S76 The Petition of the Common-Council of London, to His Majestic. • S7jS His Majestie's Answer to the City Petition. - - Z7S His Majestie's Proclamation for a General Fast throughout the Kingdom,' Jan, ?, l64i-4a. ^g His Majestie's Message to both Houses, concerning the Lord Kimbolton, and the five Members. Jan. 12, 1641-42. ... jSO The Petition of the County of Buckingham to His Majesty. - 280 His Majestie's Answer to the Buckiughamshire Petition. Jan. 13, 1641.42, - 381 An Order of both Houses concerning the Lord Digby and others. Jan. 13, 1641-42-, 381 His Majestie's Profession and Addition to His last Message, concerning the Lord Kimbolton, and the five Members. Jan. 14, 1641-42, > • - . 2S3 Questions propounded to Master Atturney, by the House of Commons, concerning the five- Members, with his Answer to each of them. - • 283 His Majestie's Letter to the Lord Keeper, in Defence of the Atturney-Generall. 284 His Majestie's Message to both Houses of Parliament. Jan. 20, 1641-42. - 284 Au Order of the Lords, to prevent the delivering of Petitions unto them. Jan. 30, 1641-42. 28^ His Majestie's Letter to both Houses, concerning the Lord Kimbolton, and the five Mem- ber?, Jan. 21. 1641-42. - - - 385 The Scotch Conmijssioners' Propositions for sending 2300 men into Ireland. Jan. 24, 1641-42. 286 The Votes of the Commons, and Order of the Lords, coucerniug the Propositions of tl^e Scots. - - - - 28? His Majestie's Answer to the Scotch Propositions. Jan. 26, 1641-42. - 287 His Majestie's further answer to the three Articles of the said Propositions. Jan. 27, 1641-42. 287 The Petition of the House of Commons to His Majesty, concerning the Militia. Jan. 36, 1641-42. - ... 28S His Majestie's Answer to the said Petition of the House of Commons. Jan'. 28, 1641-42. 289 An Order by both Houses for prevention of Popish Commanders from going into Ire- land. Jan. 29, 1641-42. - - - - 29O FEBRUARY, 1641-42. Two Petitions of the Lords and Commons to His Majesty, the one concerning the Militia, the other concerning the five Members. - - 29I, 293 His Majestie's Answer to the two Petitions of both Houses. Feb. 2, 1641-42. - 293 His Majestie's consent for the Princesse Marie's going to Holland. - 294 The Queen's Majestie's Answer to a Message of both Houses. - 294 His -X-XX T>H E CONTENT*. His Majestle's Mfes'Sage to the House of Commons, concerning Master Pym*s Speech. Feb. 7, i64i-4;2. - ' , - * 294 An AnsM'er of the House of Commons, to His Majesties Message. Feb: 10, i641-43, 29S His Majestie's Reply to the said Answer of the HOBse of Commons. - ZgS His Majestie's Message to the House of Peers, for accepting of Sir J-ohn Coniers, in Sir John Biroii's room. Feb. 11, 1641-4S. ■- • - 298 A List of tlie names of tliose men which were thoiight fiit to be entrusted with the MiKtia of the .Kingdom. Feb. 12, 1641-42. ... 208 His Majestie's Message to both Houses of Parliament! " Feb. 14, 1641-42. ' 300 A Petition of the Lords and Commons to His Majesty, concerning the Members accused. ' 301 An Ordinance, concerning Serjeant-Major Skippon. - • -SOS A Message from a Commiftee to the Spauish Ambassador^ cOncerniMg some Ships lying' at Dunkirk. .... 302 The Spanish Ambassador's'Answer to the sanio> - • 803 H^s Majestie's Message to both Houses, concerning the Militia. - 304 The Petition of the Lords and Commons to' His Majestic, in answer to his Majestie's Message; . . - - - 304 A Message from both 'Houses to the King andQueen's Majesties', coacerniug some Letters of Ihe Lord Digbye's. . - - . 305 A Message from both Houses to His Majesty, concerning the Prince, his Son. Feb. 24, 161I.42, 306 His Majestie's Answer to the said Message of both Houses. - goQ Votes of the Lords and Commons, upon the Propositions for Ireland. 307 His Majestie's Answer, and Assent, unto the Propositions for Ireland. Feb. 24,- 1641-42. 309 Directions from the Lords and Commons, concerning th« PropositJoas for Ircfand. ^10 An Ordinance of both Houses, for settling the Militia of the Kingdom. 311 HVsMajestie's Answer to both Houses of Parliament, concerning the Militia. Feb. 28, 1641-42. 312 " MAP.CH, 1641.42. A'Petition of the Lords and Commons' to^is Majesty, concerning the Militia of the King* dom. March 1, l641-4a. - '- . '314 His Majestie's Answer to tlie said Petition. - ' -. 3jg Votes of both Houses of Parliament, for settling tiie Militia. 31Q An Order of both Houses of Parliament, for the speedy Rigging of the Navy. March 2, 1641-42. . . - . 317 A Declaration df the Lords and Commons, presented to his Majesty at Newmarket. March §, 1641-42. - - - . 3,8 Additional Reasons t<5 thfe'fornrer Declaration of both' Houses. - 303 His'Mijestie's Speech at the delivery of the Declaration, from the Lords and Co'inmoBS, pre- scnted to his Majesty at Newmarket, on the 9th of March; 1641-43. - 324 Some THE CONTENTS. xxxi Pages Some passages, that happened between the King's Majesty, and the Committee of both Houses, CD the ninth of March, when the Declaration was delivered. - - 334. Hi« Majestie's Declaration in Answer to the said Declaration of both Houses. - 32(5 A Letter from both Houses of Parliament, to all High Sheriffs, concerning the Propositions for Ireland. .... 3S0. , Votes of both Houses for securing the Kingdom. March 15, l<)41-4a. - - 331 His Majestie's Message from Huntingdon to both Houses, upon His removal to York. March 15, 1641-43. - - - - 332 Votes of both Houses upon His Majestie's Message from Huntingdon. - 333 A new declaration of the Lords and Commons, to His Majesty, upon His removal from Huntingdon to York, concerning Warrants granted for Papists going into Ireland. March 15, 1641-42. - - - 334 His Majestie's AnssTer tq.a Paper, intituled, a new Di^claration of the Lords and Commons. 337 THS ;'I ,r!-J viiib ;s tm.j-'^ ■•:.'■ A-(,: ..'.,j. '>'f..l .-If. IvB U>1" .■'nic. J .,"•<• •t...h'/f . ■■•«*Sv^3iJSS "H ■ '■■■'Ji.«'»>™i- THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLANB ?i. CHAP, L Wherein is a short mention of Queene Elizabeth, King James, and the beginning of King Charles his Reigne; his two first Parliaments. Of the Warre with Spaiiie and France The death of the Duke of Buckingham. And the third Parliament of King * Charles. ' ' V^UEENE Elizabeth, of glorious Memory, together with, that great Stock ©f Queen Eiizab^tiv of Wealth and Honour, which her prudent and just Government had brought to the English Nation, had enriched them besides with a greater Treasure (which we may justly account the cause of all the rest) Religioa reformed from Popish Superstition* B That ' THE rilSTORY Ot THE That Reformation engaged the Queene in a new Interest of State, toside with the Protestants against those Potent Monarchs of the other Religion, which seem- ed at4b.e -b^ieswg as much danger and disadvantage to her, as it proved in con- elusion security and Honour ; so impossible it is for any disadvantage to prevaile ■over them that helpe the Lord against the Mighty. That Storme from Fance, which so much threatened the weake beginnings of her Reigne, was suddenly blowne-over by the death of Henry the second, and, some few Moneths after, of his Sonne Francis, who had married the Queene of Scotland: the danger which remained greatest was from Spahie, where P,hii.ip the Second then reigned, * Prifqi not g?pater in Dominion, Treasure,^ and Armies, than deeply engaged tgainsi the Protestant ^Religion, by theinstigation and assist-" ance of the Jesuites, an Order, which in the Age before had beene highly coun- tenanced by Pope Paul the third, in opposition to the Gospell-Doctrine, that then began to spread apace in Germany- znd other parts. The whole Order of Jesuifes (as endeavouring to set-up one Temporall King- dome of ^i&r/.^e«f/o»»^,^ suitable to. the Pap^ Hierarchy) applyed their servyre ^v^^ia to th.s Mdnan'(J?yoi Spc'^tni,'2iS bei% then far the\greatest {vi, Europe (and fittest for their purpose) by the late uniting of so many Kingdomes and Dutchies under the person of Charles the Emperour, who by a fortunate birthright inherited, together with Castile, and Arragon, and all the great acqui- sitions of his Grandfather Ferdinan'd in Italy and the West-Indies, the rich and useful patrimony of his Father Philip, Burgundy, and the Netherlands . All these he had left entirely to his Sonne Philip, ■ who to so large a Territory, had made that strong addition of the Kingdojiif df Portugal!, and might seeme an Enemy too mighty for England and all the Protestants of Europe to oppose. But Queene Elizabeth had woven the interest of her own State so insepar- ably into the cause of Religion itselfe, that it wqghard to pverthrow one without the mine of the other. And God, who had given her so much grace and cou-' rage as to rely wholly upon him,, 4id, with that Almighty hand, hot onely hold her up from sinking, but lift her above the heads of all her enemies. By what degrees and means she atchieved the great Actions of her teigne, and brought so; BPuch prosperity to b*r ISation, it is ijot the scope of this discourse to relate at large (for her History is not the worke in hand) but only in brief to declare that^ before her death, she was the h»ppy instrument of God to .promote the Protestant Religion in all parts. She curbed the Spanish greatnesse by sup- porting Frame from ruine, to give some balance to the other j as she preserved Stotland from being swallowed-up by the French before. She protected the 'Hollanders against him, vanquished his Armies both by Land and Sea, with ma^y .other siMsh things as niigbt seeme -too much to be theatchievments of one Reigne* And last of ill,; she reimc^A-Iriilmd v^hoilyto obedience, notwittifetanding all the suhtiU machinations of .^//)<«w, and open assistance given in Armes to her Irish Rebels. All which she accomplished by the justice and prudence of her govern- ment, by making the right use of her Subjects hearts, hands, and Purses, in a Parliamentary I PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. Parliamentary way ; as also securing her own Kingdome by strengthening the hands of Protestants abroad ; insomuch as she stood at last above the reach of any enemy by open warre ; and protected by God, though often attempted by domestick Treasons and Assassinations, till in the end she died in a good old age, leaving to her Successor, King Jamrs, the Kin|!;dome of England in an happier condition than ever it was; th^ Kingdome of Ireland wholly subdued and reduced, to reap for himselfe the harvest of all her labour and expence ; and nothing to do for it, but to propagate the true Faith in that Kingdome, which she, prevented by death, could not perform e; and was, in probability, an easie taske for King JAmes at that time; much conducing, besides the honour of God, to his owne Temporall strength and greatnesse, if he had onely gone fairly on in that way which Queene Elizabeth had made plaine for him. The Prosperity of England seemed then at the height, or h-K^yj ; and it pleases God that States many times shall decline from their happinesSe without any apparent signes to us, or reasons that we can give, as a Heathen complaines : P I faciks dare sumnja Decs, eadmque tueri Difficiki? Lucan. How easie are the Gods to raise States high. But not to keepe them so ? These thing? have made some high-reaching Writers, impute the raising and declination of Kingdomes and Common-wealths to certaine aspects of heavenly Constellations, to Conjunctions and oppositions of Planets, and various Eclipses of Celestiall Luminaries ; others, to an hidden strength, and secret efficacy of Numbers themselves ; and most men to the perpetuall Rotation of fortune : but the judgements of God in those things are past our finding-out ; and they are too wise, who are not content sometimes to wonder. For King James, the Successour to Queene Elizabeth, was a wise and ^^ King James, learned Prince, of disposition mercifuU and gracious, excellently grounded in that Religion which he professed, as the world may finde by his extant -writings ; a Prince of whom Er/gland conceived wonderfull hope, and received with great joy and Triumph. But he did not beginne where his Predecessor left, proceeding rather in a contrary way : what the reasons of it were, I will not at all pTresume to deliver my opinion, though some have beene bold to write and publish of late yeereSj that it was feare for his own Person, that made him to temporize with Rome, considering the boldnesse of Jesuiticall Assassines : others, more candidly, conceived it might be his great desire of peace and union with other Princes, though he might erre in the meanes of attaining that end ; for he was by nature a great seeker of Peace, and abhorrer of bloodshed, according to that Motto which he ever used, Beati Pacifici. I cannot search into mens thoughts, but onely relate the Actions which appeared. King James, at the beginning of his Reigne, made a Peace with Spaine, which B 2 was THE HISTORY Of THE •was brought very low by Queeiie Elizabeth, and had beene neerer to ruine ih all probability, had she lived a few yeares longer; the Estates of the united Pro- vinces of ihe Netherlands, those usefull Confederates to England, began to be despised by the English Court, under a vaine shadow; in stead of a reason, " that they were an ill example for a Monarch to cherish." Then began secret Treatira to passe betwixt Rome and the Court of Engbnd ; care to be taken about recon- ciliation of Religions ; the rigour of Penall Lawe% against the Papists (notwithstand- ing that odious plot of the Gunpowder- Treason ) was abated ; the pompe of Pre- lacy, and multitude of Ceremonies, encreased daily in the Church of England; and according to that were all Civil Affaires managed both at home and abroad. Neither was it easie for the King to turne himselfe out of that way, when he was once entred into it j so that at last the Papists began by degrees to be admitted neerer to him in service and conversation. Exceeding desirous he then was to cnatch the Prince, his Sonne, to the -Infanta of Spaim; about which many and long Treaties passed, wherein not onely the Spaniard, but the Pope, made many prespnt advantages of the King's earnest desires, and many waies deluded him, as it appeared plainely by his owne Letters to his Ambassadours there, since found and ' published. Thus was the King by degrees brought, not onely to forsake, but to oppose, his owne interest both in civill and religious affaires, which was most unhappily seene in that cause (as the Duke of Rohan observed,) wherein, besides the interest of all Protestants, and the honour of his Nation, the estate and livelihood of "his owne children were at the height concerned, the Palatinate-businesse. From hence flowed a faKther tnischiefe ; for the King (being loath, perchance, that the whole people should take notice of those waies in which he trod,) grew extremely disaffected to Parliaments, calling them for nothing but to supply his expences, dissolving them when they began to meddle with State- Affaires, and divers times imprisoning the Members for Speeches made in'Parliament, against the fundamen- tal! privilet^es of that high Court. Parliaments being thus despised and abused, projects against the Lawes were found-out to supply the King's expences, which were not small ; and the King (whether to avoid the envy of those things, or the trouble of them) did in a man- ner put-off all businesse of Government from himselfe into the hands of a young Favourite, the Duke of Buckingham, whom he had raised, from a Knight's fourth Sonne,- to that great heighth, and entrusted with the chiefe Offices of the King- dome; besides the great power, which he had by that extraordinary favour of con- ferring all places and preferments both in Church and State. This Duke, notjong before the death of King Jamfs, wasgrowne into extraor- xUnary&vour and intirenesse with the Prince, whom he afterward swayed no Jesse -than he had before his father; like an unhappy vapour exhaled from the earth to so great an height, as to cloud not only the rising, but. the setting Sunne. Of King Charles. King Charles, with great hopes and expectation of the people, and no lesse ■ .high expressions of love and duty from all in general, began his Reigae on^the 27 Of'tTic Dukebf Buiekmgham. PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. I ^1 ■of March, 1624. And indeed that love which the people bare to his Person, had been before testified, whilest he was yet Prince, at his returne from Spaine, though the journey itstlfe had not been pleasing to the Kingdome ; for, when the people saw him arrived in safety, there needed no publike Edict for thanksgiving, or joy ; every society and private family (as if the hearts of all had beene in one) did voluntarily assemble themselves together, praising God, with singing of Psalmes, with joyfuU feasting, and charity to the poore; insomuch that, I suppose, the like consent, without any interposing authority, hath not been often knowne. The same affections followed him to his Throne ; the same hopes and faire presages of his future Government, whilest they considered the temperance of his youth, howcleare he had lived from personal! vice, being growne to the age of 23. how untainted of those licentious extravagances, which unto that age and fortune are not only incident, but almost thought excusable. But some men suspended their hopes, as doubting what to finde of a Prince so much and so long reserved; for he had never declared himselfe of any Faction, or scarse interposed in any State affaires, though some things had been managed in his father's Reigne, with much detriment to his owne present and future fortunes. Yet that by the people in generall was well censured, as an effect of his piety and obedience to the King his father, and happy presages were gathered from it, "Thats'o good an Obeyer would prove a just Ruler." They wondered also to see him suddenly linked in such an intire friendship .with the Duke of Buckingham ; for extraordinary Favourites do usually eclipse and much depresse the Heire apparent of a Crowne, or else they are conceived so to do; and, upon that reason, hated and ruined by the succeeding Prince ; in whidh kinde all ancient and moderne Stories are full of examples. In the beginning of King CijARLEs his Reigne, a Parliament was called, and His first Parliament, adjourned to Oxford, (the plague raging extremely at London,) where the Duke of BucKtNGHAM was highly questioned, but by the King (not without the griefe and sad presage of many people, that private affections would too much prevaile in him against the publike)' he was protected agtiinst the Parliament, which for that onely it js dissolved purpose was dissolved, after two Subsidies had been given and before the Kingdome received rdiefe in any one grievance ; as is expressed in the first and general Re- monstrance* of this present Parliament, where many other unhappy passages of those times are briefly touched ; as that the King immediately after the dissolution of that Parliament, contrived a Warre against 5/)«k^, in which the designe was A war with Spain, unhappily laid, and contrary to the advice which at that time had been given by wise men, who j.srswaded him to invade the fFe^t-Indies ; a way, no doubt, farre more easie and hopeful for tngland to preVaile against Spaine than any other : instead of that, the King, with great expence of Treasure, raised an Army and * This Remonstrance was parsed by ihe House of Commons on Wednesday the 1.5th of December, 1 641. It is iiititled, A Rerrionslrance of the State of the Kingdom, and is expressed in clear and lemperate language, aiid has a great appearance of being true. See Husbands's Collection of all ■Remonslraijces, -Declarations, &c. of this. Parliament;, published in the jear l642. Fleet 6, THE HISTORY OF THE Fleet to assault Cales, the Duke of Buckingham bearing th* Title both of Adrai- rall and Generall, though he went not himselfe in person. But the matter wa? so ordered that the expedition proved altogether suecesselesse, and as dishonourable as ejspensive. Of the siege of Ro- They complained likewise of another designe (which indeed was much lamented cheUe. jjy jjjg people of England m generall) about that time put in practice,— a thing de- structive to the highest interest of the Nation^ the maintenance of the Protestant reli- gion : a Fleet of English Ships were set-forth, and delivered-over to the French, by whose strength all the Sea-forces of Rochell were scattered and destroyed,— a losse to them irrecoverable^ and the first step to their ruine. Neither was this loane of Ships from England { for such was the people's com- plaint and suspicion against those who at that time stood at the Helme ) supposed to proceed so much from friendship to the State of Francs, as from designe against Religion; for immediately upon it, the King, by what advice the people understood not, made a breach with France, by taking their Ships, to a great value, without making any recompence to the English, whose Goods were thereupon imbarr'd, and confiscate in that Kingdome. In revenge Of this, a brave Army was raised in England, and commanded by the Duke of BuitKiNGHAM in person, who landing at the Isle of Rhea, was at the first encounter victorious against the French ; but, after few Moneths stay there, the mattei* was so unhappily carried, (the Generall being unexperienced in Warlike affaires,) that the French prevailed, and gave a great defeat, where many gallant Gentlemen lost their lives, . and the Nation much of their ancient Honour. The town of Ro- From thence proceeded another Step to the ruine of /?(?fW/; the sick and wounded chelle compelled by English Were Sent into that City, and relieved bythe besieged Rochellers, out of to'^the army'^oTthe ^^'^"^ ^'ttle provision which they then had, upon faithful promise of supplies from French king. England in the same kinde. The provisions of Rochell were little enough for their owne reliefe at that time, if we consider what ability the French King had to con- tinue that siege; when to the proper wealth and greatnesse of his Crowne was added that reputation and strength which his late successe against all the other Protestant Garrisons in trance had brought. The besieged Rochellers, not doubting at all of the due and necessary supply of Victuall from England, sent their Ships thither for that purpose ; but those Ships, whose returne with bread was so earnestly expected, were stayed in Eng' land by an Imbargo; and so long stayed, till that unhappy Towne was enforced to yield by famine, the sharpest of all Enemies. But in the meane time, whilest these Ships with Victuall were detained, a great Army was raised in £«f/«K<^ for reliefe of Rochell; but too great was the delay of those preparations, till time was past, and that Army in the end disbanded by the The Death of the sad death of the Duke of BtrcKiNGHAM their Generall, who was stabbed at Ports- j^^ham*^'^"'^''' mouth by a private Gentleman, John Felton. This F1.LT0N was a Souldier of a low stature, and no promising aspect ; of dis- position serious and melancholy, but religious in the whole course of his life and conversation; PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. <; conversation ; which last I do not mention out of purpose to countenance his un- lawful act, as supposing him to have had (as some did then talke) any inspiration or calling of God to it : His confessions to his friends, both publike and private, "were, That he had often secret motions to that purpose, which he had resisted and prayed against, and had almost overcome, untill he was at last confirmed in it, by reading the late dissolved Parliament's Remonstrance against the Duke : That then his conscience told him it was just and laudable, to be the executioner of that man, whom the highest Court of Judicature,, the • Representative body of the Kingdome, had condemned' as a Traytor. But, let Posterity censure it as they please ; certain it is, that Felton did much repent him of the unlawfulnesse of the fact, out of no feare of death, or punishment here ; for he wished his hand to be cut-off before the execution, which his Judges could not doome by the Lawes of England. The King had hot long before broken-off another Parliament, called in the A second Parlia- second yeare of his Reigne, in which the Petition of Right was granted, to the p^tk'fon'of Ri^\r^ great rejoycing of the people. But it proved immediately to be no reliefe at all granted, to them : for, the Parliament presently dissolved, the Kjng acted- over the same The King dissolves things, which formerly he had done ; and that grant, instead of fortifying the "• Kingdome's Liberty, made it appear to be more defencelesse than before, [^seeing] that I^awesr themselves were.no barre against the King's will. The Parliament, in, hope of gracious Acts, had declared an intent to give his Majesty five Subsidies; the full proportion of which five Subsidies was, after the dissolution of that Parliament, ^ exacted by Commission of Loane from the people, and those imprisoned which refused the payment of that Loane: .Great siims of money were required and raiied by privy Series : A Commission for squeezing the subject by way of Ex- - cize : Souldiers were billited upon them : And a designe laid to inslave the Nation by a force of German Horse : with many other things of that nature. Those affairs of State which concerned Confederates abroad, had been managed with as much disadvantage, and infelicity to them, as dishonour to the English .Nation, and prejudice to the Cause of Religion itselfe. Peace was made with Spaine without consent of Parliament ; by which all hope Peace with Spain, was utterly lost^ of re-establishing the King's neerest kindred in their just Domi- nion ; and tbe Protestant Religion much weakened in Germany. What Counsells had then influence upon the Court of England, might be the amazement of a wiSe man to consider ; ?nd the plaine truth must needs seeme a paradox to posterity ; as that the Protestant Religion, both at home and abroad, should suffer much by -the Government of two Kings; of whom the former in his own person wrote more learnedly in defence of it ; and the latter in his owne person lived more conformably to the Rules of it ; than any of their Contemporary Princes in Europe. But the Civil Affaires of State were too ill managed, to protect^ or at least to propagate, true Religion; or else the neglect of Religion was the cause that Civill Affaires were blessed with no more honour and prosperity. The right waies of Queen Elizabeth, who advanced both, had been long ago forsaken, and THE HISTORY OF THE and the deviation gre\5r daily farther, and more fatall to the Kingdom. Which appeared in a direct contrariety to all particulars of her Reigne. Titles of Honour were made more honourable by her, in being conferred sparingly, and therefore • probably upon great desert ; which afterwards were become of lesse esteem, by being not onely too frequently conferred, but put to open sale, and made too often the purchase of Mechannicks, or the reward of vitious persons. The people rejoiced At the Death of that Duke, the people were possessed of an unusuall joy, at the death of the which they openly testified by such expressions as indeed were not thought fit Duke of Bucking- ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^.^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ tragicaU and sad an accident, which in a chris- tian consideration might move compassion, whatsoever the offences of the man were. To such people that distick of Seneca might give answer: Res est sacra miser ; veli mea tangere fa'a : Sacrilega Bustis abstinuire manus. Sacred is woe ; touch not my death with scome v Even sacrilegious hands have Tombs forborne. And it-may be that God was offended at the excesse of their joy, in that he quickly let them see, the benefit was not so great to them as they expected by it ; but his , judgements are too high for men to search'. True it is, that the people in gene- rail loving the King*s Person, and very unwilKng to hartiQur the least opinion of , ill in him, looked-upon the Duke as the onely hinderance of the Kingdomes happinesse ; supposing, that, though other Statesmen might afterwards arise, of as bad or worse intentions, than the Duke ; yet none wouldhave so great a power for execution of them ; nor any other Genius be ever found, to have so great a mastery over the King's Genius; But it is certaine, that men did much therefore rejoyce at the death of this Duke, because they did before much feare what mis- chiefe might befall a Kingdome, where that man, who knew himselfe extremely hated by the people, had all the 4teyes of the Kingdome in his hand, as being Lord-Admirall and Warden of the Cinque-Ports ^ having the command of all the Souldiers, and the onely power to reward and raise them. A third Parliament These joyfes and hopes of men listed not long : for in the same year (being the mosremrnenr^Ji^^°"''^h of King Charles) and after the death of the Duke of Buckmgham,, bers aie imprisoned another Parliament was dissolved; and then the Priviledges of that high Court and persecuted. were more broken than ever before. Six Members of the House of Commons, who had been forward in vindicating the Priviledges of Parliament, were committed * close Prisoners for many moneths together, without the liberty of using books, pen, inke, and paper, while they were detained in this condition j and not ad- mitted to baile according to Law : They were also vexed with informations in inferiour Courts ; where they were sentenced and fined for matters done in Parlia- ment J and the payment of such Fines extorted from them. Some were enforced to put-in security of good behaviour, before they could be released: The rest wha PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 9 who refused to be bound, were detained divers yeares after in custody, of whom Sir John Elliot dies one Sir John Elliot, a Gentleman of able parts, that had been forwardest inof '^'^«'P"sonment. expression of hijnselfe for the freedome of his Country, and in taxing the unjust actions of the Duke of Buckingham, while that Duke lived (though the truth be^ that those Speeches of his were no other than what carried the publi ;ke con- sent in them ) dyed by the harsheness of his Hnprisonment, which would admit of no relaxation, though, for health*s sake, he petitioned for it often, and his Physi- tian gave-in testimony to the same purpose. The freedome that Sir John Elliot used in Parliament, was by the people in general applauded, thpugh much taxed by the Courtiers, and censur'd by some of a more politike reserve (considering the times) in that kind that Tacitus censures Thraseas Pcetus, as thinking such freedom a needlesse, and therefore a foolish, thing, where no cure could be hoped by it, ^ihi periculum, nee aliis lilertatem^ After the breaking- off this Parliament (as the Historian speaketh of Roman The. People lose But in Scotland it was once quite ruinedj and^had been by degrees built-up again^, tiot without many difficulties; — not without great reluctancy of the Peeres, Gentry, and most of the Ministers ; —not without extraordinary interposition of Regal Au- thority, and great art used by two Kings in managing the businesse, arid raising it to that height in which it then stood ; as you may reade at large in some late Writers of that Kingdome. Neither were the Peeres and Gentry of that Kingdome so impatient of this new yoake, oiiely out of zeale to preservation of Religion in purity, (though that, no doubt, were their greatest reason ; that Church having been ever much addicted to the Reformation of Geneva and those othe^ Churches, as it appeared by their gresft unwillingF'esse to receive those few Ceremonies of the English Church, at their Synod of Perlh;') but also as being loath to suffer any diminution of their Tem- poral Liberties; which could not be avoided in admittance of EpiscopalJurisdic- tion, and was manifested in that Kingdome, by divers examples of rigorous pro- ceedings, which some Bishops used against Gentlemen of quality, by way of Fines and Imprisonments, and the like ; which particulars are too large to be here in- serted in this Narration. The King^endsa In the yeare 1637, a Book e of Liturgy was composed, and sent out of England, Booke of Common^ (which they complained of, because it was not before allowed by their Church in the "Churches of ^ National Synod, as was fit for a businesse of so great import) with an expresse Scotland. A. D. 1637. command from the King, that they should reverently receive it, and publikely reade it in their Churches, beginning on Easter-day, and so forward ; against which time the Privy Council of ^cof/as^ had coin-manded that every Parish should buy two, at-the least, of them. That Ser^ice-Booke was the same with the Common-Prayer Booke of England^ excepting some few alterations, of which some (as they observed) were alterations for the better, but others for the worse. For the better, they esteemed, that so many Chapters of the Apocrypha were not appointed to be read, as in the Elnglish Prayer-Booke ; and where the English re- tained the old vulgar Latine Translation, especially in the Psalmes; that Booke followed the last 'IVanslation, commonly called that of King James. Those alterations for the worse w ere divers, observed by the Scots, especially in the Lord's Supper, of wfeich some were these : The ejspresse command for situation of the Altar, (so called) to the Easterne Wall ; together whh maiiy,.pos- tures of the Minister, whilest he officiated, expressed in their exceptions ; but especially this, that in the consecrating prayer, those words, which in the English Common Prayer Booke, are directly against Transubstantiaiion, were quite left- out in that Booke, and instead'of them, such other words, as in plain sense agreed with the Roman Masse-Booke. As for example : Heare us, O most merciful Father, end of thy Omnipotent gmlnesse-granl, so to blcsse and sanctifie by thy IV or d and Spirit, these crcaures of tbread and wine, that they may be to us the body and biood of thy beloved Sonne. -Many other alterations the Scots have observed and expressed in their writings, PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 2d and, in one word, affirmed, that, wheresoever that Booke varies from the EngllsTi liturgy, it approaches directly to the Roman Missall ; and offered to prove, that all the material parts of the Masse-Booke are seminally there. It was thought by many, that, if the Booke, jwithout any alteration at all, had been sent into Scotland, though the Scots, perhaps, would not have received it, they would not have taken it in so evil part : And it might have been construed onely as a brotherly invitation to the same service which 'England used. But what the reasons were of those alterations, I ^nde no where expressed, but onely where the King, in his Declaration concerning -that businesse, is pleased to say thus: WE, supposing that they might have taken some offence, if we sAom/^/ The King's deciara- have tendred them the English Service-Booke, totidern verbis ; «nc^ sL'idb^ok'^ofComm^ that some factious spirits would have endeavoured to have misconstrued ^'^'^y^'- it, as a badge of dependance of that Church upon this of England, zehich zi^e had put upon them to the prejudice of their Lawes and Liber- ties; He held it fitter that a new Booke should be composed by their ownt Bishops, in substance not differing from this a/" England, that so the Roman Party might not upbraid us with any weighty or material differences in our Liturgyes ; and yet in some few insensible alterations, differing from it, that it might truly and justly be reputed a Booke of ^ that Churches owne composing, and established by Our Boy at Au- thority, as King o/'Scotlan.i>. These were the King's expressions, which, as it seemed, were not satisfactory to the Scots in that point. For they -were (as it before specified) not well-affected to their owne Bishops, whose power and jurisdiction over them was rather enforced than consented-to. Neither did they suppose that a conformity in Church Worship, had it been such as their consciences could well have imbraced, had beene any badge of their de- pendancy upon England, as being a people not conquered, but united in an equal freedome under the same King. Besides, they could not relish it well, thafthe Archbishop of Canterbury, and other English Bishops, who in many, points of 'Ceremony and Worship, which they accounted things tolerable, did make as neere approaches to the Church of Rome, as possibly they could ; for no other reason (as they professe in their writings) than that they laboured to bring union into the Christian Church, if it were possi- ble; should now invite the Church of Scotland (whom they accounted more puri- tanical than themselves) to union, by a quite contrary way ; as, instead of framing their Service neerer to the Scottish profession and Discipline, to urge them to a Liturgy more Popish than their own : So that it seemed, for unity they were con- tent to meet Rome, rather than Scotland, To 22 THE HISTORY OF THE To retume to the Narration ; The Service-Booke, according to the King's command, was offered to the Church of Scotland, and the Council there, and published by Proclamation ; a day for the reading of it in all Churches appointed, which was the Easter-day following, J 637. But then upon some considerations, and further trial of mens minds (as the King declares) the first reading, of it was put-off until the 23d of July next ensu- ing, to the end that the Lords of the Session (their Session being the same with the Terme in England) and others, who had any Law-businesse, might see the successe of it before the rising of the Session, which alwaies endeth upon the first of Jugust ; and that so, upon their retume into their several Countries, they . might report the receiving of this Booke at Edenburgh; it being ordered, That on that Sunday the Booke should be read only in the Church of Edenburgh, and some other Churches neere adjacent ; and warning was printed, and published in those several Pulpits, the Sunday before, " that it was to be read," The said Booke of On the 23d day of July, being Sunday, the Booke was read in Saint Gy/« fead i^"thrg?rat '' Church,, commonly called, the great Church at Edenburgh, where were present. Church at Eden- many of the Privy Council, both Archbishops, and divers other Bishops, the burgh,July23,i637. Lords of the Session, the Magistrates of Edenburgh, and a great auditory of all sorts. It is opposed in a But the people, especially the meanest vulgar, (for they first appeared against it) ^e^peoX^""^'^ ^' ^P^ ^°™^ women, expressed so great a detestation of the Booke, not onely in words and outcries, but actions ; that the City-Magistrates were troubled much to get the Service performed ; and the Bishop who read it, coming out of the Churchy had probably beene slaine by the multitude, if he had not been rescued by a Nobleman. Between the two Sermons the Council and Magistrates met about preventing future tumults ; but, though the Booke were read more quietly in the aftemoone, yet the tumult was farre greater after evening Prayer, from the people who had stayed in the streets ; and the Bishop, in the Earle of Roxborough his Coach, hardly escaped from being stoned to death. The greatest men and Magistrates of Edenburgh, to excuse themselves to the King (some of them also writing to the Archbishop of Canterbury) layed all the fault upon the Rabble ; for as yet none of quality had appeared, insomuch as that the Privy Council and Magistrates of Edenburgh, the next morning, held some consultation about finding-out and punishing the ringleaders of that uproare. The reading of it is But not long after, upon the appearing of some others of higher ranke, and the KUig's'^fuFther Petitions from divers Ministers, " That the reading of that Booke might be a while pleasure is known. " respited, till his Majesty might be further petitioned and informed ;" the Coim- cil yeelded so far, as that it should not be urged by the Bishops, till his Majes- ties pleasure were further knowne. Upon which, many Gentlemen and Ministers, who had resorted to Edenburgh with Petitions not long before, returned in part satisfied to their oWne habitationsj and at many places met-together, with fastings, and Prayer, That God would be pleased PAUL! \MENT 01? ENGLAND. 2$ pleased to direct the King's heart in that way which they conceived most conducible to the happinesse of the Church and State of Sco'land. Upon the 1 8th of October following, harvest being now ended, a great conflux ' of all sorts was at Edenburgb, to heare what the King was pleased to determine of the businesse ; where they fiude an Edict against them, " That, upon paine of being The King publishes guilty of Rebellion, all should, within few houres warning, depart the City ; and cUifmfoffdi'n- ^^^ because the Citizens of Edenburgh had twice tumultuously opposed the Prayer- burgh. October is, Booke, and assaulted the Bishop of Edenburgh ; as a punishment to that City, i^^^- the Terme v;as to be removed to the Burgh of Linliihgcw ; and the next Ternie, after the ordinary vacants, to be held at the Burgh of Dtmdie^ there to remaine during his Majesties pleasure." The Petitioners (as they were then called) were much moved at this Edicts and on the 19th of that October, presented to the Privy-Council a great complaiiit against the Bishops, whom they conceived to be the Authors of all this businesse, and desired justice against them, as well for other crimes, as for intrpducijjg, con- trary to Law, that superstitious and idolatrous Book. To this complaint a great num_ber of all ranks subscribed, and professed to the Council, that they could not depart out of Edenburgh till some way were fo9n4- out to settle the present grievances. Whiiesi they stayed there, their number daily increased, frcwn all the remotest The ppposers of the Provinces, so that the Council were enforced to give way, that till the King's plea- commTs^kTnen td* sure were yet further knowne, they might chuse some out of their number of all represent them, ranks, to represent the rest, and follow the cause in the name of all the rest : •Upon which they chose foure of the higher Nobility, foure of the lower ranke ?f Nobility, as representers of Provinces ; as many Burgess^ of Townes ; juad foure Pastors, as representers of the Classes ; having settled tfcis, the rest qwi^etly de- parted to their owne homes. The King, hearuig of these things, sent a command to the Council of Eden- burgh, not to take upon themselves any more the decision of this controversies which he reserved in his owne power : And Proclamation was made in December, 1637, concerning the King's intentions, that they were not to infringe the Ljtwes or Liberties of the Kingdome. When therefore the Commissioners petitioned the Council to give way to them, to bring their Actions against the Bishops, the Council answered. That the King had commanded them to receive no more Petitions, against either the Bishops, or Booke of Service. Whereupon the Commissioners, discontented, prepare a Protestation against the King's Council, declaring. That what mischiefe soever might afterwards ensue, was to be all imputed to the King's Council, for denying Justice. The Council, fearing what effects might follow, desired the Bishops to absent These Commission- themselves, and gave leave to the Commissioners to appeare before them ; where STOtc^Bish" ps^as^ 'the Lord of Lowden, in name of all the rest, made an Oration, in which, charging being the advisers of the Bishops with other crimes, besides these stirres, he desired them to be alto- *^^ introduction of « , ttie new service- gether book. 24 THE HISTORY OF THE * gefther removed from the Council-Table, till they had answered and cleered them- selves. To the like purpose spake one of the Ministers. The Council seemed sorry, that it lay not in their power (since the King's Command was peremptory) to give satisfection to thei^ desires ; but intreated their patience for so small a time, as till they might againe receive notice of his ' Majesties pleasure. The Eart of Tra- The King, further certified by them, sent for the Earle of Traquare into ltirlin''eaPr^oclania- ^"^^^"'^j who was soone dispatched againe into Scotland; jmd in February, tion of the K^n^in J 638^ caused the King's Mandate in Sterlin (where the Couqpil then sate) to be notification of the published. 1638?^^'"^ * '^"^'^^' The Proclamation declared, that the Bishops were wrongfully accused, as Au- thors of sending the Prayer-Booke ; That his Majesty himselfe was Author of k, and all was done by his Command ; That he condemned all tumultuous pro- ceedmgs of his Subjects to exhibite Petitions, or complaints, against the innocent Bishops, and Booke of Lfturgy, and all subscriptions to that purpose hitherto, as conspiring against the publick peace ; pronouncing pardon to those which repented, and the punishment of High Treason to such as persisted ; promising to heare the |ust Complaints of his Subjects, so they offended not in matter or forme. The Commissioners ' After the Proclamation was made at Sterlin, the Earl of Home, Lord Lind- make a protestation SEY, and Others, in name of all the Petitioners, made a Protestation against it ; against the Service- ^j^j^.^ Protestation was afterward repeated at Lithgow, and last at Edenburgh. The effect of that Protestation was (for we cannot here insert, it at larges) That the Service-Booke was full of Superstition and Idolatry, and ought not to be intruded upon them, without ccmsent of a National Synod, which in such cases should judge ; That it was unjust to deny them liberty to accuse the Bishops, being guilty of high crimes, of which till they were cleered, they did reject the Bishops as Judges or Govemours of them. They protested also against the High- Commission Court, and justified their owne meetings, and superscriptions to Peti- tions, as being to defend the glory of God, the King's Honour, and Liberties qf the Realme. This Protestation was read in the Market-place at Sterlin, and the Copy himg-up in publike. CHAP. CHAP. IV. The Scots enter into a Covenant. The Marquesse Ha- milton is sent thither Jrom the King. A National Synod is granted to them, but dissolved within few daies by the Marquesse, as Commissioner from the King. The King declares against the Covenanters, and raises an Army to subdue them-, From SterUn the Commissioners resorted to Edenburgh, whither many from all parts met to consult of the present businesse ; and concluded there to renew solemnly among them that Covenant, which was commonly called. The lesser Confession of the Church of Scotland, or, The Confession of the King's family ; which was made and sealed under King James hishand,lintheyeare 1580, and after-, wards confirmed by all the Estates of the Kingdome, and Decree of the National Synod in 1581. "Which Confession was againe subscribed by all sorts of persona in Scotland, in the year 1590, by authority of Council and National Synod ; and a Covenant added to it, for defence of true Religion, and the King's Majesty ; which Covenant the aforesaid Lords, Citizens, and Pastoursj in the yeare 1638, did renew, and tooke another according to the present occasion. The Covenant itselfe (expressed at large in the Records of that Kingdome) The Scots enter iato consisted of three principal parts : The first was a re-taking, word for word, of ^^^"J^^f J°;*|^,j. that old Covenant, 1580, confirmed by Royal Authority, and two National gion. in l-ebruary. Synods, for defence of the purity of Religion, and the King's Person and Rights, i<538. against the Church of Rome. The second part contained an enumera,tion of all the Acts of Parliament made in Scotland, in defence of the reformed Religion, both in Doctrine and Discipline, against Popery. The third was an application of that old Covenant to the present State of things, where, as in that all Popery, so in this all Innovations in those Bookes of Liturgy E unlawfully gg ^HE HISTORY OF THE unlawfuily obtruded upon them, are abjured ; and a preservation of the King's Person and Authority ; as likewise a mutual defence of each other j in this Cove- nant, are swome-unto. _ . The King makes ob. Against this Covenatit the King, much displeased, made these foure principal jections to this Co- objections : First, By what authority they entred into this Covenant ? or presumed venant. ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ q^^^ f^^^ ^j^^jj. fellow- Subjects ? Secondly, if they had power to command the new-taking of this Oath, yet what power had they to interpret it to their present occasion ? it being a Teceived Maxime, That no lesse authority can interpret a Law than that which made it, or the Judges appointed by that Autho- rity to give sentence upon it. Thirdly, What power they had to adde any thing to it, and interpose a new Covenant of mutual assistance to each xjther, agaanst any other power tliat should oppose them, none expepted'? -And, fourthly. That all Leagues of Subjects anaong themselves, without the privity and ^probatiaa of the King, are declared to be seditious by two Parliaments in Seofland, one jof the tenth Parliament of James the Sixth, Act the twelfth j and the other the ifeenth Act of the ninth Parliament of Queene Mary. What answer the Covenanters made to these objectionis, and what arguments Ae jKing used to enforce the contrary, are laargeJy expisessed in many writings ; being such, indeed, as not onely then, ,but since, in the sad calamities of England, have been discoursed-of in ■whole volumes ; containing all that can te -said -ton- Tcerning the true Rights and Priviledges of Princes and People. TheCovenintJssub- The Covenant, notwithstanding, was generally subscribed by all there present at the ProtestaliTsTn ^" Edmbufgh, in Fehribary, 16S8, and Copies of it sent-^road to those who were Scotland before ihe absent, and were so fast sulDscrjbed by them also, that, before the end of April, he end of April, 1638. ^^s Scarce accounted one of the Reformed Religion, that bad not subscribed to this Covenant. And the Church and State were divided into two names, of Cove- nanters, and Non- Covenanters J the Non -Covenanters consisting, first, of Papists, whose ttumber was thought small in Scotland, scarce exceeding six hundred: Se- condly, of some Statesmen in Office and favour at that time : Thirdly, of some, who, though they were of the Reformed Religion, were greatly affected to the Cere- monies of Eti^kind and the Booke of Common-Prayer. Many Sishops at that time came from thence to the Court of England, and three Lords of the Council of Scotland, whom the Xing iiad sent-for, to advise about the rfairjes of that Xingdoihe ; where, after many debates what course to take, whether of reducing the Covenanters by Armes, or using more gentle meanes: The King at last sent the -Marquesse Hamilton, together with those three Lords, into Scotland. The Marquis <,f Vz- The Marqu£sse .arrived at :X)w/AeiA, and within few dales entred Edenburgk, in ;sco'tiandby"thr " "^"^c, ibcing met and conducted into the City by a great multitude of ^11 ranks, in HKing, in Jane, i63s. which number were seven hundred Pastors of Churches. The Marquesse, by theiKing's Command, dealt with the Covenanters, to re- nounce their Covenant, or else told them, there was no h^pe to obtaine a Na- tional PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAN-D, 27; tional Svnod, which they so much desired, for settling of the Church, which^ they affirmed, could not be done, without manifest perjury and profanation of God's Name. - But when nothing was agreed upon, they besought the Marquesse, at his returne into England, to present their humble desire to the King : But before his de- He publishes a Pro, parture, in July, he published the King's Proclamation, wherein his Majesty pro- ^?raation of the tests to defend the Protestant Religion ; and that he would no more presse upon s njuy. « s^ them the Booke of Canons, or Service-Booke, but by lawful Mediums ; That he would rectifie the High Commission, and was resolved to take a speedy opportunity of calling both a Parliament and a Synod. When the Proclamation was ended, the Covenanters read their Protestation ; The Covenanters of which the heads were : That they never questioned his Majesties sincerity in pake a Protestatioft the Protestant Religion ; That these grants of his were not large enough to cure ^" ^"'^^''^° ■'• the present distempers ; for he doth not utterly abolish that Service-Booke, nor the Kigh Commission, being both obtruded against all Law upon them ; That their meetings are not to be condemned in opprobrious words, being lawful, and ' such as they would not forsake, until the purity of Religion, and peace, might ' be fully settled by a free and National Synod. The Marquesse went into England, to returne at a prefixed day, the twelfth oi August. In the meane time the Scots keepe a solemne Fast; and the Cove- nanters, not hoping from the King so quick a call of a National Synod as the present malady required, published a writing, wherein they endeavour to prove. That the Church in such a condition may provide for itselfe ; That the power of calling a Synod, in case the Prince be an enemy to the truth, or negligent in pro-^ moling the Churchei good, is in the Church itselfe. And that the State of the Church of Scotland at that time was necessitated to such a course ; which they endeavour to prove by reciting all their particular grievances, and by answer- ing all arguments of the contrary side, for the Right of Princes, howsoever affected to Religion ; as appeares at large in their Tractate concerning the neces- sity of Synods. The Marquesse returned jnto Scotland before the appointed day, and brought ^^^ ^^'''5"'^ °*' Articles from the King, to which the Covenanters, if they would have either Par- to^he Covra°anters liament or Synod, were required to consent. certain Articles from But they utterly rejected those Articles, as too invalid for their purpose of j6|f'°^^"|g*Q^^ setling things; so that the Marquesse, fearing least the Covenanters, weary of de- venanteis reject layes, would call a Synod without staying the King's consent, earnestly per- *^"'- swaded them to forbeare it onely till his next returne from Court, whither he would presently go to perswade the King. Which request of his, with much ado, was granted by them, and the day for his returne appointed the 22 of September ; by which time, unlesse the Marquesse returned, it was free for the Covenanters to provide for their owne affaires. But the Marquesse, with singular diligence, prevented his day, and published E 3 the ^ THE HISTORY OF THE ' The Martjiiis pub- the King's Proclamarion, of which the chiefe heads were : First, The King, dii dama^onShe™' abrogate all Decrees of Council for the Booke of Canons and Common-Prayer, kt^Vin'septmber, and abrogate the High Commisson. Secondly, That none should be pressed to i«8«. the 'five Articles- of -PerfA. Thirdly, That Bishops should be subject to the cen- sure of a Synod, Fourthly, That no Oath should be given at Ordination of Pas- tors, but by Law of Parliament. Fifthly, that the lesser Confession of 1580. should be subscribed-to by all the Kingdome^ Sixtly, That the King called a Na- tidnal Synod, to/begin at Glasco the 2 1st of November, 1638, and a Parliament at Edenhwrgh the 15th oi May, 1639. Lastly, for peace sake, he would forget all their offences past. •The Covenanters, at the first hearingiof this peac^aL Message, were much joy- ed; but, looking tieerely into the words, they found (as they afBrme) That their precedent actions w^re tacitly condemned^ and the just freedoms qf a National Synod tahen-away. The Covenanteri Therefore, loath to bfe deceived, they -frame a Protestation, not (as theyjalledged) mdke a Protestotion nMs-doubting the candor of the King, but not trusting those in -favour with him ; by whose destructive Counsel they supposed it waSj that the -King had not shewed this clemency at first. The chiefe heads of their Protestation were these : Fifst, after humble thanks to God and the King, they conceived this grant no sufficient remedy for their «ores. ■For His Majesty calls that a panick feare in them, which was Upon no ima- ginary, but just, grounds, as a real mutation both of Religion and Lawes, by ob- trusion of those Boofces- directly popish. Secondly, whereas flie King in his former Mandates so highly extolled those fiookes, as most religious, and fit for the Church ; they could not be satisfied with a bare remission of the exercise of them, unlesse he would utterly abrogate and condemne them ; or else itching Innovators would not be wanting hereafter to raise new troubles to the Church about -them. Thirdly, the just liberty of National Synods is diminished, and Episcopacy set- up, they being allowed/ as Bidiops, though not deputed by the Churches, to give their voices in a Synod. . , ' If ScvERUS; theEmperour, were now re-edified. Those 33 -^AE HISTORY OF THE Those Courtiers that were of a graver discourse, did likewise seeme to feare the consequence of this businesse, and, I remember, would daily mention the Story of Ch AyiL^sDuke of Burgundy, his pressing of a Warre upon the &vt users', and what Phillip De Commines relates about the Battel of Granson, that the Duke lost to the value of three millions of Crownes ; all which he fondly ventured against so wretched a people, that it is there expressed, if all the Swissers had been taken Prisoners, they would not be able to pay a Ransom to the value of the Spurres and Bridle-bits in his Campe: And very frequent in their mouthes was that Verse : Curandum imprimis tie magna iajurmfial Fortibus & miseris. Take heed of offering too great injuries To people stout and poore. Juvenal. The King raises an army in England, against the Scots' Covenanters. But the people of England, though they abhorred the very thiought of that unnatural Warre; yet glad they seemed to be, that such an occasion happened, which might in reason necessitate the King to call an English Parliament, and so, by accident, redresse the many grievances of England: Which might also prevent the feare of such Warres for the future, and bring a just punishment upon those wha were found to be the Authors, or assistors, of this present disturbance. But the King, though resolved to pursue his designe of Warre, yet, rather than take the advice of a Parliament, was content to want the aid of it; and to seeke supplies of a lower condition. Great sums of money he borrowed from the chiefe Nobility ; and required proportionable Loanes from all the Judges and Officers ; but specially the Clergy, of all ranks, were liberal in contribution ta this War ; which was then called by many men, Bellum Episcopale. All Courtiers, as well entraordinary as .ordinary, were summoned to attend the King in Person with Horse and Armes, in a proportion suitable to their rankes. By whom, and such voluntiers of the Gentry as came-in to gaine His Majesties favour, with old Souldiers, that imbraced it as their profession, a gallant Army was The Array is assem- made-up, Yorke was appointed for the Rendezvouze, and the Earle of Arundell blcuflt Yorx under /~i j ■ i_* r- the cdmmand of the t.ommander m chiete. £arl of Arundel. The King, as it was well knowne, had beene advertised by many, and especially by the prosecuted Bishops, who were fled out of Scotland, that the Scottish Covenan- ters were in no sort able to resist him; That scarce any Engh'sh Army at all would be needful to fight, but ohely to appeare, and His Majesty would finde a party great enough in Scotland to do the worke. And, indeed, much might have been done in that kinde, if the Lords of the Cove- nant had not used a most dexterous and timely prevention, which is as necessary in a defensive, as in an offensive, Warre. For besides the feared incursion of the English upon their Borders, and what invasion the Deputy of Ireland, on the Westerne Coast, might make, together with PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 33 with the Earle of Antrim, and his Forces from the Hebrides; the Marquesse Huntley in the North, and Marquesse Duclas towards the Southerne parts, v.'ith the Earle of Heth, were to be feared, and the Towne of Aberdeen to be secured , before it could fortifie to receive the King's Fleet. All which, with tiniely care, was undertaken and provided- against by several '^''le Scots take vigo- Lords, as AkoiLE for the West, Montrosse for the North, Colonel Monroe ^"e^e^ofScoUand! for the South. The niost considerable forts in that Kingdome were taken-in at the beginning,, without any blood or resistance, and furnished by them with Ammunition, as Edenburgh, and Dun-Britain ; and the Haven of Leeth, to secure Edenburgh, sud- denly fortified. AIJ Neuters, or suspected persons, they disarmed vrithout tumult. The Castle of Valketh they scaled and tooke, with all the warlike provision which had beene brought into it by Marquesse Hamilton the yeare before. In, that Castle they found the King's Crowne, Scepter and Sword ; which, in great state and solemnity, were carried from thence by the greatest Noblemen, and layed-up in Edenburgh Castle. , The Covenanting Lords at the same time published a long Remonstrance,, in answer to the King's Proclamation against them, the 27th February, and to satisfie the people of England concerning their proceedings and intents. The Marquesse Hamilton arrived at Forth with a Fleet in May, and sent letters to the Governour of Edenburgh to obey the King's Commands, and especially ta publish in Edenburgh that Proclamation, which had been by the King proclaimed at Torke,^ upon the 25th of ^pril; wherein, among other things, the, Rents and Pebts due to Covenanters, from Tenants and other, are forbidden to be paid to, them. The Governour desired the Marquesse to expect an answer till the Parlia- ment sate, which was to begin within few daies ; who, [when they were assembled,]! returned answer to the Marquesse, That they could not in that obey his Command, for many reasons, expressed at large in their Commentaries. In the meane time the King commanded the Parliament to dissolve, which imr mediately obeyed ; And, being threatned with Warre on every side, elected Sir Alexander Lesley, an experienced Commander in the German Warres, to be „. their great General ; to whom all the greatest Earles and Lords of the Covenant, Alexander Lesley swore obedience in all warlike Commands ; taking an Oath of him for performance for the General of of his duty J and immediately betook themselves every man to his charge, through-. *''^''^ ^'^'"^" out all parts of the Kingdome, according as they were commanded by Lesley. Whitest the Armies on both sides advanced forward, and no. decision of this, difference seemed with reason to be hoped-for, but such as the stroke of Warre- must allow ; the Scottish Covenanters did, neverthelesse, continue their first course of petitioning the King ; and, by many addresses to him, protested their loyalty to. his Crowne and Person ; and did not omit by Letters au4 Messages, to solicite, as F Advocatesjt 3% tliE HISTORY OF THE Advocates, those English Noblemen, whom they esteemed the best and truest Patriots, as the Earles of Essex, Pembrooke, and Holland, as supposing that this Warre was not approved-of by any that were firme to the Caluse of Religion and Liberties of both Kingdomes, (for so themselves expresse it.; The Earle of Dumferling, having free passage about that time to the English Army, assured his fellow- Covenanters, that those Noble fore-named Earles, and almost all the English Nobility, were much averse from this Warre, and favourers of their suit to the King. Which did so much encourage the Covenanters to continue their humble Petitions A treaty of Peace to the King, (and -God being pleased to give his blessing) that, after some few ancTtlTe'scrts^'o^en- Messages to and fro, the King was pleased to give leave, thait six of them should ed on the loih of come and personally treat at the Earle of Arundell his Tent, .upon the tenth of June, ) 639. June, wim some of the English Nobility ; at which Discourses, some few dales after, the King himselfe vouchsafed to be present : At last, after many humble ex- pressions of the Covenanters, and some -expostulations of the King with them, by the happy mediation of wise and noble Counsellors, a Pacification was solemnly made upon suth- Articles as gave ftill satisfaction to all parties, save onely that the Scottish Covenanters were not pleased with some expressions which the King had used in the Preface to the Pacificatory Edict, as calling their late Synod, Pseudo- Synodus Glasguensis ; and aspersing their proceedings in Arnies, with such Epi- thites, as tumultuous, illegal^ and rebellious. Which notwithstanding, at the humble suit of them, the King was pleased to moderate, to expunge some of those harsh phrases ; as likewise to explaine more cleerely other ambiguous sentences, to take-away all suspicions from peoples hearts • the Copies of which were delivered to divers of the English Nobility, who had taken faithful paints in procuring that happy peace ; that, if any doubts should af. ;terwards happen, their judgements might be taken concerning the intention of the writing. The King also declared, for satisfaction of the Scots, That, though his expressions at some places might seeme harsh, yet his meaning to-them was never the worse- 1 hat care must be taken of his owne reputation in forraigne parts ; and that litiga- tion about words was vaine, when the matter was cleere, and their suit wholly ;granted. The King granted them a'free National Synod, to be holden upon the sixth of August following, and aParliamentto begin upon the 20th dayof thesameMoneth to corifirme and ratifie what the Synod should decree ; which the Scots thankfully receive, esteeming that to be the only proper and efficacious way to settle a finne peace both la Church and State. They were also joyful, that the King had promised to be there himselfe in person. But that hope afterwards failed them ; for the King^excused himselfe af- firming, that urgent and weighty affaires at London, as he was certified by Letters from --his Queen and Council, required hispresence there ; but that he would send a Deputy PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. g^jf a Deputy thither, with full power to make good whatsoever he had promised ; which was the Earle of Traquare. This Pacification, to the great joy of good men, was solemnly concluded on the The Pacification is 1 8th of June, 1639, and both Armies, within eight and forty houres5.to be disbanded: '^g['h''f j'^^^J' *gg(. which was accordingly done, and both the English and Scots returned home^ praising God ; who, without any effusion of b|ood, had compounded this differences and prevented a Warre so wickedly designed.. But that joy lasted not long ; for the Earle of Traquare, the King's Commia- The Scottish Parlia- sioner, could not agree with the Scottish Parliament;, the Scots complaining, that ',",g"^'j^°'2Pj.s'^'^'t *^^. nothing was seriously performed, which the King had promised at the Pacification ; form the articles of as shall more appeare afterward. '^'^ Pacificatiotu But, however it were, within a little time ajSter that the King had been at Lon- don, that paper which the Scots avowed to contaifie the true conditions of that Pacification, was by the King disavowed, and commanded by Proclamation to be burned by the hands of the hangman :, though the Contents of that Paper were not named at all in the Proclamation, nor the people of England acquainted with any of them. Which put the English in great feare that the former Counsels of divisions yet prevailed in the Courtj especially discerning a shew of preparatioij: for Warre againe. But (leaving the Scots at their Parliament a while,) in the meane time, the Lord The Lord Went- Wentworth, Deputy of Ireland, arrived in England, and was received by the England.. King with great expressions of grace and favour, dignified with a higher Title, and And is created Earl created Earle of Strafford. of Strafford, Great was the expectation of all the English, what might be the effect of his coming-over ; great was the opinion which men in general had conceived of his ability and parts ; looking at him as the ondy hinge, upon which the State was now likely to turne. But very different and various were the conjectures of Gentlemen at that tiine, in their ordinary discourses, (for I will relate the truth,) what use this great Statesman would make of his ability and favour. Some (as they wished) did seeme to hope, when they considered his first right Principles, that whatsoever he had acted since his greatnesse, was but to ingratiate himselfe perfectly with the King ; that so at last, by his wisdome and favour, he might happily prevaile both upon the King's judgement and affection, and carry him from those evil Counsels which he had long beene nurtured-in, to such waies as should render him most honourable and happy ; That the Earle was so vri§e as to understand what most became a wise man, and would make greatnesse be- loved and permanent. But others durst not hope so much from him, when they considered his Government in Ireland, and the ambition of the man : They feared that neither his vertue was great enough to venture his owne fortunes, by opposing any evil Counsels about the King, nor his favour great-enough to prevaile m over-ruling ; That he was sent-for onely to compleat that bad worke, which others, of lesse braine than he, had begun. F 2 Which 35 THE HISTORY OF THE Which [badworke] he would sooner venture to do, than to make himselfe thfc author ofanew and good one; seeing,it hath befen observed, that few Statesmen have ever opposed Princes, but rather seconded and assisted them in their bad inclinations. From whence it comes, that few Statesmen have converted Princes from ill courses, but been themselves perverted from that goodnesse which seemed to be before in them. Historians, therefore, neither imputed the goodnesse of Augustus to Marcus Agrippa, or Statilius Taurus ; nor the faults of Tiberius to Se- jANus. According to that sentence of Machiavel, Recta consilia, a quocunque » profi)>cuntur, aPrincipis prudentid ; non autem Prindpis prudentia a rectis consiliis derivaiur. The king declares an At that time the King declared to his Council an intention that he had of calling intention of calling a Parliament m. Endand. to begin in ^Sn/ "following. The people seemed to an English Parha- , - & » & , . V t» i- ^ u ^ r j c ^i, ment, to meet in Wonder at SO great a novelty as the naihe of a Paruament; but feared some rurtner April, 1640. designe, because it was so long deferred : whilest, in the meane time, preparations TheEarlofStraflfiirdfor a Warre against Scotland seemed to go forward, and the Deputy of Jrelavd returns to^ Ireland in ^^g gj.g^ ^^ go-over, and summon a Parliament in Ireland, which he accordingly summon an Irish did, crossing the Seas about the end of December. ■Parliament. What worke he was to do there, the people knew not, but wished that the English Parliament might have begun before the Scottish businesse had proceeded too farre ; which Lmeeting of the English Parliament] they supposed, might happily prevent so sad a Warre, and save those charges which would before April grow upon such warlike preparations, and require a supply from thatParliament : [for] that it were better to prevent such a necessity than purposely to stay till that necessity were made. TPhe Parliament of O"^ the 18th day of that December, the Earleof Traquare, by a Command Scotland is proro- from the King, under his Privy Scale, broke-up the Parliament in Scotland, and '^rembe**l^'9,°^ P''°''°g"^'^ ^^ ^'^^ ^^^ second day oi June in the following yeare. The Scots complained that it was a new example and breach of their liberties, not heard-of hefore in twenty ages; That a Parliament, fully assembled, and com- pleat in all her Members, whilest tusinesse of moment was depending, should be 'dissolved without the consent of the House itselfe ; That, whatsoever Kings in other Kingdomes might do, it concerned not them to enquire ; but it was absolutdy against their Lawes, according to which, the King had lately promised them he would onely proceed. Traquare, immediately upon the dissolution of the Scottish Parliament, hastened to the Court of Engkmd to certifie ihe King of all proceedings. The Scots send four -^-nd tile Pa:rliament- Deputies of Scotland dispatched-away, with special in- Earls, as their Com- structlons to the King, also foure Commissioners, the Earles of Dumferling and KStocoa:;il%fLoWBEN_, DuGI^ASSE, and BARCLAY. his breaches of the Their instructions were, That before the King himselfe, not the Council of late Pacification. England (because of the independency of that Kingdome) they should complaine of those injuries, and intreat fedresse, which had. been offered to them since the Pacification ; 'Ihe dissolving of their Parliament ; the Garrisoning of Edenburgh Castle with three times as many [soldiers] as would serve for defence ; The gar- risoning PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. ^7 "risoning of Dun- Britain 'Cz.st\e with Eng)ish Souldiers ; Xl^at the Scots trading in England, but more especially in Ireland, were enforced to ne\y Oathes, damning their late Covenant, and contrary to the Articles of Pacification. They sent withal an information to the English Nation in general, touching all their proceedings and intentions, and expressing at large Cas may jse there read) what particular injuries they had received since the Pacification, and hpw much contrary to that Agreement. The foure Scottish forenamed Commissioners, after some audiences bpfqre the The king commits King, and divers of his English Council, were in ^arch committed to Prison, the *h^ **'",■" Scottish King intending shortly to charge then^, the Parliament l^eipg neerp; Lowden toprison, in March, the Tower, and the other three to other custody. 1639-40. About this time the Earle of Strafford, returning out of Irelaxi,(i, -yyhere he The Earl of Strafford 'had held a short Parliament, and gotten foure Subsidies from them, carqe tp the P°™«* "Y^"" .'° '^"S- King againe ; and, the English Parliament being presently to begin, an actusation 1040.^^*"*' '° ^ "was drawne against Lowden, then Prisoner in the Tower, concerning a Letter written from the Scottish Covenanters to the French King; to which Epistle the said Earle had set his hand. The matter of accusation was. That the Scots, weary of obedience to their owne King, bad recourse to a forraigne Prince for assistance, and by that meanes might -draw the Armies of France into this Island. His answer was. The Letter was written in May, 1639, when Scotland was threatned with a grievous invasion, and they had notice, that, by Ambassadors and Agents, their Cause was represented odious to all forraigne Princes and States j That their intention was to clear themselves from those aspersions abroad, and es- pecially to the King of France, whose Ancestors had been ancient friends to the Kingdome of Scotland; and for feare least that King might possibly be wrought- upon to be their Enemy otherwise. That it was not to draw Warlike assistance from the King of France (which neverthelesse they thought lawful in an extreame necessity and persecution) but only his mediation in their behalf to their owne King ; and that the Letter, well examined, would beare no other sense ; Though there were mention of aid, yet their secret instructions to their Messenger had specified what kinde of aid it was which they desired ; But, howsoever, they alledged, that the draught of that Letter did not then please them, nor was it at all consented-to, nor intended to be sent ; besides that, the Superscription^ To the King, at which so great excepdon was ' taken, as, if they acknowleuged the French King for their Soveraigne, was not written at all by them, but added by some Enemy after that it was gotten-out of their hands. Besides all this, the thing was done before the Pacification and Act -of Obhvion- and ought not now to be remembred against them. Whether their ' answer were sufficient or not, true it is, that nothing at ail was made of that businesse, though the King himselfe at the beginning of the English Parliament, mentioned it against the Scots, as a proofe of their disloyalty, and justification of those War- ■ like preparations which he had made against them. The 38 THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. The Scots %ewA an The Scots, in the meane time, had written to the English Parliament a large address to theFnghsh Justification of all their proceedings, intreating them, by the way of Brotherly advice, tification of their To be wary in vindicating their owne Laives and Liberties, to frustrate the designe proceeding's. qf those evil Counsellors, who had procured this Parliament for no otfier end, than to arme the King with warlike supplies against his Scottish Subjects, and by that Warre to enslave, if not ruine, both the Nations ; That, after so many violations and dissolutions of Parliaments in England^ this was not called to redresse griev- ances, but to be so over-reached (if they were not careful and couragiousj that no possibility should be left for the future of redressing any ; That some dangerous practise might be well suspected, when, at the same time, a Parliament was denyed to Scotland, though promised by the word of a King ; granted to England, when not expected ; and obtruded upon Ireland, when not desired. Many particulars of that nature were expressed in the Scottish Remonstrance. CHAP. $9 CHAP. VI. The Parliament beginneth in England, but is soone dis- solved. The Clergy continue their Convocation. The Scots enter into England. Some passages of the Warre. A Parliament is called to begin on th^ third of No- vember. A Truce betweene the Armies for two MonetJis. PON the thirteenth of April the Parliament began; when the King produced The English Partia- "• • - . . ~ . . . __ . — nient meets on the U: that foreniamgd writing of his Scottish Subjects to the French King, as an apparent js^th^Jf April°i640 token of their disloyalty, and a necessity in him of chastising them by Armes ; for which he had already made so gveat a preparation, as required a present supply of money from this Parliament. To the same purpose that the King had briefly expressed himself, the Lord Keeper Finch, in a long and eloquent Oration, dilated the bufiinesse. Twelve subsidies were demanded by the King, in lieu of which, the release of Ship-Money was promised ; to which demand answer was made by divers Members of the House in several Speeches, " That Redresse of grievances was the chiefs end of assembling Parliaments, and ought to precede granting of Subsidies. Which not onely Reason, but the constant Practise of all ages, had confirmed ; That there was never more need of redressing grievances than at this time ; without which the people would repine to part with twelve Subsidies ; That the sum was ex- traordinary great, especially to be given for releasing of that which they never con- ceived the King had any Title-to, but had taken by power against the Lawes." The King promised that grievances should be afterwards redressed, laut required the Money first, because there was a necessity of hastening the Warre; without which the opportunity .of Summer would be lost. To which it was answered by many, " That the people had no reason to pay for that which was never caused nor desired by them, nor could any way prove to their good, but, quite contrary, to the.danger and detriment of the whole Kingdome; That the same people would tandoubtedly |0 THE HISTORY OF THE undoubtedly pay 'with more wiUingnesse so many Subsidies to prevent that unhappy Warre, to settle the State, and punish the principal contrivers or assistors of that disturbance." Among all the Gentlemen of the House of Commons, who spake to that pur- pose, the Lord George Digby, Sonne to the Earle of Bristol (a young Noble- man of extraordinary abilities ) was eminent for a Speech there -, wherein com- plaining that the House was required to give present answer concerning supplies to the King, to ingage himself in a Warre, and that a Civil Warre ; For, said he,. so I must needs call it, seeing ive are of the same Religion, and under the same King. He divided his Complaint into five heads : 1. We are not permitted to redresse grievances at all. 2. We are not^ permitted so much as to represent to His Majesty the dis-affection of his Subjects to this Warre. 3. We are not permitted to say. That we thinke they are the same persons that are the causers of our grievances, and the grievances of Scotland ; and that the cutting-off of those Incendiaries of State, would he a safe, easie, and honourable cure. 4. That Warre will make the breach zeider, and the remedy despe- rate. 5. That the best Justice is, to fill the pits which are made to intrap others, with the bodies of those that digged them, &c. Master Pym also^, a grave and religious Gentleman, in a long Speech of almost- two houres, recited a Catalogue of all the grievances which at that time lay heavy upon the Common-wealth. Of which many abbreviated Copies, as extracting the heads onely, were with great greedinesse taken by Gentlemen, and others throughout the Kingdom ; for it was not then in fashion to print Speeches of Parliament. Divers of the Members besides (too many to be here named) did fully descant upon such particular grievances, as they had informed themselves of, in. their seve- ral Counties and Burroughs, But it is most true, though it have been said, Quicquid multis peccatur, inUU turn est,^ That there was never any Parliament which was more unanimous in ap- prehension of grievances, and yet more moderate in the Language and manner of declaring against them. And so great seemed to be their care of offending in this . Parliament, (being the first that in so many yeares had been granted to England;} that, notwithstanding they perceived that the Money they were to give to the Kirig, must be employed against their owne interest, yet they took the Subsidies into consideration j PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND, 41 consideration ; by which they might, perchance;, gaine the King's affection to Parlia- ments; and were content to hope, that, whilest the Houses sate, the bad Council about the King might be awed into moderation ; land the Warre against Scotland, by wise and honest interpositions, might be againe composed, as it had been the Summer before. But whilest the businesse was in debate, whether they were not quick enough in granting, or the Conditions were too -much /eared by the King, I will not judge, but onely relate what was done. ' , , The King in Person came into the House upon the fifth, of May, and dissolved The King dissolves the Parliament, but used faire language to them, , prot-esting that hp would.'j'g°^_''''^^*^°^^^^'' governe as much according to Xaw, as if a Parliament were constantly sitting ; Yet, the next day after the dissolution of it, sonneiMembers were imprisoned; the And the next day Lord Brooke wa£ searched for Papfirs, his Study, Xllabinets, and Pockets ; Master-comrnits some of the _, , o- T TT r ' ■'• 1 -n • ■ r o I. u ,. Members to Prison, xJELLosis, and Sir John Hotham, were committed to rrison tor bpeecnes, out ^^ a(,(,ou„t ^f tj,eir soone discharged ; Master Grew, who was a Member of the, House of Commons, Speeches in Parlia- andwas in the Chaire for Petitiom CQi!icernjng Ministers, w,as icommitted to the '"*°'* Tower, for not discovemng some Petitions delivered ;to him in Parliament, and. continued a Prisoner almost to the beginning ofthe next Pariiapient. After the dissolution of this Parliament, the Convocation of Divines continued. The Convocation of their sitting, and, by authority from the King, made divers GawoiiSj and an Ogth to^sit a^fter the Disso- to be imposed not onely upon Clergymea, ibut on many of the Laiety, lutionof theParlia- That continuance- of the •Coo'vocatiori, . ( whatsoever themselves, perchance igno- "'^°'' , rant of the Law, might thinke of it,) -was judged to be veryjillegal ; as it i^ppeared by the Votes of the succeeding Parliament, and the opinion of Lawyers delivered there. When Master Bagshaw, the iNmember £ollrated and discoursed- uponby Master Grimston, Sir Benjamin RuDYBR&i Master Pym, and Master Bagsh AW ; and the abuses of Ireland, reflecting much upon the Earle of Straffbrdl were opened by Sir JohuCLOTWORTHY, of Devon, but' living in Ireland. The like Speeches for'ttiany dales following, were made by divers Gentlemen of great quality ; where, in the midst of their tomplaInts,the King was never mentioned, but ,with great Honour ; They alwaies mixing thanks for the present hope of redresse, with their complaints 6f former grievances. The ^rst of which they rendred to the King, and threw the other upon his Ministers; of which if the Reader would see a perfect exeniplar. Sir Benjamin RuDYERp's Speech (the second that was delivered in the House^ will best dis- cover the present state of grievances, and the ;w%y of sparing the King ; he being a -jleligious, Learned, and Judicious Gentleman, Cujus era/fit mores qualrs'facundia. Whose Speech I shall wfiblly insert, that the condition of thg State may the better be understood. •Master PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 4^ Master Speaker : . , ' WEE are here assembled to doe Gods businesses and the King's, in which a speech of sir Ben- our owne is included, as we are Christians, as we are Subjects: Let W, {^estate o/ReligioT ;first, feare God ; then shall we honour the King the more : for I am ■afraid we have beene the lesse prosperous in Parliaments, because we have [iref erred other matters before him. Eet Religion be our Primum quasrite ;yor all things else are but Et caeteras to it: yet we may have them too, sooner and surer, if we give God hts [hreceedence. We well know what disturbance hath been brought upon the Church for ' vaine^ petty, trifles ; How the whole Church, the whole Kingdome, hath been troubled, where to place a Metajihor, an Altar. We have feene Ministers, their wives, children, and families, undone, against Law, against conscience, against all bowels of comfiassion, about not dancing- upon Sundaies : What do these sort of men thinke will become of themselves, when the Master of the House shall come andfnde them thus beating their fellow-Servants ? These inventions were but sieves, made of purpose to winnow the best men ; and that is the DeviTs occupation. They have a minde to wiorry preaching ; for T never yet heard of any hut diligent Preachers that were vext with these and the like devices. • They despise Prophecy, and, as one said, they would faine be at some- thing were like the Masse, that will not bite; a mnz%led Religion. They would evaporate and dis-spirit the power and vigour of Religion, by drawing it out into solemne and specious formalities, into obsolete, anti- quated. Ceremonies, new furbisK d-up. And this (belike) is that good worke in hand, which Doctor Heylin hath so celebrated in his bold Pamphlets : All their acts and actions are so full oj mixtures, involutions,^ and complications, as nothing is cleare, nothing sincere, in any of their jiroceedings. Let them not say. That these are the perverse suspicions, malicious interpretations, of some factious spirits amongst us,, when a Romanist hath bragged and congratulated in prtnt. That the face of our Church begins to alter, the Language of our P^eligton to change : and Sanctv Clara hath published. That, if a Synod were held ^on inter- mixtis Puritanis, setting Puritans aside, our Articles and their Religion would spone be agreed. They have so brought it to passe, that, under the name of Puritans., all our Religion is branded; and, under afevo hard words against Jesuits, all Popery is countenanced. H Whosoever 'W THE HISTORY OF THE W%os'oever squares his actions 'by any rule, either divine or humane., he is a Puritan : Whosoever would be governed by the King's Lawes, he is a -Puritan. He that will not do whatsoever other men would have Kim do, he is a Puriian. Their great worke, their Masterpiece, now is, to make all those '•of the Religion, to be the suspected party of the Kingdome. Let us further reflect uflon the ill effect these courses have wrought, what by a defection from us on the one side, a separation on the other; some, imagining lahither we are tending, made haste to turne, or declare them- selves Papists before-hand ; thereby hoping to render themselves the more gracious, the more acceptable. A great company of the King's Subjects, striving to holdcommunion with us ; but seeing how farre tae were gone^ and fearing how much further we would go, were fore d to fly the Land, some into other inhabited Countries, very many mto savage Wildernesses, ■because the Land would not beare them. Do not they that cause thisy cast u reproach upon the Government ? Master Speakier : Let it be our principal care, that these wales neither continue, nor return ■upon us; if we secure our Religion, we shall cut-off and defeat many plots that are now on foot by them and others. Beleeve it. Sir, Religion hath ■been for a long time, and still is, the great disigne upon this Kingdome. It is a knowne and practised /irinciple. That they who would introduce another Religion into the Church, must, first, trouble and disorder the 'IAMENT OF ENCLAND. 53 Sut the deplorable, dismal, condition, hotir of Church and S*af£, '^^ath sn farre •wrought upon my jtidpcmo't as it hath convinced my ditpofif'-^n ; v"/ am I not ^ ir saiguiiMim ; I Ic-e no man .• mine: I /hank God I neither hate •■anyman s perso , nor envy anyinansfirtU'ie- -lUflv I am%ealoM!< for a thorow Reformation, in a t^nie that exacts, that extorts, it. Whch, I buvib!v bocech this Home, may he done with as much lefty a^ much moderation^ as the publike safety of the King and Kingdom can possib/y admit. In so great a concurrence of businesse, and weighty affaires, concerning the safety, and the very being, of three Kingdomes, as farre as the Parliament had leisure to consider and redresse the damages, or other injuries, of particular persons ; Their first care was to vindicate distressed Ministers, who had been imprisoned, or de- prived, by the Bishops and all others who, in the Cause of Religion, had been perse- cuted by them: Many of those Ministers, within few weeks after the beginning of the Parliament, were released from duiance, and restored to their Charges, with damagea from their opprtssours; Many Doctors and other Ehvines, that had been most busiein promoting the late Church- innovations about Altars and other Cere- monies, and therefore most gracious and flourishing in the State, were then questi- oned and committed; insomuch as the change, andthe suddennesseof it, seemed wonderful to men, and may worthily serve as a document to all posterity^ Quam fragili loco starent superbi. In what fraile places stand the proudest men. Among divers others of this Kinde, and the most remarkable of all, was that TheParliamentg!ve& reliefe which the Parliament, it^mediately upon their first sitting, gave to three ''^.''^^ '" '-'j^- ^^^f" persecuted Gentlemen, Doctor Bastwick, a Physitian, Master Prynne, a Lawyer, Jn^ Mr. Bui tu"."^* and Master Burton, a Ministen The whole passage of whose Story we will here insert in one continued dis- course, that it may not hereafter interrupt any other Relations of businesse. These three men, for the same offence, or very little differing in substance, (as those that read their extant Bookes may perceive ),not being able tocontaine themselves in such a cause, had written against the manner of English Episcopacy, and those incon- veniences, or extravagancies, which, as they conceived, flowed from it, to the pre- judice of Purity in Religion ; For which offence they were all three heavily censured in the High- Commission Court, at several times, and committed to several Prisons, where they long remained in durance, till afterward their cause was brought into the Starre-Chambtr, where they received a sad doome ; and the same day stood all three upon xPillorles in Westminster Palace-yard, where there eares were like- wise cut-off*. It * On the 30th day of June, l6'37. The Lords, or Members of the Court of Starr-Chamber, >-»viio were principally concerned in passing this cruel sentence, were Sir rhouias Coventry, the Lord / Keeper 54 the;; HISTORY of the It seemed, I remember, to many Gentlemen (and was accordingly discoursed-of) a spectacle no lesse strange than sad, to see three of several Professions, the noblest in the Kingdome, Divinity, I,aw, and Physick, exposed at one time to such an igno- minous punishment, and condemned to it by Protestant Magistrates, for such Tenents in Religion, as the greatest part of Protestants in England held, and all the Reformed Churches in Europe maintained. But the Court of Starre-Chaihber seemed to take cognizance onely of their unlawful publishing those Tenents, and disobedience to the Authority then in being. This was but the beginning of their punishment; they were afterward banished to remote places of the Kingdom, and there kept in close and solitary confinement, not allowed pen and paper, nor the sight of any friends, no not so much (for two of them were married) as of their owne wives. Their imprisonments, at several re- moves, were in the Castles of Lanceston, Lancaster, Carnarvon, and the Isles of Scylly, Garnsey, and Jers^. These three, within five dales after the Parliament began to sit, were sent-for „, , . T home from their banishment; and accordingly Master Prynne, and Master They return to Lon. _, i "' i r »t ,7 °- t 1 /tn / -o don with great pub- BuRTON, upon the 28th oi Nmemoer came mto London, (Doctor Uastwick lick acclamations, on within few daies after, in the same manner) being met upon the way, some few ber,^i640. °^^'"" ""'^s from London, and brought into the City by five thousand persons, both men and women, on horseback, who, all of them, wore in their hats Rosemary and Bayes, in token of Joy and Triumph. The discourses of men upon this action, were very different: some both of the Clergy, of the Court, and other Gentlemen besides, did not conceale their dislike of it, affirming that it was a bold and tumultuous affront to Courts of Justice, and the King's Authority : Others, who pitied the former sufferings of those men, and they that wished Reformation in matters of Justice, were pleased with it ; hoping that it would worke good effects in the King's minde, and make him sensible how his people stood disaffected to the rigour of such proceedings ; and esteemed it as a good presage of the ruine of those two Courts, the High-Commission, and the Star- Chamber : Which proved true within halfe a yeare after. How it wrought at that present upon the King, is not knowne. But actions of that nature, where the people, of their owne accords, ina seeming tumultuous man- ner, do expresse their liking or dislikfe of matters in Government, cannot have alwaies the same successe, but worke, according to the disposition of the Prince or Governour, either to a sense causing Reformation, or to an hatred of them as ■upbraiders of his actions ; aut corrtgunt, aut irritant. Within a moneth after, the businesse of these three men was, by Order of the Parliament, referred to Committees to examine and report. Upon which reports, not two Moneths after, it was voted by the House of Keeper of the Great Seal, Lord Cottiiigton. and Sir John Finch, who was, at that time. Chief Justiceof the Court of Common Pleas. See the Selection from the Harleian Miscellany, in one volume, quarto, printed for Kearsley, bookseller, in Fleet-Street, Number 46, in the year, 1793, in jjages 314, 315, 3l6, &c.— 324 of 4he said Volume. Commonsj tARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 55 Commons, That those Judgements so given against them (but severally for every one of the three ) were illegal, unjust, and against the Hberty of the Subject ; and, within a mor>eth after, voted that they should receive damages for their great suife- rings ; and that satisfaction should be made them in money, to be paid by the Arch- bishop of Canterbury, the High-Commi'-sioners. and those Lords who had voted against them in the Star-Chamber ; That they should be againe restored to their callings, and receive Master Burton 6000/. and Master Prynne 5000 /. Doctor BASTwiCK,in a vote by himself, was given the like sumnie. As these were comforted after their sufferings, so other Divines (for the begin- Proceedings against ning of this Parliament seemed a little Doomesday,) after a short pleasure, were ^e". ^ °"^ '^^*''§y" brought to their torment. A Committee was made to enquire of scandalous Ministers^ which appeared in two kindes (and were accordingly censured) either loose livers^ and men of a de- bauched behaviour, (for many such were gotten into good preferments, and coun- tenanced to affront the Puritans ;) or else offendours in way of Superstition j of the former sort many were in a short time accused, by degrees censured, and turned- out of their livings : Of the latter sort there was no small number of offendors; nor in likelihood could that (which had beene the way to all high preferments) want Walkers in it. Among all the men of his ranke. Dr. Coosens, Master of Saint Peter's Col- Dr. Coosens. ledge in Cambridge^ was most noted for superstitious and curious observations in many kindes ; a man not noted for any great depth of learning, nor yet scanda- lous for ill-living, but onely forward to shew himselfe in formalities and"Dutward Ceremonies concerning Religion, many of which were such as a Protestant State might not well suffer. This man was questioned upon many Articles; some by himselfe; some^ where other Divines were joyned with him ; imprisoned he was, and afterwards bailed ; and, though deprived of some preferments, yet escaped without any great punish- ment, and was one of them, in that crowd of offendors, who might rejoyce that the Parliament had so much businesse. But greater Clergymen than ~Dod;or Coosens were then to come upon the Dr. Wrenn^, Bishop Stage ; Bishop Wrenne, a man guilty of the same crime in Superstition, that °^ Norwich. Coosens was, as farre- as concerned his owne person, but farre more guilty as a Magistrate, and able to impose it upon others, was upon the 1 9th of December accused of Treason, and entred into a recognizance of 30,000 1. to appeare, with three sureties engaged, each of them, in -bonds of 10,000 1. This Wrenne, being Bishop of Norwich, a Diocese in which there were as many strict Professors of Religion (commonly called Puritans) as in any part of England, had there violently pressed superstitious Ceremonies, or such as they conceived so, upon Ihem, put-downe accustomed Lectures, and deprived many Ministers much beloved and reverenced among them. By which rigour he grew, accidentally, guilty of a wonderful crime against the wealth and prosperity of the ■State. For 56 • THE HISTORY OF THE For many Tradesmen (with whom those parts abounded) were so afflicted and troubled with his Ecclesiastical censures and vexations, that, in great numbers, to avoid misery, they departed the Kingdome ; some into New England, and other parts of America; and othersinto /yo//ara(^, whitherthey transported their Manufactures of Cloth; [which was] not onely a losse by diminishing the present stock of the King- dome, but a grekt mischiefe by impairing and endangering the losse of that pecu- liar Trade of Clothing, which hath been a plentiful fountaine of Wealth and Honour to the Kingdome of England, as it was expressed in the Parliament-Re- monstrance. But more particular crimes were laid against the Bishop, which there may be occasion to discourse of hereafter, in the proceedings against him. Dr William Laud '^^^ ^^7 before Bishop Wrenne was accused, being the 18th of December, a Archbishop of Can- greater man, both in Church and State, William Laud-, Archbishop of Can- *m^n^^' ^^' tsrbury, was voted in the House of Commons guilty of High Treason ; Master Denzill Mollis, a Member of that House, was sent-up to the Lords, to appeach him there ; tipon which he was sequestred, and coufmed to the B'ack Rod. He was also charged by the Scottish Commissioners, together with the Earle of Strafford, as a chiefe Incendiary in the late Wane betweene both Na- tions -, and divers Articles laid against Mm ; which to examine and disc usse further, a Committee was appointed. He is impeached of ^P°" ^^^ ^^!^ °^ February, Master Pymme made rrport to the House of Com- High Treason, Feb. mons, what hainous and capital crimes were objected against him : Upon which ss, 1640-1. the House fell into a serious debate, and a Charge of High Treason in fourteene Articles was drawne-up against him ; which Charge two dales after was sent froai the House of Commons by Master Pymme up to the Lords. The Archbishop was that day brought before the Lords, to heare that Charge read ; and it was there voted, That he should immediately be sent to the Tower; but, upon his earnest suit, for some special reasons, he was two dales longer suf- fered to abide under the Black Rod, and then accordingly sent to the Tower ; where we will leave him, till the course of this Narration bring him to further trial upon those Articles. Civil^ offenders, as well as Ecclesiastical, must needs be many, in so long a corruption of Government; of whom one, as he was first in time, and soone left the Stage, besides his chiefe Crime Concerning matters of Church and Religion, so he shall first be named. , Sir Francis Winde- Sir Francis Windebanke, Principal Secretary of Estate, a great Favourite Sly d'cSng ^f ^"^^"f ^° ?^ Archbishop of Canterbury, and by his friendship, as was thought, Popish priests from advanced to that place of Honour, was, upon the 12th of \ovember questioned in fr^cio ^°''"^'''' f u ^K^''"''^ concerningPopish Priests ; of whom, in that seven or eight yearts that he had been Secretary, he had bailed a great number, and released many by his power, contrary to the Lawes made, and then in force, against them ; which oeing examined by a Committee, and certaine to prove foule against hinj, as if did after- ward ; (for upon examination there were proved against him 74 Letters of grace to Recusants, within foure yeares, signed with his owne hand; 6ID. His suit was granted ; and the next day save one, in a long Oration, he endea* Voured to cleare himselfe ; but all in vaine was that endeavour ; though his de- portment were very humble and submissive, and his Speech full of perswasive Rhetorick, it could not prevaile to divert the Judgement, though many in the House were moved to a kinde of Compassion, He flies to Holland He, either secretly informed by friends, or himselfe perceiving by evident signes, cemb^/^ 64^^^ how things were likely to go with him, conceived it best to use a timely prevention, and the next day, disguised, fled, and soon crossed the Seas into Holland. After his flight, he was voted by the House of Commons guilty of High Treason for foure causes ; 1. Disobeying the House, in refusal to speake at their command, when he was Speaker in Parliament, in the fourth yeareof King Charles. 2* For threatening some Judges in the matter of Ship-money. 3. For his illegal and cruel Judgements in the Forrest-businesse, when he was- Lord Chiefe- Justice of the Common Pleas. 4. For drawing that injurious Declaration after dissolution of the last ParUa'- ment. Upon which a Charge was drawne-up against him, and carried-up to the Lords: upon the 14th of January, 1640-41, three weeks after his flight, by the Lord Fawkeland ; who presented it with a pithy and sharpe Oration against the man. These two last Delinquents (though men of eminent place in the Common- wealth) as they did not long trouble the Parliament, nor much retard the progresse of publike businesse, preventing their Trials by timely flight, so can they take-up no large roome in this Historical Narration. CHAP, V ba CjHAP. VIII, The Try al and death of the Earle o/' Strajffbrd. Conspi- racies detected during the agitation of it. An Act for continuance of this present Parliament. With a men- tion of that Grant of the Triennial Parliament in February before. XiUT now a greater Actor is brought upon the Stage, Thomas Went- woRTH, Earle of Strafford, Lieutenant oi Ireland, a man too great to be let escape ; no sooner accused but surprized, and secured for a TryaL Which Tryal of his, if we consider all things, — the high nature of the Charge against him ; the pompous circumstances, and stately manner of the Trial itselfe ; the time that it ksted ; the pretiousnesse of that rime so consumed; and, lastly, of what moment and consequence the successe of it must prove, — I may safely say, that no Subject in England, and probably in Europe, ever had the like. So great it was, that we can hardly call it the Trial of the Earle of Strafford onely ; the King's affections toward his People and Parliament, the future successe of this Parliament, and the hopes of three Kingdoms depending on it, were all tryed, when Strafford was arraigned. Many Subjects in Europe have played lowder parts upon the Theater of the world, but none left it with greater noise ; nor was the matter of his accusation confined within one Realme; three whole Kingdoms were his Accusers, and eagerly sought, in one death, a recompense of all their sufferings ; That we may, say of his case, as Claudian says of Ruf finus, Offensis RufEnum divide terris. Within ten daies after the Parliament began, the Earle of ^'/ra^rc?, newly- The Earl of Strafford returned from the North, was sitting in the House of Lords : when Master Pymme, is 'mpeached by the I 2 an of High Treason. 60 THE HISTORY OF THE an ancient Gentleman of great experience in Parliamentary affaires, and no Ie^§& knowne fidelity to his Country, came up to the Lords, and, in the name of all the Commons of England, accused Thomas, Earle of Strafford, Lord Lieutenant" of Ireland, of High Treason ; and desired their Lordships that he might be sequeS- tred from Parliament, and forthwith committed to Prison ; as also to let them know, that the Commons, within very few daies, would resort to their Lordships with the particular Articles and grounds of this Accusation. The Earle was required to wi3idraw ; and after a debate thereof, called-in, was And is taken into committed to safe custody to the Gentleman Usher ; And immediately after, upon of November, 1640. the 13th day of iVoweTOier, a Serjeant at Armes was sent into Irelandior Sir George Ratliffe, a great Favourite of the Earles, and one that, under him, had beene very active in the oppression of Ireland ; a nian of subtle Wit, and knowledge dS. the Law ; as having before beene educated at the Innes of Court, and taken the degree of Barrister. Sir George accordingly, upon the fourth of December, came-in and yeelded And sent to the himselfe to the Speaker ; from whence he was committed to custody. And, Tower on the 8th offoure daies after, 'the Lcsrds of Parliament sentAe Earle of Strafford to the Tower, ecem , with a Strict Command to the Lieutenant, that he should keejjc a close guard upon him. Much time was interposed betweene the several proceedings against this Earle oi Strafford, by reason of the muldplicity of weighty businesse which the Parlia- ment then had. But before the end, of January, a long Charge was read again* him in the House of Commons, and a Message^ not long after, sent to the Lords, to desire that he might be sequestred from all his places of Dignity and Honour, in England and Ireland. The charge against The Charge against him consisted of nine Articles, which, afterwards upon a him, January 31, ^further impeachment, were extended to eight-and-twenty^ All those Articles are ^ **" ■ to be seene at 'large in the Records: But, for further satisfaction of the Reader, I will give a t)riefe touch of the scope of them. The first and second being much alike, concerning his -ruling of Ireland, and those parts of England, where his Authority lay, in an Arbitrary way, against the fundamental Lawes ©f the King- dome, which Lawes he had endeavoured to subvert. Thirdly, his retaining part of the King's Revenue, without giving a legal account. Fourthly, The abusing of his Power, to the increase and encouragement of Papists. Fifthly, That he maliciously had endeavoured to stir-up Hostility betweene England and Scotland, Sixthly, That, being Leiutenant-General of the Northerne - Army, he had wil- fully suffered the. Scots to defeat the English at Newburne, and tzks- Newcastle-- that by such a losse and dishonour, England might be engaged in a National and irreconcileable quarrel with the Scots. Seventhly, That to preserve himselfe from questioning, he had laboured to subvert Parliaments, and mcense the King against them ^ Eighthly, and lastly. That these things were done during the time of his • Authority^ as Deputy of Ireland^ and Lieutenant-General of the Northerne Armies ■^'EnglaivJL The PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. ^J T'he Commons, saving to themselves a liberty of further impeachment against "the said Earle, &c. do require his legal answer to all. The further impeachment, consisting of 28 Articles, was, for the most part, branched out of these, and insisted-upon in more particulars, concerning his Tyranny, in Ireland, over divers persons, contrary to Law. Concerning which the Reader must be referred to the Records themselves, as being too large to be here inserted. The Earle of Strafford, up6n fhe 2i8d 'of February, "was brought before the The Earle gives-in Lords, to give-in his answer; which he accordingly did-; the King himselfe being g^'^. ^g^^gL Febru- there present to heare it read. It was very large; and, when It was done, he was sent-back to the Tower, there to remaine till further Order. A Committee being appointed to consider of that businesse, upon the fourth of March following made report in the House, That they would manage and main- taine their Accusation of Treason against him ; and thought it not fit to reply to 'his Answer, but call him to speedy trial. Immediately upon which, a Conference was -had with the Lords concerning that Trial, and some Circumstances which were thought fit to be used at it. The Commissioners of Scotland had likewise a Charge against the Earle of Strafford ; concerning those injuries, which, as they conceived, their Nation and Kingdome had suffered from him. But the substance of that Charge was im- plyed in those Articles before-specified} which the Parliament of England had exhibited against him. Upon the 22d of March, 1640. [I64i0 — 1.] that xemarkable Tryal of the Earle His trial begins, of Strafford began. March 22, 1640-1. Westminster-Y{2.\\ was the place diosen, where 'Scaffdlds were raised- on both „ sides, nine degrees In height ; whereof seven were appointed for the Members of "the'House of 'Commons to sit-on, who wer-e all there In a Committee : The two •upper degrees of the Scaffold, were appointed for the Commissioners of Scotland^ and the Lords of Ireland, who were then come-over. In the midst, on a lower ascent, sate the Eeeres of England, the Earle of Arundel being Lord High Steward, and the Earle of Lindsey Lord High Constable. The Throne was placed for the King : But the King, coming thither (which he did every day of the Tryal) sate private with the-Queene and other Ladies, in a close Gallery, made of purpose to heare the proceecfings, and tooke notes of them himselfe, in writing. T he Earle of Sir«j^rt? answered daily at the Barre, whilest the whole House of "Commons, having put themselves into a Committee, had liberty to charge him, every man as he saw occasion : But, though many of them did sometimes speake, •yet the accusations were chiefly managed by two expert Lawyers, Master Glynne, -^and Master Maynard, both Members of the House. Many foule misdemeanours, -committed both in Ireland and England, were ^daily pioved against him : But that ward which the Earle, being an eloquent man. His principal ground especially of Defence. 62 THE HISTORY OF THE especially lay-at, was to keepe-ofF the blow of High Treason, whatsoever misde- meanours should be layed upon him ; of which, some he denied, others he f.x- cused, and extenuated with great subtility ; contending to njake one thing good, " That misdemeanours, though never so many and so great, could not, by being put together, make one Treason, unlesse some one of them had been Treason in its owne nature." Every day the first weeke, from Munday to Saturday, without intermission, the Earle was brought from the Tower to Wesimimter-Hall, and arraigned many houres together ; and the successe of ev,ery dales tryal, was the greatest discourse, or dispute, in all companies. For by this time the people began to be a little divided in opinions ; The Clergy in general were so much fallen into love and admiration of this Earle, that the Archbishop of Canterbury was almost quite forgotten by them. The Courtiers cryed him up, and the Ladies, (whose voices will carry much with some parts of the State,) were exceedingly on his side. It seemed a very pleasant object, to see so many Sempronias (all the chiefe Court-Ladies filling the Galleries at the Tryal ) with penne, inke, and paper in their hands, noting the passages, and discoursing upon the grounds of Law and State. They were all of his side ; whether mpved by pity, proper to their Sex, or by ambition of being thought able to judge of the parts of the Prisoner. But so great was the favour, and love, which they openly expressed to him, that some could not but thinke of that Verse : Non forinosus erat, sed eratfacundus Ulysses, Et tamen csquoreas torsit amove Deas. UlysseSf though not beautiful, the love Of Goddesses by eloquence could move. But his Trial in this manner lasted, with few daies intermission, from the'22d of March, till the midst of .dpril following, the Earle having personally answered fifteene daies. The House of Com- After all this long Trial, the House of Commons fell into debate about a Bill of mons abandon their Attainder againtt the JEarle of Strafford; and voted him euiltv of hieh Treasnn in prosecution bv Im- ,. ." , r i a .• • l- i. i , i° ■' , "'&" iicdboam peachment, aid pro- divers particulars ot that Accusation, m which they had proceeded against him • ceed against the Earl and in more particular he was voted guilty of High Treason, for his opinion given Aprila", 164^" ^^' before the King, at a secret Council, which was discovered by some notes of Sir Henry Vane, who was also a Privy-Councilier, and present at that time- in which notes it was found, that the Earle of Strafford had said to the King That he had an Army in Ireland, ivhich his Majesty might employ to reduce this Kinsdome to obedience. Ihese notes Sir Henry Vane, eldest Sonne to the before-named Sir Henry had found , as he alledged to the House) in his Father's Cabinet, and produced before the House without his Father's knowledge ; who setraed extreme angry with his Sonne for it. ° ' This PAHLIATVIENT OF ENGLAND. 63 This is related the more at large, because it was the first occasion (that was open and visible) whereby so eminent a Member, as the Lord George Digby, was lost This Bill is opposed from the House of Commons, as will afterward appeare : For that Vote was op- s/^.g^aj other mem-" posed by the Lord Digby and some others, bers of the House of Neverthelesse a Committee was appointed to draw-up the Bill of Attainder, fift™Xe'membtTs. which was accordingly done, and read In the House of Commons, on the 21st day of ^pril, when the Earle was againe voted guilty of High Treason ; which was carried by farre the greater part ; for on the other side, were but nine and fifty, of whom the Lord Digby was one -; who made to that purpose a very elegant, though much displeasing. Speech in the House ; Of which more hereafter. That Bill of Attainder was sent-up to the Lords ; where, after the reading of it, a great division was in that House, and many of the Lords much opposed it. But Master St. John, the King's Solicitour, and a Member of the House of ^Commons, was appointed within few dales after, to make good the Bill by Law, and give the Lords satisfaction, which was accordingly done upon the 2yth of jiprili in Westminster -^zS^. ; where the Earle of Strafford was present at the Barre, and the King and Queene seated in their usual places. Master St. John opened the Branches of the Bill, and in a Discourse of two it is passed by the houres made it good by preceedent Statutes, and the like, to the satisfaction of al- House of Lords, most all that heard him But the King was not satisfied in conscience, (as he declared to both Houses, The King refuses to two dales after,) to condemrie him of High Treason ; and told them, No feares, consent to it. or 'respects whatsoever, should make him a!lter that resolution, founded upon his conscience : But confessed, that his 'misdemeanors were so great, that he held him unfit to serve him in any office whatsoever ; with other expressions of that kinde. The Kmg's Speech was somewhat displeasing to the Houses ; but the City were out of patience, and within foure dales after, came to JVestminster, about five thousand of them, crying for Justice against the£arle of Strafford ; and following the Lords, complaining that they were undone, and trading decayed, for want of due execution of Justice. The Lords gave them good words, and promised them to acquaint the King with it. But the next day they appeared againe with the same complaint. Their feares being more aggravated, by reason of reports, that attempts were made to ,get the Earle out of Prison ; upon which occasion some Lords were sent to keepe the Tower, and assist the Lieutenant there. But the King was hard to be removed from his resolution, although the Judges in the meane time had delivered their opinions in the House of Lords, concerning the Earle of Strafford ; and the Lords had voted him guilty of High Treason upon the fifteenth Article, for levying of money in Ireland by force of Armes ; and upon the nineteenth, for imposing an Oath upon the Subjects in Ireland, That they should not protest against any of the King's Commands. The King at last, wearied with these complaints, called a Privy-Council at But afterwards cob- White-Hall, where he spent a great part of the day, calling also the Judges to ^^"'^ '° ''• ■deliver their opinions before him, concerning the Earle of Strafford; and sent for foure 64 THE HISTORY OF THE The Earle is be- foure Bishops, to resolve him upon scruple of conscience. After which he granted a Commission to the Earle of Arundel, the Lord Privy-Seale, and the two Lord- Chamberlaines, to signe that bill for the execution of the Earle oi Strafford, three daies after, being Wednesday, the 12th of May, 1641 ; which was accordingly headedon the 12th of done upon the Scaffold on Tower-Hill. May, 1641 But his Execution gives rise to great divisions in Parlia.- meirt. This was the unfortunate end of that Earle of Strafford^ whose character and actions have been in some manner before described. Of whom we may truly say, T hat, as his life and Counsels had been of great moment and concernment in the State before, so did his death and Tryal, by un- happy accidents, prove to be. The divisions, and disturbances which his life could make, were not greater than those that his death occasioned. Appianus observes of Syli a the Dictator, That, as his living power had rob'd the Roman Senate of their freedome ; so did his very Filneral : Where so many of his old Souldiers and Hacsters followed the solemnity, that the Senators who were present, durst not with freedome expresse their thoughts of him ; but were inforced to flatter him dead, as well as living. , How farre the Earle of Strafford did, in his life-time, divide the King's affec- tions from his People and Parliaments (which was part of the Charge against him) I cannot surely tell ; But certaine it is. That his Tryal and death (which has made me insist the longer upon it ) did make such a division in that kinde, as, being un- happily nourished by degrees afterward, has almost ruined the three Kingdomes *. The length of his Tryal, whikst two Armies at an heavy expence were to be paid, and other businesse at a great stand, did divide some impatient people (at least in some degree) from the Parliament ; The manner of his condemnation divided the Parliament in itselfe ; and the eager pressing of his death did discover, or cause, a sad division of the King from his Parliament. Nine ^and fifty Members of the House of Commons, dissented in Vote from the rest, upon the Bill of Attainder : upon which some indiscreet persons (for so I must needs esteeme them, though it was never knowne who they were, or by whose notice it was done) the next day set-up a paper upon the Exchange, with the names of those nine and fifty, and a Title over it, Ths names of those men, who, to save a Tray tor, ivould betray their Country, They that were thus posted-up, supposing it to be done, or caused, by some of their Houise, were much provoked at it, many of them growing by degrees disr affected to the Parliament, (not all, for there were among those dissenting Gentle- men very wise and learned men) and, upon that unhappy distraction that fell-out about a yeere after, forsooke the Parliament. Upon the same Bill of Attainder, the Lord Digby made his foresaid Speech, which, by a Command from the House (for he had printed it) was to be burnt by the Hangman; which was the visible cause of his deserting, the Parliament and proving so great an Actor against it as shall hereafter be declared. ' This was written in the jear 1647. The PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 65 The worst cons^qnence of all was, that the King's heart did upon this occasioQ appeare tobe quite alienated from the Parliament. For, to prevent the Earle of Strafford^ s death, an escape for him out of the A Conspiracy had Tower was contrived. To further whjch, and to curbe the Parliament in other |'he pSl£nf in'' things by force of Armes, a great conspiracy was entred-into by many Gentlemen order to save the Earl of rank and quality. The designe of this conspiracy had many Branches, as shall ofSuaffordilife. appeare in the Narration. The persons of chiefest note in it, were Master Henry Percy, brother to the Earle of Northtmberland ; Master Henry Jermin, the great Favourite of the Queene, to whom he was Master of the Horse ; Master Goring, eldest Sonne to the Lord Goring ; Master Wilmot, eldest Sonne to the Lord Wilmotj Colonel Ashburnham ; Captaine Pollard ; Sir John Suckling ; Oneale, an Irish man and a Papist ; with divers others of a more inferiour ranke, such as were privy but to some part of the designe : For it seemes their Counsels were divided, and they were not all guilty of the same things ; as by their several exami- nations upon Oath appeared. But that which grieved the hearts of honest men, and made them almost despaire of that happinesse which was before hoped-for by this Parliament, was. That they discovered the King himself to be privy to this conspiracy against them ; which The King himself was plainly testified by Colonel Goring's examination : as likewise by a Letter ^^ PV'^y '* *** written by Master Percy to his Brother the Earle of AorfAwmier/awcf; where he names the King's discourses with him, and the desire which the King had to joyne such as he thought fit with them. The Conspirators had taken an Oath of secrecy among themselves. The Report made in Parliament from Committeies after the Examination of several Gentlemen, concerning this conspiracy, discovered many branches of their designe. One was concerning the Tower of London, That Souldiers should have been ' put into it. For Sir John Suckling, and some others of the Conspirators, under pretence of raising Forces for the Portugal^ had gathered men in London, who were to possesse themselves of the Tower. The Lieutenant, Sir William Balfore, was commanded by the King him- selfe to admit those Souldiers into the Tower. But he, perceiving that it was a Plot to -let the Earle oi Strafford escape^ disobeyed that Command of the King's 5 as appeared by his Examination. In which is likewise specified, that the Earle offered 2000/. in Marriage with his daughter to the Lieutenant's Sonne, if he would consent to the Earles escape. Another branch, and that the chiefe of this designe, was to bring-up the English Army, which was in the North, as yet undisbanded, and to engage it against the Parliament, to awe the Houses in divers things concerning the King's Prerogative, and maintaining Episcopacy, as Master Percy signified in the fore- mentioned Letter. TC To 66 THE HIS TORY Ot THE • To joyne with these Forces, and strengthen the Plot, a French Array was Id he landed at Portsmouth, and that Towne, for the same purpose, was to be put into Master J e r m i n 's hands. The Irish Army, consisting of eight thousand, almost all Papists, when the Earle of Strafford had escaped out of the Tower, was to be brought-over under his conduct, and engaged in the same Service. All these things were confessed upon several Examinations. The Parliament were mo'st grieved to- finde the King so farre in it j and then re- called to minde, how His Majesty, on the 28th of j^pril before, had told the Houses, That he could not allow of the disbanding of the Irish Army, for divers Teasons best knowne to himselfe. The Coiisptracy being in some part detected, Percy, Jermyn, and Suckling, fled the day before they "should have been examined, being the sixth of May, and passed into France, where Suckling not long after dyed. But afterwards, upon the reading of a Letter in the House iipon the 14th of June, sent by Master Percy out of France to his Brother the Earle of Northum- 'ierlandf Wilmot, Ashburnham-, and Pollard, (three Members of the ' House of Commons, mentioned in that Letter, as privy to this Conspiracy) were commanded to withdraw, and then called-in severally, examined, and committed, WiLiioT to the Tower, Ashburnham to the King's Bench, and Pollard to •the Gate-House ; from whence they were not long after released upon Baile, as being found guilty hot iii so high a degree as others were. Goring, upon his Examination, dealt so cleerly with them, and so farre ipurged himselfe from, evil intentions, that he was not at all committed by the ParUaraeilt. Oneale, -who proved most guilty of that ;part of the Conspiracy, for bringing- up the English Army against the Parliament, was presently after apprehended, and committed to theToterer ; whence it was generally thought he would be brought to Tryal for his life, and suffer : but he made an escape. The Parliament, considering what great disturbance they began to finde in settling the State, what conspiracies had been on foot.j and doubtful of the King's sincere affection towards them ; considering also what great disbursements of money were to be made for payment of two Armies, and other charges /or settling the Siate, to which purpose money was to be borrowed upon the Publike faith ^ by a joint consent of both Houses, moved the King to signe a Bill for continuance of this present Parliament, That it should never be dissolved till both Houses did consent, and agree that publike grievances werei^ully redrest. 'bm'l5*rifeSnu- ^ ?*^' ^^s JT 6F ENGLAND. horrmved upon the PuMike Faith ; which had been nothing worth, if that Parltet^ ment could have been dissolved at the King^ s pleasure. And where itwas objected. That no King ever granted the like before; they answered, It was evident, that no King before ever made so great a necessity for a Parliament to require it. And besides that, in the constitution of Englands Government, it was never the meaning of the Law-givers, that the King should' dissolve any Parliament, whilest tlie great Affaires of the Kingdome were depend- ing; and tfiough the King had used to do so, it was neverthelesse unlawful. The Scots in their Remonstrance 164'0, told the King, That he had broken their Lawes in dissolving the Parliament there, against the consent of their House. And it is very well understood by those that are skilful in Lawes of both Nations^ that English Parliaments have originally the same freedome. It was neverthelesse probably then thought by all, that the King would not have assented to that Act, if at that time the freshnesse of those fore-mentioned grievances: in the peoples hearts, and the present discovery of that odious Treason, of bringing, an Army against the Parliament, had not made it unsafe for him to deny it. That opinion was more confirmed by the follovsdng Actions, since time, and thr unconstancy of some Lords and Gentlemen, had raised him a Party. When that knot, which by Law he could not againe untie, he endeavoured to cut asunder by, the 1Sword:j as was afterwards observed in the Parliament's Dedaratbns.. "«««*. 69 CHAP. IX. Allowance of money from the English Parliament to the Scots. The vast Charge of disbanding the two Armies. The great Taxations Jor that purpose, and the manner of Poll-money. The people tahe a Protestation. An Act for putting'downe the High-Commission Court, and the Starre-Chamher ; with other occurrences of that time. The Queene-Mother of France departeth from England. The King goeth into Scotland. J. HE Parliament, -conceiving themselves somewTiat strengthened and secured by The Parliament re- that Act of continuance, began-to fall upon the raaine businesse of the Kingdome; ^^^"^ *»' the but tfieir first desire was to ease themselves, of that unsupportable charge of keep- armie?in"the North ing two Armies in pay. It was therefore resolvedj that both the Armies should of England shall be forthwith be disbanded. disbanded. The Earle of Holland was nominated by the King, and well-approved of by the Psirliament, to go-down as General, for disbanding of the English. And for the speedy disbursement of so great a summe, which was to be raised out of the Poll. Money (of which I shall speake -anon) and the six Subsidies, much Plate was ap- pointed, with more than ordinary haste, to be melted and coyned. The Reader vdll here, perchance, desire to be satisfied, by what meaneslihe Scottish Army, which the King, in the beginning of the Parliament, was so desirous to have driven-out of the Kingdome, and styled Rebels, should continue undisban- ded till this time. The Cessation of Armes, which was made before to expire about the end of December last, was at that time renewed by the Parliament for a Moneth longer j who presently after tooke it into consideration, that the Scots should be satisfied for all their charges they had been at, and losses sustained, since that unhappy Warre that the King had raised against them. In the February followingj after a serious debate ^concerning that basinesse, the -necessities^ „Q THE HISTORY OF THE necessities of the Scots being well-weighed, and their demands considered, it was not onely agreed that their Ships, taken since that Warre, should be restored, and 4000/. in ready money given to them to rigge those Ships-; but for the maine of all, it was resolved-upon by both Houses, to give the full summe of 300,000/. in these words expressed, Toioards a supply of the losses and necessities of our Brethren of Scotland; and that the Parliament would in due time take into con- sideration the manner of raising it, and the daies of payment. Whereupon the Scottish Commissioners, three daies after, returned thankful- nesse to the Parliament, not onely for that great summe of 300,000 /. but for the style of Brethren which they had given them. And the same weekie.to continue arid further strengthen the amity of both Nations^ the P?i^liament of E«g-Zflwc? Ordained that all Books, Libels^ and Procla- mations against the Scots, should be called-in; and a thanksgiving to God should be in all Churches th*)row England, for the happy conclusion of that peace. But before the time came that the Parliament, pressed with so many great and weighty Affaires, could have leisure to consider and fully determine the times for payment of that great summe to the Scots (which was not till the 19th day of the following June] when it was concluded, that they should receive 100,000/. of it at Midsummer come twelve Moneths, and the other 200,000 /. at Midsummer two yeares after) the Scots presented many Papers to the House at several times, for money to supply the wants of their Army ; which were friendly enter, tained and considered by the Parliament. For that Army was kept long undis- banded ; insomuch as about the end of the following May, there was in Arreare due to the Scottish Army (besides the gift of 300,000/..) 120,000 /. So great a charge was the Parliament of England content to be at, rather than suffer the Scots to go, till businesses were better settled j which gave occasion to many of the Clergy, and others not well-affected to the Parliament, not onely in dis- course, but also in written Libels, to taxe the Parliament, and impute it to them as a crime, of too much distrust of the King j and that they kept a tbrraigne Army to awe their owne Prince. But certaine it is, that since that time, when the forenamed Conspiracies began to breake-out, the Houses, not well assured of the Kin'g, nor fully trusting the Eng- lish Army, were content that the Septs should not be disbanded, until the others were ; being also doubtful of that Irish Army, which the King (as is before ex- pressed,) had told them he could not disbandj for some reasons beist knowne to him- selfe. The Scottish army Nor was that Army of Scots disbanded till August, at the same time when the and the English army £|jgj^ Army was, by the Earle of Holland, appointed General to that purpose. are both disbanded .jiui.. '-ii j j ^ j i_ • , , .^ . at the same time in And both the Armies qvuetly departed, conducted to their owne homes by Order August, 1641. from Jiistices of Peace, through the several-Counties. A Po.i-tav; laid for 1° tiefray so vast a charge as the payment of two great Armies, the Parliament, this purpose. besides the grant of six Subsidies, imposed a Taxe seidome or never knowne, which was tiat oi the Poli-lVioi:ey, wherein the whole Kingdome were to be personally assessed. Every Duke, at loO /. a Marquesse at bO /. Earles at 60/. Viscounts and Barons PARLIAMENT OF ENGLANa 71 iBarons at 40 /. Knights of the Bathe 30/, other Knights 20 /. Esquires 10 /. every Xjentleman dispending lOOZ. per ann7zm,vf&s seized for assessed] at 5/. and all others X){ ability, to pay a competent proportion ; the meanest head of the whole King- dome was not excused under six-pence. This Bill of Poll -Money was offered by the Houses to the King, together with two others of great concernment, one for putting-downe the High Commission Court, and the other for putting-downe the Starre-Chamber. But the King shewed some reluctancy in that businesse, desiring to passe only that Bill of Poll-Money for the present, and to deliberate about passing of the •other two. At which the Hou^e of Commons, being certified so much by the Lords, were not well contented, and voted, that his Maje$ty should passe all three, or none at all. Notwithstanding, the King, upon the second of July, did, accordingly, passe the Poll - Money, and demurred upon the other two. But, understanding that the matter -was so ill taken, and being loath, upon mature deliberation, to displease the King- The Court of High tiome at that time, he cameagaine upon the following Tuesday, being the fifth of Commission, and the ■July, and passed the other two, for putting-downe the High-Commission Court and ter, are abolished, ^" the Starre-Chamber. Julys, i64i. Many of the Courtiers, and neerest servants about the King, were very sorry that his Majesty, seeing that he passed those two Bills so scone after, had not ■freely done it at the same time (as was desired) together with the Poll- Money : ^Because it might be thought an unwillingnesse in him, and that his heart (which was then feared) did not perfectly concurre with his People's desires : Whereby cmuch of the thanks, which so great a grace, freely and- fprwardly expressed, might have deserved, did seeme in a manner lost. The King, therefore, at the passing of those two Bills, told them as much. That He could not but be sensible of those reports of discontent, which he had heard was taken by some, for his not passing them before; and thought it very strange, that 4.W0 things oj so great importance should be expected from him, ivilhout an alloiV' ance of time to consider of them : That he wondred they could harbour any discon- tent, if they remembred iiow wuch he had done this Parliament, as his granting that the Judges hereafter should With other things ; Concluding graciously, That He would omit nothing which might give them just content. And, when he had gigned the forenamed Bills, after a short mention of the journey which he intended speedily to take into Scotland ; he propounded to them a thing very acceptable, concerning his Nephew, the Prince Elector Palatine, that The King publishes he could not but (at the desire of that Prince) send an Ambassadour to assist him^Manifesto, tothe ^t the Dyet at i^am^one with the Emperour : and, fearing that he should not re- ,nany.'jn"favourTf 'ceive so good an Answer as might in justice be expected, he (for the better coun- his nephew, the itenancing that businesse,) intended to publish a Manijesto in his owne name ; Jin^'in JuiTierf^*" but 73 THE HISTORY OF THE but would not do it but by consent and advice of Parliament ; without whidi he conceived it would be a thing of no validity. Which Manifesto was afterwards made by the full consent of both Houses, and Sir Thomas Roe, a Member of the House, and a Gentleman of great abilities, was sent to the Emperour at Ratishone about it ; but without any good successe. The Queene-Mother At the same time the Queene- Mother of France, as was before desired by the Par- £" EngllnJ'in''' liament, was to take her leave of England. The King consented to her departure; July, 1641. ' but. Money being wanting for the Provision of her Journey, the Parliament allotted ten thousand pounds to her, out of the Poll-Money. This great Lady had arrived in England almost three years before, and so long been entertained by the King, her Sonne in Law, -with great respect, and an allowance answerable to support her State, 100 /• per diem. OfherCharacterand It was her misfortune, (how farre her crime, I cannot tell) that, during her conduct, abode here, the two Kingdomes of England and Scotland were embroyled in great troubles ; which the People were apt to impute in some measure to her counsels, knowing what power the Queene, her Daughter, had with the King. Others taxed her not at all, but looked- upon other causes, the same counsels, which, long before her arrival, had distempered England-, but the people made their judgement upon it, from her actions, or successes, in other places. ^ut, however it were, the Queene was feareful of the people here, and had, not long before, desired to have a guard allowed her, pretending feare of her life, by reason of some attempts, which she conceived to have been made against her ; upon which a Guard was set about her house. Her Regency in France had not beene happy, nor according to the interest of that Kingdome ; though that, perchance, may be accounted a fault, not so par- ticular to her as commonly incident to the Regency of Queene-Mothers in that Land : In so much as Thuajnus commends the saying of Charle* the Ninth (a Prince whom otherwise he doth not praise) upon his death* bed, '1 hat,.since hemmt dye at that age, (being foure and twenty ) he thanked God he had no Sonne, least France should fall -under .a Regency, of which he had found the sad effects. His Mother was Katharine De Medicis, of the same Family with this Queene. After the time -of her Regency, her actions had been such, that the King her Sonne would not harbour her in his owne Kingdome; nor was she welcome mto the Territories of her Sonne in Law, the King of Spaine. But the people there Tvere no lesse desirous of her departure than afterward in England. Insomuch as she became a strange example of the instability of himiane fortunes, that so great a Queen, and Mother to so many mighty Princes, should want a quiet Harbour for her age. And soon after dies Not long after her departure from England, she died at Culleine, and might seeme Jo^"K G'ermS^. ^pa^^^llel, in some things, to the famous Empresse of Rome who founded that City, and there planted a Roman Colony, A&rii-pina, the wife of Claudius Cesar, and the Mother of Nero. T hey both had tasted of power, been active in it but not pleasing to the ptople. They were both taught, that the greatnesse of their Sonnes, was PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 73 MFas not so much advantage to their Power, as they had hoped ; and had learned, that all power dependent upon another, is of small validity, and lesse stability ; as Tacitus observes, speaking of the same Agrippina, Nihil rerum mortalium tarn 'tnstciliie ^Jluxumest^ qu^m fama potentice non sud vi nixie. About two Moneths before the departure of this Queene, tlie Princesse Mary, The Princess Mary, ■eldest daughter to the King, not yet ten yeares of age, was married with great eldest daughter of triumph at White-Hall, to the young Prince of Orange, William i Bishop to the' Pnnce"of" WxENNE, being then Deane of the King's Chappel, performed the solemnity, on Orange, May 2, ■Sunday the second of May^ 16*1. '*'*'• The Marriage had been before debated-of in Parliamentj and consent ed-to ; The King himselfe, upon the ninth of Frebruarjij, having declared to the Lords what large Propositions the Ambassadours of the States had made to him upon that f)urpose. The people in general were pleased with tliis Marriage, and glad the King had -cho- sen-out for his Son-in-LawaProtestant Prince, and one who was also a servant to a State •which had been long confederate with Engluhd, and whose Interest carried them the same way, they being Professors of the same Religion, and in that kindeof Discipline, to which the -greatest part of the Parliament and thePebple of England were inclmed, and to which they hoped . though that hop e was not at that time so fully declared as it was afterward) to reforme the Church oi England, asthatof nSco^fenc^hadbeen refor- med to it already. Bv this Match of the King's owne chusing, they began to hope that the Spanish'Faction in Court was not now at all prevalent, but that things might hereafter be carried on according to the right English ^s^ay^ fn this hope they Wfre the moie confirmed, seeing the Parliament go-on without any opposition from the King ; no dissension having yet happened, nor being likely to happen, as they ^conceived : for that Conspiracy, ofbringrng-up the Army against the Parliament, which we t ■uched before, was not yet discovered, nor at all tliougbt-of ; though, within few daies after, it bro'ke-otit. But ^ome there were, who suspended their joy, and were not much confident that this Marriage would bring happinesse to England, unlesse the King were perfectly right with his People, and wished the same thing as they did ; considering ontheoae side the condition of the Princebf Orange, and that he might be ambitious of more power than was due to him ; and, for that reason, might engage himselfe in a reciprocal way for the Kir'g against his People, if occasion served. On die other side, they considered the States as Politicians ofthis world, and men who had other interests in view than that of Religion ; and, if dissension should in England happen between Prince and People, (which was never but feared in some degree) might -be apt to side with the King against the just freedome of the Sub- ject; which must needs depresse the strength of England, and keqpa it from so much greatnesse as might eclipse their owne.; the King of 'Spaine being now weake, aiid they having no such feare of him as might ^force them to need England' i strength, as heretofore. But the Padiament, about the beginning of this July, were busied in such a multiplicity of Affaires, ^which,by several Committees, they daily transacted,) con- t -ceming 74 THE HISTORY OF THE cerning the reformation of domestical abuses, that it were an endlesse, and indeed an^ improper^ thing for an Historian to describe them all. The Records of Parliament- will at large satisfie those that are curious in particulars ; onely some of the chief I" will brieily touch, which happened before the King went into Scotland. Proceedin/ \' "^ _>. ^' S t, j the amy of the King Spaniard. Some reasons Were then given; but more particular cause was shewed of Spain. about ten -daies after, when a second Letter came from the King, in which his -Majesty declared. That the Spanish Ambassadour claimed his promise, from which in honour he could not recede. Notwithstanding, since he had found that Ambas- sadpwr, sp reasOTi^ble, as that he was content to accept of two thousand; he hoped the ParSament would not deny that. The House tooke it into consideration; and within two dayes, the Lord of Fawkland, a Member of the House of Commons, at a conference delivered to the Lords, gave reasons in the name of that House, 'why it was very unfit to gifaM the- Kifikg's desire^ because the Spaniard was not only -an Ally, and confederate, but an assistant, to the Emperour agsdnst the Prince Elec- tor, his Majesties Nephew; who, by the power and oppression of that Emperour, had been long deprived of his Inheritance: And at this time, when the King had pub» lishedaManifestoinbeha,lf of his Nephew, and tothat purpose sent an Ambassadour to the Dyet of Ratisbone, it would seem to be a contradiction in the >King to assist the Enemies of the said Prince Elector, wbich might be considered asadrawingof his own Sword against himself: besides the great prejiwiiceat must needs bring tothe Protes- „ tant cause, whichthis present Parliament so much "intended and laboured to promote. lefuses its consent. Upon these reasons it was thought fit not to consent to the King's desirein that point. And, igjKoedigtely the two Houses of Parlis«Q!^iit adjo,ume.d tbf mg^lves, frorath^ day^ being the eighth of Sej&/e»i^er,, till the twentieth of October, and appomted a standing Committee of fifty Members during that recesse. Before the Accesse and raeeting-again of the Parliament, Letters came from the English Committee in Scotland, and w^re read before that standing Comtriittee of TVestrmn,sM)(;_ imporlang the discovery of a Trea§pnabk plbt against the lives of Marquesse Hamilton, and^rthers, the greatest Peeres of Sco^/anc/; the conspirators agE^nsrthe Lives of being the Earle of Craz//or(£, and some others. How it was discovered, or how the Marquis of Ha- prevented, or whether the Kingh^d apy privity to it { though oae of thjat country ^r'eatPerrlof'fcot-^^^^^''^'^® Written very plainly, -ch^guig- the King with it) because the States of land, in October, S co//aracf were very silent in ft, the Parliatnenit of England took the less^ notice of ^^* it : Only the standing Committee, for avoiding the like attempts at London^ and fearing that such might flow from the sanfie spring, appointed scroag guards to be placed in many parts of the City, till further dii'ections njight be.giv«afrpm the tvyo Houses at tl^iir Accesse. The malignancy, which at that time began to appear ■Jn;.peQple of th^fi ^jondiuon and q,u^lity whichi wee before meatiosBe^,. and was xnai PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 81 not only expressed in usual discourse among their companions, but vented in scur- rilous and Ijitter Libels against those Lords and Commons who were generally reputed the most sedulous for the Common-wealth, was cause sufficient to increase the feares and jealousies of the Parliament. But that fatal fire, which so sadly wasted the three Kingdoms, broke-out in that The PapisU of Ire. in which it was least feared ; and those that seemed most secure, were the first sufferers. ^„ ^ massacreMiT For about the end of October, 1641 , during the King's abode in Scotland, the most Protestants, ia Octo- barbarous and bloody Rebellion that ever any age or Nation were guiky of, broke- ^^'^' '^'*'- out in Ireland. The atrocity of it is without a parallel; and as full of wonder was the close carriage of so black and far-reachiag a Designe. The innocent Protest- ants were, upon a suddain, disseised of their Estates, and the persons of above two hundred thousand men, women, and children, raurthered, — many of them with ex- quisite and unheard-of tortures, — within the space of one month. That which encreased . the amazement of most men, was. The consideration that the ancient hatred, which the Irish (a thing incident to conquer'd Nations) had formerly borne to the English, did now seeme to be quite buried and forgotten ; forty years of, peace had compacted those two Nations into one body, and cemerited them together by all conjunctures of alliance, intermarriages, and consanguinity, which was in outward appearance strengthened by frequent entertainments, and all kinds of offices of good neighbburhood. There seemed in many places a mutual transmigration fas was observed by a noble Gentleman, whose place in that King- Sir John Temple. dom gave him means to know it, out of whose faithful relation of that Rebellion and Massacre, I have partly collected my discourse of it) into each others manners. JV[any English strangely degenerating into the Irish manners ^ customes, and many Irish, especially of the better sort, having taken-up the English language^ apparel, and decency of living^in their private houses. The present Government was full of lenity and moderation ; and some redresse of former grievances had then been newly granted by the King to his Irish subjects. The same Gentleman, in his History of the Irish rebellion, ("where the Re&der may more fully informe himself of particulars) affirms, that he could never hear of any one Englishman that received any certain notice of this conspiracy, till that very evening before which it was to be put in execution. Some intimations had been given by Sir William Cole, in a Letter to the Lords-Justices, Sir William Parsons, and Sir John Burlace, with the rest of the Council, concerning dangerous resorts, and meetings of some persons who were judged fit instruments for such a mischief. This horrid plot, contrived with so much secrecy, was to take effect upon the The Castle of Dublin 2Sd^ of October. The Casfle of Dublin, the chief strength of that Kingdome, and '^ saved fr°m the principal Magazine of the King's Armes and Ammunition, (where all those Armes by a"lucky discovery which were taken from the late disbanded Irish Army, and others, which the Earl of the intended at- of, Strafford had provided, were deposited,) was to be seized by nine of the clock SghKre'it was to that day by the Rebels; for which purpose many of the Irish Gentry of great fae made, quality, were, the night before, come to Dublin, to be in readjaesse for the per- ftirming of that exploit. It was further agreed among those conspirators, that, M upon ?3 THE HISTORY OF THE upon the same day, all other his Majesties Forts and Magazines of Armes and Ammunition in that Kingdom should be surprized, and all Protestants and English^ that would aot joyn with them, should be cut-off. But it pleased God to prevent the seisure of that Castle, and so to save the Kingdon]^ from being wholly lost in one day ; and that by a means strange and unexpected. Hugh Mac Mahon, Esquire, grand-son to the famous, Rebel Tyrone, a Gentleman of a plentiful fortune in the county of Monagan, and one that had served in Armes under the King of Spain as Lieutenant-Colonel, a principal Agent in this Rebellion, being come with others (as aforesaid) into Dublin the day before that great Designe was to be put in execution, being the 22nd of October, admitted into his com- pany at a Tavern in that City, one Owen Conally, of Irish extraction, but a Protestant, and servant to Sir John Clotworthy, a Member of the English Parliament. To this Owen he revealed so much, as they were drinking, / that the honest man, escaping from him, (though not jvithout great danger to himself, at the present,) informed the Lord- Justice Parsons, thatonight, about nine of the clock, of a dangerous Designe upon the whole Kingdom ; which being taken into present consideration, Mac Mahon was apprehended, and, after his examination, the Lord Maquire also, another principal actor j who were both committed to close custody, and the Castle secured with all diligence. But many conspirators of great note escaped that night out oi Dublin, as Birne, More, Px-unket, and others. ATroclamatio^a . The Lords of the Council,, amazed at the discovery of so horrid a Treason, did, agaiiKt the I rwhKe- notwithstanding, endeavour (since there was no prevention ; for Mac Mahon had the^'Council at Dub- plainly told them, when he was examined, that, by that time all the counties of '•>«. Ireland were risen,) to use the best remedies to that de^erate disease ; and hoping that, perchance, the news how the plot for seizing of i)M2)/m-castle was disappointed, might somewhat dishearten the consjarators in remote parts, and encourage the good Subjects with more confidence to stand upon th'eir guard ; issued-forth a Proclamation -presently, and, by careful messengers, spread it into as many parts of the Kingdom as they could. The effect of which proclamation was, to sigmfie the discovery of the Treason, and exhort all men to do their duty in suppressing ' of it. But the general Designe was past prevention ; and that very day there came-in some poor English Protestants, and others in a short time, every day, and almost every hour ; shewing how they had been robbed, and their houses surprised, by the Rebels, whose outrage daily increased in rapine and murdering, and firein^ Towns and . Villages in divers counties. To oppose, therefore, the growth of that desperate malady, the Lords-Justices (dispatching Letters to the King in Scotland, and to the Earle' of Lei-cester, lately made Lieutenant of Ireland by the King, and yet resident at London, of their lamentable condition,) examined with all diligence how they MUitary Stores in "^ere providedfor such a War. They found in Dublin, Stores, and Armes for ten '»«blin Gastie. thousandmen, with Artillery, Powder, Matchand Lead proportionable, laid-in by the late Earie oi Strafford; which, though designed by himanother way, were yet reserved,^ by PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 83, by. God's providence, for th'is service. But the Officers and souldiers of the old stand- ing army were so much dispersed into remote places of the Kingdom, for the guard of other Forts, that there was scarce any possibility of drawing a considerable company together to defend Dublin, or make head against the Rebels in the North. The greatest mischief to the State, and advantage to tne Rebels, was, That there was no Money in the Exchequer ; and besides, the King's Revenues^ and the Rents of English Gentlemen due for that halfe-year, were either in the hands of the Tenants, or of the Collectors, in the country, and must unavoidably fall into the Rebels power ; so that, although their disease were present, the only means of cure was remote, which was a dependance upon some supplies from the Parliament of England: Upon the very day designed for the surprisal of the Castle at Dublin, the 23rd of The Irish rebellion- October, the Northern Rebels broke-out in the Province of Ulster, and in few J'^'f p ';°^'^f "Z^;."' dayes got possession of so many Towns, Forts, and Gentlemen's Houses, within ster, Octobev iS;. the counties of that Province, as might seeme almost incredible, if we consider '*'*'• only the chief actors, men of no great skill in Martial affairs^ or any policy : such as Sir Phelim Oneale, and his Brother, with the rest ; and not rather (which in- deed was the true reason,) the general engagements of the Irish, and their deep dissimulation, concurring with the great credulity of the English, upon the causes aforementioned, of so long intermixed co-habitation, and friendly Relations betwixt them. Both these were the causes which afterward encreased the Massacre of the English, who, when the fire brake-out, implored the friendship of their Irish neighb "Jirs, Landlords, or Tenants; committing into their hands and protection their treasure, wives and children, with all that was dear unto them, in hope that former frit-ndship might prevail. But they, generally, either betrayed them into the power of other Rebels, or perfidiously and cruelly murdered them with tl^eir own hands : which extreme falshood and cruelty in the Irish was thought to be much encreased by the charmlngs of their Priests, who told them, " That it was a mortal sin to protect^ or relieve, any of the -English." '^I'hat intermixture of the Nations did also, at this sad time, make the English lesse able to defend themselves than if they had lived singly by parties of their own. For, where the English were able to make any head, or stand upon their guard, (though in such an amazement and suddain surprisal) they defended them- selves beyond belief, till the Irish (principled by their Priests) offered them fair Quarter ; with assurance of lives and goods, safe- conduct, and free passage to what places they pleased ; confirming such covenants with deep oathes, and protesta- The treachery ami tions, and sometimes under their hands and Seales. But, when they had the deceived cruelty of the Irish, English in their power; the Souldiers' spoiled, stripped, and murdered them at £„gi'5^°^*y,t'^^tj their pleasure. So were many served ; as, at Armagh, by Sir Phelim Oneaie and his Brother ; at Belterhert, by Philip Orelley ; and ztLongford, Tullough, and other Castles in the County of Fermanagh, by others of those Rebels. But, if the English, (who stood to defend their private houses, and so were the more easily cut-off,) could have deserted their habitations at the first rising, and joyned them- selves into bodies, they might, happily, have made a better resistance. Whilest M 2 these g4 *I'HE HISTORY OF TTHE these inhumane cruelties and Massacres were acting in miserable Irsland,znd daily- spreading themselves in every part of that Kingdom ; many Counties in seversJ Provinces declaring themselves, and following the barbarous example of those in Ulster ; the sad newes was brought to the Parliament of England. , Vigorous proceed- The first Letters, which before were mentioned^ sent from the Lords- Justices ^^gs of the English yp^^ ^j^g 25th of October, were carried, and delivered at London, on the last day sifpp're'^slon of Ae^ of that month by Owen 6 Conally, the happy discoverer of the first Plot ; with Irish Rebellion, Oct. a full information of all particulars within his loxowledge : which by the Lords, who 27, 1641. ^g^^ g^gj acquainted with it, was delivered at a Conference to the House of Com^- mons J who presently ordered. That the Home forthwith should be resolved into A Cojiimiitee, to consider the matter offered concerning the Rebellion in Ireland, as likewise to provide for the safety q/* England. By which Committee, it was agreed that 50,000 pound should presently be provided ; and that the Loane of it should be entreated from the, City of London upon Publick security. 2. That a Select Com- mittee of both Houses should be named to consider the affairs of Ireland. 3. That Owen 6 Conai-ly, who discovered this great Treason, should have 500 pound presently paid him ; and 200 pound per annum Pension, till Proviaon in Land of a greater value be made for him. 4. That Papists of quality be secured in their several Counties within England. S. That no persons whatsoever^ except those who are Merchants, shall be admitted to go-over into Ireland, without Certificates from the Committee of both Houses appointed for the affairs of Ireland. These things were reported to both Houses, and willingly assented-to, withia two dales after the discovery first made unto them of that Rebellion. And (not- withstanding those present distractions in England, which began then to appeat| part of every day, during that November, was allotted to the consideration of Ireland, Within four dayes after the beginning of which month, they ordered maiiy particulars of great import for the relief of it, consisting of supplies of Money, Magazines of Victuals,, Ammunition of all sorts, courses to be taken for raising Forces for the occasions of that Kingdom ; and shipping for guard of their Sea-coasts ; as more particularly appeareth in the records of Parliament. Whilst the English Parliament were thus ordering the affaires of bleeding Ireland^ oth^- Letters from the Lords- Justices bearing date the fifth of November were And in November, brought, and communicated to both Houses. Who, in earnest zeal to the pro- '^*'' motion of that businesse, voted two hundred thousand pounds to be raised for suppressing the Irish Rebellion, securing England^ and payment of the Publick debts. For which, the City of London must of necessity be made use ef, (col- lections through the Kingdom being too slow for such an urgency). And, to encourage the City in it, an Order was made to secure them for monies formerly ■ lent, and to allow them the full Interest of eight per cent, for all-together. Whitest the English Parliament were thus busied about the relief of Ireland^ the horrid Rebellion with a swift motion ran throughout that unhappy Kingdom, many Counties daily joyning with them j and divers Lords and Gentlemen, who for many daies had lived unsuspected in Dublin, went into the Country to side with ■PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 85 with the Rebels, and act their parts in those inhumafte outrages : the Lords- Justices and Privy Council were enough troubled to secure Dublin^ to victual the Castle, and prepare defence against those dangers, which threatned the City, and were made much more by the feares of spoyled people resorting thither. But the care of the Privy-Council extended further, (notwithstanding the troubles there ) than to the City of Dublin ; .and, having a Magaziiie of Armes with- in the Castle, they resolved so to dispose of them as that resistance might be made against the Rebels in other parts. Some Armes were happily disposed-of to such Gentlemen (Sir Henry Tichborne, Sir Charles Coote, and others, of whom «nore hereafter) as, to their lasting honour, did excellent servifce. But another part of them were worse than lost, namely, those which were distributed td the Lords and The treachery of the Gentlemen of the English Pale ; who afterwards declared themselves for the Rebels, ^°[^^ °^ ^^^ English and used the Arms to the destruction of those who had put them into their hands. That English Pale is a large circuit of Land, possessed at the first conquest of Ireland by the English, and ever since inhabited by them; containing divers Counties, as^ Dublin, Meth, Lowth, Kildare, i^c. ■ The Lords of the Council thought fit to trust those Lords and Gentlemen of the Pale both with Commissions and Armes (though many of them were professed Papists) hoping that this great Confidence would work so far upon their hearts, (if any truth or loyalty were left there,) as to keep them, at least, from joyning with the enemy ; and, if they were honest, would enable them to oppose the threatning incursions of the Northren Rebels. This great Ti'ust the Council were more en- couraged to repose in these perfidious Lords and Gentlemen of the Pale, because themselves had appeared at Dublin of their own accords, professing truth and loy- alty, with deep and solemne Protestations, and declaring that they were most forward -and ready to concur with their Lordships in that service. But so great an affliction was to fall upon unhappy Ireland, that all those Lords Suchof them as were that were Papists, after they had received Commissions and Airmes, notwithstand- papists, break their ing all their deep vowes, did most perfidiously, soon after, desert their houses, and o°f L^yaftyfrn'd'jX openly declare themselves in actual Rebellion ; such as were Viscount Mongan- the Irish rebels. NET, GoRMANSTON, and CosTELOE, DiLLON, Birne;, Bellek, Talbot, and many others. The Condition of Dublin was more lamentable every day than other ; and not so much afflicted were they with feares and dangers which threatned themselves, as by that extream; sorrow, which compassion must needs work in them, toward all the suffering English which resorted thither. Dublin was the Sanctuary of all the de- spoiled Protestants; and, by that meanes, became the sad stage, upOn which all hor- ror was represented ; and what mischiefes soever were acted in other parts, were there discovered and lamented. Their eyes were sad witnesses of" the Rebels cruelty, in those despoiled English which daily resorted to the City ; but their eares were much more afflicted with the relation of those horrid tortures, which had been used to those who died in other parts. Their eyes could not but extremely suffer from such ■wretched Spectacles as daily, from all parts, presented themselves j People of all conditions. S6 THE HISTORY OF THE conditions and qualities, of every age and Sex, spoiled, and stripped, with no coverings, but ragges, or twisted straw, to hide their privities ; some wounded al- niost to death, others frozen with cold, some tired with travel, and so surbated that they came into the City creeping on their knees ; others famished beyond all relief. And, besides the miseries of their bodies, their minds were tortured with the losse of all their fortunes, and sad remembrance of their husbands, wives, or children,^ most barbarously murdered before their faces. In this most lamentable plight, with wasted bodies and distracted mindes, did they arrive at Dublin ; some to be relieved, some entombed (which was more thaa their murdered friends could obtaine from the Rebels) insomuch as they appeared like walking ghosts in every street, and all the^ Barnes, Stables, and out-houses were filled with them ; where they soon died, (after ' they had recovered the City,) in so great numbers^ that all the Church-yards of Dublin could not contain them : but the Lords were enforced to take-in large pieces of ground on both sides of the River, to set-apart for burying-places* HorrM acts of cruelty But that part of this woeful Tragedy, which was presented to their eyes, was the Irii^'rdje^''^*^ least, and but the shadow of that other, which was related to their eares j of which the Readers and all posterity may share the sorrow. Many hundreds of those yjhich had escaped did, (under their oathes, lawfully taken upon examination, and recorded with all particulars; as may be seen at large in the Records;) deliver to the Council what horrid Massacres the bloudy villains had made of men, women, and children; and what cruel inventions they had used to torture those whom they mur- dered ; scarce to be equalized by any, the most black and baleful, story of any age. Many thousands of them at several places ( toa many to be here inserted) after all despites exercised upon them living, were put to the worst of deaths ; some were burned on set purpose ; others drowned for sport and pastime ; and, if they swam, were kept from lahding with poles, or were shot and murdered In the water ; many were buried quick, and some set into the earth breast-high, and there left to famish. But- most barbarous (as appears In very many examinations) was that cruelty which was, shewed to great- bellied women j whom the villalnes were not content merely to mur- der, but ripped -up their bellies, and many times took delight to see the Hogges eate the abortive Infants. But I am loath to dwell upon so sad a narration. The greatest part of these Inhumane cruelties were acted by the Irish upon the poor, unarmed, Brittalnes, before any provocation given unto them :and,as the blood of so many thousand Innocent persons was now sacrificed to their meer malice, so an equal number were afterwards sacrificed to their revenge ; as, whensoever the Irish received any blow from English Forces, the English Protestants, that lived among them, were murdered in great numbers. By this time the Lords of the Council had armed as many as they were able, Vigorous proceed- and given Commissions for raising of several Regiments, which were put into the thf cf uncinn'lre-° ^^^'^^ (*°^ ^^^ ^°st part) of gallant men, as their actions after testified to the worid. land, against the Sir Charles Coote, an active and valiant man, (who was also made Governour of ie^befiei/" ^'^ Dublin,) with great speed made-up his Regiment out of the poor, robbed, and stripped English, which had fled to Dublin j Sir Henry Tichborne, a worthy Commander, TARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 87 "Commander, was dispatched-away with a Regiment of Foot, to keep Tredagh from the approaching Rebels: The Lord Lambert also, Sir Thomas Lucas, Captain Armestrong, Captain Yarner, with others, raised, by Commissions, souldiers there. This, was done about the middle of November ; at which time also the Earle of Ormond, with his well-armed Troop of Horse, came to Dublin ; where, within few The Earl of Ormond dayes after, he was, by a Commission sent from the Earl of Leicester, Lord-Lieute- GeMral^fljiXe'*" nant of Ireland (as likewise by the King's approbation from Scotland, signified in Forces in Ireland, a Letter,") made Lieutenant-General of all the Forces there. For the Earl of lieicester at that lime was not enabled so far with necessaries for the service ef Ireland, as to repair thither in person. The Earl also sent-over to the Lords at Dublin (together with an Order of the Lords and Commons of the Parliament in England) comfortable Letters in this time of distresse, to let them know that the King had referred the whole businesse of Ireland to the Parliament of England ; who had undertaken the charge and The King entrusts ' inanag«netit of the War, had declared a speedy and vigorous assistance, had the whole business of designed for their present supplies thesumme of -50,000 pound, and taken order Rjbelllon^^to the '^ for all further provisions necessary. English Parliament. But, that they might not be altogether destitute of real comfort, the Parliament of England sent them over at the same time Twenty thousand pound, which ar- rived most seasonably at Dublin (their treasure beginning utterly to fail,) for pay- ing those new Companies which they had raised. About the end of November, the Lords-Justices and Council of Ireland, considering the miserable desolations brought upon that whole Kingdom, and The Lords-Justices what miseries were further threatened. Commanded, by Proclamation, a Publike p^ y^'^°p order a and religious Tast to be weekly observed upon Friday in the City of Dublin, to kept weekly at Implore the mercy and assistance of Almighty God, and divert his heavj Indig- Dabiin. nation from them. CHAT. 83 CHAP. II. The King returneth out o/'Scotlandj and is pompously en- tertained by the City o/Ijondon. The Remonstrance is: published by the Parliament. The King entreth inta the House of Commons. The Ptotestation of the twelve Bishops; and how it was censured by the Lards and Commons, Divers unhappy obstructions oj the relief of Ireland. JjUT, to leave Ireland struggling against her sad and woeful calamities, and re- turne again to the AflFairs of England ;— at that same time about the end of Novem- ■ The King returns ^^^> 1641, the King, being returned from Scotland, was by the City oi London enter- from Scotland at tfie tained, feasted, and conducted to his Palace at White'hall, with as pompous Solera- 1641°^'^°^^™''^'^' '^^'y* ^^^ costly expressions of Love and Duty, as ever any King of England was. Of which extraordinary testimonies of affection toward him, the King seemed very sensible, and returned Thanks to the City ; inviting, within few dayes after, the chiefe of them to Hampton-Court^ where they were feasted^ and divers Alder- men were knighted by his Majesty. The English House While the King resided at Hampton-Court, the House of Commons presented of Commons present ^q jjjjjj ^ Remonstrance, or Declaration of the state of the Kangdom ; wherein all strance to^'thtfKing, the chiefe grievances and oppressions, which the Nation had groaned-under since coniaining a recital the beginning of his Reign until that time, were recited; but with as much tender- of die 'eop'iiT^''"'^^* nes^e of expression, and respect to his Person (for such care they took, as it appeared thiougbout the in that Petition of theirs which accompanied the Remonstrance) as in the utterance Kings rei^n, Decern- of g^ much truth could possibly be shewn. For all the fault is laid upon ill ' ' Ministers, who are called a Malignant Party. That Remonstrance, some little time before the King's return out of Scotland, had PARLIAMENT OF ENGSLAND. 39 liad been with much earnestnesse debated in the House of Commons: and at that time when it was Voted, so much divided was the House, that not above nine voices carried it. So fierce and long Were the disputations about it, and arguments urged on both aides, that not only the day, but a great part of the night was spent in it. For the House arose not until two of the clock in the morning. The prevailing part alledged for it (as it was afterward expressed in their Petition 'to the King) that Their intention was only to inform his Majesty, his Peers, and all other his loyal Sulfjects; with no purpose M all of laying the least blemish upon "his Person, but to represent how much his Royal Authority and Trust had been abused tQ the great prejudice and danger of his Majesty, and all his good Sub- jects. It was alledged by many Gentlemen in ordinary discourses, who were of the same opinion that the prevailing Voters in Parliament were, That such a Remon- strance might be of good use, and that the King, (having, perchance, been ignorant, in some degree, of how much evil had formerly been wrought) mightj by this Remonstrance, be not only brought to a knowledge of his past Errors, but to a salubrious fear of offending again, by considering how publick and manifest to the World the defaults of Princes in point of Government must needs appear. The other side were of opinion. That this Remonstrance, instead of directing him for the future, would teach him only to hate the makers of it, as upbraiders of his 'crimes, and as persons that went-about to lessen, or blemish, (and so theKing seemed to relish it, ^s appeared in his Answer printed,) his Reputation with the people. They held it fitter at such atime, when the King's Afi"ections were dubious toward the Parliament, to win him by the sweeter way of concealing his Errors, than, by publishing of them, to hazard the provocation of him, with whom it was not behovefiil to contest, unlesse they were in hope to change his disposition for the -future, or ascertained of their own power, and resolved to make full use of it. For mine own part, I will make no judgement at all upon it ; nor can we truly judge by the successe of things. But such an unhappy Genius ruled those times ( for Historiafls have obsei»ved a Genius of times, as well as of climates, or men,) that no endeavours proved successful ; nor did any actions produce the right (though s probable) effects. Who would not in probability have judged that the forementioned costlyand splen- did entertainment, which the City of London gave to the King, would have exceed- ingly endeared them unto him,and produced no effects but those of love and concord? Yet accidentally it proved otherwise. For many people, ill-affected to the Parliament, gave it out in ordinary discourse (Non ignota loquor, it is a known truth ; ) that the City were weary of the Parliament's tedious proceedings, and would be ready to join with the King against them. Whether it begat the same opinion in the King or not, I ,cannot tell ; but certainly some conceived so, by, some of the King's actions which immediately followed, expressing a greater confidence against the N Parliament ^ THE HISTORY OF THE Parliament than before, displacing some from such Trusts, as had been conferred on them : Insomuch that the City presently after, finding what ill use was made of these expressions, were enforced to declare themselves in a Petition to both Houses; " That, since some ill-affected People had interpreted their Loyal and " affectionate entertainment of the King, as a sign that they would wholly adhere " to him, and desert the Parliament; they openly professed the contrary; and " that they would live and die with them for the good of the Common-wealth." After which, the City,, no lesse than the Parliament, did seera to be distasted both by the King and Queen. The fears and jealousies that now feigned, were of a sadder nature than the fears Fears and Jealousies of any former times had been. Two years before, the people feared, that whilest thelv"i'amMt°^?n'^ ^^'^ ^"S ^^'^^^i they should never see a Parliament; but now they began to fear December, i64i. that no Parliament could do them good. At this time began that fatal breach between King and Parliament to ^pear visibly, and wax daily wider, never to be closed, until the whole Kingdom was, by sad degrees, brought into a ruinous War. From henceforth no true confidence appeared between him and that high Court; every day almost contributed somewhat to the division ; and Declarations upon several occasions were published to the world ;. of which, though the language, for the most part, were fairely couched, and sweetened with frequent intermixtures of gracious expressions from the King, and affectionate professions from the Parlia- ment; yet the substance was matter of expostulation: and many intervening actions (which we shall endeavour to expresse particularly) did so far heighten them, and sharpen, by degrees, the style, till those Paper-contestations became a fatal Prologue to that bloody and unnamral War which afterward ensued. The King, to answer that Remonstrance before mentioned, published a Declara- tion to justifie his own Honour and Government ; and at the same time sent a Mes- sage to the Common-Council of London, complaining of tumultuary assemblies of People from the City, dailj resorting to ff'estviinsterf to the disturbance of that place, and his Palace of Wliite-halL For people about that time, in great numbers, used to present Petitions to the Parliament, and makeProtestations of their fidelity to them, in these times of fearsand jealousies, which grew now so great that theHouse of Commons, upon the sameday that the King sent that compljiining Message to the City, Petitioned him to allow them a Guard for security of their Persons while they sate : alledging in the Petition that there was a Malignant Party bitterly envenomed against them, who did daily gather strength and confidence, and were now come to that height of boldnesse, as to give-out insolent and menacing speeches against the Farliament itselfe. It was therefore their humble desires that they might have a Guard out of the City, commanded by the Earl of Essex, Lord-Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold^ of whose fidelity to King and Common-wealth no question was ever made. Which PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. gj "Which Petition was denied by the King ; but with a solemn engagement of himself by the Word of a King, that the security of all, and every one of them, from violence was, and ever should be, as much his care, as the preservation of himself and his Children ; and, if this general assurance would not suffice to remove these apprehensions, he would command such a Guard to watte upon them, as he would be responsible for to almighty God, The next day after that the King had thus answered the Petition of the House, The King goes to b^ing the fourth of January, 1641, he gave unhappily a just occasion for all men the House of Com- to think that their fears and jealousies were not causelesse. For upon that day the "°"^',^''' \P^'"'y °f IT- I n !• • T. 1 1 •! ^1 (• ^ ■^ 1 armed men, to arrest Kmg came to the rariiament m rerson, attended with a great number or Gentle- five of the members, men, Souldiers, and others armed with Swords and Pistols, to the number of about January 4th, i64i-3. three hundred, who came-up to the very door of the House of Commons, and placed themselves there, and in all passages neer unto it: The King in Person entered the House of Commons, and demanded five Members of that House to be delivered to him. The manner of it was, seating himself in the Speaker's Chair, he asked him whether those five Members were there, or not ? The Speaker, Mr. William Lenthall, returned to his Majesty an humble and discreet answer, " That he had neither eyes to see, nor tongue to answer, any thing, but what he was commanded by the House." The names of those Members whom he demanded were, Mr. Denzill Hollis, second Sonne to the Earl of C/are, Sir Arthur HAsLERiG,Mr. PYM,Mr.HAMDEN, and Mr. Strode : "All Gentlemen of great esteem and reputation in the House : Two of whom, Mr. Hollis, and Mr. Strode, had before suffered many years of sharp and harsh imprisonment from the King (.after the dissolution of that Par- liament, in the fourth year of his Reign,)"for matters done in Parliament ; which was contrary to the Priviledges of that High Court. The King had the day before, by his Attorney General, Sir Edward Herbert, (a Member also of the House of Commonsy) demanded the deliverance of those five forementioned Gentlemen; and sent a Sergeant atArmes to apprehend them, pretending that hemeantto charge them, and together with them, theLord Mandevile, (eldest son to the Earl of Manches- ter,) a Member ot the House of Lords, with Articles of High Treason, and other misdemeanors, which Articles were.to.this purpose ; 1. That they had efideavoured to subvert the Government, to deprive the King of his legal power and to place on Subjects an arbitrxtry and tyrannical power. 2. That they had endeavoured, by foule aspersiom Upon his Majesties ,Govcrnment, to alienate the affections of his people j mm him. 3. That they endeavoured to draw His lute Army from His Obedi- ence, to side with them in, traiterous Designes. N 2 4 That aa THE HISTORY OF THE 4. That they trayterously in'oited and encouraged aforraigne power to invade His Majesties kingdom of England. 5. That they trayteromly endeavoured to subvert the very Rights and Beings of Parliament. 6. That they have endeavoured^ by force and terrror, to compel the Parliament to joyne with them in their trayierovs designes, and to that end have actually raised and countenanced tumults against the- King and Parliament. 7. That they have irayterously conspired to Levy, and actuality have Levyed, Warre against the King.. But the House of Commons, hearing this demand, to prevent such further breaches of Parliament-Privifedges as might ensue upon the same day, ordered upon the Question ; That, if any persons should come to the lodgings of any member of that House, and there offer to seale their Trunkes or Doors, or to seize upon their Persons, That then such Members should require the aide of the Constable to. keep such persons in safe custody, till the House did give further Order. And they further declared^ That, if any Person should offer to arrest, or detain, the Person of any Member of that House, without first acquainting the House there- with, and receiving further order from thence j that it should be lawful for such a Member, or any Person in his assistance, to stand upon his, and their, guard of defence, and to make resistance, according to the Protestation taken to defend the Priviledges of Parliaments. These things had passed the day before that the King had so entered into the House of Commons. His Majesty finding those five Members were not there (for they, by consent of the House, upon some informations of what would hj^- pen, had absented themselves) from the Speaker's Chair, where he sate, made a Speech to the House, wherein he told them. That he was very sorry for that occasion ; but yet, no King of England that ever was, should be more careful to maintain the Priviledges (^Parliament than he would be; that those five Members were dangerous men ; but he protested, in the word of a King, That he never intended any force', but to proceed against them in a legal and fair way. But sithence he could not now do that which he came for, he would trouble them no more; but expected, as soon as th&se Jive. members came to the House, that the House would send them to him : or else he would take his own course to find them. But this great breach of Priviledges of Parliament was encreased by many cir- cumstances. For the day before, being the third of January, contrary to the foreraentioued order of the House of Commons, the Chambers, Studies, and Trunks PABWAMENT OF ENGLAND; Trunks of those five Members, by a Warrant from the King, were sealed-up ; Sir William Killiorew, and Sir William Flemen, with others, being employed in that service. And within two dayes after, upon the sixth of January^ a Pro- clamation was made by the King for the apprehending and imprisoning of those five Members; wherein it was suggested, that, through the conscience of their own guilt, they were absent and fled, not willing to submit themselves to justice. Whereupon the House of Commons, in vindication of their ovm Priviledges gnd those five Gentlemen, published, within a few dayes after, a Declaration ; in which that Proclamation of the King's (entitutled there, ji Printed Paper) is declared to be false, scandalous, and illegal; and that, notwithstanding the ssud Printed Paper, ojr any Warrant issued-out, or any other matter yet appearing against them, or any of them, they may and ought to attend the service of the said House of Commonsi and the several Committees then on foot : And that it was lawful for all Persons to lodge, harbour, or converse with them, or any of them; and that whosoever should be questioned for the same, should be under the protection and Priviledge of Parliament. The House of Commons further declared. That the publishing of several Ar- ticles purporting a form of a Charge of High Treason against the Lord Mandevill, and the forenamed five Members, by Sir William Killiqrew, Sir William Flemen, and others, in the Innes of Court, and elsewhere, in the King's name, was an high breach of the priviledge of Parliament, a great scandal to his Majesty and his Government, a seditious act manifestly tending to the subversion of the Peace of the Kingdome, and an injury and dishonour to the same Members, ther^ being no legal charge, or accusation, against them^ Whereas there is mention made in the late recited words of this Declaration, con- cerning the Innes of Court, we cannot omit, that about the same time (so uiihappy a Genius of division reigned among all sorts) there wanted not some men disafiected to the Parliament, who went up and down, perswading the young Gentlemen of the Innes of Court to make offer of their service to the Ki^g, as a guard of defence, if any danger threatened his Person. Upon which, divers of those young Gentle- men, to ingratiate themselves, repaired to the Court, and were kindly regeived by the King and Queen. The Parliament at that time further declared, That the Priviledges of Parlia-. ment, and the Liberties of the Subject, so violated and broken, could not be fully and sufficiently vindicated, unlesse his Majesty would be pleased to discover the names of those persons, who advised his Majesty to issue-out such Warrants for sealing of the Chambers and Studies of the said five Members ; to send a Sergeant at Armes to the House of Commons to demand those members ; to issue-QUt Warrants for their apprehension ; to qome thither himself in Person ; to publish Articles in the forme of a Proclamation against the said Members in the fore-de- clared manner ; to the end that all such persons, who advised him to these actons, might receive condigne punishment. According to this, the Houses humbly desired his Majesty that he would so far 93 9^ 'THE HISTORY OF THfe ifar satisfte tlieir just and legal request, as to let them know those mformerS ; (fot the Law, in two several Statutes, provides that satisfaction, that, if, in time of Parlia- ment, the King accuse a Member of the same, of what crime soever, he ought to signifie to the Parliament, who were the informers ;) but the King refused to do it. TJpbn which the House of Commons examined his Atturny-General, Sir Edward Herbert, who had prefered the 'aforesaid Articles ; he confessed nothing to them concerning any other Person," or informer ; but only that he received the Command from the King himself, and knew nothing further of it. The same the King testi'- fied concerning the said Atturny in a Letter to the Lord-Keeper ; wherein he jiistifieth the Atturny 's action, as being no otherwise than the duty of a servant required. But the Parliament made another judgement of it ; as namely, that Sir Edward Herbert had broken the Priviledge of Parliament in preferring the said Articles, and done an illegal act ; upon which he was committed to prison. thes? actions of flie King did exceedingly afflict all honest Protestants, espe- cially at such a time, when the affairs of bleeding Ireland did so much, and so speedily, require the assistance of England ; which must needs, by these unhappy distractions, be retarded ; and the total losse of the Protestant Cause there much endangered. But the City of London was not the least sensible of it ; who, in a deep and sorrowful apprehension of this designe. Petitioned the King, with an ex.pression of all the feares and dangers which they conceived themselves in at The City of London that time. Tfhe things which they enumerate in their Petition are, That his .petition the King. Mcyesty had, put out a Person of Honour and Trust from being Lieutenant of the Tower ; That he had lately fortified Whitehall with men and munition in an unusual manner : Some ofivhich men had abused, with provoking language, and with drawn swords wounded, divers unarmed Citizens passing-by. To explain this branch of their Petition, the Reader must be informed. That the King, the very Jiext day after he had entred the House of Commons, as aforesaid, went in his Coach into the City of London, whither he had heard that those five Members had retired themselves ; and was everywhere humbly entreated by the Citizens, in flocks about his Coach, That he would be pleased to agree with his -Parliament, and not infringe the Priviledge thereof. The King, perceiving which way the affections of the City went, returned again to White-hall, where he staid about a week after. Buring which time ( by what advice, or to what intention, I cannot tell,) he built there a little Court of Guard, and entertained some Gentlemen, and others, who, as the Petition declares, ;gave those affronts to divers Citizens that passed-by. They complain likewise in the Petition of the late endeavours used to the Innes of Court: the calling-in divers Canoniers, and other assistants into the Tower : the late discovery of divers Fire-works in the hands of a Papist. But most of all (say they) our feares are encreased by your Majesties lat^ going into the House of Commons, attended luith a great number of armed men, besides your ordinary Guard, for apprehending divers Members of that House, to the endanger- Jng of your sacred Person, and of the Persons and Priviledges of that Honourable Assembly. The effects- of all ivhich fears tend, not only to the overthrow ere •willing and ready ingsin the iion&eotto herform their duties in Parliament : But, whereas, comintr to perform Lords since the 27th ^/■'^•^ , . ,, 7 ,, 7~°i', of December, 1641. that duty and service, they have been rudely menaced, affronted-, and put in fear of their lives by multitudes of people, and canfinde no redresse or protection upon complaint made, they therefore humbly protest before tlis Majestie and the noble Peers, that, saving to themselves all their Rights and Interests of sitting and'voting in that House at other tim^s, 4hey dare not sit, or vote, in the House of Peers, until his Majestie shall further Stcure them. And, because their fears are not vain, but upon true grounds and objects, jhey do, in all duty and humility, therefore protect before bis Majestie and the' Peets, against all Laws, Orders^. Votes, Resolutions and Determi- nations, as in themselves null, and of none effect, which in their absence^ since the z']th of this instant December, 1641, have already passed, m likewise against all such as shall hereafter passe, during this their enforced absence from the taid House. Which Protestation fhey desired the King to comm'and the Cletlc of that House to record. The Lords of Parliament immediately delivered by the tmouth of the Ldrd Keeper, at a Conference, to the House of Commons, That seeing this Protestation was of tiangerous consequence, and deeply entrenching upon the funrisbn. Being PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 97 Benig of Parliaments ; and to desire the Lords that they might be forthwith seques- tred from Parliamentj and put into safe custodie ; and that their Lordships would appoint a speedie day for the Commons to charge them; The I^rds instantly sent the Black-Rod to finde out these Bishops, and apprehend them : so that by eight of the clock at night they were all taken, and brought upon their knees to the Bar, and ten of them committed to the Tower: two of them, in regard of their age, were committed to the Black-Rod. The twelve Bishops were these : Jo. Eboruc. Thomas Duresme,^K63ERT Coven, and Lichfield,]os. Norwich, Jo. Asaph, Guil. Bath £5* Wells, Geo. Hereford, Rob. Oxon. Matth. Ely, Godfrey Glouceitery Jo. Peterborough, Moll, handqff. Such work as this was d?iily made to the Parliament of England ; whereby not Of the conditio^ of. onely the relief of Ireland was wholly obstructed, but all redresse of the grievances ^^^^'^ '" Decern-' of England, and settlement of the State there, was so long retarded, till both ^'' ' Kingdoms were at last involved in the same War and Confusion. It was a strange thing that so barbarous and bloody a Rebellion should break-out in Ireland, without any the least suspicion or fear of such a Calamity, without any cause given by the innocent English Protestants : a!nd surely it may seem as strange a thing, if well considered, that the revenge of so horrid and inhumane a Massacre should be thus hindered; and indeed it n^ight be thought almost impossible, unlesse the raising of the one, and hindering the other, proceeded from the same cause. There was a great hope about the beginning of December, that Ireland would speedily be relieved, and Forces transported but of Scotland within a short time to that purpose, considering what careful provisions the Parliament of England (as is before related) had made upon the first notice of it. But at that time the King was returned from Scotland ; and in a Speech to the Parliament, in which he conjured them to proceed in the businesse of relieving Ireland,he likewise took notice of a Bill for pressing of Souldiers for Ireland, depending in the House of Peers, and declared his dislike of putting it in that way ; being, as he said, a great infringement and diminution of his Royal Prerogative j telling them withal, that he was little beholding to that man, who began such a dispute concerning the bounds of his ancient and undoubted Prerogative. But he offered at last that the Bill might passe with a Salvo jure both to King and People, leaving such debates to a time that might better bear it. This Speech of the KingVwas much distasted by both Houses, as a great breach of Parliament-priviledge, insomuch as they framed a Petition to him, wherein they expresse, That the King, by taking notice of the debate in the House of Lords concerning a Bill for pressing of SouldierSj had broken the fundamental Priviledge of Parliament, which is, that he ought not to take notice of any matter in agitation or debate in either Home, but by their information, and agreement ; and that he ought not to propound any condition, or limitation, to a Bill in debate and prepa- ration, or to manifest his approbation, or dislike, of the same, until it be presented to his Majestic in due course of Parliament ; and that every particular M,ember, of o eitheis 98 THE HISTORY OF THE either Hatise, Lath free liberty qfspeechy to propound or debate matters accordit^ to Order of Parliament ; and that the King ought not to conceive displeasure against him for such opinions or propositions. They intreated likewise a reparation for that great breach of Priviledg e ; and for prevention of the like, that the King would make known who they were, by whose mis-information and evil counsel he had done it, that they might receive condign punishment. This businesse took-up some time, and was one unhappie impediment to the sudden relief of Ireland, notwithstanding the high necessities of that Kingdom, and the affections of England in general to It ; and so heavily went-on all prepa- rations, tjiat it was long tefore the House of Commoi;s .could finde means to enable the Lord-Lieutenant to send-over so much as one Regiment, for defence An English regiment of the Gastle and City of Dublin, which was commanded by a worthy Gentleman, on the sis^t^^De-" ^ir SiMON Habcourt ; who being designed Govemour of the City of Dublin^ ^embfer, 1641. was sent-away by Order of Parliament with his Regiment, and landed there on the last day of December, 1641, to the great cqmfort of that City, being much distressed and terrified by the near approach of 'the Irish Rebelsk Another obstruction oi the relief of Ireland happened about three weeks after, when the .Scots delivered eight Proposidons to the English Parliament, touching the sending-over of Two thousand five hundred Scots, which were then in readi- nesse, into the north of Ireland. Both Houses of Parliament consented to all the Propositions; but the King excepted against one of them, being the third, which was, That the Scots desired to liave the keeping of the Town and Castle of Carrick- fergus, ivith power to remain there, or enlarge their Quarters at discretion j and, tf any Regiments, or Troops, in that Province should Joj/n with thenUt that they receive Orders from the chief Commander of the Scotish forces- Agsaa^t this Article the King took exceptions, and desired the Houses to take it again into con^ sideration, as a thing of importance, which he doubted might be prejudicial to England: But, if the House desired it should be so, himself would £pe^ with the Scotish Commissioners, to see what satisfaction he could give them therein. The Scots told his Majestie, that, since it was agreed-upon by both Houses of Parlia,- ment, and that the strength of his Majesties argument was, " That article implied too great a Trust for Auxiliary Forces," they were in good hope that his l^ajestie, being their native King, would not shew lesse trust in them, than their neighbour? Nation had freely done. 'Upon which the King at last was content to admit the Article, and the advice of his Parliament. This fatal obstruction of Ireland's rdief did i>ut second another immediately before : For at the first, the Commissioners of Scotland had not power given thera from the State there, to treat for sending-over a lesse number than ten thousand men ; which the Lords were unwilling to yeeld-to. But that obstacle seemed to be removed by the zealous affection of the House of Commons j who accordirig to those Instiuctions of the State of Spotland to their Commissioners, voted the sending-over of ten thousand Scots. But the House -of Lords, after long debate, would PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. ^ would not yeeld unto it, unlesse the House of Commons would give assurance that ten thousand English might be as speedily sent-over : which the Commons as much desired, and promised their endeavour in it ; but that the English then could not be so soon raised, much lesse transported, as the Scots, every man understood. There was no other reason given, that ever I understood, but onely That it was dishonourable for England, that Ireland should be reduced by the Scots : and this was the discourse of Papists, and other persons disaffected to the Cause, among the people every where. . Though it were much wondered-at by all good Protestants, that so nice a point of Honour should be stood-upon, when their Religion and Cause lay bleeding iii Ireland after so sad and deplorable a kinde j which began to deject the spirits of the poor Protestants in Ireland, and make them suspect some secret workings under- hand against the good affections expressed by the House of Commons, and those Lords who were well-affected to the State : for they by the greater number were over-voted, so many Popish and ill-affected Lords, besides four and twenty Bishops ( for the Bishops voices in Parliament were not then taken-away ) sitting in that House. It was then also generally talked, and much complained-of among the well-af- The Kingseems very fected people, that the King had been so backward in proclaiming those barbarous unwilling to pro- Irish, Rebels : and not onely talked among the people, but alledged by the Par--su^r^nts*inT^land liament itselfe ( in their own Declaration afterward, when the breach between King to be rebels, and Parliament grew greater) as a signe that thbse inhuOiane Rebels had beeii countienanced by the Court o/" England, in that the Proclamation whereby fhty were declared Traitors, was so long with'held, as till the first, of January, though the Rebellion broke-fofth in October before ; and then no more^ than fourty Copies were appointed to be printed^ with a special com- mand from His Majestic not to exceed that number ; and that none of them should be published^ till the King's pleasure were further signified, as by the Warrant appears, a true copie whereof was printed : so that a few onely could take notice of it. And this (say they) was made more observ' able by the late contrary proceedings against the Scots y who were in a very quick and sharp inanner proclaimed, and those Proclamations forth- with dispersed with as much diligence as might be, thoroniQ all the Kingdom y and ordered to be read in every Church, accompanied with Fubjikje Prayers and Execrations. That Declaration of the Lords and Commons, in which this is expressed con- cerning the King's slowe proclaiming of the Irish Rebels, wa3 published when the King was gone to York ; at which he was much distasted in manyp^ticulara, and returned Answer to them. Among others, because that of Ireland seemed to lie heavie upon his reputaflott, it is just that the Reader should see the King's own o % Answer 1 Sir Christopher Wray, Sir Samuel Owfeild, and. Master Hatcher, as Committees of both Houses, sent down to Hull, and the two Counties of York and Lincoln, for service of the Kingdom, that all Sheriffs, Justices, Mayors, &c. should be assisting to them upon all occasions. To that Declaration, Votes, and Orders of Assistance, of both Houses of Par- liament, the King, on the fourth oi May, returned an Answer, wherein at large he expresses how hainous the affront was, and how much he accounts himself in- jured by the Parliament, in not repairing him against Hotham ; labouring to prove by ancient Statutes there cited, that Sir John Hotham 's denial of entrance to him, was absolutely Jligh Treason by the Law of the Land. Upon Hotham's conduct PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. HI Upon this subject, within the space of one week, two other Declarations and Answers passed 'between the King and both Houses, too large to be here inserted : but the scope of the King's Declarations in general, are to vindicate his own Rights and dignity allowed him as King, by the Laws of the Land ; wherein he see'methnot to take notice of the present occasion^ or such things as are conceived dangers and thought necessary to be prevented by a Parliament atting. The Parliament, on the other side, with all humility, and reverent expressions to the King's Person, seem- ing to take no notice of any affront offered or intended to his Majestie himself, but onely of preserving Hull, the Militia, and Navy.,-aa.t of the hands of those wicked Counsellors whom they conceived to be too .prevalent with him, to the danger of ruining the Kingdom and himself.; both which they laboured to preserve, and were lawfully called to it by that Authority which belongs to Parliaments, by the Fun- damental Constitution of the English Government. They desire to inform the King, that his Interest in Towns, Arms, or the Kingdom itself, is not of that kinde which private men have in their Goods, to sell or dispose of them at pleasure ; but onely as entrusted to him for the good of all : in performance of which trust, none but the Parliament, while it sitteth, are or ought to be his Counsellors and direc- tors : that there can be no good or useful disputation, where the Principles are not granted : and it was ever heretofore taken (say they) for a certain Principle, That the Parliament sittiing is the onely Judge of what is dangerous to the Common- wealth, and what useful, as likewise what is lawful in those cases; which the King, by advice of no private Council whatsoever, ought to control, or contradict: which Principle, till the King will be pleased rightly to apprehend. Disputations and Declarations are endlesse, and no true understanding between him and his people can be begotten. Of all these things, if a Reader desire .to be satisfied in particular, he may finde the questions all fully stated by the Parliament, and the King's desires expressed by himself, in two large Declarations; one called the Parliament's third Remonstrance, dated the 26th bf May, 1642; and the King's Answer to that Remonstrance. But things began to go-on in an high manner; the Parliament authorizing Sir The King summons John Hotham to issue-out Warrants to Constables, and other Officers, to *??*^^°''^y °f York- come with Arms for the defence of Hull: and the King, on, the Other side, for- at York, May latb) bidding any such Warrants, bringing, or training, without an expresse Authority '642. under his hand. The King had summoned the Gentry of that County to attend him at the City of York ; which they accordingly did, upon the 12th of May, 1642, where he caused, after he had spoken some few words to them, to be read aloud in their hearing, his Answer to the Declaration of both Houses concerning Hull, the Answer of the Parliament to his two Messages concerning Hull, together with his Reply to- the same, and his Message to both Houses, declaring the. reasons why he refused to passe that Bill of the Miliiia: after which he proceeded in a Speech to tijem, wherein he strove to make them apprehend, that tr^terous attempts might be 113 THE HISTORY OF THE be made against his Person ; and for that reason he desired a Guard of Horse and Foot to be levied there for his defence. He complained likewise, that the Com- mittee of Parliament consisting of four Members of the House^/of Commons, Ferdinando Lord Fairfax, Sir Hugh Cholmley, Sir Phillip Stapleton, and Sir Henry Cholmley, refused to obey his Command. For they, being there employed, in their own Country, by the Parliament, to do service to the State, were commanded by the King to depart out of the County ; which they durst not do,, against the intention of the Parliament, who employed them there. But the King in that Speech to the County, bade them take heed of those four Gentlemen, not knowing what doctrine of disobedience they might preach to the people, under colour of obeying the Parliament. The King's Speech and Declaration read,, seemed to be much applauded by many Gentlemen, and their servants : as, when those things which came from the Parliament were read, the same persons expres- sed much scorn, hissing and reviling the language and reason of them. But divers of the Gentry, and the greatest part of the Free-holders, began with sorrow to consider that this division of the King from his great Council could produce nothing but misery to the Kingdom, and dishonour to himself: and there- fore they humbly answered his Propositions concerning a Guard, That they were willing to do any service, or expose their lives to any hazard, for the safety of his Majesties Royal PerSon;, yet they thought themselves unworthy tq advise him in a thing of so high consequence ; but humbly beseeched him to impart the grounds of his fears and jealousies to his high Court of Parliament, of whose loyal care and affections to the King's honour and safetie,and to the prosperitie of the whole Kingdom, they were most confident. And in behalf of the four fore-mentioned Members of Parliament, lately employed to attend your Majestic (said they) Jrom both Houses, being all Gentlemen of quality and estate in the County;, •we humbly crave your Majesties leave to exjiresse our confidence in their unstained loyalty to your Majestie, so Jar as that you may securely admit their attendance to negotiate their employments, until they shall be recalled by the 'B arliament. And we do all engage ourselves for their fidelity, as being most assured that your Royal Person shall be secure in the General loyalty of your Subjects in this County, without any extraordinary Guard. A Petition is presen- The King was presented also the next day with a Petition from many ?rlT*u'nfb'c"f or^^°"sa"'ls, who termed thtms&lv^B, peaceably-affected Subjects in the people in Yorkshire Cou?ity of York, in which, expressing their loyalty and affection to him, advTce of hilpariia-^ ^^ey Speak thus : We are confident that no so absolute and hearty obser- »«"'• vance of your Majesties just commands can be demonstrated, as when you shall in Parliament declare them: If they be divided (which God forbid) our hearts even tremble to consider the danger, and diminution of the honour and safety of your Self and Kingdom; since it is clear to every understand- ing PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 113 ing, that it is not a divided part of one or several Counties can afford that honour and safety to your Majesiie as the whole Kingdom: Which you may command, no ground of fear or danger remaining^ if a good con- fidence were begot betwixt your Majestie and the Parliament; whose grave and loyal Counsels are, as we humbly conceive, the visible way, under God, to fiut a s/ieedie end to the troubles in Ireland, and establish your Throne in Righteousnesse. Alid, lastly, we hitmbly supplicate that we may represent our unftnesse to become Judges betwixt your Majestie and T ar- mament in any thing, or dispute the Authority of either ; ivhich we humbly conceive do fortifie each other, &c. ■ The King was not well satisfied, or pleased, with this PetitioHj but persisted still The Kin^ continues in his former way* of raising Forces, under the name of a Guard; whilst the Par- [^Jnafne^oT' a'uimi liament were Tooting to maintain those Gentlemen, their Committee in the North, to his person, in such things as they have done, and shall further do, in obedience to their com- mands, for preservation of the Kingdom's Peace ; as also to maintain their Ordi- nance concerning the Militia, and to issue-out Commissions into all parts of the And the Parliament Kingdom, and appoint certain days for all the Trained-Bands to be exercised in '^'ses the Militia. each County according to that Ordinance ; and that some Members might be sent into the several Counties, to see the Ordinance performed; and the Magazines of those several Cbunties in England and Wales to be forthwith put into the power of the Lord-Lieutenants of the said Counties, being such as were entrusted by the Parliament. And, whereas the King had made Proclamation for all the Gentlemen and others of that County to attend him in Arms as a Guard ; the Parliament three days after declared, that it was against the Laws and Liberties of the King- dom, that any of the Subjects thereof should be commanded by the King to attend him at his pleasure, but such as are bound thereto by special service ; and that who- soever, upon pretence of his command, shall take Arms, and gather together with others in a warlike manner, to the terror of the King's people, shall be esteemed disturbers of the publike peace : and that the Sheriffs of those Counties where such raising, or drawing, of armed men should be, should imniediately raise the power of the Countie to suppresse them, and keep the King's Peace according to Law. So different and directly contrary, at this time, were the Commands of the King and Parliament, in all things, that the Lords in Parliament, having been informed that the King was resolved'to adjourn the next Term from Westminster to York, and had given command to the Lord-Keeper to issue Proclamations and Writs to that purpose, voted that such a removal of the Term, while the Parliament sate, Vi'as illegal ; and ordered that the Lord-Deeper should not issue any Writs, or seal ^ny Proclamiation, tending to that end. CHAP. 114 CHAP. IV. Many Members of both JHousesUcive the Parliament y and repair to the King. Nine of the Lords whojirst went- away, are impeached by the Commons, and censured by the Peers. The Great Seal is carried-azvay from London to York. Some Votes of Parliament concern- ing the Kings proceedings. A Petition, with nineteen Propositions, sent fr^m the Parliament to the King. 1, HE Kang jjroceeded in his earnest eniieavpur of raising Forcfes, a"s a'Guardfor his Person : which in some measure he had effected, by many fair expresabhs of love and grace to the people of those Northern Comities^ and serious Protestations .of the cleamesse of his intent from ^ any violation of Laws and Liberties of the Kingdom, or making War against the Parliament. But the Kingdom was not much affrighted with any Forces which the King could so raise ; nor could any other attempt of his in the Northern parts, make the people "fear' a Civil War, Many members of until they saw that great defection of the Parliament-Members, which begSnljefore botb houses of Par- the end of uipril, and continued lor the greatest part of that May : for at that tinie K^D^^at Yoric[ in '^ ^^^ ^^^ Lords, one after another, and sometimes by numbers, abandon the Pariia- ApnlandMay, 1642. ment sitting, and go to the King at York: insomuch that, in a very short space, those Lords becaifte the greater number ; and their departure began therefore to ,seem lesse strange, than the constant sitting of the rest. The Lords who left the Parliament, were these :-the Huksoi Richmond, Marquesse Hartford, the Earis of Lindsey, Cumberland, Huntingdon, Balk, Southampton, Dorset, Salisbury, (although Salisi>ury, within few days after, repenting hiins'df, tn^d^a sfeci'et eseaipe from York to London,' 2iad joyned himself again to the Parliatneiit, \pith \i&hom he continued constant ever after) Northampton, Devonshire, Bristol, Jfestmerland, Barkeshire, Monmouth, Rivers, Newcastle, Dover ^ Carnarvon, Newport; the -Lords MATttEVERS, WiLLOUCHBY of £r«,6y, RjCH, Howard of Charleton, -Newark, PARLIAMENT OV ENGLAND,, iU» Newark, Paget, Chandoys, Fawconbridge, Fawlet^ Lovelace, Savile, Coventry, Mohun, DunsmorEj Seymour, Grey oi Ruthen, Capel. With- in the same compasse of time, many of the House of Commons, (though no great number, in respect of those who continued in that house,) did likewise so far break that trust which was reposed in them, as to forsake their seats in Parliament ; some of them, as was reported, invited by, Letters from the King, and others of their own accord. At the revolt of so many members from the Parliament, the Kingdom in gene- Various reflecHons ral began to fear ; and all that loved the Nation's Peace, were in an high measure "[^^^ people on the. 1. ° , ' , ,. 1 7 1 • 11 • i°i. abandonment of the dismayed ; ailiong whom nothmg was to be heard, m all meetings and discourses. Parliament by many but sad presages of misery to the Kingdom, if Almighty God did not in a miracu- of it's members. lt)us way prevent it : They concluded, that no other way could have been found- out to endanger the overthrow of that Parliament, which many open attempts and secret conspiracies could not do : That, as the ruine of England could Hot in probability be wrought but by itself ; so the Parliament could not be broken (a Prologue to the other) but by her own Members, and that sentence verlfed. Per- ditio tua ex te. Though the opinions of-men diifered concerning the censure of those Members; while some condemned, others in some degree excused them, according as affection and private interests did lead them : yet concerning the Effects which that Revolt in all probability must produce,- all rational men con- curred in opinion, that nothing but Calamity and Ruine could flow from it. What else (said they) can this Revolt do, but nourish and increase the King's disaffection to the Parliament ? What, but encourage his distance from it, and attempts against it? What, but secure the Irish Rebels, and endanger the losse of that Kingdom, f cherish Papists, obstruct Justice, and give impunity, to all Delinquents ? Nothing else had power to undermine and shake the dignity and reverence belonging to that high Court ; whilest not onely the People, by that diminution of their number, were perswaded to esteem of it as an imperfect Parliament ; but" the King might take that advantage of it (which proved true in his succeeding Declarations and Writings, what he never did before) as to call them a Faction, or pretended Par- liament, and such like. In censuring those Lords and Commons who.deserted the Parliament, the People, as was said before, did much differ. Some, considering how great the number was, and that many of them were of whole estates, of good reputation, and able parts, began tp think, or at least to say, that tlie Parliament was not free enough ; that those Members (which was also their own excuse) were curbed by a prevalent faction in the Houses, and over-awed by tumults from the City of London. Upon that oc- casion, they called to minde in what manner the names of nine and fifty Members of the House of Commons had been posted-up at the Exchange, for dissenting from the rest about condemning of the Earl of Strafford j besides the menacing speeches which had been given by rude people to sonie Lords, whom they thought ^li-affected. Others answered^ that although such things had beeo rashly and foolishly done Q 2 bjr N.B. 11§ THE HISTORY OF THE by some unadvised persons, yet it could not be feared that any tumults from the Citie would ever violate a Parliament sitting ; and that the tumultuous appearance of such multitudes from the Citie, was rather intended for encouragement and se- curity of the Parliament against such invasions as might be made upon them, to awe their just freedom, and treacherous Conspiracies which by report were made against them by people disaffected to that high Court ; which that Plot of bringing the Army against them formerly, and late resorts of armed persons about White- f hall, gave them cause to fear : That no fears of danger could be pretended from the House itself against any Member, but such as that Member was bound to undergo and suffer, rather than betray so great a trust of the people : That it was to be presumed, no Member of Parliament who was well-affected to his Country, could suffer any thing from the house itself ; whose ends and counsels must needs be supposed to tend to the publike good, or else our Ancestours, who constituted that Frame of Government, were much deceived : That it was very improbable the Liberty of Subjects should be violated by that Court, which is the onely de- fence and conserver of it, and without which, it had always suffered from Princes, yea, such Princes as were not very wicked. They alledged that it was very dishonourable for those Lords, being the greater number, to pretend fear for deserting the Parliament : for, if it were upon a true dislike of any proceedings there, they were enow to have stayed, and perchance have cured those inconveniences, and too many to have suffered in a good Cause ; though Honour would command one man alone, lawfully called to it, to maintain a truth with any hazard. On the other side, they wrere too many to flee, to en- courage the King against his Parliament, and thereby foment that dissention which could produce no good effect. It was alledged by many men, that some of those Lords were Noblemen of honourable and vertuous repute. Though that were not denied, nor could any certain signe from the former demeanours of the Lords in general, arise, to dis- tinguish who were likely to adhere to the Parliament, and who to desert it (for they were deceived on both sides, in some particulars) yet certainly it was averred, that those Lords whom the people had most especially trusted-in, as true Patriots, proved to be part of those who continued in the House ; ^ and, those whom the people in general distasted, or distrusted, happened to be among those, who, upon this occasion, forsook the Parliament. It was likewise frequently spoken, that those Members of the House of Com- mons who deserted it, were men generally of as able parts as any that continued there. It was no wonder, ( replied others ) but very probable tiiat they were such men, and such as had, or thought they had, good parts enough to be looked-upon by a Prince: for those men (though we should esteem them all of equal honesty, j were likeliest to fall- off. There is a difference between Wisdom and good Parts, such as we count Eloquence, Wit, polite Learning, and the liKe : and that Wisdom which is least adorned with such dresses as' these, is usually at such times most N. B. safe in itaelf, and free-est from being corrupted ; as^ that Beauty is, which is set-off with PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 1|7 ■with the least witchery of Attire: for that Beauty which is curiously decked, as it is most subject to be teftipted by others ; so it is most apt to be proud of itself, 'and by cbnsequence, to betray itself to such a temptation as is great enough. So it hath been often seen in this case (as was observed by an old Parliament-man) that those Gentlemen of fine parts, when other men of a plainer wisedom have had the honour in a constant way to do excellent service for the Common-wealth, have been wpn from their Countrey's cause, as soon as Majestie hath at all vouchsafed to tempt them, or that, perchance, their opinion of themselves hath made them meet, or seek, such a temptation. Besides that danger of invitation from a King, it hath been too often known^ that men of such parts, or that think so of themselves, have been apter to take pet, and grow angry, when any Speech of theirs hath not re- ceived that honour which they expected, or any other affront hath been offered to them ; and what such an anger may make proud and ambiiious spirits to do, even against their own Country, and the dictates of their Cojiscience and Reason, the world hath been taught by many examples, some of high consequence, and very remarkable, such as Coriolanus the Romane, and Julian the Spanish, Gene- ral, which for the eminence of the persons, and extraordinary effects which they wrought in the world, must needs fall into Record ; when the actions of mean and private men are buried in oblivion. Besides, there are many, whose Callings make them capable of easier and greater gratifications from the King than other men ; as Lawyers and Divines ; who will therefore be apt to lean that way where the preferment lies. Such discourses were frequent in ail companies at that time j for different affections did at all meetings beget such argumentative language. What sense and apprehension the Parliament had of so many Members forsaking their nation, shall appear anon, by a Vote passed in the House of Commons, and presented to the Lords by Master Djinzil Hoi.lis, after some intervening passages have been related. Whilst the King, encouraged and strengthened by this great accession of repu- tation to his side, pursued his designe of raising Forces in the N orth ; the Parlia- ment, after they had on the twentieth of May petitioned the King to disband such Forces, and rely for his security (as his Predecessours had done) upon tne Laws, and the affections of his People, contenting himself with his. usual and ordinary Guards ; declared that otherwise they held themselves bound in duty towards God, and the Irust reposed in them by the People, and by the Fundamental i^aws and Constitutions of the Kingdom, to employ their^^are .and utmost power to secure the Parliament, and preserve the Kingdom's Peace ; and immediately it was voted in The Paiiiament pas- Parliament, and resolved upon the; Question, 2hal h appears that the King, .se. ses a Vote, "that it ducedby wiched-CiJumel^ iulends to make H'ar agaimtJJieParLiametU, who, :n a^^ mtemls to make War theij- consultations and aeUons,-have proposed no viher end unto ^kemseives, but the u|'on them," May careoj hU' Kingdoms, and the peiformaiice of all duly ana ioyakie^to his Person '"' '*^*^' It was likewise resolved upon ihe (Question, 1 hat, whensoever the King niaheth Wai upon the Parliajuent, it is a bi ta<,A oj the I rust reposmd in him by his People, • contrary to his Oathy and lending to the dtssoluLionuf this Government, As also. That US THE HISTORY OF THK-. That whosoever shall serve or assist him in such Wars, are Traitours btf the Fun- damental Laius of this Kingdom, and have been so adjudged in two Acts of Par- liament; 11 Rich. 2. and 1 Hen. 4: and that such persons ought, to sujgeras TraitourSi But those Lords who had forsaken the Parliament continuing still with the King The Parliament i"' ^^^ Northern parts, the Parliament by an Order of the 30th of May, summoned orders nine Lords nine of them^ who first had gone away, to appear at Westminster; w'z. the Earls them^^ot?o'in'' °^ Northampton, Devonshire, Dover, and Monmouth; the Lords Howard of t\^, Uay 30, \6is. Charleton, Rich, Grey oi Ruthen, Coventry, and Capel : but they utterly refused to come-away, returning an Answer in writing; which the Parliament And, upon their re- judged to be a slighting and scornful Lettef: Upon which, a Vote was passed fusal to "bey this against them in the House of Commons, and presented on the 1 5th of June to the Commons im- Lords, by Master Hollis ; with an Oration- of his own concerning the importance peaches them before of the businesse ; the greatest part of which Speech. being here inserted, may give Jan"i5ri642.° ^'S^* *° ^^^ Reader concerning the condition of the Kingdojn ^ th^t time, and thg judgement of the Houses upon it. His Speech began thus : The Speech of Mr. " My Lords, By command) of the Knights, Citizens and Burgesses jof'the House DenzillHoilis, before" of Commons, I come hither to your Lordships in behalf of the Parliament, or. !^tii^h;L"tj,^°«M " rather in behalf of the whole Kingdom, labouring with much distraction, many impeacning ine saio . r m i . i . r • j j • • i nine i>oid& for their " rears, great apprehensions ot evU and mischiei mtended agamst it, and now rtesertwn. tc hatching and preparing by that malignant party, which, thirsts after the destruc- *' tion of Religion, Laws and Liberty ; all which are folded-up, cherished, and " preserved in the careful bosome of the Parliament. " It hath ever been the policie of evil Counsellors (who are the greatest enemies *' we have in the world, or can have ) to strike at Parliaments, keep-off Parliaments, " break Parliaments, or divide Parliaments, by making Factions, casting-in Diver- " sions and Obstructions, to hinder and interrupt the proceedings of Parliament i " all against the Parliament. , " YouE Lordships have had experience of this Truth tliis Parliament ; a suq- " cession, of designes upon it : First, to awe it, and take-away the freedom of it; by the terrour of an Army ; then, to bring Force against it, actually to assault it, and with the Sword to cut in s.under this onely Band which ties and knits-up King and People ; the People among themselves, and the whole frame of this " Government, in one firm, and, I hope, indissoluble, knot of Peace and Unity. " God diverted those designes, did blowe upon them ; presently, another is set- " upon, which was. To obstruct and hinder our proceedings, that hi the mean *' time the flame of Rebellion might consume the Kingdom of Ireland, and dis- *' tempers, distractions, and jealousies, be fomented here at home, to tear-out the *' bowels of this Kingdom, the Parliament being disabled from helping it, by *' occasioa of so many diversions, so much businesse cut-out ynto it, maiiy ob- " structiow PARLIAMENT Ot ENGLXND. 119 ** sfrufctions and difSculties, especially that great onej from Whelvce "all the rest ** receive countenance and support, his Majesties absenting himself, not concur- " ring with us, and so withdrawing both "his presence and influence ; by which " means such remedies could not be applied as were necessary, and what was done, " was done with infinite trouble to the Parliament, and excessive charge to the *' Subject, doubkj treble, of what otherwise would ha«e^wrved the turn: So the " Subject is grieved, and oppressed with charge, and the blame of all is laid upon " the Parliament, i and the Parliament unjustly said to be the cause of all these " Evils, which the authors of them had made so great, and so confirmed and " secured by the rfec^uent interruptions of the Parliament, that they could not *' suddenly, nor easily, be suppressed or removed " Well,' by God's infinite blessing, the Parliament, was in a fair possibility to " wade tlio'row this likewise ; and, though the Night had been black and stormy, " some Day began to appear : miraculously our Armies have prospered in Ireland ; " and, God be praised, the malevolent practices of these Vipers at home, as they " appeared, were in some sort mastered ; and the Parliament began to act and " operate towards the settling of the great Affairs, both of';Charch and State, and " providing for the defence and safety of this Kingdom, against either forraign in- " vasion, or any striving of the disaffected party amongJthemselves. " Then three ways are together assayed for >the weakening and invalidating the " proceeding and power of liier Parliament, and making-way for the utter subver- " sibn of it, 1." Force Is gathered together at I^r^, under pretence of a Guard for His " Majestie's Person, to make an opposition against the Parliament, and by strong " handjo support and protect Delinquents ; so as no Order of Parliament can be "^ obeyed^ but on the other side is slighted and scorned, to make the Parliament " of no reputation, to be but Imago Parliamenti, a meer shadow, without sub- *' stance, without efEcacie. 2. " To send-out in His Majestie's name, and as Declarations and Messages " from him, bitter invectives against the Parliament, to perplex it, and engage. it *' in expence of time to answer them: and besides, cunningly to insinuate- and in- *' fuse into" the people, byfalse colours and glosses, a disopinion and dislike ol the " Parliament, and, if it be possible, to stir-up their spirits-to -rise against >it,; to " destroy it^ (and, in it, all tather Parliaments, ) to the ruine of themselves, their " wives and children. 3. *' The third Plot is : The Members are drawn-away, and perswaded tofor- " sake their duty and attendance here, and go-down to Yorky thereby to blemish " the actions of both Houses, as done by a few and an inconsiderable number, and *' rather a Party than a Pariiament, and-perhaps to raise and set-up an anti-Parlia- " ment there. "-My Lords, this is "now'the great Designe, whereby they- hope,i by little and -«< little, the Pariiament "shall even bleed to death, and moulder to nothing, the " members droppjng-away one after another: a desperate and dangerous practice, •*.and, 120 THE HISTORY OF THE " and, as your Lordships well observed (when you were pleased to communicate "■ the businesse to us) an effect of the evil Counsels now prevailing, and tending to " the dissolution ,of the Parliament, of this I'arliament, which, under God, must b? *' the preserver of three Kingdoms, and keep them firm and loyal to their King, " subject to his Crown, save them from being turned into a Chaos of disorder and " confusion, and made a dismal spectacle of misery and desolation; this Farlia- " ment, which is the last hope of the long-oppressed, and, in other Countries " even almost wholly-destroyed, Protestant Religion : this Parliament which is " the onely means to continue us to be a Nation of freemen and not of slaves ; tp. " be owners of any thing : in a word, which must stand in the Gap, to prevent " an in-let and inundation of all misery and confusion. " My Lords, this Parliament they desire to destroy ;. but I hope it will destroy " the destroyers, and be a wall of Fire to consume them, as it is a wall of Brass? " to us, to defend King, and Kingdom, us and all we have. " Your Lordships wisely foresaw this Mschief, and as wisely have endeavoured " to prevent it, by making your Orders to keep your Members here ;. as that of *' the ninth of Aprils and several other Orders, enjoyning them all to attend ; •' thereby restraining them from repairing to York, where the Clouds were obser- " ved to gather so fast, threatning a storm, and such preparations to be made *^ against the Parliament, That it necessitated both Houses to pass a Vote, "• That the King, seduced by wicked Counsel, intended to make ffar against thd " Parliament : and all who shall serve and assist in such Wars are declared to be **^ Traitours: which Vote passed the '20th of May: so setting a mark upon " that place, and. their opinion concerning those who should at this time resort " thither. " Yet now, in such a conjuncture of time, when the Kingdom had never more '•' need of a Parliament, and the Parliament never more need of all the help and " assistance, of the best endeavour and advice, of every member ; the Safety, and *' even Being, of three Kingdoms depending on it ; after such Orders and Com- " mands of your Lordship's House to the contrary; such a Vote of both Houses; " and expressly against their Duty ; being called thither by Writ under the Great " Seal, which is the King's greatest and, highest Command, and not controllable " nor to be dispensed-with by any other Command from him whatsoever ; and " called to treat and consult de Arduis Regni, the great, urging, and pressing " affairs of the Kingdom, never more urgent, never more pressing : notwith- *' standing all this, thes^ Lords, the Earls of Northampton^ Devonshire, Dover, '*' Monmouth.; the Lords Howard of Charlton, Rich, Grey, Coventry, and " Capel, have left their stations, withdrawn themselves and are gone to York ; '* and, being summoned to appear by an Order of the 30th of May, instead of " obedience, return refusal, by a slighting and scornful Letter, which hath been so *' adjudged, both by your Lordships and the House of Commons. " My Lords, the House of Commons hath likewise, upon the conaderation •'and PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND ]2l *•' and debate of this businesse, finding it so much to concern the safety of " the Kingdom and the very Bemg of the Parliament, passed this Vote ; ** That the Departing of these nine Lords from the Parliament without *' leave, after sUch a time as both Houses had declared, ' That the King, " ' seduced by wicked Counsel, intended to make War against the Parlia- " ' mcnt;' and their still continuing at York, notwithstanding tbeir Sum- ♦' mons and Command, is an high Affront and Contempt of both Houses ; " and that the said Lords did as much as in them lay, that the service of *' Parliament might be deserted, and are justly suspected to promote a War " against the Parliament, *' The House, in further prosecution of their duty in this particular, and in ** pursuance of their Protestation, which obliges them to endeavour to bring to " condign punishment all such high offenders against, not onely the Priviledges, *' but the very Essence, of Parliament, have sent me up to impeach these LordSj " and desire that speedy and exemplary Justice may be done upon them. " And accordingly, / do here, in the name of the Knights, Citizens and *■' B^rgesses of the Commons Home assembled in Parliament, and in the " name of all the Commons of 'E.n^SLnA, Impeach Svi'iiCBit. Earl of Nor- ^'- th^mpton, William Earl of Devonshire, Henry Earl of Do-y^r, ** Henry Earl of Monmouth, Charles Lord Howard of Charleton, " -Robert Lord Rich, Charles Lord Grey of Ruthen, Thomas " Lord Coventry, and Arthur Lord CAPEL,yor these high Crimes and " Misdemeanours following; viz. For, that, contrary to their duty, they " being Peers of the Realm, aiid summoned by Writ to attend the Parlia- *' ment; and contrary to an Order of the House of Peers of the ninth of " April /flj^, and several other Orders, requiring the attendance of the *• Members of that House; and after a Vote past in both Houses the twen- " tieth of May last, ' That the King, seduced by -wicked Counsel, intended: •" to make War against the Parliament; and that whosoever served or " * assisted him in that War, was adjudged a Traitour ;' did, notwith- *• standing, afterwards, in the same month o/'May, contemptuously, having " notice of the said Votes and Orders, withdraw themselves from the '* said House of Peers, and repair to the City of York, where the prepa- " rations of the said War were, and yet are, in contrivance and agitation; " they knowing of such preparations : and being, by an Order of the thir^ *' tieth of^l&y,duly summoned by the House of Peers, to make their appear- ** once before that House upon the eighth day of ']vir\e. last past, they refused *< to appear, and returned a scornful Answer by a Letter under their hands ^ i B. " directed 122 THE HISTORY OF THE " directed to the Speaker of the Lords House, and remaining there upon " Record. >' For which Crimes and Misdemeanours, to the interuption of the pro- " ceedings of Parliament, and great Jffairs of the Kingdom, and tending " to the dissolution of the Parliament, and disturbance of the Peace of the " Kingdom; I am commanded, in the name, of the said Common's, to " demtind of your Lordships, that the said Lords may be forthwith put to " their Ariinuer, and receive speedy and exemplary punishment, according " to their demerits. The Cojjimons saving to themselves liberty, at all times " hereafter, to exhibite any other, or further. Impeachment, or Accusation, " against the' said Lords, or any of them. " ' The House of Lords Upon this Impeachment of the nine Lords, the House o'f Peefs, abomt a month ^^ain'sAr"'™'^^ ^^""^^ ' ^^^"S '" their Robes," entred into debate of the said Inlpeachmelit ; anfl, jSiy°*i648.'"' '"' after divers Speeches made by some Lords, setting-forth the greatnesSe of thd'r Offence, they were censured, ] . Never to sit more as Members of that Hbiise. 2. That they should be utterly incapable of any benefit, or priviledges, of Parlia"- ment. S. That they should suffer Imprisonment during their pleasure. After which Censure^ it was concluded that the said Lords should be demanded, in the behalf o^both Houses of Parliament, to submit to the said Censure. About that time, when the Members of both Houses of Parliament did daily forsake their station, and repair to the King at York, another accident fell-out, which gave a great wound to the Parliament, and much encouragement to the King in his designes ; which was, the carrying-away of the Great Seal of Englarul from London to York. The Lord-Keeper Edward Lord LiTTLETON, on whom the King, (when the Lord-Keeper Finch Great' Searof En'"* ^^^ °"* °^ England^ as is before related,) had conferred the keeping of the Great land to the King at 9eal{he being before Lord Chiefe Justice of the Common- Pleas, ) and had created York. ..him a Baron of the Realm, had continued for some space of time, after the rest were .gone to York, firm to the Parliament in all appearance, ■ and upon all occasions had voted according to the sense of those that seemed the best-affected that way ; and, among other th1ngs,'had given his Vote for settling the Militia by Ordinance of Par- liament" ; 'insomuch that there seemed no doubt at all to be made'bf his constancy; till at the last, before the end of the month of June, a young Gentleman, one Master Thomas Eliot, Groom of the Privy-Chamber to the King, was sent closely from York to him ; who (being admitted by the Lord-Keeper into his private Chamber, where none else were by,) so handled the matter, (whether by per- swasions, threats, or promises, or whatsoever,) that, after three hours time, he got the great Seal into his hands, and rid post with it away to the King at York. And the next daj;. "The Lord-Keeper LiTTiE^oN, after serious consideration with himself what he S,oea thither Utt^klL |jjj PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 123 had. done, or rather suffered, and not being able to answer it to the Parliament;, the next day, early in the morning, rode after it himself, and went to the King. Great was the complaint at London against him for that action ; nor did the King ever shew him any great regard afterwards. The reason which the Lord- Keeper Littleton gave, for parting so with the great Seal, to some friends of his who went after him to York, was this ; That the King, when he made him Lord- Keeper, gave him an Oath in private, which he took. That, whensoever the King should send to him for the great Seal, he should forthwith deliver it. This Oath (as he averred to his friends) his conscience would by no means suffer him to dis- pense withal ; he onely repented (though now too late ) that he had accepted the OfEce upon those terms. The Parliament, to prevent so sad a War, sent-out two Orders ; one, to all ^Jlfiishes orders Sheriffs, Justices, and Other Officers within 150 miles of the City of York, that to prevent theKiu^ they should take special care to make stay of all Arms and Ammunition carrying ^^^ raising forces. towards York, until they have given notice thereof to the Lords and Commons, and received their further direction ; and to that purpose, to keep strict Watches within their several limits, to search-for, and seize, all" such Arms, and apprehend the per- sons going with the same: The other was to the Sheriff of Lantashire, and other adjacent Counties, to suppresse the raising and coming-together of any Souldiers, Horse or Foot, by any Warrant from the King, without the advice of the Lords and Commons in Parliament ; as likewise to declare all that should; execute any such Warrant from the King, disturbers of the peace of the Kingdom ; and to command the Trained-Bands to be assistant to the Sheriffs in tha}:, s,ervice. These Orders of the Parliament were immediately answered by a Proclamation The King publisher from the King, forbidding all his Subjects belonging to tlie Trained-Bands, or anSto'them.'"' Militia of this Kingdom, to rise, march, muster^ or exercise by vertue of any Order, or Ordinance, of one or both Houses of Parliament, without Consent or Warrant from his Majesty. The Parliament, notwithstanding, proceed in settling the Militia of the Kingdom, (having made, on the second oi June, an Order for those revolted members to return to their duty again before the 1 6th of that month, under the for feiture of an hundred. pounds, to be disposed-of towards the Wars in Ireland^ besides undergoing such punishments as the Houses should think fit) and had by this time at many places began to settlethe said Militia. Upon the same second of Jwn© also, the Lords and Commons sent a !^e|ition to The Parliament the King, with nineteen Propositions; which the King received with great indig- presents a Petition nation, as appeared iti his Answer to them both in generalj a^d in diyers pai-ticu- tainin" nineteen lars concerning thos^ Propositions, as esteeming himself injured in restraint of hia Pj^^P"^' '■*'''?' °" '^^ PQwer joid Prerogative. The Petition and Propositions, were as foUoweth. ^"^ °^ ■^"°^' •^'**- R 2 The 124 THE HISTORY OF THE The humble Petition and Advice of both Houses of Parliament j with Nineteen Propositions, and the Conclusion, sent unto His Majesty the second of June, l6'42. Your Majesties most humble and faitiiful Subjects, the Lords and Commons in Parliament, having nothing in their thoughts and desires, more precious and of higher esteem (next to the honour and immediate Service of God) than the just and faithful performance of their duty to Your Majestie, and this Kingdom ; And, being very sensible of the great distractions and distempets, and of the imminent dangers and calamities which those distractions and distempers are like to bring upon Your Majestie and Your Subjects ; alt which have proceeded from the subtil informations, mischievous practices, and evil counsels of men disaffected to God's true Jieligion, Your Majesties Honour and Safety, and the publihe Peace arid Prosperity of Your People; after a serious observation of the causes of those Mis- chiefs ; Do, in all humility and sincerity present to Your Majestie their most dutiful Petition and Advice, that, out of Your Princely Wisdom for the establishing Your Own Honour and J^afety, and your gracious tendernesse of the Welfare and Security of Your Subjects and Dominions, You will be pleased to grant and accept these their humble Desires and Propositions, as the most necessary and effectual Means, through God's blessing, of removing those Jealousies and Differences which have unhappily fallen betwixt Your Majesty and Your People, and of procuring to both Your Majestie and Them a constant course of Honour, Peaae, and Happiness. The Projpositions. 1. That the Lords and others of Your Majesties Privy-CouncH, and such great Officers and Ministers of State, either ^t home, or beyond the Seas, may be put from Your Privy-Council^ and from those Offices and Employments, excepting such as shall be approved-of by both Houses of Parliament: And that the persons put into the places and Employments of those that are removed, may be approved- of by both Houses of Parliament. And that Privy Counsellors shall take an Oath for the due execution of their places, in such form as shall be agreed upon by both Houses of Parliament. 2. That the great Affairs of the Kingdom may not be concluded, or transacted* by the advice of private men, or by any unknown, or unsworn, Counsellors; but that such matters as concern the Publike, and are proper for the high Court of Parliament, (which is Your Majesties great and supreme Council,) may be debated, resolved, and transacted, onely in Parliament, and not elsewhere : and such as shall presume to do any thing to the contrary, shall be reserved to the censure and judgement of Parliament: And such other matters of State as are proper for Your PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. ]25 Your Majesties Privy- Council, shall be debated and concluded by such of the Nobility, and others, as shall from time to time be chosen for that place, by ap- probation of both Houses of Parliament. And that no publike Act concerning the Affairs of the Kingdom, which are proper for Your Privy Council, may be esteemed of any validity, as proceeding from the Royal Authority, unlesse it be done by the Advice and Consent of the major part of Your Council, attested under their hands. And that Your Council may be limited to a certain number, not ^xceedini!- twenty-five, nor under fifteen. And if any Counsellour's place happen 'to be void in the interval of Parliament, it shall not be supplied without the assent ' of the major part of the Council ; which voice shall be confirmed at the next sit- ting of Parliament; or else to be void. 3.- That the Lord High Steward of England, the Lord High-Constable, the Lord 'Chancellour.or Lord-Keeper of the Great Seal, the Lord-Treasurer, the Lord Privy- Seal, the Earl-Marshal, the Lord- Admiral, the Warden of the Cinque-Ports thechief 'Governour of Ireland, the Chancellour of the Exchequer, the Master of the Wards, the Secretaries of State, the two Chief- Justices, and the Chief-Baron, may always be - chosen with the approbation of both Houses of Parliament ; and in the intervals of Parliaments, by assent of the major part of the Council, in such manner as is before ■ «xprest in the choice of Counsellours. 4. That be, or they, unto whom the Government and Education of the King's "Children shall be committed, shall be approved-of by both Houses of Parliament ; and in the intervals of Parliament, by the assent of the major part of the Council, in such manner as is before exprest in the choice of Counsellours : And that all such Servants as are now about them, against whom both Houses shall have any Just exceptions, shall be removed. 5. That no Marriage shall be concluded, or treated, for any of the King's Chil- dren, with any forraign Prince, or other person whatsoever, abroad or at home, without the consent of Parliament, under the Penalty of a Praemunire unto such as shall be concluded, or treat any Marriage as aforesaid : And that the said Pe- nalty shall not be pardoned or dispensed- with, but by the consent of both Houses of Parliament. 6. That the Laws, in force, against Jesuites, Priests, and Popish Recusants, be strictly put in execution, without any Toleration or Dispensation to the contrary : And that some more effectual course may be enacted by Authority of Parliament, to-disable them fi om making any disturbance in the State, or eluding the Law by Trusts, or otherwise. 7. That the Votes of Popish Lords, in the House of Peers, may be taken-away, so long as they continue Papists : And that Your Majestic will consent to such a Bill as shall be drawn, for the education of the children of Papists by Protestants, in the Protestant Religion. 8. That 126 THE HISTORY OF THE 8. That Your Majestic will be pleased to consent that such a Reformation be made of the Church- Government, and Liturgie, as both Houses of Parliament shall advise ; wherein they intend to have Consultations with Divines, as is ex- pressed In their Declaration to that purpose : And that Your Majestic will con- tribute Your best assistance to them, for the raising of a sufficient Maintenance for preaching Ministers throughout the Kingdom : And that Your Majestre will be pleased to give Your Consent to Laws for the taking-away of Innovations, and- Superstition, and pf Pluralities, and against scandalous Ministers. 9. That Your Majestie wili be pleaded to rest satisfied with that course that the Lords and Commons have appointed for ordering of the Militia, until the same shall be further rettled by aBjlL: And that Your Majestie will recal Your Decla- rations and Proclamations against the Ordinance- made by the Lords and Commons concerning it. 10. That such Member of either House of Parliajnent- as have, during this present Parliament, been put out of any Place and Office, may either be restored to that Place and Officcj or otherwise have satisfaction for the same, upon the Petition of that House whereof he or they are members. 11. That all Privy-Counsellours and Judges may take an Oath, the Form whereof to be agreed-on and settled by Act of Parliament, for the maintaining of the Petition of Right, and of certain. Statutes made by this Parliament, which shall be mentioned by both Houses of Parliament : And, that an enquiry of all the breaches and violations of those Laws, may be given In charge by the Justices of the King's Bench every Term, and by the Judges- of Assize in their Circuits, and Justices of the Peace at the Sessions, to be presented and published according to Law. 1 2. That all the Judges, and all the Offipers placed by approbation of both: Houses of Parliament, may hold their places qu(tm. diu. bene se gesserint. 13. That the Justice of Parliament may passe upon all Delinquents, whether they be within the Kingdom, or fled out of it : And that all persons cited by either House of Parliament, may appear, and abide the censure of Parliament. ] 4. That the general Pardon offered by Your Majestie, may be granted with such Exceptions as shall be advised by both Houses of Parliament. 15. That the Forts and Castles of this Kingdom may be put under the Com- mand and Custodie of 5uch persons as Your Majestie shall appoint, with the ap. probation of Y our Parliament; and In the intervals of Parliament,, with appro- bation of the major part of the Council, In such manner as is before expressed in the choice of the Counsellours, 1,6. That the extraordinary Guards and Military Forces now attending Your Majestie, may be removed and discharged j and that, for the future. You will raise PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. J 27 Ydse no such Guards, or extraordinary Forces, but according to the Law, in case of actual Rebellion, or Invasion. 17. That Your Majestic will be pleased to enter into a more strict Alliance with the States of the United Provinces, and other Neighbour Princes, and States of the Protestant Religion, for the defence and maintenance thereof against all designes and attempts of the Pope, and his adherents, to subvert and suppresseitj whereby Your Majestic will obtain a great accesse of strength and reputation, and Your Subjects be much encouraged and enabled in a Parliamefttary-way, for Your aid and assistance in restoring Your 'Royal Sister, and her Princely Issue, to those Dignities and Dominion^ "which belong unto them, and relieving the other distressed and Protestant Princ'eswho have suffered in the same Cause. 18. That Your Majestie will be pleased, by Act of Parliament, to clear the Lord Kymholton, and thejfive Members of the House of Commons, in such manner, that future Parliaments may be secured from the consequence of that evil precedent. 19. That Your Majestie Tvill be graciously pleased to passe a Bill for restrain- ing Peers made hereafter from sitting or voting in Parliament, unlesse they be admitted thereunto with the consent of both Houses of Parliament. And these, bur humble Desires, being granted by Your Majestie^'we shall forthwith apply ourselves to regulate Your present Revenue in such sort as nwy be for Your best advantage y and likewise to setth such an ordinary and constant increase of it, as shall be sujficient to support Tour Royal Dignity in Honour and Plenty, beyond the proportion of any former GrGentJes0ien of the House of Commons, of greatest rank and quality there, took Commissions foriHorse and Foot-service in that Armyj of whom these were some : Sir John Merric, who was made Serjeant-Major'.General of that Army ; the Lord Grey of Grmhy, son to the Earl of Stanford j Master Denzil Hollis, Master Hamden, Sir Philip Stapleton, Sir William Waller, Sir Samhel Luke, Sir Hb^nry Cholmly, Master Grantham, Master Whitxock, with divers others. The Earl of Bed- The Earl of BedforA ford, within two days after that the Earl of Essex was chosen Generalissimo, was p^i^j^^ent their ° voted to be General of the Horse. General of the Horse. t2 chap. HO GHAP. VI. A brief Relation of the condition of divers Counties in England^ when the Parliament's Ordinance for the Militia, and the Kings Commission of Array ^ were put in eocecutionr. With a mention of some Lords and others who X'oere actors on either side. The Lord Mayor of LondoB committed to the Tower, and sentenced by the Parliament. A mention of some Declarations, Messages, and Answers, that passed between the King and the two Houses of Parliament. X-/URING the time that this Army was nusing for the Parliament, ta be con- ducted by his Excellency in person, the King, vdth small strength as yet, \7as re- moving from place to place to gather Forces, and draw people to his side. Of whose proceedings, and by what degrees he encreased in power, I shall speak here- after in a continued Series, to avoid confusion in the Story. But in the mean time, the Parliament's Ordmance of Militia, and the King's Commisaon oiArrdy, were justling together almost in every County : the greatest of the English Nobility on both sides appearing personally, to seize upon those places which were deputed to them either by the King or by the Parliament No Ordinances from the One, or Proclamations from the Other, could now give any further stop to this general and spreading Mischief God was not pleased that one Chimney should contain this Civil fire; but small sparks of it were daily kindling in every part of the Land. Let it not therefore seem amisse, if in the first place I make a brief Relation into what posture every particular County, or most of them, had endeavoured to put ^emselves, during that time, which was since the twelfth oiJuLy^ when the first apparent denouncing of \^ar began, and the General was elected iq Parliament ; < tiil THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. ]41 till th«three and twentieth of October^ when it broke-out into a fierce and cruel Battel. But let not the Reader expect any full^ or perfect. Narration of this, which would take-up too great a time, and prove as tediou? as unnecessary. The onely reason why I have entered into it, is to inform the Reader what Lords and Gen- tlemen did first appear in action on dther side, in those particular Counties, that in the progresse of the Story he may be better acquainted with those names, whose Actions proved of so high concernment in the future War, Nor can any perfect Judgement be made of the afi'ections or condition of any one County in this brief Narration of so short a time : for scarce was there any City or Shire, but endured in processe of time many Changes^ and became altered from their first condition, either by unconstancy of aifections, or else enforced to take a new side, as they were threatned by approaching Armies of either party, when the War grew to a greater height. In some Coimties there was no struggling at all, one side wholly prevailing, and The inhabitaats of the People's aflfections bending the same vray : as it appeared in Lincolnshire at the tJ "he Parliament' first, (which was the first account given to the Parliament of their Militia^ and where some circunlstances are of that note, as to make it justly deserve a more particular recital than other places) when the Lord Willoughby of Parham went7down thither, being chosen by the Parliament Lord-Lieutenant of that County. This young Lord, being come to Lincoln, expresseth to the Parliament what cheerful and hearty obedience he found fi-om the Captains and OiBcers of the Trained-Bands, and in how good a posture they were, beyond all expectation ; considering the unhappinesse of the Plague being then in the Town, which hin- dered the appearance of some : but that was fully supplied by a Company of Vo- Ijintiers, equal in number and goodnesse of Arms to the Trained-Bands, Yet that Change which I spake of before, did afterwards sadly appear in this County, which was afterwards as much divided in itself as any part of England, and by that means became a most unhappie seat of War, often gained and lost again by either side. Lincolnshire was then very forward for the Lord Willoughby (however after- ward, he found some resistance from the Earl of Lindsei/, who sided with the King) as he wrote-up to the Parliament, and sent also to them the King's Letter, and his own Answer : Which are both fit to be inserted into the Story, being the first of that kinde^ and much unfolding the nature of the businesse. The Kin^ s Letter to the Lorc^ Willovgh^y o/' Parham.. CHARLES REX. Right Trusty and WellbeJovedj We greet you well. Wher£as We under- stand that you have begun to assemble, train and muster the Trained-Bands of Our County tf/' Lincoln, under pretence of an Ordinance of Parliament whereto We have not given Our consent^ which is not onely contrary to the Law^ 142 THE HISTORY OF THE Law, but to Our Command and Pleasure, signified by Our Proclamation sent to Our High Sheriff" of that Our County. Wherefore, that you may not hereaftdr plead igtiorance of such Our Prohibition, We do by these Our Letters cdrhmand and charge yOu, Hipon your Allegiance, to desist and forbear to raise, train, exercise or assemble together, any part of the TrainedBands of Our said County, cither by yourself or by any others em- ployed under you, or by warrant from you. And because you may, for what you have already done concerning the MiYina. of that Our County, plead, that you had not so particular a'Command, We shall passe by what you have already done thei^iny so as presently, upon your receipt hereof, you shall desist and give-xtver medling any fitrther with my thing concerning the Mjlitia of that Our County. But if you shall not presently Jesi^, and forbear medling therewith. We are resolved to call you to a strict account for your disobedience therein,, after so maHy /lartiCulUr and legal Comfnands given you, upon your Jlllegiance, to the contrary, and shall esteem and proceed against you, as a disturber of the Veace of the Kingdom. Given at our 'Gourt at York, the fourth of June, 1642, To Our Right Trusty and Wellbeloved, the Lord WiLLOUGHBY of Par ham. The Lord Willoughby of Farham, his Letter in Answer to -His Majestic, SIR, As there can be nothing of greater unhap/iinesse to me, than to receive a Command .Jrorn Tour Majestic ivhereunio tny endeavours cannot give. so ready an obedience as nty affections ; so I must confesse the difficulty at this time not a little, how to expresse that Duty which I owe to Tour Majet- tie-s late Commands, and not falsi fie that Trust reposed in me by Tour high Court of Parliament; through whose particular directions T am now come into this County to settle the Militia, according to the Ordinance of Parlia- ment, which by the votes of my Lord Littleton, and others in the House oj Peers, better versed in the Laws than myself, passed as a legal thing; and hath since been confirmed (if I Thistdke not ) by his emmjile, -and Your Mtijesiie's Chi^ Justice Sir John Banks, both in acctptihg their Ordinance, and nominating their Deputy-Lieutenants : how much further they prbceeded, I kftd^mt. 'But, PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 143 jB»/, Sir^ if the opinions of those great Lawyers drew me into an act unsuitable to Your Majesties likings I hope the want ofyeers will excuse my ivant of judgement. And, since, by the Command of the Parliament, I am now so far engaged in their Service as the sending-out Warrants to sum- mon the County to meet me this day at Lincoln, and afterwards in other places; 1 do most humbly beseech TQur Majesty not to impose that Command on me, which must needs render me false to those that relie on me, and so make me more unhappie then any other misery that can fall upon me. 'these things. Sir, I once more humbly beseech Your Majestic, may be taken into Your Gracious consideration ; and that You would never be pleased to harbour any misconceit of me, or of this Action; since nothing hath yet passed by my Commands here, or ever shall, but what shall tend to the honour and safety of Your •Majesties Person, to the preservation of the Peace of Your Kingdoms, and to the content (I hope) of all Your Majesties Subjects in these parts, amongst whom I remain. Your Majestie's most humble and most dutiful Subject and Servant, Francis Willoughby. Upon the r«ceipt of these Letters, the Liord? sent a Message to the House of Commons, in which they expressed how niuch they did value and approve the endeavours of this Lord in a service so much importing the safety of this Kiiigdomj not doubting of their readinesse to concur with them, upon all occa- sions, to manifest the sense they have, and shall retain, of his deservingsj which appear the greater, by how much the difficulties (appearing by the circumstances pf those Letters) have been greater. The Lords, therefore, as they resolved to make his Interest their own, in this Service for the publike good and safety of the Kingdom ; so they desired the Commoiis to joyn with theni in so just and neces- sary a work. To this the House of Con^mons consented, and resolved to joyn with the Lords in this Vote, making the like resolution also for the Deputy- Lieutenants for the County oi Lincoln, and desired the Lord^ concurrence therein. Upon which it was ordered by the Lords in Parliament, that they agree with the House of Commons for the resolution cpncei;ning the Deputy-Lieutenants of the County of Lincoln. In Essex also, (which proved a most unanimous County, and by that means con- The people of the tjnued in peace and happinesse,) the Earl of fParwich (whqse care and action was Countj' of Essex als* not confined onely to the Sea) had been chosen Lord-Lieutenant by the Parliament, aie ParlSnent.' *° and, when he went-down to muster and exercise the Country, was received with great applause. The TrainedrBands were not onely compleat, but increased by Vo- luntiers to unusual numbers ; and so affectionate to that Cause they were in general, that 144 THE HISTORY OF THE "fliat they presented a Petition to the. Earl of Warwick and the Deputy-Lieutenants, in the name of all the Captains and Lieutenants of the several Companies, ai;d in the name of all persons belonging to the Trained-Bands. To AVhich Petition, when it was read in the field, they expressed a full consent by their general accla- mations and applause in every Company. The Earl of Wttrtvich therefore sent the Petition to the Parliament, to let them see the extraordinary alacrity 'and affection of that County of Essex to them : which was' in these words, which folIo'W^. To the Right Honourable Robert Earl of "Warwick, Lord-Lieutenant of fhe County of Essex 5 and to the worthy Gentlemen the Deputy-Lieutenants of the same County, confded-in by the most Honourable the high Court of Par- liament. ' *' We, the Captains 'and Lieutenants, with the full consent of the Trained-Bands " and Voluntiers of the County now assembled, having, before the accesse of this " present ParliaJment, seen our Religion, our Laws and Liberties, brought to the " brink of ruine and subversion, by^^ the results -of most desperate and wicked *' Counsels, could not but with exceeding joy behold the assembling and con- " - tinuance of so great and faithful a Council (the Representative Body of this '" Kingdom) and with most certain confidence commit thereto all that was dear '* unto us. *' And, having also seen the late hellish designes and actings of a rriMignant '^* party in this Kingdom, and the bloody Rebellion in Ireland^ all workmg' to ** retard the progresse, or subvert thfe Bteing, of this worthy Parliament, and thef-efii ** to bereave us of all dur "holies of Reformation^ ''or future peace and happiness to " this Church or State; we cannot but ascribe all glbryand praise unto die Lord " of lords, and expresse mbst hearty thankfulness ttf his blesfeed Instruments, that great Assembly, for theif lindaunted resolutions, linparallffll'd endeavours, and happie proceedings for the common good. Ahd herein (as hot the least means of our safetyjfor the' most necessary and seasonable Ordinance of theirs'toucbing the Miltiia,'vilhetehy we are put under the Command and Guldatnce'of so noble a Lord, and such worthy Gentlemen, whereunto we humbly desire this present day and meeting' may' be an evidence and pledge of our free and willing ■ obedience. " Having' intrusted our Religion, Our Laws, ahd' all, into'the hands of that great and most faithful Council, the Parliament, whose care and fidettty'we haVe so aburid'antiy "found ; we even bleed to see the heart artdactionstjf Our Royal King (contrary to "his own Royal 'expressions) declining from the 'Counsels bf his Parliament:, Unti'da'Trifed after other Counsels, whom as the Lawsand Consti- tutions of this Lalnd'-haVe not known nor reposed upon, so we (^of 'own parts) neither will nor dare intrust them with our Religion or Laws : and whom, we " "--reoly CC ■^-s* PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. I4S " verily believe, could they pCrevail against that highest Court, (under God our " chiefest Bulwark and Defence) would soon deprive us both of Religion and " Law, and (notwithstanding all their specious pretences) reduce us to a condition " no less miserable than slavish. " From the deep apprehensions of all which, we do freely and heartily pro- ** mise and tender our persons and estates to assist and defend (to the uttermost) " the high Court of Parliament now assembled, the Members, Power, and Privi- " ledges thereof J and therein, his Majestie's Person and Authority, and the. " Kingdom's Peace, (according to our late Protestation) against all contrary " Counsels, Power, or force of Arms , whatsoever, which shall be reared-up, or " attempted, against them. " And this our humble Acknowledgement and Resolution, (which, we doubt " not, will be accorded-unto by all good Subjects) we humbly desire your " Honour and Worships to tender, oq our behalf, to that most honourable " Assembly of Parliament : for whose happy progresse and successe we shall *' daily pray. Subscribed, J. KiTELEY, Henry Farre, John Ballet, John Flemming, William Marsham, Robert Barrington, Captains. Thomas Harper, John Woodcock, Richard Lawrence, George Colwel, Thomas Clark, William Burls, Lieutenants. The Parliament were very forward to expresse their approbation of this most affectionate Declaration of the Essex men, and returned them an Answer ; part of which was in this manner. This just and faithful resolution of theirs to the publihe good, the Lords and Com,' mons do not onely approve, but commend; assuring them that, as their endeavours have beenjor the Peace and Happinesse of the King and Kingdom, so they will persist in discharge of the great and publike Trust which lies upon them ; to go thorow all difficulties which may oppose the . publike Peace and Welfare of this Kingdom ; and will, upon all occasions, be ready to expresse, particularly to those persons, that respect ivhich is due to persons from whom they have received so great assurance of affection and fidelity . • In Kent there was cheerful obedience (without any open opposition) shewed to jhe majority of the the Ordinance of the Militia ; as it appeared by their Petition and Proclamation, people of Kent also and more by their real and constant actions. True it is, that some Gentlemen of ^'^''"™ *° *^ Parlu that County were not much affected to the Parliament's Cause, whodid accordingly "** frame a displeasing Petition to the Houses, and brought it up to Londoii, accom- panied with many Gentlemen of that County : but the Parliament, having notice of it, sent Officers, and disarmed those Gentlemen who brought the Petition, before they passed over Zondon-bridge : and the two which presented it to the Hquse of Commons, Sir William Butler and Mr. Richard Lovelace, were both u committed. 146 THE HISTORY OF THE cbmmitted. Those in Kent who ' favoured the King's party and Commission of Array, were not a number considerable enough to bring that County into any combusrion; the Gentlemen which adhered to the Parliament used so great a care and industry in settling the Militia, in disarming those few (but great) Papists that were among them, in raising Arms, and tdxihg themselves at high rates for the service of the Parliament, that they not onely preserved their own County in quiet, but gave great assistance to the Parliament- Ai-niies in other placies, as will appear in the sequel of this Story. Sussex. The Eastern end bf Sussex (it being a long'and narrow County,' lying for many miles upon the Sea) stood firm to the Parliament, and were very industrious in settling of the. Militia, by which means they were so happy as to preserve them, selves^in peace and quietnesse. But the Western part of that County^ by means of many revolted Members of the Parliament, who resided there, together with their Allies and friends, was, at the first, in some distraction, th6ugh it continued not vety long. Surrey and Middle- Swrex) and Middlesex, by fortune of their situadon, could not but side with, and, by consequence, be protected by, the Parliament. Suffolk, Norfolk, and The 'Eastern CountieSj Svffbik, Norfolk, and CambTidgeshif^,' (once the Xing. Cambrklgestire. dom ""of the East Angles,) were happily kept from the beginning without any great combustion ; though it were certain that many of the chief Gentry in those Counties bended in their affections to the King's Commission of Arr-ay. But fhey were not a party strong enough to engage their Countries in a War : For the Free- holders and Yeomen in geheral'adher^d fo the Parliament ; and those Gentlemen who attempted to raise men, or draw Forces together, or provide Arms for the King, were soon curbed, and all their endeavours crushed at the beginning, by those of the other side; and>especially by the great wisdom and indefatigable industry of Master Oliver CuoMWELt, a Member of the House of Commons, who had taken a Commission for Colonel of Horse from the Parliament : of whose parti- cular actions there will be high occasion to discourse hereafter. Hamtwhire. The County of Southampton began at the first to be divided, and continued so, being long and variously perplexed with the changing fortunes of either side. Colonel Goring, eldest son to the Lord Goring, who had been, the year before, a means to detect that Conspiracie of bringing-up the Northern Army against the Parliament, (of which already hath been spoken) and by that, had grown into some Trust with tlje Parliament, of which he was a Member, was sent-down to Ports- . ,\, Jnow^/i, to keep that placeforthem; andthree thousandpoundswereallowedhimfor fenTthe ParliTlent ^^^ charges of Fortification. He, receiving that money from the Parliament, broke his Trust, and kept the Place for the King against them; with what successe, shall 'The Isle of Wight, hereafter be declared. But, immediately after his revolt, the Earl of Portland, Governour of the Isle of Wight, a man suspected by the Parliament, was com- mitted to custody in London, for security of his person, lest he should compfy • with' Colonel Goring, and command that Island for the King's party. The ' G6vernm«it PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. J/f? Government oi Wight was then committed to the Earl of Pembrook, a, n>an of whose fidelity the Parliametit doubted, not. Though the Southern and Eastern parts of England enjoyed some shew of rpst, the Counties more remote from London, toward the North and West, could not at all partake of that happinesse. In Lancashire the Lord Strange, son to the Earl, of Derby, who was made Lancashire, Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire and Clieshire by the King, seeking to put the Commission of Array in execution, found great resistance from the Parliamentary Gentlemen, Sir Thomas Stanley, Master Holland, Master Holcraft, Master Egertov, Master Booth, as also, Master A shton, and Master Moor, both Members of the House of Commons j by wbgrn, within the space of few months, he was quite driven out of the County, and: that Shire wholly ruled by the Parliament, though it abounded more with Papists than, any other. The Lord Strange, upon the fifteenth day oiJuly, had made an attempt to gain- The King's troopi Manchester, and> by those Gentlemen was repulsed; where one man was slain ;."°g%py|°g(j3^j'5J^^^' which was the first blood shed in these Civil Wars. But this Lord was not at ali.chester, July is, fortunate in service against the Parliament ; who, not long after, returned again i^*^" with a great Force, consisting o£ three thousand men, to the Town of MancJiester ; where, after he had sharply besieged it for the space of two whole weeks, he was at last quite beaten, with the losse of many of his tnen. In Cheshire also, the other County of which he v?as made Lieutenant by the Cheshire, King, his fortune was no better ; where he was resisted by Sir William Bre- R£ToN and other Gentlemen, and hindered from seizing the Magazine of that County, as he intended* Nor could the Earl of Rivers, whom the King had put into the Commission of Array (being a Papist) assist him sufEciently to make good that County for the King, but that the Papists were all disarmed there by those Protestant Gentlemen that adhered t;o the Parliament. Further North, the Countries were more full of Yarianc?, The Earl of NeiV' Northumb5rIand. ' castle, with, a strong Garrison, kept for the. King the Town of JSlewcastle. And the Earl of Cumberland, made Lord- Lieutenant of York-shire by the King, was Yorkshire, active in putting the Commission of Array in execution : but they were resisted by the Lord Fairfax^, and others of the. Parliamentary Gentlemen. But this ^usinesse of the North shall now be passed-over, deserving a larger Story hereafter, when time shall requite, to, speak of the Earl of Newcastle's greatnesse, and the various fortunes of the Lord Fairfax and his son Sir Thomas Fairfax. In Derbyshire, where many great Lords and Gentlemen inhabited, none at all of Derbyshire. note stood for the Parliament, but Sir John Gell and his brother: of whose actions it will be seasonable to speak in another place. Staffordshire and Staffordshire and Nottinghamshire were in no lesse combustion. ^ Nottinghamshire, In Leicestershire the troubles were far greater, and early begun by Master ^^^'*'*^''*^''^' IHenry Hastings, second son to the Earl oi Huntingdon, whom the King had giade Sheriff of that County, and put into the Cpmmission Of Array ; who raised V ? great lis THE HISTORY OF THB great Forces to seize upon the Magazines of that County. Against whom the Earl of Stamford was sent by the Parliament, as Lord-Lieutenant, with a considerable strength, who arrived there, did much curb the proceedings of Master Hastings, and took possession of the Town of Leicester. Warwickshire. Great was the Contention about that time in Warwickshire, between the E rl of Northampton for the King, and the Lord Brook for the Parliament, not without sharp encounters, and^^laughteron either side. The Earl having seized the Ord« nance at Banbury, liiarched with great fury into Warwickshire, spoiling the Countrey as he went, though not without opposition of the people, and the Lord Brook's Forces; against whom he could not at all prevail. W iltshire. The Earl of Pembrook had settled the Militia in Wiltshire with sntall ado, though Berkshire. it continued not long so. And the Earl of Holland in Berkshire, being but faindy desisted by the Earl of Berkshire, the Lord Lovelace, and others. Forsoon after the Earl of fier^jA/re, together with Sir John Curson, Sir Robert Dormer, and others for the Cominisaon of Array, who came to fVatlington in Oxfordshire, to seize the Magazine of that part of the County, which was laid-up in that Town, were there taken prisoners, and sent-up to the Parliament by Colonel Hamdew and Colonel Goodwin, ^wo Members of the House of Commons, and Knights of the Shire for Buckingham . The Weitern coun- But the further that this Discourse travels Westward, the greater and more *'*'• remarkeably you shall finde such contestations} especially considering the number of Lords and Gentlemen of great rank, and many of them Members of Parlia^ ment, who sided with the King against the Parliament, and were therefore after* ward voted out of the House. One great Head there was of all those Western Counties, William, Marquesse of Hartford, whom the King, . by his Commia^ Hartford^ls '* °d sion'of Array^ had appointed Chief, and made him Lord-Lieutenant-General of Lord-Lieutenant of Devon, Cornwall, Somerset, Dorset, Wilts, Southampton, Gloucester, Berks, them all by the King. O^or^i, Hereford, and seven Counties within the Principality oi Wales : who, notwithstanding iiis high Command, was never able to atchieve any great matter for the King's side ; so much were the common people of the West at that time inclined to the Parliament, and so active were those Gentlemen who stood for it ; such as were the sons of Sir Francis Popham, Master Alexander Popkam, Hugh, and Edward, who were more animated by the example of their aged; father; Master Strode, a Deputy-Lieutenant, and others, against all those fre-. quent attempts which the Marquesse made. Great was the number of considerable men in those Countries, which took part with the Marquesse against the Parliament, and very industrious in their several Stations, to put in execution the Commission of Array ; as the Lord Pawlet, Sir Ralph Hopton, and Sir Joein Stowel, both Members of the House of Cdmmons, and for that reason put out of the House. Sir Richard Sl any, in Comwal, another Member, put out also for the same cause ; as likewise were Sir Edward Rodney, and Master Coventry, both Parliamentrmen, who fol- lowed the Marquesse in some of his actions. Sir Bevile GuaENViLE, an active . man. PARLIAMENT 6F ENGLAND J49 man, another Member of Parliament, was very industrious for the Array, both in Cornwal and Devon, joyning himself with the Earl of Bath, came for that purpose to his house at Tastoch, in Devonshire, and assisted by many Gentlemen, as Master Culins, Sheriff of that County, M. Bamfield, M. Ashford, M. Gif- roRD, M. Saithil, Baronet Seymour, and M. Courtney ; to whose assistance Squire Rogers came with Forces out of Dorsetshire. Various were the Successes which Marquesse Hartford, assisted by so many of the Gentry, found in his several Enterprises ; sometimes prevailing, but more often distressed. In one Skirmish, which, about the beginning oi August, himself, i:he Lord Pawlet, Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir John Stowel, and M. Smith, another Member of the House of Commons, made against the Deputy-Lieutenants in Somersetshire, he prevailed agains^ them, and possessed himself of the Town of Shepton-Mallet : Ten men were slain, and many wounded. Going afterwards to Wells, he had been besieged by many thousands of the People, who arose against him; but that having timely notice of their coming, he escaped a back-way out of the Town. About which time, the Earl of Bedford was sent down by the Par- liament against him, with three hundred Horse : by whom the Lord Marquesse, the Lord Pawlet, Sir Ralph Hopton, Colonel Lunsford, and many other considerable men, were besieged in Sherhurn. For great numbers out of the sherb ' h « a Country came daily to the assistance of the Earl of Bedford. Many weeks did by the troops of the that Siege continue ; many Sallies were made out, and sharp encounters on both ^ailiament. in sides performed with great courage : the Parliament side being in firm hope to "^"^ ' ^' have taken them at last ; which was conceived a thing of great moment, and ad- vantage to their affairs, if they could have possessed the persons of so many men, considerable both in their Fortunes and Valour ; and who proved afterwards very strong and cruel enemies. Yet that hope was frustrate : for about the beginning of October they all escaped out of Sherburn : the Earl neverthelesse pursued after them, and in the Chase took M. Pallart, Sir Henry, Sir John, and Sir Charles Barclay, prisoners. Within a week after, the Earl of Bath was ap- prehended, and brought-up a prisoner to the Parliament. It cannot be much wondered-at, that Division was found in Countrey-Towns and Villages so far remote from the Parliament, where the people were variously wrought-upon by perswasions or fears from either side : when London itself, the Seat of that great Council, and chiefest Bulwark of their defence, was not without some taste of these Distractions. Which, besides the actions of some private Citizens, too petty to be here rehearsed, may appear to the Reader in one thing, which cannot be omitted : The Lord Mayor of London was at this time a prisoner in the Tower, committed by the Parliament. Sir Richard Gurney, Lord-Mayor of London for that year, was charged by The Lord Mayor of the House of Commons on the seventh oi July, for being a mover of Sedition in London is imprison- the Kingdom, in causing the King's Proclamation conceriiing the Commission of f^r'^j^ki'ng^part^^th ^r7'<2y-( which was declared by both Houses ta be illegal) to be proclaimed in the the King against City. ^^^^- •'"'y 7. i64«. 150 THE HISTORY OF THE City. And the Charge being perfected, was sent-up to the Lords, desiring thiati he might forthwith be called to his Answer ; which was accordingly granted. Four days after, while the Lord Mayor was attending the Lords House upon this Charge, an additional Impeachment was read against him in the House of- Commons, brought-in by the Common-Council of Londo?:, for divers breaches of his Oath in execution of his Office, for proclaiming divers illegal Proclamations, and contemning the Orders of Parliament. This Impeachment was forthwith sent up, and read in the Lords House. Upon' the reading of which, it was ordered that he should be sent to the Tower, from- thence to be brought to a legal Trial upon his Impeachment. Many days, during the space of a whole month, was this Lord-Mayor brought from the Tower to Westminster, to attead the Lords of Parliament, and many times returned back without being heard, by reason of so great a multiplicity of Businesses as the Houses were then in. He is tried by the ^^ ^^^^' ^^^^^ Some hearings, he was brought-, on the twelfth of August, to the House of Lords, and House of Lords, to receive his Censure : The effect whereof was, that he should' found guilty, and jjg pyj- from his Mayorality, never bear Office in the City or Commonwealth, be punishment. August uncapable of all Honour or Dignity to be conferred on him by the King, and stand- 12, 1649^ committed prisoner to the Tower, during the pleasure of both Houses. During the time af these contentions between the Ordinance of the Militia and- the Commission of ^ray, which is briefly touched by itself ; it will not be amisse to return to the Ring's proceedings in his own Person, by what degrees he came to pl^nts^'i^Mhe'^KTnff ^"^""^^^^ ^'^ ^^''^"S'-^' and what contestations happened betwixt Himself and the. and Parliament Parliament : wherein, that which concerned the Pen, shall be first briefly touched) agamst each other, jjjjd then his Other actions.. But those Declarations, Petitions, and Proclamations, which, upon all occasions, were then- published, are too many and too long to be recited in a Story : in the Records, and printed Books of Ordinances, they may be read. I shall onely mention some of the chief, and excerpt the most material con- tents of them. The Parliament, about the end of J«/}^, had petitioned the King to forbear all preparations of War, and remove his Garrisons. To which he gave Answer, and upbraided them with thdr preparations of War, for appointing the Earl of Essex to be their General, and the Earl of Warwick Admiral. In that Answer, he descants at large upon particulars, commanding his said Answer and their Petition- to be read in all Churches. I'o which the Parliament reply, as they had done before^, that they cannot lay-down their Arms, nor adjourn tije Parliament to any other place, as he would have them, unlesse he leave-oflF those Warlike preparations, and comply with tiiat Council, to which onely he ought to adhere by the Constltutioa of this Government. They likewise command the Petition, Answer, and Reply, to be read in all Churches. But, things proceeding still higher, the King, being returned to the City of Yorky, from thence sent^forth a Proclamation, to suppress^ (as he there styletK it) the. present of August, 1643. PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 151 '■present Rebellion under command of ReB-^RT, Earl of Essex ; offering withal free pardon to him, and all such as shall within six days after the date thereof, being the nintli oi August, lay down their- Arms. Id which Proclamation also he com- manded the Marquesse Hartford to raise speedily what Forces he could, within all those Counties whereof he had made him Lieutenant -General in the Commission of Array (of which before was spoken) and to march against, destroy, or appre- hend, the said Earl of Essex. The Parliament, upon this Proclamation, make a Declaration, wherein they briefly recount all the King's former proceedings against them and the Kingdom : All which they attribute (after their usual manner) to his wicked Council; and promise still to make him great andhappie, if he will return to his great Countlil. But the next day after his former Proclamation, the King, continuing stilLat York, sent-forth another, declaring that no Papist should serve him in his Arm^y, and that his Souldiers should commit no rapine upon the people. And within two The King publish* days aft«r that, he published a Discourse, called A Declaration' to all his loving a jong Declaration^ Subj^tts, concerning the proceedings of this present Parliament, This Declaration fngsof the Parlia- was of a great length, containing fifty pages in a large Quarto. In which was com- ment, on the loth prised a kinde of History, 'touching -all former passages betwixt himself and them, from the beginning of these divisions : which is to be read in the printed Book of Parliament-Ordinances. Toward the end of that Declaration, he protesteth a wonderful love to Parliaments, and to the peace and happinesse of the Kingdom : but he requires that some persons (as disturbers of the publike peace ) may be delivered into the hands of Justice, to be tried by their Peers, naming the Lord of Kymbollon, and those five Members of the House of Commons whom before he came to surprise in that House, Master Hollis, Sir Arthur Hasljerig, M. Pym, M. Hambden, and M. Strode ; as likewise M. Henry Martin, and Sir Henry -Ludlow, two Members also of the House of Commons, for speaking some bold Speeches in- that House. He also .desires to have delivered-up to him Alderman Penington, who succeeded in the Mayorality to the fore-named Sir Richard 'GuRNEV, and Captain Venn, one of the City-Captains : those two last he ac- cuses of bringing tumults from the City, to terrifie the Parlianient at Westminster. Another desire of the King's is, that Inditements of High Treason upon the Statute of the 23d yeer of King Edward the Third, may be drawn, against the Earls of Essex, Warwick, and iitamfordy the Lord Brook, Sir John Hotham, -and Serjeant Major-General Skippon, an expert and religious Souldier, a man of high action in the succeeding War, whom the City had employed in exercising-of their Militia j as likewise against all those who shall hereafter exercise th&Militia ^by vertue of the Ordinance of Parliament. The Peii was very quick upon all occasions : and the King, the next day after the publication of this long fore-mentioned Declaration, sent a Message to the Parliament, upbraiding both Houses with an' Order which they had then made, • for the borrowing of an hundred thousand pounds out of that money which the ■^Adventurers had raised for reduciiig of Ireland, xnd. subduing the Rebels therg ; affirming, 152 THE HISTORY OF THE afiirming, that, out of his Princely care and piety toward distressed Ireland, he cannot but take notice of it ; commanding them immediately to retract that mis- chievous and unjust Order (for so he calls it) as they would answer the contrary to Almighty God, himself, and those that have trusted them: Wherein he ex- pecteth their speedie Answer and Obedience ; and the rather, that he may thereby be secured, that such part of the four hundred thousand pounds as is, or shall be, collected from his good Subjects of England, by vertue of the late Act of Parlia- ment, whereby the same is granted, may not likewise (under false pretences) be diverted from the proper use to which it was intended, and misemployed to the disturbance of the Kingdom's peace, in a War against him. The Lords and Commons in Parliament make Answer to this Message, expressr ing what caution there was in the very Order (which, upon that very occasion, was printed) for speedie repayment of that Sum^ and disposing of it to the right use. But, first, they tell the King, that this very Message of his to them, is an high breach of the Priviledge of Parliament : and, upon that occasion, they call to remembrance, and declare many particulars of their care for the relief of Ireland, and the King's hindering of it. Those particulars there expressed, are as followeth. They declare, that this Hoodie Rebellion was first raised by the same Counsels that had before brought two Armies within the boicels of this Kingdojfi, and two Protestant Nations ready to welter in each other's blood, which isiere both defrayed a long time at the charge of the poor Commons of England, and quietly, at last, disbanded ; by God's blessing upon the Parliament's endeavours. That, this designs failing, the same wicked Counsels which had caused that impious War, raised this barbarous Rebellion in Ireland ; and recommended the suppressing thereof (for the better colour) to the Parliament's care : who, out of a fellow-feeling of the unspeak- able miseries of their Protestant Brethren there (not suspecting this horrid Plot, now too apparent) did cheerfully undertake that great work, and do really intend and endeavour to settle the Protestant Religion and a permanent Peace in that Realm, to the glory of God, the honour and profit of his Majestie, and security of his three Kingdoms. But how they have been discouraged, retarded, and diverted, in and from this pious and glorious fVork, by those traiterous Counsels about his Majestie^ will appear by many particulars. The Parliament They there mention the sending-over at first of twenty thousand pounds by charges the KiDg with j.j^ Parliament, and that good way found-out to reduce Ireland by the Adventure actions tending to r • •. i • ^ ^ r, ^ • ■ i t-t'' it iii defeat the vigorous or private men. Without charging the Subject in general, which would probably measures taken by jj^ye brought in a Million of money, had the King continued in, or neer, London, the suppression of ""id not, by leaving his Parliament, and making War upon it, so intimidated and the rebellioii of the discouraged the Adventurers, and others who would have adventured, that that Paputs m Ireland, ^^j gjjj j^ rendered in a manner ineflFectual. They memion, that when, at the sole charge of the Adventurers, five thousand Foot, and five hundred Horse were designed for the relief of Munster, under the command of the Lord Wharton, and nothing was wanting but a Commission to enable that Lord for the Service;^ such was the power of wicked Coimsel, that no Commisdon PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 153 eommission could be obtained from the King ; by reason whereof, Lymrick was wholly lost, and the Province of Munster since in very great distresse. That when well-affected j>ersons, at their own charge, by way of Adventure, had prepared twelve Ships, and six Pinnaces, with a thousand Land-forces, for the service of Ireland, desiring nothing but a Commisssion from his Majestie ; that Commission, after twice sending to For A: for it, and the Ships lying ready to set- Sail, three weeks together^ at the charge of neer three hundred pounds a day, was N. B, likewise denied. And those Adventurers (rather than lose their Expedition) were constrained to go by vertue of an Ordinance of both Houses of Parliament. That, though the Lords- Justices oi Ireland earnestly desired to have two Pieces N- B-> of Battering cannon sent-over, as necessary for that Service ; yet such commaiids were given to the Officers of the Tower, that none of the King's Ordnance must be sent, to save his Kingdom. That- Charles Bloyd, Engineer and Quarter-Master-General of the Army in N. B. Ireland, and in actual employment there against the Rebels, vsjas called-away from that important Service, by expresse command of the King. -^^ That Captain Green, Controller of the Artillery, a man in Pay, and principally employed and trusted here by the Lor4-Lieutenant of Ireland for providing and ordering the Train of Artillery, whiqh was to l?e sent to Dublin, and who had Eeeeived great sums of money for that purpose, was commanded from that em- ployment and trust, to serve the King in this unnatural War against his Parliament. N. B, And, when the Parliament had provided six hundred suits of Clothes for present relief of the poor Souldiers in Ireland, and sent them towards Chester, William Whitaker, that undertook the carriage of them, was assaulted by the King's souldiers lying about Coventry ; who took-away the six hundred suits of Clothes, n. B, and th# poor man's Waggon and Horses, though they were told that the Clothes were for the souldiers in Ireland, and though the poor Carrier was fiv£ times with the Earl of Northampton, to beg a release of his Waggon. That three hundred suits of Clothes sent likewise by the Parliament for Ireland, with a Chirurgion's Chest of Medicaments, towards Chester, were taken all away by the King's Troopers, under command of one Captain Middleton, together with the poor Curler's Horses and Waggon, for the King's service. As likewise, that a great number of Draught-horses, prepared by the Parliament for the Artillery ^nd Baiggage of the Irish Army, and sent to Chester for that purpose, being there, attending a passage, are now required by the King for his present service in Eng- land ; whose forces are so quartered aboUt the Roads to Ireland, that no Provision can passe thither by Land with any safety. That Captain Kettleby and Sir Henry Stradling, the Adnjiral and Vice- Admiral of the Ships appointed to lie upon the coast of Ireland, to ■annoy the Rebels, and to prevent the bringing of Ammunition and relief from fprraign partSj are both called-away from that employment by the King's command: and by reason of their departure from the coast of Munster, to which they were designed^ X the 154 THE HISTORY OF THE the Rebels there have received Powder, Ammunition, and other relief from fdr- raign parts. By which particulars (say they) it may seem that those Rebels are countenanced there, upon designe to assist the enemies of the Parliament here : especially con- sidering that those confident Rebels have presumed, very lately, to send a Petition to the King, intituling themselves his Majesties Catholike Subjects of Ireland, and complaining of the Puritan Parliament of England ; and desiring, that since his Majestie comes not thither, according to their expectation, they may come into England to his Majestie. The Parliament, therefore, finding what danger both Kingdoms are in, by the designes of cruel enemies, thought fit to provide for the safety of both, by prepa- ring a competent Army for the defence of King and -Kingdom. But in^ regard that the Plate, brought-in by so many well-affected men, could not be coined so suddenly as the service required j and well knowing that one hundred thousand pounds might, for a short time, be borrowed out of the Adventurers money for Ireland, without any prejudice to the affairs of that Kingdom, whose Subsistence depends Upon the Welfare of this, and resolving to make a speedy repayment of that money, made this Order : which, that it may appear (say- they) to all the world to be neither mischievous, illegal, nor unjust, (as the King calls it) the House of Commons thought fit to recite it in hwc verba ; and, instead of retract- ing the Order, to repay that money with all possible speed. The Order, July 30. It-h this day Ordered, by the Commons House of ParRament, That the treasurers appointed to receive the Moneys come-in upon the Subscriptions for Ireland, do forthwith furnish, by way of Loan, unto the Committee of Lords and Commons jor the defence of the Kingdom, the sum of one hundred thousand pounds, for the supply of the publike necessity, for defence of the King, Parliament, and Kingdom, upon the Vublike Faith, to be repayed duely and carefully -within so short a time, that it shall not be diverted from that purpose for which it was intended, or any way frustrate the Acts already made in the behalf of that ad-oenture. During the time of these Paper-conflicts, the King, in person, had often re- moved, and visited many places. To the Gentry of Leicestershire he made a Speech on the 20th of July, after his usual marifier, with protestations of his great love to the people, and care ^f the Kingdom. And from thence removing • Northward, on the fourth of jiugust he made a .Speechj-^fter- the same manner, to the PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 155 the Gentry of Yorkshire; from whence he returned back to JSottingham, and The King sets-uphii there set-up his Standard Royal. Very few people_ resorted to it. Nor had' the ^f^^'^A^ugusS,""'^" King at this time a considerable strength to guard his Person, if any attempts had 1642. been made to have seized upon him. From Nottingham,, on the '25th of jiugust, the King sent a Message to the Parliament by th,e Earls oi Southampton and Dorset, and Sir John Culpeper, one of the Members of the House of Commons, who had deserted the Parliament, and went to the -King at York ; having not long before been made by him Chancellour of^ the Exchequer, The King's Message to. both Houses of Parliament from Notting- ham, August 25th, 1642. We Iwoe, with unspeakable grief of heart, long beheld the Distrac- tions of this Our Kingdom. Our very Soul is full of Anguish, until We may finde some Remedy to prevent the Miseries which are ready to overwhelm this whole Nation by a Civil War. And, though all Our. endeavours tending to the composing of those unhappie Diferences be- twixt Us and Our two Houses of Parliament (though pursued by Us with all Zeal and Sincerity ) have been hitherto without' that Successe wc hoped for ; yet such is Our constant and earnest care to preserve the publike Peace, that We shall not be discouraged from, using any Expe-^ dient-y which, by the blessing of the God of mercy, may lay a firm foun- dation of Peace and Happinesse to all Our good Subjects, To this end observing that many Mistakes have arisen by the Messages, Petitions, and Answers betwixt Us and Our two Houses of Parliament ; which haply may be prevented by some other way of Treaty, wherein the mat- ters in difference may be more clearly understood, and more freely trans- acted '• We have thought fit to propound to you. That some fit persons may be by you enabled to treat with the like number to be authorized by Us, in such a manner, and with such freedom of Debate, as may best tend to that happie Conclusion which all good men desire. The Peace of the Kingdom. Wherein, as we promise, in the word of a King, all safety and encouragement to such as shall be sent unto Us, if you shall chuse the place where We are for the Treaty, which we wholly leave to you, presuming the like care of the safety of those We shall employ, if you, shall name another place : So We assure you and all Our good Subjects, that (to the best of Our understanding) nothing shall be therein vaant- ing on Our part, which may advance the true Protestant Religion, op- x 2 pos6 1 55 THE HISTORY OF THE ff^bse Vopery and Superstition^ secure the Law of the Land (upon which is built, as well Our just Prerogative^ as the Propriety and Li- berty of the Subject) confirm all just Power and Priviledges of Parlia- ment, and render Us, and Our people, truly happie, by a true under- standing betwixtUs and Our two Houses of Parliament. Bring with you as firm resolutions to do your duty, and let all Qtir People Joyn with Us in Our prayers to Almighty God for his blessitig upon this Work. If this Proposition shall be rejected by you. We have done Onr duty so amply, that God will absolve Us from the guilt of any of that blood 'which must be spilt. Arid what opinion soever other men may have of Our Power, We assure you, nothing but Our Christian and pious care . to prevent the effusion of blood, hath begot this motion ; Our provision of Men, Ai'ms, and Money, being such', as may secure Us from further 'violence, till it please Gud io open the eyes of Our People. "^he Answer t)f the Lords and Coni'mortsHo 'the King's Message 6f the 25th of August, 1643, May it please Your Majestic. " The Lords and Commons in Parliament assembled, having received Your ■*' Majesties Message of the 25th oi August, do with much grief resent the dange- " rous and distracted state of this Kingdom, which we, have by all means en- " deavoured to prevent, both by our several Advices and Petitions to Your Majes- ** tie, which have been not onely^withoyt successe, but there hath followed that, " which no evil Counsel in former times hath, produced/ or any age hath seen, " Those several Piroclamations" and Declarations against' both the Houses of Par- **' lia'm^t, whereby their Actions are declared Treasonable, 'Slid their' t*ersoftS " Ti-aiteurs; and thereupon Your Majestie hath set-up Your Standard against " them, whereby you have put 'the two Houses of Parliament, and in them this " whole Kingdom, out of Your Protection : So that until Your Majestie shall " recal those Proclamations and Declarations whereby the Earl of Essex and both '/ Houses of Parliament, their ■ adherents and assistants, and all such as have " obeyed 'and executed their Commands and Directions, according to their duties, " are declared Traitors, or otherwise Deliij^quents; and until the Standard, set-up " in pursuance'^of the said Prbclamatidhs, be taken-down. Your Majestie hath " put us into ^dch a condition, fhat, whilst Ve so remain, "we cannot by the Fun- '" damental priviledges" ctf Parliament,- the publike Trust irepbsed in us, or with " the general good and Tsafety'X)f this* Kingdom, give Your Majestie any oth^ * •*• Answer to this Message. ^Within PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 137 Within few clays after, the King sent instructions under his PrivySignet to his •Commissioners of Array for the several Counties of England and Wales ; -as to Marquesse Hartford, whom the King had made Lieutenant- General 6f - all the Western Counties, as is before expressed ; to the Earl of Cumberland, • Lord- Lieutenant of Yorkshire ; and the Lord Strange, Lieutenant for Lancashire and Cheshire: in which Instructions he commands them to pursue the Earl of jEsse», whom he again caUs Rebel and Traitour. Immediately after, the King sent a Reply to that Answer of the Parliament to his last Message of th&'SSth of August ; which being short, that the Reader may the more truely inform himself of-the nature of this strange division, I shall wholly insert in the- very words. We will not repeat what means We^hate used to prevent the dangerous and distf acted Estate of'the Kin^dtM, nor how those means have been interpreted, because, b'eing desirous to avoid elusion of blood, We are wiUing to decline all- memory of former Bitternesse, that might make Our offer ..of-aTr-eaty lesse readily accepted. We never did declare, nsr ever intended to declare both Our Houses of Parliament Traitours, or set-up Our Standard against them; and much.lesse io put them and this Kingdom out of Our protection : We uHerly prof esse against it before God and the world. And further, to remove all possible Scru- ples which may hinder the Treaty so much desired by Us ; We hereby promise, so that a day be appointed by you for the revoking of your Declarations against all persons as Traitours or otherwise for assisting Vs, We shall, with all cheerfuln esse, upon the same day, recallx)ur Procla- mations and Declarations, and'. take-down'Our Standard. In which Treaty, We shall be, ready ^o.^r ant .any thing that shall be really for the good of Our 'subjects.; conjuring you to consider the bleeding con- dition q/" Ireland, and the dangerous condition of England, in as high a degree, ^as' by these Our Offers We have declared Our Self to do : and .assuring you, that Our chief e desire in the world is to beget a good understanding and mutual confidence betwixt Us and Our two. Houses of Parliament. To the.K-ing's most Excellent Majeslie: The humble jinswer and Petition of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parlia- ment to the^ King's last Message. May it please Your Majestie.: " If we, the-Lords and Commons in Parliament assembled, should repeat all Jthe *' ways we have taken,- the endeavours we- have used, -and4:he expressions-veehave " made 158 THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. *' made unto Your Majestic, to prevent those distractions and dangers Your ■ *' Majestie speaks oiF, we should too much enlarge this Reply. Therefore, as we " Humbly, so shall we Onely, let Your Majestie know that we cannot recede from " our former Answer, for the reasons therein expressed; for that Your Majestie " hath not taken-down Your Standard, recalled Your Proclamations and Decla- " rations whereby You have declared the Actions of t)oth Houses of Parliament to " be Treasonable, and their Pfersons Traitors : And You have published the same "since Your Message the 25th. oi August, by Your late Instructions to Your- " Commissioners of Jirray. Which Standard being taken-down, andthe Decla- " rations, Proclamations, and Instructions, recalled ; if Your Majestie shall then, *' upon this our humble Petition, leaving your Forces, return unto Your Par- " liament, and receive their faithful advice, Your Majestie shall finde such expres- ^' sions of our fidelities and duties, as shall assure You that Your Safety, Honour, " and Greatnesse, can onely be found in the affections of Your People, and the " sincere Counsels of Your Parliament, whose constant and undiscouraged endea- " vours and consultations have passed thorough difficulties unheard-of, onely to . *' secure Your Kingdoms from the violent mischiefs and dangers now ready to fall " upon them ; who deserve better of Your Majestie, and can never allow them- ** selves (representing likewise Your whole Kingdom) to be balanced with those " persons whose desperate dispositions and counsels prevail still s» to interrupt all " our endeavours for the relieving of bleeding Ireland, as we may fear our labours " and vast expences will be fruitlesse to that distressed Kingdom. As Your Pre- ** sence is thus humbly desired by us ; so it is in our hopes that Your Majestie- ** will in Your Reason believe^ There is no other way than this, to make Your *' Majestie's Self happie, and Your Kingdoms safe." The Parliament, immediately after, published a Declaration, that the Arms, which they were enforced to take-up for the preservation of the Kingdom, Laws and Liberties, could not be laid-down, until the King should withdraw his Protec- tion from such persons as had been voted Delinquents by both Houses, and leave them to the Justice of Parliament. The King, within few days after, made another Reply to the last Answer of the Parliament. The substance of it was, that he could neither do nor offer any more than he had already: and that he should think himself clear and innocent from any bloqd that might be spilt in this Quarrel ; praying God so to deal, with him and his posterity, as he desired to preserve Religion, Law, and Liberty of the Subjects, and Priviledges of Parliament. The Parliament returned Answer, that, while the King thinks himself bound in Honour to protect such. Delinquents, in whose preservation the Kingdom cannot be safe, nor the Rights of Parliament at all maintained, but must needs fall into utter contempt; they must needs think he hath not done what he can or ought to do. They tell him,, it is impossible that any reasonable man should believe him to be so tender of bleeding Ireland^ when at the same time divers of the Irish Traitours, the Jcnown favourers of them, and agents for them, are admitted into his Presence with grace and favour, and some of them employed in his serviqe. THE THE HISTORY OF THE ' PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. THE THIRD BOOK. CHAP. I. Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice arrive in England. The Earle of Essex, tdking leave of the Parliament^ goeth to his Oommand, The King increaseth in stre^igth at Shrewsbury. ^ skirmish at Worcester. The great Batteil of Keynton is fought^ A-BOtlT the be(grolring of this September, Prince Rupert, second Sonne to Frederick Prince Elector-Palatine of the Rhine, (who had long beene detained Prisoner oif Warreby the Emperour, and was newly-released, } arrived in England, to offer his Service to the King, his Uncle, in those Warres, which were now visibly begunin this utihappy Kingdome : together with himcamehisyounger Brother Prince Maurice, and were ain addition rather of Gallantry than of strength to the King's side, they being both young and unexperienced Souldiers. Neither, indeed, though th.ey were. neere in- birth «o the Crowne of £wg'/a»t5?, Were-lheyneere enough to .adde 160 THE HISTORY OF THE adde any security to the King, by purchasing the People's hatred to themselves j though that were imagined, and talked-of by many, as the cause why they were The Count Palatine, sent-for. Their elder Brother, Charles, Prince Elector, might have served Charles, Elector of more fitly to play that part : But he, having long remained in the Court of Eng- i^toHdland -''in ^^"^' ^^^ '^^^'Y ^^^^ *^^ ^"S' "°*^ ^^^"'^ *^° Moneths before the arrival of his July, i642» ' Brothers : The reasons why he went-away were partly expressed by himselfe after- ward in a Message, which he sent out of Holland to the Houses of Parliament, wherein he professed? sorrow for these distractions^ and protested that, whitest he was in the Court of England; he had by all means endeavoured to bring the King. into a good opinion of his Parhament ; acknowledging that his owne interest, and-, that of the Protestant Religion in Germany, did more depend upon the happinesse of the English Parliament, than upon any thiiig else under God. True it is, that this Priace left not the King, until he saw that the rent betwfiene him and his Parlia- ment was- too great to close ; and, having before been exposed by the King to som? probability of envy, (as when he attended his Majestiy to the House of Commons for the siirprizal of the five Members ; and was with him afterwards, when some; other things unpleasing to the people had been done ;) he might, in likelihood, (being of that opinion that he wa§ of concerning this cause,) thinke it the wisest way to take afaire leave^ iii time, of the King. These two young Princes, after their arrival in England, were soone put into em* ployment and Command under the King, their Uncle ^ in which they shewed, themselves very forward and active, as will appeare afterward : and, if they were more hot and furious than the tender beginnings of a Civil Warre would seem to, require, it may be imputed to the fervour of their youth, and the great desire which ' they had to ingratiate themselves with the King ; upon whom, as being no more thaa Souldiers of fortune, their hopes of advancement wholly depended,. Prince Rupert com- Prince RuPERT, the elder brother, and the more furious of the two, within a fort- Krngttroo°p^s^a°IiMt'"S^ ^^^^^ ^'* arrival, comariMided a small party of those Forces which the King the Parliament, in had at that time gatheredtogether, which were not of so great a body as to be September, 1642. termed an Army : with which he marched into- diveis Counties, to roll himselfe, , like a snow-ball, into a larger bulke, by the Accession of Forces in every place. Through divers parts of Warwickshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Wor- cestershire, and Cheshire, did this young Prince fly with those Troops which he had, not inviting the people so much by faire demeanour (for such was the report to the Houses of Parliament,) as compelling them by extreme rigour, to follow that side which he: had taken. Many Townes and Villages he plundered, that is to, say robb'd (for at that time, fi/rst, was the wori plunder used in England^, being born in Germany^, when that stately Country was, so miserably wasted and pil- laged by forraigne Armies j) and committed other outrages upon those wha stood affected to the Parliament, executing some,, and hanging-up servants., at their Masters doores, for not discoivering of their Masters, Upon which newes,, the Houses of Parliament fell into a serious debate, and agreed that a Charge of High Treasoa should be drawne-up against him, fpr endeaxoajruig the destn^ction of this State, PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. IG-1, State, which was voted a great breach of the Kingdom's Lawes, and breach of the , priviledge of that great Council, representing the whole state of it. Let it not seeme amisse in this place to insert a passage, happening at the same time, which cannot be omitted by reason of the eminence of that person whom it concernes, in the succeeding Warres. Colonel Goring, who was before spoken-of as having undertaken to keepe the , Towne of Portsmouth against the Parliament, being noyv no longer able to hold it out, was permitted by Captain Merrick, not without allowance from the Earl of. fVarwick, to leave the place, and to be conveyed to the Brill in Holland zccording to his owne desire. This the Parliament were contented with, because the Captaine was necessitated to agree to it, for preservation of that Towne, and many persons therein well-afFected to the Parliament ; for Goring had threatened to destroy the Townewith wilde-fire, if he might not preserve his owne life by apeaceable surrender. Whitest Prince Rupert was thus active with a flying Partyj the King himselfe The King marches was moving with those Forces which he had, but in a gentler and calmer way ; T^^ an armj towari . , « 1. , I II 1 • T. ° J 1 ■ /- I 1 •'' Shrewsbury, in Sep- for the reverence which the pepple bare to his r erson, made him hnde lesse re- tember, 1O42. sistance ; as windes lose their fury when they meet no opposition ; but howsoever, the King desired to go in such a way, as to be taken for a Father of his Country, and a Prince injur'd by the Parliament ; professions of love, perswasions, and Protestations of his affection to the people, were the chiefe instrupients which he used to raise himselfe a strength, and complaints against the proceedings and actions of the Parliament ; as when he was marching toward Shrewsbury/, where he intended to make his chiefe Rendezvouze, being a, place convenient to receive and entertaine such Forces as should come to him out of PPales : Which place (as will appeare afterward) failed not his expectation, though it were more than the Parliament could suspect. As he was marching thither with a small Army, he made a Speech betweene Stafford znd fVellington, on the 19th of September, and caused his Protestation to be then also read in the head of his Army ; where-in, among other things, he tells them (for their comfort and hope to prevaile) that they should meet no Enemies but Traytors, most of them Brownists, Anabaptists, and Atheists, who would destroy both Church and Common- wealth. And in this Protestation, with deepe vowes, and imprecations upon himselfe and his posterity, he declares his whole care and intentions to be for the maintenance of the Pro- testant Religion, the Lawes and property of the Subject, together with the Privi- ledge of Parliament, as he was accustomed to do in his former Speeches. But the King, not many dales before, had taken a more harsh and co-ercive way ; for marching thorow Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire, he com- pianded the Trayned-Bands of those Counties to attend and guard his Person ; and, ' when they were met, disarmed the greatest part of them, taking as many Armes as served for 2000 men, besides good, summes of Money, which, not without some constraint, he borrowed froni them. But, to leave the King's proceedings for a while, it is time to returne to the Lord-General for the Parliament, and the Army raised under his conduct ; which y at - V2 THE HISTORY OF THE The Earl of Essex at that time, when Prince Rupert began to march, was growne to a considerable "i»aves the City of body. Consisting of about 14 thousand Horse and Foot ; their general Rendezvouze o"mma"iidoftbt*''* ^^^ at Northampton, where many of the chiefe Commanders, as the Lord Broo&e, Parliament army, Lord RoBERTs, Colonel Hamden, and Others, stayed with them, expecting the Sept 9. 1642. presence of his Excellence, who on the ninth of September, taking his leave of the Parliament and City of London, bent his journey toward Northampton, and was waited-on by the Trayned-Bands. and a great number of armed Gentlemen, from jBwei-House to the end of the City with great solemnity. But the love and wishes of the people that did attend him, were farre greater than any outward signification could expresse : To whom he seemed at that time, though going to a Givil Warre, as much an Englishman, and as true a Patriot, as if he had gone against a forraigne Enemy. Great was the love and honour which the people in general bore to his Person, in regard of his owne vertue, and honourable demeanour ; and much in- creased by the Memory of his noble Father, the highest example that ever I yet read, of a Favourite both to Prince and people ; of whom that was most true, ■' which Vellejlius Paterculus speaks with flattery and falsehood of Sejanus, In quo cum judicio Principis certabant studia populi, the people's love strived to match the Prince's judgement. That Cause, wherein the Earle of Essex had engaged himselfe, seemed to them religious enough to require their prayers for the successe of it : For the Parliament, though they raised an Army, expressed much humility and reverence to the- King's Person j for not many daies after the de- parture of the Lord-General, by consent of both Houses, a Petition to the King was drawne-up, to be carried by Sir Philip Stapleton, a Member of the House of Commons, often spoken-of before, and at this time a Colonel in the Lord-Ge- neral's Army. This Petition he carried to Northampton to the General, to be by him presented (according to the Parliament's desire J to His Majesty, in a safe and honourable way : In which Petition nothing at all (according to their former De- clarations) is charged upon the King himselfe, but only upon his wicked Council ; and the former misgovernments briefly mentioned ; and that this wicked. Council have raised an horrid Rebellion and Massacre in Ireland ; and ever since, by op- position against the Parliament, hindered the reliefe of that Kingdom, and at last drawne his Majesty to make a War upon his Parliament, leading an Army in Person to the destruction of his people, depriving his good Subjects ot his Majestie's protection, and {protecting those Tray tors against the Justice and Authority of Par- liament. A Petition of the We, the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, have (for these are sented"to"he°Kinrto the Words of the Petition) for the just and necessary defence of the Fro- prevent a Civil War. festant Religion, of your Majestie's Person, Crowne, and Dignitjy, and of the Lawes andLibertiesof theKingdome, and the Friviledges and power of Par- liaments, taken- up. Armes , and have appointed and authorized Robert Earle o/" Essex, to be Captaine*General of all the Forces, by us raised^ to conduct the PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. ]g^ the same against those Rebels and Traytors^ to subdue 'and bring them to c on digne punishment: And we do most humbly beseech your Majesty^ to with' draw your Royal Presence and Countenance fromthese wicked /lersons ; and, if they shall stand-out in defence of their rebellious and unlawful attempts, that your Majesty will leave them to be suppirest by that Power which we have sent against them; And that your Majesty will not mix your owns dangers with theirs, but in peace and safety, without your Forces, forth- with returne to your Parliament, and by their faithful advice compose the present distempers and confusions abounding in both your Kifigdomes, and provide for the security and honour of your sefe and your Royal Posterity, and the prosperous estate ef all your Subjects. Wherein if your Majesty filease toyeeld to our most humble and earnest desires ; We do, in the presence of Almighty God, profess e. That we will receive your Majesty with all Honour, yeeld you all due obedience and subjection, and faithfully endeavour to secure your Person and Estate from all dangers ; and to the uttermost of our Power, to procure and establish to your selfe, and to your People, all the blessings of a glorious and happy Reigne. According to this Petition were those Directions from the Parliament to the Lord-General sent at the same time ; wherein the Lord- General is required by the Houses, to use his utmost endeavour, by Battel or otherwise, to rescue the King's Person, the Persons of the Prince, and the Duke of Yorke, out of the hands of those desperate persons now about them. Another Direction was, That if his Majesty, upon this Humble Petition, should be pleased to withdraw himselfe from the per- sons now about him, and returne to the Parliament, that then the Lord-General should disband, and should serve and defend his Majesty with a sufficient strength in his return. Another Direction was. That his Excellency should proclaime pardon to all those who were at that time seduced against their Parliament and Country, if within ten daies after that Proclamation they would returne to their duty, doing no hostile act within the time limited : Provided that this should not extend to admit any man into either House of ParHament, who stands suspended^ without giving satisfaction to that House whereof he was a Member ; and excepting all persons impeached for Delinquency by either House, and those persons who have been eminent Actors in these Treasons, and therefore impeached in Parlia- ment of High Treason ; such as were at that time declared, and there named ; the, Earles of Bristol, Cumberland, Newcastle, and Rivers, Secretary Nicholas, Master Endymion Porter, Master Edward Hide, the Duke of Richmond, the Earle of Carnarvan, Viscounte Newarhe, and Viscount Fawkland ; These were the persons at that time voted-against, and declared Tray tors, though afterwards others were added to the number of them, and many of these left-out, as occasions altered. y 2 Such 164 THE HISTOHY OF THE Such Directions, iand othefs for the advantage of the Army] and behoofe of the Countries;, thorow 'Which he was tb march, were given by the Parliamentto his Excellency ; but above all things to restraine carefully all impieties, prophahnesse, and disorders in his Army. The Lord-General The General arriving at Northampton, was there possessed of a great and gal- an-fveEat'Nonhal^rJant Army, well furnished at all points, consisting of about twenty thousand, \vith ton. those that within few dales were to come thither: An, Army too great to finde re- sistance at that time from any Forces a-foot in England ; for the King's side had then small strength ; What they had, consisted of Horse, who in small Parties Voved up and downe, to make Provision, and force Contribution in several places. Prince Rupbrt especially, like a perpetual motion, with those Horse which he commanded, was in a short time heard-of at many places of great distance. The care therefore which his Excellency especially tooke, was so to divide his great Army, as to make the several parts of it useful, both to annoy the straggling Troops of the Enemy, and protect those Counties that stood affected to the Parliament, as also to possesse himselfe, either in his owne Person, or by his Lieutenants, of such Towns as he thought might be of best import, if this sad War should happen to coiltinue. From Northampton he marched to Coventry, to make that considerable City a Garrison for, the Parliament ; and from thence to fFarwick ; and having fortified that Towne, marched-away towards Worcester, upon intelligence that the King hirtiselfe intended to come thither with his Forces. For his desire was to- ftitde-out the' King ^ and the Parliament, to whom he imparted his designe by Letter, ap- proved well of his advance towards Worcester. The City of Worcester, as well as the whole County, had beene in great dis- tractions, by reason not only of the dissenting affections of the Inhabitants, but the frequent invitations from both sides ; if we may call that an invitation, which is made by armed force. Sir John Bykon had first entred Worcester for the King's side, whom Master FiENNE 5, Sonne to the Lord Say, had opposed for the Parliament j and afterward Prince Rupert with five h-undred Horse, not farre from the City, was encountred by Master Fiennes, who commanded -another Body about that number ; the skirmish was but small, and not above twelve men slaine, as the report was made at London. But before the Lord-General could A Skirmish at Wor- arrive at Worcester, ( who was marching thither from Warwick, as was before *'^""' expressed, ) there happened a fight there, not to be omitted, in regard of the persons that were- there slaine ot wounded, though the number of men in general that fell were Small. Prince Rupert was then at JForce^terwith twelve Troops of Horse, when about litat City divers of the Parliament's Forces were, though not joyned in one Bbdy, but dispersed : The Prince marched out of the City -into a greene Meadow, and there set his men in Battel- Array, to encounter whom he could first light-upon. Within halfe a mile of that Field were the Parliament Troqps, Colonel Sandys with -his Regiment of Horse, Captaine Hales, and Captain Wingats, '' who made toward the Prince ; but their passage was very disadvantageous, as being thorow PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 1^5 ihorow ~a narrow Lane, where onely foure of a breast could march : Colonel Sandys, whose fault was too much courage, charging with his owne Regiment thorow that Lane, too soone, before the rest of the Parliament-Forces could come- up (for, besides the forenamed Captains, Hales and Winoatk, CaptaineFiENN es, -and Captaine Austin were not farre off^ and were marching apace to their assistance) made, notwithstanding, some slaughter of the Prince's men, and maintained the Fight until the mentioned Forces approached the place ; but then the Prince, (the two sides growing into sorne equality of number,) fearing, perchance, to be too long engaged in a Fight, until the Lord-General's Army might approach, some of the fore-runners of ifilot being farre oiF, retreated-back into the City of Worcester, thorow which he marched-away with as much speed as he could, the Parliament- Forces following him thorow the Towne, and so over a Bridge, about which some of the Parliament Dragoneers were placed, who cut-off twenty of the Prince's Troopers, and tooke thirty Prisoners. There were found dead at the place of their first encounter 13 men. There were slaine of the Parliament-side of note. Colonel Sandys's Comet, who first of all fell, and Sergeant-Major Douglas ; and Colonel Sandys himselfe was desperately wounded, of which wounds he died about a Moneth after. It was reported that Colonel Wilmot, (of whom we have spoken before, and who was afterward an emitient Champion on the King's side,) was, in this conflict, runne thorow the body by Colonel Sandys. ■ His'- Excellency, immediately after this fight, came to Worcester with his Army, -pj^g Lord-General '-■where he resolved to quarter awhile, as a place convenient to send-out Parties Essex with his Army -■upon all occasions, and watch the motion of the King's Forces. This discourse '^""^^ '° ^°''<^^''^''- ■shall here leave him, and relate the passages of the other Armies. Prince Rupert, having left Worcester, marched with his Troops to Ludlow, twenty miles distant thence,; and the King with a small Body of Horse, passed into Wales, and having made a Speech full of Protestations, to the Inhabitants of Denbigh and 'Flintshire, and gained some Parties there, the next'tiay he marched "td" Shrewsi'ury, -where he intended to quarter for a time, as a fit Rendezvouze for xhe King with his thdseTorces expected from Wales, and other neere adjacent parts. To Shretusbury army comes to ■'the King caused a Mint to be brought, and there coyned all the Plate which he 23^''^j'^']'2"''y' ^°'''' then had, or was then and soone after, presented to him ; ^or many Noblemen, •Gentlemen, and others, about that time had furnished the. King, not onely with Horses and Armes, but- Money and- Plate, as the Citizens of London, and other Gentlemen had done to ihe Parliament, upon their Publike Faith, as is before ex- pressed. It is a wonderful thing, almost beyond what himselfe could hope, or the Parliament suspect, how much and how suddenly the King grew- in strength, in that little time that he quartered at Shrewsbury ; The KLing, within few daies after his coming thither, had, in publike, to the Gentry,. Freeholders, and other 'In- habitants of that County, made an Oration full -of .perswasive Art, and such winning expressions, as fitted the purpose he had in hand, such as might render himto the thoughts of. those pec^le, an injur'd Prince, -and move conjpassionate affections 166 THE HISTORY OF THE affections toward him. Which Speech of his, as it was reported and printed in London, I shall here insert. Arayr'"'' '° ^'' Gentlemen : It is some benefit to me, from the insolencies and ^misfortunes which have driven me about, that they have brought me to so good a fiart of my King- dome, and to so faithful a part of my Peo/ile: I hope neither you nor I shall repent my coming hither ; I will do my part that you may not ; and of you I was confident before I came. 'The residence of an Army is not usually pleasant to any place ; and mine may carry more fear e with it, since it may be thought (being robbed and spoiled of all mine owne, and such terrour used to fright and keep all men from supplying of me) I mustonely live upon the aid and relief e of my people. But be not afraid; I would to God my poore Subjects suffered no more by the insolence and violence of that Army raised against me (though they have made themselves wanton even with plenty) than you shall do by mine; and yet Ifeare I cannot prevent all disorders; I will do my best: And this^ I promise you. No man shall be a looser by me, if I can help it. I have sent hither for a Mint ; 1 will melt-downe all my owne Plate, and expose all my Land to sale or morgage, that, if it be possible, I may bring the least pressure upon you : In the mean time, I have summoned you hither to do that for me and yourselves, jor the maintenance of your Religion, and, the Law of the Land (by which you enjoy all that you have) which other men do against us. Do not suffer so good a Cause to be lost, for want of supplying me with that, which will be taken from you by those who pursue me with this violence. And, whilest these ill men sacrifice their Money, Plate, and utmost industry to destroy the Common-wealth, be you no lesse liberal to preserve it. Assure yourselves, if it please God to blesse me with successe, I shall remember the assistance that every particular man here gives me, to, his advantage. However, it will hereafter (how furiously soever the minds of men are now possessed) be honour and comfort to you, that, with some charge and trouble to yourselves, you did your part to sup- port your King, and preserve the Kingdome. much^'"™d af ^"* "^"^ ^"'^^ ^¥" ^^'^ '^^ King managed his affaires there, and so much had Shrewsbury. fortune crowned his endeavours, that before the middle of October, which was about three weekes after his first coming to Shrewsbury, with an inconsiderable Body of an Army, he was growne to a great strength, consisting of about six thousand PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 167 thousand Foot, three thousand brave Horse, and almost two thqusand Dragoneers ; And, purposing about that time to remove from thence, he issued out Warrants to the Inhabitants of Shrewsbury, and other adjacent Townes and VillageSj to send Horses and Carts for his removal. The King marched along within the view of Coventry, but not intending to lose any time there in sitting-downe before it, unlesse the Towne had been freely- surrendered to him : But that was denyed, though in a very humble Message, by the Governour of it. Marching-on, he came and lay at Southam, when the Lord- General Essex was not many miles distant from him. So much was the King now growne in strength, that he was able, at so great a distance, to strike some terrour into the City of Londonitselfe, and provoke their sedulous endeavour for a defence against his feared approach, though the Lord-General Essex with as great an Army, were then abroad to attend his Marches. The Parliament itselfe tooke the busi- Preparations are nesse into their strict care: For both Houses conceiving that the City was in im- Pa^rijanient'tor the minent danger of the King's Forces, ordered. That the Trayned-Bands thereof defence of Londoa should be speedily raised for a Guard ; That such Fortifications as could suddenly ^f^'"^'i'n0^td!)lr be made, should not be wanting ; That a Committee should be appointed to 1642.' consider of the present setting up Courts of Guard, and raising Works, for planting of Ordnance in special places about the City and Suburbs, According to which Order many hundreds of men fell presently to worke, in digging of Trenches, and other Bulwarks. It was Ordered likewise^ That the Trayned- Bands of London, Middlesex, and Surrey, should be put into a readinesse; And that the close Committee, by help of the Lord-Mayor, should, with all diligence, search-out and secure the persons of all tJie ill-aflFected Citizens, or the chiefe of them, that were suspected to be most able, or active, to raise a Party against the Parliament. Twelve Companies of London were, by Order of Parliament, sent to Windsor, to possesse and secure that Castle ; and many Seamen were raised to guard the passages of the River Thames. The Parliament about that time, considering how much these Civil distractions The Parliament au- increased over the whole Kingdome, passed -a Vote, That it was and should be j?""^^* '^'''^'^'^^"'. lawful for all Counties in England, to enter into an Association, for mutual defence togetlier for their of each other, of their Rehgion, Lawes, and Liberties. Whereupon, within a mutual defence. short time after, Buckingham, Hartford, and Nottinghamshire, began to associate after thaf manner^ raised Forces for the Parliament, and advanced both Plate and Money upon their Propositions. The danger that seemed to threaten London at that time, though distant in place, yet in reason was neer. For the King's Army was judged to be neerer to it than the Lord- General's wasj and it was probable enough, that his desires would rather lead him to attempt the City than to engage against the Army ; and it was thought and spoken by some, that London was a place where he had many friends, who, upon the approach of such an Army, would appeare for him, and, to facilitate his atchieveraents, would fill the City with intestine tumults and seditions : — That L&ndon was the onely place where the Parliament was to be totally suppres- sed. 168 THE HISTORY OF THE sed, and his Army enriched to the height of their desires. Bilt others were of opinion^ that such an attempt, as it was preposterous, would prove frustrate, and that the City could not be gained, unlesse the iVrniy were first subdued. For, be- sides the consideration, that the supposed Party for the King im London, were not, in probability, of power enough to accomplish his ends, it might be thought that they were not so desperately inclined to him, as to throw themselves and estates- into such hazard, as must be undergone in the confused rage of a licentious Army. But the maine reason against it was, That the Lord-General Essex, with an Army as strong as the King's, would follow his March neereathand, and, by the help of those Forces which the City of London would- poure-forth upon him, utterly ruine his inclosed Army. But^ howsoever the counsels were, it pleased God that it was brought to a Battel, to which probably the King might be the more invited by that- advantage of the absence of a great part of the Parliament's Army. The Battle of Edge- This famous Battel, called by some the Battel of EdgeMllj by others the Battel October^27"ie43' of' Kejjn ton (^thzt Keyulon is a little Towne in Wanvickshire, almost- in the mid-, way betweene Stratford upon Avon and Banbury) was fought on a Sunday, being: the 23d day of Octoberi The King on Saturday the 22d of October, came with- in six miles of Keynlon, and that night at Cropredy and Edgecot lodged his great Array, consisting of about 14',OG0 Foot, and about 4000 Horse and Dragoneers; a farre greater number than the Lord-General Essex had together at that time (though his whole Army, consisted of morej ) for that opportunity the King tooke of the absence of many Regiments of the Parliament. The Lord-General Essex on that Saturday night quartered at Keynton with his Army, consisting then but of r2Regiments of Foot,and about 40 Troops of Horse, little, in all, exceeding the num- ber of 10)000 men. The reason why his Forces at thattime were no more in number, waSj (besides that, by reason of the suddennesse of his march, and diligence to follow the King's Army, he had left behinde two Regiments of his Footj one under the Command of Colonel H AMD EN, the other of Colonel Grantham, together with 1 1 Troops of Horse, behinde but one dales March, and'left to bring-on the Artilr lery, which was seven Peeces of Canon, with great store of Ammunition, and which came not to Keynton till the battel was quite ended ;) the Lord-General also had before left for preservation of the Countries thereabout {and whom on such a sud- den he could not call- together to his Assistance) one Regiment of Foot, and two Troops of Horse, under the command of the Earle of Stamford at Hereford, that the power of Wales might not fall into Glocester»hire ; another Regiment was left at Worcester, another at Coventry, for the safety of that Townej and one Regiment occasionally lodged then ia Banbury. In Keynlon the Lord- General intended to rest Sunday, to expect the residue of his Forces and Artillery : but in the morning the Enemy was discovered not far off ; which made him give present order for drawing that Army which he had there, into the field. The King's Forces had gotten the advantage of a very high and steepe ascent, called Edgehill, from whence they were discovered that morning; not farre from the foot of that hill, was a broad Champion, called, TAe vale of the red Horse, a name suitable to the colour which that day was ta bestow wpon PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 169 upon it; for there happened the greatest part of the encounter. Into that field the Lord^General was forced presently to mapch, making a stand about halfe a mile distant from the foot of Edgehill, where he drew his Army into Battalia, and saw the King's Forces descending the Hill, ready for their encounter ; that Army at the first having two advantages, of the hill, and of the winde. It was full of skilfull Commanders, and well-ordered; their greatest Body of Horse was on the right wing ; on the left were some Horseand Dragooneers* The Parliament- Army was d-rawne-up and put into Battalia upon a little rising ground in the forenamed Vale, the Foot being, many of them, a. good space behind the Horse, when the Charge began. Three Regiments of Horse were on the right wing; the Lord- General's owne Regiment, commanded by Sir Philip Stapleton ; Sir William Balfore's Regiment, who was MeutenantGeneral of the Horse ; and the Lord-Fi elding's Regiment, which stood behinde the other two, in the way of a Reserve; Sir John Mieldrum's Brigado had the Van; Colonel Essex was in the middle; the Lord-General's Regiment, the Lord BrookEj and Colonel Hollis, were in the Reare ; in the left wing were about 20 Troops of Horse, commanded by Sir James Ramsey, their Commissary-Gene- ral. In this posture they stood, when the other Army advanced toward them, the strength of their Horse being (as aforesaid) on their right wing, opposite to the left wing of the Parliament- Army. The Cannon on both sides with a loud thunder began the Fight ; in which the successe was not equal, the Parliament's Cannon doing great execution upon their Enemies, but theirs very little. / The Earle of Lindsey,, General for the King, with a Pike in his hand, led-on themaine Body of that Army, in which was the King's owne Regiment, encounv tred by the Lord-General Essex, who exposed himselfe to all the danger that a Battell could make ; first, leading-on his Troope, then his owne Regiment of Foot^ and breathing courage into them, till, being disswaded by divers from engaging himselfe too farre, he returned to the rest of the Army, to draw them on. The chiefe Regiments having begun the Battell, Sir Philip Stapleton, with a brave Troop of Gentlemen (which were the General's Life-Guard, and commanded by him) charged the King's Regiment on their right flanke within their Pikes, and came-off without any great hurt, though those Pikemen stoutly defended themselves, and the Musqueteers, being good firemen, played fiercely, upon ttiem. 1 he Bat- tle was hot at that place, and so many of the King's side shine, that the Parlia- ment-Army began to. be victorious there; they tooke the Standard -Royal the bearer thereof. Sir Edmund Varney, being slaine.; and the General, the Earle of Lindsay, sorely wounded, was taken Prisonei;. But the same fortune was not in every part; for the King's right wing, led by Prince : Rupisrt, charged fiercely upon the left wing of the other (consisting mostly of Horse ) and prevailed altogether: for the Parliament-Troops ranne,jalinost all, away^in that Wing ; and m^ny of their Foot-Companies, dismayed with their flight, fled all aw£i,y, before z they 170 THE HISTORY OF THE they had stood one Charge; Colonel Essex, beiiig' utterly forsaken by that whol« Brigade which he commanded, went himself into the "Van, where he performed ' excellent service, both by directten and execution, till at the last he was shot in SirFaithfulFortescue the thigh, of which he shortly after died. Some part ef their disheartning was deserts to the King caused by the' revolt of their owne side; for Sir Faithful FtfRTEScuE, at the wit a roopo oise; jjggjnjijpg of the Fight, instead of charging the Enemy, discharged his Pistoll to the ground, and with his Troope, whe^ing- about, ranne to the King's Army, to whom he had before gilren notice thereof by his Cornet. The Parliament- Army would have uftdbubtedly been ruined that day, and an absolute Victory gained on the King's side, if Prince Rupert and his pursuing Troops bad been more tem- perate in plundering so untimely as they did, and had wheeleid-ybou^to assist their distressed -friends in other parts^^of the Army ; for Prince Rupert followed the chase to iTe^^ora-Towne, where the Carriages of the Army were ; which they pre- sently pillaged, using great cruelty, (as was afterward related'^) to the unarmed Waggonersand laboufing-men. A great number of the flying Parliament-Souldiers were slaine in that Chase, which was continued for two miles beyond KeyMtm, and ferther, till the Pursuers were forced to retire, having met-with Colonel Hambben, who was marching to joiii the Lord'General with the other Brigade of the Army, that brouf ht-on the Artillery end Ammunition before spoken-of. Colonel Hambden discharged five pieces of Cannonagainst them; some were slaine, and the rest, ceasing the pursuit, retired hastily to the field, where they found all their Infantry, excepting Sir William Kilfore ^"^^ Regiments, qiiite defeated. For in the meane time. Sir Will am Balfore, Lieu- defeats two of the tenant-General of the Horse, 'with a Regiment of Horse, charged a Regiment of the Kinii'sRcghncnts of giug'g Foot, before any Foot, of his ovraesidcj could come-up to.hira, and, breaking most bravely into it, had cut most of them ofF^ and afterward^ by the assistance of some Foot, who were come-up to him, he defeated another Regiment, and so got- up to the greatest part of the King's Ordnance, taking some of them, cutting-off the Geeresof the Horses that drew them, and killing the Gunners, but was mfor- ^^cedto leave them without any Guard, by reason that he laboured most to make good the day against several Reghnents of the King's Foot, who still fought with much resolution, especially that which was of the King's Guard, where his Stan- dard was; by which Sir William Balfore's Regiment rede, when they carae- back from taking the Ordnance, and were by them mistaken for their owne side. Their passing without any Hostility, was the cause, that, •immediately afterward. Sir William riding-up toward the Lord-General Essex's Regiment of Horse, they gave fire upon'-Sir W'1ll:amBalfore's men, supposing them to be Enemi^^ Istit, soone discovering each other, they jeyned Companies, and were led-up with halfe the Lord-General's Regiment, by his Excellency himsetfe, against the King's maine strength, where a terrible and bloody encounter happened : At the same time Colonel Ball AKD, who led a brigade there of the Lord-General's Regiment and the Lord Brooks's, forced a staad of the King's Pikes, and broke through two of fais Rcg^eats. In PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 171 Ih this great conflict the Standard-Royal (as .aforesaid)' was taken, and Sir Edmund Vauney slaine, and the Earle bi Lindsey, witli his Sonne, were taken PrisonerSjtogether with Colonel Vavasor, Lieutenant Colonel of that- Regiment j Colonel MuNROE also was there slaine. The Standard thus taken, and put into the LoFd-General's hand, was by him delivered to his Secretary. Master Chambers; but the Secretary, after he had carried it some time in his hand, suffered it to be taken from hira by an unknowne person, and so it was privately conveyed-away. There also was great service per- formed by the Lord Gray, Sonne to the Earle of Stamford, and Sir Arthur Haslerig, and a considerable help given to the turning of the day, by defeating a Regiment of the King's, called the Blew Regiment. By this time all the King's Foot, excepting two Regiments, were dispersed, and the Parliamentarians had gotten the j^dvantage of the winde, and that ground which their Enemies had fought-upon. Those two Regiments of the King's, retiring themselves, and finding their Ordpance behind them without any guard, took stand there, and made use of their CannoQs, discharging many shot against their Enemies. But at that tkne the Parliament-Foot began to want powder ; otherwise yith his whole force could be well accommodated to march from Windsor (where he lay that winter) to\yard the King. But it so fell-out, either by reason of ill weather- at some times, or, at others, for want of Money or fit accommodation, that the General himselfe, with his maine Army, marched not forth until the spring : when his first businesse was to lay siege to Reading, which was fortified by the King's Forces, and maintained by a. ^ A ^ Qarriso?, 1,80, The Lord-General Essex besieges Rea- ding, April 25, 1C43. The Parliament sends Commissioners to the King at Ox- ford, with Proposi- tions of Peace; Ja- nuary 31, 1642-3. The King makes other propositions to the Parliament. InFebruaiiy, 1642. THE iilStORY OF THE G^inripon of SOOO SouIdlerSj and 20 Peecea of Ordnance ; before vvhjch Towne h& s^fe dpwne upoi^ the five and twenfietli day of .April, 1643, with an Army of about 16,opo Foot, and 3000, Horse. Now, (.leaying th<; tordrGeneral before Reading ^yith his Army) in, the meane tipi.e we viil sh^w one maine reason why he did no sooner ad.vance. The exppcr. tadon of another Treaty, whicli *he Parlmtnent h^d desiredrtq have with the King, for settling of the Kingdorpe's Peace, (which pi^ovedfruillesse,) in debate lasted, a Ipng, time. Propositions, were drawoip-ijp by the Parliament, ai^d, sent to Oxfyrd, qnthQ.^lst of January, 1642, by, four.e_ Lords and eight, Conamoners, the Earlea of Morthupiberland, Pejnbroo^'^, Sarum, and Holland, Lord. Wainman, Lord DuNGAR.VA,N, Sir 'John Hojl,land, Sij WitLiAivt, Litton,^ Master Pereoin.t, IVIaster VyAtL^R, Master, Whijlock, Master "ViTiNuooP ; 1^10 Propositions v^ere :, 1. That the;King would p^sse those Bills which the Houses had made ready. 2. To passe a Bill for settling Parliament -Priviledges and Liberties. 3. For bringing to tryal those Delinquents whom the Hpi^fis h?id; impeached since January last. 4. For.' clearing the six Members before-mentipngd, 5. ¥,ox restoring all Judges and Officers of State lately removed. 6. To.pa«Se.a Bill for re-paying the charge of the Kingdome.- 7. A Bill for an A^t of Obfivion. 8> An Act for a general pardon without, exception. 9, Tjhat there may be a Cessaiion, of Ajrines for fourteene dales, to agree upoa these Pro.positionsi Themng not liking, nor yet utterly refusing, these Propositions, sent the Com- missioners hbme to their Parliament, within a weeke after they came, to Carry- six Propositions fi*om him to the Houses ; which were : 1 . That his Revenue, Magazines, Townes, Forts, and Ships, may be delivered tohirn. 2.' That all Orders and. Ordinances of Parliament wanting his assent, maybe recalled. 3. That all power exercised over his Subjects by^Assessements, and imprisoning their persons, may^be disclaimed. 4. Th^t he will yeeld to the execution of the Laws againstPapists, provided that the Booke of; (^ommbn Prayer be confirmed. 5. That such persons as, upon the Treaty, shall be excepted out of the general Pardon, shall be tryed by their Pepres onely. ' 6, That there be a Cessation, of Armes during the Treaty. The Houses, upon receiving of these Propositions, though at firet it were the opinion of, many, not to send any Answer at all to them j yet at last, to shew respect to the King, entred into a further debate about treating with hijn concern- ing, the Propositions on both sides, and concerning the Cessation' of Arms, or dis- bandipg J with such limitatiqns and restrictions. touching the ordqr of -treating, as would pergh^ce seeme too tedioiiS to behpre related j and on. the, '20th oi.MarA the PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. J 81 the Earle of Northumberland, Sir John EbtLANDj Sir William Armine, TheParliament Master Perpoint, and Master Whitlock ("the Lord Sat should have been one, again sends Com. , , „■ 1 • . • r ^ , . o- T Ti ' niissioneis to the but the King excepted against him, as formerly against Sir John Javelin, upon King at Oxford, to the same ground, which though the Parliament tooke ill at the first, yet they pro- 'J.eat 9^^^^^' ceeded in the businesse) were sent to Oxford as Treaters upon those Propositions. ' In vaine was this Treaty ; so high the demands were judged to be on both sides, that there seemed no possibility of ever meeting. Where the fault lay, I judge not ; but the Parliament, after many Messages betweene London and Oxford, at last sent for their Commissioner's home againe ; who returned to London upon the 1 7th of April ; upoi^ which the Lord-General immediately advanced with his Army (as The Earl of Essex aforesaid) to besiege Reading. . Aprif tg. 1643°^' Readingvjzs not able to hold^-out long ; but the Lord-General was loath to storme it for feare of destroying so many innocent people as remained in the Towne ; which compassion of his was well-approved of by the Parliament ; therefore upon composition it was rendred within sixteene dales tdhis Excellency ; by the Deputy- Governour, Colonel Fielding; for the Governour, Sir Arthur Aston, was be- fore wounded by an accident, and, could not/performe the Office. The Termes were Reading is surren- easie ; for th'ey all marched-out with bagge andbaggage- This siege had not at all dered to the Earl of advantaged the Parliament, if another businesse had not fallen-out during that short nint'^ef May,^ lefs^" siege ; which may also be thought a reason, why the Towne was so soone rendred. A good Body of the King's Forces, both Horse and > Foot (the King himselfe in Person not farre from them) came to relieve Reading, assaulting one QOarter of the Parliament- Army at Causum Bridge, within a mile- of the Towne, and were beaten-back with great slaughter, which fell especially upon Gentlemen of-quality, of whom the King at that encounter lost a considerable number:j bjit how many they were, or their particular names, Lfinde not mentioned. The gaining of Reading might seeme an addition of strength to the Parliament- side; it proved otherwise: Nothing was gotten but a barc^Townci whith had been happier, had it been onely so : But the Towne wasinfected, and caused aftervrards a ^ contagious sicfc- greatmortalityintheParliament-Armyi And, besides, the Souldiers were discontented, Readino-, of which because, though their pay was much in arrear, they were not suffered to plunder, or ^^any of the Par- make any benefit, of their victory. For the Parliament, before i£(?adm^ was de-jf^'^^"*''^''''^'^" livered-up, had approved of the Conditions, and promised to the Lord-General's Souliliersi to indu^:e them to forbeare piunderjng, twelve shillings a man, besides their pay; , Rutneitheroitheseproinises were then performed; money.begjnning alrea(!y to; be wanting, and theigreaCMagazine of Treasure inQuild-Hall being quite consumed. While they stayed there, expectiiigmoneyj ihesicknesseand mortality daily increased,, and the LordtGeneraf. by advice of his Council of War, intended to march thence for better ayre. Butsucha general mutiny wasraised for want of Money, that his Excel- lency, though! with much; courage and just severityhe began; to suppresse it, was advised -by his. Council ofWarre to desist, for feare of a general defection, till money.might come from the City, Notwithstanding, upon this discontent in the Anny, whilest his. Exc^enoyjremoved to Gazmiro House to avoid' the infection, many 182 THE HISTORY OF THET The King's troops, under Sir Ralph Hopton, are success- ful ifa-Devonshire. A Plot at Bristol to betray that city to the King's troops. May 12, 16-42. It is discovered and prevented, and two of the conspirators are put to death. many of the Souldiers disbanded^ and went-away. Then began a tide of mFsfor- tune to flow-in upon the Parliament side ; and their strength almost in every place to decrease at one time ; for during the time of these six moneths, since the Bat- tel of Keynton, until this present distresse of the Lord-General's Army about Cauxum, which was about the beginning of JVIay, the Warre had gone- on v/ith great fury and heat, almost thorow every part of England ; the particulars of which shall hereafter be related by themselves, to avoid confusion in the Story : The Lord-General had at that time intelligence that Sir Ralph Hopton had given a great defeat to the Parliament-Forces of Devonshire ; and tKat Prince Maurice, and the Marquesse- of Hartford were designed that way, to possesse themselves wholly of the West. Leaving therefore the Lord-General awhile, I shall proceed to speak of some things which happened at other places in that Moneth of May. The King's Armies were then in faire possibility of gaining the whole West ; and seemed of strength enough to> atchieve it by open Warre, without the assistance of secret treacheries, and conspiracies ; which, notwithstanding, were then in agitation, though they proved not successful against the Parliament, but destructive to the contrivers. As at Bristol, a place of great import, and much desired, by the King's Forces, when the plot of betraying that City to Prince Rupert was set on foot; which I here relate, as falling-out about the beginning of May, \ 643* The City of Bristol w&s then in the Parliament's protection, and governed by Colonel Nathanifx Fiennes, second Sonne to the Viscount Say and Seale, though many of the Inhabitants there, (as appeared by this designe,) were dis- affected to the Parliament's side. This designe was very bloody, and many of that City had perished in it, had not the Conspirators been discovered and apprehended a little before they were to put it in execution. Robert Yeomans, late Sheriffs of Bristol, William Yeomans his brother, George Bourchier, and Edwarh Dacres, were the chiefe managers of thia Design^ ; who, with many others of that opinion, had secretly provided themselves, with Armes^intending to kill the Centinels by night, and possesse the maine Guard, (with other particulars, to be found in the .Records of their examinations, and the proofes against them ) whereby to master the greatest part of the other side within the Towne, to kill the Mayor, and many others that were knowne to stand affected to the Parliament ; and by that meanes to betray the City to the King's Forces. In expectation of which act. Prince Ruplrt, with other Commanders, and about 4000 Horse, and 2000 Foot, stayed ^pon Durdam Downes, about two miles from the City. But the Plot was discovered ,.and the Conspirators apprehended, and broughtto trial by a Council of warre, where the fourepersonsforenamed were condemned, and two of them hanged 2X Bristol, namely, Robert Yeomans, and George Bour-' CHiER ; although great meanes had been made to save them, and Colonel Fiennes to that purpose had been threatened from Oxford, by General Riven (created by the King Earle of Forth).'m a Letter unto him; which being of great consequence, for PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 183 for the cleare understanding of tTiis War, and the nature of it, I have thought fit to insert it here, together with the Answer thereunto. Patrick Earle of Forth, Lord Etterick, and Lord-Lieutenant of all His Ma- jestie's Forces. J, Having been informed^ that lately at a Council ofWarreyou.have con- demned to death Robert Yeomans, late Sheriffe of Bristol, .wJio hath. His Majestic s Commission for raising a Regiment for his Service, William Yfomans his brother^ George Bourchicr, and Edward Dacres, all for ex~ Jiressing their Loyalty to His :Majesty, and endeavouring his Service ac- cording to their Allegiance; and that you intend to pros:eed speedily against ■divers others in the like manner : Do therefore signifie to you, that I intend speedily to put Master Gtorgt, Master Sie.'VQns, Captaine Hnniley, and 'Others, taken in Rebellion against His Majesty at Cicester, into the same condition. 1 do further advise you, that, if you offer, by that unjust Judge- ment, to execute any of them you have so condemned; that those here in -custody, Master George, Master Ste\ ens, and Captaine Hunilej, must expect no favour or mercy. Given under my hand at Oxford, this 1 6th of Mav, 1 643. To the Commander in Chiefe of the Council of Warre in Bristol. .Forth. The Answer to this L'etter was as folio weth-: Nathaniel FiENMES/Governour, and the Council of War in the City of Bmiot Having received a Writing from your Lordship, wherein it is declared, that, upDn information of our late proceedings against Robert Yeomans, William Yeomans, and others, you intend speedily to put Master George, Master Stevens, Captaine Huntley, and others, into thcsame condition.: 'We are well assured, jh*"♦• l^y long sicknesse, and other wants ; the long-successeful Sir William Waller, quite broken in the West ; and, about the same time, the Lord Fairfax, and his Sonne Sir Thomas Fairfa:^, (though reserved by divine Providence for a tran- scendant height of honour in the future) with almost all the Gentlemen which served the Parliament in those Northerne parts, beipg defeated by the Earle of 3 c NewcOiStle; 194 THE HISTORY OF TliK * Nevi>casl'le; and the Lord Fairfax, with his Sonne, driven into the Towne of Hull: On the other side, the King's Armies were full and strong; Sir Ralph HoPTON, (whom,' for his valour and industry, the King had honoured with the Title of a Baron,) was possessed of a gallant Army in the West, and seemed to want nothing so much as a considerable enemy ; the King's other Forces were free to The City of Bristol chuse what Stage they, pleased, to act their parts upon. Prince Rupert was sent Ru'^tr"^^^™" to besiege Bristol, where Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes, second Sonne to the "''^' ' Viscount Say, was Goveniour ; which City, in this low ebbe of the Parliament, could not long hold-out, but was soone delivered to the Prince, — a place of as And the City ofExe- much concernment as any in the Kingdome. Prince Maurice, with another ter^by Prince Mau- ^^my^ (,^^15 to besiege the City of Exeter, into which the Earle of Stamford was retreated after his defeat at Stretton, in Cornwall; — a Nobleman who had long struggled with various successe, and in sharpe encounters, against Sir Ralph HoPTON, and other Commanders of the King's side in those Westerne Counties, 2nd was ruined at last by the treacherous revolt of some who had taken the same cause with him at the first. This City was, likewise, after a long siege, for want of supplies, delivered, upon Articles, to the Prince that besieged it. The Earl'of New- But the great cloiij, which not onely overshadowed the Parliament in the North, '^^w'iful'Array^fo^ ^"^ threatened to poureout storraes upon parts farre remote, was the Earle of the Kins in the Newcastle, with his mighty Army, who was growne formidable to the Associated North ¥ THE PARLlAMkNT OF ENGLAND. Tahdlngisf Colonel Gomi^e at JSletocasikt v?lth 2'^ Commandei'S from Hollandt and Dthef Provision^ for the Warre. . The E^rlt of Neiitastle mai'ching from Tadcaiieft Sur^sh'sed Leedes, in which Tovirne he tobke many Gentlertitn PnsonefS, and forced them to ransome them* selves at high fates : /Whereby hewas further enabled to pay his great Army. Then also he gave Commissions to Pa{)ists in that Country to arme themselves in the King's Service, which he justified by writings published uptSn that occasion j and at the'slame time proclaimed the Lord Fairfax aTraytor. The Lord PaikfaX, notwithstanding, marched with Such Forces as he had gotten together, and proved successeful in divers attempts, against several parts of the ]Earle of Newcastle's Forces, one of theim happening at Skerb^met between Tad- caster zndDonccisteri and another at Bradford^ against a party of the Earle of Netvtastle's Army, under the tonduct of Colonel GokiNc, Colonel Eve RS, Sir William Savile^ and Sir Jo!hn GoTttEkieKj who came with a good strength of Hofsef and Dragoneers to surprize on a sudden that Towne of Bradford} but were by Forces, tamely sent to the reiiefe of it, forced to retire with some losse ( which, though it were not a Victory against Colonel GoriNg and the re^t, may, notwithstanding) be terdied a succes^eRiI Action^ in b^ng able to repel an £nemy loo potent few them in all probabiiity. CHAP. 197 CHAP. IV. Some Actions o//S«V Thomas Fairfax in the North. The Queene lands in England. The revolt of Sir Hv on *Cholmely, and the two Hothams. The state of this Warre in the Westerne parts. The condition of the Associated Counties. A short relation of Sir William Waller's Actions ; of Colonel Cromwell, Sir Wil- liam Brereton, and Sar John Gell. vjREAT were the atchiev'emehts of Sir Thomas^ Fairfax in that moaeth of Great and act! re ser- January, and the following Februiiry ; for no season of the yeare, nor stormes of pL^rfax^o the'par-** "v?inter» could quench the rage of this Civil Fire. Sir Thomas Fairfax on the Hament, in January 23d of Janwor^, 1642, marched from Bradford {six miles distant {roiaLeedes)t°'^^''^l°^^y''^^*^' Vihh six Troops of Horse, and three Dbmpanies of Dragoones^ under the conrniand "' of Sir Henry FoiffLiSj- Baronet, his Lieutenant-Geheral of his Horse, and neere lOOa Mujqueteers, with 2000 Clubmen, under the Command of Sir William Fairfax, Colonel, and Lieutenaiit-General of the Foot. When Sir Thomas ap- He take^ the town proached the Town o( Leeds, he dispatched a Trumpeter to Sir William Savile, of Leeds in York- ^ Commandei" in chiefe there, under the Earle of Newcastle, requiring the Towne ^'"" to be delivered to him for the King and Parliaiment. But receiving a re^olutej and seemihg-scdrnefulj answer from Sir William S a vile, he drew neerer, and pre- . pared to make an Assault^ though there were great strength in the Towrte^ namek, 1500 Foot, and SOO Horse and DragooneSj With two Brasse Sakers, Sir Thomas Fairfax drew-out five Companies of his most expert Souldiers, whom he dis- posed-of at a fit side of the Town, under the command of Major Forbes, Captaines Briggs, Lee, Franke, and Palmer. Sir William Fairfax, at the head of his Regimdit, and in the face of the Enemy, stormed the Town with great skill and courage, Whilest Major Forbbs did the like in his place, and Sir Thomas him- selfe, everywhere -eacouragipgj^Bd teaching valour •t^shisowneestample, brought- on V98 THE HISTORY OF THE on his men ; so that aJFter two houres of hot fight, though the besieged behaved themselves well, the Towne was entered by Sir Thomas Fairfax, Sir William Fairfax, and Sir Henry Fowl es, on one side, and Major Forbes, with his fellow-Captalnes, on the other. They tboke within the Towne their two Brasse Sakers, with good store of Armes and Ammunition, foure Colours, and 503 Prisoners, among whom were six Commariders : The Common Souldiers, upon taking of an Oath, never to fight in this cause against the King and Parliament, were set at liberty, and suffered to depart, but without their Arms. There were slaine about forty men, of which number the besieged lost the greater halfe. Ser- jeant-Major Be A MONT, endeavouring in the flight to save, his life, by crossing the River, so lost it, being drowned therein; and Sir William S a vile himselfe, crossing in flight the same River, hardly escaped the same fate. Publike thanks- giving to Almighty God was given at London for this Victory. AndWikcfield. gj^. -j-jjoj^^s FAIRFAX with his victorious Forces, immediately marched to another Quarter of the Earle of Netvcastle's Army at fVahefield, from whence the chiefe Commander, Sir George WENTWoRTHj'^fled, and left it to him. Not long And Ta^caster ^ft^r, he marched to Tadcasler ; at whose approach the Earle's Forces, though a considerable number, fled-away, and forsooke their Workes. From that time scarce any one fortnight of all the following Spring, passed with- out some remarkable addition of strength to the King's side, in those Northerne parts. In February General Kins, a Scottish Commander, of great experience n - ifn»/.,,r^»c ill Military affaires, came out of Holland, landed 2X Newcastle, ioyned himselfe General iving comes ,,.^-_^ i-r7-7»i *ti from Holland with With the Earle or Newcastle^ and passed to Yorke with 6000 Armes. In the same ^rcat store of ariiij Moneth also the Queene, landing from Holland, neere to Sunderland, -with, great And likewfse the Provision of Armes and Ammunition, and many Commanders of note in her Re- Queen, in February, tinew, was convoyed by the Earle of Newcastle to the City of Yorke. 1^*2-3. The Earle of JVIontrosse about the same time, a young Lord of great esteemein Th F 1 fM Scotland, who, before, in the Scottish Warre (as is there mentioned) had shewed irotie comes-over to himselfe one of the most active and zealous Covenanters of that Nation, forsook the King. hls Party there, and, with the Lord Oclesby, fled out of Scotland with 120 Horse, to the Queene at Yorhe. Upon which both those Lords were proclaimed at t den- burgh Traytors to their King and Country^ for that, contrary to their Covenant, they stole out of Scotland, to assist the Popish Army, (for so they called that of the Earle of Newcastle) against the Parliament of England. Another great wound to the Parliament, not long after, was the revolt of Sir And Sir Hugh HuGH Cholmely, a Member of the House of Commons, and one that had car- o me y. j^gj ^ good esteeme among them, who had before (as is already mentioned) been employed by the Parliament, as a Commissioner in the North, together with the Lord Fairfax, and Sir Philip Stapleton; and was at this time highly en- trusted by them ; for he was Governour of Scarborough, a place of great import- ance. He falsely betrayed his Trust, and forsooke the Cause he had undertsJten, going to the Queene with 300 men. Upon which he was Impeached of High Treason by the Parliament ; but it was not his fortune to suffer for that offence, as others PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 199 Others did, who about the same time failed in their Trusts. The Towne of Scar- Captain Brown borough wzs left in possession of a Parliament- Captaine, who was usually called ff'^''^'«",/^^°''/ ''■'°™ "_,,,, ' , , , 111 1 • L T» !• ' ""^ rarl lament, and Browne Eui/iell, a man that some taought would nave kept it to the rarliaivient s surrenders Sc^rbo- use ; but he likewise revolted, and delivered it to their Enemies. ''""gh '" 'he King's Upon the landing of General King, and the Queene presently after, a suspicion ^^'^ ^' began to arise, by some circumstances, that the two unfortunate Hothams, the father and the sonne, were false to the Parliament. Which by the strict obser- vation of some vigilant men on that side, was farther discovered, and began at last to be discoursed- of, with as little beliefs for a long time, as Cassandrae's Pro- „. , , ,, . , . II- , • 1 " • 1 , , Sir John Hotham phecies ; and, when it came more plainly to appeare, with as much, not onely and his son design wonder, but sorrow, of honest men, that so much unconstancy should be found. '» revolt from the The particulars of this discovery, and how much the Parliament, if it had not been di^covered'and'*'^* timely prevented,, would have suffered by it, there will be time hereafter to discourse seized-upon at Hull, of more at large. But they were both accused to the Parliament, seized-upon at ^J^** "^^''"P p™""" Hull, and sent-up to London, where they long remained Prisoners in the Tower, before the time of their Tryal and Execution. Not all these disadvantages^ by the growth of Enemies, and revolt of friends, could dishearten the Lord Fairfax and his Sonne, who still persisted with great courage, and raising the Clubmen c{ the Country, to piece-up those small Forces which remained with them, were able for a while to make considerable resistance, and performe divers services against some parts of the Earle of Newcastle's vast Army. But one Victory was gained by. Sir Thomas Fairfax at fVakefield, which may be termed rather miraculous than strange ; though I shall relate nothing save knowne truth: — such a Victory, against so much odds, and so many disadvan- tages, as' may serve to teach how much successe may possibly crowne bold attempts, and justifie that old saying, ^udaces fortunn juvat. The Lord Fairfax, General of the Parliament's Forces in the North, on the 2Cth of May, gave Order for a Party to be drawrie-out from the Garrisons of Leedes, Bradford, Halifax, znd Howlei/: They marched, 1000 Foot, three Companies of Dragoneers, and eight Troops of Horse ; Sir Thomas Fairfax commanded Sir Thomas Fairfax in Chiefe ; the Foot were commanded by Sir William Fairfax, and Serjeant S!*'"* a sloriousvic- Major-General Gifford; the Horse divided into t\vo< Bodies, foure Troops ^ay^ao, 1643.^ ' whereof were commanded by SirTnoMAs Fairfax himselfe, the other foure by Sir Henry Fowi.YS. From Howlcy, which was their rendezvouze, they marched- away, and by fcure a clock in the morning came before JVakeJield ; Those of the Tcwne were ready for -them, and sent-out some of their Horse to encounter with theirs, and Musq-ueteers to line some hedges, even to the very Towne. There were in IVaheJield .1000 Foot, and seven Troops of Horse, besides Colonel Lamp- ton's Regiment, which came into the Towne after that the Parliament's Farces entered into it. But at the first encounter the Parliament's Forces beat back their Enemie's Hofire ; and their Foot also drove those Musqueteers from the hedges^ even into the Towne, which they assaulted in two places, called Wrengaie, and j^orthgate, and after an houreandanhalfe'sfighting»recoyerevhile prosperous against Sir Ralph Hopton ; but, not long after, was overthrown in consequence of the revolt of young Chudley, Sonne to Sir John Chudley, by whose assistance, on some former occasions, those Parliament- Forces had been victorious. The Earle of Stamford was then enforced to betake himselfe to the City of Exeter, whither Hopton and Chudley followed him, to lay siege to the place. But Prince Maurice was soon after sent thither to command in chiefe ; to whom at last ( as is before expressed) it was, upon faire articles, surrendered by the Earle of Stamford, Notwithstanding so many misfortunes, as had then fallen upon the Parliament- side; about the end of May, 1643, they did not despaire of regaining the whole West, by the active valour of Sir William Waller, who, about that time, was very prosperous in those Counties, and in some Parts of the Principality of Wales, and whose name was growne to be a great terrour to his Enemies. Of his actions, and by what degrees he grew into esteeme and strength, it will not be amisse to relate some particulars in a continued series, considering how great a General he became afterwards in these Warres, and in what a low Command he began. He was a Gentleman of faire experience in Military affaires by former travels, and services abroad ; of good judgement, and great industry ; of which he gave many testimonies to the Kingdome. Sir William Waller, about the time of the Battel oiKeynton, received a com- of Sir William mission to be Colonel of Horse ; and, moving that winter following as occasions of Waller. 2d the 203 THE HISTORY OF THE the present Wafre required, performed many exploits ; he tooke in i^am^am Castle, and passed Southward, after that Portsmduth, by his assistance, had been taken from Colonel Goring, and some other quick services at Winchester, and in the Coun. try thereabout?, which he had performed, joyning himselfe with Colonel Brown, a Citizen oi' London (who tooke-up Armes at the beginning of this Civil Warre, and continued till the very end, in high Commands, and reputation as high; of whose actions, more must be delivered in the sequel of this History). Colonel fluRREY, and some others passing into the Westerne part,o{- Sussex, he layed siege to the City of Chichester ; in which City tnany Gentlemen of ranke and quality had fortified themselves^ and gathered together a considerable quantity of Armes and Ammunition for service tof the King against the Parliament, ile takes Chi Chester, About the middle of December, appearing before Chichester, he was there met ecem er,23, 1642. j^^ g^^^^^ Forces, Troops of Horse -and Dragoniers, that came to his assistance irom. Keiit and Sussex, under the conduct of Colonel Morley, a Member of the House of Commons, (a Gentleman of good tanke in Sussex and great activity in the Parliament-Service,) and Sir Mi chael Leivesey, a Kentish Krtight. The<.Bat. tery was placed by Sir William, at fit places, and all things ordered with great skill ; but, before the battery began, to save effusion of blood, Sir William, by the consfent of all his Officers, summoned the Town by-a Trumpet, with such Con- ditions offered as were judged too high by the besieged, and therefore at first not accepted-of ; yet after' eight dales it was rendered to him upon no other Con- ditions than onely Quarter and faire usage. The prisoners of note, whitth were taken therewere immediately sent toward London to the Parliament, who were. Sir Edward Ford, High Sheriff of Sussex, Sir John Morley, Colonel Shelley, Master Leaukner, Colonel Lindsey, Lieutenant-Colonel Porter, Major Dawson, and Major Gordon, with Doctor King, then Bishop of Chichester, and many other Officers and Commanders in Armes, to the number of 60, about 400 Dragoniers, and almost as many Foot-Souldiers." In the March following, his employment was in the Westerne parts -of England, where he raised Forces. Th% next in command iinder him, who continued with him in almost all his actions, was Sir Arthur Haslerig, another Member of the House of Commons, serving as Knight for Leicestershire, a man that, in all Battells and Skirmishes, gave great proofs of his prowesse and personal valour, Sir William Waller having now raised a competent force, and marching out of Bristol on the nineteenth of March, iAnd Mahnsbujry, within two daies after, approached Malmeshurij, Colonel Herbert Lunsford, a Mardi 'iz, 1642-3. gfout Gentleman, and a good Souldier, (Brother to Sir Thomas Lunsford, that was taken at /r^j/nion-Battel,) was then Governour of TJV/a/?Ke5^M?-j/ ; who, upon the first approach, sent-out seven Troxjps of Horse, to begiii an encounter with him j but they were no waies able to endure the force of those Horse which- Sir William had'drawne-out jtgainst them, but fled immediately, some of them back into the Towne ; many of them,' conceiving that there was small safety in the Towne for them, fled quite away. '•Si? William assaulted th^ Towne the same day y but, not prev^Ung then, he lodged PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND 203 lodged there all night, preparing the next morning for another, and more fierce, assault. But the besieged, conceiving the place untenable, desired a Parley, and yielded upon Quarter. He tooke at Malmeshury one, Peece of Ordnance, about three hundred Prisoners, whereof Colonel Lunsford and Colonel Cooke were the chiefe, with almost twenty Officers, great and small : good store of rich prize and Amtnuniiion ; the Conquest was bloodlesse, and very few slaine on either side. Within few dales after he obtained a very considerable Victory neere to Gloucester And defeats tbe a^alnst.the Lord Herbert of 7?ag/awfZ, Sonne to the Earle of /Forceifer, who g^ffj'J^j;'/;^ J^j;^^''' ■ with a great Army of Welchmen lay against that Towne ; which, for the manner Gloucester, qf it, inbriefe, was thus:^ Sir William witjihis Forces, coming neere to Cirences- ter, made shew (the better to conceale his purpose) as if he intended to fall upon that Towne ; but his designe was for Gloucester, and he had taken such provi- dent care, that the: men in Gloucester had notice of this purpose ; and that with the help of his flat-bottomed Barges, which thence were brought to him in the nature of "Vyagggns (useful both by land and water) he would transport his Forces over the 5^iver Severne, beyond Gloucester, and fall upon the Reare of the Lord , Herbert's Welch Forces, when he was least feared or expected ; withal, he gave notice to the Gloucester Forces to fall upon the Front of that Army, as he "would upon their Reare. The Plot, as it was wisely contrived, was successeful in the event, and tooke so good effect for him, that, when the Lord Herbert was in skirmish with the Forces of Gloucester, and confident to cut them all off, being very few in comparison of his owne ; Sir William with his Army, neere Highnam, their Quarter, fell suddenly upon the Reare of the Lord Herbert's men, with such fury, that they were all routed, and woiild gladly have fled, if they had knowne any way to escape. There were slaine of that Welch Army about .^PO upon the place, neere a thousand taken Prisoners, with all their Arms and Ammu- nition, and the rest wholly dispersed and scattered : the Lord Herbert himselfe ^scaped by flight, and got to Oxford. Sir William Waller, aftef thig great Victory, marched from thence to He then takes Tewkesbury; at whose approach, thQse of the King's Couldiers, that were Gar- '^'^"''^^^'^"''y ; ' i;isoned there, fled-away, and left it. to him; from whence marching further into the (Jountry, he sijrprized divers straggling Troopers of the other side, with some Armes, Pistols, and Carbines, together with sixteene thousand pounds in Money, and carried-away his booty to Glpucester. ' Within as short a distance of time, he tooke Chepstow in Monmouthshire, and And Chepstow; seized upon divers of those that were Conspirators for the betraying of Bristol ( of which Treason I have spoken before) and who, upon the discovery of it, had fled from thence. At that place he tooke a Ship called the Dragon of Bristol, and great store of wealth in her, belonging to those who were his Enemies j which he seized, as a just booty, and much to his advantage. And Monmouth, From Chepstow he marched with a swift pace to Monmouth; the Towne, upon and raises fresh (composition, was soone rendered to him ; from whence, after he had put a Garrison Parit^ejl**^ 2 D 2 . Jjjjg 204 THE HISTORY OF THE into it, he marched to Uske, and summoned the Country ; where divers Forces came-in to him ; among others Sir Wflliam Moiigan's Sonne, of Tredegan, brought him five hundred armed men, and some Money ; where also Master Herbert of Colebroohe raised a thousand men, and seized on Abergaine for the Parliament. Sir William Waller, in this high career of his fortune, was comraanded- back from the West by the Lord-General Essex, to come to the chiefe Army : Which being soone understood among those of the King's Army, he was way-lay- And returns to ed by Pvince Maurice. The intention of Sir William WALLER^was to get to Gloucester. Gloucester with his Forces ; having therefore sent-awayhis Ordnance and Baggage, with his Foot to guard it over IVye to Aust ; himselfe with his Horse and Dra- goones, resolved to fall upon Prince Mau-r ice's Army, and force a passage thorow j which he did with great successe, and small losse ; and, as he marched afterward, cut-dOwn all the Bridges behinde him; whereby he hindered Prince Maurice from marching after him. This course, if the Prince had taken before him, Sir William Waller might have been kept in Wales to his great disadvantage. But, by that meanes of cutting-down the Bridges, Prince Maurice's pursuit being hindered, Sir William Wallek, by assistance of the Governour Massey, re- gained many Townes possessed by the Ring's Forces, especially Tewkesbury, Sir Matthew Carew being fled from thence. But there he took many Prisoners, much Armes and Riches j he placed a Garrison there ; and from thence, accord- ing to his first designe, arrived safe at the City of Gloucester. He then takes Here- Sir VVilliam Waller continued not long at Gloucester, but (being now dis- ford, and makes pensed-with for returning to the Lord-General) according to his usual celerity, he qualfty^^ere^iis flewto Hereford, before any feare, or expectation, of his coming. He tooke that prisoners. 'J'owne upon Quarter, and in it many Prisoners of great ranke and quality, among whom was the Lord Scudmore, with five revolted Members of the House of Commons, viz. The Lord Scudmore's Sonne, Colonel Herbert Price, Sir Richard Cave, Lieutenant-Colonel Conisby, Master Conisby, and besides them. Sir Walter Pye, Sir William Crofts, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Price, Serjeant-Major Mintridge, Sir Samuel Amby, Serjeant-Major Dal- TON, Captaine Somerset, Captaine Sclater, Doctor Rogers, Doctor Good- win, Doctor Evans, and divers others ; who were all carried-away to Gloucester. And soon after takes Within three 'daies after that service^ he surprised the Towne of Leinster in that Leiiister. County, twelve miles distant from Hereford, where he tooke good prize, disarmed many of the King's Party there, and placed a Garrison in the Towne. It was feared at that time by those of the King's side, that Sir William Wal- ler, going-on in so prosperous a way, might, perchance, surprize Worcester and Ludlow. To prevent therefore his further proceedings. Prince Maurice, with a good strength of Horse, was sent from Oxford, with whom also the Mafquesse of Hartford was joyned, to fall upon him. But Sir William, scowring the Countries thereabouts with his active Forces, and having disarmed many of the other side in Wilts and Somersetshire, came to Bath with an Army much eacreased of late both in PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. • 205 in number and reputation ; at which place Sir Edward Hungerford, Sir John He then marches to Horner, and Master Strode, joyned with him to oppose Prince Maurice and ^^* ^'"^ ^'^ '*'"?>'• the Marquesse Hart/ord. About that part of the Country were frequent and fierce vantages over the encounters, which lasted for a long time, and many retreats with great skill and '''^■ns's troops. courage were made on both sides, when night parted the fury of their fights. But Sir William Waller proved for, the most part victorious (whose particular actions there deserve a more peculiar relation) and at last became Master of the field, chasing his Enemies so farre as a Towne called the Devizes, to which place he followed and besieged them. The losses in all those several encounters were very uncertaine, and variously reported, by reason that both Parties had many times liberty to bury their dead ; but on the ParHament-side were lost one Major, one Lieutenant, and two Cornets. Sir Arthur Haslerig was there wounded ; but the danger was not very great. On the other side^ besides the uncertaine number of Common Souldiers, some of quality were slaine, among whom was Sir Bevile Greenvile, Lieutenant-Colonel Ward, Major Lowre, with five or six Captains. Sir Ralph HoPTON,the£arIe of Carnarvan^ and the Lord Mohun', were reported to be wounded. Sir Ralph Hopton was besieged in the Devizes by Sir William Waller, and began to treat about the surrender of it ; for Prince Maurice and the Mar- quesse of Hartford were retired toward Oxford, where suddenly the fortune of warre changed, and Sir William Waller's Army, by an unexpected party of fresh Forces, which came from Oxford (for the Lord-General Essex's Army was gyt ^^ j^j jj (jg^^^t. so- much wasted by sicknesse, and other distresses, that he could not at all straiten ed by a fresh army Oxford, nor hinder any Forces from issuing thence) under the conduct of the Lord f"' against him* WiLMOT, was utterly defeated, scattered, and ruined, as was before mentioned, the comm°a'rd of the He himselfej for security at the present, retired into the City of Bristol ; from which, Lord Wilmot. within a few dales, he rode, accompanied with some Gentlemen, toward Zo?2(^on, and was there received with great affection, and many promises of their best endeavour to set him forth with another Army. The King's Forces seemed now to have done the greatest part of their worke, being in a manner sole Masters of the West, and most Northerne Counties of England, and having ruined the Lord Fairfax and Sir William Waller's Armies. Yet in all Counties the fortune was not .alike ; in many places those Gentlemei; which adhered to the Parliament were able, not onely to guard them- selves, but to get ground upon their enemies, though those actions were for the most ,part performed in skirmishes betweene small parties, in preserving their owne strengths, or taking Towns from the other side, such as had been in Cheshire^ Lancashire, Staffordshire, Derby, Leicester, Nottingham, znA other places, whicli I shall briefly touch anon, after I have related in how contrary a condition to the North and West, (which had beene the seat of a fierce warre, and a prey to the greatest and most potent Armies of either side ; ) and how much happier than those other Counties, (which had been alwayes molested with Alarms and Skirmishes, Of the quiet and and suffered by pillaging on both Parties :), the Easterne Counties of Eneland had happy state of the "' ' " ° ' " • J Eastern Counties of remained England at this time. 206 THE HISTORY' OF THF/ remained all the foregoing Winter, and continued so during- tBe whole progresse of this bloody Warre; which were the Counties of Siiffblhe, Norfolke, Cambridge, Essex, Hartford, Huntingdon, &?c. who never were made the seat of any part of this civil Warre. These parts of the Kingdome had joyned themselves in an As- sociation by Authority of Parliament, with power to defend each, other, and levy Forces against all enemies to that cause ; this great happinesse of peace and quiet that they enjoyed, may be supposed to flow from the unanimity of their affections, which carried them all the same way ; and true it is, that there was as much una- nimity of opinion and affection in those Counties among the people in general, as was to be found in aaiy part of England; but it was especially among the common people : for a great and considerable number of the Gentry, and those of highest ranks among them, were disaffected to the Parliament, and were not sparing in their utmost endeavours to promote the Kjng's Cause, and assist his Force against it ; which might have throwne those Countries (if not wholly carried them to the other side) into as much distraction, and sad calamity, as any other part of the Land had felt ; nor could that Association have been possibly made, if those Gen- tlemen had not been curbed and suppressed.by that timely care which the Parlia- ment tooke, and more particularly by the successeful services of one Gentleman, Of Oliver Cromwell. Master Oliver Cromwell, of Huntington, a Member of the House of Cominons ; whose wisdome, valour, and vigilancy, was no lesse available in this important businesse, than remarkable afterwards in the highest services^ and greatest battels, of the wholfe Warre. Of this man's Actions (because it pleased God to raise him afterward into the greatest commands, and prosper in so high a measure all hi? undertakings^ that he became within few yeares one of the chiefe props, on which the Parliament leaned, and greatest scourges of the other side) let it not seeme amisse if I discourse in a continued Series, during those Moneths that intervened between the 'RdXtel oi'Keynton and that low ebbe of the Parliament which preceeded the siege of Gloucester. fJis sreat services to The first Action that Cromwell undertooke, was to secure, the Towne oi the JIar'f642"*' ^" ^^'^^^^^ge for the Parliament, about the middle of January. Universities were», of all places, most apt to adhere to tlve King's Party, esteeming Parliaroenls, and especially this Parliament, to be the greatest, depressors of that Ecclesiastical Dignity, in hope of which they are there nurtured. ' Upon which reason they were packing-up a large quantity of the Plate that be- longed to all the CoUedges, to. send it away, to the King ; which would have made a considerable summe. This was foreseene by Cromwell ; who, by a Commission from the Parliament and Lord-General Essex, had raised a Troope of Horse, and came-downe into that Country, with authority to raise more Forces, as occasion served ; he came to Cambridge soone enough to seize uipan that plate, which was going to Oxford ; but, before his arrival there, he performed, by the way, another service : Sir Thomas Conesby, lately made High-Sheriffe of Hartfordshire, had received a Proclamation from the King, to proclaime the Earl of Essex, and all his adherents, Traytors j and was then at St. Albans, upon a Market-day, pro- claiming PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 207 claiming of the same ; when Cromwell, with his Trooper seized-upon him, and sent him up to the Parliament. Not long after this service, he collected in convenient time the Forces of that County, and invited the neighbour Counties of Essex, Stiffhlke, and Korfolke, to their assistance, against an invasion of the Lord Capel, who should have been se- conded by Prince Rupert also, to invade that place, and hinder the Association ; which would have been done, if that timely prevention had not been used. This made them forbeare their intended invasion, and retire to other parts. About the beginning of March Cromwell, having raised a Regiment of Horse, consisting of 1000 men, marched into Suff'olke with much celerity, upon intelligence of a great and considerable confederacy held among those Gentlemen which adhered to the King's Party, at a Towne in that County called Lowerstost, a place of great consequence : He surprized them unawares, gained the Towne vi^ith small difEculty, and no shot at all. In which he tooke Prisoners, Sir Thomas Barker, and his Brother Sir John Plttus, Master Thomas Knevet, two of the Catlines, Captaine Hammond, Master Corey, Master Turrill, Master Preston, and about, 20 others of quality and substance. In that Towne he gained good store of Ammunition, Saddles, Pistols, Powder, Shot, and several Engines for Warre, enough to have served a Considerable Force. And certaine it was, that, if CnoM- WELL had not surprized them in that nick of time, it had proved a matter of great danger to the County ; for, within one day after, as many more Knights and Gen- tlemen, that v/ere listed before, would have met at the same place. This was a timely service to the Parliament, and a great discouragement to all that Party in Sieffblke and Norfolke, which adhered to the King's side. But, when the Spring' gi-ew further on, and it was seasonable to make longer Marches, about the beginning of ^pril, Cromwell, having well-settled the busi- rfesseS of those Associated Counties, for the Parliament's use, and not confining bis care and services within those parts onely, raised a greater Force, of such as came freely arfd heartily in to join them ; with_whom he marched along towards Lin- cohres'hirej ^-ith purpose to assist those of his side, that warred against Neivarhe. Keiuarhe was one of the strongest Garrisons, which was then held on the King's side, replenished with many Gentlemen of Lincolneshire, and other Shires, and some expert Souldiers, who enforced large Contributions from the adjacent Country, and made rodes often times even to the Walls of Lincolne. Colonel Cromwell, . in his March thither, as he passed thorow the County of Huntingdon, disarmed many that were ill-affected to the Parliament, and increased by that meanes his strength so farre, that he was growne above two»thousand strong : and before he came to Newarhe, receiving an addition of Horse from Captaine Hotham, he also joyned with some Forces of Lincolneshire. At his first approach neere to Neiuarke, it was his fortune to performe a good service for his side 5 for, when Captaine Wray, with his Lincolneshire Horse, had t6o rashly quartered within a little of that Tov/n, he was set-upon in the night-time by a strong Party from the Towne j where,- after some little- bickering, -not being able io resist so greata number, he was 20S THE HISTORY OF THE was surprized with his whole Troope ; but the Alarum coming to Cromwell, he advanced, and at ten o'clock at night fell upon the Newarkers, rescued Captaine Wkay's Troope, and tooke three Troops of theirs, with the slaughter of many of them. After this, when he sate-down before the Town, he was so vigilant upon all Sallyes that were made-out, and so successeful, that he tooke many men and Colours at several times ; and, with his Horse, watching all occasions, he once defeated a strong Party of the Newarkers, near to Grantham, -where the odds of number was so great on their side, that it seemed almost a miraculous Victory. At another time he fell upon a Party of the Earle of Newcastle's Army sent to- ward Newarke, and quartering betweene that Towne and Grantham ; of whom he slew many, tooke an hundred Horse, and forty Prisoners. Such things as these were the beginnings of Cromwell, at his first entrance into the Souldiery ; those that must be called his deeds, were in the following yeares of this unhappy Warre, and will require a larger and more full expression. In those other Counties which were named before this Discourse of the Associa- tion, the fortune of Warre, during the aforesaid Moneths, had been very various, and daily contestations happened, being for the most part betwixt small Parties, Of Sir William and in besieging, taking, and re-taking of Townes and Forts. In Cheshire Sir fhTre!'°°' '" ^^^ William Brereton, (a wise and vigilant man, who, from the beginning of these troubles, had taken charge of that County, serving in Parliament as Knight thereof,) had so well acted his part against the Earle of Darby (made by the King Lord- Lieutenant of that County, as well as of Lancashire') that he was the chiefe instru- ment of delivering Cheshire out of his hands, and preserving it for the Parliament, though the greater part of the Gentry there adhered to the King : But it pleased God to give many Victories to- Sir William Brereton against them. He obtained, about the beginning of March, a great Victory against those of the King's Party at Middlewich, in Cheshire ; which Towne, after a sharp encounter in the fields before it, he finally tooke, with 500 Prisoners, whereof many were Commanders and Gentlemen of great worth ; which Vidory did much advance the Parliament's Cause in those parts. He resisted with great successe the Lord Cholmely, and Sir Thomas Aston, two powerful men, and zealous for thte King's Party. Having settled in some measure, by extraordinary care and wisdome, his owne County for the Parliament, and raised many stout and well-armed men there, he was forward to give assistance to other parts j and advancing into Shropshire against the Lord Capell, he surprised a Towne called Dreyton, in which Sir Vikcent Corbet, a Commander of the King's side, was quartered : But Sir William Brereton, with small opposition, entered the Town, and tooke two compleat Troops of Horse, and six Companies of Dragoneers. Sir Vincent Corbet escaped by flight. He marched thence along through those Counties, and took some places of great import, as the affaires of both Parties stood at that time. Sir PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. f^Ql) Sir William went-on prosperously, and, within a short time after, tooke IVh'u- church, upon the edge of Shropshire, with great store of Armes and Ammunition, and many Prisoners of the Lord Capei/s Forces. But Sir William Brereton, when he joyned Forces with other~men, or came-in opportunely to the reliefe, or rescue, of engaged friends, performed divers great and advantageous services to the side he tooke, especially when he joyned in Action with Sir John Gell, of Derbyshire, a constant and successeful Actor for the Parliament ; of whom, by himselfe, and together with Sir William Brereton, I shall make a further mention. The County of Derby, full of Nobility and Gentry, was much swayed., even Derbyshire, from the beginning of these distractions, against the Parliament ; for scarce did any Gentleman in all that County, but Sir John Gell, appeare for it at the first, sir John Gell does He, with his brother and some of his kindred, by the help of those Freeholders goo4 service to the and Yeomen that inclmed that way, made a Party to resist those great ones, at coVntT"' " * ^^ such a time as must needs renowne his courage and constancy. And it pleased God to make him prosperous in that great and hazardous undertaking, and to carry it so during the whole Warre. After the Battel at Keynton, he tooke a Commission from the Earle of Rssen, and, with great care and cost, he provided Arms, and timely seized upon the Town of Derby ; which Town he so well fortified that it proved a sufficient defence against the assaults of potent Enemies, and a refuge, upon all occasions, to the Parliament's friends ; it was likewise, no doubt, a great encouragement to many of the neigh- bouring Counties, to stand upon their guard in the like kinde. But the Walls of Derby could not immure Sir John Gell, nor hinder him from acting his part abroad. In many Services he joyned himselfe (not without good successe) with Sir William Brereton, and with Colonel Cromwell, and marched sometimes with the Lord Grey, of Grooby, (before-mentioned, Lord- Lieutenant of those Counties) against Master Hastings, and against the Towne of Newarke. In the Moneth of February he marched with those Forces which he had, under Lord Brooke acts for the conduct of the Lord Brooke, into Staffordshire, to take-in Lickfield, which '^^^^['j^ra'^nt '» was then possessed by a Garrison of the King's side. Having entered the Towne, bruarv, ^lela'-a!" *' they found hot and sharpe resistance from a place of great strength, called the Close, or Cathedral-yard, a place famous in the succeeding Warre, as being often gained and re-gained, with the loss of much blood on either side. 2 K CHAj\ 2]0 CHAP. V. bruai7, 1642-S The Death of Lord BrooKe. Sir John Gell suc- ceeds to the com- mand, and tates'the Close The Death of the Lord Brooke, «wfl? of the Earle of Northampton. A short vfiention of some Actions in divers Counties, The low condition of the Parlictment at that time. The -siege of Gloucester. The Siege of Lich-^ W HiLE the Parliament-Army continued at the siege oi LicJ^ekl- Close,, their field-Close, in Fe- General^ the Lord Buooke, as he looked-out of a window, was unfortunately' sjiot into the head, and dyed immediately ; a man as miich lamented' by the Parliament as any that ever fell on that side, and as much honoured for his Piety, Valour, and Fidehty. After his death,. Sir John Gell sucdfeeded in that Command^ and, about the beginning of March, took the Close, with very little losse of blood, though they had their Mines ready prepared to blow-up the Walls of the Close, and' had throwne Grenadoes into it ; which made the besieged cry-out for Quarter^ which they obtained ; for the Souldiers thought it not honourable (being in cold blood) to revenge their General's death, by putting them to the Sword. But they tooke a good and rich booty of Money, Bagge, and Baggage, about a thousand Armes, and very considerable Prisoners, liie Earle of Chesterfield, with- his Sonne, 'and divers other Gentlemen of Ranke. About tise middle of that MarcA, Sir John Gell, with an Army of fifteene hundred Horse and Foot, advanced from Lichfield toward the Towne of Stafford; where it was his fortune to meet with the Earle of Northampton and his Forces, consisting of about twelve hundred Horse, at a place -called Cranock-Gfeen, or Salt-Heath, almost foure miles from Stafford : The Earle gave a btave and furious Charge upon them, and, being stronger in Horse, made Sir John Geli/s Horse ito retreat in disorder at this first Charge ; in which he took divers of them Pri- soners, and surprised two Drakes. After that, he wheeled twice about their Foot, seeking his best advantage where to breake them : But Sir John Gell, and his Commanders, did so well order their Battalia, that the jFoot kept unbroken, and made good the field againe togeth'^r-with their' Horse, and re-saluted their hot Assailants, fighting Pell-mell for a long time. TheDeathoftiieEarl ^^ this fierce encounter the Earle of Northampton, himselfe, was slaine in the of Northainpiion. pJace, and One Master Lucy and Captane.BACOT, with many more, about whose number ..And fe; March, 1642-3,. obtains a victory at Salt- Heath. TliE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 211 number relations did not agree ; a Cornet of the King's also was here slaine, and , his Colours taken, having on it a Crowne, and this Inscription, Carolus Rex. Two other Cornets were there taktXi, of which one was the Prince's ; for the King's and the Prince's Troops were both there. They tooke Prisoners one of the Earle of" Chesterfield's younger Sons ; and Sir John Gell, by the tiniely coming-in of- Sir William Breketon to his assistance, befoj-e the fight' was ended, obtained a great Victory, and drove his Enemies, quite out of the field. Among the rest. Master Hastings (as was then reported) having been once taken Prisoner, and rescued, fled-away wounded. Thus it fell-out, that these two Peeres, the Earle of Northampton, and the Lord Brooke, who, first, of ali thp Nobility, at the breaking-out of this Civil Distraction, had personally contested in one County, about the Parliament's Ordi- nance of the Militia and the King's Commission of Array, within a small distance both of place and time, ended their dales by this unhappy Warre. They were both much lamented by their owne Parties, both men of wonh and courage, thpugh much different in the manner of their lives and conversations. As Cheshire, (though a County where many Papists inhabited,) was, by the suc- cesseful care of Sir William Brereton and other Gentlemen, kept from de- serting the Parliament, and able to resist the Earleof Z)erZ)y, the King's Lieutenant there : So, her sister, Lancashire, (that was more full of Papists and more fiercely Success of the Par- assaulted by that Earle, ipider the same authority, being the place of his chiefe I'^n^^"' .P^'''y '" residence and power,) was able, not only to resist him, but finally beat him out of the Country, by the courage and industry of divers Protestant Gentlemen of that Shire ; of whom I have named many in the preceedent Book. But it is fit to give a, little touch of the chiefe actions. The Pairliaijient, in the midst of winter,, when that County was in the greatest djstractioi?, had sent-down Sir John Seaton, a Scottish Knight, (an experienced , and stout Commander,) as Major-Qeneral of the Forces in that Shire, that he might direct the unskilful valour of that people ; though many of those Gentle- men had done great services before, as appeared at Manchester, and some other places. One of his exploits was at Preston : Sir John Seaton, having settled himselfe Sir John Seaton, :. at Marichester, marched from thence, about the beginning of February, toward takerPreston. '^^'^' Preston, with Major-General Sparrow^ Colonel Holland, Captain Booth, S|erjeant-Major Birch, Master Nowell of Mearhley, and some others, with about ten Companies and almost two thousand Clubmen, to take-in Preston, a Town well-fortified, and very stoutly defended. But it was so furiously assaulted (Captaine Booth, in person, first scaling the Walls) by the Parliament-Forces, that, after two houres of extreme hot fighting, the Parliament-Forces were Masters of it : The Town was taken with small losse on the assailant side, which was won- derful ; not one Officer, and not above seven or eight Common Souldiers. On the other side many fell; the Mayor of the Town, Adam Morte, with his Sonne; and Sir Gilbert Houghton's Brother, a Captaine of Horse ; with divers 9thers of (][uality ; Sir Gilbert, himselfe, fled to Wigham. They tooke two 2 E 2 hundred 212 THE HISTORY OF THE easier, 3!ui the castle near it ; AnJ Wiggon, hundred Prisoners, whereof many were Gentlemen of good ranke in the Country: They tooke three Pieces of Ordnance, many Muskets, and other Armes, with two or three Colours. The taking of this 'Town was of great consequence, both to- ward the maintenance of the Parliament-Forces, and also to stop the passage from Newcastle to Chester and Shrewsbury. They also take Lan- Shortly after, Serjeant-Major Birch was sent from Preston to Lancaster-ToMme-, who, without any great opposition, (for he came suddenly and unexpected) soone entered the Towne with his whole Company ; arid, being entered, the Townesmen assisted him very freely to winne the Castle there ; which he tooke into his pos- session for the Parliament. Wiggon also, in Lancashire, was takien-in, with great store df Armes -and Pri- soners, by Sir John SfiATON, with those Gentlemen that followed him, together with the Townesmen of Mdnchesier, and other Clubmen of the Country, whom they had gotten together. The Earle of Derby desisted not from his endeavours to reduce that Country-; but marched with a considerable strength to take-in Whahy ; which he had almost accomplished, but was, notwithstanding, repelled from thence by the Forces of the Country. The same Earle had likewise possessed himselfe of Warrington, a considerable Towne in Lancashire ; and left a Garrison in it ; but, at the beginning of June, that Towne was regained by the Forces of 3Ianckester, with eight Pieces of Ord. nance, and five or six hundred Prisoners : by which all Lancashite seemed to be reduced to the obedience of the Parliament, scarce any place of tonsiderable strength being left in the power of the Earle of Derby, The Lord Gray, of Grooby, had been long" possessed of Leicester, as the chiefe-quarter where he resided ; and, besides his actions at other parts about that place, with various fortunes had opposed the Forces of Master Hastings, who kept a Garrison at Ashbyde hs. zouch, and acted with great fervour and constancy for the King's Cause. Hampshire had been much distressed by both Parties; but the Kind's Garrison of Winchester, and that of Basing-House, (the dwelling,place of Marquesse Win- chester,) were there predominant, and, at their pleasure, forced Contributions from the adjacent Country. tVales was almost wholly at the King's disposal, except very few places, which, vdth much difficulty, preserved themselves for the Parlia- ment ; and some Gentlemen, who, with much hazard, continued their fidelity to that side, such as Colonel Glynn, Colonel Mitten, and Laugherne,. with other private Gentlemen. But, indeed, the Parliament was then in a low ebbe ; and before the end of that July, 1643, they had no Forces at all to keep the Field; their maine Armies (as is before touched) being quite ruined, and no hope in ap- pearance left, but to preserve a- while those Forts and Townes which they then possessed ; nor could they long hope; to preserve them, unlesse the fortune of the field should change. Thus seemed the Parliament to be quite sunke beyond any hope of recovery, and was so believed by many men. The King was possessed of all the Westerns Counties, Leicestershire. Hampshife. Wales. The Parliaiiieut- Party is in a low con- dition, in July, 1643. PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 213 Counties, from the farthest part of Cornwall, and from thence Northward, as farre as the Borders of Scotland, His Armies were full and flourishing, free to march whither they pleased, and enough to be divided for several exploits ; one part was sent to take-in Exeter, where the Earle of Stamford was shut-up, not able long to hold the place. The King in Person, with a gallant Army, designed his March towards Gloucester, the onely considerable Towne in those parts, which the Parliament held. What the King's Party conceived then of the other side, was expressed in many Wri- tings ; one of which, in the nature of a jeering Epigram, was made at Oxford, and is, I thinkj worthy to be here inserted, on account of the strong expressions it contains of the low Condition of the Parliaihent at that time. The thing is written in an odde manner, and the names of the Parliament-Commanders, Fairfax and Waller, are expressed by a rehus way of Latine, as likewise those of the King's side, the Mar- -quesse of Hartford, and the Earle oi Newcastle. I leave it to the Reader without either Translation or Comment. Extincta Castro Fax /lulchra novo est ; Nee Nauta postea nee militi Sit nota Pharos ; Auster disparem Haud tulit casum: Murus, eui addita est ■Canina litiera, mersa est, suis Cum turmis, nuper, Leporis vado. Euri Bapvq'ovei Bristonia Leporinos horrescens vortices. Angliea Claudii timet pares Urbi easus ; Herois Teutonici Myrmidones astant magna cum Duce. Pacata Thule est ; nee Noto timor Popello aut Regi. Nihil relic turn est Britannicum domare Ccesarem Ni vio^.a.ivoit.ivii preces Gregis. Hac Sphinges raptim Oedipo sua *. yulii 20, 1 643. "* In the first line of this Epigram the two words Fat pulchra^iiemieih^ -Lord Fairfax, and his son Sir Thomas Fairfax, and the troops under their command ; and the words Castro novo denote the Earl of Newcastle and his army. In'the fourth and fifth lines the words Murus, cut addiia est Canina Litiera, denote Sir William Waller, or Wall-er, and his army ; and in the sixth line the words Leporis vado denote the Marquis of Hertford, or Hartford, or Harford, or Hareford, or Haris-ford, and his army, which had lately defeated Sir William Waller's army. In the ninth and tenth lines the words Claudii urlis denote the city of Gloucester, which is sometimes in Latin called Claudii castra. In the tenth line the words Herais Teutonici seem to denote Prince Rupert, the German-Hero, who had lately taken the city of Bristol, and who was coming with the great army of the King, with the King himself at the head of it, cum magna Duce, to lay siege to Gloucester. In the eleventh line the words Pacata Thule est, mean that Scotland is in a state of Peace, and occasions no fright, or alarm, to the neighbouring Southern Kingdom of England, or to it's peojrfe, or it's King, nee Noto timor, popello aut regi. And the twelfth line seems to mean that the only enemy that threatens the King's cause with ruin is the prayers of the Puritan faction at London, who have lately run mad with religious zeal and euthueiasm. The Editor of this Second Edition. London 'iU THE HISTORY OF THE London was then altogether unfortified, no "^Vorks were raised ; nor could they, if their Enemies, (who were thenMastersof the field,) hadcomeuponthem^have opposed any Wails, but such as old Spakta used for their Guard, the hearts of courageous. Iiitrenchmeuts are Citizens. Eut at that time London began her large intrenchment ; which encom- made round London , , , ^. , , , P ^ , , ° -j ^ • • i. and its Suburbs, in passed not onely the City, but the whole Suburbs on every side, containing about August, 1643. ' twelve miles in circuit. That great work was by many hands compleated in a short time, it being then a custome every day to go-out by thousands to digge, all Professions, Trades, and Occupations, taldng their turries ; and not onely inferiour Tradesmen, but Gentlemen of the best quality, Knights, and Ladies themselves^ for the encouragement of others, resorted, daily to the Workes, not as spectators but assisters in it ; carrying, themselves. Spades, MattokSj and other instruments of digging, so that it became a pleasing sight at London, to see them going-out in such order and numbers, with Drums beating before them ; and put life into the droop- ing people (being taken for an happy Omen) that, in so low a condition, they seemei. not to despaire. But bootlesse, in probability, had that labour proved, and not timely enough to save London, if the King had marched thither instead of laying siege to Gloucester. But that storme of Fortune was strong enough to shake-off divers of the loose, leaves, that seemed to grow on the Parliament- side, and unsettle the resolutions of ^Ia"y Members of such as were not enough rooted in that Cause which they had chosen : For divers lianient°dete r" th^' ™^^ °^ great quality, and Members of both Houses, some Lords, and many of Parliament, aud go- the Commons, did at that time desert the P'arliament, and fly to Oxford: Whose ovCT to the Kings names (though the Lords were named, who first deserted it) are here spared, because this latter result must needs carry the face of a crime ; as being no matter of opinion or conscience^ by, which the first justified themselves ; but proceeding, in all probability,, from weaknesse, and feare for their private fortunes. They there- fore lost much of their esteane on both sides ; becoming like a foile to set-off the constancy of those few Members who durst yet continue th|^r,e, and remaine firm to their first Principles and the Publike Interest ; wading thorow more diiEculties and dangers than any former Parliament had been enforced to do. But in the Parliament itselfe there appeared no show of despaire, as they obser- TBe City of London ved who were then witnesses of their proceedings; and the City of London expres- eo™ra°lous"^*^"^ ^'^ ^^^ much forwardnesse and alacrity in recruiting the Lord-General Essex both with their persons and purses ; besides their great endeavour to raise another Army for Sir William Waller, to be as a Reserve to the other, upon the great occasion then in hand. The Earl of Man- TheEarle of Manchester, to his lasting Honour, chose that very time to begin tery Comntigfion"" ^^^ Martial employment; and, raising Forces thorow the Easterne Associated under the ParJia- Counties (of which he was then made General by the Parliament, those Counties. ""*"'' having been before prepared for that Association, by the wisdom and activity of the forementioned Colonel CRoi^tWELL) performed, that yeare and the next, great services for the Parliament. While the Parliament and City of London were thus busied in recruiting their decayed Armies, Gloucester began to be nvade the chiefe Scene, on which this Civil PARtlAMENT OF ENGLAND. 215 Civil Tragedy was acted, and place of great concernment in the Kingdome/where the first turne of Fortune grew. The City of Gloucester was then governed by Colonel Edward Massey, a man of excellent skill to defend it ; of such a courage. Of Colonel Massey, as no threats of a powerful Enemy could shake ; and such a fidelity, as no pro-. Gjo^es^e""""^ °^ raises of a King could overcome. This Masset was brought to Gloucester by the Earle of Stamford, under whom he had served as Lieutenant-Colonel, and, by deputation from that Earle, had, for many Moneths, governed that City. Now there was no more expectation of the Earl's returne thither ; and therefore Massey, as the fittest man, by consent both of Citizens and Souldiers, was ap- pointed Governour, and made a Colonel by Commission from the General. The surrender of Bristol to the King's Forces (which was more sudden than could be feareH, and for which afterward the Governour Master Fiennes was -questioned, and condemned by a Council of Warre) must needs strike a great terrour and-sad amazement into Gloucester, which now seemed to stand forlorne, and without hope of any rescuCj in the midst of a large Country, possessed by their victorious Enemies. It cannot be denyed, that the resolution which this City had taken-up, of re- The Cifizens of - sisting the King at such a time was very admirable, if a man consider the small Gloucester resolve strength they had vvithin ; the many discouragements round about them ; the great fo,. t^he"l'ajliarac'nt, distanceof any aid that could be sent to them. Their strength within was' very small; notwithstanding the whole number of Souldiers, Horse, Foot, and Dragoones, together with' the ™^"- '^'**'^^'^"''^S"' Trayned-Bandsj and those Horse and Dragoones, which on a sudden they got from Barclay Castle, consisting of few more than fifteene hundred ; forty Barrels of Powdex was all their store, with a very meane and slender Artillery -for such a Service : The Works were of a vast compasse, and little more thanhalfe perfected, when this rough storme did first threaten them. The whole Country round about them, instead of encouraging this resolution of theirs, did rather endeavour to shake and weaken it, by intimations of the danger, and, perswasions to make Peace with such an Enemy : For they had revolted from the Parliament, or resolved so to do ; and wished^ for their owne private Interests, that the King were quietly possessed of that City ; for they conceived (not without reason) that the standing-out of Gloucester would " be unhappy for that Country j because by the falling-do wne of a great Army, they could not but expect a de- struction of their' Corne, Cattle, and all other Provisions ; and at the last, if it should so fall-out, that the King should faile of taking-in that Towne, they must be enforced to stoope perpetually under two burdens, and be cast into a sad con- dition of poverty and misery. Whereas, if that Army did prevaile, they were sure to rest in the heart of the King's Country, farre from spoile and plunder, and, for an easie Contribution, enjoy free and ample Trade. The succour which the City could expect, was as farre off as London ; and in what condition the Parliament- Armies then were, is befoi-e related. Notwith- standing all this, the Citizens of Gloucester, together with examining what strength they had, examined also the grounds of their perseverance, A Commoa-Gouncil was 216 THE HISTORY OF THE was held, where the OfEcers of the Souldiery were present ; their late Protestation was called to remembrance, and read there j by which they were all obliged, never to act or comply with the adverse Faction. Upon which consideration they height- ened their courages, and unanimously resolved to refuse the tender of peace. Private cares were then forgotten, and not onely men, but women, and children, acted their parts, in making-up those defects that were in the Fortifications. In this condition stood Gloucester, when the King in Person, attended with a great and gallant Army, full of the flower of English Nobility and Gentry, was come to besiege it, being the tenth of August, 1643. Part of the King's Forces, some dales before, had been discerned hovering on the top of the hills ; and a Summons had been sent from Prince Rupert to the City : To which the Mayor gave answer. That he kept the Towne for His Ma- jestie's behoofe, and could not render it. Which Answer, though laughed-at by those of the Army, the Mayor conceived very justifiable, and that he did truly hold it for the use of His Majesty, biat according to the sense of both Houses of Par- liament. The King was full of indignation, that such a forlorne City should stand-out- against him ; yet he desired to gaine it without blood, and losse of time, which seemed then pretious in his full career of Victory. To that purpose he came in Person before it, that the reverence, or terrour, of his presence might prevaile with them ; and, being come before the City, he gave this honourable Summons by two Heraulds of Armes. The King, at the ChARLES ReX.' summons the City Out of our tender compaiston to our City of Glouccstctj and' that it may, ''l^Ae^'^Au^^stw' '^°^ ^^'^^^'^^ J^^^j"^^^^ h our Army, which we cannot prevent, ifwebecom- 1543. ' " ' pelledta assault it : We are J^ersonaUy come before it, to require the same, and are gratiously pleased to let all the Inhabitants of, and all other persons within, that City, aS'Well Souldiers as others, know. That, if they shall im- mediately submit themselves, and deliver this City to us, we are contented freely and absolutely to pardon every one of them without exception ; and do assure them in the word of a King, That they, nor any of them, shall receive the least dammage or prejudice by our Army, in their Persons or Estates : But that we will appoint such a Governour, and a moderate Garrison, to reside there ^ as shall be both for the ease and security of that City, and the whole Country. But, if they shall neglect this offer of Grace and Favour, and compel us by the /lower of our Army to reduce that place (which, by the help of God, we shall easily and shortly be able to do) they must thank themselves for all the calamities and miseries which shall befall them. To this Messqge we expect a clear e and positive Answer, within PWQ houres after the publishing hereof; and by these Presents do give leave to PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. m io any persons safely to repaire to, and returne from, us, whom that City shall desire to employ unto us in that businesse. And we do require all the Officers and Souldiers of our Army^ quietly to suffer them to passe accord- ingly. After some debate upon this Message, an Answer was drawne-up and consented- unto, both by the Citizens and the Souldiers j which was presented to the King by Serjeant-Major Pudsey and a Citizen ; as followeth : , We, the Inhabitants, Magistrates, Officers, and Souldiers. within this The Answer to tht Garrison o/" Gloucester, unto his Majestie's Gracious Message returne ^^/^ ^^'^ Summons. humble Answer, That we do keefie this City, according to our Oath and Allegiance, to and for the use of his Majesty and his Roy all Posterity i and do accordingly conceive ourselves wholly bound to obey the Commands of His Majesty signified by both Houses of Parliament ; and are resolved^ by God's helpe, to keepe this City accordingly. The King received this Answer to his Summons, without any expression of choller or indignation, seeming onely to wonder at their great confidence, and from what hope of reKefe it should proceed, using these words before the Mes- sengers, Waller is extinct, and Essex cannot come. But by this time the King's The King besiegea Army was drawne into the fields about Gloucester, Prince Rupert and General ter^ A Jgust io°i64& Riven facing it on one side with about six thousand Horse and Foot, and two thousand Horse on the other ; and immediately after this Answer, advanced for- ward into the Suburbs, on the East side of the City ; but were there entertained with an hot Skirmish, and fired-out. For, upon the returne of the Messengers, the Suburbs were set-on fire, and, flaming round-about, became an object of great ter- rour ; by which the Citizens seemed more engaged to pursue their resolution j and the King's Army to settle themselves for gaining by force what they perceived would not be yeelded on other termes. That very night the King's Army began their Intrenchments within Musket-shot of the Walls, on two sides of the City, taking advantage, for their security, of th«. shadow and shelter of some few Houses which the flames had not catched. Which being perceived, the Musketeers plyed them from the Walls, but could do little hurt so against the Pyoneers ; which caused the besieged to make several Sallyes by small Parties into those .Trenches, and at some places b?at them out, gaining both Armes and Prisoners, and retreating safe. Sir William Vavasor had advanced with his Welch Forces on the West sidCj and made neere approach that way, intending to joyne with other Forces that came from Worcester, and had drawne themselves together on the North- West side. Oa the South side General Riven placed his Leaguer, taking advantage of a rising ground in the midst, to shelter himselfe from the shot of the besieged. Sir Jacob 2 F . ASTfcFA', si's THE HISTORY OF THE AsHLEYj who in the first Skirmishes had received a wound, was quartered with It strong Brigade at the East side of the City. , Thus was Gloucester on all sides blocked-up, and nothing expected but a most furious and bloody businesse. The King's Commanders, being many of them Gentlemen of great skill and experience of Conduct, had made their approaches (by the confession of all) with as much advantage as could be ; and jflaced their Batteries accordingly; the Souldiers on that side had shewed themselves very swift and indefatigable in their Intrenchraents, and as bold in ill attempts which they made upon the Towne. Nor were the besieged behind-hand in courage, patience and activity; as appeared, not onelyin their defences, but in their frequent Sailyes ; the Governour Massey being admired by his Enemies, for the great skill and dexte- rity which he shewed upon all occasions : Of which I shall discourse the more particularly and at large, by reason of the great importance of this famous Siege ; the condition of the whole Kingdome depending so much upon the successe of it. Many strange and successefud Sailyes were made by the besieged. Three dales after the Siege was layed, an hundred and fifty Musketeers, com- manded by Captaine Gray, sallyed over the Workes, upon the WorcesterVorcis, with whom the Welch had not yet joyried, fell into their Quarters, marched-up to their Maine Guards killed a Captaine, with eight or nine Common Souldiers, tooke five Prisoners, divers Armes, burnt their Guard, 'and retreated without the losse of any. Captaine Mallery, with the like nurnber of Musketeers, withina day after, was commanded-forth, to surprize some Ordnance of their Enemies, which were suspected to lye at'a tertaine place; but, finding none, he retreated with- out losse, having killed some men, taken a few Prisoners, and fired part of their Quarters. Within a wfee'ke after, another Party of an hundred and fifty Mus- keteers, commanded by Captain Crispe, sallyed-forth, and fell into their Enemies Trenches under the Towne- Wall, marched above halfe-way thorow them, per- formed strangely, arid killed above an hundred men, (as was confessed by some of that side,) and, by the help of the Musketeers on the City- Walk, retreated safe, ' without the losse of any, only two men being wounded. The Besiegers proceeded with great skill and industry in making their Batteries, and undermining at several places ; which labour of undermining, at some places was made frustrate by water- spirfngs, and in others by the extreme hardnesse of rocky ground ; and where the ' businesse was more feasible, the skill of the Go- vernour prevented' them by countermining. Many Granadoes were shot of greit bignesse from their Morterpieces into the Town, but guided by a strange hand 6f providence into such by-places that they did very little hurt, ©ne thing is worthy the relating ; when the Welch and Worcester Forces of the King came-up, and foure Peeces of Ordnarice were drawne a good distance before the place of their Leaguer, and one of them planted for battery ; a Party of about -foure hundred Musketeers, commanded by Major Pudsey and Captaine Gray, assisted by Captaine Faulkner and Captaine Massey, sallied forth of one of the Gates; • meane while a Lieutenant; withrlifty Musketeers, was sent over the Works to give them PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 31,9 tfeem an Alarum, whilest the greater Party got behind their Cannon and Breast- Works ; fell upon their maine Guard, slew many Officers, two Cannoniers, slew, or mortally wounded, about an hundred Common 3ouldiers ; tooke a Lieutenant, •with foure more Prisoners; nay led their Cannon ; and retreated with the losse onely of two slaincj and foure taken Prisoners. Two Sallyes of, such Parties were, not long after, made, though not with the same successe altogether (by reason of some mis-guidance) yet with so much as that they retreated without any sensible losse ; and were, enough to amaze their Enemies, that such small Parties should runne-up to their head-Quarters, force their men, and be able in that manner to recover back. And it was observed by those who well understood Warre, that it was a more than ordinary providence, which did preserve and bring-off ^hose many several Parties, when the vanquishing of any one. of them must needs run the City into extreme hazard ; whose whole strength re- mained upon the Workes day and night, except the reserve of aa hundred and twenty men at the Maine-Guard. One rare and slender ranke were to receive all the storme without seconds': Yet it 'was the opinion of the best Souldiers, that the safety of the whole did require those frequent Sallyes, as the best remedies for so desperate a disease : Which did not onely retard their Enemies Preparations, but pyt them into an AmaSze, that the besieged should continue in such an height of resolution ; which resolution was to be kept-up by the heat of Action. And it was, the Governour's care, to keep his Enemies waking by continual Alarms, to waste and weary them. The King's Army were still preparing for a general storme, and striying in the. meane tinje t;o waste the Magazine of the Town, which, they hpped, would spone faile : th^y spent their owne store, and daily agted to the terrour of the besieged ; shooting Granadoes and Fire-balls out of their Morter-Peeces ; and from one Bat- tery which they had planted^ shot in one night above twenty fiery bullets, which flew thorow the ayre like so many falling Stars, some eighteene pound weight, others two and twenty; some of them passing thorow Stables and Hay-ricks, did, not- withstanding, by their swift naotion^ faile of kindling ; and, (which seemed ?trange,^. could not set one house on fire, Many Mines and Countermines were, eyery day,' working with great industry on both sides, the Governour Massey, striving to animate his men, and prevent the Towne's despairing, by shewing the probability of a sudden reliefe ; withal adding, that their so late yeelding would not all molli- fie the King's Army. On the other side, the King seemed loath to invite them to yeeld solemnly by publike Summons, least he should detract from the honour of his enterprize. Yet many dealt with them underhand, by advertisements of the King's displeasure, using also perswasions, and some intimations of the possibility 0/ Grace. 2 p S! pHAP« sto •**£!> don the City ' wster. CHAP. VI. The Expedition of the Lord-General EssExyor relief e of Gloucester. The great Battel of Newbury described. Preparations at Lou- VV HILEST 'G/oMc«/er was thus besieged, and the Siege so straight, that no for the reliefe of intelligence could possibly arrive at it ; the Parliament, (who, after serious consider- i-y of Glo^- ations and debates, had, for the present, resolved upon the reliefe of that City, as the onely meanes to preserve the Kingdome ; ) were as much straightened how to proceed in the businesse with that expedition which was required. To recruit an Army so much wasted as the Lord-GeneraPs was, seemed too slow for this Service ; and therefore the Trayned-Bands of London, and their Auxiliaries, must of neces- sity be made use of. Those that were well-afFected to the Parliament encouraged' each otlier to the Worke : The disaffected, on the other side, laboured in all dis- courses to breed despaire of the Atchievement ; and, to discourage the Lord-Gene- tal from marching, false reports were every day raised in London, that Gloucester was taken. The Lord-General Essex was foure- score miles off, with no pfeseiit, or visible. Army at that time ; his March lying thorow those Countries which were' already harrowed by the En^my : Insomuch that all considered, it was a question, which was the more wonderful, " that he undertooke it," or " that he did it." The Parliament was at that time so farre sunke, both in strength and reputation, and so much forsaken by those who followed fortune, that nothing but an extraordinary providence could make it againe emergent. The Cause, and very Being, of thePar- iiament, was now at stake ; by the successe onely of this Expedition, to be redeemed, or quite lost. But it pleased God, that, according to that extremity, the resolutions of men were fitted. The City- Regiments and Auxiliaries came cheerfully in, to performe the Service ; and that poore remainder of the Lord-General's old Army was with all speed recruited. An Army was likewise intended to be speedily raised' for Sir William Waller to march after, as a Reserve. But that was not so sud- denly done as the occasion required ; if it had, and Sir William could, (as was intended) have come-in with a supply at Newbury, it was the opinion of most men, that the King's side would have received an irrecoverable Defeat. On THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 221 On the 24th of August the Lord-General Esse* on Hounslow Heath, ten miles The Earl of Essex from London, mustered his men ; where almost all the Members of both Houses ^^'^^tothe reHef f of Parliament rode with him to survey the Army; and toward evening tooke leave th"&ity of gjoucm- of their General, who marched-on, and that night lodged at Colehrooh. ter,August24, i643. Upon intelligence of this Armie's advance. Prince Rupert, with the greatest part of the King's Horse, drew-off from Gloucester, to oppose their March, and take what advantages he could against it : But the ICing with his raaine Army con- tinued the Siege, resolving so to do till the last houre ; hoping that every moment might worke somewhat for his end ; either by failing of the Towne's store of Am- munition, or some other want that might happen. Neither was that hope without reason. And so much more wonderful was the fortune of that Towne, to be re- lieved at such a nick of time, when their Ammunition was sO farre consumed, that but three single Barrels of Powder were left in their Magazine. On Saturday the 26th of August 1643, the Lord-General Essex began his March from Colebroohe to Beckensfield, and so forward to Beerton, where he cloathed his Army, and marched-on. The City-Regiments and Auxiliaries joyned not with the Lord-General's Army till the first of September, when the general Rendezvouze was on Brackley Heath. But before the joyning of all their Forces, a small Party of the King's Army, consisting of 400 Horse, had faced a part of the Parliament- Army, and skirmished with them about Bicister, but soone retreated upon the approach of greater numbers. -The General taking-up his Head Quarters at Aynow, sent a Regiment to quarter that night at Deddingion under the Conduct of Colonel MiDDLETON ; who, hearing there of two Regiments of the King's Horse, sent two Companies of Dragoones and a Party of Horse, to approach the Towne. But the King's Horse retreated to a passage toward Oxford, where the Lord Wilmot was with 5Q Troops more. The next morning two Parlianient-Regiments, conducted by MiDDLETON and Sir James Ramsey, advanced to that passe; where their Enemies stood in two great Bodies, and, after 'some Skirmish, gained the passe, placing DragooneerS to maintaine it. But the King's Forces drew-up againe toward it, and were received with a very hot Skirmish, which lasted many houres, till at last the King's Forces made a retreat ; but^ perceiving that Colonel Middleton marched-back toward the maine Army (which he did by the Lord- General's Comi mand) they sent a Party of Horse to fall-on his Reare, who followed them thorow Deddington ; but were beaten-back thorow the Towne in some confusion. The losse of men in these Skirmishes was not much on either side ; neither could it certainly be knowne, but was imagined by the Parliament-side to be more on their Enemies Party than on theirs. The Lord-General with his owne Regiment of Horse, and the Lord Gray, quartering at Adderbury, upon intelligence that some of the King's Horse from Banbury were abroad, sent-out a Party from; both Regiments, who beat them in againe, and pursued them into Banbury Tovrae, whence they t joke divers Horses and Prisoners, those in the Castle not daring to stirre-out. The General marched froia 33'i THE HISTORY OF THE from thence to Chipping Norton; where some of the King's Forces appeared agsane,. but soone retreated, as they did almost every day, during the March of that Army. On the fourth of September, when the Lord- General- marched toward Stow on the Old, he sent Colonel Harvet, with his Regiment of Horse, and two Regi- ments of Foot, to advance a little before toward the right-hand, and tjie Ciiy- Regiments upon the left, under the Conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Bam>y, Ge- neral-Adjutant of the Foot. Prince Rupert appeared with about 4000 Horse, drawne-up on the Hills, facing theTarliament-Forces, and sent a strong Party of Horse into a bottome neer Stow on the Old, to encompasse Colonel Harvey's Regiments. Which being perceived, three Regiments from the Vanne of the Parliament- Army advanced to his rescue, and made that Pai;ty of the King's Forces retreat to their maine Body : Many Skirmishes there happened ; but with little losse on either side. From thence the General itiarched in the Front of his Infantry, Sir James Ramsey in the Reare, and Sir Phil ip Stapleton had the Van Guard. Whea. the King's Horse againe appeared, and were by Sir Philip Stapleton, and other?: of that Army, encountered with divers Skirmishes ; but they retreated in a great Body, and still appeared before the Parliament- Army, as they marched-on, for the space of seven miles. On the fifth of September the Lord-General advanced, and came to Presbury Hills ; where he drew-up his whole Army in view of the City of Gloucester, and discharged foure Peeces of great Ordnance, to give them notice of his approach, Soone after he might discover the King's Quarters on fire : For upon the Lord- The King abandons General's advance, they deserted the Siege, and marched-away all night. The the Siege of Glou- Reere-Guard of the Lord-General's Army, some Ordnance and Ammunition, stayed ces er, ep . , . ^^ ^.j^^ ^.^p ^£ ^^ jjjjj^ ^^ reason of the steepnesse thereof, the darknesse of the night, and the tempestuousness of the weather, whereby (besides a famine of Victuals) the whole Army had, for three dales March beforp, extremely suffered, through a Country that their Enemies had already destroyed. But the Lord-General marched from thence to Cheltenham, though., during his March, the King's Forces skir- mished with some Parts of his Army, and divers times beat-up his Quarters whilest he stayed at Cheltenham, which was two daies, till the eighth of September, The Lord-General when he marched vsdth his whole Army to Gloiccester; and was there, with great entMsTh^City*™^ expressions of joy, and much honour, received by that long-besieged,, and now- Gloucester, Sept. 8, rescued City ; The General much extolling the skilful valour and iadefatigable 1^*3. industry of Colonel Massev, and praising the patient constancy of the City ; They^ on the other side, highly honouring his Excellency for bringing them this reliefe, thorow so many difficulties, discouragements, and disadvantages ; both joyning in thanks to Ahnighty God, for his divine providence over them, and great mercy in, sending so timely a deliverance. The Lord-General lodged two nights in Gloucester, furnishing the City with Ammunition, Money, and other necessaries ; and from thence marched to T^ks^ bury, ^ARLIAMtNT OF ENGLAND. 323 '•iufy, and intended to quarter at Cheltenham. But he was advertised, that a Body of the King's Array were then in Cjre7tce5ier ( which were reported to be Prince Maurice's Forces) and had there layed-in great store of Provision for their Army. Upon that advertisement the General, (his want of Victuals and necessaries still continuing, and miserably increasing upon his whole Army,) made a long March with the Van-guard of" his Army to fall upon them; which he did about one of the He takes Cirencester clock in the sight, sending-in a Party of Horse to seize upon the Centinels and „? pfof [sUm?"and '^ Guards, whilest himselfe, with the rest of the Horse, begirt theTowne; and a makesmany priion- Forlorae hope of Foot, with his owne Foot-Regiment, entered the Towne, and ^^^' surprized two Regiments of Horse (belonging to Sir Nicholas Cri8P£, and Co- lonel Spencer) wiiich were (by the confession of some Prisoners taken,) intended for raising a Commotion in Kent. The Lord-General at that Towne of Cirencester tooke forty Loads of Victual, which, under God's providence, was the preservation of his Army, until the day that the great Battel of Newbury was fought. He tooke there likewise six Standards, all the Officers, except the two Colonels, whidh were absent, with divers other gentlemen of quality ; above 500 Common Soul- diers, and 400 Horse. The General from Cirencester, in short Marches, not above five miles a day, went to Crichlade, and to Swinden, from thence intending to passe to Hungerford. But when the Van and Body of his Army had marched almost all over Auburne- Chase, a gallant Body of the King's Horse, consisting of about 6000, approached hard to the Reere-guard of his Army ; which, not being a sufficient number to resist them, endeavoured to make an orderly retreat to the Body of their Army. But the Kipg's Horse pursued so hotly both on Reere and Flanke, that those Horse Regiments of the General's Reere-guard could not retreat but with confusion, and some losse. But, being come to the Body of the Foot, they were drawne-up againe ifito order, and faced their Enemies, until all the Foot were marched. Never- thelesse the King's Horse, againe advancing, put their Enemies the second time into the like disorder ; till some of the'General's Regiments facing-about towardsHhem, charged the Forlorne Hope of the King's Forces, consisting of 500 Horse, and put them wholly into disorder ; and then charging the two Regiments which seconded that Forlorne Hope, they routed them likewise ; but the King's Horse came-on bravely with fresh Bodies, and stopt their Enemies further pursuit. Immediately followed a brave Charge, madeby two of the Parliament's Regiments, which was encountered with as much Gallantry on the other side, so that they both retreated at one time. Another Charge was made by some Regiments of the Parliament. Army, and so answered by the other, that they were forced to retreat to their maine Body ; at which time Sir Philip Stapleton (who had the Van-guard of the Parliament Army that day) came purposely back, and drew-up his Regiment to succour his friends, which caused the King's Forces to retire altogether ; and the night stopt any further proceedings. On the King's Party in these hot encounters, were felaine the Marquesse 'De Fieuville, with other Officers- of good quality, "whose worth and valour appeared highly, 224 THE HJSTORY OF THE highly, though I finde not their names recorded. Many Common Souldiers were there slaine, and one Lieutenant- Colonel ; two Lieutenants and a Cornet taken Prisoners. On the Parliament's side were .slaine of Officers, Captaine Middle- ton, and Captaine Racket; divers Officers were .wounded, some Common Souldiers slaine, and Colonel Sheffield lost a Standard. The Lord-General, Essex marched that night with his Army to Hungerford ; Sir Philip Stapleton, who before had the Van, brin^ng-up the Reere. The next day the famous Battel of Newbury was foughtj which Battel may de- serve (because the condition of the whole Kingdom so much depended on thesuc- cesse of it) to be related in a large and particular manner. But, because I have found nothing written of it by those of the King's Party ; and that there was a punctual Narrative published by some Coknels of the Parhament-Army, Gentle- men of great; and unstained Reputation, concerning this Battel ; which Narrative I have heard some of their Enemies confesse to be full, not onely of modesty, but truth in the General, or for the most part ; let the Reader be pleased to take it Jirom their Relation. If any thing may hereafter appeare of greater truth, it will not trouble any honest man to see it published. Neither is it a thing unheard-of, for men to describe their owne actions with impartial truth ; since Julius Cmsak is acknowledged to have written his owne Commentaries, not onely of the Gallike, but also of the Civil, Warre, with so much cleare integrity, that his Enemies had nothing to blame in it. Take it therefore,in their Language. The Battel of New- ^^ Tuesday the nineteenth of September, 164S, we marched from Hungerford. hury, Sepi- i9, i6i$.to\ifzrds Newbury ; and, when we approached \yichin two miles of the Town, we might discover the Enemies Forces upon an hill ; their whole Army, having pre- vented us, were gotten to Newbury, and possest the Towne. But the next morn- ing, being -Wechiesday, by break of day order was given for our March to an Hill called Biggs Hill, neere to Newbury, and the onely convenient place for us to gaine, that we might with better security force our passage. But, when his Ex- cellency perceived that the -Enemies Forces had possest themselves of that hill, marching himselfe upon the head of his owne Regiment, Colonel Barclay's, and Colonel Holeourne's Brigades, he charged so fiercely, that he beat them from the hill, and kept it (rather gaining than losing ground) the whole day. His Excellencie's Regiment, and those other Brigades, all the while they continued there,|were hotly charged by theEnemie's Horse and Foote, whilest much prowesse was shewed on both sides. The General in Person bestirred himselfe, giving directions where-ever there was occasion, and present in all places of danger, dis- charged the part of an excellent General, as the Edemies themselves witnessed. But he considered not the danger of his Person, whilest he' laboured to maintaine that place, which of all others was most advantageous for his prospect, By this time carae-up the two Trayned-Bands of London, whd, though they were often charged by the Horse and Foot, stood to it with imdaunted resolution. The Battel^thus begun by the Foot, Sir Philip Staplbton, with his Excel- lency's Guard and Regiment of Horse, advaaced upon the plaine of the Hill ; when PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 325 when he had no sooner drawne-up out of the Lane's-end, seconded by Colonel Dalbeire's Regiment of Horse, (no other Horse being advanced to the placej but the Enemy perceiving this advantage, being all drawne already in several great Bodies of Horse, part of them advanced immediately, and charged out Horse; whom we so well received (giving no fire till we joyned close with them) that the Enemy was wholly routed, and pursued with much execution near to the phce where their whole Body of Horse stood. From thence, by order, we drew- back to our first ground ; by occasion whereof, opportunity was gained to bring- up the remainder of our Horse, which had the Van-guard that day : whereupon the Enemy drew-out some fresh Regiments pf his Horse, and with all possible; "Ipeed advanced againe upon Sir Philip, but received no better entertainment than, before, being againe routed by him. By that time that he had drawne-up his Regiment againe info some order, the other Regiments (those of Ramsey, Harvey, and Goodwin,) were come-up to him, when the Enemy, with their whole Body, charged upon them bravely, and were as well received. Sir Philip Stapleton was here charged both in Front and Flanke, ( his whole Regiment having spent both their Pistols,) and was so encompassed, that the Enemy and ours, with both our whole Bodies, were all mixed together ; and in this confusion niany were slaine on both sides, and our men, at last, were forced towards the Larie's-end, where they first came-in ; which being near our Foot, the Enemies endeavoured to dis-eiigage themselves, and drew- back to their owne Forces. Those that entered the Lane with ours were most of theni slaine. We tooke three Colours of Horse compleat, and a piece of another Colours. In the first Charge Colonel Dalbeire and Commissary Copley, charging stoutly, were both wounded. ,In the third Charge, Captaine Hamond, Captaine' Fleetwood, Captaine Pym, and Cornet Doily, were all wounded. Captaine pRAPER, who had a Forlorn Hope of Sir Philip Stafleton's inen, did good ^eirviccj as Captaine Abercromby, and Captaine Shibborne, did with their Dtagoones. The left-wing of our Horse, commanded by Colonel Middleton, aiid the right-wing of the Enemie's Horse, could not be engaged, but in small Parties, by reason of the' hedges. The actions 'of our Hprse thus described wholly, (becai^se we were loath to inter- rupt the Series, for the Reader's clearer understanding) returne we to the Foot. Major-General Skippon in the morning, when his Ex<;ellency (as aforesaid) was engaged upon the hill, hastened to the top of the hill, where our Van-guard was in fight; having before ordered the March of our Traine of Artillery, and those, that attended it (which were tbe Lord Roberts's Brigade, a;nd his own?, Sir William Springer's, Colonel Manwaring's, and the red and blew Auxiliary Regiments) to be near to his Excellency. Looking froin the Hill toward New- bury^ he perceived a great strength of the Eiiemy, both Horse and Foot, in divers great Bodies advancing directly toward the waiy through which all our Traine was of necessity to march. To prevent, therefore, what he suspected, (which was, that the lloemy woi;ild fall upon our Traine, or upon the Reare of those that fought on go the , t236 " THE HISTORY OF THE the hill, or gaine that hill behinde us, our last night's Quarter, or all ;) he speedify disposed (which his Excellency did also send him a Command to do) his Forces in places most convenient : Meanewhile, the General sending for more Eoot, that Brigade wherein his Regiment and Springer's were, with the red Auxiliaries, were sent-up ; placing the Lord Roberts's Brigade, with foure small Pieces, just where the Enemy advanced, who gave them so warme an entertainment, that they made them run; and the Lord Roberts possest the ground, which the Enemy came first up unto : His lieutenant- Colohel was'shot in the face. That Forlorne Hope which he had commanded the night before, Tieing now strengthened with 300 Musketeers, and led by Major Fortescue, Major-General Skippon placed on the left of the Lord Roberts's Brigade^ upon the high-way that came from Newbury just upon us ; upon which fbiir E|rakes were likewise placed^ and well. defended, though the Enemies came-iip so close that they tobke- away a Limmer of one of our Pieces; but it was with losse of many of their lives. Colohel Manwaring's Regiment was placed on the right-hand, betweehe the hill and the Lord Roberts's Brigade. This Regiment his Excellency a-while after commanded-away, to the refiefebf his owne Regiment, Colonel Barclay's and Colonel Holborne's Brigades, whiifh had been foure houres upon very hot Service. It fortuned that this Regiment was no sooner brought-on, but they were overcharged with two great Bodies of Horse and Foot, so that they were forced to retreat," and lose "that ground which the forenamed Forces had gotten; which Colonel HoLBORNE perceiving, with his Brigade gave the Enemy si-Round Salvo, aiid instantly his owne, and Colohel 'Barclay's Brigades, and the General's Regiment againe advancing, beat-back' the £nemy, regained the ground, and'made ■ good the place during all the remainder of the day. The blew Auxiliary Regiment was commanded to relieve and assist the Forlorne Hope, which had been three or foure times in thfeir turnes at the point. The Fight all along the Valley (more than half a mile in length) "was -continued as long as in any other part of the Army, which was till ten a-clock at niglit j about which tirne the Enemy gave a good Round Salvo upon Colonel Barclay, and Colonel Holborne's Posts. These things ordered, the Major-General rode-up to the top * of the hill, where he espyed an advantage to bestow eight or nine Demi-Culvering shot upon the Enemy ; who, out of an house, petted the forenamed Gentlemen at a near distance. Then he fallyed the two Train-Band"Regiments into one Body, ' drew them up, and placed them before, where the Traine of Artillery did after- wards draw-up to the top of the hill, and desired Major Boteler to draw the Musketeer's of his Regiment on the right-hand before the two Demi-Culveriiigs that vtere placed at the end of the Lane, on the top of the Hill; and the red Auxiliaries he placed on the left-hand of-those Pieces, which before were'elenderly guarded. The Artillery was well-ordered that day, by the skill and care of Sir^ John ' Merrick. '"While this was acting, two Pieces/ which b'elongfed to the Major-Gene'ral's Re- • gimeat, PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. 237 gitnent, and one Drake of Sir William Brooke's, were, by the General's Regi- rnenti under the Command of Major Boteler, with the assistance of 200 Mus- keteers, recovered ; and the Enemy drew-away from their Pikes (which with their Colours kept standing, with many great Bodies of Horse to guard them) five or six hundred Musketeers, besides Dragoones, to encompasse our men on the right- hand among the hedges ; just at which time his Excellency sent to have 300 Mus- keteers of the Forlorne Hope, to go to the reliefe of Colonel Barclay, and Co- lonel Holborne's Souldiers. But then the Enemy falling-on upon our right-hand, diverted them, who^ with other of our Musketeers thereabouts, beat the Enemy off, who else had done us great mischief. This was about foure o'clock in the afternoone, when all our whole Army of Foot was engaged in the Fight. But then he also caused some of the red Auxiliary Regiment to draw nearer to Colonel Barclay's Post, as he himselfe required. At length night drew-on, when the Enemy, both Horse and Foot, stood in good order on the further side of the Greene, where we expected their stay till next morning, and that they were wbrkr ing (as was reported) to place their Cannon, to make use of them against us when day should breake : Against which supposed encounte* we encouraged our Soul- diers before-hand, and resolved, by God's help, the next day, to force our way through them, or dye. But it pleased God to make our passage without blows ; for the Enemy was gone by night; so that the next morning we marched quietly over the same ground were the Battel was fought, and where the Enemy stood.j for, on Thursday early, his Excellency gave Command for the Armies to March towards Reading ; to which purpose it was all drawne-up upon the Heath, where th| Battel was fought ; and, after that his Excellency had given order for the bury- ing the dead, about ten o'clock we began to march. Colonel Middle ton, with his owne, and three Regiments more (Lord Grey, Sheffield, Meldrum) and 400 commanded ^usketeers under Colonel Barclay, had the Reere-giiard; During which March, the Enemy, at a great distance, shot from several hedges, bwt troubled us not. When we came to a long Heath, we drew-up the whole Army several times ; and no Enemy appeared. But at the entrance of a narrow Lane toward the evening, the Enemy fell upon us with 800 commanded Musketeers, Mid most of their Horse, who caused our Horse, ' then in the Reare, t© make a very disorderly and confused retreat. But when Colonel !^iddleton, with the rest of the Commanders in the Reare, hasted to charge, the Enemy with our Fool, he made them retreat with as much confusion over the Heath, as they had made, us retreat before ; the losse not being great on either side. Lieutenant Browne, was taken Prisoner. After this, the same evening, the Lord- General drew-up the Army to Theale^ The Lord-General and, taking some refreshment there, marched the next morning, being Friday, and his army march with the whole Army to Reading; where he stayed till the Sabbath was past^ and 22, 1643!^' ^^ ' gave publike thanks for the great Victory. This was a Victory not denyed to the Parliament, nor at all disputed ; although the Lord-General Essex, for want of Victuals, marchfed-away to the necessary reliefe of his Army, and could not stay to pursue the Victory which he had gotten, 2 G 2 The 223 THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND^ The number of slaiiie in that Battel, were judged to be, by those who speak most modelTitely, foure times as many of the King's Party as of the Parliament's ; but others have spoken of a farre greater difference. Divers Captains, as Captaine Massy, and Captaine Hunt, with bthers, were slaine on the Padiament-side j but scarce any of^higher ranke. Three of the Nobility fell on 'the King's side, the Earl of Carnarvon, the Lord Spencer (newly-made by the King Earle of SiCnderland) and the Lord Viscount Fawhland. The Lord-General After this Victory, the Lord-General was received at Xon Jon with great joy and Essex returns to Honour. The Trayned Bands and Auxiliaries of Lmdon marched home in full 27''"it43^''°"'^^'''' Companies, and were welcomed by their friends j and met by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen at Temple-Barre : And now the face of things seemed much to change, and the reputation of the Parliament to rise higher. The King agrees to At the time of this Expedition for the reliefs of Gloucester, a Cessation of Arms a cessation of Arms ^^ ^^^^ ^^ jj^g g-j^jg ^j^jj ^jjg j^jgjj R,ebels ; of which, together with the great be'ls. in SefJt. 1643. Victories which small numbers of the English Forces obtained over great multitudes of those Irish Rebels, before the time of that Cessation (which was her* omitted, as . not to mterrupt the Relation of proceedings in the English Warres) there may be a larger Discourse in the continuation of this History ; as also of the Covenant which the Parliament, and that part of the Nation which adhered to them, about this time entered into with their -Brethren of Scotland, for maintenance «f the Religioa, Lawes, and Liberties of both Kingdomes. HERE ends this Ml and faithful History of the firsf three years of this celebrated ParliamSit, (which has since Been generally called J'A^ Long Parliament of King Charles the 1 st,) by Mr. Thomas May. * For, though he here speaks oiaKlontinuation of it as a work that he then designed speedily to enter-upon, he never carried that design into execution. However, he afterwards published a more' summary history of the whole Civil War of England, down tolihe trial and execution of King Charles in January, 1648-9, about three years after the publi- cation of the present history, to wit, in the year 1 650, during the Government of England and Ireland under the form of a Common-wealth, or Republic, without a King and. House of Lords, and before Oliver Cromwell had usurped the Supreme authority .by miUtary force under thetitle of Lord Protector, This summary history was pubUshed with the approbation of the Parliament then sitting, under the authority of an Imprimatur signed Na. Srent,, and dated June 10, 1650, which was about a year before the Author's death. It is written in a cleir and easy style, and is full of judicious observations, and seems to be very faithful and impartial. The title of it is as follows: A BREVIARY OF THE HISTORY OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND ; EXPRESSED IN THKEE TARTS : 1. The causes and beginning of the Civil War of England. 2. A short mention of the 'Progress of that Civil War. 3. A cdmpendious'R'elatiOn of theOriginaland Progress of the Secmd Civil War. Written ly THOMAS MAY, Esquire. The oldest Edition I have seen of this Breviary if the History of this Parliament was published in the year 1655. But I suppose there had been a former Edition 6f it in the year 1650, ■which is the date of the Imprimatur. F.M, APPENDIX. i'Ol^ the further satisfaction of the headers of the foregoing valuable History of the first part of the celebrated Long Parliament of England .(from it's beginning on the 3d day of November, 1640, to the 27th of September, 1643,) by Mr. Thomas May, I shall here insert an APPENDIX to it, containing all the papers issued by the King and 4he Parliament, from the time of the King's return from Scotland to London in November, I64I5 to the middle of the following month of March, in the year 1641-3, when the King had retired from his usual residence at his Palace at White-hall in consequence of so^e tumults in the City of London, and mas gone to Huntingdon in his way to the City of York, where he afterwards resided for some time, and began to -raise soldiers as a Guard to his Person, which he declared he apprehen- ded to be in danger : which measure was, in a few months after, fol- lowed by an open war between him and the Parliament. The papers here re-published form the first part of the large Collection (mentioned above in the Note in page 139 J which ze>as published by Mr. Husbands , in the year 1642-3 ; and they relate to the principal subjects of dispute in these unfortunate dissensions betz^een the King and the Parliament ; and therefore will, as L conceive, be sufficient to. gratify the curiosity of the greater part of the Headers of this History. But they are folloxved in that Collection by a great body of other papers, which, on account of J . their g3Q APPENDIX. their great number ^ and the great length of mani/ of them, I have not thought it necessary^ to reprint on this occasion, though thet/ contain muck important matter that may be interesting to very diligent inquirers into the foundations of our Laws and Government ; Mr. Husbands's ®Aa/e Collection extending to no fe/wer than 954 pages. F.M.. APPENDI]^. nr'/z^^nro/Zn^'^i^cro^un^^uJ o/^^ Jtauca^m^n/~o/ ( ?iaMn^/. / un/^ , /////// (. //^/' ^/ /5^.^^/r//'rt>? ^J^. ^//? f //•///' an the 3?^ day of November , 1640. being the first day of the meeting of the said Parliament «31 APPENDIX, CONTAINING ALL THE PAPERS IN HUSB ANDS'S COLLECTION, FROM THE BEGINNING OF DECEMBER* 1641, TO THE i6th OF MARCH, 1641-2. ■ His Majestie's Speech, to both Rouses of Parliament, December 2, 1641. My Lords and Gentlemen, I Think it fit, ifter so long absence, at this first occasion, to speaik a few words pnto you ; but it is no ways in Answer to Master Speaker's learned Speech. Albeit I have staid longer than I expected to have done when I went-away, yet in this I have kept my promise with you, that I have made all the haste back again, that the settlingofmy 5rt)/ businesse that I can have more care of. 1 might now take-up some of your time in expressing my detestation of Rebellions in general, and of this in particular : But, knowing that Deeds, ancl not Declar^tion§j must suppresse this great Insolency, I do here, in 3 H " a wordj 234 APPETNDIX. a word, offer you whatsoever my power, pains, or indusffy, can contribute to this good and necessary work of reducing the Irish Nation to their true and wonted obediencie. Concerning a Bill in And, that nothing may be omitted on my part, I must here take notice of the the House of Lords gjn for pressing of Souldiers, now depending among you, my Lords ; concerning for pressing Soldiers, ^j^j^j^ I here declare. That, in case it come so to Me as it may riot infringe, or diminish, my Prerogative, I will passe it : And, further, seeing there is a dispute raised (I being little beholding to him whosoever at this time began it) concerning the bounds of this ancient and undoubted prerogative, to avoid further debate at ^this. time, I offer, that the Bill may .passe with 2. Salvo jure,^ both for King and People, leaving such debates to a time that may better bear it. If this be not accepted, the fault is not mine that this Bill passe not ; but of those that refuse so fair an offer. To conclude, I conjure you by all that is, or can be, deare to you or ftie, that, laying-away all Disputes, you gbd-tin cheerfully and speedily for the reducing of 'Ireland. To the King's Most Exceilertt' Majtstie. The humble Petition of the Lords and Commons in Parliament, ■ concerning his Majestie's Speech of the 14tk of December, I64I. Most Gt'aciims S&vereigriy yOtJR Majestie's most humble and loyal Subjects, tbe Lords and Commons in Parliament, doe^ with all faithfulnesse and zeale to your Majestie's Service, acknow- ledge your Royal favour and protection to be a great blessing and security to them for the enjoying and preserving of all those publick and private Liberties and Privi- ledges which belong unto them ; and, whensoever any of those Liberties or Privi- ifedges'shall be invaded or 'br&ken, they hold themselves bound, with humility and confidence, to resort to rer '^ spectively to judge and determine such errourSi «m4 offences in wbrds or actions as " shall be committed by any of their Members in .the handling, or debating, any " matters depending." They doe further declare, that all the Priviledges above-mentioned have been lately broken, to the great sorrow and grievance of, your most humble and faithful Subjects, in that Speeqh which Your Majestie made in Parliament, to bqth Houses, upon Tuesday last the fourteenth of this present moneth of Decemhef, in. tliat your Majesty did therein take notice' of a Bill for impressing of Souldiers beiijg in agita*- tion in the; said Houses, and not agreed-upon : and that your Majesty did therein offer a Salvo jure, or provisional Clause, to be added to that Bill before it was pre* sented to your Majestie by thfe consent of both Houses, and did at the same time declare your displeasure against such persons as had moved some doubt, or question, concerning the same Bill. All which they doe affirm and declare to be against the ancient,, lawful, and un4oubted Priviledges and Liberties of Pg,rliament^ And therefore they most humbly beseech your. Majesty, by your Royal Power and Authority, to maintain and protect them in these and all other the Priviledges of your High Coi^rt of Parliament,and that you will not, for the time to come, break, or interrupt, the same. And that none of your loyal Subjects may suffer, or sustain, any prejudice in your Majestie's favour, or good opinion, for. any thmg done, or spoken, in Parliament. And, for the reparation of your loyal Subjects in this their just grievance and complaint, for the breaches of their Priviledges above-mentioned, and prevention of the like for the time to come ; That your Majesty will be pleased to declare and mal^e known the name or names of the person, or persons, by whose misinformation and evil counsel your Majesty was induced to th^ same; that so he, or they, may receive such condigne punishment as shall J^ppertain to justice in that behalfe. And this they most humbly desire, and, as your greatest and most faithful Council, shall advise your Majesty to perform, as being that which will be not only a comfort to themselves, but likewise a great advantage to yoijr Majesty, by procuring and confirming such a. confidence and unity betwixt youj; Ma,- jesty and the People, as may be a foundation of Honour, safety, and happjnesse to your Person and Throne, which th^y stand bound always to pray-for and, endeavour. The Petition of the House of Commoks, which accompanied the Declaration of the State of the Kinqdom, wh^n it was presented to his Majesty at Hampton-Court. Most Gracious Sovereign^ YOUR Majestie'sJVIost humble and faithful Subjects, the Commons in this pre- sent Pj^rliament assembled, do, with much thankfulnesse and joy, acknowledge the 2 H 2 ' great 236 APPENDIX. great mercy and favour of God, in giving your Majesty a Safe alid peaceable return out of Scotland into your Kingdom of England, where the pressing dangers and distempers of the State have caused us with much earnestnesse to desire the comfort of your gracious presence, and likewise the Unitie and Justice of your Royal Au- thority to give more life and power to the dutifull and loyal Counsels and endea- vours of your Parliament, for the prevention of that eminent ruine and destruction wherein your Kingdoms of England and Scotland are threatened. The duty which we owe to your Majesty and our Country, cannot but make us very sensible and apprehensive, that the multiplicity, sharpnesse, and malignity, of those evils under which we have now many yeeres suffered, are fomented and cherished by a cor- rupt and ill-affected party, who, amongst other their mischievous devices for the alteration of Religion and Government, have sought, by many false scandals and imputations, cunningly insinuated and dispersed amongst the people, to blemish and disgrace our proceedings in this Parliament, and to get themselves a party and faction amongst your Subjects, for the better strengthening of themselves in their wicked courses, and hindering those provisions and Remedies which might, by the wisdome of your Majesty and Counsel of your Parliament^ be opposed against them. The Necessity of For preventing whereof, and for the better information of your Majesty, your a^Declaration onhe ^^^^^' ^^^ ^'^ Other your loyal Subjects, wee have been necessitated to make a State of the King- Declaration of the state of the Kingdom, both before and since the Assembly of ^°">- this Parliamtot, unto this time ; which we do humbly present to your Majesty with- out the least intention to lay any blemish upon your Royal Person, but only to re- present how your Royal Authority and trust hlave been abused, to the great pre- judice and danger of your Majesty, and of all your good Subjects. And, because we have reason to believe that those malignant parties whose pro- ceedings evidently appear to be, mainly for the advantage and encrease of Popery, are composed, set-up, and acted by the subtile practice of the Jesuits, and other Engineers and Factors for Rome ; and, to the great danger of this Kingdom, and most grievous affliction of your loyal Subjects, have so far prevailed as to corrupt divers of your Bishops, and others in prime places of the Church, and also to bring divers of these Instruments to be of your Privy Council, and Qo be-advanced to] other employments of trust and neemesse about your Majestie, the Prince, and the rest of your Royal children : And, by this means, they have had such an operation in your Council, and the most important afiaires and pro- ceedings of your Government, that a most dangerous division and chargeable preparation for war betwixt your Kingdoms of England and Scotland, the increase of Jealousies betwixt your Majesty and your most obedient Subjects, the violent distraction and interruption of this Parliament, the insurrection of the Papists in your Kingdom of Ireland, and bloody Massacre of your people, have been not only endeavoured and attempted/ but, in a great measurei- compassed and effected : ^For APPENDIX. §37 For preventing the final accomplishments whereof, your poor Subjects are en- forced to engage their persons and estates to the maintaining of a very expenceful and dangerous War, notwithstanding they have already, since the beginning of this Parliament, undergone the charge of 1 50,000 pounds sterling, or thereabouts, for the necessary support and supply of your Majesty in these present and perilous de- signes. And, because all our most faithful endeavours and engagements will be ineffectual for the peace, safety, and preservation of your Majesty and your peo- I pie, if some present, real and effectual course be not taken for suppressing this wicked and malignant party; We, your most humble and obedient Subjects, doe, with all faithfulnesse and humility, beseech your Majesty ; 1. That you will be graciously pleased to concur with the humble desires of your people in a Parliamentary way, for the preserving the peace and safety of the ^Kingdom from the malicious Designes of the Popish party. For depriving the Bishops of their Votes in Parliament, and abridging their im- moderate power, usurped over the Clergy and other your good Subjects, which they have most perniciously abused, to the hazard of Religion, and great prejudice and oppression of the Laws of the Kingdom, and the just liberty of your people. For the takijig-away such oppressions in Religion, Church-government, and Discipline, as have been brought-in and fomented by them. For -uniting all such of your loyal Subjects together as join in the same fundamen- tal truths, against the Papists, by removing some oppressions and unnecessary Ceremonies, by which divers weak consciences have. been scrupled, and seeme to be divided from the rest ; for the due execution of those good Laws which have beefl made for securing the liberty of your Subjects. 2. That your Majesty will likewise be pleased to remove from your Council all- such as persist to favour and promote any of those pressures and corruptions wherewith your people have been grieved ; and that, for the iuture, your Majestie will vouchsafe to employ such persons in your great and publick Affairs, and to take such to be neere you in places of trust, as your Parliament may have cause to confide-in ; and that, in your Princely goodnesse to your people, you will reject and refuse all mediation and solicitation to the contrary, how powerful and neere soever. 3. That you will be pleased' to fbrbear to alienate any of the forfeited and eschea- ted Lands in Ireland which shall accrue to your Crown by reason of this Rebellion; that, out of them, theUrown may be the better supported, and some satisfaction may be made to your Subjects of this Kingdom for the great expences they, are like to undergo by this War. Which* humble desires of ours being graciously fulfilled by your Majesty, we ■ will, by the blessiogand favtmr of Godj most cheerfully undergo tfi,e hazard and expences §38 APPEND.IX. expences of this War, and apply ourselves to such other courses and counsels as may support your Royal estate with honour and plenty at home, with power and reputation 'abroad, andj by our loyal affections, obedience, and service, lay a sure and lasting foundation of the greatnesse and prosperity of your Majesty, and your Royal posterity in future times. A Remonstrance of the State of the Kingdom, Die Mercurii, 15 Decemler, l641. THE Commons in this present Parliament assembled, having with much earnest nesse, and faithfulnesse of affection, and zeal to the publike good of this Kingdom, ^ and His Majestie's honour and service, for the space of twelve moneths, wresded with the great dangers and fears, the pressing miseries and calamities, the varioiig distempers and disorders) which had not only assaulted, but even overwhelmed and extinguished, the liberty, peace, and prosperity of this Kingdom, and the comfort and hopes of all His Majestie's good Subjects, and exceedingly weakened and undfer^ That there is a ma- mined the foundation and strength of his own Royal Throne; Do yet finde an km^dom^that'en-^^ abounding malignity and opposition in those parties, and factions, who have beea deavours to disap- the cause of those evils, and do still' hbour to cast aspersions upon that which point the measures {lath been done, and to raise many difficulties for the hiiiderance of that which re- lia?nent fo/the^Pub- mains yet undone, and, to foment Jealousies betwixt the King and the Par- UckGood. liament; That so they may deprive him, and his people, of the fruit of his own gracious Intentions, and their humble desires of procuring the publike peacej safety, and happinesse of this Realme. For the preventing of those miserable effects, which, such malicious endeavours may produce. We have thought good to declare^ t. The Root, and the growth of these mischievous designes. 2. The Maturity and Rijienesse, to which they had attained before the. beginning of the. Parliament. 3. The effectual means which hath been used for the extirfiatton of those dangerous evils, and the Progresse which hath, therein been made by Hts MaJ£stie's goodnesse, and the Wisdom of the Parliament, 4. Phe ways of obstruction and opposition, by which thut Progresse hath been interrupted. 5. The courses to be taken for the removing those Obstacles, and for the accomplishing of our most dutiful and faithful intentions and endea- vours, of restoring and establishing the Ancient JSonour^ Gr^atruste, and Security, of this Crowne and Nation, Tk At'P E Nt) 1 X. 239 The Root of all this mischief e^ Wefincle to be a malignant and pernicious '•dtsigne^ of subverting the Fundamental Laws, and Frincijiles of Go- ■'vernment, upon -which the Religion andfustice of this Kingdom are firmly established. The Actors and Promoters hereof have been ; 1. The Jesuited FapistSy who hate the Laws, as being the Obstacles o/*The persons who thai change and Subversion of Religion which they so much long -for. Pany?^^ '^"^ ^^^^ 2. The Bishojis, and the corrupt part of the Clergy, who cherish forma- lity and superstition, as the natural effects, and more probable supports, of ■their own Ecclesiastical Tyranny and Usurpation, 3. Such -Counsellors and Courtiers as, for private ends, have engaged -themselves to further the interests of some foreign Princes, or States, to ^he prejudice of His Majesty and the State at home. The common Principles, by which they moulded and governed all their particu- Tte Principles, and lar Counsels and Actions, were these. I^ralf peJsot'te governed. First, To maintain continuall differences and discontents betwixt, the King and the People, upon ^estions of Prerogative and Liberty ,; that so they might have the advantage of finding, with him, and under the notion of men addicted to his service, gain to themselves and their parties, and the jilaces of greatest trust and power in the Kingdom. A second. To suppresse the purity and pDwer of Religion, and such as were best-affected to it ; as being contrary to their own ends, and the great- est impediment to that change which they^thoughf to introduce. A third. To conjoin those parties of the Kingdome whichwere most propi- 't-ious to t^tir own ends, and to divide those who were most opposite to them; 'which consistedin many particular Observations; namely, to cherish the Ar- mimdinparty inthose fioints wherein they agree with the Papists ; to multiply and enlarge thie differences between the common Protestants and those whom they call Puritans; to introduce and countenance such opinions and Ceremo- nies as are fittest for accommodation with Popery ; to encrease and maintain ignorance, loosenesse, and prophanenesse, in the people: That of those three parties^ Papists, Arminians, and Libertines, they might compose a body, fit to act such Caunsels and resolutions as were most conducible to their owne ends. Afcnirth'^ to dis affect the King to Parliaments by slanders -and false im- putations 240 APPENDIX. Jiutations, and by putting him upon other ways of sufipiy, which, in shew and appearance, were fuller of advantage than the ordinary course of Subsidies, though, in truth, they brought more losse than gain, both to the King and the Veople, and have caused the distractions under which we both suffer^ The Counsels of Je- -As in all compounded bodies, the Operations are qualified according to the pre- p"*'- 'h r'^""'^ °^^^^ dominant Element ; So in this mixt party, the Jesuited Counsels, being most active opis e igion. ^jjj prevailing, may easily be discovered to have had the greatest sway in all their determinations, and, if they be not prevented, are likely to devour the rest, or to turn them into their own nature. In the beginning of His Majestie's Reign, the party began to revive and flourish again, having been somewhat dampt by the breach with Spain in the last year of King James, and by his Majestie's Marriage with France ; the interests and Coun- sels of that State being not so contrary to the good of Religion, and the prosperity of this Kingdome, as those of ^pam ; and the Papists of England, having been, ever more addicted to Spain than to France : yet they still retained a purpose and resolution to weaken the Protestant parties in all parts^ and even in France, whereby, to make way for the change of Religion, which they intended at home. The effects of those The first effect and evidence of their recovery and strength was the dissolution Counsels. of the Parliament at Oxford, after there had been given two Subsidies to His Ma- jesty, and before they had received relief in any one Grievance : many other more,, miserable effects followed. The destruction of "^^^ ^°^^^ °^ ^^^ Rochel Fleet, by the help "of our shipping, set-forth and deli- the Rochell Fleet, vered-over to the French, in opposition to the advice of Parliament : which left that N. B. Town vnthout defence by Sea, and made way not only to the losse of that im- portant place, but likewise to the losse of all the strength and security of the Protestant Religion in France. The diverting of His Majestie's course of wars from attacks on the West-Indies,, (which was the most facile and hopeful way for this Kingdom to prevail against the Spaniard,) to an expencefcl and successeless attempt upon Cales ; which wa^s so ordered as if it had rather been intended to make us weary of the Warre than to prosper in it. The precipitate breach with France^hj taking their Ships to a great value ; with- out making recompence to the English, whose goods were thereupon imbar'd and confiscated in that Kingdom. The Peace with Spaia without consent of Parliament, contrary to the promise of King James to both Houses j whereby the Palatine Cause was deserted, and left to chargeable and hopelesse Treaties ; which, for the most part, were managed by those who might justly be suspected to be no Friends to that Cause. I'he charging of the Kingdom with Billited Souldiers in all parts of it, and that Concomitant designe of Germane Horse j that the Land might either submit with fear APPENDIX. §41 fear, or be enforced, with rigour, to such Arbitrary Contributions as should be required of them. The dissolving of the Parliament in the second year of His Majestie's Reign, after The untimely Disso- a Declaration of their intent to grant five Subsidies. ^"''°" of a second The exacting of the like proportion of five Subsidies, after the Parliament was ^'^ '*™^"'- dissolved, by Commission of Loan; and divers Gentlemen, and others, imprisoned for not yielding to pay that Loan ; whereby many of them contracted such sick- nesses as cost them their lives. Great summes of Money required, and raised by Privy-Seals. An unjust and pernicious attempt to extort great payments from the Subject, by way of Excise ; and a Commission issued under Seale to that purpose. The Petitionof Right, (which was granted in full Parliament,) blasted with an illegal Declaration, to make it destructive to itself, to the power of Parliament, and to the Liberty of the Subject, and to that purpose printed with it ; and the Petition made of no use, but to shew the bold and presumptuous injustice of such Ministers as durst break the Laws, and suppresse the Liberties of the Kingdom, after they had been so solemnly and evidently declared. Another Parliament dissolved, 4 Car. and the priviledge of Parliament broken a third Parliament by imprisoning divers Members of the House, detaining them close prisoners for dissolved with harsh- many moneths together, without the liberty of using Books, Pen, Inke, or Paper, J]f ^^ ', '°'^"'ed by denying them all the comforts of Ufe,, all means of preservation of health, not per- prfs^onmentrof '™ Hiitting their wives to come unto them even in time of their sicknesse. And, for several of the most the compleating of that cruelty, after yeers spent in such miserable durance, je- f™'*^"''^^'"''^'^"'^ priving them of the necessary means of Spiritual consolation ; not suffering them N. B. to go-abroad to enjoy God's Ordinances in God's House, or God's Ministers to, come to them, to administer comfort unto them in their private Chambers: and, to keep them still in this oppressed condition, not admitting them to be bailed ac- cording to Law, yet vexing them with Informations in inferiour Courts, sentencing and fining some of them for matters done in Parliament, and extorting the pay- rnents of those Fines from them ; and enforcing others to put-in security of good behaviour, before they could be released. The imprisonment of the rest, who refused to be bound, still continued ; which, might have been perpetual, if necessity had not, the last yeer, brought another Parliament to relieve them j of whom, one * died, by the cruelty apd harshnesse of his imprisonment, which would admit of no relaxation, notwithstanding the immi- nent danger of his life did sufficiently appeare by the declara,tion of his Physician ; And his release, or, at least, his refreshment, was sought by many humble Peti- tions. And his blood still cryes either for vengeance, or repentance of those Ministers of State, who are, at once, obstructors of the course, both of his Majes- tie's Justice and his Mercy. Upon the dissolution of both these Parliaments, untrue and scandalous Declara- tions were published, to asperse their proceedings, and some of their Members, un- justly to make them odious, and colour the violence which was used against them, * Sir John Elliot. See above, page 9. 2 X ProclaraaticH\ 243 A P P E T>J D I X. Proclam^tibn set-out to tlie same purpose ; and, to' the great dejecting of the hearts of the people, forbidding them even to speak of Parliaments. The King governs Aftbr the hreach of the Parliament, in the fourth yeer of His Majesty, Injustice, theXjtivn dining Oppression, and Violence, broke-in upon us, without any restraint, or moderation. a^PalLmenl and"'' -^'^'^Tet the firet' project, (which was the great summes exacted throughout the whole raises money by various illei^al and oppressive methods Ship-: Kingdom for default of Knighthood, ) seemed to have some colour and shadow of a Law : But, if it be rightly examined by that obsolete Law which was pretended for it, it would be found to be against all the rules of Justice, both, in respect of the person's charged, the proportion of the Fines demanded, and the absurd and unreasonable manner of their proceedings. Tonnage and Poundage hath beene received without colour, or pretence, of Law : many other heavy impo- sitions continued against Law ; and some so unreasonable, that the summe of the charge exceeds the value of the Goods. The Booke of Rates lately enhansed to a high proportion -, and such Merchants as would not submit to their illegal and utireasonabl-e payments, were vexed and oppressed above measure; and the ordi- nary course of Justice, the common Birth-right of the Subject of England, wholly obstructed urito them. And, although all this was taken upon pretence of guard- lii-monejr. ing the Sea, yet a new and unheard-of -Tax -of Ship-money was devised, upon the same pretence. By both which, there was charged- upon the Subject near 700,000 pounds some yeers ; and yet the Merchants have been left so naked to the violence of the Turkish Pirates, that many great Ships of value, and thousands of His Majestie's Subjects, have been taken by them, and do still remain in miserable slavery. The enlargement of Forests, contrary to Charta de Forestd, and the composition thereupon. The exactions of Coat and Conduct-money, and divers other Military charges. The taking-away the Arraes of the Trained-Bands of • divers Counties. The desperate designe of engrossing all the Gun-powder into one hand ; keeping it in the Tower of London, and setting so high a Rate upon it that the poorer Sort were not able to buy it ; nor could any have it without License ; thereby to leave the several parts of the Kingdome destitute of their necessary defence ; and, by selling so dear that which was sold, to make an unlawful advantage of it, to the great charge and detriment of the Subject, the general destruction of the King's Timber, especially that in the Forrest of Dean, sold to Papists, which was the best Store-house of this Kingdome, for the maintenance of our Shipping. The taking- away of men's right, under <:olour of the King's title, to Land between high and Monopolies. low-water-Marks. The Monopolies of "Soape, Salt, Wiae, Leather, Sea-cole, and, in a manner, of all things of most common and necessary use. The restraint of the Liberties of the Subjects in their habitation. Trades, and other Interest. Their vexation and oppression by Purveyors, Clerks of the Market, and Salt-Peter- raen. The sale of pretended Nuzances, as Buildings in and about London, con- version of Arable into Pasture, continuance af Pasture, under the name of depopu- ■ lation, have drawn many Millions out of the Subjects Purses, without any consi- derablie , APPENDIX, g|3 derable profit to his Majesty. Large quantities of Common^ and several Grounds, have been taken from the Subject, by colour of the Statute of Improvement, and by abuse of the Commission of Sewers, without their consent, and against it, And not only private Interest, but also the publike Faith hath been broken, in seizing of the Money and Bullion, in the Mint ; and the whole Kingdom like to be robjjed at once, in that abominable project of Brasse-Money. Great numbers of His Ma- jestie's Subjects, for refusing those unlawful charges, have beene vexed with long and expensive suits ; some fined and censured, others committed to long and hard imprisonments and confinements, to the losse of health of many, of life in some ; and others have had their houses broken-up, their goods seized ; some have been restrained from their lawful Callings : Ships have been interrupted in their Voy- ages, surprized at Sea in an Hostile manner by Projectors, as by a common Enemy : Merchants prohibited to unlade their goods in such Ports as were for their own advantage, and forced to bring them to those places which were most; for the advantages of the Monopolizers and Projectors, The Court of Star-cham- Oppression of the ber hath abounded in extravagant censures, not only fox the maintenance and People by cruel improvement of Monopolies, and other unlawful taxes; but for divers other ^(^"yrtofStar-clam- Causes, where there hath been no offence, or. very small ; whereby His Majestie's ber. Subjects have been oppressed by grievous Fines, Imprisonments, Stigmatizings, Mutilations, Whippings, Pillories, Gags, Confinements, Banishments ; after so rigid a manner as hath not only deprived men of the society of their friends^ exercise of their professions, comfort of Booksj use of Paper or Ink, but, even violated that near Union which God hath established betwixt Men and their Wives, by forced and constrained separation ; whereby they have been bereaved of the comfort and conversation one of another, for many yeers together without hope of relief ; if God had not by his over-ruling Providence, given some inter- ruption to the prevailing power and Counsell of those, who were the Authors and Promoters of such peremptory and heady courses. Judges have been put out of their places, for refusing to do against their Oaths The Courts of and consciences: Others have been so awed, that they durst not do their dutieSj empioyeTas instru- and, the better to hold a rod over them, the Clause Quam diu se bene gesserk, was ments of oppression, left out of their Patents, and a new Clause, Durante bene placito, inserted. 'Law- yers have been checked, for being faithful to their clients ; Solicitors and Atturneyes have been threatened, and some punished for following lawful Suits : And by this means all the approaches to Justice were interrupted and forecluded. New Oaths have been forced upon the Subject. against Law; new Judicatories erected without Law : 1 he Council-Table have, by their Orders, offered to bind the Subjects in their Freeholds, Estates, Suits, and Actions. The pretended Court of xhe.'Ksxl-Marshal was Arbitrary, and illegal in its being, and proceedings. The Chancery, Ex- chequer-chamber, Court of Wards, and other English Courts have been grievous in exceeding their Jurisdictions. The estates of many Families have been weakened ; ana seme ruined by excessive Fines, exacted from them for Compositions of Wardships. All Leases of above a hundred years have been made to draw-on 2 I 2 Wardsnip e 244 APPENDIX. Wardship contrary to Law. Undue proceedings used in the finding of Offices, to make the Jury finde for the King. ' The Common-law Courts, seeing all Men more inclined to seek Justice there, where it may be fitted to their own desire, are known frequently to forsake the Rules of the Common-law, and straining beyflnd their bounds, under pretence of equity, to do Injustice. Titles of Honour, Judicial places, Serjeantships at Law, and other Offices, have been sold for great summes of money ; whereby the common Justice of the Kingdom hath been much endangered, not only by opening a way of employment, in places of great trust and advantage, to Men of weak parts ; but also by giving occasion to Bribery, Extor- tion, and Partiality ; It seldom happening that placesill-gotten are well-used. Com- **^" missions have been granted for examining the excesse of Fees : and, when great exactions have been discovered. Compositions have been made with Delinquents, not only for the time past, but likewise for immunity -and security in offending for the time to come ; which, under colour of remedy, hath but confirmed and en- creased the Grievance to the Subject. The usual course of pricking Sherifis hath been not observed, but many times Sheriffs have been made in an extraordinary way; some-times as a punishmeiit and charge unto them ; sometimes such were pricked- out as would be Instruments to execute whatsoever they would have to be done. The Bishops and the rest of the Clergy did triumph in the Suspensions, Excom- munications, Deprivations, and Degradations, of divers paipful, learned, and pious Ministers, in the vexation and grievous oppression of great numbers of His Ma- Th H'-hCoriT jesiie's good Subjects. The High.:Commission grew to such excesse of sharpnesse !aJssion''Court and severity as was not much lesse than the Romish Inquisition ; and yet in many cases, by the Archbishop's power, was made much more heavy, being assisted and strengthened by authority of the Council-Table. The Bishops Courts. '^^^ Bishops, and their Courts, were as eager in the Country ; and, although '' their Jurisdiction could not reach so high in rigour and extremity of punishment, yet weie they no lesse grievous, in respect of the generality and multiplicity of vexations, w hich, lighting upon the meaner sort of Tradesmen and Artificers, did ■impoverish many thousands, and so afflict and trouble others, that great numbers, to avoid their miseries, departed out of the Kingdome, some into New-England and other parts of America, and others into Holland, where they have transported their Manufactures of Clbth ; which is not only a losse by diminishing the preseht stock of the Kingdom, but a great mischiefe by impairing and endangering the losse of that peculiar Trade of Cloathing," which hath been a plentiful Fountain of Wealth and Honour to this Nation. Those were [thought3 fittest for Ecclesiastical prefer- ments, and soonest obtain edthem,-^ho were most officious in promoting Superstition, and most virulent in ray ling against Godlinesse and Honesty. The most publike and -solemne Sernions before His Majesty were, either to advance Prerogative above'Law, ■ and Decry the property of the Subject, or were full of such kind of invectives whereby they might make those odious who sought to maintain the Religion, Laws, and Liberties of the Kingdome; and such men were sure to be weeded out of the Commission of the Peace, and out of all other employments APPENDIX. 2^5 employments of power in the government of the Country. Many noble Personages were Councillors in name; but the power and authority remained in a few of such as were most addicted to this party ; whose resolutions and determinations were brought to the Table for countenance and execution and not for debate and de- liberation; and no man could offer to oppose them, without disgrace and haza rd •to himself: Nay all those that did not wholly concurre and actively contribute to the furtherance of their designes, (though otherwise persons of never so great Honour and Abilities) were so far from being employed in any place of Trust and power, that they were neglected, discountenanced, and, upon all occasions, injured and oppressed. This Faction was growne to that height and entireness of power, that now they began to think of finishing their Work, which consisted of these three parts. 1. 'J'he Government must be set-free from, all restraint of Laws, concern- 4ng our Persons and Estates. 2. Inhere must be a Conjunction betwixt Papists and Protestants in Doc- trine, Discijiline, and Ceremonies; only it must not yet be called Pofierie. 3. The Puritans, (under which name they include all those that desire to 'preserve the La'ws and Liberties of the Kingdome, and te maintain Re- ligion in the jiower of it;) must be either rooted-out of tht Kingdome ivith force, or driv^en-out with feare. For the effecting of this it was thoug-ht r^, ^. ,. necessary to reduce ocotland to such ropisn Superstitions and Innovations to introduce & new as might make them apt tojoyne with England in that great change which \^^^^^^ ^^e^lll' was intended. Whereupon new Canons, and a new Liturgie, were pressed '^s?. And raises an upon them; and, when they refused to admit of them, an Army w-as raised ioiteiC ""'^ "^" to force them to it, towards which the Clergie and the Papists were very forward in their contributions. The Scots like^vise raised an -^f'^y for rYheScoUrahe an their defence ; And, when both Armies were come together, and ready for J^^'^^"-:! ionheu de- a bloody encounter. His Majestic' s own gracious disposition and the Coun- sel of the English Nobilitie, and dutiful submission of the Scots, did so far prevail against the evil Counsel of others, that a Pacif cation was made, and His Majestic returned with Peace and much honour to London. The unexpected reconciliation was most acceptable to all the Kingdom, except A Pacification. to the malignant party, whereof the Archbishop and the-"Earle of Strafford being heads, they and their faction begun to inveigh against the Eeace, and to aggravate the proceedings of the States, which so incensed his Majesty that he forthwith prepared again for War. And such was their confidence, that, having corrupted and distempered the whole' frame and -Gevernment of the Kingdom, they did now hope to corrupt that which was the only means to restore all to a right frame and . temper ^W) . APPENDIX. temper again : to which end they perswaded His Majesty to call a Parliament, not to seeke counsel and advice of them, but to draw countenance and supply from them, and engage the whole Kingdom in their Quarrel : and, iri the mean time, continued all thjir unjust Levies of Money, resolving either to make the Parlia- ment pliant to their Will, and to establish mischiefe by a Law, or else to break it ; and with more colour to go-on by violence, to take what they could not ob- tain by consent. The ground alledged for the justification of this War was this. The Kin" breakes That the undutiful demands of the Parliament of Scotland, was a sufficient the PacifiMtion, and reason for His Majesty to take Arms against them, without hearing the Reason of makes war upon the those Demands ; And thereupon a new Army was prepared against them, their Ships were seized in all Ports, both of England and Ireland, and at Sea ; Their TheEarleofStraf- Petitions were rejected, and their Comnjissioners refused Audience. This whole ford raises an Army Kingdom was most miserably distem.pered with Levies of Men and Money, and Im- principall'y^of ^'* '°^ prisonments of those who denied to submit to those Levies. The Earle oi Strafford Papists, to be em- past into Ireland, caused the Parliament there to declare against the Scots, to give four ployed against the Subsidies towards that.War; and to engage themselves, their lives and fortunes, for the prosecution of it, and gave directions for an Army of eight thousand foot, and one thousand horse, to be levied there, which v/ere, for the most part, Papists. The King called a The Parliament met upon the thirteenth of j4pril, one thousand, six hundred,, and Parliament at Len- forty. The Earle of Strafford, and the Archbishop of Canteibury, with their Party, don on the 13th of ' ., , . , „• iv/r • .u ^u o ^ /^ j ■ li April, 1640, fiopin.^so prevailed with His Majesty, that trie House oj Lommons wa.s pressed to yield to receive SubMdies to a Supply for maintenance of the War with Scotland, before they had provided, ployed a^inst^^he"" ^"^ reliefe for the great and pressing Grievances of the people, which, being Scots. ° against the fundamental Priviledge and proceeding of Parliament, was yet, in hum- ble respect to his Majesty, so far admitted as that they agreed to take the matter of Supply into consideration, and two several days it was debated. Twelve Sub- sidies were demanded for the release of Ship-money alone ; A third day was appointed for Conclusion, when the Heads of that Party began to feare the people might close with the King in satisfying his desire of Money: But that,, withal, they were likely to blast their malicious designes against Scotland, finding them very much indisposed to give any countenance to that War. Thereupon they wickedly advised the King to break-off the Parlianient, and to return to the ways of Confusion, in which their owne evil intentions were most like to prosper and succeed. But dissolved it on After the Parliament ended the fifth of May, one thousand, six hundred, and the following 5th of forty, this Party grew so bold, as to counsel the King to Supply Himself out of ^^y'' His Subjects' estates by his own Power, at his own Will, without their consent. The very next day, some Members of both Houses had their Studies and Cabinets, yea their Pockets, searched : Another of them, not long after, was committed close prisoner, for hot delivering some Petitions which he received by authority of that House, and, if harsher courses were intended, ( as was reported) it is very probable that the sicknesse of the Earle of Strafford, and the Tumultuous rising in Southwarke, and about Lambeth, were the causes that such violeat intentioiis were APPENDIX. 247 "were not brought to execution. A false and scandalous Declaration against the Home- of Commons, was published in His Majestie's Name, which yet wrought little effect with the people,-but only to manifest the impudence of those who were Authors of it. A forced Loan of money was attempted in the City of London. The Lord Mayor and Aldermen, in their several Wards, were enjoined to bring- The King and the in a List of the Names of such persons as they iudged fit to lend, and of the?'^'"'!"'''^^'"'''^^"'''^ 1 ii>i. A 1 lAii r°i 1 .to make war upon sums they should lend. And such Aldermen as refused so to doe, were commit- the Scots. ted to prison. The Archbishop and the other Bishops and Clergie continued the Co^zt/ocaiz'on, The Convocation of and, bya new Commission, turned it to a Provincial- SynodAn which, by an unheard- Jhe Clergy contmued ■' r • 1 IV, • • I to Sit after the disso- ot presumption, they made Canons that contame m tnem many matters contrary lution of theParlia- to the King's Prerogative, to the fundamental Laws and Statutes of the Realme, ment, and made new to the right of Parliaments, to the Property and Liberty of the Subject, and q^"""^_° matters tending to sedition, and of dangerous consequence, thereby establishing their own Usurpations, justifying th^ir Altar-worship, and those other super- stitious Innovations, which they forrherly introduced without warrant of Law. They imposed a new Oath' upon divers of His Majestie's Subjects both^Ecc/eim^- tical and Lai/, for maintenance of their own Tyranny ; and laid a great Tax upon the Clergie for Supply of his Majesty ; and generally .they shewed themselves very affectionate to the War with Scot/and, which was, by some of them, styled Belliim Episcopale ; and a Prayer was composed, and enjoined to be read in all Churches, calling the Scots Rebels, to put the two Nations into blood., and make them irre- concileable. All those pretended Canons and Constitutions were armed with the several Censures of Suspension, Excommunicalion, and Deprivation, by which they would have thrust-out all the good Ministers, and most of the well-affected people of the Kingdome, and left an easy passage to their owne Designe of Reconciliation with Rome. The Popish party enjoined such Exemptions from the Penal Laws, as amounted to a Toleration, besides many other encouragements, and Court- favours : They had a Secretary of State, Sir Francis JVindibanh, a powerful Agent for the speeding of all ih&ir desires ; and a Pope's Nuntio, residing here, to act and governe them according to such influences as he received from Rome, and to inter- cede for them with the most powerful concurrence of the forreigne Princes of that Religion. By his authority the Papists of all sorts, ' Nobiluy, Gentry ani Clerey, „ \. A C. .u c n 1- / T • J- .• o-'' Dangerous mectin<;j were convocated aiter trie manner or a Parhament ; ne\v Jurisdictions were erected of the Papists by the of Romish Archbishops, Taxes levied, another .State moulded within this State, in- authority of the dependant in Government, contrary in inxeres' and affection, secretly corrupting °P^s^"n"°- iheJgnoVant, or negligent, professors of our Religion, and closely uniting and combining themselves against such as were sound ; in this posture waiting for an opportunitie by force to destroy those whom they could not hcpe to seduce. For the effecting whereof, they were streng' hend with Aicies .:ind Munition, encour^ .ged by superstitious Prayers, enjoined by the Nu7icio to be weekly made ror the protf.;enty 248 APPENDIX. prosperity of some great designe. And such power had they at Court, that secretly a Commission was issued-dut, intended to be issued to some great Men of that profession for the levying of Souldiers, and to command and employ them accord- ing to private Instructions, which, we doubt, were framed for the advantage of those who were the contrivers of them : His Majestie's Treasure was consumed, his Revenue anticipated, His Servants and Officers compelled to lend great sums of money ; Multitudes were called to the Council-Table, viho were tired with long attendance there, for refusing illegal payments. The Prisons were filled with their Commitments; many of the SheriiFs summoned into the Star- Chamber, and some imprisoned for not being quick enough in levying the Ship-money ; the peo - pie languished under grief and feare, no visible hope being left, but in desperation . The Nobility began to be weary of their silence and patience, and sensible of the duty and trust which belongs to them : and thereupon some of the most eminent of them did petition His Majesty at such a time, when evil Counsels were so strong that they had reason to expect more hazard to themselves than redresse of those publick evils for which they interceded. Whilest the Kingdom was in this agitation and distemper, the Scots,(-w\io were restrained in their trades, impoverished by the loss of many of their Ships, and bereaved of all possibility of satisfying His Majesty by any The Scots enter naked Supplication,) entered with a powerful Army into the Kingdom, and, (without England with an any hostile Act, or spoile, in the Country, as they passed, more than forcing a passage Army, and take pos- ^^gj. ^^ Tyne at Newbome neer Newcastle,') possessed themselves of Newcastle, and had a faire opportunitie to presse-on further upon the King's Army : But duty and reverence to. His Majesty, and brotherly love to the English Nation, made- them stay there: whereby the King had leisure to entertain better Counsels; where- in God so blessed and directed him, that he summoned the great Council of Peers to meet at Yorke^ upon the twenty-fourth of September, and there declared, a Par- The King then liament to begin the third of November then following. The Scots, the first day satio^n o/arm^"uh of th^ great Council, presented an humble Petition to His Majesty ; whereupon the the Scots, and called Treaty was appointed at Rippon, a present Cessation of Armes agreed-upon^ Sen'trwhich merat ^"'^ ^^^ ^"'^ Conclusion of all differences referred to the wisdome and care of the Westminster on the Parliament. At our first meeting all Oppositions seemed to vanish ^ the mischiefs sd^of November, \}exe SO evident, which those evil Counsellors had produced, that no Man durst stand*, up to defend them. Yet the worke itself afforded difficulty enough. The,i multi- plied evils and corruptibn of sixteene yeeres, strengthened by custome and authority, and the concurrent interest of many powerful Delinquents, were now to be brought to judgement and reformation. The King's Houshold was to be providedfor: they having brought him to that want that he could not supply his ordinary and ne- cessary expences, without the assistance of his people. Two Armies were to be payed, which amounted very neer to eighty thousand pounds a moneth '^ the peo-- ple were to be tenderly charged, having been formerly exhausted with many bur- thensome Projects. The difficulties seemed to be insuperable, which by the Divine Providence wee tiave overcome. The Contrarieties incompatible, which yet in a great measure we havt APPENDIX, ^49' have reconciled. Six Subsidies have been granted, and a Bill of Poll money, which, if it be duely levied, may equal six Subsidies more ; in all six hundred thou- sand pounds. Besides we have contracted a Debt to the Scots of 220 thousand pounds ; and yet God has so blessed the endeavours of this Parliament, that the Kingdom is a great gainer by all these charges. The Ship-money is abo- lished,, which cost the Kingdom above two hundred thousand pounds a-year, The Coat and Conduct-moneyj and other military charges, are taken-away. which, in many Countries, amounted to little lesse than the Ship-money. The Monopolies are all suppressed, whereof some few did prejudice the Subject, above a Million yearly. The Soap an hundred thousand pounds ; the Wine three hundred thousand pounds ; the Leather must needs exceed both : and Salt could be ho lesse than that; besides the inferiour MonopolieSj which, if they could be exactly computed^ would make up a great summe. That which is more beneficial than all this is, that the root of these evils is taken-away ; which was " the arbitrary power, pretended to be in his Majesty, of taxing the Subjects, or charging their estates, without consent in Parliament^" which is now declared to he against Law, by the Judgement of both Houses, and likewise by an Act of Parliament. Another step of great advantage is this; the living Grievances, the evil Counsel- lors and Actors of these mischiefs, have been so quelled, by the justice done upon the Earle of Strafford, the flight of the Lord Finch and Secretary ffindibank, the accusation and imprisonment of the Archbishop of Canterbury and of Judge Bartlet, and the impeachment of divers other Bishops and Judges, that it is like not onely to be an ease to the present times, but a preservation to the future.. The discontinuance of Parliaments is prevented by the Bill for a Triennial Parlia- ment ; and the abrupt dissolution of this Parliament is prevented by another KU -y by which it is provided, that it shall not be dissolved, or adjourned, without the consent of both Houses. Which two Laws, well-conslderedj may be thought more advantageous than all n. B. the former; because they secure a full operation of the present remedy, and afford a perpetual Spring of remedies for the future. The Star-chamber, the High-Commission, and the Court of the President and Council in the North, were so many forges of misery, oppression, and violence ; and are all taken-away : whereby men are more secured in their persons, liberties, and estates, than they could be by any Law, or Example, for the regulation of those Courts, or Terrour of the Judges. The immoderate power of the Council-Table, and the excessive abuse of that power, is so ordered and restrained, that we may well hope that no such things as were frequently done by them, to the prejudice of the publick liberty, will be known in future times any otherwise than by history, to give us and our posterity more occasion to praise God for His Majestie's goodness, and the faithful endeavours of this Parliament. The Canons, and the Canon-making, are blasted by the Vote of both Houses. The exorbitant power of Bishops, and their Courts, are much abated, by some Provisions in the Bill against the High Commission-Court. The Authors of the many Innovations in Doctrine and Ceremonies, and the Ministers that have been scandalous in their lives ; have been so terrified by just complaints and accusations, 2 K that &m APPENDIX. that we may well hope they will be more modest for the time to come ; either inwardly convicted by the sight of their own folly, or outwardly restrained by the fear of punishment. The Forests are, by a good Law, reduced to theii* right bounds ; The encroach- , ments and oppressions of the Slannarie Courts; The Extortions of the Clerke of the Market ; and the compulsion of the Subject to receive the Order of" Knighthood against his will, by paying of Fines for not receiving it, and the vexatious proceedings thereupon for levying of those Fines, are by otter beneficial Laws reformed and prevented Many excellent Lawes and provisions are in preparation for removing the inordi- nate power, vexation, and usurpation of Bishops ; for reforming the pride and idle- ness of many of the Clergie ; for easing the people of unnecessary Ceremonies in Religion-; for censuring and removing unworthy and unprofitable Ministers; and for maintaining godly and diligent Preachers through the Kingdom. Other things of main importance for the good of this Kingdom, are in proposi- tion, though little could hitherto be done in regard of the many other more pressing businesses ; which yet, before the end of ihis-Session, we hope, may receive some progress and perfection. The establishing^^ and ordering the King's Revenue, that so the abuse of Officers, and superfluity ofexpences, may be cut-off, and the necessary disbursements for his Majgstie's Honour, and the defence and government of the Kingdom, may be more certainly provided-for. The regulating of Courts of Justice, and abridging both the delays and ■charges of Law-suits; The settling, of some good courses for preventing the exportation of -Gold and Silver, and the inequality of exchanges betwixt us and other Nations ; for the advancing of native Commodities, the increase of our Manafactures, and the well-ballancing of Trade, whereby the Stock of the Kingdom may be increased, or, at least, kept from impairing, as, through neglect hereof, it hath done for many years last past : For improving the Herring-fishing upon our own Coasts ; which will be of mighty use in the employment of the poore, and a plentiful Nursery of Mariners for enabling the Kingdome in any great Action. The oppositions, obstructions, and other DifHculties, wherewith we have been en- countered,aiid which stiU lie in our way, with some strength and much obstinacy,are 3Q iheir woi-rofre- these.: The malignant Party (whom we have formerly described to be the Actors foriuatiori. and Promoters of all our misery) have taken heart again; They have been able to prefer .some endeavours, and onely of such (for which We give God thanks) for the Peace and happintsse of Our Kingdom (in which the prosperity of Our Subjects must be in- cluded,) that We wish from Our heart, that even Our most secret thoughts were published to their^-view and examination ; Though We must confesse We cannot but be very sorry in this conjuncture of time (when the unhappinesse of this King- dom is so generally understood abroad) that there should be such a necesatie of pub- ' lishing so many Particulars ; from viJiich, We pray, that no inconveniences may ensue, that were not intended. We shall j in few words, passe-over that part of the Narrative, wherein the Misfor- tunes of this Kingdom from Our first entering to the Grown, to the beginning of this Parliament,' are remembred in so sensible expressions ; And that other, which acknowledgeth iheinanygood Lawes passed by our Grace and Favour this Parlia- ment! for the Security-of Our people ; of which We shall only say thus much, That, as We have not refused to passe any Bill presented to Us by our Parliament, for redresse of those Grievances mentioned in the Remonstrance, so We have not lud a greater Motive for the, passing those Lawes than our own Resolution, (grounded APPENDIX. ^S9 (grounded upon Our Observation and understanding of the State of Our Kingdom)N to have freed Our Subjects^ for the future, from those Pressures which were, grievous to them, if those Laws had not been propounded : which therefore We shall as inviolably maintain as We look to have Our own Rights preserved ; not doubting but that all Our loving Subjects willlook-on those Remedies with that full gratitude and affection, that even the memory of what they have formerly undergone, by the Accidents and necessities of those times, will not be unpleasant to them. And possibly, in a pious sense of God's blessing upon this Nation (how little share soever We shall have of the acknowledgement,) they will confesse they have en- joyed a great measure of happinesse(even in these last sixteen yeeres) both in peace and plenty, not onely comparatively in respect of their Neighbours, but even of those times which were justly accounted Fortunate. The Feares and Jealousies which may make some impression in the mindes of Our People, We will suppose may be of two sorts; either for Religion, or for Liberty and their civil Interests. The Feares for Religion may haply be not only as Ours, here established^ may be invaded by the Romish partie, but as it is accom- panied with some Ceremonies, at which some tender Consciences really are, or pretend to be, scandalized: for of any other ceremonies which have been used with- out any legal Warrant, or injunction, and ahready are, or speedily may be, abolished. We shall not speake. Concerning Religion, as there may be some suspicion of favour, or inclination, to The King declares the Papists, We are willing to Declare ta.all the world. That, as, We have been, J^i'iselfo be sin- from Our childhood, brought- up in, and practised, the Religion now esta- attached to^the"pr»- blishtd in this Kingdom ; so it is well known, that We have (not contented simply testantHeligion after with the Principles of Our Education) given a good proportion of Our time and ^^t^on^^f ^^e™' paines to the examination of the grounds of this Religion, as i£ is different from ground? of it. that of Rome, and are, from Our soule, so fully satisfied and assured, that it is the most pure, and agreeable to the Sacred Word of God, of any Religion now prac- tised in the Christian world : That, as We believe that we can maintain the same by unanswerable reasons, so We hope We should readily seale to it by the effusion of Our Blood, if it pleased God to call us to that sacrifice. And therefore nothing can be so acceptable unto Us, as any proposition which may contribute to the ad- vancement of it here, or the propagation of it abroad, being the only means to draw- downe a blessing from God upon ourselves and this Nation. And We have been extremely unfortunate, if this profession of Ours be wanting to Our people : Our constant practice in our owne Person having alwayes been (without ostentation) as piuch to the evidence of Our care and duty herein, as We could possibly tell how to express. For differences amongst ourselves as to matters Indifferent in their own nature, concerning Religion, We shall, in tendernesse to any number of Our loving Subjects, veiy willingly comply with the advice of Our Parliament, that some Law may be niade for the exemption of tender consciences from punishment, or proseeution 2 L 2 . fo? fdQ APPENDIX. for such Ce^emoniesj and in such cases, which, by the judgement of most men, ai-e heldjto be matters indifferent, and, of softie, to be absolutely unlawful. Provided, that this case be attempted and pursued with that modesty, temper, and submission, that, in the mean time, the peace and quiet of the Kingdom be not disturbed, the decency and comelinesse of God's service discountenanced, nor the pious,sober, and devout actions of those Reverend Persons who were the first labourers in the blessed Re- formation, or of that time, be scandaled and defamed. For We cannot, without griefe of heart, and without some tax upon Our selfe» and Our Ministers, for the non- execution of Our Laws, look upon the bold Licence of some men, in Printing of Pamphlets, and in Preaching and Prmtisg of Sermons, so full of bitterness and pialice against the present Government, against the Laws established, so full of sedition against Ourself, and the peace of the Kingdom^ that We are many times amazed to consider by what Eyes these things are seen, and by what Ears they are heard : And, therefore, We have good cause to command, as We have done, and hereby do, all Our Judges and Ministers d£ Justice, Our Attorney and Solicitor. General, and the rest of Our learned Counsel, to proceed with all speed against such, and their Abefttots, who, either by writing, or words, have so boldly and maliciously violated the Laws, disturbed the peace o£ the Common-wealth, and, as much as in them lies, shaken the very foundation upon which that peace and happiness is founded and constituted. And we doubt not but all Our loving Subjects will be very sensible that this busie, virulent, demeanour, is a fit Pro- logue to nothing but confusion ; and, if not very seasonably punished and pie* Vented, will not only be a blemish to that wholesome accommodation We intend, but an unspeakable scandal and imputation, even upon the profession and ReUgioa of this Our Kingdom of England. Concerning the Civil Liberties and interest of Our Subjects, We shall need to say the less, having erected so many lasting Monuments of Our Princely and fatherly care of Our People, in those many excellent Lawes passed by Us in this Parliament 4 which, in truth, (with very much content to Ourself) We conceive to be so large and ample, that very many sober men have very little left to wish.for. We understood well'ifee Right, and pretences of Right, We departed from in the consenting to the Bills of the Triennial Parliament and for the continuance of this present Parliament, and in the preamble to the Bill of Tonnage and Poundage; the matter of which (having begot so many disturbances in late Paarlia'ments,) We were willing to remove, that no interest of Ours might hereafter break that cor- respondence i abundantly contenting Ourself with an Assurance (which We still have) that We should be repaired and supplied by a just proportion of confidence, bounty, and obedience, of Our people. In the Bilh for the taking-away the High^ Commission and Star-Ghamber Courts, We believed We had given that real s^s- faction, that all jealousies and apprehensions of Arbitrary pressures under the Civil or Eisclesiastical state, would easily Jiave been abandoned, especially when ithey saw all pos^le doubts secured by the visitation of a Triennial Parliament. These, and others of ao caean coasideration» We had rather should -be valued in APPENDIX. 261 in the hearts and affections of Our people, than in any mention of Our own, not doubting, but that, as We have taken all these occasions to render th^eir condition most.coHifortable and happy, so they will always, in a grateful and dutiful relatfon, be ready, with equal tenderness and alacrity, to advance Our Rights, and preserve Our Honour, upon which their own security and subsistence so much depends. And We will be so careful, that no particular shall be presented unto Us for the compleating and establishing that security, to which We will not, with the same readiness, contribute Our best assistance. If these resolutions be the effects of Our present Counsels, (and We take God to witness that they are such, and that all Our loving Subjects may confidently expect the benefit of them from Us,) certainly no ill design upon the Publick can accompany such Resolutions, neither will there be greater cause of suspicion of any Persons preferred by Us to degrees of Honour, and places of trust and employment, since this Parliament ; and, We must confess, that, amongst Our mis- fortunes, we reckon it not the least. That, having not retained in Our Service, nor protected, any one Person, against whom Our Parliament hath excepted, during the ^hole sitting of it, and having, in all that time, scarce vouchsafed to any man an in- stance of Out Grace and Favour, but to such who were under some eminent Charac- ter of Estimation amongst Our people, there should so soon be any misunderstand- ing, or jealousie of their fidelity and uprightness, especially in a time when We take all occasions to declare. That We conceive Ourself only capable of being served by honest Men, and in honest ways. However, if, in truth. We have been mistaken in such Our election of our publick servants, the particulars shall be no sooner discovered to Us, either by Our own observation, or other certain infor- mation, than We wi'l leave them to Publick Justice, under the marks of Our displeasure. If, notwithstanding this, any malignant Party shall take heart, and be willing to sacrifice the Peace and Happiness of their Country to their own sinister ends and ambitions, under what pretence of Religion and Conscience soever ;— If they shall endeavour to lessen Our Reputation and Interest, and to weaken Our lawful Power and Authority with our good Subjects ; — if they shall go-about, by discoun- tenancing the present Laws, to loosen the Bonds of Government, that all disorder and confusion may break-in upon Us; — We doubt not, but God, in his good time, will discover them unto Us ; and the wisdome and courage of Our High-Court ef Parliament will join with Us in their suppression and punishment. Having now said all that We can, to expresse the clearness and uprightness of Our Intentions to Our people, and done all We can to manifest those Intentions, We cannot but confidently believe that all Our good Subjects will acknowledge Our part to be fully performed, both in deeds past, and in present Resolutions to do what- soever, with Justice, may be required of Us, and that tneir quiet and prosperity depends now wholly upon themselves, and is in their own power, by yielding all obedience and due reverence to the Law, which is the inheritance of every subject, and the only security he can have for his Life;, Liberty, or Estate j and .the which ' being 262 APPENDIX. being neglected, or dis-esteemed, (under what specious shews soever) a great mea- sure of infelicity, if not an irreparable confusion, must, without doubt, fall upon them. And, We doubt not, it will be the most acceptable Declaration a King can make to His Subjects, that, for Our part. We are resolved not only duly to observe the Laws of Ourself, but to maintain them against what opposition soever, though with the hazard of Our being. And Our hope is, that not only the Loyalty and good Affections of all Our loving Subjects will concur with Us in the constant preserving a good understand- ing between Us and Our people ; but, at this time, their own, and Our, interest, and compassion of the lamentable condition of Our poor Protestant Subjects in. Ireland^ reliev^ing^hrdistres- ^'^^ invite them to a faire intelligence and unity amongst themselves, that so We sed Protestants of may, with one heart, intend, the relieving and recovering that unhappy Kingdom^. ^ ^ ' where those barbarous Rebels practice such inhumane and unheard-of Outrages upon Our miserable people, that no Christian ear can hear without horrour, nor any story parallel. And, as we look upon this as the greatest affliction it hath pleased God to lay upon Us^so Our unhappiness is encreased, in that, by the distempers at home, so early remedies have not been applied to those growing evils as the^ ex- pectation and necessity there requires; though, for Our part, as We did, upon the first notice, acquaint Our Parliament of Scotland (where We then were) with that Rebellion, requiring their aid and assistance ; and gave like speedy intimation, and recommendation to Our Parliament here ;, so,, since Our return hither,. We have been forward to all things which have been proposed to Us towards that work, and have lately Ourself offered (by a Message to Our House of Peers, and com- municated to Our House of Commons) to take upon Us the care to raise speedily ten thousand English Volunteers for that service, if the House of Commons shall declare, that they will pay them ; which particulars We are (in a manner ) neces- sitated to publish, since. We are inJbrmed, that the malice of some persons hath whispered it abroad, That- the no speedier advancing of this business hath, pra- ceeded from some want of alacrity in Us to this great work ; whereas We acknow- ledge it would be a high crime against Almighty God, and inexcusable to Our good Subjects of Our three Kingdoms, if We did not, to the utmost, employ aJl Out powers and faculties, to the speediest and most effectual assistance and protection of that distressed people, Aad We shall now conjure all Our good Subjects (of what degree soever) bj; all the Bends of Love, Duty, or Obedience, that are precious to good men, to jcMn with Us for the Recovery of the Peace of that Kinj;dom. and the preservation of the Peace of this, to remove all their Doubts and Fears, which may interrupt their affection to Us,, and all their Jealousies and apprehensions, which may lessen their Charity to each other: and then (if the sins of this JNation hdve not prepared, an inevitable Judgement for us all) God will yet make Us a Great and glorious King over a Free and Happy People. * * This Declaration of Ihe King to his subjects, in answer to the foregoing grand Remonstrance, ot Declaration, of the House of Commons,, is generally supposeii to have beeu diHuu-upb} Mr. Edward Hjfde, who was afterwards Lord Chancellor of Eogland and Earl of Clarei.dou A CoMMOliI 'A P P EN D 1 X, '2Q3 •A'CoMMON Cqvncil held at Guildhall, in the City o/Londdn., the Slst of December, 164]. Commune Concilium tentum in Camera Guild-hall, Civitatis Londoniae, tr-icesimo prima oft'e Decembris 1641, post meridiem, Anno Regni Domini JSostri Caroli, 'nunc Eegis Angliae, &c. decimo seplimo, coram Ricardo Gurney, Milite et Baro- netto, Majore CivitatL Londonias, Thoma Gardiner, Milite, ejusdem Civitatis Recordatore, Ed. Bromfield, Milite, et Ed. Wright, Milite, et Aldermanno dictte "Civ'hatis,'Johaune CordeH, Milite, Johainne Ga.yer, Milite, Jacobo Garrad, Miltte, ac Aldermanno, Thoma Atkin, Aldermanno, Johanne Wallaston, Milite et Alder- manno, Thoma Adams, Johanne Warner, Johanna Towse, Abrahamo Reynardson, ^t Thoma Austin, pnadicf^ Civitatis Aldermannis, ac Georgio Garret et Georgio Clark, Militibus et j4ldermannis ac Picecomitibus Civitatis prcedictce, nee non majore parte Conciliariorum de Communi Concilio ejusdem Civitatis, tunc et ibidem assem- . Hat arum. AT this Common-Council Master Recorder declared. That, by the direction of the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, he was to signifie to them the cause of their now Assembling, how that his Lordship had yesterday received a Letter from Sir Edward Nicholas, Knight, one of His Majestie's principal Secretaries, intimating that it was His Majestie's pleasure, that his Lordship should call a Common-Council against this time, and th^ his Lordship should be advertised - of His Majestie's further pleasure : And that there was now at this present. in the Council-Chamber an honourable person, being the Lord Newburgk, Chancellour of His Majestie's Court of the Dutchy, and one of His Majestie's most honourable Privy-Council» come hither to deliver His Majestie's Messsage, or Request, to this Court : And thereupon the Right Honourable the Lord Neiuburgh was desired to come into this Court, who, being here, declared and said in this manner; " Gentlemen, His Majesty, out of His good affection towards the City, and acknowledging of your great loves lately shewed unto His Highnesse, hath sent me on a Message unto you," assuring it to be -tne same contained in a Paper, which he presented and de- sired to be read to this Common- Council, which was accordingly done, the tenour whereof follow eth in these words, viz." There having been of late many tumultuary and riotous Aisemhlies oj peop.le about Our Palaces o/" White-hall a«^ Westminster, to the great disturbance of Us. and Our Parliament : and We having received informa- tion, that some ill-affected persons do still endeavour to incite the like tumults again. We -have thought fit to- recommend to your especial care the prevent' ing them, as' far as in you lies, especially during the ensuing Holidays, at which time the idlenesse of many may make them apter to such disorders. We I have thought fit likewise to let you know, that We are so well-assured of the good 26* APPENDIX. good affections of our City of London, by the great expressions which it hath made unto Us of late, that We can in no wise understand it to have any share in the fault of these tumults and distempers ^ but that they proceed meerlyfrom the mean, unruly, people of the Suburbs. And, as We are most confident of the hearts and good affections of Our Citie of luOnAon towards Us and Our Government, and will not entertain any other opinion ; so We do desire them not to be disturbed by any jealousies that ill-affected persons may endeavour to sowe, but to rest most confident and assured, that the safe tie, the protection, and the prosperity of the City, shall ever be with Us a principal care. After the reading of which most gracious Message, whereby is fully manifested and expressed His Majestie's gracious goodnesse and great care for the safety and prosperity of this City (the Lord Newburgh having withdrawn himself,) this Com- mon-Council tooke the same into their serious consideration, and how for the pre- sent to return, by this Honourable person, unto His Majesty an answer with all hu- mility and thankfulness; And, after much debate, it was fully agreed and resolved-of by this Common-Council, That, in the first place, should be returned and rendered unto His Majestic from this Common- Council, as the Representative Body of the •whole City, their humble duty in all thankful manner, for His goodnesse and gra- cious love and care manifested to this City. Secondly, that it should besignified unto His Majesty, that neitherThis Court, nor any particular member thereof, hath had any hand in these Tumultuous and Riotous proceedings, and that they, and every of them, do disavow and disclaime the same. Thirdly, That it may be likewise signified, That this Court (as the Representa- tive Body of the whole City) doth promise from hence-forth their best endeavours to prevent and suppresse in time to come (as far as in them lyeth), all such, or the like, TumultuousAssemblies, and all Mutinous and Rebellious persons. And lastly. That the humble desire of this Court may be presented unto His Majesty, to be graciously pleased, that all the Delinquents and causers of these Tumults, whatsoever they be, being apprehended, may be brought into examma-- tion, and receive condigne punishment according to the Law« And these foure things thus agreed upon, were, by direction of this Common- Council, here openly declared and delivered, by the mouth of Master Recorder, unto that Honourable Person, the Lord Newburgh, here present, with desire that the same should be, by his Lordship, accordingly presented unto His Majesty j the which he promised to perform with trust. And afterwards this Court entred into further consultation and debate, touching the tumultuous and riotous Assemblies lately spread, night and day, in several parts of this City, to the great trouble and afFrightment of His Majestie's good Subjects, and also touching the great neglect of ihat due respect which ought to be given by the APPENDIX. 365 the Inhabitants of this City, to the several Precepts lately issued-out by my Lord: Mayor for a continual Watch and Ward day and night, for prevention and suppres- sion of such Tumults and Distempers. And likewise touching the great neglect in appearance of the Trained Bands of this City to their Colours at the beat of the Drum, especially in these times of dan- ger, iti contempt of Authority, being a matter of exceeding great consequence, and ■ not fit to be suffered. And thereupon this Common Council, taking much to heart, that such disobedience should grow and be found in the Inhabitants of this City, to the great disrespect of Magistracy and contempt of Government ; And that such Disorders and Tumultuary Assemblies should be permitted in such a City as this, (formerly famous for the good and qyiet Government thereof,) hath thought it very expedient and Behoveful, for redresse and remedy to be had in these abuses, (being not fit to be any longer endured,) That every Member of this Commou-Council, npw_ assembled, shall, in their several Precincts, spread it abroad, and make it known. That, if any person, or persons, shall from henceforth neglect his dqty and: service to be performed, as aforesaid, and shall not doe his best endeavour to suppresse, or prevent, any Tumults or Riotous Assemblies, that shall hereafter be attempted within this City, or Liberties thereof, that then he, or they, offending shall receive condigne punishment, according to his or their demerits. And it is further thought fit, and so agreed by this Common-Gouncil, that my Lord Mayor may send-out his Precepts in such manner, and to such purpose, as his Lordship, and his Brethren the Aldermen, shall think fit, for Watch and Ward, raising of Arms, or otherwise, for the safety and preservation of this City ; to which this Court, and all the Members thereof, promise all due and cheerful obe- dience. His Majestie's Message, sent by ^Ae.Zord Chamberlain (* the House o/Teeiis, the ^28th of December, 1641. HIS Majestle, being very sensible of the great Miseries and Distresses of His Subr jects in the kingdom of Ireland, which go daily increasing so fast, and the Blood which hath been already spilt by the crueltie and barbarousness of those Rebels, crying-out so loud; and, perceiving how slowly the Succours designed thither go-, on. His Majesty hath thought fit to let your Lordships know, and desires you to, acquaint the House of Commons therewith,, That His Majestic will take care, that by Commission which He shall grant, ten thousand English Voluntiers shall be speedily raised for that Service, if so the House of Commons shall' declare that they will pay them. ^ 2 m By 266 APPENDIX. A Proclarnation against the Irish Rebels, January 1, 1641-42. By the KING. - WHEREAS divers lewd and wicked persons have, of late, risen in Rebellion in Our Kingdom of Ireland, surprised divers of Our Forts and Castles, and possessed themselves thereof; surprised some of our Garrisons; possessed themselves of some of Our Magazines of Arms and Munition ; dispossessed many of Our good and loyal Subjects of the British Nation, and Protestants, of their Houses and Lands ; robbed and spoiled many thousands of Our good Subjects of the British Nation, and Protestants, of their goods, to great values ; massacred multi- tudes of them, imprisoned many others, and some who have the honour to serve Us as privie Councillours of that Our Kingdom : We therefore, having taken the same into -Our Royal consideration, and abhorring the wicked disloyaltie and horrible acts committed by those persons, do hereby, not only declare Our just indignation thereof, but also do declare them and their Adherents, and Abettors, and all those who shall hereafter join with them, or commit the like acts on any of Our good Subjects in that Kingdom, to be Rebels and Traitors against Our Royal Person, and enemies to Our Royal Crown of England and Ireland. And we do hereby strictly charge and command all those persons, who have so presumed to rise in Arms against Us and our Royal authority (which We cannot otherwise interpret than as Acts of high Rebellion and detestable disloyaltie, when therein they spoil and destroy our good and Loyal Subjects of the British Nation, and Protestants) That they immediately lay-down their Arms, and forbear all fur- ther Acts of Hostility ; wherein if they fail.e, V/e do let them know. That We havfi authorised Our Justices of Ireland, and other Our chief Goverbour or Govenours and General, or Lieutenant-General, of Our Army there; And do hereby accord- ingly require and authorise them, and every-of them, to prosecute the said Rebels and Traitours, with fire and sword, as persons who, by their disloyalty against Us their lawful and undoubted King and Sovereign, have made themselves unworthy of any mercy or favour : wherein Our said Justices, or other chief Governour, or Gover- nours, and General or Lieutenant-General of Our said Army, shalLbe countenanced and supported by Us and by Our powerfull succours of Our good Subjects of Ens- land and Scotland, that so they may reduce to obedience those wicked disturbers of that Peace, which, by the blessing of God, that Kingdom hath so long and so happily enjoyed, under the government of Our Royal father and Us. And this Our Royal pleasure, We do hereby require Our Justices, or other chief Governour or Governours, of that Our Kingdom of Ireland, to cause to be published and proclaim- ed, in and throughout Our said Kingdom of Ireland. Given under Our Signet, at Our Palace at Westminster, the first day of January, in the seventeenth yeer of Our Reign, i641*. God save the King. Articles * This date is more than two months after the 93d of October, 1641, when the Irish rebellion and massacre began. And it is remarkable, that with this Proclamation, a warrant signed by Secretarv Nicho- la., A P P E N D»l X. Articles of High Treason, a7id other Misdaneanours, against the Lord Ki'iMBOLTOisr, Mr. Pym, John Hampden, Denzill Hol- Lis, &> /Vrtuue Hasl'j.rig, and William Si kode, being ail Members of the House of Commons. 1. THAT they have traiterously endeavoured to subvert the Fundamental' Lawes and Government of this Kangdome, and deprive the King of his Legall power, and to place on Subjects an arbitrary and tyrannical power. 2. That they have endeavoured, by many foule aspersions upon his Majesty and his Government, to alienate the affections of his people^ and to make his Majesty odious to them^ 3. That they have endeavoured to draw his Majestie's late Army to disobedience to his Majestie's command, and to side with them in their Trayterous design. 4. That they have Trayterously invited and encouraged a foreign power to in- vade his Majestie's Kingdome of England. 5. That they have Traiterously endeavoured to Subvert the very Rights and Beings of Parliaments. 6. That, for the compleating of their Tralterous designs, they have endeavoured, as far as in them lay, by force and terror, to compel the Parliament to join with them in their Traiterous designs, and to that end, have actually raised and coun- tenanced Tumults against the King and Parliament. 7. That they have Traiterously conspired to Levy, and actually have Levied, war against the King. Die Luna, 3 Janiiar. l64L IT is this day ordered upon the question, by the Commons House of Parlia- ment, That, if any persons whatsoever, shall come to the Lodgings of any Mem= ber of this House, and there do offer to Seal the Trunks, Doors, or Papers of any Members of this House, or to seize upon their persons ; That then such Members should require the aid of the Constable, to keep such Persons in safe custody, till this House do give further Order. And this House doth further declare, That, if any person whatsoever, shall offer to arrest, or detain, the person of any Member of this House, without first acquainting this House therewith, and receiving further Order from this House ; That it is lawful for such Member, or any person willing to assist him, to stand upon his, and their, guard of defence, and to make resistance, according to the Protestation taken to defend the Priviledges of Parliament. H. Elsynge, Cltr. Pari. D. Com. las, was sent to the Printer, importing, " That it was His Majesties Pleasure he should forthwith print, on good Paper, forty copies of the same for the King's use, and that no more be printed, tilt his Pleasure be further notified. See RushwortKs Historical Collections abridged, Vol. IV. page 234. 2 M 2 • His 267 268 AP p ETSi i>ix. His Majestie's Speech in the ttouse of CoMMbii's, Jan. 4, 1641. Gentlemen, I AM sorry for this occasion of coining unto you : yesterday 1 sent a Sergeant at Arms upon a very important occasion, to apprehend some thatj by my command, "^Were accused of High Treason, whereunto I did expect Obedience, and not a Message. And I must declare unto you here, that, albeit no King that ever was in England, shall be more careful of your Priviledges, to maintain them to thfe uttermost of his power, than • I shall be ; yet you must know, that in cases of Treason, no person hath a priviledge; and therefore I am come to knov/, if any of those persons, that were accused, ate here. For I must tell yop. Gentlemen, that, so long as those persons'that I have accused (for no slight crime, but for Treason) •are here, I cannot expect that this House can be in the right way that I do heartily wish it : Therefore I am come to tell you, that I must "have them, wheresoever I '» • '41-43. you;" and they not suffering the said door, according to the custome of Parliament, to be shut, but saying they would have the doore open, and, if any opposition were made against them, they made no question, but they should make their party good, and that they would maintain their party ; and, when several Members of the House of Commons were coming into the House, their Attendants desiring that Room might be made for them, some of the said Souldiers answered, A Pox of them, " God confoimd them," and others said, " A Pox take the Plouse of Commons, let them •come and be hanged ; what an a-do is here with the House of Commons ?" and some of the said Souldiers did likewise violently assault and, by force, disarme, some of the Attendants and Servants of the Members of the House of Commons, waiting in the Roome next the said House ; and, upon the King's return out of the said House, many of them, by wicked Oaths, and otherwise, expressed much discon- tent, that some members of the said House", for whom they came, were not therej and others-of them said, " When comes the word ?" and, no word b^ing given at his Majestie's coming-out, they cryed " A lane, a lane." Afterwards some of them, being demanded, what they thought the said company intended to have done, answered,' " That, questionlesse, in the posture they were set, if the word had been given, they N. B. should have fallen upon the House of Commons, and have cut all their throats." 'Upon all which we are of opinion, that it is sufficiently proved, that the coming of the said- Souldiers, Papists, and others with his Majesty to the House of Com- mons, on Tuesday last, being the fourth of this instant January, in the manner aforesaid, was to take-away sqme of the Members of the said House ; and, if they should have found opposition or denial, then to have fallen upon the said House in ahostile manner : And we do hereby declare, that the-same was a traiterous designe -against the King and Parliament. And, whereas the said Master Hollis, Sir Arthur Haderigge, Master Pym, Mz-^ier Hampden, and Master .SiyWe, upon report of ■xhe coming of the said Souldiers, Papists, and others, in the warlike and hostile manner aforesaid, did, vvith the approbation of the House, absent themselves from the service of the House, for avoiding the great and many inconveniences, \\hich otherwise apparently might have happened : Since which time, a Printed Paper, in the form of a Proclamation, bearing date the sixth day of this instant January, hath is- sued-out for the apprehending and imprisoning of them ; Therein suggesting, that^ through the conscience of their owne guilt, they were absent and fled, not willing to submit themselves to Justice ; We do further declare, that the said Printed Paper is false, scandalous, and illegal, and that, notwithstanding the said Printed Paper^ or any 272 APPENDIX. any Warrant issued-out, or any other matter yet appearing against' them,, or any of them, they may and ought to attend the service of the said House of Commohsv and the several Committees now on foot. And that it is lawful for all persons whatsoever tg lodge, harbour, or converse with them, or any of them : And who^ soever shall be questioned for the same, shall be under the protection and priviledge of Parliament. And we do further declare, That the publishing of several Articles, purporting a form of a charge of high Treason, against the Lord Kymbolton, one of the Mem- bers of the Lord's House, and against the said Master Hollis, Sir Arthur Hasle- rigge. Master Pym, Master Hampden, and Master Strode, by Sir. fVilUajn Killigrew, Sir JVilliam Flemen, and others in the Innes of Court, ^ and elsewhere, in thtt King's Name, was a high Breach of the Priviledge of Parliament, a great scandal to his Majesty and his Government : A seditious Act, manifestly tending to the subversion of the Peace of the Kingdome, and an injury and dishonour to the said Members, there being no legal charge, or accusation, against them. That the privileges of Parhament,, and the Liberties of the Subject, so violated and broken, cannot be fully and sufficiently vindicated, unlesse his Majesty will be graciously pleased to discover the names of those persons, who advised his Ma- jesty to issue-out Warrants for the sealing of the Chambers and Studies of the said Members, to send a Serjeant at Arms to the House of Commons, to demand their said Members, to issue-out several Warrants under his Majestie's own hand, to apprehend the said Members ; His Majestie's coming thither in his own Royal JPerson ; The publishing of the said Articles, and Printed Paper, in. the forme of a Proclama Popery, and the mayntenance thereof; as also, all propension and inclination to any malignant party, or any other side, or party, whatsoever, to the which their own Reasons and Consciences shall not move them to adhere. But, whereas they have been at several times violently Me9aced, Affrpnted, and Assaulted, by multitudes of people, in their coming to performe their Services in that Honourable House ; and lately chased-away, and put in danger of their lives;, and can find no redreese, or protection, upon sundry compldnts made to both Houses in these particulars. They likewise humbly protest before your Majesty, and the Noble House of Peers, That, saving unto themselves, all their Rights and Interests of Sitting and Voting in that House at other times^ they dare not Sit, or Vote, in the House of Peers, until your Majesty shall further secure them from all Affronts, Indigiiitipsj^ and dangers in the premisses. Lastly, Whereas their fears are not built upon Phantasies and Conceits, but upon such Grounds and Objects, as may well terrifie men of good Resolutions, and much Constancy : They do, in all duty and humility, protest before your Majesty, and the Peer^ of that most Honourable House of Parliament, against all Laws, Orders, Votes, Resolutions, and Determinations, as in themselves Null, and of none eflFect ; which in their absence, since the 27th of this instant Moneth oi December, 1641, have already passed ; as, likewise, against all such as shall , hereafter passe in that most Honourable House, during the time of this their forced- and violent absence from the said most Honovirable House ; not denying, but, if their absenting of themselves were -vrilfiil and voluntary, that most Honourable 3 }i House 1^74: APPENDIX. House might proceed in all these premises, their absence, or this their Protestation notwithstanding. And htimbly beseeching ybu"r Most Excellent Majesty to command the Clerk of that House of Peers, to enter this their Petition and Protestation amongst his Re- cords. They will ever pray to God so blesse and preserve, &c. ^0. Eborac, Thomas Duresme, Robert Co. Lich, Jos. Norwich, Jo. Asaphen, Quil. Ba. fef Wels, Geo. Hereford, Rob. OjKon, JWa. Ely, Godfr. Glouc, Jo.Feler- burg, Mor. Llandaff. Vera Copia Jo. Brown Cleric. Parliament. THE House of Lords was pleased on the thirtieth of December, to send a Mes- sage to the House of Cortimons, by "Sir John, Banks, and Judge Reeves, to desire a present Conference, by a Committee of both'Hoases touching matters of danger- ous and high consequence. , I And at the Conference, the Lord-Keeper, in the name of the House of Peers, delivered as followeth : That this Petition and Protestation of the twelve Bishops, containing matters of high and dangerous Consequence, aiid such as piy Lords are very sensible of, and such as require a speedy, and sudejen"- Resolution ; it extending to the deep en- trenching upon the Fundamental Priviledges and Being of Parliam^t:; Therefore the Lords have' thought fit that this matter, concerning the whole Parli^ament, may be communicated to the House of 'Commons.; it being a thing of so ,great;and so general Concernment. This being thus communicated to the House of Commons, they came to this Resolution, To accuse these twelve Bishops of high Treason, for endeavouring to subvert the fundamentalLaws and Being of Parliaments. ,. : And Master Glyri was ordered to' goe to the Lords, and at their Bar, in tl^e,name of the House of Commons, and all the Commons oi England, To accuse these 12 Prelates of high Treason for endeavouring to subvert the Fundamental Laws of the Realfn," and the very Being of Parliaments, manifested by Preferring that Pe- tition arid Protestation ; 'And to desire the Lords that they may be forthwith se- questred "from Parliarnerit, and put into safe Custody ; and that their Lordships would appoint a speedy day for the Commons to charge thern, and for them to answer : for that the Commons were ready to make good their Charge. He was further ordered to give "the Lords thanks for communicating this Petition, with so much affection~and speed, anfd for expressing their sense thereof. After Master Glyn had delivered this at the Bar, theX.ords sent the Black Rod instantly, ' to find-out these Bishops, and apprehend them; and by eight of the clock at night, they were all taken, aiid brought upon their knees to tiie Bar, and ten APPENDIX. ^75 ten of them committed to the Tower ; and two (in regard of their Age, and indeed of the worthy parts of one of them, the learned Bishop of Durham) were com- mitted to the Black Rod. A Propositipn or Message, sent the 3\st. of December ^ l641, to Bis, Majestie, • Bi/ the House of Commons, /or a Guard. Most gracious Sovereign, WE are sent by the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses of the House of Com- mons, your faithful and loyal Subjects (who are ready to lay-downe their lives and fortunes, and spend the last drop of their blood, to maintaine your Crowne and Royal Person, in greatnesse and glory, and do, by us, cast themselves downe at your Royal feet,) to present unto your Majestie their humble desires, upon their great apprehensions, and just fears, of mischievous designes and practises, to ruin and destroy them. There have been several attempts heretofore to bring destruction upon their whole Body at once, and threats and menaces against particular persons. There is a malignant party bitterly envenomed against them, daily gathering strength and confidence, and now come to such height as they have given boldnesseto some to imbrue their hands in the blood of your Subjects, in the face, and at the doors of the Parliament, and at your Majestie's own gates, and have given-out insolent and menacing speeches against the Parliament itselfe. This causeth great distrac- tions among the people in general, and much feare and apprehension in the House of Commons ; That they conceive they cannot, with the safetie of their persons, (upon which the safetie and peace of the whole Kingdome doth now depend, ) sit any longer unarmed and unguarded', as they are. They have therefore their re- course unto your Majestie, most humbly beseeching you, that it may stand with your good liking, if they provide for their own safetie, which the very law of Nature and Reason doth allow unto them ; It is their humble desire, that they may have a Guard out of the City of London, commanded by the Earle of Essex; Lord Chamberlaine of your Majestie's Houshold, of whose fidehty to your Majestie, and the Commonwealth, they have had long experience. By this, your Majestie's Grace and Favour, you will remove their fears, fill them with comfort and assur.- ance', and enable them to serve your Majesty in such a way as shall render your Majesty and your Government happy and glorious. And to this they do most humbly desire your Majestie's gracious and speedy Answer, because their safetie, and the safetie of the whole Kingdome, depends upon it, and will not admit of any delay. 2 N 2 His 276 APPENDIX. His Majestie's Answer to the Message, or Proposition, sent the last of December past, by the House of Commons, for a Guard. WE have taken the last Message from you, touching your desire of a Guard, into serious consideration, and truly with great grief of heart [that, after a whole yeers sitting of this Parliament, wherein you have obtained those things, for the happinesse and security of yourselves, and the rest df Our Subjects, as no age can equal) instead of reaping in Peace and tran- quility the fruits of your Labours, and of Our Grace and affection to Our People, We should findefealousies, Distrusts, and Fears, still so firevalent amongst you, as to induce you to declare them unto Us in so high a measure as you have done at this time. We are wholly ignorant of the Grounds of your Apprehensions: but this We do Protest before Almighty God, (to whom We must be accountable for- those whom he hath intrusted to Our care and Protection^ that had we any knowledge, or belief, of the least design in any^ of Violence, either for~ ■merly, or .at this time, against you. We -would pursue them to conaigm punishment, with the same severity and detestation, that We would do the greatest attempt upon Our Crown. We know the duty of that place where God hath set Us, the Protection We owe to all Our Loyal Subjects, and most Jiarticularly to you, called to Our Service by Our Writs ; And We Ho engage unto you solemnly the word of aiding. That the security of all and every one of you from violence, is, and shall ever be, as much Our care, as the Preservation of Us and'Our Children. And, if this general Assurance shall not suffice to remove your Apprehen* sions. We will command such a Guard to wait upon you, as We will be responsible for to Him, who hath encharged Us with the Safetie and Pro- tection of Our Subjects. Whitehall, 3d Jan. 1641. To the King's Most Excellent Majesty. The humble Petition of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commof Council, of the City of IjOTSdots . MAY it please Your Most Excellent Majesty ; The often expressions of Your most gracious acceptance of the manifestation of the Petitioners duty and loyalty, and the frequent Declarations of Your Majestie's^^reat care of the good and welfare ■of APPENDIX. 277 of this City, and of the true Protestant Religion, and of protecting and preserv- ing the Persons and Priviledgess of your great Councill, assembled in the High Hen. Elsing, Cler, Pari. Dom. Com* To the King's Most Excellent Majesty, The humble Petition of the Lords and Commo.ns assembled in Par-, LIAMENT. Most gracious Sovereign, THE present Evils and Calamities, wherewith your Kingdomes are most mise- rably entangled, the imminent dangers which threaten your Royal Person, and all your People, have caused us, your most faithful and obedient Subjects, the Lords and Commons in this present Parliament, with thankfulnesse to entertaine, and with all earnestnesse of affection and endeavour, to pursue the gracious Proposition and Direction, which, not long since, we have received from your Majesty ; And we have thereupon taken into our most serious consideration, the ways and means of securing the safety of your Royal Person, Preserving the Honour and Authority 2 p 2 of 2&^ APPENDIX. ^f your Crowne, Removing all Jealousies betwixt your Majesty and your Pebplft, -Suppressing the Rebellion in Ireland, Preventing the Fears and Dangers in this •Kingdome, and the mischievous Designs of those who are Enemies to the Peace of it. And that we may with more Comfort and Security, accomplish our duties herein, we most humbly beseech your Majesty, That you will be pleased forth- with, to put the Tower of London, and all other Forts, and the whole Militia of the Kingdome, into the hands of such Persons as shall be recommenc^ed unto your IMajesty by both Houses of Parliament, which they assure themselves will be a hopeful entrance into those Courses, which, (through God's blessing,) shall be effectual for the removing all diffidence and mis-apprehension, betwixt. your Ma- jesty and your People, and for Establishing and Enlarging the Honour, Greatnesse, and Power of your Majesty and Royal Posterity, and for the restoring and con- "firming the Peace and Happinesse of your loyal Subjects, iii all your Dominions. And to this our most necessary Petition, we in all humility expect your Majestie's speedy and gracious Answer, the great' Distractions and Distempers of the King- dome not admitting any delay. To MeKiNG's Most Excellent Majesty. 'The humble Petition of the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament. Sheweth, THAT whereas your Majestie, by a Message sent to both Houses of Parliament, signified an Apprehension of some Treasonable matter, to have-been oommitted by the ' Lord Kymbolton, Master Hollii, Sir Arthur Haslerigg, Master Pym, Master Hampden, and Master Strode; and thereby declared your Majestie's in- tention to proceed against them in an unquestionable way : We the Lords and ' Commons in this present Parliament assembled, did make our humble Petition to your Majesty, to beseech your Majesty to give directions, that your Parliament might be informed, befote Tuesday then next ensuing, what proofe there was against them, that accordingly there might be a Legal and Parliamentary proceed- ing against them, whereby they might be brought to condigne punishment, if guilty ; or discharged from so heavy an Accusation, if innocent ; Arid whereas your Majesty was graciously pleased, in Answer to that Petition, to expresse Your good approbation of the desire of both Houses, for the speedy proceeding against the Persons in that Petition mentioned ;. yet your Majesty gave no other satisfaction to their desire than this, That Your Majestie held it necessary, lesta new mistake should breed more delays, " that it should be resolved, whether your ■Majesty were bound, in respect of Priviledges, to proceed against them by im- 'peachmentin that Parliament, or to be left at liberty to prefer an Indictment at4:he ^-Gemmun Law, in the usual way^ or to have your choice of either ;" and wefuidiijg stillj A'P P E N D I X. 239 Still, that thete is no Legal Parliamentary proceeding against them, and that they st-HNie under the burden of that high Charge, We think it our duty, once again to beseech your Majesty to give directions, that your Parliament may be informed before Friday next, what proof there is against them, that accordingly they may be called to a Legal Trial, it being the undoubted Right, and Priviledge of Par- liament, that no Member of Parliament can be proceeded against, -without the consent of Parliament : And this we most humbly conceive ourselves obliged to ask, it being no less agreeable with justice, to have the innocency of Parties un- justly charged, manifested, then to bring the Nocent to their just punishment. 'His Ma jestie's Answer to two Petitions of the Lords and Commons, delivered 2d February, l64L HIS Majesty, having well considered of the two several Tetitions, pre- sented unto him on Wednesday, the second of this moneth, from both Houses of Parliament, and being desirous to exjiresse how willing He is to ajijily a remedy, not only to your Dangers, but even to your Doubts and Fears ; He, therefore, to that Petition, which concerns the Forts and M\X\\.ia^ of this Kingdom, returns this Answer; That, when he shall know the extent Qf Tower which is intended to be established in those persons, whom you desire to be the Commanders of the Militia, in the several Counties ; And likewise to what time it shall be limited, that no power shall be executed by His Majestie alone, without the advice of Parliament ; Then He will declare. That (for the securing you from all Dangers , or Jealousies of any,) His Majesty will be content to put in all the [ilaces, both of Forts, and Militia, in the several counties, such persons as both the Houses of Parliament shall either approve, or recommend unto Him, so that you declare before unto His Majesty, the names of the persons whom you approve, or recommend : unless such persons shall be named, against whom he shall have just, and unquestionable exceptions. To the other Petition, concerning the members of either House, His Ma- The King gives up jesty returns- this Answer, That as He once conceived, that He had ground ^ecuna^ the accused enough to accuse them, so now His Majesty finds as good cause,. wholly ^o ™^™''^^"j.°^?^j^''** desert any prosecution of them. Treason. And, for a further testimony of His Majestie' s real Intention towards vull His loving Subjects, (some of whom, ha/ipily, may be involved in some unknowing and unwilling Errors,) For the better, composing, and settling jf all Fear es and Jealousies, sf. what kind soever. His Majesty is ready to 294 APPENDIX. to grant as free and general a Pardon^ Jor the' full contentment of all Hh loving Subjects, as shall, by the approbation of both Houses of Parliament^ be thought convenient for that purpose. His Majestie's Consent, for the Princesse Marie's going to Hol- land, and Her Majesty to accompany Her thither. HIS Majesty, being very much pressed by the States Ambassadour, to send the Princesse His Daughter, immediately into Holland : And, being likewise earnestly desired by His Royal Consort the Queen, to give her Majesty leave to accompany Her Daughter thither ; Hath thought fit to consent to both desires, and to make this his Majestie's (jonsent, and her Majestie's Resolution, knowne to His Par- liament. Her Majestie's Answer, to a Message of both Houses. THE Queen, having received a Message from both Houses of Parliament, by the Earle of Newport, and the Lord Seymor, intimating unto her, that she had been told that the House of Commons had an intention to accuse Her of high Treason, and that Articles to that purpose had been shewed unto her. Returns this Answer. That there was a general report, of an Accusation, intended against her, but she never saw any Articles in writing, and having no certain Author, either for the one, or for the other, she gave little credit thereunto, and much lesse now, being assured from the House of Commons, that never any such thing came into their thoughts. Nor will she believe they would lay an Aspersion upon her, who hath ever been very unapt so farre to misconstrue the Actions of any one person, and much more the proceedings of Parliament, and shall, at all times, wish a happy understanding between the King and his people. His Majestie's Message, sent to the House 0/ Commons, concerning Licences, granted by His Majesty, to several persons, to passe into Ireland, February 7, J641-42. HTS Majesty, taking notice of a Speech, pretending in the Title, to have been delivered by Master Pym, in a Conference : and Printed by Order of the House of Commons, in which it is affirmed, That, since the stop upon the Ports, against all Irish Papists, by both Houses, many of the chief Commanders, now in the head of the Rebels, have been suffered to passe by his Majestie's immediate Warrant ; And APPENDIX. 295 And, being very certain of having used extreme Caution in the granting of Passe- ports into Ireland -, So that, He conceives, either this Paper, not to have been so delivered and Printed as it pretends, or this House to have received some mis- information : His Majesty would be resolved, whether this Speech were so delivered, and Printed ; and, if it were, would have this House to review, upon what Informations that particular was grounded; that either that may be found, upon re -examination, to have been false, and both this House, and His Majesty, injured by it ; Or that His Majesty may know, by what means, and by whose fault. His Authority hath been so highly abused as to be made to conduce to the assistance of that Rebel- lion, which He so much detests and abhors, and that He may see Himself fully vindicated from all reflections of the least suspicion of that kind, The Answer of the House of Commons, YOUR Majestie's most loyal and faithful Subjects, the Commons, now assem- bled in Parliament, have taken into their serious consideration the Message ■received from Your Majesty, the 7th of this instant, February, and do acknowledge, that the Speech therein mentioned to be delivered by M. Pym, in a Conference, was printed by their Order, and that what was therein delivered, was agreeable to the sense of the House. And touching that passage, wherein it is affirmed, that, since the stop upon the Ports, against all Irish Papists, by both Houses, many of the chief Commanders, now in the head of the Rebels, have been suffered to passe by your Majestie's immediate Warrants, they present your Ivlajesty with this, their humble Answer. That they have received divers advertisements, concerning the several persons, (Irish papi&ts and others,) which have obtained your Majesde's immediate Warrants, for their passing into Ireland, since the Order of Restraint, of both Houses, some of which, (as they have been informed,), since their coming into Ireland, have joined with the Rebels, and been Commanders amongst them, and some others have been stayed, and are yet in safe custody ; particularly the Lord Delvin, and four other persons in ■ his company, whereof one is thought to bfe a Priest, one Colonel Butler, brother to the Lord Minyart, now in Rebellion, and Sir George Hamilton, all which are papists ; And one other (as is reported) being son of the Lord .Nelersfield, whose father, and brother, are both in Rebellion : the particular names of others, we have not yet received, but doubt not, but upon examination, they may be discovered. And your Majestie's most faithful Subjects, are very sorry, that the Extreani Caution which your Majesty hath used, hath been so ill seconded with the di- ligence and faithfulness of your Ministers, and that your Royal Authority should be so highly abused; Although, (as it was exprest in that Speech by Master Pym,) we believe it was by the procurement of some evil Instruments, too neer your Royal %% APPENDIX. Royal person, without your Majestie's knowledge, and intention. And we be- seech your NTajesty, to take such course, that not only your Honour may be vindicated for the time past, but your Kingdome may be secured from the like^ mischief for the time to come. Read, and, hy vote upon the Question, assented-unto, Feb. 10, 1641-2. His Majestie's Heply to the House of Commons Answer. Concerning Licences, granted hy the King, to several persons, tO' go into Ireland. AS his Majesty hath expressed a great desire, to give his House of Commons all possible satisfaction to all their just Requests, and a readiness to rectifie, or retract, any thing done by himself, which might seem to trench upon their Privi- ledges, by any mistake of his ; So he doubts not, they will be ready, upon all oc- casions, to manifest an equal tenderness and regard of his Majestie's Honour and Reputation, with his good Subjects ; and therefore his Majesty expects, they should review his Message, of the seventh of this raoneth, concerning a passage, in Master Pym's Speech, and their Answer sent to his Majesty, by some of their Members, on the tenth of the same; with which his Majesty can by no means rest satisfied. His Majestie's Exception to that Message was, that it was afErmed in that- Speech, That, since the stop upon. the Ports against all Irish Papists, by both Houses, many of the chiefe Commanders, now in the head of the Rebels, have been suffered to pass by his Majestie's immediate Warrant. To this, the Answer is : That the Speech, mentioned in that Message, to be delivered by M- Py^y was Printed by their Order, and that what was therein delivered was agreeable to the sense of the House : that they have received divers Advertisements, con- cerning several persons, Irish Papists, and others, who have obtained his Majestie's immediate Warrant, for their passing into Ireland, since the Order of Restraint, of both Houses ; some of which, they have been informed, since their coming into Ireland, have joined with the Rebels, and been Commanders amongst them. His Majesty is most assured, no such person hath passed by his Warrant, or Privity : and then he desires his House of Commons, to consider, whether such a general Information and Advertisement, (in which there is not so much as the name of any pai-ticular person mentioned,) be ground enough for such a direct and positive Affirmation as is made in that Speech, which, in respect of the place and Person, and, being now acknowledged to be agreeable to the sense of the House, is of that authority, that his Majesty may suffer in the Affections of many of his good Subjects, and fall under a possible construction,, (considering many scandalous APPENDIX. 297 scandilous Pamphlets to such a purpose,) of not being sensible enough of that Rebellion, so horrid and odious to all Christians, by which j in this distraction, such a danger might possibly ensue to his Majestic 's Person and Estate, as he is well assured, his House of Commons, will use their utmost endeavours to prevent. And therefore his Majesty, thinks it very necessary, and expects, that they name those persons, who, by his Majestie's Licence, have passed into Ireland, and are now there in the head of the Rebels j Or that, if, upon their re-examina- tion, they do not find particular Evidence to prove that Assertion, (as his Majesty is confident they never can;) then, as this Affirmation, (which may reflect upon his Majesty,) isverypublike, so they will publish such a Declaration, whereby that mistake may be discovered ; his Majesty being the more tender in that particular, which hath Reference to Ireland, as being most assured; that He hath been, and is> from his Soul, resolved to discharge his Duty, (which God will require at his hands,) fpi^ the relief of his poor Protestant Subjects there, and the utter rooting, out that. Rebellion ; So that Service hath not sufi^red any but necessary delays, by any act of his Majestie's, or for the want of any thing proposed to his Majesty, within his Majestie's power to do. For the persons named in the Answer, his Majesty saith, that Colonel Butler, and the son of the Lord Nettersfield, obtained his Warrants for their passage into Ireland^ during the time of his Majestie's being in Scotland, which was long (as his Majesty thinks,) before the Order of both Houses : His Majesty, knowing the former of theip to be one who hath always made Professions to his Service, and to be Uncle to the Earle of Ormonde of whose affection to the Protestant Religion and his Majestie's Service His Majesty hath great cause to be assured ; And, the latter being a person of whom, at that time, there was no suspicion to his Majestie's knowledge. For the others, it may be, they have obtained Warrants from his Majesty since the said Order ; but his Majesty assures the Parliament, that he had no intimation of such an Order, till after stay made of Sir George Hamilton^ who wa§ the last that had any. Licence from his Majesty to pass for Irelajid. And his Majesty, having, since this Answer from the House of Commons, used all possible means, by the examining his own memory and the Notes of. his Se- cretaries, to find what Warrants have been granted by him, and to what persons, doth not find. That he hath granted any to any Irish but those who are named by the House of Commons, and, in December last, to the Earl of Saint Albans, and to two of his servants, and to one Walter Terrel, a poor man ; they being such as,_his Majesty is assured, are not with the Rebels, and, much less, chief Commanders over them. And, though it may be, the Persons named by the House of Commons are Papists, yet his Majesty, at that time, thought it not fit, (in respect of their Alliance in that Kingdom to such Persons of great power, of \yhom his Majesty hoped well,} to discover any suspicion of them; the Lords- justices having declared by their Letters, (which Letters were not disapproved? of by the Parliament here, ) th^t they were so far from owning a publike jealousy of all Papists there, that they had thought fit to put Arms into the hands of divers 2 Q Noblemen ^98 APPENDIX. Noblemen of the Pale [that were] of that Religion, who made Professions to His Majestie's Service, arid desired the same. And, since so great a trust reposed in some of the Lords of that Religion, was not disapproved by the Parliament here. His Majesty could not imagine it unsafe, or unfit, for him to give Licences to some few to passe into that Kingdom, who, though Papists, professed due Allegiance and Loyalty to His Majesty. And therefore, unlesse the firsf: Affirmation of the House of Comtnons can be made good by some particulars. His Majesty doth not know that his Ministers have failed in their diligence and faithfulnesse to His Majesty in this point, or that his Honour hath suffered so much by any Act of his own, as that it needs be vindi- cated for the time past by any other way than such a Declaration which he expects from this house, as in Duty and Justice due to His Majesty. A Message from His Majesty to the House q/" Peers, on Friday the 11th of February, 1641, concfiming his acceptance of Sir John CoNiERs, in the place of Sir joiiN Byron, to be Lieutenant of the Tower. ALTHOUGH HLs Majesty conceives that he is not obliged to give an Answer in any particular concerning the Forts and Militia of the Kingdom, until he shall know and consent to the Power and th6 time, how and to whom, the Forts and Militia shall be disposed ; Yet to shew his rearintention to satisfie the feares of his People, He is content to accept of Sir John Corners, in the place of Sir John Byron, for to-be Lieutenant of the Tower of London, having already, at his earnest desire, "deceived the surrender of the said Place from him. A true and exact List of those Persons, nominated and recommended by the House q/' Commons to His Majesty, As persons ft to be en- trusted with the Militia of the Kingdom: wherein they desire the concurrence of the House q/" Peers, Feb, 12, 1641. BERKSHIRE, Earl of Holland. Bedfordshire, Earl of Bul/ingbrohe. Buck, inghdmshire. Lord Paget. Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Elt/, Lord North. Cheshire, and the County and City of Chester, Lord Strange. -Cornwall, Lord Mobarts. Cumberland, Lord Gray of fPark. Derby, Earl of Rutland. Devon- shire, and of the County and Cityof jB;«:ow, Earl of Bedford, Dorsetshire, and ""the County of the Town of Poole, Eafl of Salisbury. ' For the Isle of Purbetk Com. Dorset, Sir John £a?2^«. Knight, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Constable of Corffe Castle. Durham, Sir Henry F'ane, the Elder. Essex, Earl of Warwick. Gloucestershire^' zn^ of the County and City of Gloucester, Lord •. Chandeis. APPENDIX. 299 Chandois. Hampshire, and of the Town and County of Southampton, and of the Isle of Wight, Earl of Pembroke. Hartfordshire, Earl of Salisbury. Hereford- shire, Lord Dacres. Huntingdonshire, Lord Mandevile. Kent, and the City and County of Canterbury, Earl of Leicester, Com. Lancaster, Lord Wharton. Lei- cester, Earl of Stamford. Middlesex, Earl of Holland. Com. Northampton, Lord Spencer. Nottingham, and of the Town and County of Nottingham, Earl K^ Clare. Northumberland, and of the Town and County of Newcastle, and of the Town of Barwick, Earl of Northumberland. Norfolk, and of the County and City of JVorwich, Earl of Warwick. Oxfordshire, Lord Viscount Sat/ and Seale. Rutland, Earl of Exon. Salop, Lord Littleton, Lord-Keeper, of the Great Seal of England. Somerset, Marquis Hertford. That the Lieutenant of the County of Worcester shall be nominated before Somerset. Staffordshire, and of the County of the Chy of Lichfield, Ezrl oi Essex. Suffolk^ Earl of Suffolk. Surrey, Earl of Nottingtiam. Sussex, Earl of Northumberland. Jfarwick, and of the County of the City of Coventry, Lord Brooke. Westmer- land. Earl of Cumberland. Wilts, Earl of Pembroke. Wigorn, and of the County of the City of Worcester, Lord Edward Howard of Eserig . For the County and City oi Bristol, Master Denzi I Mollis. Yorkshire, and of the County of the City of York, and of the County of the Town of Kingston on Hull, Earl of Essex. Of the parts of Kestaven and Holland, and the County of the City of Lincolne, Earl of Lincolne. For the parts of Lindsay, in the County of Holland, Lord Willoughby of Parham. Monmouth,- Lord Philip Herbert. Isle of [Anglesey, Earl of Northumberland. Brecknock, Lord Philip Herbert. Cardi- gan, Earl of Carbery. Carmarthen, and Carmarihen-Tovm, Earl of Carbery; Carnarvon, Earl oi Pembroke. Denbigh, 'Lord. Fielding. Flintshire, Lord Field- ing. Glamorgan, Lord Philip Herbert. Montgomery, Earl of Essex. Merio- neth, Earl of Pembroke. Pembroke, and the Towne of Haverford West, Earl of Northumberland. Radnor, Lord Littleton, Lord-Keeper of the Great Seal of England. That for the levying, ordering, aad exercising the Militia of the City of London, power is given unto Sir John Gaire, Sir Jacob Garret, Knights and Aldermen, Thomas Atkins, Alderman, Sir John iVollastone, Knight and Alderman, John Warner, Alderman, and John Towse, Alderman, Serjeant-Major General Skippon, or any three, or more, of them, Randolph Manwaring, fVilliam Gibs,John Fowke, James Bunce^ Francis Peck, Samuel Warner, James Russell, Nathaniel Wright, William Berkley, Alexander Normington, Stephen Esttveehe, Owen Rowe, Citizens of London, or any six, or more, of them. 2 Q 2 His SOO A"P P E N D I X Mis Majestie's Message io both Houses 0/ Parliament : February 14* 1641. THOTJGH His Majesty is assured, that His having so suddenly passed these two Bills, being of So great importance^ and So earnestly desired by both Houses, will serve to assure His Parliament, That He desires nothing more than the satis- faction of His Kingdom ; yet, that lie may further manifest to both Houses hoV^r impatient He is, till he find-out a full remedie to compose the present Distem- pers, He is pleased to signifie : _ , That His Majesty will, by Proclamation, require, that all Statutes made concerning Recusants be, with all Care, Diligence, and Severity, put in execution. That His Majesty is resolved. That the seven Condemned Priests shall be imme- diately Banished, if His Parliament shall consent thereunto : And His Majesty wll give present Order (if it shall be held fit by both' Houses) that a Proclamation i^sue, to require all Romish Priests within tweftty days to depart the Kingdom ; and, if any shall be Apprehended after thafdme. His Majesty assures both Houses, in the Word of a King, That He will grant no pardon to any such without con- sent of His Parliatnent. And, because His Majesty observes great and different Troubles to arise in the hearts of His People concerning the Government and.Liturgie of the Church, His Majesty is willing to declare. That He will referre that whole Consideration to the Wisdom of His Parliament, which He desires them to enter-into speedily, that the pf-esent Distractions about the same may be composed. But he desires not to be pres- sed to any single Act on His Part, till the whole be so digested and setfled-by both Hduses, that His Majesty may cleerly see what is fit to be left, as' well as what is fit to' be taken-away. For Ireland- (m behalf of which His Majestie's heart bleedsj as His Majesty hath coriciirred with all Propositions made for that Service l)y His Parliament, so He is resolved to leave nothing undone for their Relief, which shall fall within His pos- sible Power, nor will refuse to venture His owne Person in that Warre, if His Parliament shall thinke it convenient for the reduction of that miserable Kjngdome. And, lastly. His Majesty, taking notice, by several Petitions, of the great and general decay of Trade in this BLingdome, and more particularly of that of Clothing, and new Draperies (concerning which' He received lately at Gfeemvich a modest, but earnest, Petition from the Clothiers"t)f Suffblke) of which decay of Trade, His Majesty hath a. veiy deep sense, both 'in respect of the extreme want and poVetty it hath brought, and must bring, upon many thousands of His loving Subjects; aftd of the influence it must have in a very short' time upon the very subsistence of this Nation : Doth earnestly recommend the consideration of that great and weighty Businesse to both Houses J Promising them, that He will most readily concurre ia APPENDIX. 201 in any Resolution their Wisdomes shall find-outj which may <;onduce to so neces- sary a Work. ,; THE Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, do, with much Joy, receive and with Thankfulnesse acknowledge. Your Majestie's Grace and Favour, in •giving your Royal Assent to a Bill, intituled, An Act for disenabling all Persons in Holy Orders, to exercise any Temporal Jurisdiction or Authority : And also Your Majestie's Care for Ireland, expressedin the dispatch of the Bill of Pressing, 60 much importing the safety of that, and this, Kingdom. To the King's Most Excellent Majesty. ^he humble Petition of the Lords and Commons now AssembkdAn Parliament. Sheweth, THAT Your Majesty, in answer to their late Petition touching the pfoceedings -against the Lord Kimbolton, Master Hollit, Sir Arthur Haslerig, Master Pijm, Master Hamden, and Master Strode, Members of the Parliament, was pleased to sgnifie, That, as Your Majesty once conceived that you had ground enough to ac- cuse them, So now Your Majesty findes as good cause wholly to desert any further prosecution of them. Notwithstanding which, they remaine still under that heavy charge so imputed unto them, to the exceeding prejudice not only of themselves, but alsoofthe whole Parliament. And, whereas, by the express Laws and Statutes of this Your Realm, that is to say, by two Acts of Parliament, the one made in the 37th, and the other in the SSth, year of the Reign of your most Noble Progenitor, King Edward the Third; " If any person whatsoever make suggestion to the King himself, of any Crime committed by another, the same person ought to be sent with the suggestion, before the Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal, Treasurer, and, the Great Council, there to find surety to pursue his suggestion ; which if he cannot prove, he is to be imprisoned till he tiath satisfied the Party accused of his dama- ges and slander, and made fine and ransom to the King:" The said Lords and Commons humbly beseech Your Majesty, That, not only in point of Justice to the said Memberis in their particulars, but for the Vindication of the Rights and Privi- ledges of Parliament, Year Majesty will be pleased to send the Person or Persons, that jn this case made the suggestions, or informations, to Your Majesty, against the said Members of Parliament, Together with the said suggestions or informations, to Your Parliament, That so such fruits of the said good Laws may be had as were intended by them, and the Rights and Priviledges of Parliament may be Vindicated|: which of fight and justice ought not to be denyed. . iin 303 APPENDIX. AnOvLmuAVCEofboth Houses o/PARUAMENT./or the safe-guard of the Parliament, Tower, and City o/" London, under the Com- mand of Serjeant'Major General Skippon. WHEREAS upon the 12th of January last past, (amongst other things in that Order;) It is ordered by the Lords and Commons in Parliament, in these words: " And for the better .safeguard of the Tower, It is further Ordered by both Houses- of Parliament, That the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex shall appoint and place a sufficient Guard about the Tower, both by Land and Water, under the ComT mand of Serjeant-Major General Skippon, Commander of the Guards of the Par- liament, And that those Guards be careful to see the former Order observed." Now, whereas the said Serjeant-Major having (in his great care and faithfulnesse) given his advice to the said Sheriffs, concerning what Guards he conceived to be fitting, and how the same Guards ought to have been Ordered by Water and Land, as he thought most advantageous for the said service. — Whereas also the said Serjejtnt-Major hath given his further advice and Order, to divers other persons, concerning the timely discovery and preventing of any thing that might have been attempted, or done, contrary to the intent of the said Order of both Houses of Par-, liament. And whereas the said Serjeant-Major Skippon hath, according to the trust re- posed in him by the City of London, placed the Trained-Bands of the said City^ at the further end of Tower-Street, and in such other places within and about the City, as he conceived to be most for the safety of the City : All and every particu- lar of the which premisses, and whatsoever else in the same kind, and to the same ends, that he the said Serjeant-Major hath advised, or done, or shall advise or do, according to the Order aforesaid, is hereby well-approved-of and fully warranted by both Houses of Parliament, as being for the real good service of His Majesty, and the Common-wealth ; as also for the safety of the Parliament and City. And is in all and every part thereof, according to his Duty, the last Protestation, and the Laws of this Kingdom. And, if any person shall arrest, or any other way trouble, him for so doing, he doth break the Priviledge of Parliament, Violate the Liberty of the Subject, and is hereby declared an Enemy to the Common-wealth. A Message from a Committee of both Houses of ^a'Bll.i AM EUTt to the Spanish Ambassador, to make stay of Ships at Dunkirk, intended for the supply of the Rebels in Ireland. THE Lords and Commons have commanded us to intimate to the Spanish Ambassadour the advertisement, that they have received, of certaine Shq>s lying in Dunkerke, laden with Ammunition, ready to take sail, intended for the relief of the Rebels of Ireland. This they hold contrary to the Articles agreed-upon, in the APPENDIX. 303 the Treaties of Peace between the two Crowns ; And therefore the Amtrassadour IS to be moved from both Houses, to send speedily to Dunkerke, and to all other His [Spanish, or Catholick] Majestie's Dominions, and unto the King his Master, to make stay of those, and all such Ships as may carry any supply of Men, Victuals, Money, or any other aid, to His Majestie's Subjects, that at this present are in Rebellion in Ireland ; Which otherwise will be understood to be a Breach of the Treaties between the Crowns of England and S'pain, and so resented by the Par- liament. The Spanish Ambassadour's Answer to the Message from a Committee of both Houses of Parliament. THE Lord Ambassadour of Spain, Don Alonso de Cardenas, having under- stood what the Lord Fielding, of the Lords House, and Sir Thomas Barrington, Baronet, and Sir John Holland, Baronet, of the House of Commons, All three Commissaries from the Parliament, have said in behalf of both Houses, concern- ing the advertisement given them, that in the Haven of Dunkerke, there were certain Ships laden with Ammunition, ready to take sail, intended for the relief of the Rebels of Ireland, which they hold contrary to the Articles of Peace between the two Crowns; And that they required he should send to Dunkerke, and all other His Majestie's Dominions, and that he should write unto the King His Master, to make stay of those and all such Ships as may carry supply di Powder, Victuals, Money, or any other aid, to His Majestie's Subjects, that at this present are in Rebellion in Ireland ; because, otherwise, it would be under- stood to be a Breach of the Treaties between the two Crowns, and so resented by the Parliament : — ^The said Ambassadour of Spain answered. That, besides the ■ understanding which he hath of the King his Master's mind and intention to con- serve the friendship which he professeth with His Majesty of Great-Britain, he hath express and most particular notice, that the Ships which are now in Dunkerke- Haven, laden with Souldiers and Ammunition and ready to sail, neither are for ■ Ireland, nor were they provided for any such purpose ; And that this notice was given him by Don Francisco de Mello, Earl of Assumar, Governour and Captain- General of the States of Flanders, whom the Resident of His Majesty of Great Britain, that assist? in Brussels, assured that he is fully satisfied of their not going for Ireland, as is also'his King, who signified so much unto him in a letter, in which he likewise commanded him to thank the said Don Francisco de Mello, for denying leave, whiqh certain Irish, serving in those States, had asked to return to their Country, which he denied, to avoid all suspicion; Notwithstanding their end for asking it was unknown. The same assurance did the same Ambassadour give unto the Commissaries -aforesaid -of the Parliament, concerning the mentioned Ships in Dunkerke, laden with Ammunition and Souldiers, " that they are not for Ireland ;" And he proffered to write to Dunkirk, and all other Parts of Flanders^ and Dominions of the King his Master; and particularly to His Catholick Majesty, to S04 APPENDIX. to the end. That the observance of the Articles of Peace, (which hitherto have- been so religiously observed of the King his Master's part, and his Subjects,) may. be continued ; and that new and strait Orders be given, That no Subject of His. Catholick Majesty shall dare to violate them, by sending any kind of aids to foster the Insurrection in Ireland, under pain of the punishment imposed upon the trans- gressors. And the said Ambassadour, to manifest the sincerity of his heart, prof- fered to solicite it with the readiest and most forcible means that lay in his power, hoping (as in reason he] should,) that His Majesty of Great-Britain, and the. Parliament, will, for their part, punctually observe the same iii the aforesaid con- formity, towards the Rebels of the King his Master, not permitting any kinds of succour or assistance, in whatsoever quality, to be afforded them, from these King- doms. Renewing for this effect, all requisite Orders unto the OfEcers and Ports of the said Kingdoms, chastising the transgressors of what is settled in the Peace, with the punishments contained in the Articles of it ; that so, by reciprocal observe ance, the good correspondency, which is at this present between the two Crowns of Spain and England, may be assuredly maintained. His M-\jestie*s Message to both Houses, concenning. tki Militia. HIS Majesty, haying received an humble Petition of the Lords and Commons, by the hands ol the Earls of Carlisle and Monmouth, returns this Answer ; That his dearesi Consort the Queen, and his dear Daughter the Princess Mary, being now upon their departure for Holland, He cannot have so good time to consider of a particular Answer, for a matter of so great weight as this is : therefore h^ must respite the same until his return. To the King's. Most Excellent Majesty. The humble Petition of the Lokds PENbl'x. fehce of His people, and to put it' into the hands of others for anylndefinite time. And, since the ground of this Request from his Parliament was, to remove their present feares and jealou'ies, that they might with safety apply themselves to the mat^eV of his Message of the 20th of January, His Majesty hopeth that His Grace to them since that time in yielding to so mafly of "their desires, and in agreeing to the Per- sons now recommended to him by his Parh'ameftt, , and the power before expressed to be placed in them, will wholly dispell those feares and jealousies, and assureth them, that, as His Majesty hath now applyed this unusual remedy to their doubts, so (if tlrere shall be cause) He will continue the same to such 'time as shall be agre6* iltble to the same care he now expresseth towards them. And, in this Answer, His I*.Iajesty is so far from receeding from any thing he pro- mised, or intended to grant, in his Answer to the former Petition, that His Majesty hatth hereby consented to all that was then asked of him by that Petition concerning the Militia of the Kingdom (except that of London, and those other Corporations) which was to put the sameinto the hands of such persons* as should be recommended unto Him by both Houses of Parliament : And His Majesty doubts not, but the Parliament, upon well weighing the particulars of this His Answer, will find the same more satisfactory to their ends, and the peace and welfare of all His good Subjects, than the way proposed' by this intended Ordinance, to which, for these Reasons, His Majesty cannot consent. And, -vvherees His Majesty obsefVes, by the Petition of both Houses, presented to Him by the Earl of Portland, iSir Thomas Heale^ and Sir WiUiam Savile, That in some places, some persons bi?gin already to intermeddle, of themselves, with the Militia, His Majesty expecteth that HiS PariiameHt should thiamine the particulars thereof, it being a matter of high Concernment and'very great Consequence. And His Majesty requireth, that, if it shall appear toHis Parliament, that any personsAvhatsoever have presumed to command the Militia without lawful Authority^ they may be proceeded-against according to Law. A (hpyofthe Petition of both Houses o/Parliament, conccr«- ing the Militfa, ^. ^rt^ented to His Majesiy at 'Theobaldi^ l'Martii,l6U. Most Gracious Sovereigrte, YOUR Majestie's most loyal and"*obediefit Subjects, the Lords and Commoffi in Parliament, doe find their just apprehensions of sorrow and feare, in respect of the publickdangers and miseries like to fall upon Your Majesty and the Kingdom, to be much increased, upon the receipt of Your unexpected denyal of their most humble and necessary Petition concerning the Militia of the Kingdom 5 especially grieving, that wicked and mischievous Counsellours should still have that power with Your Majesty; as in this time of imminent and approaching Ruine, rather to inchneYour Resolutions totbat which is apt to further the accomplishment of the desires APPENDIX. 3J^^ desires of thp, most- malignant enemies of God's true Religion, and of the peace and safety of Your Self, and Your Kingdom, than to the dutiful and faithful Counsel of Your Parliament. "Wherefore they are enforced in all humility to Protest, That, if Your Majesty shallpersist in that.denyal, the dangers and distempers of-the Engdom are such as will endure no longer delayer But, unlesse You shall be graciously pleased to assure thern by these Messengers, that you will speedily apply Your Royal Assent to the satisfaction of their former desires, they shall be enforced, for the safety of, Your Majesty and Your Kingdomes, to dispose of the Militia by the Authority gf both Houses, in such manner as hath been propounded to Your Majesty, and they resolve to doe it accordingly. They likewise most humbly beseech Your Majesty to believe. That the danger- ous and desperate Designe upon the House of Commons, mentioned in their Pre- amble, was not inserted ^yith any intention to cast the least aspersion upon Your Majesty, but therein they reflected upon that malignant party, of whose bloody and malicious practices they have had so often experience, and irom which they can never be secure, unlesse Ypijr Majesty will be piieased to put from You those wicked and unfaithful Counsellours, who interpose their own corrupt and malicious, Pesignes betwijct Your Majesti^'s Goodness and Wisdome, and the prosperity and contentment of Your Selfe and of Your people: And th^t for the dispatch of the great affaires of the Kingdom, the safety of Your Person, the protection and com- fort of Your Subjects, You will be pleased to continue Your abode near to London and the Parliament, and not to withdraw. Your Selfe to any the remoter parts; which if Your Majesty should doe, it must needs be a cause of great danger and dis- tfaction. That Your Majesty will lil^ewise b^. graciously pleased to continue the Prince's Highnesse in these parts, at Saint James's, or any other of Your houses neere London, whereby the Designes which the enemies of the Religion and Peace of this Kingdom ipay h^ve upon his Person, and the jealousies and feares of Your People, may be prevented. And they beseech Your Majesty to be informed by them, That, by the Lawes of the Kingdom, the power of raising, ordering, and disposing of the Milida witliin any City, Town, or other place, cannot bei grantedjio any Corporation by Charter, or otherwise, without the Authority and consent of Parliament : And that those' parts of the Kingdom which have piit themselves in a posture of defence against the common danger, have therein done nothing but according to the De- claration and direqtion of both Houses, and what is justifiable by the Lawes of this Kingdom. All which their most humble counsell and desires, they pray Your Majesty to. accept as the effect of that Duty and Allegiance which they owe unto You, and which will not suffer them to admit of any thoughts, intentions, or endeavours, but such as are nece!ssa,ry and advantageous for Your Majestie's Greatnesse and' 2 s 2 |Ionour, 316 APPENDIX, Honour, and the safety ahd prosperity of the Kingdom, according to that Trust and Power which the Lawes have reposed in them. His Majestie's Answer, to the Petition of both Houses, Presentek the first of March, lixil. I AM so much amazed at this Message, that I know not what to Ansvi'er: You speak of Jealousies and Feares: Lay you hands to your hearts, and ask your- selves whether I may not likewise be disturbed with Feares and Jealousies : And, if sOj I Assure you this Message hatli nothing lessened them. For the Militia, I thought so much of it before I sent that Answer, and am so much assured that the Answer is agreeable to what in Justice or Reason you can ask, or I in Honour grant, that I shall not alter it in any point. For my Residence neere you, I wish it might be so safe and Honourable, that I had no cause to absent my Selfe from Ifhite-hall; Aske your selves whether I have not. For ray Son, I shall take that care of him, which shall justify me to God as a. Father, and to my Dominions as a King. To conclude, I assure you, upon my Honour, that I have no thought but of Peace and Justice to my People, which I shall, by all f aire meanes, seek to preserve and maintain, relying upon the Goodness and providence of God, for the preser- vation of my Selfe and Rights. Divers Questions upon YiisM. A3 ^^Ti^'^ last Answer, concerning the Militia, Resolved-upon by th^ House of Commons. RESOLVED, &c. That this Answer of His Majesty, is a denyal to the desires of both Houses of Parliament, concerning the Militia. Resolved, &c. That those that advised His Majesty to give this Answer, are Enemies to the State, and mischievous Projectors against the defence of the King- dom. Resolved, &c. That this denyal is of that dangerous Consequence, that, if His Majesty shall persist in it. It will hazard the Peace and safety of all his Kingdqms, i unlesse some speedy remedy be applyed by the Wisdome and Authority of both Houses of Parliament. Resolved, &c. That, such Parts of this Kingdom as have put themselves into a Posture of defence against the common danger, have done nothing but what is justifiable, and is approved by the House. Resolved, ^c. That, if His Majesty shall remove into any remote Parts from his Parliament, it will be a great hazard to the Kingdom j and a great prejudice to the Proceedings of the Parliament. Resolved, APPENDIX. 317 Resolved, &c. That this House holds it necessary, That His Majesty may be desiredj That the Prince may come unto Saint James's, or to some other convenient |)lace near about London, and there to continue. Resolved, ^Sc. That the Lords be desired to join with this House in an humble request unto His Majesty ; That he will be pleased to reside neere his Parliament ; That both Houses may have a convenience of Accesse unto him upon all occasions. Resolved, &c. That the Lords be moved to join with this House In some fit course of examination, to find " who were the Persons that gave His Majesty this advice ;" That they may be removed from His Majesty, and brought to condignfe punishment. Resolved, &c. That no Charter can be granted by the King to create a power in any Corporation over the Militia of that place, without consent of Parliament. Resolved, £ffc. That the Lords shall be moved to join with this House in these Votes. Resolved, &c. That the Lords shall be desired to appoint a select Committee, that may join with a Committee of a proportionable number of this House ; to con- sider, and prepare, what is fit to be done upon these Votes, or upon any thing else that may arise upon this Answer of His Majesty concerning the Militia and con- cerning the Prince. March 2. Questions resolved upon hy both Houses of Parliament, with an Order for the speedy Rigging of the Navy, for the defence of the Kingdom. RESOLFRD, &c. That the Kingdom be forth-with put into a Posture of de- fence, by authority of both Houses, in such a way as is already agreed-upon by both Houses of Parliament. Resolved, &c. That the Lords be desired to join with the House of Commons in this Vote. Resolved, &c. That a Committee shall be appointed to prepare a Declaration upon these two Heads, viz. 1. To lay-down the just causes of the feares and jealousies given to these Houses: and to clear these Houses from any jealousies conceived against them. 2. And to consider of all matters that may arise upon this Message of His Ma- jesty, and to declare their opinions what is fit to be done thereupon. Die 318 A p PENdrx Die MercuriL 2 Mar til. THE Lords and Commons in this present Parliament assembled, having receiveif advertisement of extraordinary preparations made by the neighbouring Princes, both by Land and Sea; the intentions whereof have been so represented as t» faise an" apprehension in both Hbuses, That the publick Honour, Peace, and Safety of His Majesty and his Kingdom, cannot be secured, unlesse a timely course betaken for the putting of this Kingdom into i Condition of defence, at Sea, a^ well as Land : It is therefore Ordered by the Lords and Commons aforesaid, 'Riat the Earl of Northu7nberland, Lord-High Admiral of England, do forth-with give effectual direction and order, that all and every the Ships belonging to His Majestie's Navy, which are fit for, service, and.not already abroad,^ nor designed for this Summer's Fleet, be with all speed rigged, and, put in such areadinesse, as that they may soon be fitted for the Sea; And that his Lordship do also make knowne unto all the Masters and Owners of such Ships as now a.re in, or about, any of the Harbours o£ this Kingdome, and maybe of use for the publick defence thereof, That it will be an,, acceptable service to the King and Parliament, if they likewise will cause theicSbips to be Rigged, and so far put in a readinesse as that they may be, at a short warning, set-forth to Sea, upon any emergent occasion : Which will be a means of great security to His Majesty and his Dominions. The DecIjA RATION. May it please ymr Majesty, ALTHOUGH the Expressions in your Majestie's Message, of the secpjid of this instant, March, do give just cause of sorrow to us, your faithful Subjects, the Lords and Commons, in Parliament, yet it is not without some mixture of confi- dence and hope, considering they proceeded from the- mis-apprehensicai of our Actions and Intentions ; which, (hfiving no ground of Truth, or reality,) may, by your Majestie's Justice and Wisdom, be removed, whai your Majesty shall be fully informed, that those Feares and Jealousies of ours, which your Majesty thirjks to be causeless and without any just ground, do necessarily and cleerly arise from those dangers and distempers, into which the mischievoua and evil Counsels about you have brought this Kingdom ; And that those other Fears and Jealousies, by which your favour, your Royal Presesnce, and confidence, have been withdrai^ from your Parliament, have no foundation, or subsistence, in any action, intention, or miscarriage, of ours, but are meerly grounded upon the falshood and malice of those, who, (for the supporting and fomenting their own Avicked designee against the Religion and Peace of the Kingdom,) do seek to deprive your Majesty of the Strength and Affection of your People, and them of your Grace anji Protection, , and thereby to subjeqt both your Royal Person and the whol>e Kingdom to ruin aad destruction,. APPENDIX. 319 To satisfy your Majestie's judgement and conscience in both these points^ we desire to make a cleer and free Declaration of the causes of our fears and jea- lousies ; which we offer to your Majesty in these particulars : 1 . That the designe of altering Religion, in this, and in your other Kingdoms, hath been potently carried-on by those in greatest Authority about you, for divers jreers together. The Queen's Agent at Rome, and the Pope's agent, or Nuncio, here, are hot only evidences of- this design, but have been great Actors in it. 2. That the War with Scotland was procured to make way for this intent, and thiefly invited and fomented by the Papists, and others Popishly-afFected : whereof we have many evidences, and especially their free and general contribution to it. '' 3 . That the Rebellion in Ireland was framed and contrived here in England ; and \, t¥at the English Papists were expected to have risen about the same time, we have N, B, several testimonies and advertisements from Ireland ; and that it is a common speech amongst the Rebels : wherewith concur other Evidences, and observations, of the suspicions, meetings, and consultations, the tumultuary and seditions carriage, of those of that Religion, in divers parts of this Kingdom, "about the time of the breaking-out of the Irish Rebellion. The deposition bf O'CoraraeZ/y,— ^the Inform- ation of Master Cole, Minister,— theXeftet'of Trestram Jf hkcontbe, — ^the deposition of 'jThomas Crant, — and many others v/hich we may produce, do all agree in this. 'The publike Declaration of the Lords,' Gentlemen, and others of the Pale, that they would join with thelRebels, (whom they call the Irish Army,) or any other, to N. T>. recover unto his Majesty his Royal Prerogative, wrested from him by the Puritan Faction in the Houses, of Parliament in England, and to maintain the same against all others, as also to maintain Episcopal Jurisdiction, and the lawfulness thereof; these two being Quarrels, upon which his Majestie's late Army in the North should have been incensed against us. The great cause we have to doubt, that that late design, styled. The ^Queen's pious Intention, was for fhe alteration of Religion in this'Kingdom ; for the success whereof, the "Pope's Nuncio, the" Count ^ose«/, enjoined Fasting and 'Praying to be observed every Week by the English Papists ; which appeared to'us" by one of fhe'Original Letters directed by him to a Priest in Lancashire. The boldness of the Irish Rebels, in affirming that they do -nothing, bnt -by-Autho- rity from the King : That they call themselves the i^ueeh's Armj}: That the prey, orboQty, which they take from the English, they mark with the 'Queen's Mark : That their purpose was to. come to'- £ng^/arfJx', after thiey had done in Ireland, and N. B. sundry other things of this kind, proved by O' CowneZ/y, and divers others, espe- cially In the fore-mentioned Letter from Treslram fVhitcombe, the Mayor of Kinsale, to his Brother Benjamin Whitcombe, wherein there is this passage, " That •' many other strange speeches they utter about Religion and our Court of England, ** which he dares not commit to paper." The manifold attempts to provoke Your Majestie's late Army, and the Army of the Scots, and to raise a faction in the City of London and other parts of the Kingdom : 320 APPENDIX. Kingdom : That those who have been Actors in those businesses, have had their dependance, their countenance, and encouragement from the Court ; Witness the Treason whereof Master Jermin and others stand accused, who was transported beyond Sea by Warrant under Your Majestie's Hand, after Your Majesty had given Assurance to your Parliament, that Your Majesty had laid a strict com- mand upon all your Servants, that none of them should depart from Court :, And that dangerous Petition, delivered to Captain Leg by your Majestie's own Hand, accompanied with a direction. Signed with C. R. The false and scandalous accusation against the Lord Kimholton and the fivQ Members of the House of Commons, tender'd to the Parliament by your Majes- tie's own command, — endleavoured to be justified in the City by your own presence and perswasion, and to be put in execution upon their persons, by your Majestie's demand of them, in the House of Commons, in so terrible and violent a manner as far exceeded all former breaches of Priviledges of Parlia- ment, acted by your Majesty, or any of your Predecessors : And (whatsoever your own intentions were,) divers bloody and desperate persons, which attended your Majesty, discovered' their affections and resolutions to have massacred N. B. and destroyed the Members of that House, if the absence of those persons ac- cused had "not, by God's providence, stopt the givmg of that tvord, which they expected, for the setting them upon that, barbarous and bloody act : — The Listing of so many Officers, Souldiers, and others, — putting them into pay and under command of Colonels, — feasting and caressing them in an unusual manner at Whitehall; — thereby maiptaining them in the violent assaults, and other injuries,, which they offered' to divers of your Subjects who were coming that way in a lawful and peaceable manner : — the carrying them out of Towne ; after which, they were told by the Lord Dighy, That the King removed on purpose, that they might not be trampled in the dirt : — And keeping them so long in pay, and endeavouring to, engage the Gentlemen of the Innes of Court in the same course : — The plotting and designing of a perpetual Guard about your Majesty : — The labouring to in- fuse into your Majestie's Subjects an evil opinion of the Parliament thorow the whole Kingdom ; — and other Symptoms c^f a disposition of raising Arms and dividing your people by a Civil War ; in which combustion, Ireland must needs be lost, and this Kingdom miserably wasted and consumed, if not wholly ruined and destroyed. That, — after a Vote had passed in the House of Commons, declaring. That the Lord Digby had appeared in a warlike manner at Kingston upon Thames, to the terrour and affright.of your Majestie's good Subjects, and the disturbance of the pub- like peace of the Kingdom ; arid that, therefore, the Lords should be moved to re- N. B. quire his attendance ; — he should, nevertheless, be of that credit with your Majesty, as to be sent-away by your own Warrant to Sir John Pennington to land hira beyond the Sea j from whence he vented his own traiterous conceptions, " That; your tvlajesty should declare yourself, and retire to a place of strength in this. Kingdom," as if your Majesty could not be safe among your people : And, withall, took that transcendent boldness, to write to the Queen, offering to entertain cor- respondenqy. N. B. APPENDIX. 525 Kespondency with her Majesty by Cyphers, mtitna.ting some service which he might do in those Parts, for which he desired your Majestie's instructions ; where- by, in probability, he intended the procuring of some foreign Force, to strengthen your Majesty in that condition into which he would have brought you : Which false and malicious counsel and advice, we have great cause to doubt, made too deep an impression on your Majesty, considering the course you are pleased tu take, of absenting yourself from your Parhament, and carrying the Prince with you ; which seems to express a purpose in your Majesty, to keep yourself in a readiness for the acting of it. The manifold Advertisements, which we have had from Rome, Venice, Paris, and other parts, that they still expect, that your Majesty has some great design in hand, for the altering of Religion, and the breaking the neck of your Parliament : — That you will yet find means to compass that Design ; — that the Pope's Nuncio hath sollicited the Kings of i^rance and Spaine to lend your Majesty four thousand- men a-piece, to help to maintain your Royalty against the Parliament. And this Foreign force, as it is the most pernicious and malignant Design of all the rest, so we hqpe it is, and shall always be, farthest from your Majestie's thoughts ; because no man can believe that you will give-up your people. and Kingdom to be spoiled by strangers, if you. did not likewise intend to change both your own Profession in Religion and the publick Profession of the Kingdom, that so you might still be more assured of the assistance of those Foreign States who are attached to the Popish Religion, for your future support and defence. These are some of the grounds of our fears and Jealousies, which made us so earnestly to implore your royal Authority and Protection for our defence and se- curity, in all the ways of Humility and submission : which being denyed by your Majesty, seduced by evil Counsel, we do (with sorrow for the great and unavoid- able misery and danger which thereby is like to fall upon your own, person and your Kingdoms,) apply ourselves to the use of that power, for the security and defence of both, which, by the fundamental Laws and Constitutions of this King- dom, resides in us ; yet still resolving to keep ourselves within the bounds of faithfulness and allegiance to your sacred Person and your Crown : so that, as to' the second sort of Jealousies and fears of Us, exprest by your Majesty, we shall give a shorter, bijt as true and as faithful an Answer. "Whereas, Your Majesty is pleased to say, that, as to your residence neere the Parliament, you wish it might be so safe and honourable that you had no cause to absent yourself from H^hitehall. — This we take as the greatest breach of Privi- ledge of Parliament that can be oflFered ; — As the heaviest misery to yourself, and imputation upon us, that can be imagined ; — And the most mischievous effect of evil Counsels. It roots-up the strongest foundation of the safety and honour which your Crown affords ; It seeijis, as much as may be, to cast ujpon the Parlia- ment such a charge as is inconsistent with the nature of that great Council, being the Body whereof your Majesty is the Head : it strikes at the very being, both of King and Parliament j depriving your Majesty, in your own apprehension, of 2 t their €22 APPENDIX their Fidelity, and them of your Protection ; which are the mutual bands and sup- ports of Government and Subjection, We have, according to your Majestie's desire, laid our hands upon our heartSj we have asked ourselves, in the strictest examination of our Consciences ; we have searcht our affections, our thoughts ; considered our Actions : and we find none that can give your Majesty any just occasion to absent yourself from Whitehall and the Parliament ; but that you may, with more honour and safety, continue there "than in any other place. Your Majesty lays a general tax upon us. If you will be graciously pleased to ' let us know the particulars, we shall give a clear and satisfactory Answer : But what hope can we have of ever giving your Majestie satisfaction, when those parti- culars which you have been made to believe were true, did, nevertheless, when they were produced and made known to us, appear to be ralsej and your Majesty, not- ■vnthstanding, will neither punlsli nor produce the Authors, but go-on to contract new Jealousies and Fears, upon general and uncertain grounds, affordihg us no means, of possibility, of particular Answer, to the cleering of ourselves : For proof whereof, wf heseech your Majesty to consider these Instances. The Speeches alledged to be spoken in a meeting of divers Membei-s of both Houses at Kensington^ concerning a purpose of restraining the Queen and Prince : which, after it was denied and disavowed, yet your Majesty refused to naitie the Authors, though humbly desired by both Houses. The repor-t of Articles framed against the Queen's Majesty, given-out by some of 'neer" relation to the Court: but, when it was publicldy and constantly dis« '" claimed, the credit seemed to be withdrawn'from it. But the Authors, being kept safe, will always be ready for exploits of the same kind, wherewith your Majesty, and the Queen, will be' often troubled, if this course be taken to dierish andse- c!- ^ure them in such wicked and malicious slanders. The heavy charge and accusation of the Lord Kimholton, and the five Mem- bers of the House of "Commons, who refused no trial or examination which might stand with the Priviledge of Parliament : yet no Authors, no witnesses, haVe been .pr<)duced ; against whom" they may have reparation for the great injury andinfafiiy cast upon tliem, notwithstanding three several Petitions of both Houses, and the authority of two Acts of Parliament vouched in the last of those Petitions. We beseech ybiir Majesty to consider, in what State you are; ll'owe'asy and fair a way you have "to happiness, honour, greatness, -plenty, and security; if you "will join with the Parliament and your faithful Subjects, in defence of the Religion -and publick good of the Kingdom, This is all we expect from you ; and for this ' we shall return to you our lives, fortunes, and utterniost endeavours^ to support your Majesty, your just' Soveraignty and power over us. But it U tioi "doords that can secure us, in these our humble desires. We cannot but too Well and sorrow- K B. fully remember, what gracious Messages we had from yoiithe last Summer, when, with your privity, the bringing-up the Army was in agitation. We cannot, -but with "'-the' like affections, recal to our rainds, how, not two days before you- gave'di- rectioBS, APPENDIX. 333 rectlons for the above-mentioned accusation, and your own coming to the Com- mons House, that House received from your Majesty a gracious Message, that you would always„have as great care of their Priviledges as of your own Prerogative ; and of the safety of their persons, as of that of your own children. That which we expect; — which will give us assurance, that you have no thought, but of peace, and justice to your People ; — must be some real effect of your goodness to them, in granting those things which the present necessities of the Kingdom do enforce us to desire : And, in the first place, that your Majesty will be graciously pleased to put from you those wicked and mischievous Counsellors which have caused all these dangers and distractions, and to continue your own Residence, and the Prince's, near London and- the Parliament : which, we. hope, will be a happy be- ginning of contentment and- confidence betwixt your Majesty and your People, and be followed with many succeeding blessings of Honour and Greatness to your Majesty, and of security and prosperity to them. The Additional Reasons. THE Lords and Commons have commanded us, to present unto your Majesty this further Addition to their former Declaration. That your Majestie's return and continuance near the Parliament, is a matter, in their apprehension, of so great necessity and importance, towards the preser- vation of your Royal Person and ypur Kingdoms, that they cannot think they have discharged their duties, in the single expression of their desire, unless they add some further Reasons to back it with. L Your Majestie's absence wiU cause men to believe, that it is out of design to discourage the undertakers, and hinder the other Provisions, for raising money for the defence o/" Ireland. II. It will very much hearten the Rebels there, and disaffected persons in this Kingdom, as being an evidence and effect of the jealousy and division betwixt your ^Majesty and your People. III. That ii 'will much weak&n and withdraw the affection of the Subject from your Majesty ; without which a Prince is deprived of his chiefest strength and imtre, and left naked to the greatest dangers and miseries that can be imagined, IV. That it will invite and encourage the Enemies of our Religion and the State, in foreign Parts, to the attempting and acting of their evil designs and intentions towards us. V. That it causeth a great interruption in the proceedings of Parliament, These considerations threaten so great danger to your Majestie's Person, and to all your Dominions, that, as your Majestie's great Council, they hold it necessary to represent to You this their faithful Advice, that so, whatso- ever followeth, they may be excused before God and man. 2x2 Eis 324 APPENDIX, His MaJestie's Speech to the Committee, on the ninth of March, 1641, when they presented the Declaration of both Houses of Parliament, at Newmarket. I AM confident that you expect not that I should give you a speedy Answer to this strange and unexpected Declaration ; And I am sorry that, (in the Distraction of this Kingdom,) you should think this way of Address to be more convenient than that proposed by my Message, of the 20th of January last, to both Houses. As concerning the grounds of your Fears and Jealousies, I will take time to answer particularly, and doubt not but I shall do it to the satisfaction of all the World. God, in his good time, will, I hope, discover the secrets and bottoms of all Plots and Treasons j and then I shall stand right in the eyes of all my People. In the mean time, I must tell you. That I rather expected a Vindication, for the Imputation laid on me in Master Pym's Speech, than that any more ge- neral Rumours and Discourses should get credit with' you. For my Fears and Doubts, I did not think they should have been thought so groundless, or trivial, while so many Seditious Pamphlets, and Sermons, are looked- upon, and so great Tumults are remember'd, unpunished, uninquired-into. I still confess my Fears, and call God to witness. That they are gi'eater for the true Protestant Profession, my People, and the Laws, than for my own Rights or Safety j though I must tell you, I conceive that none of these are free from danger* What would you have ? Have I violated your Laws ? Have I denied to pass any one Bill, for the ease and security of my Subjects'? I do not ask you, what you have done for Me. Have any of my People been transported with Fears and Apprehensions ? I have offered as free and general a Pardon as yourselves can devise. All this consi- dered. There is a Judgement from Heaven upon this Nation, if these Distractions continue, God so deal with Me and Mine as all my thoughts and Intentions are upright for the maintenance of the true Protestant Profession, and for the Observation and Preservation of the Laws of this Land : ' And I hope God will bless and assist those Laws for my Preservation, As for the Additional Declaration, you are to expect an Answer to it, when you^hall receive the Answer to the Declaration itself. Some Passages, that happened the Qth of March, between the King's Majesty,' and the Committee of both Houses, zs^hen the Decla- ration was delivered. WHEN His Majesty heard that Part of the Declaration which mentioned Master Jermin's Transportation, His Majesty interrupted the'Earl of Hollnnd in reading, and said, " T hat's false." Which being afterwards touched-upon again, His APPENDIX. 325 His Majesty then said, " 'Tis a lye." And when he was Informed/ that it related not to the Date, but to the Execution, of the 'Warrant, His Majesty said^ " It might have been better expressed then, and that it was a high thing to tax a King with breach of Promise." As for this Dtclaraton, His Majesty said, " I could not have believed that the Parliament would have sent me such a one, if I had not seen it brought by such persons of honour. I am sorry for the Parliaa ent ; but glad I have the Declaration : For by that I doubt not to satisfy my People -, though I am confident the greater part is. so already." Ye speak of ill Counsels : but I am Confident the Parliament hath had worse Informations than I have had Counsels. His Majesty asking, what he had denied the Parliament, The Earl of HoWanrf instanced that of the Militia. His Majesty replied, " That was no Bill;" the Earl of Holland then said, " it-v/as a neces- sary request at this time ;" and his Majesty also then said, " he had not denied it." What passed the next day, when His Majesty delivered his Answer. WHICH was read by the Earl of Holland to the rest of the Committee; And that being done. His Lordship endeavoured to perswade his Majesty to come near the Parliament, Whereunto his Majesty answered, " I would you had given me cause ; but I am sure this Declaration is not the way to it. And in all Aristotle's ^hetorichs, there is no such Argument of Perswasion." The Earl of Pembroke, thereupon, telling him that the Parliament had humbly besought his Majesty jto come near them aforesaid, His Majesty replied, " He had learnt by Our Declaration, that words were not sufficient." His Majesty being then again moved, by the said Earl of Pembroke,to express what he would have; said, " He would whip a boy in West- minster School, that could not tell that by his Answer." And further said, " They were much mistaken, if they thought his Answer of that a denial :" And, being also asked by the said Earl of Pembroke, " Whether the Militia might not be granted, as was desired by the Parliament, for a time ?" His Majesty swore, " By God, not for an houre; you have askt that of me in this, which was never askt of a King, and with which I will not trust my Wife and Children." His Majesty said. The Businesse o/* Ireland will never be done in the tvay that you are in; Foure hundred will never doe that Work. It must be put into the hands of One. If 1 were trusted with it, [ would pawn my head_ to endtkat Work. Jhd, though 1 am a beggar my-selfe, yet {speaking with a strong asseve- ration) J can J^nd money for that. » ■ m His Majestie's Declaration io feo^A Houses o/ Parliament, (Which He likewise recommends to the consideration of all His loving Subjects) in Answer to that presented to Him at Newmarket, the ninth of March, 164,1 . THOUGH the Declaration lately presented to Us at JVew-markei, from both Our Honses of Parliament, be of so strange a nature^ in respect of what We ex- pected S26 APPENDIX. pected (after so many Acts of Grace and Favour to Our Pepple) and some expres' sions in it so different from the usual Language to Princes, that We might welt take a very long time to consider it ; Yet the clearness and uprlghtnesse of Our Conscience to God, and love to Our Subjects, hath supplyed Us with a speedy Answer, and Our unalterable Affections to Our People have prevailed with Us to suppresse that passion which might have well-enough become Us upon such aii Invitation. We have reconsidered Our Answer of the first of this moneth at Theobalds, which is- urged to have given just cause of sorrow to Our'Subjects. Whosoever looks over that Message ( which was in effect to tell Us, That, if We would not pin with them in an Act which. We conceived, might prove prejudicial and dan- gerous to Us and the whole Kingdome, they would make a Law without Us, and impose it upon Our People) will not think that sudden Answer can be excep- ted-to. We have little encouragement to Replyes of this nature, when We are told of how liWe value Our words are Bke to be with you, though they come accompanied ^adth all the Actions of Love and Justice, where there is room for such Actions to ac- company them. Yet We cannot but disavow the having any such evil Counsel, or Counsellours, about Us,, to, Our knowledge, as are mentioned ; and, if any such be discovered. We will leave them to the Censure and Judgement of Our Parliament. In the mean time. We could vnsh, that Our owne immediate Actions, which We avow, anq Our own Honour, might not be so roughly censured and wounded, under thaf common styje of Evil Counsellours. For Oiir Faithful and zealous affection to the true Protestant Profession, and Our resolution to concur with Our Parliament in any possible course for the pro- pagation of it and the suppression of Popery, We can say no more than We have already expressed in our Declaration to all Our loving Subjects, published in Janu- ary last, by the advice of Our Privy-Council j in which We endeavoured to make as lively a Confession of, our Self in this point, as we were able, being most assured, that the constant Practice of Our Life hath been answerable thereunto: And there- fore We did rather expect a Testimony and acknowledgment of such Oui Zeal and Piety, than those Expressions which We meet-with in this Declaration, of any designe of altering Religion in this Kingdom. And We do^ (out of the ir noceiicy of Our Soul) wish, that the Judgements of Heaven may be manifested upon those who have, ' or had, any such. Designe. As for the Scots troubles. We had well thought that those unhappy differences had been wrapt-up in perpetual silence, by the Act of Oblivion ; which, being so- lemnly past in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms, stops Our mouth from any other Reply than to shew Our great dislike to the reviving the memory thereof. If the Rebellion in Ireland^ (so odious to all Christians) seems to have been framed and maintained in England, or to have any countenance from hence, We conjure both Our Houses of Parliament, and all Our loving Subjects wriitsojver, to use all possible meanes to discover and find such out, that We may join in the most APPENDIX. 527 most exemplary vengeance upon them that can be imagined : But We'hitfst'thinke Our-self highly and causelessly injured in Our Reputation, if anyDeclaratioUj Action, or Expression, of the Irish Rebels, any Letter=from Count Rosetti to the Papists for Fasting and Praying, or from Trestram Tfhitcowhe, of strange speeches uttered in Ireland^ shall beget any jealousy, or misapprehension, in our Subjects, of Our Justice, Piety, and Affection, it being evident to ^11 understandings, "That those mischievous and wicked Rebels are not so capable of great advantage, [by any other circumstancej as by having their false discourses so far believed as to raise Fears and Jealousies to the distraction of this {kingdom, which is the onely way to their security: And We'cahftot eiprfesse a deeper sense of the sufferings of Our poor Protesta^nt Subjects in that Kingdom than We have done in our often-repeated Messages to both Houses, by which We have offered, and are still ready, to venture Our Royal Person for 'their Redemption ; well knowing, that, as We are (in Our own Interest) more concerned in them, so We are to make a strict Ac- cortipt to Almighty God for any neglect of Our duty for their preservation. For the manifold attempts to provoke Our late Army, and the Army of the Scots, and to raise a ' Faction in the City of London, and other parts of the King- dom : Jf it be said, as relating to Us, We canhot, without great indignation, suffer Our-Self to be reproached, to have intended the least Force, or threatning, to Our Parliament ; as the being privy to the brmging-up of the Army would imply : Whereas, We call God to witness, We never had any such thought, or knew of any such resolution,' concerning Our late Army. For the Petition shewed to Us by Captain Legge, We well remember the same, and the occasion of that Conference. Captain Lcgge being lately come out of the An account o/the North, and repairing to Us at ff kite-hall. We asked him of the state of Our Army, ^I'^jj^'T."^*^ ^"^' and (after some relation made of it) he told Us, That the Commanders and North of England^ Officers of the Array had a mind to petition the Parliament, as others of Our people '« Ae l^arliament, had done, and shewed Us the Copy of a Petition: which We read, and (finding ta^EeggP li^^^ it to be very humble, desiring that the Parliament might receive no- interruption in shewn to the King, the Reformation of the Church and State' to the model of Queen Elizabeth's days ;) We told him, We saw no harmin' it : Whereupon he replyed. That he believed ail the Officers of the Army wculd like it ; onely he thought that Sir Jacob ^ishley would be unwilling to sign it, outof feare that it might displease Us. We then read the Petition over again; and then (observing nothing in it, either in matter or forme, that, as We conceived, could possibly give just cause of offence,) we delivered it to him agaiie, bidding him give it to Sir Jacob AslJey, for whose satisfaction'We had written C, /2. upon- it, to testify Our approbation. And We wish that the Petition might even now be seen and published ; and then. We be- lieve, it will appear to have been of no dangerous tendency, nor a just ground fbr the least jealousy or misapprehension. For Master Jermin, it is -^ell known that he was gone from Tfhite-hall before We received the desire of both Houses for the restraint of Our servants : neither did he return thither, or pass- over;, by any Warrant granted by^Us after-that time. For S28 A P P^ N D I X. For the breach of Privlledge in the Accusation of the "Lovi KimboUon, and the five Members of the House of Commons, We thought We had given so ample satisfaction in Our several Messages to that purpose, that it should be no more pressed against Us, being confident that, if the breach of Priviledge had been greater than hath been ever before offered, our acknovfledgement and retraction hath been greater than ever King hath given ; — besides the not examining how many of Our Priviledges have been invaded in defence and vindication of the other. And there- fore We hoped that Our true and earnest Protestation in Our Answer to your Order concerning the Militia, would so far have satisfied you of Our intentions there, that you would no more have entertained any imagination of any other designe than We there expressed. But, why the listing of so many Officers, and entertaining them at White-hall^ should be misconstrued. We much marvel, when it is notoriously known that the tumults at Westminster were so great, and their demeanours so scandalous and seditious, that We had good cause to suppose Our owne Person, and those of Our Wife and Children, to be in apparent danger, and therefore We had great reason to appoint a Guard about Us, and to accept the dutiful tender of the services of any of Our, loving Subjects ; which was all We did to the Gentlemen of the Innes of Court. For the Lord Digby, We assure you, in the word of a King, that he had Our Warrant to passe the Seas, and had left Our Court, before W^ ever heard of the Vote of the House of Commons, or had any cause to imagine that his absence would have been excepted-against. What your Advertisements are from Rome, Venice, Paris, and other parts, — or what the Pope's Nuntio solicits tfie Kings of France or Spain to do, — or from _ what persons such Informations come to you, — or how the credit and reputation of such persons have been sifted and examined, — We know not; but we are confident no sober, honest, man in Our Kingdoms can believe, that We are so desperate, or so senselesse, as to entertain such Designes as would not only bury this Our Kingdom in sudden distraction and ruine, but Our owne Name and Posterity in perpetual Scorn and Infamy. And therefore We could have wished, that, in matters of so high and tender a nature (wherewith the nunds of Our good Subjects must needs be startled) all the expressions were so plain and easy, that nothing might stick with them with reflection upon Us, since you thought fit to publish itall. And, having now dealt thus plainly and freely with you by way* of Answer to the particular grounds of your Feares, We hope (upon a due consideration and weigh- ing both together) you will not find the grounds to be of that moment to beget, or longer to continue, a misunderstanding betwixt Us, or force you to apply your- selves to the use of any other power than what the Law hath given you; the which. We alwayes intend shall be the measure of Our own po^yer, and expect it shall be the rule of Our Subjects obedience. Concerning Our Feares and Jealousies, as We had no intention of accusing you, $0 are We sure no words spoken by Us (on the sudden) at Theobalds will beare that APPENDIX. 323 tTiat Interpretation. We said, as to Our Residence neere you, "We wished it might be so safe and Honourable that We should have no cause to absent Our-Selfe from ffhitehall:'" and how this can be a breach of Priviledge of Parh'ament, We cannot Understand. We explained Our meaning in Our Answer at Neiv-Market, at thePre- sentation of this Declaration, concerning the Printed seditious Pamphlets and Ser- mons, and the great tumults at Westminster: And We must appeal to you and to all the world, whether We might not justly suppose Our Self in danger of either. And, if We were now at White-hall, what security have We, that the like shall not happen againe, especially if any Delinquents of that nature have been apprehended by the Ministers of Justice, and been rescued by the People, and so have, as yet, escaped un- punished ? If you have not been informed of the seditious words used in, and the circumstances of, those Tumults, and will appoint some way for the examination of them. We will require some of Our learned Counsel to attend with such evidence as may satisfy you. And till that be done, or some, other course taken for 0«r security, you cannot (with reason ) wonder that We intend not to be where We most desire to be. And can there yet want evidence of Our hearty and importunate desire to join •with Our Parliament and all Our faithful Subjects in defence of the Religion and publick good of the Kingdom ? Have We given you no other earnest but words, to secure you of those desires? The very remonstrance of the House of Commons (published in November last) of the State of the Kingdom, allows Us a more real testimony of Our good Affections than words : that Remonstrance valued Our Acts of Grace and Justice at so high a rate, that it declared the King- dome to be then a gainer, though it had charged itself, by Bills of Subsidies and Poll-uioney, with the leavy of 600,000 pounds, besides the contracting of a Debt to Our Scots Subjects of 220,000 pounds. Are the Bills for the Triennial Parliament, For relinquishing Our Title of Imposing upon Merchandize, and Power of Pressing of Souldiers,— for the taking-away the Star- Chamber and High- Commission Courts, — for the Regulating the Council-Ta- ble, — nothing mordthan words? Are the Bills for the Forests, — ^The Stannary-Courts, — The Gierke of the Market, — And the taking-away the Votes of Bishops out of the Lords House, — nothing but words ? — Lastly, what greater Earnest of Our trust and reliance on Our Parliament could, or can. We give, than the passing of the Bill for the continuance of this present Parliament? The length of which, we hope, will never alter the nature of Parliaments and the Constitution ot this Kingdome, or invite Our Subjects so much to abuse Our Confidence, as to esteem any thing fit for this Par- liament to doe, which would not be as much so if it were in our power to dissolve the Parliament to-morrow. And, after all these, and many other, Acts of Grace on Our part (that We might be sure of a perfect Reconciliation betwixt Us and all Our Sub- jects) We have offered, and are still ready to grant, a free and general Pardon, as am- ple as yourselves shall think fit. Now, if these be not real expressions of the 2 u , Affections S30 APPENDIX. Affefctions of Our Soule, for the publick good of Our Kingdom, we must confesse that We want skill to manifest them. To conclude (although we think Our Answer already full to that pohit) concern- ing Our Returne to London: We are willing to Declare, that We looke upon it as a matter of so great weight, as with reference to the Affaires of this Kingdom, and to our own inclinations and desires, that, if all We can say, or doe, can raise a mutual Confidence(the onely way, with God's blessing, to make us all happy) and, by your encouragement, the Lawes of the Land, and the government of the City of London, may recover some life for Our Security, We will overtake your de- sires, and be as soon with you as you can wish. And, in the mean time. We will be sure, that neither the businesse of Ireland, or any other advantage for this Kingdom, shall suffer through Our default, or by our absence : We being so farre from repenting the Acts of Our Justice and Grace, which We have already per- formed to Our People, that We shall, with the same Alacrity, be still ready to adde such new ones as may best advance the Peace, Honour, and Prosperity of this Nation. A Letter sent from both Houses of Parliament, to all the Higk- Sheriff's of this Kingdom, concerning the late Tropositions jor Ireland. Master Sheriff', THE Lords and Commons ; being deeply sensible of the unspeakable calamities which his Majestie's good Subjects of the Kingdom of Ireland doe now suffer, by the barbarous cruelties and massacres committed by the Rebels there; and conceiving these printed Propositions herewith sent(which are ratified by His Majestie's Royal As- sent, and the unanimous approbation of both Houses of Parliament J doe undoubtedly tend to the speedy and effectual reducing of those bloody Rebels, the propagating of the Protestant Religion, the augmenting of the greatnesse and the Revenue of the Ctovine oi England, and the establishing of an happy and firm Peace for the future in his Majestie's three Kingdoms; and all this to be effected (by God's gracious assistance) without the general charge of the Subject, and to the great ad- vantage of those that shall under- write; — have thought fit to require you to publish these printed Propositions and Instructions at this Lent- Assizes, to the intent that all His Majestie's good people within your County may take notice of the benefit which they may receive by under-writing in due time ; And that so many of them as shall be then present and willing to subscribe, may give-up a Note of their Names, Sums, and dates of their Subscriptions, to you, to be entred in the Paper-book mentioned in the printed Instructions, which is forthwith to be sent unto you. And you are- further directed hereby, at this Lent- Assizes (if they be not past) by the advice and assistance of the Justices of Peace for your County then present, to appoint certaine days and places most convenient for this service ; when and where, your selfe,. APPENDIX. f 3t selfe, and the Justices of Peace within each division, will be present, to receive the Names, Sums, and times of Subscription, of such of His Majestie's well-affected Subjects within your County as shall not have subscribed at this Lent-Assizes, their Names, Sums, and times of Subscription, to be likewise entred in the Paper- book. And, if this Letter come to your hands after the Assizes, then to appoint such times and places as may best speed this service. And further, your selfe, and the Justices of Peace, the Ministers of God's Word, and persons of quality within your County, are hereby earnestly desired to shew themselves active and exemplary in advancing this great and pious work ; 'Tis a service tending so much to the glory of God, the honour and profit of His Majesty, and the peace and tranquillity of his three Kingdoms for the future. And you are likewise to informe those that shall under- write, that the Act of Parliament (which His Majesty hath promised to passe for the settling of those two Millions and a halfe of Acres) is already in hand, and that the Lands are to be divided so indifferently by Lot amongst them that under-write, that no one man whatsoever shall have more respect, or advantage, than another, in division. And, lastly. You are to give a speedy account to the ParHament of your proceedingis herein, and of those that doe really advance this- service. Thus, not doubting of your utmost care and diligence herein, we bid you heartily farewell. Several Votes Resohed-itpoii by both Houses of Parliament, co)i- cernirig the securing of the Kingdom q/' England and Dominion of Wales. Resolved, upon the Question, by the Lords in Parliament, nemine contradicente. THAT the Ordinance of the Lords and Commons in Parliament, for the safety and defence of the Kingdom of England, and Dominion of Wales, is riot any way against the Oath of Allegiance. Resolved, &c. That the several Commissions granted, under the Great-Seal, to the Lieutenants of the several -Counties, are illegal and void. Resolved, Is'c. That whosoever shall execute any Power over the Militia of this- Kingdom, and Dominion of Wales, by colour of any Commission of Lieutenancy, without consent of both Houses of Parliament, shall be accounted a disturber of" the Peace of the Kingdom. Vie Martis, 15 Martii, 1641. RESOLVED, &c. That the Kingdom hath been of late, and still is, in so evi- dent and imminent danger, both from enemies abroad and a Popish and discon- ' 2 u 5 tented. 33% APPENDIX. tented paWy at hon^e; That there is an urgent and inevitable necessity of puttfng- His Majestie's Subjects into a posture of defence, for the safeguard both of His Majesty and his People. That the Lords and Commons, fully apprehending this danger, and being sensible of their own duty to provide a suitable prevention. Have, in several Petitions, ad- dressed themselves to His Majesty, for the ordering and disposing of the Militia of the Kingdom, in such a way as was agreed-upon by the wisdome of both Houses, to be most effectual and proper for the present Exigences of the Kingdom ; yet could not obtain it ; but His Majesty did several times refuse to give his Royal assent thereunto. Ordered, that the House of Peers agrees with the House of Commons in this Proposition. Resolved, &c. That la thfs case of extreme danger, and of His Majestie's refu- sal, the Ordinance agreed-on by both Houses, for the Militia, doth oblige the people, and ought to be obeyed, by the Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom^ Resolved, t^c. That these shall be the Heads of a Declaration. Resolved, iffc. That such persons as shall be nominated Deputy-Lieutenants and approved-of by both Houses, shall receive the commands of both Houses, to take upon them to execute their Offices. Ordered, hy the Lords and Commons in Parliament, That these sever at Voles shall be forthwith Printed and Published, John Brown^ Cler, Parliament. Huntington, 15 Martii, l64I. His Majestie^s Message to both Houses o/Parliament, upon His removal to th^ City o/York. HIS Majesty, being now upon His Remove to His City of York, vhere he intend* to make His Residence for some time, thinks fit to send this Message to both Houses of Parliament. That He doth very earnestly desire, that they will use all possible industry in expediting the businesse of Ireland,, in which they shall find so cheerful a concur- rence by His Majesty, that no inconvenience shall happen to that Service by His absence. He having all that Passion for the reducing of that Kingdom, which He hath expressed in his former Messages, and being unable by words to manifest more affection to it than He hath endeavoured to do by those Messages (having likewis,e done all such Acts as he hath been moved unto by his Parliament). There- fore, if the Misfortunes and Calamities of His poOre Protestant Subjects there shall grow upon them (though His Majesty shall be deeply concerned in, and sensible of APPENDIX. 333 of their sufferings) tie shall wash his hahds before all the World from the least imputation of slacknesse in that most necessary and pious work. And, that His Majesty may leave no way unattempted, which may beget a good understanding between him and his Parliament, he thinks it necessary to Declare, That, as he hath been so tender of the Priviledges of Parliament that he hath beea ready and forward to retract any Act of his own, which, he hath been informed, hath Trencht upon their Priviledges, so he expects an equal tendernesse in them of His Majestie's known and unquestionable Priviledges (which are the Priviledges of the Kingdom) amongst which, he is assured, it is a fundamental One, " That His Subjects cannot be Obliged to Obey any Act, Order, or Injunction to which His Majesty hath not given his consent:" Andtherefore he thinks it necessary to publish, That he expects, and hereby requires, Obedience from all his loving Subjects, to the Laws established, and that they presume not, upon any pretence of Order or Ordinance (to which His Majesty is no Party) concerning the Militia, or any other thing, to doe or execute what is not warranted by those Laws ; His Majesty being resolved to keep the Lawes himselfe, and to require obedience to them from all His- Subjects. And His Majesty once more recommends to his Parliament the substance of hi* Message of the twentieth of January last, that they compose and dig.est, with all speed, such Acts as they shall think fit, for the present and future establishment of their Priviledges ; the free and quiet enjoying their Estates and Fortunes ; The Liberties of their Persons ; the security of the true Religion now professed in the Church of England ^ The maintaining His Majestie's Regal and just Authority, and settling his Revenue ; His Majesty being most desirous to take all fitting and just ways, which may beget a happy understanding between him and his Parliament,, in which he conceives His greatest power and riches doth consist. The Votes of both YLovszs 0/ Parliament, concerning the King's last Message, sent from Huntington, to both H.ovs£.s, on Wednes- day the sixteenth of March, l641. RESOLVED, &c. That this House shall insist upon their former Votes con- cerning the Militia. Resolved, &c. That the King's absence so far remote from his Parliament, is not only an obstruction, but may be a destructicm, to the affaires of Ireland^ Resolved, &c. That, when the Lords and Commons in Parliament, (which is the supreme Court of Judicature in the Kingdom,) shall declare what the Law of the 'Land is, to have this declaration, not only questioned and controverted, but contradicted, and a command issued that it should not be obeyed, is a high breach pf the priviledge of Parliaments ' Mesolved^ §M APPENDIX. Resolved, &c. That a Committee shall be appointed by this House to join with a Committee of the Lords, to enquire where this Message was framed. Resolved, Ssfc. That those persons that advise His Majesty to absent himselfe from the Parliament, are enemies to the peace of this Kingdom, and may justly be Suspected to be favourers of thie Rebellion in Ireland. Resolved, &c. That those that advised His Majesty to this Message are' enemies to the peace of this Kingdoraj and justly to be suspected to be- favourers of the Rebellion in Ireland. A new Declaration of both Hoitses of Parliament, sent to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, the sixteenth of March, upon His Removal from Huntington to Yokk. May it please your Majesty, YOUR Majestie's most humble and faithful Subjects, the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses of the Commons House of Parliament, having considered Your Majes- tie's Reply to their Answer, touching such persons as have been licensed by Your Majesty to pass into Ireland, do most humbly beseech Your Majesty to believe, that they shall always with thankfulness and joy receive from Your Majesty any satisfactory Answer to their just requests; And, as they hope, they shall find in Your Majesty a readinesse to rectifie those things which have been done to their prejudice, so will they be careful to remove all apprehensions of their Actions, or Speeches, which may seem to cast any dishonour upon Your Majesty, For Your Majestie's better satisfaction concerning the positive affirmation, that many of the chief Commanders now in the heid of the Rebels (after the Ports were stopped by Order of both Houses) have been suffered to passe by Your Majestie's immediate V/arrant : May it please Your Majesty to consider that therein they have affirmed nothing but what the:y had cause to beUeve was true ; the grounds whereof they humbly present to Your Majesty. The first ground is this, that both Houses of Parliament, ( having, upon Your Majestie's commendation, taken^into their care the suppression of the Rebellion of Ireland) had reason to be especially watchful over the Ports, because the Re- bels, abounding in numbers of men for the most part ignorant of the use of their Armes, could by no means become dangerous or formidable to this Kingdome, but by the accesse of Souldiers and Commanders, wherewith they v^ere like to be furnished either out of i<^ra«ce or i^/cBJiciers ; from both which places the passage into Ireland is speedy and easy through this Kingdome. And therefore they could not choose but be very sensible of whatsoever gave hherty, or opportunity, to such a passage, as of a very hurtful and dangerous grievance : for prevention whereof they didj upon the seventh of JS/ovember, agree upon "an Order^ and restrain alt pas- sage APPENDIX. Sy5 sage into Ireland, but upon due and strict examination by such persons as were trusted to make those Licences. A second ground, that the other Licences granted to the Lord Delvin, and then ackno\wledged by Your Majestie's Answer, were such (both in regard of the per- sons to whom they were granted, and the extent of the words in which they were granted,) as were apt to produce such an effect as is mentioned in that posiiive Affirmation, that is, to open a way for the passage of Papists, and other dangerous persons, to join with the Rebels, and to be Heads and Commanders amongst them :■ which is thus proved. The Warrant granted to Colonel Butler, since the order of restraint by both Houses of Parliament, did extend to all Ports oi England and Scotland, and did give free passageto himself and to his Company, without any qualification of per- sons, or Limitations of Number : and this Colonel (who was hiraselfe a Papist, and had a Brother who was in Rebellion, and was a General of the Rebels in Mu7ister,') was expected and very much desired by those Rebels; who, for a long time, kept a Regiment to be commanded by him, as we have been credibly informed. The second was granted to a Son of the Lord Nettersfield ; which Lord hadfour Sons in England since the Rebellion, one of which' is settled in England, and the three others intended to passe into Ireland; and v/ho were all dangerous persons,, being Papists, bred in the Wars, in the service of the King of Spain ; and one of them was Ifitely become a Jesuit. The third, granted to the Lord Delvin, extends to himselfe and foure persons more, unnamed. One of those who should have past with him, is taken to be a Jesuit j and another, who calls himself Plonchet, seems to be a man of some breeding and quality, and like to have been serviceable to the Rebels, and to have done mischief, if he had gone-over. The fourth granted to Sir George Hamilton, and three more persons unnamed. This Gentleman is likewise a profest Papist, and may be doubted to be of the party of the Rebels, one of that Name being mentioned in the instructions of Sempill ths Jesuit, amongst divers other dangerous persons of the Popish party in Scotland and Ireland ; which instructions were found in a ship stayed in Cornwall, which was going into Ireland with divers Jesuits, Souldiers, and others, for the encou- ragement of the Rebels. A third ground is this. That, by virtue and authority of these Licences, several persons have passed-over, who are now in Actual Rebellion, and joyned with, the Rebels; and some have command amongst them : which is thus proved. One Captain Sutton did, by virtue and autbority of your Majestie's licence, embark at Whitehaven, in the company of Colonel Butler, and was driven-back by foul weather ; Whereupon the Colonel stayed, and went to Chester ; but that Captain re-embarked himself in the same Bottom, and passed into Ireland, where he went iiito Rebellion, with the Lord Luiisany, and hath since obtained the place cf a Colonel amongst tlie Rebels ; as we are very credibly informed^- Two' S36 APPENDIX. Two of the Sons of the Lord Nettersfield, one a Jesuite, and the other a Soul- dier, passed into Ireland, in December last; both of them by virtue of your Majestie's Warrant, as we have cause to behave ; for that they went both together in one Ship, and the Licence, acknowledged to be granted by your Warrant, must needs be granted to one of them, seeing that the other Brother, who lately endea- voured to pass-over, did produce no Licence, and, upon his Examination, doth absolutely deny that he had any. A fourth ground, (whish we humbjy offer to your Majesty,) is this. That your Majesty cannot be assured, that no other did pass upon your Licence, as your Ma- jesty doth conceive, and is pleased to express in your Answer, and that we had great cause to believe, that divers others had passed-over by your Warranty besides the persons afbre-mentioned, and that, for these reasons ; 1 . Because we received such a general information, that divers, now in the head of the Rebels, were passed by your Majestie's Licence, which (being true in part, and easy to be effected, in regard of the Nature and extent of the Warrants, and probable to be attempted, in regard of the subtilty and vigilancy of that party, to make use of all advantages,) seemed to deserve credit ; which we should not have given to it, if it had been a naked information, without such circumstances. . 2. Because we had concurring Advertisements, from Ireland and Chester, that divers iPriests, Jesuits, and Popish Commanders, had passed-over, and were landed there ; and particularly some of Colonel Butler's Company ; and that the officers of the Ports had kept no Entry of the names of these persons, or of the Warrants by which they were transported. These Instances, we hope, will be sufficient to perswade your Majesty to believe, that, as we had some cause to give credit to the said Informations, so we had no inten- , tion to make any ill use of them to your Majestie's dishonour, but did impute the blame to your Ministers, who might have been more careful to have informed your Majesty of the Quality of those persons, named in your Licences, and so to have limited them, that they might not have extended to others, as they did, how many and dangerous soever. And they pray your Majesty to rest assured, that they shall always be tender of your Honour and Reputation with your good Subjects ; and for this cause have made this true Declaration of the full state of this matter, that they may think no otherwise of it than the truth : and in all things they shall labour to establish a good understanding and confidence betwixt your Majesty and your people; which they heartily desire and pray for, as the chiefest means of preserving the honour, safety, and prosperity of your Majesty and your Ejngdom. His APPENDIX. 337 His Majeshe's Answer to a Message sent to Him by the House of Commons, concerning Licences grajited by Him to persons to gbe into IltELA5!D. HIS Majesty hath seen and considered the Messsage presented to Him by the liord Compton and Master JSat/wiow, the nineteenth of March, 1641, at York, Touching such persons as have been Licensed by His., Majesty to passe into Ireland. Though He will not insist upon what little Reason they had to suspect that some ill-affected persons had passed into Ireland, under colour of His Majestie's Licence (Inferences, slender Proofs to ground belief upon) yet He must needs avow. That, for any thing that is yet declared. He cannot see any groU^nd why Master Pym should so boldly affirme before both Houses of Parliament, That, since the stop upon the Ports by both Houses against all Irish Papists, many of the Commanders now in the head of the Rebels have been siiffered to passe by His Majestie's imme- diate Warrant; For as yet there is not any particular person named that is now so much as in Rebellion (much lesse in the head of the Rebels) to whom His Majestie hath given Licence. And therefore, according to His Majestie's Reply upon that S,ubj,ect, His Majesty expects, That His House of Commons shouldpublish such a Declaration, whereby this mistaking may be cleared : That so all the World may see His Majestie's Caution in giving of Passes ; and likewise, That His Ministers have not abused His Majestie's Trust, by any surreptitious Warrants. And lastly. His Majesty expiects. That hence-forth there be more Warinesse used, before such publick Aspersions be laid, unless the Grounds be before-hand better warranted by sufficient Proofs. END OF THE APPENDIX. ICi WUki, Frinlu', 89) Cb«uwr;4au«, Liuuluu.- :„S';-i 01 V" I-, '/ J : \ DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. The Portrait to front the Title. The Plate representing the two Houses of Parliament to be placed before the Appendix. > THREE TRACTS PUBLISHED AT AMSTERDAM, IN THE YEARS I69I AND 1693, UNDER THE NAME OV LETTERS OF GENERAL LUDLOPF TO SIR EDWARD SEYMOUR, AND OTHER PERSONS, COMPARING THE OPPRESSIVE GOVERNMENT OF KING CHARLES I. ^ IN THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF HIS REIGN, WITH THAT OF THE FOUR YEARS OF THE REIGN OF KING JAMES n. AND VINDICATING THE CONDUCT OF THE PARLIAMENT THAT BEGAN IN NOVEMBER, 1640. LONDONr- BEPBINTED BY ROBERT WILKS, 89, CHANCERY-LASE, AND SOLD BY -WHITE, COCHRANE, 'AND CO. FLKET-STREET, LONDON. 1812. L THREE TRACTS PUBLISHED AT AMSTERDAM, IN THE YEARS I69I AKD l692, ENTITLED LUDLOW'S LETTERS. PREFACE TO THE PRESENT EDITION OF THESE THREE TRACTS, IMTITLED LUDLOW'S LETTERS. 1 HESE three Letters were published ^.t Amsterdam? in Hpljand, in the years I69I and I692, in the name of Major-General LudioWr who was then living in a state of banishment in Switzerland* where he died at a place called Vet>ay in the following year 1693, at the age of seventy-three years. But, whether they were really written by him, or by some other person in his name, I do not know. But, by whomsoever they may have been written, they contain an admirable vindication of the conduct of the famous Parliament of England that met at Westminster on the 3d of November, in the year 1640, and obtained from King Charles the First several im- portant Acts of Parliament for reviving and confirming the antient Laws of the Kingdom for the protection of the personal ^berty of English subjects against arbitrary imprisonment at the pleasure of the Crown, and of their property against arbitrary taxation, by For- ced Loans, Ship-money, Coat and Conduct-money, aijid otheir such, enactions, without the consent of Parliamejgit ; and fop scedressiqg a 2 other vi PREFACE. other heavy grievances under which they had laboured throughout the whole course of his reign. In the endeavours made to obtain these excellent Acts of Parlia- ment great majorities of both Houses had concurred with ardour. But, when they had been obtained, about the end of the month of November, 1641, a great division of opinion begaa to appear in both Houses of Parliament concerning the further measures which were to be adopted. For a great many Members in bdth Houses alledged, " that the King had now made- a sufficient number of concessions and confirmations of the rights and liberties of his subjects, to satisfy all reasonable men ;" and expressed an appre- hension that, if the powers of the Crown were to be reduced still further, they would not be sufficient to support' the dignity of the Monarchical, or Executive, branch of the Constitution, and that the nation would be in danger of falling into the confusions of a de- mocratical, or republican, form of Government." These were, as I conceive, the sentiments of that party in the two Houses, which now appeared in favour of the King, and was therefore called the Royal Parti/. And of this party the Marquis of Hertford, the Earl of Southampton, and the Earl of Lindsey, in the House of Lords, and Lord Falkland, Sir John Colepepper, and Mr. Edward Hyde, (who was afterwards Earl of Clarendon and Lord Chancellor,) in the House of Commons, were eminent members. And Lord Cla- rendon, in the History of his own life, (which was published in the year 1759, more than fifty years after the publication of his History of the Civil War, between the King and his Parliament, which he calls the Grand Rebellion,) informs us that, at this time of a divi- sion of opinion in the Parliament upon the further measures to be insisted-on by them for the settlement of the Nation, the King consulted with those three latter Gentlemen, and employed them as his confidential agents to support his Interests and Dignity in the PREFACE. yii the further proceedings of the House of Commons ; and that, of those three Gentlemen, the King was most inclined to listen to the advice of the last, Mr. Edward Hyde himself. The opposite party in both Houses was also very numerous, and especially in the House of Commons, where Mr. Pym Mr. Hampden, and Mr. Denzil Holies, seem to have been the principal leaders. This Party made answer to the Royal Party, " that they also should be satisfied with the several useful Acts to which the King had already given his con- sent, if they could be confident that the King would constantly observe them ; but that,— from the reluctance with which the King had been seen to grant them, — and from his former, practice of breaking and setting-aside some acts of the same beneficial ten- dency in the first years of his reign, and more especially that very important act, called The Petiiionof Rights (to which he had, with great difficulty, and after shewing great unwillingness to pass it, been prevailed-upon to give his royal assent,) — and from his liaving totally laid-aside the use of Parliaments for eleven years together, and governed the nation without them, as an Absolute Monarch over his people, which he had declared himself to be ; — they could not but think it necessary to require him to give his assent to one more Act of Parliament that might be a security to the Nation for his ob- servance of all the rest. And the Act that they required for that purpose seemed to be the most simple and natural measure that conld be rcsorted-to on that occasion; namely. An Act to vest the command of the Militia of the several Counties of England, and Wales (which was the only legal military power allowed by the English Laws and Constitution in time of Peace with foreign Na- tions,) in the hands of several Lords and Gentlemen, of known good affections towards Publick Liberty, who were to he^ named in the Act that was to be passed for that purpose, and were to be thereia 'appointed LoTds-Lifiutenants of the said Counties, with a power to appoint viii PREFACE. appoint their several Deputy-Lieutenants, Colonels, Captains, and Other Officers under them, in their respective Counties. And this proposal was thought so reasonable, and even necessary, that a majority of the House of Commons voted for it, notwithstanding the opposition of the new royal party under the direction of Mr. Edward Hyde and his two associates above-mentioned. But the King, when requested by the two Houses of Parliament to agree to this proposal, refused to do so ; and, when the Earl of Pembroke (who was one of the Commissioners sent by the two Houses of Par- liament to make this proposal to him,) asked him, " whether he might not grant the regulation of the Militia, in the manner thafwas desired by the Parliament, /or a limited time" the King, in answer, swore by God, " that he would not grant it even for a single hour;" adding these words, " You have asked that of me in this, which was never asked of a king, and with which I will not trust my wife and chil- dren." These words were spoken on the 9th day of March, 1641-42, when a Declaration of both Houses of Parliament was delivered to the King at Newmarket. And, soon after this refusaU the two Houses of Parliament issued an Ordinance by their own authority for the levying and regulation of the Militia, and the King raised an armed force at York under the name of a Life-guard for the defence of his person ; and, in a few months after, the whole nation was engaged in a furious civil war. It seems, therefore, to have been a measure oT absolute necessity in the two Houses of Parliament,'— ^affeer the King's refusal to settle the Militia in the hands of persons known by them to be true friends of Publick Liberty, and af the good Laws lately obtained fbt its proftectibn, — to take upon themselves to do it by their own authority ; though, in times of Peace and Harmony between the King and the People, the right of raising the Militia and appoint- ing the Commanders of it, belonged to the King alone. And, if they PREFACE. i, they had not done so,'it is almost certain that the King would have raised a Militia composed of men devoted to his own principles of arbitrary government, and under the coiTimand of Lords-Lieute- nants and Deputy-Lieutenants, and Colonels, and Captains, and other officers, of the same way of thinking ; with which he would have dissolved his Parliament, (as he had done all his former ones,) and have either resumed his favourite mode of government without any Parliament at all, or, if he had thought it safer to call another Parliament, would have contrived, partly by bribery and partly by the terror of his army, or Militia,' to have it composed of such members as would be willing to consent to the repeal of several of the be- neficial Acts to which he had lately given his consent. And there- fore, if the two Houses of Parliament had, upon this refusal of the King to settle the Militia in the manner they proposed, abstained from settling it by their own authority, (as the royal party, by the advice of Mr. Edward Hyde, would have fain persuaded them to do) all their successful labours in the first year of their sitting, (from November, 3640, to November, 1641,) whereby the liberties of Englishmen had been recovered and confirmed, would have been lost and thrown-away. This would have been so great a calamity to the nation, that the conduct of the Parliament in taking that irregular step of settling the Militia of the kingdom, by their OAvn authority, in order to prevent it, might justly be considered as an act of self-defence ; which is a right that belongs to oppressed nations, as well as to injured individuals. And then it will follow, that, if the suspicion, or rather the strong opinion, entertained by the Parliament, of the King's insincerity, in giving his assent to those beneficial Acts that had been lately passed, and of his secret and earnest desire of revoking them, or setting them aside, on the first convenient opportunity, was well- founded ; the Kingi and not the Parliament, ought to be considered b as X PREFACE. as the guilty author, or causer, of the ensuing civil war, and of all the blood-shed and misery which it brought upon the nation. Now " that this suspicion, entertained by the Parliament, of the King's secret desire of revoking, or setting-aside, all those good acts which he had lately assented-to, was well-founded," is amply proved in the three tracts here re-published, under the title of Ludlow's Letters; which contain an ample review of the several acts of misgovernment and oppression, from the beginning of King Charles the First's reign, to the month of April, l642, when he had refused to reside near his Parliament, and to act in conjunc- tion with them, and had retired towards the north of England, where he soon after raised a body of armed men for his defence ; which, in a few months after, brought on the civil war. All these acts of misgovernment are set-forth in these letters, with great clearness and strength, and supported by indisputable proofs, and form a powerful confirmation of the summary account of the first part of King Charles's reign, given in the introductory chapters of Mr, May's excellent History of this Parliament. The first of th^se three tracts is intitled, A Letter from Major- General Ludlow to Sir Edzmrd Seymour, comparing the Tyranny of the first four years of King Charles the Martyr, with the Tyranny of the four years reign of the late Abdicated King, James the Second, and was printed at Amsterdam, in the year I69I, or about two years after tl>e election of King William and Queen Mary to the Crown of England. And the drift of it is to shew, that the people of England of that time, had as much reason to be dis- satisfied with the oppressive and illegal gOA^ernment of King Charles the First, in the first four years of his reign, as their suc- cessors of the then present day, had to be dissatisfied with the oppressive and illegal acts of the whole four years of the late reign of King James the Second, and, therefore, that it was unjust to censure PREFACE. xi censure the great Parliament of November, 1640, for their resist- ance to King Charles the First, in the year 1642, when he refused to give them a reasonable security for the continuance of those good laws, for the redress of their grievances, which (in die grea^ distress of his situation, when a Scottish army, who had opposed his attempts to alter their religion, had entered England in a hostile manner, and taken possession of tlje Northern Counties of it) he had reluctantly consented to pass. For, if the late resistance to King James the Second for his tyrannical proceedings in his reign of four years, (which produced his abdication of thg Crown,) was iustifiable and even laudable, (as the Lettter-vn'iter allows it to have been in a high degree,) it must, surely, be allowed, that the resistance of the Parliament of November, 1640, to King Charles the First, after fifteen years of the like misgovernment, followed by a refusal of the natural security for his future observance of some late i\cts of Parliament which he had, from the extream distress of his situation, been prevailed on to consent-to, must likewise have been justifiable and laudable. This Letter is writ in a clear, strong, and spirited style, and accompanied with an abundance of proofs arid testimonies; and, with an Appendix of two pages, it extends through twenty pages of this Edition. The second tract is intitled, A Letter from General Ludlow to Dr. Hollingworth, their Majesties' Chaplain, at St.Botolph, Aldgate; defending his former Letter to Sir Edward Seymour, SfC. and vindicat- ing the Parliament which began in November, 1640; and was printed also at Amsterdam, as well as the former tract, and in the same year, I69I. This tract was Avritten in answer to a tract of Dr. Hollingworth, intitled A Defence of King Charles the First, oc- casioned by the lies and scandals of many bad men of this age ; by Richard Hollingworth, D. D. their Majesty's chaplain at St.^Botolphy Aldgate ; in which Dr. Hollingworth had spoken of the foregoing b 2 Letter, xii PREFACE. Letter, of General Ludlow to Sir Edward Seymour, in these words : *' 'Tis a lewd pamphlet that goes under the name of Ludlow," and had insulted all those persons who approved of that letter, and gave credit to the several charges of misgovern ment, in the first four years of King Charles the First's reign, that are stated in it, by calling them a vile brood and a factious crew, and other such oppro- brious names. General Ludlow in this second Letter, therefore, addresses himself to Dr. HoUingworth, in answer to the Doctor's charge against his former letter, of being a lewd, or lying pamphlet, and begins by observing, that, though Dr. HoUingworth has thought fit to bestow that appellation upon it, he yet has not attempted to shew the falsehood of any one of themanyinstancesof misgovernment that had been set-forth in that former letter, as having taken place in the said four first years of King Charles's reign. He then states again in a summary manner, but with great strength and clearness, the same acts of misgovernment which he had mentioned in his former letter ; and afterwards proceeds to give a very full account of the numerous acts of oppression and misgovernment, that King Charles was guilty of in the following part of his reign, even down to the breaking-out of the Civil War, in the autumn of the year 1642 ; and these acts he sets-forth with so much distinctness, and with such full and satisfactory testimonies and proofs of them, as to leave upon the reader's mind, no possibility of doubting of their truth. This second Letter of General Ludlow may, therefore, be considered as one of the most able and valuable histories of the -whole peaceful part of the reign of King Charles the First, (from the very beginning of it, to the breaking-out of the Civil War in the summer of the year l642,) that has ever been presented to the Publick vi€w ; and it compleatly justifies the Parliament of No- vember, 1640, for their prudent and resolute conduct in supporting hy arms the excellent laws, for the revival and confirmation of the liberties PREFACE. X.iii liberties of the subjects of Eiigland, which the King, in his late state of extream distress, had been compelled to grant them, when they found that the King persisted in refusing to settle the Militia in such a manner, as was necessary to give them a reasonable ground to expect, thnt he would continue to observe those excel- lent laws for the future, and not (as he had done on former oc- casions,) take the first opportunity that should occur, to revoke them and set them aside. And, indeed, it may truly be said that it is to the wise and vigorous proceedings of this Parliament, in 'the two, or three, first years of their continuance, and before they were disturbed and over-awed by the mutinous conduct of their own victorious armies, after the King was made a prisoner, that the subjects of the kingdom of England, after the restoration of the Monarchy in the year I66O, have been principally indebted for the several political privileges and advantages, that have exalted their condition above that of the subjects of France and Spain, and most of the other Monarchies of Europe. And, therefore, the memories of Mr. Pym and Mr. Hampden, and Mr. Denzil Holies, and the other principal leaders of that great Parliament, in those two, or three, first years of their sitting, ought ever to be held, by all true lovers of the limited Monarchical Government of England, in the highest degree of honour and esteem. This second Tract extends from page 20 to page 81 of the pre. sent Edition. The third Tract that is here reprinted, is in titled Ludlow no Lyar; or a Detection of Dr. HoUingworth's Disingenuity in his second Defence of King Charles the First, and a further Vindication of the Parliament of the 3d of November, 16'40; with exact Copies of ihe Pope's Letter to King Charles the First ; and of his Answer to ithe Pope. In a Letter from General Ludlow to Dr. Hollmgworth. Together,, jjv PREFACE. Together, with a Reply to the false and malicious Assertions in the Doctor's lewd Pamphlet, intitled, " His Defence of the King's Holy and Divine Book against the rude and undutiful Assaults of the late Dr. Walker of Essex. Amsterdam, Printed I692. It seems by this title of this third Tract, and by what is afterwards said in the Tract itself, that Dr. Hollingworth had, within the last twelve-month, published two Tracts; of which the first was intitled, " A Defence of King Charles the First against Ludlow;" and the other was entitled " A Defence of King Charles, the First's Holy and Divine Book, against Dr. Walker's rude and undutiful assaults ;" and that a Clergyman, named Luhe Milbourn, (who was Minister of Great Yarmouth^) had assisted Dr. Hollingworth in composing the latter of these Tracts. And both these Tracts are answered in this third Tract here reprinted. The latter of them, (which is Dr. Holling- worth's Defence of the Authenticity of the King's Holy and Divine Book, called Eipon 5flsz7«ce, against Dr. Walker's assaults, is answer- ed by a Letter signed Joseph Wilson, and dated from Yarmouth,, June 10, 1692, which is addressed to the aforesaid Mr. Luke Mil- bourn, and forms the first part of the Tract intitled Ludlow no Lyar; and is a clear refutation of Dr. Hollingworth's Defence of the au- thenticity of that famous book, and a full confirmation of what Dr. Walker had asserted concerning it, to wit, that it was not the work of King Charles himself, (as had been generally thought,) but was composed by Dr. Gauden, who was, after the Restoration, made Bishop of Exeter, as a reward for what was considered by the Government of that time as so eminent a service to the cause of Royalty. And, after this answer of Mr. Joseph Wilson to Dr. Hollingworth's second Tract relating to the famous book called Eicon Basilice, we have in this third Tract, an answer to Dr. Hol- lingworth's first Tract above-mentioned, intitled " A Defence of King Charles the First against Ludlow " that is, against Ludlow's former PREFACE. XV former Letter to Dr. Hollingworth, or Ludlow's second Letter here reprinted. And this answer is a Letter from General Ludlow to Dr. Hollingworth, dated from Geneva, May 29, 1692. In this Letter the writer of it inserts a Letter from Pope Gregory the Fif- teenth to King Charles the First, in the year 16'23, when he was only Prince of Wales, and was also gone to Spain in the hope of marrying Donna Maria, the daughter of Philip the Third, King of Spain, who was the son of Philip the Second, who had been the cruellest and most tyrannical King in Europe, and had invaded England with a powerfulFleet and Army in the year 1588, with a view of thoroughly reducing it under his dominion, and re-establishing in it the Popish religion, with its usual appendage, the persecution of Protestants, or Hereticks. Into this most bigotted, Popish, royal family was this Prince, at that time, ambitious of entering ; though the match was afterwards broke-off by some accident or other, (it does not appear clearly from what cause) ; and then he married another Popish Princess, named Henrietta Maria, the sister of Lewis the Thirteenth, King of France, who was very much bigotted to the Popish religion, and very desirous of introducing it into England ; and who, by her pernicious advice to her husband in matters of Religion and Government, (in which he was weak enough to let himself be guided by her,) led him into many of the bad measures that gave rise to the misfortunes of his reign. There was, therefore, good reason for the suspicions that many of his subjects entertained of his being himself a Papist, though he always declared himself a Protestant, and even at the approach of death. But, at least, it is certain that (if he was a Protestant,) he was not such a sort of Protes- tant as, (for the good of the English nation, and the preservation of their religion,) a King of England ought to be ; or it would never have come into his head to marry a Popish Princess. And, whoever 9«ads the Letter of Pope Gregory the Fifteenth tohira^ when he was in X\i PREFACE. in Spain, (which is inserted in this third Letter of General Ludlow,) and then reads the Prince's answer to it, (which is also there inserted,) -will be disposed to think that the Protestant Gentlemen of England, in that time, (who were real believers in their religion, and not persons who thought little about the matter, and complied with the religion of the kingdom merely because they found it established,) were very excuseable for entertaining some suspicions that the JKing was se- cretly inclined to Popery, notwithstanding his, declarations to the contrary. This third letter of General Ludlow, or second Letter addressed to Dr. Hollingworth, contains several further particulars concern- ing the cruel sentences of the Courts of Star-chamber and High- commission against Dr. Leighton, and Dr. Burton, Dr. Bastwick, and Mr. Prynne, and concerning the King's proceedings against the Scots, in order to compell them to receive the new Liturgy compos- ed for them by Archbishop Laud, and his raising an English army to force them to submit to his willin that alteration.of their religion, though the English Nation had no right to intermeddle in the dis- putes between their Scottish neighbours'and their King, concerning their national rights and privileges, either in Church or State, the Scots being a perfectly Independent Nation, and no way subject to the English Nation, though they happened, from the course of the hereditary succession to the two Crowns, to be at that time subject to the same King. All the King's proceedings in conse- quence of this attempt to alter the religion of the Scots, from the year l637, when it was first made, to the meeting of the English Parliament of November, l640 ; — and his conduct, after the rebellion of the Irish Papists, and their horrid massacre of the Protestants in October, 1641, in preventing the speedy suppression of that rebel- lion by the Enghsh Parliament, and in neglecting for more than two months to issue a Proclamation against them declaring them to be rebels ; P K E F A C E. xvii rebels ; and, when he did issue it in January, J 641-42, in his giving a special order tKat only forty copies of it should be printed ; by which he raised a probable suspicion in the Parliament and people of England that he did not wish that rebellion of the Irish Papists to be suppressed, but rather that he might receive some assistance from them against his English Parliament :r-All these things and many others, are stated in a very full and clear manner in this third Letter of General Ludlow, or of the person who wrote under his name, if he was not the real author of it. And all the three tracts that were pub- lished under the title of Ludlow's Letters^ and which are here re- printed, are highly deserving of a careful perusal by all such persons as are desirous of rightly understanding the History of the reign of King Charles the First, and the true grounds of the great Civil War that afterwards took place between him andhis Parliament; and they will be found to agree perfectly with the account of the same events mx&tx by Mr. Thomas May> in a more summary manner in the Introductory Chapters of his excellent History of the three first years of that famous Parliament of November, 1640, of which I have lately published a new Edition. FRANCIS MASERES. Iniier Temple, March 10, 1812. LETTER FROM MAJOR GENERAL LUDLOW TO SIR EDfFARD SEYMOUR, COMPARING THE TYRANNY OF THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF KING CHARLES THE MARTYR, WITH THE TYRANNY OF THE FOUR YEARS REIGN OF THE LATE ABDICATED KING. Occasioned ly the reading Doctor Felling's Lewd Harangues upon the SOtk of January, BEING THE ANNIVERSARY; OR, GENERAL MADDING-DAY. Neque enim salis am&rint Bonos Prindpes Qui IHalos nan Oderint. Plin. Panegyr, Thej can never love Good Princes as they ought, who do not perfectly ^bhor wicked Tyrant*. AMSTERDAM, PRINTED A?TNO DOMINI, 169 1. LETTER JROM MAJOR-GENERAL LUDLOW, TO SIR EDWARD SjEYMOUK SIR, rA.Y Love to Old England is such as can never be shaken ; no, not by an. Eternal Banishment ; but I must ever wish, and heartily pray for its Prosperity : And, though 'tis not permitted to me to Breath my Native Air, yet, " That it is now, in a great measure, freed from those Pestilential Vapours which poysoned it in the late Reigns, and that my dear Country is, at length delivered from that intolerable Oppression and Tyranny, under which it has long groaned," is to me a mattter of great rejoycing. 'Tis [with me) beyond doubt, that the late happy Settlement of the Kingdom is well-pleasing to God, and consonant to the Laws of the Land : For, as yir Robert Philips a.Sirmed in his Speech in Parliament, in the year 1628, it is^undoubtedly true, that the People 0/ England are under no other Subjection than what they did voluntarily consent unto by the Original Contract between the King and c/te People. And King James the First was greatly in the right, when ' he told the Lords and Commons, in the Year 1609, That he is rjo King, hut a B Tyrant, g A LETTER TiROM MAJOR-GEN. LUDLOW Tyrant, that governs not by Law : Which, (by the way) being true, the lateKing James ceased to be King even before his Abdication. And, Now (Sir,) you and I being agreed that (the late King having broken the Original Stipulation zaA. CcHirac/'," and becoming a Tyrant, by transgressing and annulling the established b.ws ;) the Crown is most ri;:,^infully pxiaced upen the Heads of ths most excellent Princes, King WiUiam and Queen Many; I shall demonstrate to you, That King Charles the Fiist, did equal, (I might justly say, transcend) his Son,_ (ivhom you have deservedly Abdicated) in all his Acts of Tyranny. To this Under* taking I am provoked, by the reading the many Idle, malicious, and Lewd Expressions, and Extravagant Encomiums of the first, in the Rants of one Edward Felling, who stiles hinjself Rector of S. Martin's, Ludgate, — a Person so- brim-full of Spight, Falsehood and Venome, that (the Cock being turned, upon the thirtieth of January,) he spouts-out a Sea of Calumnies, Lyes and Poison. He, as you shall see, paints-forth King Charles the First more like a God than a Many talking of him at this rate, viz. " That great Monarch and Martyr, of whom the- " World was not worthy, and perhaps will hardly ever see the like of him again ;, •' That Incomparable Prince ! That Mirrour of Princes, the Noblestef Martyrs,, *' the Wonder of Ages, and the Honour of Men ; That Innocent, Virtuous, Re- *' ligious, Matchless, Prince, The Lord's anointed, A Man according to God's own. *' Heart. " No King could be ever better than this. Under the Shadow of his Wings we *' did rejoyce ; Peace and Plenty ivas our Portion -, Every Man was sure of his " Right, as long as this Religidus Prince had his- just Authority ; every Man was *' easie in his Cottage, as long as he sat at ease in the Throne ; our Liberties were " secure, our Laivs had Life, and Religion never flourished more in this Aation^ " than under him. — He died a Martyr for Religion, and a Victim for his People^ " I am of Opinion, that if the Blood of any Prince, or Martyr, could be so valuable " as never to be atoned-for in this World, it would be that Royal> that Sacred,. " that Innocent, Blood." Now, To shew the effronted impudence of this little, fawning, lying, Levite, and to set your own, with the Thoughts of the present Age, right, in reference to this Idolized, Deified, Tyrant, I. shall endeavour to place him in his true and just Light.. And, (not to forget my proposed Method of doing it by way of Parallel, )I shall, first, recount the Miscarriages wherewith the last Tyrant was most justly charged ; and, when I have so done, I shall proceed' to convince you and all the World (my Doctor excepted, to whom I pretend not to speak, in regard I fkid him telling his Kind and Noble Friend, the late Bloody Monster Jefferyes, in an Epistle Dedica- tory to one of his Raving Tracts, upon the thirtieth of January 1683, that his- Ears are past all feeling) how much his Father out-stript him, even in the first four Years of his Reign ; for to that Time, I purpose to confine myself in this Letter. To begin: The late King, by his Coronation-Oath, promised and Solemnly swore to main- tain hi& Subjects, in the free Enjoy nunt of their Religion, Laws and Liberties j. Nevertheless^ TO SIR EDWARD SEYMOUR. ^evertTieless, tie overturned the Religion, Laws, and Liberties of the Kingdom, and subjected all to a Despotick and Arbitrary Government ; and so broke his Oath to the People, To come to particulars herein. I. He assumed to himself a Power to Siitpend and Dispense with the execution of the Laws, enacted for the Security and Happiness of the Subjects^ and thereby rendered them of no effect. And, In order to the obtaining a Judgement in the Court of King's Bench for declaring the Dispensing Power to be a Right belonging to the Crown, he turned-out such Judges as could not in Conscience concur in so pernicious a Sentence, and^ having pack'd Judges for his Purpose, he obtained the Judgement he required. II. He, against Express Laws to the contrary, did set-up a Commission for Ec- clesiastical Matters ; which was executed contrary to all Law. III. None were raised to Ecclesiastical Dignities, but such Persons as had no Zeal for the Protestant Religion ; He made Parker Bishop of Oxford, and Cart- wright Bishop of Chester, and IVatson Bishop of S. Davids, (who is most deser- vedit/ excepted 171 their Majesty's Act of Indemnity.) IV. The Bishop of London was suspended, only because he refused to obey an Order sent to him, to suspend Dr. Sharp. The President and ^Fellows of Mag- dalen CoUedge in Oxford, were Arbitrarily, and against Law, turned out of their Freeholds, and the College was put into the hands of the Papists. V. Lords-Lieutenants, Deputy-Lieutenants, Justices of the Peace, and others in Publick Employments, who would not comply with the Design of Repealing the Test and the Penal Laws, were turned-out. "VI. The Privileges of some Corporations were invaded, and their Charters seized. And Surrenders of the Charters of other Corporations were procured to be made. VII. lie put P^piitt into Civil and Military Employments and Trusts. VIII. The Archbishop of Canterbury, and six other Bishops, were sent to the Toxcer for setting-forth, in a Petition, their Reasons, why they could not obey an Older, requiring them to appoint their Clergy to read the Declaration for Liberty of Conscience. IX. The Earl of Devonshire was. most exorbitantly fined Thirty Thousand Pounds, and imprisoned, for a trivial Matter: And the Lord Lovelace was treated as a Crimincd, only for saying that the Subjects were not bound to obey the Orders of a Popish Justice of the Peace. SIR, I am the more brief in setting-down the Matters charged upon the late Km°, because the same are yet fresh in the Memories of all Men: but I shall be something more particular and larger in representing the Father's tyranny, in regard that Time has placed us at a greater Distance from it. ^ 3 2 That 4 A LETTER FROM MAJOR-GEN. LUDLOW Suspicions concern- That King Charles II. went-ofFby poisoned Chocolate, to make way for his Fror* ing King James's , ^qt^ when Matters were well prepared to set-up the Romish Idolatry, is a thing generally believed : And so it was, that King James the First was so dispatched ; as those persons may see who will turn to the Earl of Bristol's Speech in Parliament, Hushwerth's first and his Articles against the Duke of Buckingham; and to Sir Dudly Diggs's Speech Collectioni. ^^ ^he Delivery of the Impeachment against the Duke, at a ' Conference with the Lords ; and also to the thirteenth Article of that Impeachment, which charged the Duke with a very suspicious Plaister and Potion administered to that King. King Charles's first Well, right or wrong. King Charles ascended the Throne upon the twenty^- Favoiirites were seventhof March, 1625 ; and at the first gave the World a Prospect what was to Lau*°^ ^^ *° be expected from him : for he instantly took the Duke of Buckingham and Laud^ (then Bishop of Bath and Wells) into admired Intimacy and Dearness, and made them the Chief Conductors of all Affairs in State and Church ; and. that aspiring. Prelate had the Guidance of his' Conscience. Buckingham. The Duke's Mother, and many near about him, were. Papists, and he advanced men Popishly-devoted to places of the Chief Command in the Court and Camp, The good Archbishop of Canterbury, Doctor jibbot, speaks thus of him ; " He " was talented but as a common person; yet got that interest, that, in a sort, all the '^ Keys of England hung at his Girdle ; and it appeared that he had a purpose to " turn upside-down the Laws and the whole Fundamental Liberties of the Subject, " and to leave us, — not under the Statutes and Customs which our Progenilors- " enjoyed, — but to the pleasure of Princes." Three' Parliaments, in the beginning of this Reign, found and declared this Duke to be the Cause of all our Miseries and. Disasters; The Grievance of Grievances. Eaud. The Character of Laud, by the same great Man, Archbishop jibbot, was this ; *' He was the inward Counsellor with Buckingham, and fed his Humour with *' Malice and Spight: His Life at Oxford was to pick Quarrels in the Lectures of " the Publick Readers, and to fill the Ears of King James with discontent against " honest men that took Pains in their Places, and settled the 7'ruth, (which he " called Puritanism ) in their Auditors : It was an observation, what a sweet Man *' this was like to be, that the first observable Act he did, was the marrying the " Earl of .D. to the Lady K. when it was notoriously known that she had another " Husband, who had divers Children living by her. The Bishopoi Lincoln (Doctor- **■ ffilliams) procured for him, at the first, the Bishopries of S. Davids, which he " had not long enjoyed, but he began to" undermine his Benefactor ; and verily, " such is his aspiring nature, that he will underwork any man in the World, so he " may gain by it." This Man, after the Death of the Duke of Buckingham, was the sole Favourite, and was preferred to the Bishnprick of London, in his way to Canterbury. But to returii to our King. He obliged himself, (as yours did) by his Coronation-Oath, to observe, keep, and maintain the Laws, Customs, and Franchises of the Ifealm : Which had HE observ'd (says Archbishop Abbot) all things had been kept in order: But .. "y:, ^ • TO SIR EDWARD SEYMOUR. '• j But he broke the Oath 0/ Protection awr/Jastice which he took io A/j People, as the whole History of his Reign shews. To give you some few of the innumerable In- stances which may be brought therein : — In the beginning of his Rei^n he married Henrietta Maria of France : Be- KingCliarlesI.a!,'ree« sides the General ^7-<'c7ej upon that Marriage, he agreed to Private Articles mhyhW UiLmaxe-hr. favour of Pap'sts, (viz.) that those who had been imprisoned, as well Ecclesiasticks *'|^^j" '° tolerate Pa- es Temporal persons^ should be released : that Papists should be no more molested for their Religion, &c. Hereby a Toleration (little less) was instantly granted to Papists ; who, without fear of Laws, fell to their Practice of Idolatry, and scoffed at Parliaments, at Law, and all t Their Numbers, Power, and Insolence daily increased in all parts of the Kingdom, especially in the City oi London; which seem'd to be overflowed with Swarms of Locusts. This King wrote to the Pope, and by his Letter saluted Antichrist with the Title He gives an impro- ©f, Sanctissime Pater, Most Holy Father. He procured the Pope's /)«. P^'' Title to the Pope. pensation'iov his Marriage ; which was solemnized by Proxy, according to the Ce- remonies of the Romish Church. Pursuant to his Private Articles with France, he instantly granted a Special Pardons twenty Po- Pardon to twenty Popish Priests, of all Offences against the Laws ; and he built troduces some" '"" a Chapel at Somerset- Uouse, with Conveniencies for Friers, who luerc permitted Fneis. to tvaVi-abroad in their habits. The Lords and Commons perceiving the Protestant Religion to be undermined, T^e King's first Par- and all things apparently tending to an Innovation and Change of Religion in the '*'"^"'' Kingdom ; They presented to the King a Petition for advancing true Religion, and for suppressing Popery. ' He, by his Answer, assured them of performance ; yet, the very next day after that promise made. He assumed to himself a Power to dis- pense with the Laws of the Twenty- first. and Twenty-seventh of Queen Elizabeth, and of the third oi King James, in granting Pardons to Baker a Jesuite, and many ether Papists, which passed by immediate Warrant ; and were recommended by. the Lord Conway, Secretary of State, without the payment of the Ordinary Fees. The Secretar v,heing called to answer this m Par Lament, very boldly said,* that he never hated the Popi>di Religion ; That the King commanded the granting the Pardons, and that no Fees should be taken. This Z/w"-, as well as yours, made Papist Lords-Lieutenants, Deputi/-Lieute- UeputsVa^hts into ■ nants. Justices of the Peace, &c. As you may see by the Petition of the House of !'!'*';<;« ot uust and Commons, wherein they- complained of the increase and countenancing of Papists ; P""*-'* and named about One Hundred Popish Lords, Baronets, Knights, Esquires, &c. who held Places of Government and Trust in England and Jfales : And I shall here remember you, that, as his Secretaiy of State did not hate Popery; so fVeston,. whom he made Lord-Treasurer of England, died a Papist. He granted a Commission to certain Com?nissioners to compound with Papists for all forfeitures for Recusancy, from the Tenth Year of King James; whereby He prohibits hi» ^ -^ ^ o J J Courts and Otticers , to intermeddle with. • N. B. This particular concerning Lord Conway is a mistake, as the author afterwards confesses. Papists, they 6 A LETTER FROM MAJOR-GEN. LUDLOW they made their Compositions upon very easie Terms : And he inhibited and re- strained both Ecclesiastical and Temporal Courts and Officers to intermeddle toith Papists; which amounted to no less than a Toleration. Ancl allows tVie Po- In Ireland the Popi&h Religion was openly profess'd without controul, and prac- pish Religion to be x'lsed. in every part thereof; Popish jurisdiction beinj^ there generally exercised Iieiand. and avowed : Monasteries , Nunneries., &c. were erected in Dublin, and most of the great Towns, and filled witn Men and Women of several Orders. He promotes Cler- The Men whom he preferred to Bishoprichs, generally speaking, were unsound gyiiien of Popish jj^ their Principles ; they set-up for a New Church of England ; and corrupted our Religion, in Doctrine, Worship and Discipline : These laid new paintings on the old Face of the Whore of Babylon, to make her shew lovely : These were ready to open the Gates to Romish Idolatry and Spanish Tyranny; which, you well know, did, in that day, threaten our Nation to as high a Degree as that of France hath done of late. These, — particularly Neal, Bishop of H'inchester,ajid Laud, Bishr p of ^atAand ff^ells, — were complained-of by Remonstrance in Parliament, forcour- lenancing and cherishing Papists and Persons Popis lily -affected, and depressing and discoiuitenancing Pious, painful, and Orthodox Preachers, how conformable ioever: And Bishop Laud, being advanced to London, was charged by a Petition of the To puT)Iish a good Printers and Booksellers, to the House of Commons, that, the Licensing of Books book.was made then being wholly restrained to him and his Chaplains, he allowed Boohs which favoured ©/■London) and an il! Popery, but denied to License Books that were written against it. one a Vertiie; and •while one came-out with authority, the other could not have a Dispensation ; So that we seemed to have got an Exptirgaiory Press, though not an Exvurgatary Inrlesi; and the most Religious Truth must be expunged and suppressed, in order to the false and secular Interest of some of the Ckrgy. The House of Com" Mountague, one of the King's Chaplains, published a Book intituled, Jn Jppeal jnons complains of ^^ Ccesar, and another Book mi\la\td, A Treatise of the Invocation of Saints : In in favou? of Poptsh these Books he asserted many things contrary to the Articles oi Religion. This I'enets. being taken into consideration by the House of Commons in the King's first Year^ Tfiey voted, that Mountague endeavoured to recoiicile England to Rome, and in- stanced that he maintained these Positions : Some.of hisPosi- " 1. That the Church of Rome is, and ever was, a True Church. 2. That Images *^°*^^" " might be used for the Instruction of the Ignorant, and for Exrsons fefu«- the King's Service beyond the Seas ; others, of a meaner Rank, were either bound eomp'elied"'to ^^"^a- to appear before the Lieutenant of the Tower, to be enrolled for Soldiers to be sent bxoad on the king's for Denmark, or were impress'd to serve in the King's Ships. s^ld''^^' *"^ ^^'^"^ Now, can it be imagined that there could be found a Man so hardened in Wick- edness, as to avow these unheard-of Violences, which trenched into all we had? Yes, ah these oppressions there were in that, as in every age. Fellings, and Isc arjots, among the Clergy ; were justified by the Base Sycophants, Aspiring Time-ser-vers, the Vile Descendants of Combyses's Judges, °"*^''" .'^'^V who being demanded, W^hether it was not lawful for him to do what in itself was un- lawful, they {to please him) answered, " That the Persian Mokakchs might do what they listed." At the same Rate those ^/«^ Prophets, or Q.a.ttenngGentlemen of the Cassock, to scandalize the Laws and subvert Parliaments, prated to this King ; They told him. All we had was his JURE D I V I N O ; and persuaded him {iqho was most ready to believe u^ That the Right of Empires was to take-away B.Y STRONG Hand: Of these. Doctor Manwaring, in two Sermons before the King, (printed under the Title of Dr. Manwaring. Religion and Allegiance) inculcated this Doctrine : " ] , That the King is not bound to observe the Laws concerning the Subjects ". Rights, but that his Will in imposing Loans and Taxes, without Consent in Par- '" liament, doth oblige the Subjects Conscience, upon pain of Eternal Dam- " nation. " 2. That they who refused the Loan, did offend against the Law of God, and '' against the King's Supreme Authority; and thereby becanie Guilty- o£^ Impiety, «^' Disloyalty, Rebellion, tsfc. c « 3. That 10 A LETTER FROM MAJOR-GEN. LUDLOW " 3. That Authority of Parliament is not necessary for the raising of Aids and Suhidies. And^ Dr. Siblhorp. Doctor Sibthorp, Vicar of Brackley, printed a Sermon, which he preached at the Assizes at Northampton, and dedicated to the King : wherein he obhged his Couri- try with these Positions. r^x^^t^'Z^^^^M^' !• ^That it is the Prince's duty to direct and make Laws, (his Te«^, by the way-" serraont 30 j^iLTo^ss. was Rom. xiii. 7. Render therefore to all their dues) He justified this by that apposite Butwefindd^erenf Pfoof, EccL viii. 3, 4. He doth whatsoewr pkaseth him— -—Who may say unto him, Docrrine in Bracton WhUt doeth thoU ? and Pleta ; they tell us. That Rex Anglia halet Siiperiores, viz. Legem, per quamfactns est Rex ,■ cc Comites & Barones, qui dfhent eiframum ponere; The A'tng of England hath for Superioi's both the Law, by whipb he is constituted King fand v?hich is the measure tainted j cr ■ ^ 1 rn • „ ■> j - with this iiavisb ai)d ^nd temporal Things. Adulatory Doctrine) did well observe hence, That such Cases as Nahnfli.'! Vineyard might fall within this : And that by this Divinity, if (he King had •conitDanded all the Clergy of England to send him all the Money and Goods they had, they must have obeyed him, and left their Wives and Children in a miserable Case. The Good Old Man added. If the King do it not, the defect i? not in t/icse flattering Divines. Npn-resistance and 3. That, if Fr'mces command any thing which Subjects may not perform, because •agmnst the Laws of God, o/" Nature, or Impossible; yet they are bound tii undergo the Punishment, without Resistance:, and so to yield a Passive Obedience where they cannot exhibit an active one (right Sherlock.) Dr. Haiisiiet. ^*-- this rate Doctor iife^-jw^ifj -Bishop of Chester, had before preached to King James in the Time of Parliamcrd. He insisted (from the Text, Give to Gesar the things that be desars) that Goods and Money were Cssar's, aud therefore wire not to he denied him. Hereat the iliprerties 6f..the Kingdom, and . contrary u A LETTER FROM MAJOR-GEN. LUDLOW Mr. Vassal is sued in the Exchequer, for refusing to pay them j and afterwards Im- prisoned for the Mr. RoIIs's Goods are seized on the same account. and his Warehouse is locked-up. Mr. Chambers is hea- vily fined by the Star-Chamber. contrary to the King's Answer to the Petition of Right : However, by order of Council, he comtuamded the Customs to be Levyed. Pursuant thereto the Custom-House Officers siezed great quantities of the Goods of Mr. Vassal, a Merchant, because he refused to pay Customs ; and zn. Information being brought in the Exchequer, Mr. Vassal pleaded Magna Charta, and the Statute de Tallagio non concedendo, &c. and that the imposition was not jintiqua seu certa. Consuetude, and that it was imposed without assent of Parliament. The Mtorney General haying demurred to Mr. Vassal's Plea, and he joined in Demurrer, the Barons of the Exchequer publickly denyed to hear Mr. Vassal's Counsel to argue for him ; and said. That the King ivas in Pof;sessio7i, and they would keep him in Possession. And shortly after they imprisoned Mr. Vassal for not paying the Customs, as he had been before for refusing the Loan. The goods of Mr. John Rolls, a Merchant and Member of Parliament, and of Mr. Richard Chambers, a Merchant, being seized for Non-payment of Customs, they brought Writs of Replevin, to regain the Possession ot their Goods, but the Barons of the Exchequer sent an Injunction to the Sh&riffs of London, command- ing them not to execute the Writs. Also the Warehouse of Mr. Rolls was lock'd- up by Pursuivants, at the time when he was sitting in Parliament. Mr. Chambers was likewise prosecuted in the Star-Ghamber, for saying that the Merchants are in no part of the World screwed and wrung, as in England:. That in Turkey they have more encouragement. For this he was Fined 2000/. committed to the Fleet, and ordered to make submission, which being drawn-up^ and rendered to him, he thus, (like a brave English Man,") underwrote it : All the abovesaid Contents and Submission, 1 do utterly abhor and detest, as most Unjust and False, and never till death will acknowledge any part thereof. Rich. Chambers. To this he added, Wo to them that devise Iniquity, because it is in the Power of their hand; and they covet Fields, and take them by violence, and Houses, and take them away : So they oppress a Man and his House, even a Man and his Herita stranees,: do evince : they dealt long with the King, -with no other Weapons but Sweetness, ■ Trust, and Confidence ; and 'twas their only Endeavour and End to -make-up all Rents tund Breaches between the King and his Subjects ; but they found in him A-soumess of Temper, Fierceness of Disposition and Pride, joined with a n. B. ipeevishness of Humour, not to bear the having his Will disputed or controuled by 'ihe established known Laws; He was wilful and inexorable, 2iXidi knew not the things of his peace. Having Abdicated Parliaments, (for from this Time We .had eleven years- in- -terval of Government ivithout a Parliament,) He (as idle Boys say when they act , Mischief J began to play absolute Reaks, instead of Rex. 'Tis a certain Rule, Nemo repentejit turpissimus ; and I have here given you but a Taste of the miserable and Calamitous State, under which he laid us ; as you must conclude, when you re- member how (after the Dissolution of his third Parliament) he betook himself to New Counsels, and exerted his Sovereign absolute Power, and how despotically »he used and exercised it. Were I to continue -his History, (as I -may in another Letter, if you accept.this) ^when I lead you. into Westminster-Hall, you would see the Illegal and ^V'icked Judgements of the Courts there, to thecbmpleat Overthrow of the Liberty of our ■ Persons, and the Property of our Goods ; and in ope^ing to you his accursed Star- . Chamber ^nA High- Commission Courts, I should shew you his most Cruel and Bar- barous Finings, Pillory'ings, StigmMtkiings, &c. His Suspending, Excammunicat- ing. Depriving zxid Imprisoning the Conforming Clergy of theCikuRCH of England, for Preaching agaim.i Popery, for not reading hisSook for Sports '■ on the Lord's Day, and for not niahtng Corporal Reverence at the Name of Ji Jasus ; -I should -not forget to lay before you his Billeting of Soldiers, and his most » Arbitrary 18 A LETTER FROM MAJOR-GEN. LUDLOW TO SIR EDWARD SEYMOUR. Arbitrary Imposing and Exacting of Ship-Money, against the known Laws, and contrary to his Late Promise in the Petition of Right ; and ( which is never to be forgotten) his Accession to the Horrid Murders of those many Thousands of Miserable Protestants, who fell in Ireland. But, To conclude your present trouble, We long bore our Heavy Burdens, and the Yoke of this Oppressor, with Patience, even almost to the Breaking of our Backs; at length {no other Means availing to rescue Us from utter Ruin) We struggled to continue the English Liberties to ourselves, and to the Generations that should come after us, and to leave our Posterity as free as our Ancestors left us : And had we not so done, and that in the way we did it, where had your English Liberties been at this Day ? the Great Lord Holies told you the Truth therein, in his Letter to Van Beuninghen, in the Year 1676, when he said. That had not We, in the Parliament of IQiO, interposed, the English Government must have sunk ere now : for, save what we did. Not one true Stkoke had been struck SINCE Queen Elizabeth. SIR ! Having now made an End with my 'J'yrant, and, by the Particulars which I have presented to your View, set it beyond all possibility of rational Con- troul. That the Tyrants of whom I have treated, were at least Parallels : I shall now offer one Word for myself, which is. That in whatsoever I have said, / have had a Due and faithful regard to truth ; and do challenge even Pelting himself (who ought, for his own vindication, to do it, if he can) to convict me of Falshood in any one Particular here charged upon his Incomparable Prince ; and, if yoa shall esteem me over-tart in any of my Expressions, I say. That, if ta call a Spade a Spade, be unbecoming, I have transgressed ; if not, I cannot see how I ought to have expressed the Despotic and Arbitrary Pranks I have mentioned, by any other Name than that of Tyranny ; nor to have styled him, who acted them, other than a Tyrant, And, as to my Reverend Doctor, it seems a difficulty to me to find Words, proper and severe enough, wherewith to brand and stamp a Character of Infamy upon him, who, with such Loathsome Flattery and Slavish Sycophancy (at a most bold, wild, and impudent rate) calls such a ilfara as this. The best of Kings, A Man, according to God's owa heart ; Therefore, to vindicate myself in treating the Doctor as I have done, I tell him, in his own slovenly Pulpit-Language, (in his Sermon upon the thirtieth of January, 1683, dedicated to that Viper, Jeffryes) That such a superlative piece of Putid Imposture may well stir an honest Man's Choler, ana provoke him to spit some of it in the Villain^ s Face. And now (Sir) wiping my mouth, as good Manners require, after this so fou^ Pollution, I take my leave of you, declaring, that I will ever approve myself. King William's and Queen Mary's, and my most Dear Country's, JjAost Affectionate, Loyal, Dutiful, and Obedient Subject and Servant, EDMUND LUDLOW. ( 19 ) POSTSCRIPT. o 1 HOUGH King Charles the First hated nothing more than to Go- vern by Precedent, yet he would not pray without it ; and, none of the Liturgies suiting his Fancy, he had recourse to a Romance, as you may here^see. The Prayer of King Charles, stiled The PRAYER of PAMELA (to A Prayer in Time of Captivity, an Heathen Deity) being under Printed in a great Foho, called. Imprisonment. I^he JVhrks of K. Charles, and [n Pembroke's Arcadia 248, edit, also in his Eic^n Basilice. 13. printed 1674. V/ Powerful, O Eternal God, to whom nothing is So great that it may resist, or so small that it is con- temned; look upon my Misery with thine • ^ye of Mercy, and let thine infinite Power vouchsafe to limit- out some prbportion of Deliverance unto me, as to thee shall seem most convenient: Let not Injury, Lord, triumph over ine, and let my Fault by thy Hand be corrected; and make not my Unjust Enemies the Minis- ters of thy Justice. But yet, my God, if in thy Wisdom this be the aptest Chastisement for my unexcu- sable Transgressions ; if this un- grateful Bondage be fittest for my over-high Desires ; if the Pride of my {not enough humble J Heart be thus All-seeing Light, and Eternal Life of all things, to whom nothing is efther so great that it may resist, or so small that it is contemned ; look upon my Misery with thine Eye of Mercy, and let thine infi- nite Power vouchsafe to limit-out some Proportion of Deliverance unto me, as to thee shall seem most convenient : Let not Injury, O Lord, triumph over me, and let my Faults by thy hand be cor- rected ; and make not mine* unjust Enemy the Minister of thy' Justice. But yet, my God, if in thy Wis- dom this be the aptest Chastise- ment for my unexcusable Folly; if this low Bondage be fittest foi my over-hig^i desires ; if the Pride of D 2 ( §0 ) thus to be broken, O Lord, J yield of my noteiiough fiumble Heart unto thy Will, and cheerjully em- be thus to be broken, O Lord, I brace what Sorrow thou wilt have yield unto thy Will, and jo}' fully. me suffer ; only thus much let me embrace ^ what sorrow thou wilt crave of Thee {let my Craving, O have me suffer ; only thus much. Lord, be accepted of, since it even let me crave of Thee (let my Crav- proceeds from Thee^ that by thy ing, O Lord, be accepted of thee, Goodness, which is. thyself, thou since even that proceeds, frorji wilt suffer some Beam of thy Ma- Thee,) let me crave, even by the. jesty so to shine in my Mind, that noblest Title which in my greatest /, who, in my greatest afflictions. Affliction I may give myself, that acknowledge it my noblest Title to I am thy Creature, and by thy ie thy Creature, may still 'dfpend Goodness, which is thyself, that confidently on thee ; Let Cala- that thou wilt suffer some Beam mity be the exercise, but not the of thy Majesty to shine into my Overthrow, oj my Virtue; O let Mind, that it may still depend con- not their Prevailing Tower be to fidently on thee ; let Calamity be my Destruction ; and if it be thy the Exercise, but not the Over- Will that they more and more vex throw,, of my Virtue ; let their me with Punishment, yet, O Lord, Power prevail, but prevail not, to never let their JVickedHess have Destruction; let my greatness be such a Hand, but that I may still their Prey ; Let my Pain be the carry a Pure Mind and stedfast Sweetness of their Revenge ; Let Resolution ever to serve Thee with- them (if so'it seem good untoThee) out Fear, or Presumption, yet with vex me with more and more that humble Confidence which may Punishment ; But, O Lord, let best please Thee; so that at the last never their Wickedness have such I may come to thy Eternal King- a Hand, but that I may carry a dom, through the Merits of thy Sop, pure Mind in a pure Body ; and, our alone Saviour^ Jesus Christ, pausing awhile ; and, O most gra- ^men. cious Lord, said she, whatever be- comes of me, preserve the Vertu- ous Musidorus. A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW, TO DR. HOLI.INGWORTH, THEIR MAJESTIES CHAPLAIN AT ST. BOTOLPH-ALDGATE: DEFENDING HIS FORMER LETTER TO SIR E. SEYMOUR, WHICH COMPAREEITHE TYRAN.NY OF THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF KING CHARLES THE MARTYR, WITH THE TYRAJ^NY OF THE FOUR YEARS OF THE LATE ABDJCATED KING. AND VINDICATING THE PARLIAMENT WHICH BEGAN IN NOVEMBER, 1040. Occamned ly the Lies and Scandals of many bad Men of this Agei Veritas emergit Fictrix, I acknowledge it were better if we could have Joi's Wish, That this 9^y should perish, that Darkness and the shadow of Death should coyer it, that it should not see the dawning- of tlie Day, nor should the Light shine upon it; It were better to strike it out of our Kalendar, and to make our Januari/ determine at the 29th, and add these remaining; days to February. — Dr. Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, his Strmon at St. Laurence Church, Lon- don, JauHorjf 30th, 1680. AMSTERDAM, PRINTED ANNO DOM. 1691. AND NOW RE-PRINTED AT LONDON, BY ROBERT WILKS, IN CHANCERY-LANE. IN THE YEAR 181]» . '>.J TO ALJ. SINCERE LOVERS OF O L D E N G LAND, IN9ABITING IN THE ,PARISH OF ST. BOTOLPH-ALDGATE, LONDON. Dear Countrymen ; T' _ fFds a great Man's- Saying, That EVERY CLERGYMAN is not qualified to sustain the dignity of the Church's Jester. That therefore, before Men be admitt- ed to so important an Employment, it were fit that they underwent a severe Examina- tion ; and that it might appear, .1. Whether they have ANY SENSE. For, without that, how can they pretend, {and yet they do,) to be ingenious ? Then, Whether they have ANY MODESTY : ftr, without that, they can only be SCURRILOUS and IMPUDENT. Next^ Whether ANY TRUTH : for true Jests are those that, do the greatest Execution. And, lastly, "Twere not amiss that they gave some Account too of their 'CHRISTI- ANITY ; For the World has always hitherto been so uncivil as to expect something of that from the CLERGY, in the Design and Style, even of their lightest and most uncanonical Writings. But, With very little regard to these, two dull Books have been lately obtruded upon, the World, by one and the same Author, as I am assured; The one, under the Title of A DEFENCE of King Charles the First, OCCASIONED by the Lies and Scandals of many bad Men of this Age. By RICHARD HOLLINGWQRTH, p.D. THEIR MAJESTIES CHAPLAIN, at St. Botolph-Aldgate. The other, calledy 24' A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW talkd, A VINDICATION of their Majesties Wisdom, in the late nomination of some Reverend Pei-sons to the vacant Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks, OCCASIONED, by the scandalous Reflections of unreasonable Men By A MINISTER of London. Now, . This Author havinz sought these OCCASIONS to be troublesofne, and declaring a doughty Resolution that he will be further so, rather than lose the Lechery of his Ssribbling, and the vain^^oty of his Pedantry, 'tis Jit that' sUch an arrogant Levite, »Ei»tl Dd' "^ho seats himself in * a. JunQio, with their Mzjesties, to consult wisely how to pre- to the Detouce. serve them from a People vrho mean them no Harm, should be a little animad- verted-upon ; which task I undertook, after 1 found that Persons of better Ability would not trouble themselves with such contemptible Pamphlets. I had prepared, and did purpose to' have sent with this, jom^ Remarks upon the pretended Yiadication of their Majesties Wisdom ; but finding that my Notes upon -fi-^ Doctor's I)efence o/King Charles the First,- are swklP d bejtind the. Bulk which 1 intended, I have laid aside those Remarks, '//// 1 have occasion to write again to this tnighty Vindicator. PPhen 1 wrote to Sir Edward SeyftlSuf ihiltime twelve-Month; I only discours'd of the King's first four Years ; and did intend, if ever I wrote further upon that Subject, to have proceeded ngularly with the succeeding Years of his Tyranny ; hut having engaged myself to follow the Dodor in his Rambtings, I could not at present pursue my Intention ; but may hereafter do it. Having resolved to make this Jddress to you, my honoured Countrymen, L will take the liberty to observe two or three things, which are omitted in my Letter to the Doctor. He saith, page 3. 1'hat great Numbers call this King a Tyrant aird A ^ PAPIST too, though he so strenuously asserted and pleaded the Protestant Cause, as it is professed by THE CHURCH OF- ENGLAND,.. [ri-^/ means, THEIR PARTY.] . -Now, /i)^. he liighly favoured POPERY, is most evident : and to what 1 have al- ready offered to evince the Truth of that Charge, I do add these Instances. •I have told the, Aldgate- Chaplain ,-/^fl^ this King, by a Letter to the Pope, saluted Antichrist tt';V;& /^i? 7V//i? c/" Most Holy Father. That Leiter from the beginning to ^he end savours of Fopeiy. For, Kin" Charles's De- ^ • ^^ professes therein, that nothing" could affect him so much, as AN ALlJI- claration in his Let- ANCE v/ith a Prince that had the same apprehensions of THE TRUE RELI- «er to the Pope. ^jqn with Wmself, IThal was the 'KING of SPAIN, A NOTABLE PRO- TESTJNr.2 2. He calls Popery THE CATHCLICK, APOSTOLIC, Roman RELI- GION, all other, NOVELTY and FACTION. 3. He protests he did not esteem it a Matterof greater Honour, to be descended from great Princes, than to imitate them in the Zeal of their Piety, who had oft^n exposed their Estate and LIVES for THE EXALTATION OF THE HOLY CROSS. 4.' He TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 25 4. He solemnly engaged to the Pope, to spare nothing m the World, and to suffer all manner of Discommodides, even TO THE HAZARDING GF ESTATE AND LIFE, for to settle a thing so pleasing to God, as UNITY WITH BnME. Behold, what a good Sign of PROTESTANTISM here hangs at the King's Door Moreover, ivhrn //??f Pope's Nuncio delivered a Letter to him from the Pope, wherein PROTESTANTS are called MONSTERS of HERESIES, and the King was invited to return the Possession of tnese most noble Isles to the PRINCE OF THE APOSTLES; He expressed himself in these words: I KISS HIS HOLI- NESS FEET for the Favour and Honour he doth me; so much the more esteemed, by how much the less deserved of me HITHERTO. And HIS HOLINESS SHALL SEE WHAT I DO HEREAFTER. So that his Holiness shall not repent him of what he hath done. He was as good as his word here passed to the Pope, as all the World afterwards He delays above two saw. Tho' that most horrid IRISH REBELLION broke-out the 23rd of October, fhrillh MaL°aS 1641, the Lords and Commons, who complained that it was framed and cherish'd to be Traitors, in England, could not obtain a Proclamation to declare those bloody Miscreants, Traitors, till January ensuing ; and then the following Warrant went to the King's Printer from his Secretary or State. " IT is his Majestie'sPleasure, that you forthwith Print, in very good Paper, and And Orders only «' send unto me, for his Majestie's- Service, forty Copies, of the Proclamation in- |rocllama?ion "to be* " closed ; leaving convenient space for his Majesty to sign above, and to affix the printed. ' « Privy-Signet underneath : And HIS MAJESTIE'S EXPRESS COMMAND « IS, THAT YOU PRINT NOT ABOVE THE SAID NUMBER OF « FORTY COPIES, and forbear to make any further Publication of them, till ^' his Pleasure be' further signified j for which this shall be your Warrant. Whitehall, i^mxzxy ^, 1641. EDWARD NICHOLAS. See here what special care was taken, that a.fow only should come to the knowledge But in proclaiming if this Proclamation: which was at that time made more observable, by the late contrary.^y^ Scots fo be Frai- V,. X \ J ■ -111 J ■ I torS' "^ "3d used Practice against the Scots, who were, m a very quick and sharp manner, proclaimed, the greatest dili- and those Proclamation s/or/^ze'iV/& dispersed with all imaginable diligence throughout geuce. the whole Kingdom, and ordered to be read in all Churches, accompanied with Publick Prayers and Execrations. But his Aversion to the proclaiming and proceed- ing against the Irish Rebels, is not to be much admired-at ; for they called themselves THE OUEEN'S ARMY, and declared that they rose to maintain the KING'S PREROGATIVE, and the QUEEN'S RELIGION, against //&^ PARLIAMENT : And he had no sooner yielded to issue thits Proclamation, than {to obstruct the quelling these Rebels, and give them time to increase and strengthen themselves') the King withdrew from the Pariiament, and began Domestic Dissensions. - E Having 26 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW » Havifig given these slight 'Touches at the King's favouring Popery, and at his Accession to the Irish Rebellion ; / do novo leave it to you to make a 'Judgement^ whether he were so STRENUOUS AN ASSERTEROF THE PROTESTANT CAUSE as your'DOCTO'R. insinuates ; and I care not if, once for all, I do acknow- ledge, that THE CLERGY may, with good pretence to Reason, say, that HE DIED THEIR MARTYR; for his being wrought-upon by Jl^UITICAL COUNSELS, to impose a Liturgy upon the Scots, who had no such thing before, did very much contribute to the bringing him to the FATAL BLOCK. I shall now, for -my own Vindication, entreat you to remember, that I never call this King A PAPIST; and 1 have ever esteem' d it a piece cf Artifice in OUR PRIESTS, to amuse the People with the Suggestion, that he is falsely charged with Popery, thereby to induce them to disbelieve or forget his Crime, which was most visible to ell Men, the Violation of the Laws and Liberties of the Kingdom ; / have there- fore chosen to decline the Dispute about his Religion ; and am sure 'twill ije found that I have not unjustly tax d him with the Crimes of his Misgovernment, which did so plainly and iiiexcus-ahly appear to all. And why should we not think that such 'things iffere came enough to be stood-upon by the Parliament, and to justify. their Quarrel before God ? As if the Almighty did not abhor INJUSTICE, OPPRES- SION AND TYRANNY, unless Profession of Religion were alsa depraved: Nay, he abhors it more in that place where th£ purest of Profession is. That this King intended to bow or break us, to perswade or force us, to Slavery, . is so clear by the whole course of his Reign, that 'tis amazing that Men, {even of the highest stamp of TORYISM) should have front enough to deny it. The Parasitical Court- Priests did then preach. That we were bound to obey whatsoever theKing commanded, without questioning the Lawfalness. And why did they vent such stuff, but to flatter and please the King ? And how could he be delighted with it, unless he thought it true and agreeable to his Designs? And that he honoured these false 'Teachers, above the Prophets of the Lord, is evinced both by his advancing thetg, and suffering those Sons of Chenaan^ to smite those Micaiahs, and to push them with Horns of Iron that they might consume them. The great Philosopher 1 hemistius, did say with equal truth and Wit, that Flat- tering Clergymen did not worship God, but the Imperial Purple ; and *iis a sad Truth, that in cur day they have been SETTING THE PEOPLE ON MAD- DING ; and the low Dejection and baseness of Mind in too many of this Generation, is to be ascribed to their PL^LPIT-STUFF, which has been the Doctrine and per- petual Infusion of "Servility and Wretchedness into the minds of their Hearers. The Case being thus, it becomes necessary to expose such Men as these ; for 'tis intolerable that youi" Doctor, in his dull way -of Calumniating, should {as he doth) censure, reproach, and blaikenHhe Actions and Memories of so many excellent Per- sons, both Lords and Gentlenien, and also very learned and pious Divines, And on the other hand, a Reputation is to be won for King Charles the First, of Wisdom, by Wilfulness and subtile Shifts ; of Goodness ■ by multiplying Evil ; of ■^Piety, by TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. hy endeavouring to root-out true Religion. 1 have, therefore, in the ensuing Letter, taken some little fains in comparing his fair-spoken Words, with his far-difFering Deeds ; for 'tis most certain, that the World ever looks more at real Actions than verbal Protestations. / am sensible, my good Friends, that J now write to Men endued with Reason j let not the Goose-quill of a Chaplain at Aldgate make you all Ganders, and a sound of Words bewitch you ; his Tracts which I have mentioned look like pieces of Flat- tery compiled by A HUNGRY LEVITE, gaping after a Deanery, or Chaplainship at Whitehall. He, by his Counterfeit Colours, setts-off a deformed Cause to gull you. Have you read this T^ng in his Actions? and shall ^eperimental Knowledge be confuted by this DoctorV bare Assertions? Should we esteem "Truth by Words, how many Romances would be accounted as Authentic as our Bibles ? 'Tis Truth only which conquers the wise ; to be captivated hy ought else, argues Folly. My last requeit to you is, that I may be rightly understood ; I protest that no intent to trample on the Dead, or dishonour his Dust, but a desire td vindicate the Liberties of my Country, moved me to this undertaking. This unhappy King's Miscarriages and Crimes, should have lain buried in oblivion, if ECCLESIASTICAL MAKE- BATES did not rake all up again into fresh Remembrance, whether we will or no» I am not conscious to myself, that, by what I harue wrqte^ I have loaded his Memory with other than Matter of Fact and Truth, ijohich will be too hard far tiie greatest Doctor of them all. I am. Gentlemen, Tour affectionate Cmntty-man and Servant, EDMUND LUDI.OW. E 2 A LETTER A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW TO DR, HOLLINGrrORTH, THEIR majesties' CHAPLAIN, &C. IVllNE to Sir Edward Seymour, (Most Eximious Sir) bore date upon' your last M ADDING-DAY : Another being now come, I esteem myself obliged to justify what I asserted in my last year's Letter : to the end that I may keep my Country- men, and in particular those of your Coat, right in their Senses ; and inculcate into the'Men of this Generation, a due abhorrence of Tyranny, and a just Veneration for English Parliaments. Having come to this Resolution, and that upon reading your Jeivel ojf a Book, which you style A Defence of King Charles the First; (oc- casioned by the Li»s and Scandals of many bad Men of this -Age) which came to me as a New-X,ear's Gift from an endeared Friend la. London; I suppose you will readily allow me to pretend to a title to an Acquaintance and Corresp'ondence with you : For, though in the conclusion of my last to Sir Edward Seymour, 1 gave a Challenge to DOCTOR PELLIKG, (who occasion'd that) to * convict me of * Tho' 1 never have been, nor do think that 1 cvercanbe, cdilvicted of one Falsehdod in my former Let- ter, (or in this which I am writing) yet 1 will confess one Error committed this time twelvemonth ; 'twas this, I following a very faithful Historian, whose Printer, by an unhappy omission of one Letter, ran him, and me by consequence, into a great mistake ; and 1 relying upon that I'l int, said. That the Noble Lord Con- way had avowed ill Parliament, that he never hated Popery ; whereas his'words in truth were, that he ever hated it. ■ Falshood / A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW TO DR. ROLLING WORTH. gg Falslwod in any one Particular there charged upon his incomparable Prince ; yet I have not had one Word either from him or- Sir Edivard Seymour. Therefore in good ■MaanerSjI dismiss them from further trouble, as I might have done myself, had you not fallen foul of me : But, seeing you must be scribbling, and have taken-up the Cudgels, we must come to A TRYAL OF SKILL. To begin ; You appear very warm at first, and therefore not so civil as a Man li^ight hope you would be found, who profess so much Candour and Temper as you sometimes do. You say, '7}'j a LEWD PAMPHLET, which goes under the Name of LUDLOW. Why Lewd, dear Sir ! 'Tis a received Opinion amongst your Acquaintance at Billingsgate, that to call a woman If'hore, and say you will prove her so, will bear an Action ; otherwise not : I shall not therefore prosecute you for that, because 'tis only your say-so; you neither undertake nor offer one word to prove it : And indeed, should I implead you upon it, I perceive you have express'd yourself with that Caution, that I should be non-suited ; For you add, that it goes under the Name of Ludlow ; hy consequence it may not be his. Why thus unmerciful. Doctor ? You will not allow me to be Author of my own Book or Letter ; and yet you declare it a barbarous Act in a certain Essex Doctor, (his Name, I understand, is Walker) and his Virtues and Piety will, I doubt not, find a room in future Annals and Records, ('tis your own delicate expression) when yours will be forgotten. I say, you allow him not to- deny that your Martyr was the Author of Eicon Basilice. I meet. Sir, in the next place, with a taste of your healing Spirit. You treat me, and those who believe the Truth that you are no way able to gain-say, in a highly obliging, and most endearing, manner, A vile Brood, a factious Creiu, &c. "^^ ' ' We are, say you : I may not now betray my own innocence so far, as to suffer any thing of this to pass upon me without a Vindication. I have asserted, that your SAINT was a NOTORIOUS TYRANT, and, for aught you tell me to the con- trary, have very fairly proved it, and that by abundance of Instances. Am I unjust therein ? Why then do not you refute me ? Am I in the Right ? Why then will you set yourself to out- face the Truth? That you do so, 1 shall demonstrate, after I have minded you, out of my former Letter, what things you are either to falsify or justify (for you must know, that Railing, no more than Persecution, can ever make a Convert) when you scribble again, if you intend to convince any Man of an Error, who believes that King Charles theFirstwas a Tyrant : And I must tell you, that I am induced to make the Repetition which ensues, because I cannot perceive, by the reading your' Tract, that you have look'd beyond my Title Page ; for there you find the only thing you mention of mine, and that with indignation ; THE VILE BROOD, you say, call this Day THE MADDING-DAY. I am most sure that^oM do not answer, nor so much as cast a look t.ov/s.xds . any one . Paragrcphor Sentence of my Letter. Therefore, .This 30 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW ^"erai^Achofx"- "^^^^ informs you, that (amongst many others) the following ^cts of Tyranny^ ranny and Mis-go- are there enumerated, and placed to your il^/flrfjr's Account. I shall, (to oblige vernmentcommitted uqu) begin with the ChurcJi ; for I know it will please you to see that precede the by KingCharles, in "^ -: ° the fisj-t four years of "^^'^' his Reign. 1. ' THE KING we are talking of, in a Letter which he wrote to the Pope, sa- ' luted Antichrist with the Title of Sanctissime Pater, Most Holy Father; HE * procured the Pope's Dispensation for his Marriage, which was solemnized accord- * ing to the Ceremonies of the Romish Church. HE agreed to Articles upon his ' Marriage, that Papists should he no more molested far their Religion. He built ' Somerset- Home Chapel, with conveniency for Friars ; and permitted them to ' ivalh abroad in their Habits. HE assumed to himself a Power to dispense with ' the Laws, in favour of Popery ; particularly the 21st and 27th of Queen Eliza- ' beth, by granting pardons to Jesuits and Papists, which passed by immediate ' Warrant. HE inhibited and restrained both Ecclesiastical and Temporal Of- ' ficers ttt intermeddle with Papists ; which amounted to a Toleration. Popish^ ' Jurisdiction was exercised and avowed in Ireland ; Monasteries and Nunneries ' were erected there, and- filled with Men and Women of several Orders, HE * made above an hundred Popish Lords and Gentlemen, Lords-Lieutenants, De- * puty-Lieutenants, Justices of the Peace, &c. And his LORD TREASURER ' (fVeston)-died a Papist. Are these, my good Doctor, any of the VIRTUES ' and GRACES which King William and Queen Mary, (as you tell them in your ' Dedication) do daily imitate P 2. (To pass-on to the State of the Church of England in his Reign : Well^ '' might Men cry in that day. The Church ! OTHE CHURCH I ' This King's * Bishops, generally speaking, were unsound in their Principles ; they laid new ' Paintings on the Face of the o/rf Whore q/^by Ion, to make her shew lovely : ' They countenanced and cherished Papists,, and depressed Orthodox Preachers, * how conformable soever ; in particular Archbishop Laud (whom you. Doctor, ' will have to be a tolerably good Man) allowed Books which favoured Popery, but ' denied to license Books that were written against it. ' This King's CHAPLAINS endeavoured to reconcile England to Rome, and ' scoffed at Preaching, Bibles, and all shew of Religion. MOUNT AGUE, one of ' his Chaplains, being prosecuted in Parliament, for Crimes of this Nature, your ' Martyr was incensed thereat, granted him a Pardon, and made him Bishop of Chi- ' Chester.' ^And now, DoSor, pray tell me, have our most Excellent King and Queen made 'my such Bishops or Chaplains as these ?^ N, B. 3- ' THIS KING, in his first Year, lent eight SHIPS, (which he equipped with ' Moniei given for the relief of his distressid Protestant SisXer, ?/&^Electress Palatine, ' a:id the nopressed'ProieiXznX.s o/zi'f Palatinate) TO I'HE FRENCH KING, tofight * agaiasi the distressed Protestants oi Rochelle: These Ships were employ 'd against * the Rochellers ; and the French boasted that they mowed the Hereticks down like Qrafs* TO DR.HOLLINGWORTH. 3| Grass.' [ Pray, Sir, your opinion In the case ; Can you think their present Majesties will ever imitate ihsir ROYAL GRANDFATHER in this Point ?] 4. ' KiKg Charles the First, in the very beginning of his Reign, took our Goods ' fro7n us against our Wills, and our Liberties against the Lawk he raised an Army, ' and required the Counties to furnish Coat and Conduct -Money ; and against the * known'Lsws,put several to death ^^r Martial-Law ; HE levied Money upon the ' Subject, by vray of Loan, and menaced the City of London, that, if they would ' not advance him Money, HE WOULD FRAME HIS COUNSELS AS * APPERTAINED TO A KING.' [Jhat surely, dear Doctor, could intend no ' other than such a one as France is now plagned'with; it may signify King in that Language ; in our plain English, 'tis downright Tyrant.^ ' When it was urged that his requiring Ship-Money was unprecedented ; His * haughty answer was. That Precedents were not wanting for the Punishment of those ' that d'sobey the King's Comma/ids ; and that State-Occasions were not to be guided ' by ordtr.ary Precedents. Those tbat refused to subscribe to the Loan, were put * out of the Ccmmissions of the Lieutenancy and the Peace, and also imprisoned ; and * the Refusers of the meaner Rank were bound to appear, and to be enrolled for * Soldiers to be sent for Denmark; or were impress'd to serve in the King's Ships.' [Hce now is a ready way not only for the raising of Money, but also an Army for Flanders, and Sailors for our Fleet. But all your Rhetorick, Reverend Sir, will not work upon their Majesties to imitate your good and great Alan in these things neither.] ' 5. YOUR MARTYR suspended Dr. ABBOT, Jrchhishop of Canterbury, * who was a Man that wholly foUomed the true Interest o/England, and that of the ' Reformed Churches in Europe ; so far, as that in his time the CLERGY was ' not much eniied here in Knglznd, nor the Government o/" Episcopacy much disfa^ ' voured by Protestants beyond the Seas ) I say, HE SUSPENDED this Ex- * ceiient Person, and also CONFINED him, because (to use his oicn luords) HE ' REFUSED TO MAKE THAT GOOD BY Divinity, WHICH THE King ' HAD DONE AGAINST THE LA.WS. HE also thrust Dr. WILLIAMS, ' Bishop of Lincoln, from the place of Lord-Keeper, and his Presence, and the * Council-Table, for appearing in Pa;-//ame72< against the Kingdom's great Grie- ' vance, the Duke of Buckingham ; and afterwards he imprisoned him -in the ' Tower for speaking against the Loan, for refusing to allow Proceedings against ' Puritans, and prophesying that the Puritans would carry all at last. [I doubt, ' Doctor, that should the King and Queen imitate their Grandfather in these ' Practices, you would find yourself, AS IT IJ'EtlE, overwhelm' d with Sorrow, ' and that such Actions would s a- ell your Grief above its muul Banks, if not stir ' your Indignation.^ 6, ' THE TYRANT, resolving to subvert the Liberties and Estates of the ' Subjects to his Will and Pleasure, removed that grave and learned Judge, Sir ' Randolph CreWj/rozre-^.^e/i/cce of Lord Cbief-Justice of the King's Bench, be- '■-iause S3 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW ' cause he had declared himself against the Loan, and would not serve his turn in ' declaring that the King might legally imprison Men, durante befiie placito. \_My * life for yours. Doctor, their present Majesties will never folloiv this Example of sour PATTERN FOR PRINCES. 7. ' HE upon the 30th of JJNUJRY, (of all the days in the Year) 1627, * sent a Privy-Seal to. the Treasure/, for the remitting 30,000/, into Holland to ' Burlemark, a Merchant, to be employed for levying horse and Men to be brought. '■ into England to. support his Tyranny.' [And can you think their Majesties will ever write after this Copy ?3 8. ' HE had no sooner passed the PETITION; OF RIGHT into a Law, than * he was found to violate it, by billeting of Soldiers, and levying the Subsidies of ' Tonnage and. Poundage, which determined by his Father's Death; and were ' never payable to any of his Ancestors, but only by special Act of Parliament,* [^^nd what opinion have you of King William and Queen Mary, in reference to this point, my good Doctor ? 9. ' He kept the Earl of Bristol under Confinement, near two years, without ' being charged with any accusation, or brought to Tryal : And HE committed ' the Earl of Arundel to the Tower in the time of Parliament, without expressing * any cause- of his Com-mittment, in Violation of the Privileges of the Peers.' [I'll •warrant you. Sir, you'l never find their present Majesties at this fVorkJ] 10. ' HE upheld and shelter' d the Grand Enemies of the Commonwealth. When * the Z)MAe of J^McHwg'Aam was prosecuted in Parliament, as the principal Pa irora ' and Supporter of a Popish Faction, set on foot, to the danger of the CHURCH * and STATE, THE KING interposed to rescue him : When the Commons im- ' peached him, and by one of their Articles charg'd him in eflfect) WITH THE « MURDER OF KING JAMES ; THE KING told the House of Lords, That * to approve Buckingham's Innocence, HE could be a Witness to clear him in every * one of the Articles. HE told the House of Commons, That he would not allow * any of his Servants to be questioned among them, much less such as were near * him. That he saw they aimed at the Duke, but assured them, he had not inter- ' meddled, nor done any thing concerning the publick, but by his special Directions. ' He added. That he wondered at the FOOLISH IMPUDENCE of any Man, to ' think that he should be drawn to offer such a Sacrifice. HE dissolved three Par- * liaments, when they were intent upon the prosecution of the Duke. [ We are still at a loss, good Doctor ; this willnot fass with our King and Queen ; we shall never hear them speak, or act, at this rate.j ■ 11. ' HE imprisoned several Members of the House of Commons, (during t|ie * Parliamer.t)/cr refusing to answer out £^ Parliament, what was said and done in * Parliament, HE imprisoned others for managing a Conference with the Lords ' upon their impeaching the Duhe. HE, in the time of Parliament, sent Warrants ' for sealing-up the Studies of other Members -, and he caused the imprisoned Mem- ' bers TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 33^ •■ bers to be shifted and toss'd from Gaol to Gaol, to deprive them, by, that wicked ' Artifice, of the Fruit of \heir Habeas Corpus ; and of the Benefit of Freeborn ' Subjects for the obtaining of their Liberty; and thus they were long detained in Pri- ' son. The brave Sir yohn Elliot ended his days in the Tower, not without suspi- ' cion of foul play.' [[/ am sure, S>\r,you will not recommend those virtuous Practices to the imitation cf their present Majesties. "^ 12. ' HE struck at the very being «/" Parliaments ; he sent a threatening Message * to the Commons, that, if he had not a timely Supply, he would betake himself to ' NEW COUNSELS. At another time he said to the Lords and Commons, R E- <■ MEMBER THAT PARLIAMENTS ARE ALTOGETHER IN MY <■ POWUR. THEREFORE, as I find the Fruits of them, Good or Evil, THEY ' ARE TO CONTINUE, OR NOT TO BE. HE told the Parliament, the, ' 11th oi March, 1621, TYitX, if they shouldnot contribute what the State needed, he ' m^ust use OTHER MEANS. And his Lord-Keeper added, That, if the King ' found the Readiness of their Supplies, he might the better forbear the use of his * Prerogative ; That the King chose that way of Parliament, not as the only way, ' but as the fittest ; not as destitute of others, but ^5 MOST AGREEABLE TO ' HIS DISPOSITION.' \_You will readily agree with me, dear Sir, that King William hath not learn' d this way of speaking to Parliaments.!^ I have now. Reverend Sir, briefly run-over my former Letter, and thence pre- sented you with a Bone to pick ; indeed a dozen, as luck will have it : and I could have doubled the number. But, fpr the present, these may stay your. Stomach, this being a Fasting-Day. 1 must now tell you, that I am as much to aiek as ever, iox, the Virtues of the Martyr, which deserve their Majesties imitation. But, methinks, 1 hear you reply to me, " So you will eternally be, if you read such lewd Pamphlets, as Ludlow con- verses with ; you must apply yourself to the impartial, learned, and infallibly con- vincing Works of the most candid Dr. Hollingworth, if you will be enlightened in this great Point : We, good Man, jogs steadily on in the way of Truth, sparing no Party, you may take my word for it." Mjay I so ? He's, then the Man for my Mo- »ey; and, casting-ofF my Strurrtpet oiz Pamphlet,! WiW READ, TRY,and JUDGE^ according as another DoSfor advises the Lewd Fol^s. And, I proceed ( Sir) to the Examination of your Defence of King Charles the First,, You. tell us, that, in lookin'g-into and considering his Life, you will find yourself equally affected with Joy and Grief. Now I shall attenipt to a§suage your Grief; but, in doing it, shall abate so much of your conceived Joy, that, with the late Eloquent Recorder, I doubt I shall bring you to a handful of Grief and a handful of Sorrow. You ground your joy upon your meeting with a Person so admirably tempered, i^o greatly condescending, so ready to comply with whatever was presented to him for the good of his Subjects, of so great Constancy to the Religious Persuasions of his own Mind, that ^e would not forsake them. F To 34 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW To begin with the last; because ybu will have the Church to tate place of the State. Are not we'made happy at this day by the Hereditary StubbornHess oi your Martyr's Son ? he was so constant to the Religious Persuasions of his own Mind, that, rather than forsake them, he very, faithfully abdicated the Throne ; He sacrificed [bis Grown to FATHER PETRE's IDOLATRY; his Father sacrificed his to 'FATHER LA-UD's SUPERSTITION. H[S TEMPER will be seen hereafter : I shall in this place only enquire, whe- ther it appeared so admirably good as you insinuate, when he struck the iMoble Earl of Denbigh A BOX ON THE EAR, for only walking in the Privy Gallery at FFhitehall. We are anon to exixnine Sif Condescension and Compliance for ibe good of the People; sind, in doing it, shall evince, how little you understand the History . of his Life, and what reason there is to mortify a Chaplain of their present Majes- ties, for recommending this KING as apntiern to future Princes. I come now CSir) x.o your Melancholy Part, which you thus express ; 1 have hem often overwhelmed, AS IT WERE, with Sorrow and loading Grief. That, AS IT WERE, secures some hope in your case^ for -which there had been no room, had you been in earnest overwhelm'd. Butj pray, what brings you, Doctor, into this un- happy case ? " Why, this Prince, (you will tell'ine) so every-way great and good, is liheWd by every sawcy Scribbler. AfaSious number of Memiever speak of him but as a TYRANT, A ROG UE, A RASCAL : They call the Day on which he was murdered, and which is appointed by the Supream Power of the Nation to be religiously observed^ THE MADDING-DAY." There's no remedy (Sir) -but Patience; there will ever be found some sawcy Scribbler, or other, upon this "Subject, whilst the World is troubled with^any silly Defender of this TYR'ANT ; for, aS such, I shall continue to talk of him,' and that ^ witk Oemoristratlon. But 1 must suspect that you have learn'd the rude Terms of ' ROGUE AND RASCAL from your oyNn factious Crew, (you know who I mean} V/hen they are speaking of his present Majesty. Now {dear Doctor) as to your MADDING-DAY, allow me to present you with the Opinion of a Person tolerably wise and thoughtful ; I mean Dr. Burnet, now Lord Bishop of Salisbury, in -his Sermhn before the Aldermen oi London, (the Lord Mayor being sick, and therefore absent) at St. Lawrence CAarf^, upon the 30t\i oS January, 1680. He did express himself in these words : I acknowledge it were better if we could have JcA's JVish, That that Day ihoulA perish, that Darktuss and the shadow of Death shculd cover it, that it shou.d not see the dawning of the Day, nor should the Light shine upon it : It were better to strike it out of our Kalender, and to make our •January determine at the 29th, and add these remaining days to February. In hope (Sir) that I have here offered something to cool your red-hot Zeal for the Observation of this Day; upon which,' you; and many of your high-flown Bre- thren, have too long" spouted-o'ut most fulsome Flattery upon jKoa'' Rffnal Martyr ^ and been infusing Principles oi Slavery into the free-born People of EIsGLAND. I now proceed upon your Defence: You say, that your Grief swells above its usual ■-Bank ; and stirs pur indignationagainst a VILE BROOD. Why ? in earnest, Doctor'y TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. g ^ Boctsr, 'tis time to look-out for a Cure; 'tis not above two or three Minutes since you appeared only, AS IT WERE, overwhelm" d with Serrow : Now the over- flowing of your Grief, and raising your Choler, speaks your case, AS IT WERE, desperate; and I doubt you will run mad before your next MADDING^ DAY: But I have undertaken the drudgery of reading you through, and must take what follows ; and so must you. You go-on telling me, Thdit fiom these two Passions of Grief and ^nger, you are resolved to vindicate this great Prince; and, IF POSSIBLE, to shame those who do shew hy what they vent, that they have neither Knowledge, Wisdom, nor good Man- ners, nor indeed any thing else, that belongs to the Human as well as Christian . Nature. I found (Sir) by your staring and foamingat the Mouth, what you would come to, and 'tis now with you as I foretold; Would any man in his Wits set himself not only to put a Herd of Wild Beasts to shame, but also to teach them Letters and Breed- ing ? But an angry Doctor thinks himself fit for any thing, when at the same time I esteem him capable of nothing ; for no man that falls into a passion can argue well ; and you. Sir, have undertaken a much more difficult task than you are aware of. For I have read in the, fore-mentioned Sermon of the Learned Bishop of Salisbury, an Expression to this effect; That it might be expected that he should enlarge on the Virtues, the Piety, the Magnanimity and Constancy of Mind, of this your Martyr ; but he confessed the performing this to }e a Task abct^e his strength. But. what will not an aspiring Chaplain essay i I have now (Sir) reached to what you resolve-upon. You tell me, that you intend only to run through the last eight Years of his reign. P''?^ *• Do you so. Sir ? here's a snake in the Grass, Doctor, or else, why do you skip his first Sixteen Years ? I wish, that, instead of running-through (which argues you in haste) I do not find you flying-over, the Years you pitch-upon ; if you do, I shall endeavour to lure you back again ; which that I may the more certainly do, I deter- mine to keep pace with, or in sight of, you. Proceeding; you say, thzt you are certain, that from the beginning of the Long Parliament, November 4, to the day of his Death, he did .every thing u4LM0S^ that deserved a better Reception than it met withal ; and made such various Offers and Condescensions, as would have pleased any sort cfMen but those who were resolved to be Masters pf his whole Crown and Dignity, &c. 'Tis something unhappy, good Doctor ! when you seem to speak with assurance, that you dare not adventure to do it without a Reserve ; your ALMOST ih this place, abates much of the Glory of this Paragraph : He did every thing AL- MOST ; he made Offers and Condescensions ; what those were, I suppose you in- tend to inform me by and by. When I see them, we will talk about them; and then, should it be found that they were such as were not satisfactory to the Lords and Commons in that great Parliament, you will deserve to be TOPHAMIZED for slandering the Representative Body of the English Nation : and truly I think you fierit something beyond that punishment, for saying that their most Excellent Ma- F 2 »w. 2Q A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLoW ' jesttes, Kiitg'WilTizm afid Queen Mary, do daily imitate th'e virtues and graees of- a King,who,you agree, might h&ie committed some Mistakes in his Government, in bis first sixteen Years Reign, and yet did every thing (with an unlucky) ALMOST to redress such things as his Male-zldminrstration had put out of order, SO FAR AS HE COULD BE SATISFIED THEY WERE OUT OF ORDER. For the eternal Honour of their present Majejiies, and to the unspeakable Comfort of all good Englishmen^ we see them daily abquiescing in the Wisdom of their great Council, and redressing, not only ALMOST, but ALTOGETHER, the Dis- orders and Grievances of two or three unhappy Reigns. In the next place yeu affirm,' That^ when the-'Parliament sat-down in 1 640, the King proposed and resolved to consent to every thing they could offer, which might be really rfor the goodefhrr Kingdom.' You are, Sir, too general herein for my Conversation ; you talk as. though you had been one of his Privy-Ceuncil, or, at least, a Chaplain to Archbishop Laud. I cannot say what his Purpdses or Resolutions were; but, when " we come to Particulars, shall endeavour to weigh them by his Actions, Page's. "Pursuant to what he proposed and resolved, (say you)' ^^ tells them frankly in his first Speech, that he was resolved, to put himself freely and clearly on the Love and affection of his ENGLISH SUBJECTS, and wi(hal,^promises them to concur so heartily with them, that all the World may see, that his Intentions HAVE EVER BEEN, and shall he, to make THIS a glorious Kingdom, Having said this, you are running-on. Doctor, but with too much speed for me ; you instantly add, I think, &c. Well, so you may, and I intend to hear what that is anon ; for now, and not till now, you have cut me out Work, and I must intreat you to pause a little, ^.nd hear what I observe- upon what you but now declared; He told them he resolved to put himself freely and clearly on the LOVE und AFFECTION of his ENG- LISH SUBJECTS. Can this be true. Doctor? Did he in earnest say so? Why, he was born at Bumferlif^ ; how then can you represent him as abdicating his Ancient Kingdom, and renouncing the Lote and Affection of the Scottish Nation ? — Seeii^ you are silent in this matter, I must, it seems, take the pains to examine it; and 'I promise to supply your Omission with Impartiality, and all imaginable regard to Truth. And, in doing it, shall shew, with what brevity I can, not only the reason "^^h^ your Martyr did, at this! Juncture, c^r^Jj and cajole an English Parlia- meni; btit^ow our Nation became'so happy as to see' one assembled, when oar Fathers had almost forgot the Name oi z' Parliament. The Story is this : Rise of the troublei The Reformaiionxyf 'England had never abrogated^ nor scarce shaken, the Prela- in Scotland. fjcal Dignify in any Parliament. But in Scotland' it was quite rooted out by Law, •that Church having befen ever much addicted to the Reformation of Geneva. By degrees it was restored, by the extraordinary Interposition of the Power of King James the First ; yet not without many DifEculties, nor without great Reluctancy of the Nobility, Gentry, and most of the Minifters of that Nation. They suiFered a great Diminution of their Temporal Liberties by the Introduction of 'Episcopal Jurisdiction, the Bishops using rigorous proceedings .against Gentlemen of TO Dft. HOLLINGWORTH. 57 of Quality, by Fines, Imprisonments, &c. And the whole structure of 'Ercksm- ticUl Policy, — so long used in Scotland, and established by so many Acts of Parlia- ment, — was, at one blow, thrown down ; their Confijlories, Clajps, and Presbyterits, were held to be of the nature of Conventicles; and all Decision of Eccksiajiical Contro- verfies was confined to ihe Tribunal o^ z Ei-hop. That fierce, cruel, insolent, and Popish I y-affected Archbishop Z,fl» ^^^'^' The N>b:lit, Gentry, and A/w/.s/fr^ petitioned against it. The King threatened to prosecute them as Rebels, and commanded the Council to receive no more Petitions : Thereupon several of the Noi'ility, in the Name of the Petitioners, made a Protestation^ that the Service-Book was full of Supcrsition and Idolatry, and ought not to be ob- truded upon -them without consent of a -Nation'^ I Synod,' which in such Cases should judge: i hat-' it was unjust to deny -them Liberty to -accuse the Bishops being * Dv. Hollingioorth, in his Tract called A VincUcationvftheir~ Majesties Wisdom, he. p. Q, saith, that Laud -was a VERY GOOD MAN, the Boole ofSfiorts excepted. For aught I know, he meant this Scotch Book ; for it made Sport with a wiiiiess : ifhe did not, I am sur^ this deserved an exception also. lani sensible of the Doctor's Infirmities, " that he isaddicted to rash and inconsiderate Railing." -Tihere- fore, though I wili not humour him, in reciting the Authority which 1 have for this Hack story of h\s ot/ier- toaysveiy good man, Ueciiuse I have m his Works no moie than his bare woid for what he asserts, my good- nature prompts ine to advise him not give me the Lie in this matter : for I know those who have been at Ronie,and lean produce a most reputable Memberof the Church of England forwhatihere charge upon thatrery Hi Man, Laud. After this friendly caution, the Doctor may deny it, ifhe dares. guilty S8 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW guilty of High Crimes ; of which till they were cleared, they did reject tiiem as Judges or Govemours of them : They justified their own meetings, and subscrib- ing to Petitions, as heing to defend the Glory of God, the Kings Honour, and The Scottish nation- Liberties of the Realm. at Covenant of 1580 The 5co/s Concluded to renew the COVENANT which had been made and. less"^^^ '° ^ ' sealed under King James's Hand^ in the Year 1580 ; afterwards confirmed by all the Estates of the Kingdom, and the Decree of the National Synod, in 1 58 1 ; This Covenant was for the Defence of the Puritv of Religion, and the King's Person and Rights, against the Church of Rome. This was begun in February, 1638, and was so fast subscribed throughout the Kingdom, that, before the end of April, a man was scarce accounted to be of the Reformed Religion that had not sub- scribed the Covenant. Tiie Non-Covenanters ■wereiG.rst, the Papists, not exceeding 600 in number-throughout the Kingdom; Sndlyjthe Statesmen inOfEce and Favout at that time; and Sdly, some/ew Protestants who were affected to the Ceremonies of the Church of England, and the Book of Common-Prayer. The King setit the Marquis of Hamilton, to deal with the Scots, to renounce their Cevenant : but' they affirmed. It could not be done without manifest Perjury and Profanation of God's Name ; and insisted to have the Service-Book utterly abolished, as being obtruded against all Law upon them. That their Meetings were lawful, and such as they would not forsake, until the Purity of Religion and Peace might be fully settled, by a free and National Synod : And they declared That the Power of Calling a Synod, in Case the Prince be an Enemy TO THE Truth, or Negligent in Promoting the Church's Good, is in THE Church itself : And that the State of the Church at' that time necessitated such a course. tional Syno*d in Sco^ ^^^ King at length (fearing lest the Covenanters, if he delayed to do it, would do land, Nov. i«38. it themselves,) called a National Synod, to begin at Glasgow, the 2\st of November, 1638 ; But, within seven days after it met, it tvas dissolved, by the Marquis of Hamilton, in the King's Name, and the members of it were commanded to sit no more. But they protested against that dissolution, and continued the Synod when the Marquess of Hamilton was gone; and they then deposed all the Bishops} con- demned the Liturgy, toohxiway the High-Commi$sion Court, and whatsoever bad crept' into the Church since the Tear 1580 j when fAe NATIONAL COVENANT tvas first established. And at last, when they themselves broke-up the Synod, they wrote a Letter of Thanks to the King, and published a Declaration, Feb. 4, 16S8, directed to all the sincere and good Christians in England, to vindicate their Actions and Intentions, from those Aspersions which their Enemies might throw upon them. This Declaration was welcome to the People of England in general, and espe- He declares the cially to those who stood best-affected to the Reformed Religion and the Laws Scoti, to be Reliels, gp^ Liberties of their Country. In fine, the Scots are declared Rebels, and the and resol\es to make j,. . . , t- i' l a i j ^ i_ • i_ t. Wat upon them. Ktng m person, vith an Lnglish Army, resoJved to chastise them. JBut, T he generality of the English nation detested the ff^ar, knowing that the Scots were , innocent, and were wronged by the same Hand by which they themselves were oppresr\ sed TO DR. HOLLlNGWORTIt. 29 sed; and they concluded that the same Sword which subdued the Scots, must destroy their own Liberties ! Yet glad they ssem'd to be, that such anoccasionhappen'dwhich might in reason necessitate the King to call an English Parliament, But the King, whilst he could make any other shift, how low and dishonourable soever, would not endure to think of a Parliament. He borrowed great Sums of Money of the Nobi- lity, and required Laa«5 of others; and the CLERGY ontribut&d liberally to the ry,, „. , War, which was called BE LLUM EPISCOP ALE, THE BISHOPS War. °^' ^"' The Kin^, being animated to the War by the Bishops, both of England and Scot- land, (thi2 last perswading him, that the COVENANTERS were in no sort able to re'sht him ; that scarce any English Army at all should be needful to fight, but only to appear, and his MAJESTT would find a Partylreat enough in SCOTL AND to do the work ;) did thereupon raise a gallant Army, which rendevouzed at Tork, The Scots likewise (to render the King unwilling, or unable, to be a Tyrant) levied a brave Army ; which advanced forward under the Command of General Lesley. They, nevertheless, continued their first course of Petitioning the King : which being favoured by almost all the ^ohWiij oi Engldnd; at last, (by the happy Medi- ation of those Wise and Noble Counsellors. ) Z. PACIFIC ATlO]>[, to the great The Pacificatian Joy of all good men, was solemnly concluded on the 18/j5> of y««f 1639; andiche Juneis, 1639. King granted them a free National Synod, to be holdea August 6th, and a P^rlia. mcnt to begin the 20//^, to ratify what the Synjod should decree. Hereupon the Rnglish and Scotn returned home praising God-, who, without any effusion of Biood, had compounded this difference, • and prevented a War so -wickedly ulesign'd. But, Shortly after the Kin^s return to London, bis Heart was again estrang'd from The King soon alter theSiC/j and thoughts of Peace; and he commanded the PACIFICATKiN t& be burnt orders it to be burnt. by the Haids ofthi common Hangman: An Act, than which nothing could more ble- mish his Reputation, and which rendered him not to be believed for any thing : For what Tie would hold him, whom the Engagement of his Word, his Royal Word, given in sight of G'd and Man, could not bind ? and having, upon the ] 8th of December, broke-up the Scotch Parliament, he began to prepare for a new War. The Scots complained, that it was ■i.Brtach of their Liber tin, not heard-of before in twenty Ages, 'That a Parliament should be dissolved without their Consent, whilst Business of Moment was depending ; That, what soeverKings in. other Kingdoms might do, it concerned w.t them to e'^quire; but such a dissolution of the Parliament was absolutely against the^r Laws. They hereupon sent four Earls, as their Commissioners^' to the King, to complain, that fjotking nzas ferfo' med which he had promised at the PACIFICATION; and to intreat redress of those Injuries which had been offered them since the Pacifica- ticn. But, to add to the Grievances of that Oppressed Nation, the King committed two of their Commissioners to Prison, In ApHl iG40, the King called a Parlinmnt in England ; not to seek Counsel EngliSlirllament, and Advice of them, but to draw Countenance and Supply fromth^m; resolving in April, 1640. either to make the Parliament pliant to his Will, and to establish Mischief by a Law, or else to break it. The Scots wrote a Justification of their Proceedings to this 40 A LETTER-FROM GENERAL' LUDLOW this Parliament; and advised them, to he wary in vindicating their oivn Laws and Liberties ; this Parliament being procured to no other End, but to arm the King against his Scottish Subjects, and by that War to enslave both the N'ations ; That^ after so many Violations and Dissolutions of Parliaments in England, this was not called to redress Grievances; but to be so over-reacKd, (if they were not careful) that no possibility should be left, for the future, of redressing any. That some dangerous Practice might be well suspected, when at the same time a Parlia'. ment was denied to Scotland, though promised by the WORD OF A KINGj gran- ted to England, when not expected ; and obtruded upon Ireland, when not denired.' The Parlfament are The Parliament met the 1 3th of uipril, when the King required a Supply^ to Wm agaL\° the^' carry-on his JVar against the Scots, with a Promise that he would afterwards Scots. redress the Kingdom's Grievances. To which it was answered by many, That redress of Grievances was the chief End of assembling Parliaments, and ought to precede granting of Subsidies : That the people had no reason to pay for that which they neither mused nor desired-; and which could iiot prove to their Goed^ butj quite contrary, to the great detriment of the whole Kingdom j That they would more willingly pay, to prevent that unhappy ff ar : That iAe ^^r would make the Breach widen, and the Remedy desperate : That THE BEST JUS'llCE WOULD BE, TO FILL UP THE PITS WHICH WERE MADE TO ENTRAP OTHERS, WITH THE BODIES OF THOSE THAT DIGGED THEM. And is therefore dis- Upon the 5th of May, the King, to the great grief of both Kingdoms *, dis- solved, May 5, 1640. ^^lygj^ ^/^^g Parliament, finding them no way disposed to countenance the War - But he PROTESTED, HE WOULD GOVERN ACCORDING TO LAW, as'if the Par/zamewfe were coniBtantly sitting. And yet, the very next day, to the extream grief of the People, he was seen to break his Word ; for he commanded the Lord BROOK'S Study and Pockets to be searched : and Mr. Bellasis, (.Father of the present Earl of Fauconberg) Sir John Hotham, and Mr. Crew, Members of the House of Commons, luere imprisoned: And the King published a false The King takes and scandalous Declaration against the Commons. Hte then, betook himself to c^o"onTewaT.*° Other Courses to carry-on this tVar : The CLERGY contributed freely to. it, and Collections were madeamorig the PAPISTS. Great Loans were attempted to be drawn from the City ; and for not complying therein. Sir Nicholas Rainton, Sir Stephen Soame, /andL other eminent Citizens, were imprisoned: Nay, he went further, and had it under consideration to coin 400,000 /. of BRASS MONEY. \_A Precedent for what the late King James did in Ireland.!. The second Scotch jj^g 5^^^ j^. (taking Alarm at the Breach of the English "Parliament, and at the King's Preparations, ajid findiog themselves berea^sed of all possibility of satisfying him by any naked Supplication, J in order to provide more effectually for their own Safety, resolved to enter England, with a Sword in one hand, and a Petition tnthe other, ■* Upon the News of the Dissolution of this Parliament, Cardinal Barierini, intituled, TAe Protector of England, though he greatly affected Archbishop Laud, declared. That he feared he would cause sora.e great Disturbance in England, and that certainly, for his sake, and by his means, the King bad dissolved this Parliament j which, he feared, Scotland, and most part of I^vgland, would take- very ill, Th.e TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. ^J The King marches his Army Northwards ; but the Common Soldiers were found sensible of Public Interest and Religion, though many Commanders and Gentle- men seemed not to be so : they declared their aversion to the War, and questioned whether their Captains were not Papists. Upon the 28/i» of August 1 640, the Scots marching towards Newcastle, the English ^rmy encamped to intercept their Passage ; but many efthe Souldiers, not liking the Cause, forsook their Commanders : However, the Horse engaged the ScotSi but received a Repulse, some on both sides being slain; and Colonel Wilmot, with Sir John Digby, znd Oneale, both Captains^ of Horse, and FAFISTS, were made MSter!o°fNewca°fle Prisoners. Hereupon the Scots became Masters of Newcastle and Durham. and Dm ham. The King, by proclamation, summoned all the English Nobility, with their t,, ,^. „ „ ,—,77 1 ri I 7 ■ o 7 1 1^ 7 ° 1 7 r n 7 T. he King summons roiiowers. ^ud t.orces, to attend hts standard at York, upon the 20m of September, the English Nobility against the Scots. But about twenty Peers, considering the great Calamity into 'oi^eethim at York. which the King's rash Proceedings had thrown the Kingdom, framed, and sent his Majesty, an humble Letter, representing the mischiefs attending his wiqked War ; the Rapines committed by his Army, wherein Papists were armed, though the Laws permit th^in not to hqve Arms in their Houses, &c, and they humbly en-, treated him to summon a Parliament. The King thereupon summoned all the Lords to appear at Xork, upon the 24th of September, and then declared to them, that, OF HIS OWN FREE ACCORD, he had determined to call a Parliament ; and sixteen Lords were agreed-upon to treat with the like number of the Scots, and? at length a Cessation of Arms, till the 1 6th of December, was agreed-upon j and . that, during that time, the Septs should be paid 850/. a day ; and they allowed Winter between°'the Kki*- quarters in England. and the Scots. Both Nations hereupon rested in assured Confidence, that the Parliament w;ould put a period to this V/ar ; which could never have heen begun, but for want of a Parliament. They were also confident, that the Freedom which the Fundamental Laws allow to Parliaments, could not be denied to this ; to which the King WAS NECESSITATED, and upon which the PEOPLE had set their utmost Hope, iiihom it seemednot safe, after so many and often-repeated Oppressions, to provoke any further. So much for the Scottish Affairs, Now, it may be thought that I have top long digressed ; therefore, to return to you, Reverend Doctor HolUngworth, We will try what Inferences may be raised from this Melancholy History, to rentier it useful to the English Reader. I have declared that King Charles the First was an insufferable Tyrant ; you affirm Him to have set a Pattern for the best of future Princes, and that King William and Queen Mary are daily imitating him : And the last thing you said, was. That, when the Parliament met in November, 1640, He frankly told them, that he was resolved to fut himself freely and clearly on the LOVE AND AFFECTIOl^ OF HIS ENGLISH SUBJECTS. Now, I have been taking a great deal of pains to set this Matter in its true Light ; and to shew whence this sudden fit of Love to our Nation, ivith an exclusion of Scotland, arose. And (with your 42 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW JeavB^ Su\) here are two or three Uses of Information^ or Instruction, from what hath been sfiid. .. Inferences from the . 1 • That this Declaration of your Mariyr's ; that he would put himself on the foregoing facte. Love and affection of his English Subjects, was to draw them in, to support bim in his Wicked War qgainst the Scottish Nation:^ whom at the same time he called Rebels, and urged their Expulsion,; tho' he was under an Agreement for a Cessation of Anns, undto allow them 850Z. per diem, cmd Quarters in England, till their complaints might be weighed in this Parliament. 2. Information, That he appeared an exorbitant and outragious Tyrant, in his Attempts upon that People. This spears in many Particulars ; to recount some of them briefly : 1. In ■overturning their Church- Government, established by many Acts of Par- liament; and obtruding upon them Laud's Liturgy, znd Popish Ceremonies, 2. In denying them (the undoubted Right of all Subjects,) to petition for Redress of their Grievances.^ 3. In dissolving their .$ynod and Parliament -, burning the Pacification inade with them, by the Harigman's Hands ; ojid imprisoning the Lords, sent hy them to to petition liim to perform his solemn Promises, and redress their Grievances. 4. In levying Armies against them, and raising a Civil War, to justify him- self in the violation of their Laws. A CIVIL WAR it was, «aid the great "Lorn Dightj, seeing w;e are of the same Religion, and under the same King, And, 5. In the very thin^ which you. Doctor, are now magnifying him ; I mean, in at- tempting to make use o£ the Love and Affection of the English, to enslave and rata ' -the Scottish Nation. 3. Information, That the Scottish Covenant was not a new Invention, or Innova- tion, but established by the Law of Scotland, and taken by King James the First, 'Seventy Years before iKing Charles the Second took it. 4. Irformation ; That Bishops and Clergy-men, in Conjunction with Papists, abetted and assisted this Tyrant, in the Violation of the Lawa, when the bulk, of the Nobility, Gentry, and People of England, appeared undauntedly, in defence of the Laws and Liberties of the Kingdom. 5. Information, That Popfery hath greally spread /» iScotlarid, ever since Xaud's Superstition was introduced there ; their number ihen not exceeding 600. And therefqre, Presbytery being now restored there by Law,' it may be reasonably hopid, that it will bring-back to the Prot«stant religion many ^ho have been de- luded into that Idolatry. Q. Information, That PRINCES ARE NOT ALWAYS TO TRUST TO THE Ins-inucUions and Suggestions of Scottish Bishqps ; seeing that, when they in- stigated King Charles the Eirst to dissolve the Synod and Parliament, he was seduced by them into a Belief, that the Scottish Covenanters were a contemptible number ; and' that THEIR PARTY m Scotland, was sufficient to deal with them. 7. Information, That the Scots were not Rebels, in taking Arms to assert their nights, and vindicate the Laws and liberties of their Country, -For my noble Lord TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 43 Lord Riissel (the Honour of our Age) was most undoubtedly in the right, when, the day before his Murder, he wrote in his Paper, left behind him^ the following words : T cannot deny but that I have been of Opinion, that a, free NaHon, like this, might defend their Religion, and Liberties, when invaded and lahenfrom them, tho' under pretence and colour of Law- I^do affirm that this w;as his Orthodox Opinion, and these the words he wrote, tho' they were left out of the Print; and, in that day, there might be reason to omit them. But, to bethink myself (Reverend Sir, ) and to return to what we were upon j The King call? ano?. I left you thinking, at our last parting : I will now hear what your Head run upon, ''^^■■Pa'''iainent.Nor. / think (say you) he that reads the first half-Year's Transactions ietwixt King Charles and this Parliament, will find he made his word good to a tittle ; for what- Page 5. soever they offered to him by way of Bill, which the Nation groaned under, before, as a real, nay, but as a fancied, burden, he PRESENTLY passes it. To shew that. Against experience you believe. And argue against Demonstration ; Pleas' d that you can your self deceive. And set your judgement by your Passion. We must have a little Ghat about this half- Year, which has exercised your, The King's eoaduet Thoughts ; and I shall shew you the reasons, wherefore I: dissent from your Opin;9% ^"""S^'^f, ?"p K^'/" That your Mar/yr READILY PASSED whatsoever Bills the Parliament offered l^^Z " for the Redress of the Nation's Grievances. Now I cannot remember one . tigtance, in the whole History of his Reign, of a willing and ready Compliance with, his. Peo- ple, in any one Act of Grace er Justice. Every thing of that kiai in the whole course of his Life, was wrested from him by the universal Outcry of the Kingdom against his high Oppressions ; which did; never avail, but when the extremity of his Aifairs; wrought his stubborn Mind to a GompUance. And most sure I am, that you are mistaken in the few Instances you bring i You say. That he PRE- SENTLY pass'd the BUU for putting-down the Star-Chamber and High-Commis- sion Courts : But I affirm the contrary, and do thus prove it. The Parliament High:commi?sioi)r could never bring him to make a fair Bargain with them ; they bought every court^nd star-chapa- thing at a very dear rate ; and, when they had come to his Price, they were ever ^"^ en^away, in danger of being trick'd. They came to a Contract with him, to yield-up those two accursed Coar/y o/^ Oppression and Tyranny, and agreed to a POLL-BILL, a Poll-tax granted, wherein every Duke was assessed at 100/. a Marquess st 80/. Earli at 60/. Viscounts to obtain this favour. and Barons at 40/. Knights of the Bath, and Baronets, at SO /. other Knights at 20 /. Esquires at 10 /. every Gentleman dispending 100/. per Annum, at 5 1, and all other of Ability to pay a competent proportion ; and the meanest Head in the whole Kingdom was not excused. [I bear there is now a Poll' Bill on foot, in this present Parliament ; and therefore, from the high Affection and Duty which. I bear, and shall ever, pay, to those excellent Princes who do so happily $11 their Grandfather's and Father's G 2 Throne, 44- A LETTER FROM GENERAl. LUDLOW Throne, T do here remember my Country-men at what rate, and for luhat, they wire thus assessed in 1640. Then they were forced to buy -off the Encroachments of a TYRANT, whv had sworn to mainiain their Laws and Liberties; but now they, at lower rates, are only to enable the best Princes that ever swayd the English Scep- ter, to vanquish the worst ^of Tyranis."] Well, The King endea- This Bargain was struck, and, the Parliament resolving very honestly to stand to wUbout" ^liolfshkg ^^ they. prepared' the Bills ; but, finding the King begin to faulter, declaring that he the two Courts. wotild take their Money, but would not, at that time, pass the Bills to put-down the Star-Chamber SiXid High-Commissiofi^ourts; They voUd, that he should pass all the three BillSy or'- none at all. However, Neither the Co«/rflf/ nor their /^/-Ci&a»2^(?r had abounded in extravagant Censures, whereby the Subjects were •oppressed by grievous Fines, Imprisonments, Stigmatizings, Mutilations, Whip- pings, Pillories, Gags, Banishments, i3c. And the. High- Commission was ^rown to s«ch excess of 'Sharpness and Severity as was not much less than the Spanish Inquisition. To repeat two or three of the many ifestances'^of the horrid Oppres- siori, and barbarous cruelty, ^ercised in these ?ji'rtfn«ictf/ Coar/j ; Cruel ti-eatment «f XJponliiellthoi February, 16%9, 'Dr.LEIGl^'TON,commgout g{ Bkck-frims Dr. Leightoa, m Church, (it seems that he was ne Conventider ) was seized by a Warrant from Nov. 1630. ^jjg HIGH-COMMISSION-COURT, anddrag'dto Bp.LJUD's HOUSE j from thence, without any Examination, he was carried to Newgate, and there clap^d into Irons, and thrust into a a nasty Hole, where he continued from Tuesday night tili Thtcrsday noon, without Meat or Drink: They kept him in that loiathsome place where Snow^and Rain beat-in upon him, fifteen Weeks, not |)ermitting his Wife, or any Friend, to cotne near fhim, and denied to give him. a Copy of his Chmmiiment^ thai they brought him into the STAR-CHAMBER-COURT, where an Informa- i$m was exhibited against him, for publishing a Book, called, SION'S PX.EA AGAINST THE PRELATES. By TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. By his /Answer he confessed, that, when the Parliament was sitting, in the Year 1628, he drew-up the Heads of that Book, and^ having the approbation of five hundred Persons under their Hands, whereof some were Members of Parlia- ment^ he' went into Holland to get it printed. That he printed but between five and six hundred only, for the use of die Parliament : but, they being dissolved, he returned home, not bringing any of them into the Land, but made it his special Care to suppress them. Ihe Dector, being charged by the Information with these words in the said Book, We do not read of greater Persecution of Goa's People in ^ny Nation professing the Gosptl, than in this our Island, especially SINCE THE DEATH OF ^EEN ELIZABETH. He confessed the words, and answer'd. That the thing was too true, as appeared by the Prelates taking-away -Life and Livelihood from many Mi- ttisters arid, private Men ; of whom many were pined to death in Prison, and many wandered up and down, their Families being left desolate and helpless : That, be- sides this, the Blood of Souls had been endanger' d, by the removal of the faithful Shepherds from the Fluk. This was a cutting Truth. And, LAUD, being enraged, desired the Court to put the highest Censure that could be put upon him : That they did to his Content, condemning him to have his Ears cut, his Ncse slit, to be'branded in the Face, -whipp'd at a Post, to stand on the Pillory, to pay 10,000/. Fine (tho' they knew he was jiot worth so much.) and to be per- petually imprsor^d. The grateful Sentence being past, La^d pull'd off his Cap, and, holding-up his Hands, ^-aw Thanks to God, who bad given him Victory over his Enemies, A 'Knight moved one of the Lords about the dreadfulness of the Cen- sure, intimating that it opened a Gap to the PRELATES, to inflict such disgr • i^ i ■ • i i /■ t -r -„ , tioned in the Infor- "6 had this heavy Sentence- pass d upon him j To be mprtsen a for Life, pay 5000/. luation. pine ; be expelled Lincolns-Inn, disabled to exercise the Profession of a Barrister ; , degraded by the University of Oxford, of his Degree there taken : and that done, to be set in the Pillory at Westminster, and have one of his- Ears there cut-off; and, at another time,- to be set in the Pillory, in Cheapsid©,. and there havt his other Ear cut-off. Tho' many of the Lards never dreamt of the Execution of this horrid Judgement; The Queen inter- Nay, tho' Queen Henrietta Maria, (which deserves an honourable mentic«i ; and cedes for him, ^\vnh gjjg gjj^ll have it t for she was their present Majesties Roml Grandmother ;) earnestly the Kmg, but with-. . i j ■ i i i ■ i 7, •; r^- A u ii l i_ -l out success. inter ceeded with the Ptggottea', cruel, and merciless King, (he shall: have that too, with your leave. Doctor; for he was a Tyrant:) to remit its execution ; yet- on ih.e'ltb and - IO/1& of May, it was fully executed, with great rigour. M.r.:Pryn remained sundry Years in the Tower upon this Censure ; and'in that time Dr. Bastwick, (in the Year 1635), was brought-into the High-Commission Inquisition, and imprison'd in the Gatehouse, fFestminster. In the Year 1636, Mr. Burton preached a Sermon- upon the" 5th of November^ at his Church, in Friday-street, London, wherein he laid-open the Innovations in Doctrine, Worship, and Ceremonies, which had lately crept into, the Church ; and wished the People to beware of them. For this, LAUD caused Acljcles to be drawn against himi in the Hi^h-Commission Court, and suspended him : Then, causing his House to be. broken-open, took and commited him to the Fleet, close Prisoner ; and he was shut-up there divers Weeks from his Wife and Friends. Upon the llth of March, 1 636, they exhibited an Information against Dr. Cruel treatment oi ^astwick, MT.Prytt, and Mr. Burton, in the Star-Chamber. And upon the 14:tb of J rynne, minton, and ^ ^k.,, >,•<-. ^ ■ ,^ 1 i ■ -w^ Bastwick^ in June, /««*. 1&S7, they pass d this Sentence on them, vi%.ToLos6 their Ears tn the 1637. Palace-yard, Westminster : To pay a Fine of 5000 /. a man; and be perpetually im- prisoned in three remote Places of the Kingdom, viz. the Castles 0/" Carnarvon, Cornwal, and Lancaster ; and Mr. Pryn to be stigmatized in the Cheeks with- two Letters, (S. and \u.) for a seditious Libeller. Upon the SQth of June, 16SY, to the great regret of the People, who strewed theij: way with Herbs, these Confessors for English Liberties, were brought, to the Place TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 47 Place appointed for the Execution of the accursed Sentence ; which was dene in a manner extraordinary cruel. Dr. Bastwick, being upon' the Pillory, spoke thus to the lamenting People : — / wrote a Bock against- the Pope, and the POPE OF CANTERBURY said I wrote against him. So far am 1 from baie Fear, that had I as much bloc d as would mell the Thames, 1 would shed ii every drop in this Cause : Had I as many LiiK'S as I have Hairs onvmy Head, I would give them- all for this Cause. Being let out of the Pillory, he took the &punge from one of his Ears, which was ail bloody, and waving it over his fclead, said, "Blessed be'my God, who hath '^counted me worthy, and of his mighty Power hath enabled me to suffer imy thing for his sake. And as I have now lost some of my Blood, so am I ready and willtng to spill every drop in my Veins in this Cause, for which I have now suffered ; which is, for maintaining the Truth of God, and the Honour of my King, against P.pish Usurpations LET GOD BE GLORI- FIED, AND LET THE KING LIVE FOR EVER. [These were not Ex- pressions of a COMMON -WEALTH'S MAN, or a Rebel; Were they, good Doctor-C/&«/ii?i« «/ Aldgate?] Mr. Pr^wV turn being next ; he expressed himself thus : We are accounted FAC- TIOUS FELLOWS, Hereticks and REBELS, for* DISCOVERING A PZOr '•Discoverers of Plot. OF POPERY: Alas! POOR ENGLAND ! What will become of thee andthy^'^^^^^J^^^^^'f^l Reliiion, if thou maifUainest not thy own ESTABLISH'D FAITH \juu see. Doctor, Englisb Liberties, Mr.Pryn was for4he Church, as established by Law] AND LAWFUL -^^-S^fi- ^f j^J';^*;" ^^jj"*^ TIES? [Ay. that spoils all ; for it renders him a Common- wealth's man, no doubtj Mr.Prjnne was, ever yet 'tis but such a one as the late King Charles the Second frankly told the Duke of ^'°ce Laud's Faction Buckitigham-he would have been had he not been a King.'] Christian People (pro- *° '"?'"' ^ "'''^ " ceeded Mr. Pr^n)- J beseech you all stand firm, and be zealous for the Cause of God and his true Religion, to the shedding of your dearest Blood: otherwise you will bring your- selves and your posterities INTO PERPETUAL BONDAGE AND SLAVERY, iic. The Executioner coming to sear and cut his Ears,, he said, Come Friend, come, hum. me, cut me, I fear not ; I have learn' d to fear the Fire of Hell, and not what Man can do m.to me : Ccme, sear me, sear me, I shall bear in my Body the Marks of the Lord Jesus. Tlie Executioner having done his part, and that with the utmost Cruelty, Mr. Pryn, with a smiling Countenance, said ; Now, blessed he God, I have conquer' d and triumphed over the .Bishop's Malice ; and, returning to the Tbiiter, he made these Verses by the way: B. L. STIGMATA LAUDIS. Stigmata Maxillis referens insignia Laudi, Exidians remeo, victima grata Deo. Triumphant I return : My Face descries ; Laud'j scorching Scars, God's grateful Sacrifc£. Next 4S A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW Next follows the Reverend Mr. Burton ; he being in the Pillory, said^ I was never in such, a Pulpit, before; but little do you know, what Fruit God is able to produce from this dry Tree ; MARK MY WORDS ; I say through these Holes, God can bri'g Light to his Church. Moreover, he said, My conscience, in the discharge of tny Ministerial Duty in admonishifig my People, to beware of the CREEP INtr- IN OF POPERY, and exhorting of them tostick close to God, and the King, in Du- ties of Obedience, was that which first occasioned my Sufferings: For the Truth I have preached, I am ready to seal it with my Blood ; for this is my Crown, both here, and hereafter. After this Execution done, they were banished to the remote parts of the King, dom, and there kept several Years in close and solitary Confinement, not allowed Pen, Ink and Paper, nor the sight of any Friend ; and in this most deplorable case, diid the Parliament, in November, 1640, find these three distressed Ge»//e/»f», of several Professions, the noblest in the Kingdom, Divinity, Lav}, and Physic. But they were soon sent-for from their Exile, and brought into London by many thou- sands of rejoicing Gentlemen and Citizens, who went-out on Horseback, to meet them and congratulate their Deliverance. And the Parliament, taking their Case into These, cruel judge- Consideration, voted, THAT THE JUDGEMENTS GlY'E.^ against them were ille- i^^ParSnt "Is '^ ^'^^' ""J"^^' "^^ "S""^"^^ *^^ LIBERTY OF THE SUBJECT. Now, gosd Doctor^ illegal. was not here reason with a witness, to open every Man's Motfth with Complaints, against these most arbitrary and pernicious Courts, and to induce the Parliament to remove these Forges of Misery, Oppression, and Violence ? Nevertheless, the KING, with a very unwilling Mind, as I have shew'd, yielded therein ; but, as he lost much of the Thanks which so great a Grace, freely and forwarjdly express' d, might have deserved ; so I doubt it will be some diminution to your Credit, dear Dictor, that, contrary to what you affirm:, HE DELAYED, zxiAdiA not- presently comply in this matter. Well ! what follows now ? The King is still on the giving hand ; no doubt of it. Ship-Money. THE SHIP-MONEY (you add) tho' great, and very learned. Lawyers, had Page 5. given their Op'nion, that the exacting of it in some Cases, was according to Law ; yet he, GOOD MAN, pves-up that also. Here, go d Doctor, you speak like A MEER CLERGY-MAN, and I begin to suspect that you never read any other than Dr. N^lLSON's HISTORY, and are tainted with the Principles of those famous Gentlemen of the Cassock, SIB- THORP and MANWARING, who, as well as some designing Z/^wy^rj, told your Martyr^ That Authority of Parliament is not necessary for the raising Aids and Subs dies. 1 hat all Antiquity is absolutely, for absolute Obedience to Princes, in all Civil aud Temporal ^things, You make the yielding-up the Claim of Ship Money to be an act of pure Grace ; for very able Lawyers gave their Opinion, that the King might exact it kf Law: and so, I have told you, did as able and no less knavi:,h Divines. But hearken, I beseech you, what the Wisdom of Parliament told him. They dei lared it a new and unheard'Of Tax ; they voted it a most illegal Taxation, and unsiifferable Grievance;, they looked-into the Carriage of those Judges TO DR. HOLUNGWORTIT. 49 Judges vrho advised the King in this matter, and found that Sir JOHN FT NCH (a Gentleman of good Birth, of an high and Imperious Spirit, ELOQUENT IN SPEECH, though in the knoioledge of the Law not very deep,) in the Year ] 636, (when Ship-'Money was first plotted and set on foot,) v/as made Lard Chief- Justice of the Common-Please And it appeared that, by his Brokage and Sollici- tation, and that with Threats and Promises, several of the Judges were wrought- upon to give it under their hands, that the King might by Law exact Ship-Money. Thereupon an Impeachment of High-Treason was drawn-up against him ; and the great Lord F^ULKLAND {though an Admirer of the Church, as you tell me,J presented it to the Lords with a very pithy and sharp Oration against Finch; but he (being at this time Lord-Keeper) not daring to abide the Test, took his Wings, and fled in a disguise to Holland. In Conclusion, the Arbitrary Power, pretended to. be in the King, of taxing the Subject without Consent in Parliament, was not. only declared to be against Law by the Judgement of both Houses, but also by Act of Parliament. Thus we rid our Hands of SHt^-MONEY. And, Now indeed, Sir, you come to that which might well raise your Choler, and stir your Indignation : The King passed a Bill to remove the Bishops out of the The Bishops are re- House of Lords ; he also passed a Bill for attainting the great. Earl of StraflFord, g"ved from the luhich offered Violence to the Peace and Qui^t of his Mind all the days of his Life. To tell you the Truth, Doctor, the Parliament found the Bishops of that day, to be the Tfouhlers of the State, and that it was, by consequence, become most ne-' cessary to abridge their immoderate Power usurped oyer the Clergy and other good Subjects, which they had-most maliciously abused, to.the hazard of Religion, and greatest Prejudice and Oppression of the Laws of the Kingdom, and the just Liberty of the Subject: They had cherish'd Formality and Superstition as the Their great cornip. probable Supports of their owrv, Ecclesiastical Tyrxmny and Usurpation ; they had *'°" *' *V ''"'" multiplied and enlarged the Differences between the common Protestants and those whom they called Puritans; under which Name they included all those that desired to preserve the Laws and Liberties of the Kingdom, and to maintain the true Pro-^ testant Religion. They had been designing a Conjunction between Papists and Protestants in Doctrine, Discipline and Ceremonies ; only it must not yet be called Popery. X^^y had triumphed in the Suspensions, Excommunications, Depriv,a- tibns and Deg?adations of divers learned and pious Ministers ; and in the Vexatioii and grievous Oppression of great numbers of the People, whereby many thousands were impoverished, and others were so afflicted and troubled by them, that great numbers departed into New England and other parts of America, and others intn. Holland. The most of the Preaching that was allowed, was degenerated into railing against Parliaments and Puritans, (because they were tenacious of just Liberty and true Religion) crying-up Absolute Authority, Passive Obedience, &c. Strains oip Wit, fitter for a Stage than a Pulpit. After the Dissolution of the Parliament in May 1640, They continued the Convocation, and, by unheard-of Presumption, /hey made Canons contrary to the King's Prerogative, to the Fundamental Laws ef the- Realm, to the Right of Parliaments, to the Property and Liberty of the ' H Subject f 50 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW Subject, thereby-establishing their own Usurpations,-]\istify'mg their Altar- ff^or ship ^ ajid other Superstitious Innovations, which they had formerly introduced without Warrant of Law; they imposed a new Oath on the Subjects for maintenance of their own Tyranny, and laid a great Tax upon the Clergy. And now, to filUup the measure of their iniquity, the House of Lords, upon tKe 30th of December 1641, at a Cbnference with the Commons, told them, that the Bishops, by a protestation which they made to the King and Lords, had deeply intrenched upon the Fundamental Priviledges and Being of Parliament ; whereupon the Commons iovpeached twelve of them of High Treason, in endeavouring "to subvert the Fun- damental Laws of the Realm, and the very Being of Parliaments ; and they -were, by the House of Peers, sequestered from Parliament, committed to the Tower, and, shortly after, by Act of Parliament^ most deservedly deprived of voting in the House of Peers. TljeEAilof S^rafi&d's I hope, good Ihctor, you will aCqufescein the Reasons which I have here offered attaiuter. for the passing this Bill of Exclusion ; but the other Bill for attainting the great Earl ^■Strafford, you say, offered Violence to the Peace and Quiet of the King's ^ind, all the days of his Life, This great JVImi, who had long run-on in -a fiiU Career to establish Tyranny, ' trampling-down the Peoples Liberties, leaping the Hedges of the Laws, or making Gaps throi!igh them, was impeached hy the Commons in many Articles, some whereof were Jor ruling Ireland {of which he had been Lord- Lieutenant) in an Arbitrary way, against the Fiindamental Laws, which he had endeavoured to sub- vert. For abusing his Power to the increase andencouragement of Papists; for inaliciously endeavouring to stir-up Hostility between England and Scotland j for :^iabdurtng to subvert, Parliament, and incense the King against them ; for levying Money by force of Arms ; for imposing an Oath upon ihe Subjects, That they should not protest against any of the King's Commands :-{&v telling the King, That he had an Army in Ireland, which his Majesty might employ to redixe this Kingdom to Obedience. XJpon this Jntpeachment the Earl vifss brought to 9^reason, this same King to\di the Parliament, THAT BUCKINGHAM- HAD NOT INTEI^- MEDDLED, NOR DONE ANY THING CONCERNING THE PUBLICK, BUT BY HIS SPECIAL DIRECTIONS. Now, 1 have a strong fan<;y, that the unhappy Earl of Strafford's Case was the same with the Duke's ; and that it disturbed the Quiet of the King's Mind, that he could not preserve this, as he had done his other Servant, in the execution of his own Commands*. And no marvel ife stung his Conscience to adjudge to death the^doers of those Misdeeds whereof hin^- seif had been the chief Author. In the next place, good Doctor, you inform us. That the King signed a Bill for sfied,-'iut WOULD HAVE THE TOTAL SUBVERSION OF THE 'GOVERNMENT: That, therefore, the Army, being of good comportment, ' though ill-Paid, might be calledup to attend the Person of the King and Parlia- ment for their Security. That the Design'^waa, that the Army should move towards London, and spoil the Country all along as they ivent, to hinder the Scots from following them. T[''hat Oneal proposed to Sir Jacob Ashley, the making the Scots Neutral; but Sir yacob said, that they would lay him by the Heels, if he should come to move such a tiling; for they would never break with the Parliament. Upon this Discovery, 1 must tell you. Doctor, the Hearts of honest Men were liighly grieved to find the King in this Conspiracy ; and they began to despair of that Happiness which they had hoped-for by this Parliament : And the two Houses, doubting fa^- they well might J the King's sincere affection to them, and considering what great Disturbance they had met-with, and were like to meet-with, in settling the State; and what great Disbursements of Money were to be made for the payment ' of the English and Scottish Armies : They unanimously moved jhe King to sign a Bill for continuance ot this present Parliament: That it should never be dissolved till both Houses did Consent and agree, that Publick Grievances were fully re- dress'd ; and his Plot made it unsafe for him to deny it : Besides, as his extream K^^„°w"unde*r"'f Wants had forc'd him to call this Parliament, so the same necessitated him to com- granting the Bill for ply with them. For, this great Parliament (taught by woful experience, that he the continuance of used Parliaments only to' serve his Turn , and so, when he had attained his Ends, ' ^ '"^ lament, their End ensued in a sudden Dissolution) would grant no_ Supply to relieve his Necessities, until, by his Concession, they^ had obtained this continuance, to redress t3j£ People's many and great Grievances: And they themselves declared. That, though 54 A LETTEIt FROM GENERAL L'UDLOW though there were in it some seeming Restraint of. the Regal Power in dissolving: Parliaments ; yet it was no taking that Power from tlie Croivn^, but, suspending the Execution of it for this Time and Occasion onhf : Which was so necessary for the Publick Peace, that without it they could not have undertaken any of those> great Charges, but must have left both the Armies to Disorder and Confusion, and the whole Kingdom to Blood and Ruin; for to pay the Armies, Money was to be borrowed upon the Puhlich Faith, which had been nothing wonh, if that Parliament could have been dissolved at the King's Pleasure. And whereas (Sir) you express .yourself as astonished at this gracious Compli- ance, and say, that no King ever granted the like before. I answer, 'Twas most, evident, that no King before ever made so great a Necessity for a Parliament to, insist upon it. And besides, in the Constiiulion of ENGLAND'* GOVERN- MENT, it was never the meaning of the LAW-GIVERS, that the King should, dissolve Parliaments, whilst the Great Affairs of the Kingdom were, depending '.. And though Kings have used to do so, it was never the more lawfuL Well, Doctor, I agree with you, that the King passed these Bills, very adyanr tageous for the Subject ; yet in none of them was he bereaved of any just, neces- sary, or profitable Prerogative of the Crowm. And I must- tell you, because y.oi\, are silent, and for aught I know, ignorant in the Point, All this was not done for nought ;^ for the King had out of the Subjects Purse, in the first Year of this Parliament, ONE MILLION AND AN HALF OF M.OJSrEY : And yet some Men have the impudence to suggest. That the Parliament did nothing fop kim^ To proceed ; Page 7; What's the next Article in the Impeachment ag«Hnst this. Parliament f TTiese The Grand RemoB- Men, to shew their Gratitude for what was done before, drew up a Remon- 164^* ^^'^' ^^' ^trance, wherein they made the most bitter Reflections upon the King's former Government. -And, which was so unmannerly, as well as falsey, that tihen it came to be debated in the whole House, 'twas carried^ anly by eleven Voices. You are out again, m&st unlucky Doctor ! My Authentick Historian tglls mg, a Tale quite contrary to yours ; The Remonstrance, or Declaration of the State of the Kingdom, was carried but by eight Voices, salth he ;: yet ijt contained plain (which 1 will allow you to call Unmannerly but must not yield to be false) Truths, reciting the chief Grievances and Oppressions which the ^tion had groaned under since the beginning of this King's Reign until that time, but with as much tender- ness of expressioa, and respect to his Person, as so much Truth could possibly be uttered. IV^any of the Members who opposed this Remonstrance, were of thesame Opinion with those who voted for it -, but urged, that no Cure could be hoped-for by tt : That, instead oj directing a stubborn King for the future, ij, would teach him. only to hale the Makers of it, as L^pbraiders of his Crimes: And they held it fitter to win him by the sweeter way of concealing his Errors, rather than, by publishing them, to ha«ard the provoking him. And now^ 5;r» not to contend it with yoiji^ y/hethier TO DR. HOLLTNGWORTH, 55 \irhether the little Majority, or great Minority, were the best Politicians, and most in the right •, you are certainly in the wrong., when you insist, that this R?mon- stranoe was so strenuously opposed, because the Matter thereof was unmannerly and false. You add. That the King fairly ans-wered this Remonstrance, and vindicated himself • ^^S^ 8. from those horrid Aspersions wherewith they loaded him. ' Not to be transported, Reverend Sir, to such an indecMicy of replying, as is usual in such a Case as this ; I barely tell you, that you talk loosely, and with no regard to Truth, in what you now say : for I have the R yal Answer and Vin^ica- /ioK now under my Eye, and do find that the King doth f trly iinsjver the Remon- strance, ("which sets-fbrth the many Grievances and high Oppressions of the Peo- pie,) in these only words, We shall IN i-RW fVORDS PaSS-OVER thAt pant of -the Nariative, wherein tht Misfortunes of this Kingdom, from ourfi'St entring to "the Crown, to the beginning of Ms Parliament, are rememher'd in so sensible Expressions, And to this he adds not one word in vindication of himself from those Miscarriages enumerated in the Parliament's Remonstrance, which you call HORRID ASPER- SIONS, but his Majesty knew to be sad Truths. What follows next 2 the King .(you s&y) through 'TUMULTS, and too-much < countenanced RIOTS, 'ibid. withdrew from Whitehall, bemg under apprehensions of Affronts designed to be offer d to his Person, jf not something worse. The i^tory of these p etended Tumults and Riets, (.dear Doctor) is so intermixt with another, relating to the greatest Violation of the Privileges of Parliament that ever was committed, that 'tis most necessary to talk of both together. About the beginning of January, 164) -2, the King sought nothing mor^ than to JT^evioleatprooeed- iegin a Quarrel; and, to support himself therdn, he employed Emissaries to cajole j^°j^°'j|^j^'2.° '" theyoung GentUmen of the Inns of Courts, to make offer of their Service to him, us a Gua>def Defe.ue ; and divers of them, to ingratiate themselves, repaired to the Court, and were highly caressed by the K ng and ^een : He at the same time ordered •CdKKflWtf'-j, and other Assistants, into the Tower, and removed the Lieutenait thereof : lie fortified Whitehall yfi'ith. Men and Munition via- an unusual Biaimfer. And about the same time. Colonel Lwisford and others, gathered Trt^ps of tiorse at Kingston upon Thames, where the Magazine of Arms ibr^lhat part of the County of Surrey lay. Matters on his part being thus prepared, upon the third ot January (not only against the Priyiledge of Parliament, but the common Dberty of every Subject) he commanded the Chambers, Stsiliesy-and- Trunks- oi the Lord Mandevi'le, a Member of the House of Lords, (G-inncifather to the present N ble Earl of Maichest^r, 'Who inherits as well' the"Vertues as Honours of that great Patriot) and oi Denzil Holies, Esq. (since knowniiy theaame of the great Lord Holies) Sir Arthur Haslerig, Mr. J. Pym, Mr. John Hampden (Grandfather to that highly deserving Gentleman, who at this day bears his Name, and in whom his ■ Vertues do live and flourish) and Mr. IVUliam Stredcj Members of the House of Commons, 56 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW His attempt to seiie Commoos, *to be sealed Kp. I^pon the next day the King came with about 300 the five ^teiibers. Sol(^iefs^Fapiits and others, to the H use of Commons , armed with Swords, Pistols, and January 4, 1641-42. ^^^^ \7eapons ; and there demanded the said five Members to be delivered to him, upon a pretended Charge of higb-Tre'/son. His Fodowers, at the same time, thrusting-away the Door-ke p^rs and Attendants of the House, held-up their Swordi and some their Pistols ready-cock' d, saying, / am a good Marks-wan, I cm bit ■■ tght, Iivarraniy u: Others of them said, yl Pox take the House of Comma s ; a Pax of Cod confound them, and violently assaulted, and bv Force disarmed, some of the Servar.ts of the Members, and said, WHEN COMES THE WORD ? and after- wards declared, that, questionless, if the Word bad been given, tbey should have fallen open the Bouse of Commons, and HAVE CUT ALL THEIR THROATS j. which Doings the Co»K»»o»i- declared, mru A TRAITEROUS DESIGN against the Kin?" and Parliament, and that they could not sit any longer without a suffi. eient i Guard, wherein they might confide ; wherefore /^ify a^Wrwi?^ to the Tues- day following, having appointed a Committee to sit in the mean time at GulJha% London, to consider of all things that might concern the Good and Safety of the Kingdom, and the Relief of Ireland. [And I am to tell you. Doctor, that the great Lord Falkland wzs the fourth Person named to this great Commit tee."]^ The Commons further declared. That they were so far from protecting any of their Members that should, in a due manner, be prosecuted according to the haws of the King- dom, and the Rights and Priviledges of Parliament, for Treason, or any ether Mis- demeanours, that none should be more ready and willing than themselves to bring them to a speedy and due Trial. And upon the ISth.oi January, they ordered the At- lorney-General, who had "ptepzY^A. \h^ Articles of Tr^aJow against the Members, to bring-in his Proof, and make them good, if he could: Whereupon the King sent a message, that HE NOW FOUND CAUSE wholly to desist from pr. ceeding against them ; and had cominanded his Attorney-General to proeeed no further therein, nor to preduceynor discover, any proof concervaag the matter. Also BOTH HOUSES petitioned the King for the speedy proceeding against the accused Members, IN A LEGAL WAY, whereby they might be brought to condign Punishment, if guilty ; or discharged from so heavy an Accusation, if innocent. '1 he Kin^ giving an. evasive Answer to this Petition, the Lords and Commons apply to him agaiii, by a second Petition, praying that the Parliament might be informed before Friday then next ensuing, what Proof there is against them, that they may be called to a Legal Trial. » These were all Gentlemen of great Esteem and Reputation- in the House. Two of them, Mr. Holla, and Mr. Strode, having before suft'ered many Years of sharp and harsh Imprisonment from the King, after the Dissolution of the Parliament in the fourth Year of his Reign, for Matters done in Parliament con- trary to the Priviledges of that- high Court. + They petitioned thcKin^io allow them a Guard, to be commanded by the Lard Chamhrkin o{\th MoutAeld^ but could net obtaiD it. To TO DR.HOLLINGWORTH. To which Fetition * the King answered, that, AS HE ONCE CONCEIVED, he had ground enough to accuse them, so now his Majesty finds as good Cause wholly to desert any Prosecution of them. Do you hear this, DOCTOR? If you ever had till now, you would not surely have assumed the Confidence to have said, as you do, (Pa. ii, 12.) Th.2X nothing less would satisfy the Parliament, than that he must be obliged, AS IT WERE, and IN EFFECT, to beg the Members Pardon for wronging them, with what he thought and COULD BT GOOD EVI- DENCE PROVE MATTER OF TRUTH. Now I do, (AS IT WERE) think that you ought (not only IN EFFECT, but in earnest) to humble your-self to the Descendants of these honourable and never-to-be-forgotten PATRIOTS, for the horrid Slander which you here lay on their great Names and Families : For, tho' the King gave-up the Cause, saying that ME FOUND GOOD REASON whJly to desist from proceeding against them. ; and at another time, that he, found GOOD CAUSE wholly to desert any prosecution of them ; Yet yau, forsooth, must keep-up the wicked Clamour, and falsely inform this Greneration, that his Majesty, GOOD MdN, had pregnant Evidence to prove them guilty of Treason. Rut, to put you to shame, if possible ('tis what you threatened me with. Reverend Sir !) I shall add a few words more upon this occasion. The Lords and Commms told the King in a third Petition, that, notwithstanding his Majesty found good cause, wholly to desert any farther prosecution of the accused Members ; yet they remained still under that heavy Charge so imputed unto them : And that, by two Acts of ParHament, viz, S7 and 38 Edw. 3. it was enacted, Thztyif any Person whatsoever, make Suggestion to THE KING HIMSELF of any Crime committed by another, the same Penon ought to be sent with the Suggestion before the Chancellor, or Keeper of the Greaf-Seal, the Treasurer, or the great Council i there to find Surety to pursue his Suggestion, wjbich, if he cannot prove, he is to be imprisoned till he satisfy the Party accused, of his Da' mages and Slander, and make Fine and Ransom to the King. Wherefore^, the Lords and Commons beseeched the King, that he would be pleased to send the Person or Persons, that in this Case made the Suggestion or Information to him, against the said Members ; together with the Suggestion or Informations \ to the Parliament j that so such Fruits of the said good Laws may be had as was intended by them, and the Rights and Priviledges of Parliament may be vindicated; WHICH QF RIGHT AND JUSTICE OUGHT NOT TO BE DENIED. Notwithstanding this Petition, no Authors nor Witnesses were ever produced, to avow the heavy Charge and Accusation of the noble Lord Mandeville and the five Members, till now, that fifty Years are elapsed, You, unhappy Doctor, are trumping- * A Petition of about two thousand Freeholders of Buckinghamshire vias presented to the King, setting forth that Me. Hambden, Knight of their Shire, (a Gentleman in high Esteem with them, and the whole Kingdom) was accused of Treason ; that they believed it to be the Malice which his Zeal to his Majesty's Sei-vice and the State had contracted in the Enemies to the King, the Church and the Common-wealth, had occasioned this foul Accusation ; and they prayed that he and the other Membfts might enjoy the Priviledge of Parliament. The City of London also petitioned, that the Lord Mandemlle, and th(5 fiyp Members, might not ho I cstrained of Liberty, or proceeded against otherwise than according to tjje Priviledges of Parliament. I up m S«, A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW M^ food Evidence, though, for want of just Matter, (which never yet came to light ;) the Kin^ let the Business fall of his own accord. And, see now, how neatly you have noos'd yourself; for, by your idle dedication to their Majesties, you have made ihis false Suggestion TO THE KING HIMSELF, and so are faHen into the Mercy of the noble Earl of Manchsster, and become hable to the severe Penalties in the Statutes of King Edward the Third. To dispatch this Head ; Was it not a Crime against the Law of Nature, against the Rules of Justice ; that innocent Men should be charged with so great an Of- fence as Treason, in the Face of the highest Judicature in the Kingdom, without Witness, without any possibility of Reparation, even in point of Innocency ? Such was the case of these great Men ; for the King denied to discover their j4ccusers, and yet, would not pass a Bill for their Discharge, unless in the Narration they would desert the avowing their own Innocency. Nay, was it not an Act of Tyranny beyond Parallel? He accused them, and yet would ■produce no Witness? he confessed them clear in his own Judgement, yet they must not profess their, own Innocency, fir j ear of wounding his Honour ? The King pretends We Will proceed now, Reverend Doctor, to what remains to be said, about the ter~ to be afraid of the rifying Tutnttlts and Riots, which frighted his Maiesty from Whitehall. You said, tumults in London. /^ J> . , . , ,' , ° , , ■' ■' , „. , . . ' that be withdrew through Tumults, and too much countenanced Ktots, being under ap- prehension of Affronts, design d to be differed to his Per&on, IF NOT SOMETHING WORSE. When you return me an Answer to this Letter, dear Sir, you will infi- nitely oblige me, if you will tell me, in plain English, what you intend by SOME- THING WORSE, than that the Mob would affront his Majesty's Royal Person ? For, according to my present Apprehension, you seem to insinuate; that he ABDI- CATED WHITEHALL, under a dread, that these wicked Rioters vioxM have forced his COMFORTABLE IMPORT ANCE,or perpetrated some Act-so high- ly Villanous, that you could not find a Name for it. For the present, till I have better Light herein, I will lay before you my Thoughts in this Case : In the doing whereof, we must examine how things stood at that time, whereby 'twill be seen, whether there were any such Tumults ; and if there were, whether the King himself did not cause them ? He had tempted the ENGLISH ARMY, with no les^ Reward than the Spoilof the , , C//y o/"LONDON, to come-up and destroy the PARLIAMENT; He had, in an in. ants wound son^e of excuseabk and hostile manner, made amost high Invasion upon the Priviledges of BOTH the Citizens. HOUSES .* Hereupon, many Citizens, unarmed, resorted to Westminster to present their Petitions, and express their steadfastness to the Parliament, whose Lives and Safeties, by more than slight Rumours, they doubted to be in Danger ; the King, having fortified Whitehall, and entertained Armed Men, not a few, planted them at the * Gate of hisPalace, where they reviled, menaced, and, with drawn Swords, actu- ally wounded many of the Citizens, as they passed-by in a peaceable manner, whereof some died. Nay, they went farther, and were come to that height of Boldness, as to give-out insolent and menacing Speeches against the Parliament itself, and to * The first Blood that was diavrn in this Cause, Was in that very place where the King's own Blood wa« afterwards shed, imbrue TO DRTHOLLINGWORTH. 5V imbrue fhslr Hands in the Blood of the Kin{s Subjects in PFesimmter-ball, and at the doors of the Par/wwB/, as well as at his own Gate. And when the Parliament and People complained, and demanded Justice for those Assaults, he justified and abetted his own Crew in what they did. Now the passing-by of a multitude of the Kinfs Subjects, armed with no other Weapons than Petitions, could neither be justly called Tumults, nor could the Par-^ Uament have forbid them, without breach of the People's Freedom : unarmed Peti- tioners, surely, could nr^t he formidable to any: And I must remember you, Dcctor^ that a very short time before his Majesty pretended to dread these tumultuary Citizens, The. City entertained, feasted, and conducted him to Whitehall with as pomp -us Solemnity, and co&'ly Expressions of Love and Duty, as ever had been known. Nay, did he not, the very next day after his irruption into the House of Commons, (than which nothing; had more exasperated the People,) ^o in his Coach, unguarded, into the City ? Did he receive the least AfFrontj much less Violence, in any of the Streets, and not rather humble Demeanours and Supplications? He knew the People to be so full of Awe and Reverence to his Person, as to commit himself single amongst the thickest of them, at a time when he had most pjovoked them : This shews, beyond doubting, that all his fear of Tumults was bu' a mere Pretence and Occasion tak'-n of his resolved absence frpm the Parliament, that he might turn his Slashing at the Court-gate to Slaughtering in the Field. Well, The King, retires, first to Hampton- Court, commanding those of his Servants who The King withdraw?, were Members of Parliament, to leave their Service there, and to give their Attend- *^°°^ London, ance upon his Person. Shortly after, the ^EEN passes into Holland, carrying with her all, or the greaUst part of, the Crown-Jewels; which she immediately pawn d, and, with the Monfy, bought Arms and Ammunition for the; War, nn^hieh was not yet begun. But I have almost forgot my self. Reverend Sir, I must attend to what you say Pag? a, in the Case ; 'Tis this, I see ; The King, though withdrawn, yet ceases not to call upon the P^'riament to consider the Nation's Good', and the settling it upon, such Foun- dations as 'hat neither the Monarch might invqde the just Rights of the People, nor the People encroach upon the Rights of his Crown and Dignity. Having said this, you intimate that he told them something upon their presenting Petitions to him at Theobalds and Newmarket. Then it seems that they called upon him likewise ; and 'tis fit my Countrymen should know for what, seeing you do maliciously with-hold it. Upon the 1st of M,rc-&, 1641-42, BOTH HOUSES CALLED UPON HIS The two House. MAJESTY bv their Petition presented at Theobalds ; That, for the dispatch e/^ii^ petition him tocome. great Affairs ofth'e Kingdom, the Safe:y of his Person, the Protection and Comfort of}^^^' his Subjects he would be pleased to continue h'S Abode near the Parliament, and not to withdraw Hmself to any the remoter Parts ; which if he should do, if must needs be a cause Of great Tavger and Distraction: And they prayed him to accept this humble Counsel as the effect iftha' Duy and Allegiance which they owed unto him, and which would not suffer them to admit of any Thoughts, Intentions, or Endeavours, but such as * were necessary and advantageous for his Majestic' s Greatness and Honour, and the 1 2 Safety €0 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW Siifety nnd Prosperity of the Kingdom : Expressions surely, that do not in the least savour of that Sedition and Rebellion, with which at this time, by you, Doctor^ and many other WICKED Clergymen, the Memory of this great Parliament is charged. TVitv send a declara- The King being deaf to the importunate Supplication of the Lords and Commons ■market.*''™ ^' ''^"*^" ^o'' ^*'^^^"^"™* They again called upon him more earnestly, sending after him a Declaration to Newmarket, by the Earls of Pimbroke and Holland, and a Committee of the Commons, wherein they laid before him the Causes of their own Fears and Jealousies in these Particulars : TnegTourtasdfrte ' I. That/A^ design of altering Religionhzi been potently carried-dn by those in fear* and jealouste ^ greatest Authority about himj the ^een\ Agent at Rome, the Pope's Nuncio ParKametat. ^ ^ here, are not only Evidences of this Design, but have been great Jeter s in it. ' 2. That the War with Scotland was procured to make way for this Intent, and * chiefly fomented by the Papists, and other persons Popishly-affected; whereof we have * many Evidences^ ' 3 That the Rebellion in Ireland was framed and contrived here in England ; and ' that the English Papists should have ristn -aboiit the same time, we have several * Testimonies, Sjfc. The Irish Rebels affirfn, that they do nothing but by Authority 'from the King; they call themselves the ^een's Arnty : The Booty which they take * from the English, they mark with the Queen's mark ; and it is proved that their * purpose was to come to England, after they had done in Ireland. ' 4. The labouring to infuse into your Majesty's Subjects an evil Opinion of the ' Parliament, and other Symptoms of a Disposition of raising Arms, and dividhig '* your People by a Civil War ; in which Combustion Ireland must needs be lost, * and this Eangdom miserably wasted and consumed, if not wholly ruined and * destroyed. ' 6. That your Mcyesty sent-away the Lord Digbyhy your own Warrant beyond * the Sea, after a Vote had passed in the House of Commons, declaring, that he ' hsA appeared in a Warlike manner at Kingston upon Thames, to the Terror of ' your Majesty's good Subjects j that he, being so ,got beyond Sea, vented his * traiterous Conception^ That your Majesty •should declare yourself, and retire to a * place of Strength ; and intimated some Service which he might do in those Parts ; * whereby, in probability, he intended the procuring of some Foreign Force to < strengthen your Majesty, in that Condition into which he would have brought you; * which malicious Counsel, we have great Cause to doubt, made too deep an Im- « pression on your Majesty, CONSIDERING THE COURSE YOU ARE * PLEASED TO TAKE, OT ABSENTING YOURSELF FROM YOUR * PARLIAMENT, and carryingthe Prince with you, which seems to express a purpose * in yt)Ur Majesty to keep yourself in a readiness for the acting of it. ' G. The manifold Advertisements which we have had from Rome, Venice, Paris, "and other^arts, that they still expect that ymr Majesty has jome great Hesign in •' iand TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. * handforthe altemg of Religion^ and breaking the Neck of your Parliament ; and * that you will yet find means to compass that Design: That the Pope's Nuncio hath ' sMt cited the Kiigs of "France and Spain to tend ycur Majesty 4000 Men apiece, to ' help to maintain your Royalty against the Parliament. * These are some of the grounds of our Fears and fealoujies, which made us so * earnestly to implore your Royal Authority and Protection for our Defence and ' Security in all the ways of Humility and Submission : which being denied by your * Majesty, JVe do with S.rrow apply curjehes to the Use of that * Power, which, by * The Militia. * the Fundamental Laws of this Kmgdom, resides in us; yet still resolving to keep our- * -selves within the Bounds of Faithfulness and Allegiance to your Sacred Person and ^your Crown. And as to the fears and Jealousies which his Majesty seemed to have entertained of them ; Ihe Lords and Commons thus answered : ' fVe have, according to your Majesty's Desires, laid our Hands upon our Hearts ; we * have ash' d ounelves m the strictest Examination of our Consciences, we have search' d * mr /Iffections, our Thoughts ; considered our Actions, and can find none that can * give your Majesty any Just occasion to absent yourself from "Whitehall and the Par- * Lament ; but that you may with more Honour and Safety continue there than ' in any other place. ' Your Majesty lays a general Charge upon us ; if you will be graciously pleased ' to let us know the Particulars, we shall give a clear and satisfactory Answer. * But what hoji can we have of ever giving your Majesty Satisfaction, when those ' Particulars 'which you have been made believe were true, yet, being produced and made ' known to Ks, appeared to be false; and your Majesty, notwithstanding, will neither ' punish nor produce the Authors; but go-on to" contract new Jealousies and ' Fears, upon general and uncertain grounds, affording us no means, or possibility, ' of particular Answers, to the clearing of ourselves ? ' WE BESEECH YOUR MAJESTY TO CONSIDER IN WHAT STATE ' YOU A RE, how easy and fair a way you have to Happiness^ Honour, and Greatness, ' Plenty and Security, if you will join with the Parliament in the Defence of the Re- « ligion and lubUck Good of the Kingdom. THIS IS ALL WE EXPECT FROM 'YOU; and for this we return to you our Lives, Fortunes, and utmost Endeavours ' to support your Majesty, and your just Sovereignty and Power over us ; but IT IS * N( T WORDS THAT CAN SECURE US in these our humble Desires : We ' cannot but too well and sorrowfully remember what GRACIOUS MESSAGES ^ we had from you this Summer, w-'/^fK, WITH YOUR PRIVITY, the bringing-up -^ g ' the A'tny was in Jgtation : We cannot but with the like affections, recall to our ' ' ' Mirtd.', how, not two days before your own coming to the Commons House, you sent a ' GRACIOUS MESSAGE, that you would always have the same care of their Privi- * ledges asof your own Prerogative; of the Safety of their Per sms as of thatof your ownChil- * dren. '1 hatwhichwe expect, — which will give us assurance, thatyou \yi.-^eno thought * but of teat e and Justice to your People, — must be some real Effect of your Good- ^ ness to them, in granting those things which thepreseiii neiessities at the Kingdom •do 61 62 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW Page S. Pages. The Militia. Page 20. Page 9. ' do enforce us to desire ; And that you will be graciously pleased to put from you ' those mischievous Counsellors who have caused all these Dangers and Distrac- * tions, and to continue your own Residence and the Princes, near I^ondon a'td the ' Parliament : which, we hope, will be a happy beginning of Contentment and Con- ' fidence betwixt your Majesty and your People j and be followed with many ' succeeding Blessings of Honour and Greatness to your Majesty, and of Security ' and Prosperity to them.' These are brief Heads, good Doctor, of the Declarati n which you mention to be read to the King at Newmarket ; and you, with very little regard to his Ma- jesty's Honour, do affirm, that, after the hearing this Declaration read, he expostu- lated in these words : What would you have ? Have I liolated your Laws ? Were you as well read in the History of that Day as you pretend to be, this his strong Expostulation with the Lords and Commons would never have found room in your Defence of the King ; for his high violations of the Laws were too well known to the whole World, to be denied ; and youj his Majesty's Defender, would never have revived the thing, had you remember'd the sliort, but most pertinent, Keply which both Houses made thereto, in these words ; IVe are heartily sorry we have such pltntiful matter of an Answer to that Question, HAVE I VIOLATED \ OUR. LAWS ? You proceed. Sir, saying, That the Applications from the two Houses at this time, were for NOTHING LESS than the MILITIA. You are out again. Doctor, and^ would I use the Rr>yal Language, wherewith the Earl of Holland was interrupted by the King in reading the Declaration to him at New-Market, I might, with more Truth than he did, say, THAT'S FALSE, THJTS A LIE : For in recounting some Particulars of the Declaration, I have demonstrated, that their Application was also for other and less Matters than the Militia ; they humbly pe- titioned him to put-away hij wicked Counsellors, and to return to his Parliament. You add ; Thzt the King continuing stedfast to his Resdution, and DEAF TO ALL THEIR IMPORTUNITIES, [The want of Ears, 4 must tell you, Reverend Sir, cost him his Head at lastj telling them. That he would not part with his Militia for an Hour. I must help you a httlein this part of the Story too ; The Earl oi Pembrock ask'd him. Whether the M'litia might n^t be granted, as was desired by the Parliament for a time? HIS MAJESTY SWORE, BY GOD, NOT FOR AN HOUR. This shews him a little more stubbornly btedfast than you would tell the World ; however, you tcld too much in this place, or his Mcjesty resolved fiW^worf/cb/dj/; for afterwards you say. That, at the Treaty at Ux bridge. He consented that the MiUtia, for three Tears, should be in the Hands of twenty Commissioners, the one half to be nominated by the two Rouses. Your next words are these, THE MILITIA THEY MUST HAVE, OR THE NATION IS UNDONE. The State of the Kingdom at that Day considered, there never fell from your Pen a greater Truth than what you have here delivered. For, besides the particu- lar Instances which I have already given you of the Kin^s Invasion of the Privi- ledges To DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 63 ledges of the Parliament, of the Rights of the People, and of his Preparations for Wa against them ; I must here inform you, that in the beginning gf the Year A striking instance 1641-42, a time when the fi«f was, in appearance, transacting Matters amicably °'^'^^ '^'"S*^"^"^' with the two Houses, and we seemed to be in a deep Peace ; a time when he de- clared, that he had received no other carriage from his Parliament than what he profes- sed himself satisfied with ; and that, if the Bills he had past were again to be offered ^ he should che&r fully and readily assent unto them ; efen then h.e dispatched^away Letters and an Agent to the King of Denmark, complaining of the Parliament, and asking Supplies from thence, JD PROPULSANDOS HOSTES ; (you know the English of that is, to subdue his Enemies ;) and declared himself in these words, ad alia Con- ^ silia minimum convert epdum duximus ; We resolve to betake ourjelf to NEW COUN- SELS ; which are the very words he used to the Parliament in the Year 1628. Further, upon the Discovery of his Plot to bring-up the English Army ag-am^i His traiterous ofFers the Parliament, he turned to the Scottish Army, xhemt Newcastle, and baited *°*^^'^°**'^^^™y' his Temptation with a rich Reward, not only to have 300,000 /, in hand, and the Spoil of .T:ondon, but four Northern Counties to be made Scottish. Moreover, to encourage them to joyn with him, he declaredAo them, that he was to have Money and Horse from Denmark, and that he would make York the place of his Residence, for the better Accommodation of both Nations, or /w/Zer Revenge upon London : He also gathered M en in London, under pretence of raising Forces for Portugal, who were to possess themselves of the Tower. The Queen in Holland was buying N. B. jirms, and his Majesty had actually raised Forces in divers Counties : The Par- liament was all this time petitioning in Peace : And for the Reasons now assigned, amongst many others, They humbly besought him., that he would be pleased to put the Toiver of London, and the Militia, into the hands of such Persons as should be recommended to him by both Houses of Parliament. The King seemed to comply herein, and by his Answer promised them, that the Milttia should be put into such hands as they should approve of, or recommend to him : hereupon both Houses no- minated Persons of the greatest Honour, as fit for that Trust ; to give you the Names of some of them, the Earls of Holland, Rutland, Bedford, Bullingbrook, Salisbury, Warwick, Pembrook, Leicester, Stamford, Essex, Clare, Northum- berland, Lincoln, Suffolk, &c. Lords, Paget, - North., Strange, Roberts, Grey of Wefk, Chandois, D'acres, Mandeiille, Wharton, Spencer, Brook, Herbert, Fibldirtg, Littleton, Lord-Keeper. &c. Men eminent in all Qualifications of Ho- nour and Sufficiency were recommended for several Counties, and the King was desired to agree thereunto, as he had promised ; upon his delaying to give a satis- factory Answer, they again petition him to give such an Answer as might raise in them a Confidence that they should not be exposed to the Practices of those who thirst after the Ruin of the. Kingdom, and the kindling that Combustion in England which they had effected in Ireland : That nothing could enable them to suppress THE REBELLION IN IRELAND, and secure England, but the granting of their humble tetitton ; which they find so absolutely necessary for the preser- A^aion of the 'King and Ck)mmon-weaith, that the Laws of God and Man injoyn them Qi A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW thpin to see it put m Execution. They again, by a Petition presented at Theobalds^ March 1, 1641-42, intreated him, that he would at last be pleased to grant their necessarif Petition concerning the Militia, and declared, that, if he refused to do it in fhce times of Distraction, they must be enforced to dispose of it for the Safety of the Kingdom, in such manner «rv had been propounded to his Majesty. They f6llowed him with the same humble Supplication^ in his several Removes to York : But, (HE HAVING KQ^'ICATYX) the Parliament, and BEING DEAF (as you most ingenuously confess) TO ALL THEIR IMPORTUNITIES;) they declared, that there had been of late a most desperate Design upon the House of Commons, which they had just cause to bel'eve was an Effect of the BLOODY COUNSELS of PAPISTS, and other ill-affected Persons, who had already raised A REBEL- LION IN IRELAND, and, by reason of many Discoveries, they could not but fear they would proceed, not only to stir-up the like REBELLION AND INSUR- Wh Hou"es for°[he SECTION in this Kingdom, but also to back them with Forces from abroad; Militia. ^ and thereupon both Houses made an Ordinance for the ordering the Militia of England and Wales; there appearing an urgent and inevitable Necessity for put- ting his Majesty's Subjects in a Posture of Defence for the Safeguard of both his Majesty and the People. And they RESOLVED, that, in this case of extream Danger, and of his Majesty's refusal, the Ordinance agreed-to by both Houses for the Militia doth oblige the People, and OUGHT TO BE OBEYED, by the Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom. They further, about that time, RESOLVED, That the King's Absence, so far remote, from his Parliament, was not only an Obstruction, but MIGHT BE A DESTRUCTION to the Affairs 0/ Ireland. The spirited behavi- And now. Sir, having laid before you the Grounds of the Parliament's proi- of Rif ha' dYl'^mmn needing as they did, in the business of the Militia : I will shew you how much his withdrawing him- higher our Forefathers went than we did in ] 641-42. They were of that Courage self from them. j^jjj Severity of Zeal to Justice and their Native Liberty, against the proud Coa- tempt and Mis-rule of their Kings : that, when RICHARD the Second departed but from a Committee of Lords, who sat preparing Matters for the Parliament, they required the King, (who was then withdrawn no further off than to the Tower) to return to Westminster ; WHICH HE REFUSING, THEY FLATLY TOLD HIM, THAT, UNLESS HE CAME, THEY WOULD CHOOSE ANOTHER KING. So high a Crime it was accounted then, for a King to absent himself from his Parliament. Much less would they have suffered, that a King^ should leave "his Regal Station, and the whole Kingdom bleeding to Death of those Wounds which his own unskilful and perverse Government had made. Yet, WE IN OUR DAY went not their length ; THE KING HAD ABDICATED;, our Religion, Lives and Liberties were threatened with most imminent Danger, from intestine Enemies and Foreign Force j fVE only made a most necessary Provision, that our own Swords should not be employed to the Destruction of all that was dear unto us. And pray, what harm, what Rebellion, was there in all this ? Page 10. The next thing we meet with in your Defence, REVEREND DOCTOR,, is this J Before the fFar actually broke-aut, the King was gone to York, hoping ihereby^ TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. (}5 thereby /o COOL THE HEATS that were AT LONPON, and in some Uttk time TO BE INVITED thither, to live with more Honour and Safety than ho did before. The King in truth went to York in a high Chafe, hoping for sdmething beyond. The King goes to and contrary to, what you intimate; 'twas in hopes that, (to enable himself the bet-^"'"'^' 'jj.°'**?f '^ ter for that dismal War which he had resolved-upon,) he might possess himself of fheMa-'a^Tue at"- Hull, a Town of great Strength, and most advantageously situated, both for Sea Hullt and Land Affairs ; and which was at that time the Magazine of all the Arms which he had bought with Money most illegally extorted from his Subjects, to use in a causeless and most unjust Civil War against his Subjects of Scotland. Did he hope for an Invitationhs.ck to London.'' Why, he had had that very often made to him, in a, most humble and earnest manner ; in particular, by a Petition of the Lcrds and Com^ mons, presented to- him at Tflrjt, the l^tb oi March, ]642. Thty humbly advised and beseeched him, that, FOR THE RECOVERY OF IRELAND and securing this., Kingdowt he would h graciously pleasfid,with all convenient speed, to return to London, Thq two Housessend and to close with the Counsel of his Parliament ; where he should find their dutiful Commissiojiers to the Affections and Endeavours ready to attend him, with such entertainment as should -^j^^^^^^^^^^J^^*-^- not cinly give him just cause af Security in their Faithfulness, but ether manifold Evidences of their Intentions and Endeavours to advanfe his Majesty's Service, Honour, and Contentment, and to establish it upon the sure Foundation of the Peace and Pros- perity of his Kingdoms. EXPRESSIONS, surely. Doctor, THAT DO NOT IN THE LEAST SAVOUR OF REBELLION AND TREASON. But the deaf The King endei. King, instead of hearkening to this dutiful Petition and Invitation,^ summoned the vours to raise an. Gentry of that County to attend him at York, where he made the nipst bitter Invec- PaJhatnlnT." ^^ tives against the Parliament^ a,nd stirred them up to raise //onrdthat Honour and Safety to your Majesty, AS THE WHOLE KINGDOM; WHICH YOU MAY COMMAND, «o ground vf Fear or Dunger remaining, if a good Confidence were got betwixt ymr Ma- jesty and your Parliament ; whose grave and loyal Counsels are, we humbiy conceive^ the visible way, under God, topiifn speedy end to the Troubles 0/ Irelafld, and esta- Msh yeur Throne in Righteousness. ':, Pf^emost hambly sufplitate, that we^tnay represent our Unfitness to iteame Judges betwixt your Majesty and Parliament, in any thing, or dispHe the 'Authority of either ; \ohich, we humbly Conceive ;\io fortifie each other ■ — ■ — IVe shall be ready to main- tain your Majesty's just Rights^ the Priviledges atid^ Power of Parliament, and the lawful Libei ties of the Sitbjedts^ I have now shewn you. Doctor, that the King wanted not hvitations to return amiUvein Honour and Safety at London : The Parlia^ient- inaportuiiately pl-essed it $ the Gentkw^n and'-Freehglders of Torkshire humbly -sqpplicaled W. But nothing is more xrertain than that, instead of hoping to tool the Heats aX London by retiring to Yoi k, 'twas his sole purpose and intention to put that Country, and the whole Kmg- The kiDgfejects dt^m, into a Flame, as he quickly did j and, pursujHit to that Design, having rejected, these Petitions, and •^yith Scom, the Petitions I have mentioned, he persisted in his former way of rais- Torces. ^"g Forces, and made a Proclamation, requiring all Gentlemen, ■ and others,- of that Country, to attend hira in Arms. ThePariisment votes 'The Jsirrtls and Commons, wisely foreseeing the impending MiscMef, artd observing tends to ma!I:e^va^ *^^ Ciouds to gather SO fast, and -tlireaten a Storm, they as wi§ely endeavoured to upon them. prevent it; and therefore passed a Vote, May 20, 1642, That it appeaps that the King May 20, i^i2. (Seduced by wicked Counsel) -intends to make War against the Parliament ; who^ in all their Consultations id Actions, hav^e. proposed no other end untv themselves, hut jthe-Care of his Kingdom, and the. performance ofaJl Duty and Loyalty to his Person. 2. That whensoever jhe King maheih War upon-the Parliament, it is a Breach ef the Trust reposed in him by his Peoide, contrary to his Oath, and tending to the Ditso- 'lutionofthe Government. S. Thai whosoever shall serve, cr assist him in such War, are Traitorsffy-the Fun- damental Laws of this Kingd.m, and have been so adjudged by two Acts of Partia- m*M, and ought to suffer as Traitors, 1 1 Rich. 2. 1 Hen. 4'. But TO DR. ROLLING WORT Wi 67 But I must hear you. Sir, upon this Point, c^-thejirst beginning of the. unnatural f^^e ta. and bloody War. You suggest^ that he was forced to raise an Army, -whieh was after the Parliament had voted a Necessity of a War with him, "Will you never leave your-L Ditftor ? The Parliament did not vote a nee snty of a War ; they indeed fo/ifd/j as I' told you but now, That it appeared that the King intended to make War against them j and it was near two Months afterwards. They afterwa,rds wzr the l2tho{yufy, 1642, that the Lords and Commons, ^finding his Majestyto^°'«!hitaa Army persist in that Intention) voted, that an ylrmy should he forthwith raised for the Safi- defence. °' * *''" ly of theKing^s Person, IDefence of both Houses of Parliament, and preserving nf the true Juiy la, 164'?. Religion, the Laws, Liberty, and the Peace of the Kingdom. That the Earl o/ Essex should bs General, and that they will live and die with him in this Cause ; aid that the Earl of Bedford should he General of the Horse, Nevertheless, they resolved. But first presenta that a Petition should be presented to his Majefty, by the JEai4 of Holland, Sir John Petition t tlie Kiag; Holland, and Sir Philip Stapleton, to move the King to a good- Accord^ with his ^^P'-^^^"' ** •='*" Parliament, to prevent a Civil War ; which was to the eiFeet following. ' Although, 'We, your Majesty's most-humble- ani^ faithful Subjects, the ZW/ and Thwr I'etitiow ' Commons assembled in Pariiament, have been very unhappy in many former Peti- * tions to your Majesty ; and, with much Sorrow, d» perceive that your Majesty, in- ' censed by many false Calumnies and Slanders, doth Gontinue to raise Forces against < us, and to make great Preparations fos Wan, both in the Kingdom, and from * beyond the Seasj yet, such is,our earnest desire of discharging our Duty to your ' Majesty and the Kingdom, to preserve the Peace thereofj and' to prevent' the * Miseries of Civil War : That-(notwitbstanding.we holAourselves bound to use all ' the Means and- Power which, by the taws and Constitutions " of this Kingdom, * we are trusted with, for Defence and Protection thereof, and of the Subjects, * from Force SHid" Vioknee ;) We do, in this our humble and loyal Petition, pros- * trate ourselves at youf Majesty's Feet, beseeching that you will forbear and re- * move all Preparations and Actions of War ; — That jyea will come nearer to youv ' Parliament, and hearken to their faithful Advice and> humble Petitions, which * shall only tend to the Defence and Advancement of Religion, your own Royal *^ Honour and Safety, and the preservation of our \jx^s and Liberties. And we have * been, and ever shall be, careful to previni and punish all Tumults and Seditious: Act- « ings. Speeches, nnd Writings, which may give yoaj Majesty just cause of Distaste, •i or apprehension of Danger. * And we, for our Fartsj shall be ready to lay-down all those Preparations which ' we hjive been forced to make- for our Defence. And with respect to the Town of * Hull and the Ordinance coneerning the Militia-,— zs w© have, in both these Particu- ' lars, only sought the preservation of the Peace of the.Kjngdom, and the Defence of * the Parliament from Force and Violence, so we shall most willingly leave the Town * of Hull in the state in which it was before Sir John Hotham drew any Forces into ' it, delivering ^tf«r Majesty's Magazine into theTower of London : and We shall be * ready to settle the Militia by a Bill, in such a way as shall be honourable and safe for. «. your Majesty, most sgreeableto the Duly oi Parliament, and effectual to the iGrbodof ^ ■ ^ K 8 « the 68 A LETtER FROM GENERAL LUDLOVtT ' the kingdQfrtf that the Strength thereof be not employed against itself; an4 thai ' which ought, to be for our Security , applied to our Destruction. And that the Paf- ' I'ament, and those who profess aud desire stiU to preserve the Protestant Religion, ' both in this Realm, and in trtland, may" not be left naked and indefensible, to the * mischievous Designs and cruel Attempts of those who are the profess" d and con- ^ federate Enemies thereof, in your Majesty's IDominions, and other Neighbour ' Nations: To which, if your Mc^esty's Courses and Counsels shall from henbe- ' forth concur ; We doubt not but we shall quickly make it appear to the World, * by the most eminent Effects of Love and Duty, That your Majesty's personal ' Safety, your Royal Honour and Greatness, are much dearer to u». than our ottl.n ' Lives and Fortunes, nvhich we do most heartily dedicate, arid shall most willingly * employ^ for the support and maintenance thereof.- And now, Sir, I appeal to you, and to all the World, Whether these Men talk'd Jiere, as though they were resolv'd to mak/s War, and eUgrmsnll into their vwn hands, let what would .become of the King P as a .certain Aldgate Doctor 'i^ 'Divinity falsly accuses the Lords and Commons. Thanhs \i% to God, ^ix John Holland (as weU as Sir John Prattle) is yet alive in Norfolk, in perfect Health and Understaijding ; and is ready to give the same account 1 have here given you, to any Man that asks him about it. What say you next. Mi. Chaplain, at Aldgate P Why, To let t^ie World see what tfie King aimed-at. He does assure the Gentlemen, whose Loyalty engaged them early on his Sid^, and does promise them, in the Presence ^Almighty God, and as he hopes for his Blessing and Protection, that he woulcli' to tfie utmost of his Power, defend and: maintam the true Protestant- Rdigtort establish'd in 'the Church q/" England. . , > You almost provdke me. Doctor, to draw-up a Petition to your Right. Honours- able and Right Reverend Diocesan, to suspend you from writing- DEFENCES-, till you swear to do them honestly ; then, and not till then, we may hope for^Ae Truth', the -whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth. I am credibly infprmedi that there. was something more in this Speech, than you are willing to acknowledge; 'Tis the same, I take it for granted, that his Majesty made at the H«ad of his Army, between Stafford and Wellington, the 1 9th of September 1 642. He then had these Expressions also y The time cannot be long before we come to Action — You shail meet with no Enemies, but TRAH'ORS, MOST OF THEM BROWNISTS, ANABAPTISTS, AND ATHEISTS. These werethe Words of a King ; I shall not therefore reflect flirther upon them, than to ask you, upon the Oath which you are to take. Whether you do in your Conscience believe, that the Great, the Good, the pious King, spoke Truth here? Whether he had not more Atheists and Papists in his Army, than the Parliament had Brovmisls and' Anabaptists in theirs ? Page 12. Your next effort is this ; You fall upon'iAe Consideration of the Steps his Ma- jesty made towards Peace, and thus express yourself; Truly, J think; AC- CORDING TO MY POOR JUDGEMENT, he now Acts according to. what he always TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. g9 always pretended, and solemnlu avowed ; to wit, as a true Father of his Country \ for he purposes. That HIS REVENUE, MAGAZINES, TOWNS, SHIPS AND Forts may be restored to him, and all should be well. Now I will readily agree, that there is ,here and there found a Doctor, nay a Chaplain too, of a poor Jua^einent ; but one would think, that he that is conscious of his owil Weakness and incapacity, should not assuitie the Arrogance to judge in MatteTs o^' Right between Princes and their People. And I will here tell you, what bettfer Heads than you or I ever wore, said Upon this Point; The Opinion of the Parliament was. That his Majf sty's Totuns were no more his own, than the The King's revenues ' Kingdom is his own ; and his Kingdom is no mdre his own, than his People are his ^^ prerogatives are own : And if the King had a Propriety in a{l.fiis Towns, what -zaJhiild iecome of j^ot°o^hh^own bT- the Subjects Property in their Houses therein P And if he had a Propriety in to nefit, but for the Kingdom, whatiuquld become of the Subject f^ Property in their Lands f Arottg'AoMi ^°^ "^' the Kingddm; or' of their Liberties, if his Majesty hadjhe same Right in their Perfionsy that everif Subject hath in his Lands? this ERRONEOUS MAXIM being infused ikto Princes, THAT THEIR KINGDOMS. ARE THEIR OWN; and that they may do with them what the.yivill, ( AS IF 'THEIR KINGDOMS were for them, and not THEY for their Kingdoms) is the Root of all the Subjects ' Misery, and of the invading of their just Rights and Liberties ; whereas INDEED THEY ARE ONLY INTRUSTED with- their Kingdoms, and ivith their Towns, and with their People, and with the Publick Treasures of the Common- Wealth, and whatsoever is bought therewith; and by the known Law of the King- dom, /he VERY JEWELS OF THE CROWN are not the King's PROPER Goods, but are only intrusted- unto him for the Use and Ornament thereof; as the Towns, Forts, Treasure,, Magazines, Offices and the People of the Kingdom j and the whole Kingdom itself i^ entrusted unto him, for jhe Good, Safety, and best Advantage thereof And AS THIS TRUST IS'FOR THE USE OF THE KINGDOM, SO IT OUGHT TO BE MANAGED BY THE ADVICE OF THIi HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, whom' the Kingdom hath trusted for thai purpose, it being their Duly lo see it be discharged, according to the condition and true intent thereof, and as much as in them lies, by all possible means to prevent the contrary. Not to enquire what you, Sir, in your poor Judgement, do think of this high Principle, I will move with what speed I can, to a Conclusion: I told you, not long since. That the Lor as and Commons voted the raising an Army to be com- manded by the Ea>i oi Essex ; and at the same time huiiibly (but in. vain) sup- plicated the King tor Pt-ace, and/o return.to his Parliament. When the General marched with his Forces towards the ^rmy ra.ised against the Parliament and Kingdom : He was instiuctedtb fight at such Time and Place as he should judge most to coridu(;e to theT^ace and Safety of the Kingdom, but was also commanded to cause a Petition of both Houses to be presented to his Majesty; wherein they thus expressed themselves, , _ , , , , a .r. -« We cannot, without great grief and tenderness of Compassion, behold ^^e An°^^er^P^^^tit|on^of ' pressing King. 70 A- LETTER FROM GENERAL EUDLOW ' pressing Miseries, the imminent Dangers, the devouring Calamities, ■which d», * extueamly threaten .the Kingdoms of England and Ireland, by the practice o£ <^ *• Party prevailing with your Majesty, who by many wicked Plots and Conspiracies,. " have attempted the alteration of the true Religion, and the Antient Government of "this King/iom, and the introducing of FOPISK IDOLATRY AND SUPERSTl- ' TION in the CHURCH, and TYRANNY and CONFUSION in the STATE -, * And, for the pompassing thereof, have long carmptedyour Majesty's Ceunftls, abused * your power, a^d,^ sudden and untimely dissolving of the former Parliaments, havfe ' often hindred the Reformation and Prevention o£ ^ose. MiscUefs ;, and, being now * disabled to avoid the Endeavours of ttus Parliament, by any such means, have * TRAITEROUSLY attempted to over-awe the same by Force : And, in Prosecution ' of their wicked Designs, ,&4«^ EXCITED, ENCOURAGED, AND FQSTER'D « an unnatural REBELLION in IRELAND ; and have drawn your MAJESTY * to make War against your Parliament,, as if you intended, ^_y CONQUEST, to * estabUsh an ABSOLUTE, ILLIMLTED, POWER over them. * And hy TOUR POWER,.andthe countenance of your Presence, they have SPOIL- * ED, IMPRISONED,. MURDERED divers of your People. And, for their better * assistance in- these wicked Designs, they do seek to bring-over the Rebels. 0/ Ireland tP * join with them. JVE HAVE, for the just and. necessary Defpnte. of the. Protestant * Religion, of your Majesty's Person, of the Laws and Liberties of the Kingdom, and ^the Priviledge and Power of Parliament', TAKE N-UP ARMS, and appointed * Robert, Earl of Essex, to be Captain-General of all the Forces by us raised ; and ' to head and conduct the same, against these REBELS and TRAITQRS, ^nd * them to subdue and bring, to: condign Punishment. * And we do most humbly beseech your Majesty to withdraw, your Royal Pretencg « and Countenance from these, wicked Persons; and THAT YOUR MAJESTY WILL ' NOT MIX YOUR OWN DANGER WITH THEIRS ; but, in Peace and * Safety, forthwith return, to your Parliament, and by their i^thful Counsel and * Advice, compose the present Distempers and Confusions abomiding in both your *• Kingdoms, and provide for the Security and honour of your Royal Posterity, aud the ' prosperous Estate of all your Subjects : And we do, in the presence of Almighty ' God, profess. That we will receive your Majesty with all Honour, yield you all duo- • ' Obedience and Subjection, and faithfully endeavour to secure your Perspn and Estate ^ from all Danger; and, to the uttermost of our Power, to procure and establish to * Tour self, and to your People, all the blessings of a glorious, and ha;^ Reign.' You see. Sir, the LORDS AND COMMONS TALK'D LIKE CHRIS- TIANS ; They were grieoed at the Miseries of the Kingdoms ; Th^ detested the Romish Idolatry: When, they sent their Army against the Enemies of the King and Kingdom, they supplicated his Majesty not to mix his Danger with theirs, but to return in Peace to his Parliament, and compose the Distempers of his Kingdoms, and provide for tht Security and Honour of his Posterity :. They, IN THE PRESENCE OF GOP^ PROFESS, that they would receive him with all Honour, yield him all due Stdjectiofi,,, endeavour ta sscure him from Danger, and make his Reign Glorious and Hflppy ; WHICH 'TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 71 VMlCn WORbS CERTAINLY ARE NOT THE WORDS OF TRAI- TOR'S. But all this would not do: for he resolved' to answer thei'^ Pefitms'in TheKingpToch.lmt Bieod, and prodaimed the Eari of Ess.^x, a RebeU Yet, to blind the Eyes of the ti-e Eari of tssex a Mnltitede, and disguise his pernicious and cruel Intentions, under the semblance ^*''**' of Peace and Justice, he mac^e (as you. Doctor^ have observed) divers solemn Protes- tatioKs, with fiarful Imprecations u-pm himself ■ and invocation of God' s Holy Name, nat he intended nothing but the Peace and'-Welf are cfbis People, the main'enance of Religion, and the Laws of the Kingdom; and for his own security only, to raise a Guard for his Person ; and that he did from his Soul abhor the thought of-makng War against the Parliament, or toput the Kingdom into a Combustion : Nevertheless, his contrary Intentions were at that vfry instant manifested, by these ensuing Actions and Proceedings, before the Parliament voted the'raising of their Army. He puti« Ga¥tison of Souldiers into Newcastle. The * Papists, • in a peremptory manner, in the King's Name, demanded their Arms, tciken from them According to the Laws, to be again resto/ed to them. He caused the Mouth oithe^iver Tins to be fortified, whereby the whole Trade of NslJDcastle for Coals, was subject to be interrupted whensoever he should please. A Ship laden with Cannon fir Battery, Powder, and yimmunition, was brought for him into the Rhir of Humber ; which also brought several Commanders from Foreign Parts": Also divers other large Preparations of Warlike Provisions were made beyond the Sea, and shortly expected ; besides, great Numbers of Gentle- men, Hvrses, and Arms, were drawn from all parts of the Kingdom ; and all the Gentlemen of Torkshire required to bringnn their Horses'for the -King's Service. Commissions for raising Horse were granted, and divers Officers fophis Army w«re appointed - Upon the Ath of July, the King rendeevouzed an Army of a considerable num- ber of Horse and Foot at Beverly ; amongst whom there were divers Papists, and other persons of desperate Fortune and Condition, ready to execute any Violence, Rapine, and Oppression. He sent some Tr.Lps of Horse into Lineohshtre, to "the great Terror of the Peoplej They beg/m to take-away Men's Horses'hy force, and to commit Acts of Hostility. These are sad Truths, Reverend Doctor ; and the King having thus, contrary to his solemn ^Protestation, begun the War ; the Lords and C(.;k/W»j assembled in Parliament, -held themselves bound in Conscience to raise Forces for the preserva- tion of the Peace of the Kingdom, and Protection of the People-in their Persons and Estates, ac-cording to Law; and for the Defence and -Seouiity of the Panlia- ment : and accordingly, upon the \2thoiJuly, 1642, and not before, (as I have already tcldyou) they voted the raising an Army for these purposes. Now in regard, as I understand, you were, before your Dotage, a Presbyterian * Upon the 27th of September, 1642, he not onlv allovred, but required, the Papists of Lancathire io provide Arms for themselves, their Servant! aodXenants ; and all, withcmt doubt, for the Service oi the -Cbdith of England. :Miniit£r 73 A LETTER .FROM GENERAL LUDLOW Minister of Essex ; iwould gladly; set yoMV poor Judgement right iflithis great Point, of as well the Necessity as, the Justice of the Parliament- ff^ar ; an4, in, regard that I find you -prejudiced against Dr. Seamaw and Mr. Calamy, I will not offer their Opinion to you ; but, pray, see what the learned and pious Mx.;Dqni el Rogers, flf Wethersfieldy. Mr. Matthew Newcomen of Hedham,^ and above' sifcty eminent Ministers of so many several Townstiin^siea?, left under ^heir hands,' in relaUoa. to this Controversy between yo^ and me. /,., . A declaration of six- < We (saytheyj cqli.the God of Heaven and-Earth to tvitness upon ourSoulSi in E^sTx°concerning ' t^at «f was not haired to amf Party or Pewora,.much less to the Perspn-pf OUR the cause of the civil' KING, that first drew us to engage with, and for, the PARLIAMENT; but '"^" ' clearly thisk— Some Years before the assembling of iHsasParMamerit, ive evidently ' saw the Jjffairs of Church and State in imminent andappareni ^^zar^ j : many and ' great Alt^c^ions made in Doctrine, Innovations ifi, Woifship^ the Pofner of God- ' liness disgrac'd, true Religion undermined, thefaithfid and conscientious Profes- *■ sors of it persecuted, even to Bonds, Flight, and Imprisonment : — POPERY « CONNIVE:p.AT, COUNTENANCED, COURTED:— besides many grievous ' Oppres,sit>ns of the Subjects in their Liberties and Properties^ These things we ' saw and sighed for, but hadrio thoughts of inviting any to make Re^staucej ;tho' ' against the abused Name and Power of a misguided King, whom we much pitied W ' his Miscarriages) vmA itpleajsedGod to.bless uswith^ PARLIAMENT,— THE <^ ORDINARY MEJNS WHICH HE HATH 4PP0INXED IK THI&. ' NATION FOR THE REDRESSING OF SUCH GROWING EVILS. See the Remon- ' The Parliament meet, declare their Apprehensions of the Danger of CHXJRCB. tfthrKiL'dom^'^'* ' AND STATE, apply themselves to all humble and submiss ways, by PETl- December\5t\iii. ' TJONS, REMONSTRANCES, &c. speak nothing but honourably of the: * King ; lay the Blame of all Miscarriages upon Evil Counsellor-^; require, them to. ' Tryal. But God, for our Sit^is and his, shuis-up his Majesty's Heart against these. * Addresses; Instead of yielding-up those whom the Parliament, demands, hq * demands some of their Members-, and seconds his Demand with a Face of Violence., ' Arid HERE BEGAN THAT MOST UNHAPPY BREACH: the P^rli-. ^(zmen/, upon thisj desire a Guard ; th^ King apprehended, OR PRETEND ED, ^Terror; he leaves hts Parliament upon it, and, UNDER SHADOW OF A ' GUARD for his Person, RAISETH AN ARMY, sets^ his STANDARD^ ' &c: The Story is too long and sad for us to relate ; but Aerace arQse that Fire, ' which since hath burnt aliupst to the very Foundatipji ; And who know§ when it .' will be quenched ? ; ' The Par/mmew.^,: seeing which: way the Cquns^k of the .A^w^ steered, apprehend ' iz necessity of raising Arms FORTHE DEFENCE OF THEMSELFES '-AND THE KINGDOM.— When the War was first commenced, their Army ' carried a Petition in the one hand, as w(ll as a Sword in the other, in which the « Lords and Commons do, IN THE PRESENCE OF ALMIGHTY GOD, profess TO DR. HOLLTNGWORTH. 73 •profess. That if his Majesty will forthwith return to his Parliament, i^e, they will * receive him wtth all Honour, yield him all due Subjection and Obedience ; and faith- ' fully endeavour td secure his Person and Estate from all Danger, and do the utmost 'cf their Power, to procure and establish to himself and his People all the Blessings ef * fl glorious and happy Reign. WE DID THEN VERILY BELIEVE, AND ' YET DO, that these were the sincere and cordial Intentions of the Lords and Com- * mens ; and, although the King was so unhappy as to reject that Petition, yet they ' persisted still in the same Loyalty of Intentions and Affections towards him, as ap- ' pears in their many Messages to himself, and Declarations to the Kingdom. ' Upon these Grounds we engaged in this CAUSE, being called to it by a lawful , ' Jutkority; The TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BEING THE OR- 'DINANCE OF GOD UNTO THIS NATION, FOR THE PREVENTING 'OFTYRANNY, AND THE REGULATING OF THE EXORBITAN- ' CIES OF REGAL POWER, and being convinced in our Judgements, both of ' the Equity and Necessity of THE PARLMMENTS DEFENSIVE ARMS, ^c. ' WE APPEAL TO GOD, the Searcher of all Hearts, to whom we must give 'an Account of all our Ways, THAT THESE WERE THE GROUNDS OF ' OUR FIRST ENGAGEMENT. Now, Sir, to look-back to your Defence of the King ; I find you frequently glo- rying in his Majesty's oft-repeated Gracious Messages, Offers, Proposal*, and Conde- seen siont, for Peace ; and in relation to the Deportment of the Parliament, you thus express your poor Judgement. I cannot but perswade myself, they were resolved to Page 17, continue the War, and engross all into their own hands, let what would become of the King : But yet, that they might pacify the Minds of a great Number of the Nation, who groaned under the Miseries^ of the War, and began to see too much of a ■private Tl?^ ''^''5^'y '^P^^' Spirit under publick Pretences ; they consent to a Treaty at Uxbridge. They did sa; ]'q44.5. and you declare that two Heads were agreed to be there debated, viz. 1 . Of Religion and Church-Governments 2. Of the Militia. Now, in reading the History of that Treaty, I find, that a third great thing, was agreed to be also debated, viz. The business of iveX^xiA. But, that being a Point , , which you care not to touch, I must not allow you to hide it. To discourse a little about this Treaty. Notwithstanding the King (for his Credit's sake, and to satisfy his own Party, weary of War,') yielded to a Treaty-, I cannot per- s%vade myself, hut he was resolved to continue the War. And, if you appear not a man of resolved Prejudices, or else of ■profound and stupid Ignorance, I- do half think that I may bring you over to my Opinion in this matter. For, to let you see what disposed him to hearken to this Treaty, take his own words in his Letter to the ■ ; Queen in December, 1644. " I shall shew thee upon what Grounds I came to a Treaty, tg the end thou mafst the better understand and APPROVE of my Ways j Then know, ('rtj A CERTAIN TRUTH) that alU EVEN MY PARTY, are strongly itnpOitient for Peace; which obliged me so much the more, {at all occasions) to shew my I, r.eal 74 A LETTER FROxM GENERAL LUDLOW real Intentions to Pence. 1— NO DANGER OF DEATH SHALL MAKE ME DO ANY THING UNWORTHY OF THY LOVE. At the very instant of this Treaty, which was had in February, J 1644-, the King used all imaginable means to bring, not only FOREIGN FORCES, but the Irish CUT-THROATS, against the Parliament. To clear-up this Point, and also to evince how insincere he was inhis pretended Intentions of Peace, I will briefly present to your view his Under-hand Transactions, as well with Foreign Princes, as those Rebels : and in the first place, I shall mind you of some Passages between Him and J the ^esn, in relation to this and other Treaties^ Km^TfnstnceMtv id ^^ ^ Letter to her bf January 9, 1744. he writes thus. The Scots Commissioners cai.'i,ing'on this have Sent to me to send a Commission to their General Assembly ; WHICH I AIM treaty. RESOLVED NOT TO DO : But, to the end of making some use of this occasion by sending an honest man to London, and that I may have the more time for the making A HANDSOME NEGATIVE, Ihave demanded a Passport for Phil. fParwich, by whom to return my Answer. At another time in the same Month he tells her, that, as for my calling those at London* A PARLIAMENT, IF THERE HAD BEEN BUT TWO OF MY OPINION, I had not done it \ THE CALLING DID NO WAYSACKNOW- LEDGE THEM TO BE A PARLIAMENT; M/>on m/A/cA Condition and Con- struction I did it, and accordingly it is registered in the Council-Books. Nothing is more evident than that the King was steered by, the Queen's Counsel in the Managemenfqf this Vxlxt'idg-Treaiy, and that which you call the Church of England [THE BISHOPS] was greatly her Care. By Letter in January 1644, before the begkining of that Treaty, She instructs him not to abandon those who have served him, lest tHiey forsahe him in his need ; ihat SHE hopes he will have a care of her and her RELIGION: That in her Majesty's Opinion, RELIGION SHOULD BE THE LAST THING UPON WHICH HE SHOULD TREAT : for, if he do agree upon Strictness against the Catholicks, it would dis- courage them to serve him; and, if afteriuards there should be no Peace, he could never expe^ Succours either FROM IRELAND, or any other CATHOLICK PRINCE. In another of her Letters we find her writing thus, Jan. 17, 1644 : It comforts me much to seethe Treaty shall be at Uxbridge. 1 RECEIVED YESTERl DAY LETTERS FROM THE DUKE OF LORRAIN, WHO SENDS ME WORD, IF HIS SERVICE BE AGREEABLE TO YOU, HE WILL BRING YOU'lO,0(X) MEN ABOVE AU.,' have a care not to ABANDON ths)se who -have served you, AS WELL THE BISHOPS, AS THE POOR CATHOLICKS. By the King's Letters to the Queen in February , when the Treaty at Uxbridge was depending, he styles the Parliament UNREASONABLE, STUBBORN, PERFIDIOUS REBELS ; presses her to hasten all possible Assi^ance to him, * He had aSjfeed (o treat wfththem as a Pa/•//tfw^»«^, the Zueen upbraided him for so doing; and he thus vindicates himself. partiadariy TO, DR. HOLLINGWORTH. particularly that sf the Duke of Ijarxdxn. He tells her, that the limited da ijs for treating are now almost expired, without the least Agreement upon any one Article ; wherefore 7 sent for enlarsement of Days, THAT THE WHOLE TREATY MAY BE LAID OPEN *T0 THE WORLD ; and I ASSURE THEE THOU NEEDEST NOT DOUBT THE ISSUE OF THIS TREATY- for MY COMMISSIONERS ARE SO WELL CHOSEN, (iho' I say it) that Ihey will neither Jbe threatened, nor difiputed, from the Grounds 1 have given them, which (upon my word) IS ACCORDING TO THE LITTLE NOTE THOU SO WZLL REMEMBEREST r^Be confident that in making Peace I shall ever shew my CONSTANCY IN ADHERING TO BISHOPS AND ALL OUR FRIENDS, and not forget to put a short Period to this perptual Parliament. We find him in another Letter, dated the 5lh of March, expressing himself in these words : 1 have thought of one means more to furnish thee with for my Assistance^ than hitherto thou hast had ;, it is, that I GIVE THEE POWER TO PROMISE, IN MY NAME, THAT / w,ill * take-away all the Penal Laws against the Roman-CathoUcks. m England, as soon as God shall enable me to do it. Another Letter to her of the 20th of Mar eft., hath this Expression : Ifind that Thou muphmim^est. Me. concerning Irel^d j I DESIRE' NOTHING MORE THAN A PEACE there, and never forbad thy Commerce there. In relation to Ireland, b^ wrpte to the Marquess o£ Ormond_ to this effect, Jan. 1.' THE REBELS HERE have agreed to TREAT : AND MOST ASSU, REDLY ONE OF THE FIRST and chief ARTICLES thei/ will insist-on will be, TO CONTINUE THE IRISH WAR ; WHICH IS A POINT NOT POPULAR FOR ME TO BREXK ON: of which you are to make a double use: First, TO HASTEN, WITH ALL POSSIBLE DILIGENCE THE PEACE THERE ; the timely conclusion of which, will idke-'off that Inconvenience tihich otlierwise I may be subject to, by the refusal of that Article, upon any other Reason. Secondly, By dexterous conveying to the Irish, the Danger there may be of their total and perpetual EXCLUSIC3N FROM THOSE FAVOURS I INTEND THEM, in case THE REBELS here clap-up a Peace with me. NOT DOUBTING OF A PEACE, I must again remember you TO PRESS THE IRISH /or their speedy Assistance to me here, and their Friends w^cotland. T— I DESIRb that THE IRISH would send gs great a Body as they can, to land about Cumberland ; WHICH WILL PUT THOSE NORTHERN COUNTIES IN A BRAVE CONDITION. ' » If tliis were so good a King, Why so much Clamour against King James the Second for designing the same thing I ' ' X. 2 Upon 7S 76 A LETTER TftOM GENERAL LUfeLOW Upon the 14:tk of January he writes thus to the ^iieen : As for (hs Peace rf Ireland,' /o sh'etv thee the Care T have had of it, and the FruHs I hope to receive from if, t have sent thee the last Dispatcher I have sent concerning it. — —FOR GOD S S4KE LET NONE KNOW THE PARTICULARS OF MY DISPAT- CUES. By another Z,ee Lard Convfzy said in pLrL-ament that ke never haled Popery ; whereas, fo'i words were, that he ever hated it : and I have now certain ground to say, that those words w^-e not only conson?.nt to his Speech then vmdein Parliament, but agreeable to the con- Some particulars of stant Tenour of his whole Life, even unto the last Period, His Father zM Mo- his life and character. tker lived and died pious Protestants ; such was his Religious Lady, and such are his Grazed Children at this day. This L'rd Conway was Knighted at the taking oi Cadiz in Spain, in the time of Clueen Elizabeth ; he was afierv/ards, for many Years, Governor of the Brill in Bol- land, where he and his Family lived as became zeahus Prntestaats, and were greatly -beloved and esteemed by the Proiestanf^Magistrates indi Ministers of that Town. He 80 A LETIER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW He was greatly favoured by the never-to-be-forgotten MOST PIOUS PRINCE HENRY. When the Brill and other Cautionary Towns were delivered to the Dutch ; upon his return into England, he was employed to Jersey; to compose some Differences there; which he performed to so much Satisfaction, that the good Protestants'oi that Place always mentioned -him with Honour,, He was then sent Ambassador to Germany, in behalf of the King- and ^i^en of' Bohemia, and was very acceptable to those UNHAPPILY-DESERTED Protes- tant Princes. Upon his return to England the Spanish Match was warmly pressed j against which he spake with so much Reason and Courage, that the Duke of Buck- ingham (who, for particular ends, resolved to ruin that Project) introduced him as a proper Instrument for that purpose to be Principal Secretary of State. In that Station he refused many Gifts tendered to him by particular Persons, and 10,000/. Sterling ofFer'd and pressed upon him by the Spanish Ambassador. In the beginning of King Charles I. Reign, at the opening of one of those Par- f laments, znd according to the Custom then, the Holy Communion being to be re- ceived by bothHouses of Pa>-liament, by the Contrivance of some LAUDEANS, the SACRAMENT was offered to the Lords, in Henry the Seventh's Chafd, NOT IN BREAD, BUT IN WAFERS. This Lord Conway was one of the Lords who refused the Wafers, and caused them to be taken-away, and Bread to be brought. * Not long after King Sharks I. sent for the. Seals of the- Secretary's- Ofit:e from bim; which (as the Lord employed in that Message would often say) the Lord Conway delivered with an admirable Generosity, becoming indeed one that, in that Ministry of State, had served the Publick with extraordinary Ability and Integrity, had "performed many noble OiBces to particular Persons, without Injury to any,and left that Place and some others of great Profit, without one Farthing advantage to the State of his Family. , When he was upon his Death-Bed, a Lady of great Wit, who was turned Papist, and was the Widow of a near Relation of his Lordship, very subtilly and earnest- ly pressed upon him concerning his Religion ; whereupon he strengthened himself, and made full profession of his firm Steadfastness in the Reformed Protestant Reli-^ gion, caused the Servants to convey this Lady out of his House, and commanded them not to suffer any of that Religion to come to him. And now. Doctor, I assure you at parting. That, as fiast as you convince me of any £rrcr, or Mistake, committed in my Scribblings zbout your Martyr, I shall as openly and frankly retract it, as I have now done this, which relates to my Lord Conway. Might I be made so happy as to find a suitable return from you, and that you would give a free and impartial Liberty to the use of your own Reason, I would yet hope, that we might mutually conclude, as I now do. Your Friend in and for Truth, jimttrdam, Jhn. ^o, 1S90. EDMUND LUDLOW. * He that would not make the necessary Advaucet to- Rome, was to be neither Secretary, nor Ministef »fSiai*tQ.KixigC/uirlesl. [ 81 ] A Table of some remarkable Thmgs in this Book. P»ge Kino Charles -I. favouring Popery, and dispensing with tli« LViws, &c. . 3 Kb Bishops cherished Popery, and dis- countenanced ' Gonformaiile ' Orthodox Ministers. - - - 3 Montague, one of bis Chaplains, who endea- voured to reconcile England to Rome, made a Bishop. - - -6 The King's lending Ships to the French to destroy the Protestants of Rochelle. - 7 Ship-Money, Loan, Coat, and Conduct- Money required, and the Refusers im- prisoned and inipress'd to serve at Sea. 8 Archbishop Abbot suspended and confined. Bishop Williams disgraced and impri- soned. - - - - H Sir Randolph Crew, Lord Chief Justice, displac'd. - - - - 11 Tonnage and Poundage levied against Law. 1 3 Earl of Bristol confined. - . 14. Earl of Arundel imprisoned. - - 14 Duke of Buckitigham protected against the Parliament. - - - - 1-5 Members of Parliament imprison'd. - 15 Sir John Elliot's Death in the Tower. - 16 The King's threatning Speeches in Parlia- ment. - - - - - l6 His Speech at the Meeting of the Parlia- ment, Nov. 1640. - - -26 Bishops obtruded upon Scotland against their Laws. - - , - - ^6 Laud framed a Book of Common-Prayer for Scotland, and sent it to be approved by the Pope. - - - • ^7 The Scots protest against it. - -37 King James L took Hie Scottish Covenant in the Year 1580. - - -38 The Scots renewed that Covenant in-the Year 1638. - . - 38 The Scots require to have the Liturgy abo- lished, and to hav« alsJatioual Synod. - 3S - A Synod called, and soon after dissolved by the King ; the Scots protest against the Dissolution, and continue the Synod. - 38 The King resolves tjpon a War against Scotland. - - - ' ^^ AS Page That War called Bellum Episcepak. - -39 The Scots raise an Army, - - 3Q A Pacification concluded ; the King soon after burns it by the Hangman's hands. 39 Scottish Commissioners sent to the King, imprisoned. - - - - sg A Parliament called in April, 1640, and soon after dissolved. - - - 40 Men)bers imprisoned. - - - 40 Clergy and Papists contribute to a second War against Scotland. - - - 40 Sir Nicholas RaintOR, Sir Stephen Soame, and other eminent Citizens^ imprisoned for refusing a Loan. - - 40 Tlie Scots possess themselves of Newcastle and Durham. - - - « - 41 The -Lords at York petition for a Parlia- ment. - - - - -41 Cessation of Arms with the Scots. - 41 Parliament of Nov. l640 summon'd. - 43 Star-Chamber and High-Commission- Courts suppress'd by Act of Parliament 43 PoU-Money granted. - - - 43 Dh Leightori's Censure in the Star-Cham- ber. - - - - - 44 Mr. Pryn's, Dr. Bastwick*s, and Mr. Bur- ton's Censures and horrid -Oppressions by Archbishop Laud. - - -4,6 Those Sentences declared illegal in Parlia- ment. - - - - 48 Ship-Money illegal. . , - 48 Lord Keeper. Finch is -impeached of High. 'I'reason about Ship-Money, and flies. - 49 The many Exorbitances andOpprcssions of the Bishops. - -^ - - - Ag Twelve of them impeach'd-6f Treason, and all removed trora the Lord's House. —49 The Earl of Slraftord impeacb'd and at- tainted of Treason. - - .49 Bills for 'l"rieunialParliaments?RTA;KINiGS. SIR, 1 Must Gcrtifess, that, when the Act- of Parliament InjjDynedithe Clergy to take ai%, Oath of Fidelity to our unquestionably Lawful^ Sovereigns, their Sacred Majefities, King /F/LZ,//fM and Queen MART; mysgl£ and your other fdlow-bovs^lers upon Yarmouth-Gremt were under a Jealousies that you would, by refusal of that Oath, have spoiled the old Proverb, and parted, the honest Man from the good Bowler. But, seeing that the Biass of your Interest wrought your Conscience to Compliarfce in thai point, it hath been an amazement to your Eriendsj that (you, having left us near a Year since, with promise to come-back within a very few weeks,) any such Rub could come in your way, as to stop your return to us,; ancj that we never received any Letter, from you, nor knew how to Jirect to you, till 3?ow ; that yours (which I received thifi day Se'nnight,) tells us, that you have con- stantly lodged at Dr. HollipgwerJh*s, and had been engaged with him in, a business of a Close and Comfortable Importance, of which we should be farther informed by the return of our next Carrier. Now we all remembered that Com^lable,, Import- ance, according to yoyr. Adnlired Dr. Sam. Pi^rker's reiined way of expi^fessing it, meant a Mistress : but, when we do daily see here, your vertupus and well-deserv- ing Wife and hopeful Children, we were utterly at a loss, how to understand you, till the Carrier brought us, this last 'Tuesday^ the Two Bpoks,. Entituled, Dr. HoU' li»gworth*s I)efence of King Charles the First against X^udlow^ and of his.Helymd Di- vine Book against Dr. Walker's rude^ and und,utiful Assaults.. ; to the Compiling whereof, you say you had not a little Contributed. In truth (Sir,) till now, at some times I suspected that you. had repented, (as other frail Clergymen have done before you) of the only good deed you. ever did, — I mean your having Sworh to their Majesties, — and had unsworn your Oath, and were Ca- balling with your endear'd !f riends, the Jacobites ; At other times it ran in my head, that you and the Dr. having been long in most inward Conversatipn with them, you had redintegrated yourselves, and insinuated into those your old Associates, the pre- sent Plotters :— with purpose to search-out, and discover their horrid design against the invaluable Lives of their Majesties, against our Church and Nation. But, your Books have put me out of doubt in the Point; and, as you requested, I have given them a reading, and should have oow presented you, with some Transient Remarks upon then\ 86 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW them both» if, lo my great Content I had not foand that Ludlow, by a Letter to the Dr. (a Copy whereof -was sent to a Friend here) hath, in great part, prevented me. However, I shall make some general Observations upon both these ftimous Tracts, and then speak more pardcukrly to that which rudely iradoces the Memory or the most pious Dr. PFalker, The Arrogance which runs through both these Books is insupportable ; the Author boasting proudly of himself, and vilifying and Censuring others to such a degree^ that nothing is more like it thaftt1i6 Conduct of MountebanfcSiTvho, after a deal of Scaffold- Pageantry to draw an Audience, entertain them by decrying all other medicines, with aPanegyrick tai thea*own Balsam: Ail his Argoing is frivolous smd trivial; and, though he knows, w should know, that the Rhetorick of Barking never moved any man, he writes as though he had ingross'd all the Ammunition of Railing to himself; he appears As serious as a mad-man, and answers demonstration with ihe Lye. It is", «urely, the highest Indecorum for a Divine to write in Such a style as this ; and methinks, if xMir Author had theleastsparfc of vertue unextingUishedj he should, uponconsidering these things, retire to his Closet, and there lament and pine-away for his desperate folly, and for the eternal shame to which he has hereby condemned his own Memory. His Friends should give him good Counsel before his understanding be quite unsettled ; or, if tbfere be none near, the Niei^ibours should be called-in, and a Parsoasent-for, to perswade him in ame, and not let it ruiwsn thus, till he is fit for no place but Bed- lam. Nothing will Ber\Te him but he must be a Mad-man in Print, and write in de- fence of a King, and that at such a rate, that, if the King were alive, he would be out of love with himself; he hath, (like those frightful 'Loofang-Glasses that are made for sport,) represented his Idolized Saint in such bloatedLineaments^ that, I am confident, if he could see his fcice in it, he would break the Glass. But. to -pretermit his defence against Liudlow, 1 descend to make a few Animadversions upon his Treatise against Dr. Walker^ wherein I discern, all along, the footsteps of a most inveterate and im- placable Malice. However, I am obliged to handle it with the more tenderness, •in respect to the venerable Licence th-e Title-page shews in these words, Imprimatur Carol. Alston, R. P. D; Hea. £p/^.Lond. a Sacrii *. In the discharge of my Undertaking,^ I -shall, in the first place, take leave to re- count the heads of some^of those proofs, offer'd by Dr. Wdker-, to demonstrate that Dr. Gaudent, and not "King Charles, was the Author of the-IdoKzed Book, <:all- ed Eicon Basilike. Dr Walker's A ' T^hiis good Man, in his Introduction, saith, that Dr. HolltHgworth did, put hint count of his Reasons ' upon that unwelcome labour, by falsely accusing him of telling a false story, with- for thinking that Dr. • out consulting him,:by word or letter, before he did it; and that he was constrain- thor ofthe^famous * ^^ ^^ unavoidable necessity (unless the Doctor expected that, as a Felo de se, he Book called Eikon ' should, by^ilence, give consent to his unjust Calumnies) to vindicate himself : And »»!L'*!fiT' ^^^u^j"! " he declares his resolution to keep that modest temper, which becomes one who gene.-ally ascribed to , , . , ^ , ^ . ^ ^-.. i r ,». i r,-.7 , King Charles the 1st. designs no personal Quarrel, nor writes tor Victory, but tor Truth : 1 he searchand ' discovery of which needs no Tricks, no little Arts, no big Words ; but is best at- * tained by sedaie proceedings, and plain and open dealing. And he solemnly A^- • Reverendo Patri in Deo, Henrico, Episcopo Londinessi, a Sacris. ' pali TO MR. LUKE MILBOURN. * peals to the Searcher of Hearts, the Avenger of FaUehoo^d^ and Revealer of Secfftt, ' that- he will write nothing, of the Truth of which he is not thoroughly persuaded. ' I. He asserts (page 4?A) that Dr. Gauden, sopie time before the Book was * finished, acquainted him with his design, and shewed him the heads of diverse * Chapters, and some of the . discourses written of tijem, and asked his Opinion ' concerning it ; who told him, he supposed it would be much for the King's Repu- ■ tation. Honour, and Safety,; but added, he stuck at the lawfulness of it, and ' asked him how he satisfied himself so tp impose upon the World ? To which Dr. * Gauden so readily replyed, that he concluded he had thought of it before j laofc ' on the Title, 'tis the Portraiture, &c. and no man draws his own Picture, ' 2. That, some good time after^ Dr^ Walker being with Dr. Gauden in Londpn, *■ he went with him to, Df . Duppa,. ijishop of Salisbury/, and, in the way thith^r:, * Dr. Gauden told him, thaj be was going to the Bishop (whom be had acquainted * with his design) to fetch what hp had left with him to be perused ; or to shew ' him what he had farther written ; that the Bishop had some private Discourse with * Dr. Gauden, who, in their return, told Dr. Walker, that the Bishop said th^re were * two Subjects more, vjjiich he wished he had thought-onj an(| propounded them to *■ him, viz. The Ordinance against the, Common Prayer-Book^ c^r^d the denying hU ^ Majesty the Attendance of his ChiCtplains ; (which are npw the 1 6th' and 24th * Chapters in the Printed Book) and desired Dr. Gauden tq write two Chapter^ ' ^pon them, which he said he promised he would dcij but, before they parted, the < Bishop recalled that request, and said, "pray go you on, to finish what remains, * and leave these two subjects to me; I will prepare two Chapters upon them:" *• which he accordingly did ; as Dr. Gauden ovvned to Dr. Walker, and others whom *- he had made privy to the whole, and never pretende4 tp have written these, as h^ * did to have done all the rest. ' 3, That Dr. Gauden, some time ^fter the King^ w^. Murdered, upon Dr. Walker's asking him, whether the.I^ing h^d ever seen the Book, answered, that he ' did not certainly know y^ but he had U5,ed his bea,t endeavQurs that he mighty for he ' delivered a Copy of it to the Marquess of Hertford, when he went to the Treaty ' a^ the Isle pf Wight, and, entreated him to deliver it to his Majesty, and humbly * desire tp.knpw his pleasyre concerning it ; But the Violence which threatened th© ' King hastening on so fast;, he, ventured to Print it, and never knew w;hat was the ' Issue of sending it ; for, w;hen the thing was done, he judged it not griident ta * make further noise about it by enquiry. •4. Th^t Dr. Walker asked J^r. Gauden, Vfh^ther King. QharJ^s. the Second ' knew that he \?rote it ; he answered, I cannot positively and cert^iily say he doth, * because he was. never pleased to take express notice of it to me.' But I take it foi; * granted he doth ; for 1 am sure the Duke of York doth; for he hath spoken of k < to me, and owned i^ a§ a seasonable and acceptable Ser\rice ; and, he Rowing it, *. I question not but the King also doth. * 5^ That Dr. Gauden' s Wife, some others, and Dr. Walker, believed Jt as much < ^ they could Relieve any thing ; and, when they spake of it in his presence, o? ia §T c 58 A LETTER FItOM GENERAL LUt)LoW * his absence, did it vpithout the least doubt of his having writ it; being as much * assurfed of it, as 'twas possible they could be of any matter of Fact ; And there is * no shadow of Appearance, why he should put so gross a cheat upon them all ; for * 'twas before it was finished, atid a good while before 'twas Printed, they so * believed ; and therefore he had not the Temptation to steal the Applause it met ''* with when made pubiick. ' 6. That Dr. Gauden delivered to Dr. fValker, with his own hand, what was * last sent-up, (after Part was Printed, or at least in Mr, Royston's hands to be * Printed) and, after he had shew'd it him, and Seal'd it up, gave him strict Cautioa ' with what Wariness to carry and deliver it: and, according to his direction, he deli- '^ vered it.,Saturday '23d of Becember, 1^48, in the Evening, to one Peacock, who * was instructed by what hands he should transmit it to Mr. Royston , and in the * same method a. few days after, the Impression was finished, and Dr. Wklker ' received six Books, by the hand of Peacock, as an acknowledgment of the little * he had Contr&uted to that Service ; one of which he affirmed he had still by him, '- at the time of his writing this AccSunt. To these rfeasorls Tir. Walker adds (page 7) that ' he meets with expressions in * the devotional part, very frequently used by Dr. Gauden in his Prayers (for he * used Conceived Prayer both in his Family jmd in Pubiick) which he never heard * from any other man. Now, Sir^ you are nbt to take these things, which I have transcrib'd, to be the Sum total of what Dr. WalheroS&rs in order to' evince, that Dr. "Gauden was the Author of \he Book we are talking of;' he lays-down many other Arguments of mighty weight in the point ; to vdiich I must refer y6u, and shall only conclude his modest Account of this matter, iri these Words : * These are the Reasons why 1 believe, as I do, the * Affirmative part of the Question, that Dr. Gaudera was the Author; and, aslbe- ' lieve, so J have also spoken. And, if any Man can produce stronger Reasons for * the Negative part^ 1 do not' say only that I wtll, but that I must, believe that con- * trary part : for no' Man "7i)ho Considers, or more than on any Man, for the conduct of his Conscience, as appeared by his * singling him out, to be with him in his preparations for Death. And why must ♦■ Bishop Juxon desire another Man to do that Work, for which ( had there been * any such Work to be done) he was the fittest Man alive, for Fidelity, for Ability, ' for Inclination to his Master's Service, and for vacancy and leisure ? Let's see now what Answers their Majesties Chaplain at Aldgate makes to these plain Questions ; for we find him vaunting, (page 22.) That he hath made-out Matter of Fact against Dr.VfdXksr's Assertions , in his vain, shiiffling, proud and inconsistent Book. Why, all that the Aldgate Doctor saith hereunto is, {page 9.) ' He (Dr. Walker) questions Sir /oAra's Memory, and talks of his Youth, to inva- ' lidate the Story ; but that is so great an Affront to all the young Gentlemen and * Apprentices m London, who, at the Age of Nineteen, are so very much employed * and trusted in their Master s Books and Accounts, that I leave them to vindicate. * Sir John, upon the score of helping his Father in a thing of such a Nature as < this ivas, at such an Age. What ridiculous Stuff is this ! 'Tis such an inexcusable Affront to the London Apprentices, to say. That, though they understand their Masters Account-Books, they have not, at Nineteen, the necessary qualifications of States-men and "Divines, that they must be instigated to draw-up an Abhorrence against it ; and it may be t^is Doctor, who would coax them to fall upon Dr. Walker as their common !pnemy, designs them a Venison Feast this Season; but (should he do it) I advise ' " N 2 youj 9$ A LETTER FRDM GENERAL LUDLOW you, as his Friend, to caution him to appoint it at some other place than Merchant' Taylors Hall, in regard Dr. Meriton lives opposite to it ; and it may be some dittrinution to his Credit, if that Reverend Divine should take the opportunity to cross the Street, and tell him, in the midst of his Jollity with the Lads, that he hath ; twice belied him in his malicious Scribblings against Dr. Walker. The Jldgate Doctor (pag. 9>,) dismisses Sir John Brattle, saying, And this is nil J have to say as to John Brattle ; and that he told me this, I will depo^ tipon Oath, whenever I am lawfully RECALLED. I have heard of' 'Re-ordaihing, Recanting, 'and Re-recanting; and it is m6¥e than probable, that" fhis Learned Gentleman understands the meaning of these words ; but His beyond my Capacity to make sense of Recalling in this place, and he will oblige me in telling me kas meaning therein-^ And to requite the Courtesy, you may tellthim> that I will produce good Evidence upon Oath, v/hen' R E^nired, ' (there's a Re for his Re) that Sir John Brattle, (who,- 1 agree, is a very worthy 'Per- son,) doth declare. That he never told'^Dr; Hollingwwth, or any other Person, that the Papers^»he 'spoke of tvere 'Writ with the .King's own Hand. Their Majesty's Chaplain may not take it ill, or think that his Verabity is called into Question, by enqufeing-of Sir John about this Matter : for we had his leave to do it, when he asserted the thing, and said, 'sThanks be to Gad, Sir John is yet alivCf and is ready to give the same Account to any Man that asks him. The Aldgate Doctor affirms, [pag. 10.) ' That the Reverend Dr. Meriton^ * dining in the latter end of the last Year with the Lord-Mayor, Sir Thomas Pilking- ^ ton, happ^ied t© meet with Dr. Walker at the same Table ; where Dr. Walker^ * was pleased, luitk'his •usual confidence, to assert Dr. Gauden to be the Author of th^ * King's Book: Upon*which Dr. Meriton, turned upon hmiwAh> the Story of'Mr: '^ Simmond's commanicating the whole thing to Dr. Gauden^ upon which he was *;so confounded, that he had nothing to say for himself . ■ And, though, if none but * Dr. Meriton himself had -declared to me (quoth he) the Issue of their Debate, ^ it would have satisfied me : yet the further seuasfaction I had from my worthy ^ Yriend Mr. Marriott (then Chaplain to the L6rd»Mayor, • and Minister 'c^Tihe * Parish Church in Rood-Lane,) who stood-by and heard the whole Discourse, and ' vrithal the silence he put Dri^Walher to ; (which he professed to mfyself,) gave me ■* so full a satisfaction, that, upon that account, i ventured to give the World an "* Account of it in print. Now it had been much better either to have let this- Story quite alone, or to 'have given '~a twie Relation of it : but our Author trusts to'-^alshoods more than to the Truth of the Cause. ' He saith in his Preface, If any Man questietisthe Truth of these Living Evidentes 1 'have quoted, if he pleases to 'Come to r-:e, 1 will wait upon them, and he shall have satisfaction from themselves of the truth of what 1 have Jwrit. I should tell him now, (if I did not know him,) that he might be ashamed •hip's Chaplain, with a vain imagination that it serves the Cause ; I will tale the liberty to say. That a Friend of- mine, without consulting either the Vicar- of /^2f^tf»?, or the Vicar of Gotham, found, that Mrs. Simmonds lived with Mr. Span in Creed lane, near- Black-Fryers jand he assures me, that upon discourse with ber^ she appeared to be a verj discreet and good Woman, (as ^n earnest I am assured her Reverend Husband was)^iand did acknowledge that Dr. Hdlingwcrth had been with her 5 which, without further examination of the above- •mentioned Story, (it deserving no remark) I will allow to justify the -Doctor ^berein. But ( quoth he^ pag^ \\.) she told me, her Husband nevev-joyed himself after tk 94; A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW the King's Murther, but fell sick and died the 29th of March following. So she toId« my Friendj but with this difference (as the Doctor knows, but he seems resolved never to tell the Truth, the whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth) that his Sickness whereof he died was the Small-Pox. The Doctor's next living Witness is your honest Name-sake Mr. Milbourn, the Printer ; he told the AldgaXe Chaplain, (if a Man may take his word) ' That in 1 648, ' he was Apprentice to Mr. Grisman, a Printer ;.. at which time Mr. Siwmonds, oy ' Mr. Royston, sent the King's Book to be Printed, and that his Master did Print ' it : and that Mr. Simmonds alwaies had the name of sending it to the Press, and ' that it came to them as from the King. Now, though it seems as improbable that a Printer's Apprentice should know the Author of a Book which comes to his Master, through several Hands (as 'tis in. this Relation) to be Printed with the greatest privacy, as that those London Appren- tices who understand the keeping their Masters' Accompts, are therefore capable of being Ministers of State : Yet I will not contend this matter with Mr. Mtlhurtti but be it as he saies. In the next place (pag. \3.) I find a Certificate under the Hand of Mr. Clifford, who assisted Mr. Milhourn in Composing and Correcting the Book ; which backs, his Story, with this Addition, that ' great part of the Book was seized in Mr. &im^ ' mond's Lodgings; and he, though in a Shepherd's Habit, was so far discovered, ' as that he was pursued into Great Carter-Lane, by the Rebels ; where he took *^ Refuge, ^Vidi the bloody Villains fired tJ^o Pistols at him, which frightened him up. ' Stairs, and out of the Garret-window he made his escape ever the Houses. And he ' further saith. That he never heard, nay, that he is sure Dr. Gauden never was ' concerned in that Book, by which Mr. Millrourn and himself printed it. This Certificate, I find. Sir, is attested by yourself and Margaret Hollingworth .• And one of your and my Neighbours, was inquisitive, upon the reading it, to, know whether this Jewel, for so they say Margaret is in the Greek, be the Doc- tor's Wife or Daughter ? But I could not resolve It. Now had Dr. Walker been alive, and had Clifford made Oath of what he here asserts, I know not but he might have been indicted for Perjury, for saying ; That he is sure Dr. Gauden was never concerned in the Book, And then Dr. Hollingworth, who confesses that he procured and penned this Certificate, might have been in some danger of an Indictment for Subornation. But, pray, let us compare the Relation of Mr. Clifford with that of good Mrs., Simmonds; She saith, ' That she lodged with her TAwshsadi in Carter-Lane ; and ' that, their Lodgings being discovered, a Souldier shot a. Pistel to mark the Door, '-- (the very Expression used by Dr. Walker in his Relation of the Story, patg. SO ) * but she and her Husband were at that time at Dinner with a Major of the King's, ■ at one Mr. Chibar's, a Minister about Old Fish-street ; and had notice brought ' thither, that Souldiers had been at their Lodgings ; whereupon her Husband * went-away, bidding her go home : And the Souldiers coming soon after to Mr^ * Cbibar's his House, the Major made his escape at a Garret-Window, before the ' Door TO MR. LUKE MILBOURN. 95 ' Door of the House ^yas unlock'd. And she further told my Friend, That till he ' read it to her out of Dr. HJlingworih's Book, She never heard of her Husband's ' f^^S ^^ ^ Shepherd's Ealit. But when this Matter comes to be scrutiniz'd, I * foresee that our Doctor will affirm. That by a Shepherd's Habit, he only meant ■ a G "wn and Cassock. The next material thing which occurs is, (pag. \*1.) If he (the Essex Doctor) 'had writ twhingbut Iri^th, a Nut-shell would have held it all. There are more Brains in a Walnut^ than in the Jldgate Doctor's dry Skull, and their Shells are alike thin and brittle ; he is equally a Stranger to Wit and Manners ; but a quart Pot will scarce contain the Falshoods which he hath writ. Fage 1 9. Our Author inserts the Transcripts of two Letters from one iom. Long of Exeter, as he affirms ; which say, That Dr. JGauden told him, that he was fully convinc'd that the Eicon Basilice was entirely the King's Work. This famous Story, I observe, is esteemed by their Majesties Aldgate Chaplain, as a stabbing Evidence ; for before he came at it, we were threatened with it all along in his Book : Pfgs 6. he said. By and by I will prove^ under the Hand of a more credible Man than ever Dr. Walker was, that Dr. Gauden had another Opinion of the Author of the Book. Page 1*1. We have the same thing over again in these - words ; / say, and will prove it by a better Evidence than Dr. Walker can be sup- posed to be, that Dr. Gauden, after he was Bishop of Exeter, did justify it to be the King's Book. Page 1 8, this celebrated Witness is produced ; and our Doctor tells us, 'Tis Mr. Long, Prebendary, as he takes it, of Exeter. AndL,page 20, he thus charac- terizes him: / must tell the Reader, that he is an ancient, grave. Reverend Divine, well known for his Truth and Honesty ; one, who as he is a professed Member of the Church o/England, so he hath always been true to the Doctrine and Discipline of it, in his Preaching and Practice ; and not like my Adversary, who I know (for Lwas personally acquainted with him) was an Encourager of, and Comrade, principally, with, those who had no kindness for the Church at all. I must, with your leave, Sir, a little remark upon this most extraordinary and remarkable Man. Dr. Hollingworth is, no doubt, sure of the truth of what he says ; we are bound to believe him, though he is not at a certainty what this Long is ; for he tells us, that he is Prebendary of Exeter, as he t,.kes it. He bath alwaies been true to the Doctrine and Discipline cf the Church of England. That's indeed something, and makes the Prebendary a much more valuable Man than our Chaplain; for he, once-upon-a-time declared, that he. thanked God, he had vomited- up all his Cahinistical Principles. Whereupon a Person of true Worth, and of high Desert, replied thus to hiraj. Then the Doctrine of the Church o/ England, and St. Paul'j Epistles, have spewedyou out for an Apostate; and ^o farewell toyoufor a Knave. But I may not let the Prebendary thus slide out of my hands : I have found there's something more than ordinary in the Man, which recommends him to the Doctor's Favour, and I will not withhold it from you. There's a kind of Sym- pathy in the natures of these two mighty Churchmen ; our Doctor proposed, page 60, of his second Defence, That every Parish of. .England should buy the famous Eicon 96 A LETTER-FROM GENERAL LVDLOW Eicon Basilice (with the other Works of King Charles) and chain it up, to inform the Minds of all good Men : and the Prebendary hath a Crotchet of reading some For-. tims out of it, in the Church, for the farther enlightening our Understandings. Be- hold how they piss in a Quill; and for aught T know, the next proposal from these Men may be, to read the Arcadian Prayer in the same Book, for the furthering of our Devotion. I proceed to give you something more of Long's just Character, and leave it to you to judge how much you find of Hotlingworik therein. He hath an aking Tooth at Lectures and Sermons toa ; and a mighty- Spleen at Free-Prayer ; he would have all the publick Mhiistrations to consist in reading Liturgies and Ho- milies. But his virulent Book^ called Fox Cleri, or the Sense of the Clergy, con- cerning the mahing- of Alterations in the established Liturgy i published in the Year 1 690, doth most truly speak the Man's Principles, and discover what sort of Men, are, in our Doctor's esteem, the true Church-of-England-Men ; and upon that score he terms the pious Dr. Walker an Adversary to the Church. This Book is a Libel upon that great and excellent Person, his Grace my Lord Archbishop of Canterbury that now is, and several others of the highly-deserv- ing Bishops and Clergy of the Church of England, who were found inclinable to the much-long'd-for Unitm of Protestants in the late Convocation. He glories that the Clergy opposed and overthrew a Bill for Comprehension, contrived by Bishop Wilkins, Sir Orlando- Bridgman, and Judge Hales ;- because they thought a Faction luithin the Church would prove more hurtful than a Schism without it, &c. He rejoices that Dr. /one was chosen Prolocutor of the Convoca- tion, in opposition to Dr. TiUvtson, and says,, that 'tis look'd-upon as a good Omen of success, in their Proceedings for the good of the Church ; and through- out the whole Book he puts an high value npon Dr. Jane for opposing any alter- ation in the Liturgy or GeremcMiies, with a Nolumus Leges- Anglia mutarej and at the same time casts leering Reflections upon the Friends of Union and Peace, under the name of Latiiudinarians. He oft extcds and magnifies the Non-swearing- Bishops, and calls their deserved Deprivaiion-ior their Obstinacy, a dealing with, them as the Bishops -were dealt- with in 1 642, by the Scottish and I>issenters Malice. He expressly declares himself against parting with any thing for the Dis- senters satisfaction' j and perswades to the inforcing them to Uniformity by strict Discipline. But I may not dwell upon his envenom'd Invective ; in short both Hollingworth and Long appear to he- Fiery Zealots, Vio.'ent Bigots, who stand at an irreconcilable distance with dissenting Protestants, and will run both out of the- Church and their Wits toOy if the Parliament should think fit tQ-let the Dissen- ters in,^ upon an honourable Accommodation of our Differences. And 'twould, be strange indeed, if a Man of Dr. Walker's healing Spirit, should have any Credit with such Men as these ; but 'tis his Honour to be traduced by them. But now he falls with a Witness upon poor Dr. Walker, saying, (page 22.J L have a Commission from theprestnt Bishop o/^ Gloucester, Dr. Fowler, to present thg. TO MR; LUKE MILBOURN. 97 the world with this Narrative attested by himself; which has a great deal in it, considering the former Testimonies. The former Testimonies, indeed, considered (which have nothing in them- but Falshood, and empty or angry Words) 1 must allow that there is something in this, though not to the Doctor's Purpose : We have here a Certificate attested by my Lord Bishop of Gloucester^ which fills almost three Page^, with most undoubted Truth; and this must be esteemed something ; and 'tis a rare thing too ; for ( this relation excepted ) a Man may aver that there is, scarce a Paragraph in, their Majesties ' Chaplain's seven-and-twenty Pages without a Falshood. It behoves then tha,t we look into this narrative : The sum of it is this : ' About 28 years since Mrs. Keighly, a very Religious and Pious Gentlewoman, * told Dr. Fowler, that a Captain, of .the Parliament- Army told her^ that, being ' appointed to stand every Morning at his Majesty's Bed-Chamber Door, when '' he was a Prisoner in the Isle of Tfight, he- observed, for several daySj that he ' went into his Closet, and staid there a considerable time, and then went into thq ' Garden : And the Captain perceiving that he still left the Key in the Closet- Door, he * went in, and found that the King had been pennipg most Devout and Pious ' Meditations and Prayers, which the Captain read for several Mornings tpgethen ' And Mrs. Keighli/ saidi That he gave such an Account of these Meditations and * Prayers, that she was confident they were printed in, Eicon Basilice, after §he '■ came to read the same.' And I am very inclinable to be of good Mrs. Keighly's Mind ;^ apd yet this Re- fation doth more serve Dr. H^alher than Dr. Hollingworth. It must be remem- bered that the JE'j^e^-Doctor asserts that Dr. Gauden se:nt a Copy of the Book by the Marquess of Hisrtfbrd, to the King, when a Prisjoner in the Isle of Wight, and that he believes it was corrected by his Majesty. The design of the Book was, ad Capiandum Populum ; and this King was no fool, I assure you : He spent some time every Morning in perusing, and making such Aherations and Emenda-, tions as he thought fit in the Papers, and then took his walk, leaving the Key in his Closet-Door, and the Devout Papers upon the Table, as a Bait to catch the Cap- tain ; for though, as the Aldgate Chaplain most wittily expressed himself, Sonie Birds are not to be catch'd with Chaff, yet some may : And so \ thipk the Mys- tery is unriddled. And now, that I may take a full revenge upon the Doctor, I fall upon him with the But-end of anonher Bishop; 'tis Dr. Nicholson, who was Bishop of Gloucester. at the time when the Widow of Dr. Gauden, after her Husband's Death, resided in that City : This Bishop, understanding that Mrs. Qauden did declare that her Husband wrote the King's Book, and desiring to be fully satisfied in that Point, did put the Question to her, upon her receiving the Sacrament; and she then affirmed, that it was wrote by her husband. For the Truth of this I can appeal to Persons of undoubted Credit now living in Gloucester : and I am under no doybt but my Lord Bishop of Gloucester, that now is, will acknowledge that thosp Per- sons have related this Matter to him, as I have now told it. And I do as certainly kuow that there is a Person of Quality and clear Reputation, who was Mrs. o. Gauden's 9>6 A LETTER FROM GENERAL' tubLOW ' Gauden's Bpdthef, now living; tbaf "*ill afErm that his "Sister did constantly, in hef Conversation with him, declare that her Husband was the Author of that Book : And the same thing is well knowri to several of her Relations now in being. I shall now hasten to an en6, when I have related a Story which agrees with the Earl of Anglesey's Memorandum, and with Dr. Gauden^s telling Dr. Walker^ (as he assertsj that the Duke of York knew that he vfras the Author of that Book, and oWh'd it as a seasoilable and acceptable Service. There is now in being a Person of Quality, in whose hearing the late King James was highly commending the excellent Language of the present Bishop of Rochester ^^od\s., called. The Rye- House Conspiracy. Whereupon this Pierson took occassion to say. That his Majesties Father's Book was wrote in an excellent stile. To which the King replied, My Father did not write that Bbok ;• it was wnte hy Bishop Gauden. 'Tis very in- decent to publish Names without Permission j but I will adventure to say, that the Person I mean, either is at present, or lately was, one of the Lords Commissioners of '-the Adrmrdliy. ' •' I observe that Dr. Mollingworfh never wiites'a^atriphlet'withcrut a Postscript : in that against Dr. Waiker he tells'an idle St6ry, 'That Mrs. ^intmonds acquainted * him, that [Mrs. Gauden~\h&.tig at Dinner, \so?we Hears since, at aCitizen's House, he^ * (like one af theFaction,and greedy to lessen Monarchy by aspersing* King GAar/ar,) * told her, if she would confess the Truth, that her Husband made the Book call- * ed the 'King's, thdite were some hundreds of Pounds at her s6rvice: which she * scorned, and' told him, She was not tale bribed by never-so-much to \telf\ so great ' a Lie.' 'Twould be a very seasonable arid good Work, to set sojtne body to bribe this pre- varicating and forging. Doctor to speak Truth. For Mrs. Simmonds, who is a con- scientious Woman, denies that she told the Doctor that any Body attempted to bribe her [Mrs* GaudenJ to a Lie, or said to her that there%ere some hundred Pounds, or any Sum ax her Service ; but she declares she told him, That, quickly after theKing's Murder, one Mr. Robinson, who lived about Thr&adneedte-street, invited' her [Mrs. Gaude7i\ to i3inner,aiid* talked with her about her Husband's writing theKing's Book, and said, it might be some hundred Pbunds in her way, if she would acknowledge theTruth ; and that, if she would not, 'she might come into great trouble j and she saith that she never saw him-after. And now, after all this wrangling ; for Peace sake, and half-a-Crown to be spent at the Pye-Tavern at'Aldgate^l will (so far as lam interested in the Matter) give that diminutive and inconsiderable thing, the Aldgate Chaplain, his saying : The Book was, without further debate about it, wrote by-King Charles, and he Lies that gain-says it. Bik'then I must be allowed to observe, that it begins with-Falshood, and ends'with Fraud : So that as Dr. Hollingworth told him, {Ist Defence, p. 37.) Jf the ^sseK^Doctor had any value for the memory of his deceased Friend Dr. ' Gauden, he ivould certainly have forborn telling it in all places, with a more than usual Confidence, that Z)ri Gauden was the'Ailthor of it ; for he was a learned and f. grave Divine, and would scorn to gull the Multitude by setting-off a deformed Cause TOMRj LUKE MILBOURN. $0. Cause with counterfeit Colours ; by cloaking detestable Tyranny, with tlie .re- splendent Beauty of blessed Piety. The King begins his Book, saying, That he called his last Phrliament, not more hy others Advice, and the Necessity ofhisAffhirSi than by his own Choice and Incli- nation. This is to all knowing Men so apparently not true, that a more unlucky Sentence hardly could have come into his Mind. He never lov'd, never fulfilled,' never promoted the true End of Parliaments : But having first tried, in vain, all undue Ways to procure Money ; his Army beaten by the Scots, the Lords .Peti- tioning, and the general Voice of the People, almost hissing him and his ill-acted j. „ Regality off the Stage, compelled at length, both by his own Wants and Fears, upon meer Extremity he summon'd this last Parliament. And as to what we find in the end of this Book, hi^ Prayer in the time of Capti- vity, Who, would have imagined so little fear in liim of the All-seeing Deity; so little care of Truth in his Words, or Honour to himself or to his Friends, or sense of his Affliction?, as immediately before his Death to pop into the Hands of that grave Bisliop, Dr. Jj^aro/Zi.who ^tepded him, as a special Relick of his Saint- like Exercises, a Prayer stolen, word for word, from the Mouth of a Heathen Wo- man praying to a Heathen God, and that not in a serious, but a vain,Araatorioufej Book, Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia ; a Book, how full so ever of Wit, not worthy to be named among Religious Thoughts and Duties : ^J^Tot to be read.at any time with- out good Caution, much less in tiine of Trouble and Affliction to be a Christian'is Prayer-Book. 'Tis worthy of remark, that he who had acted over us so Tragically, should leave the World at last with such a ridiculous Eseit, as to bequeath, among his deifying Friends, such a piece of Mocker^ to be published by them, as must needs cover both his and their Heads with shame and confijMon. And, siire, it was the Hand of God tfeat let them fall, and be taken in such a foolish Trap, as hath exposed theifn to all Derision ; if for nothing else, to tbrpw Contempt and Dis- grace, in the eight of all Men, upon this bis idolized Bpok, and the whole Rosary of his Prayers. To conclude, if any Man censures me fiw using too much tartness in any of my Expressions ; let him take notice, that Dr, tValher told your Doctor, {page 9. ) That good Nature and good Manners might h overcome wUh too mugh ill Usag^, to cause him to h^ ansvierad <{& he wouli nqt, if he (ipcusei as he should not. I am, yours, XarmouthfJuM lOflQ9^, JOS. WPvSON. Jnmnk P^itafscem4(fluni eft, ^ e^d^ f)9Qtmhm G&lip pod Immm esh J.UDL0W 100 LUDLOW NO LIAR, &c. IN A LETTER TO Dtt. HO LLING Pf^O RTH. JL IS cbmmonj 5/>, to such despicable and malicious Brawlers as 'you are, to rail at those things most, that are most praise- worthy : I should therefore esteem it scandalous to the Glorious Cause, and Noble Performances of the most worthy Parliament of November 1640, (which I have endeavoured to vindicate,) to be com- mended, and account it a praise to be evil-spoken-6f, by you : and it would pro- voke a Man to laughter to behold you betaking yourself to Slanders and Calum- mes, to see nothing but dirt and filth issuing from your mouth, when you find your Arguments willlittle avail. I should not give myself the trouble to animadvert upon your 'Follies and Frenzies, but that I hear yo*r«re swollen with Pride and Conceit to an incredible degree. I shall therefore^shew, that,'>with a great deal of toil, you have done just notidng at all} and that you are fallen under -a most prodigious degree of Stupidity and Madness, to take so much pains to make your Folly visible to the World, which till now, you," in some measure, have concealed ; to be so industrious to heap disgj'ace upon ydurself. What offence does Heaven punish you for, in making you undertake the Defence of so forlorn and desperate a Cause as that of King Charles the First, and that with so much confidence and indiscretion ; and, instead of defending it, to betray it by your ignorance? It was as truly as ingeniously observed by the Learned Bishop Burnet^ in his Sermon before the House of Commons, January 31st, 1688-89 : ' That, if one were * to make a Panegyrick on Tyranny, he ought to turn-over all the common Places * of Wit, all the Stores of Invention, -and the liveliest figures with which his * fancy LETTER TO DR. HOLUNGWORTH. 101 '-fancy would furnish him, to make so odious a thing look but tolerably ; and, by * sacrificing truth to interest, and varnishing it over with Wit and Eloquence, he * might shew how gracefully he could plead a very ill Cause.* And 'tis certain that most Writers use some endeavour to carry-on their discourses by a Stream of Sense and Reason : but you, Sir, have done it by a Course of Reviling and Railing ; and it may be truly said. That, if the dirty and ^inher-like Names, the scurrilous and foul-mouth' d Expressions, the spiteful and false Accusations, (I gather these Expressions from your book) were taken out of your Pamphletj it would appear but a poor and shrunken thing, unpleasing to yourself when you look upon it, arid of small power to work upon others that read.it, You seem rather to bawl arid hoot-at, than- to answer,- my Letter ; and your'Book is. the best' Common-Place for'g/V^'w^j^a/i? that' r have lately seen: "But it is well known, that a Mountebank can neither ciraw, nor keep, a Croud about his Stage, wifhout the lielp of a witty, orfcul-mouth'd. Buffoon. And the gay Fancy, the cutting Sarcasms, wherewith your Tract is a'11-bespatter'd, do adorn and render it highly entertaining to some Per- sons. And I must confess, that I find some subtilty in your first setting-out. For you begin cunningly, and, like an old Cavalier,^ you place the Right Reverend and Pious Bishop Kidder, in the front of the Battle, just as King Charles the First did the Roundheads, whom he had taken Prisoners at the Battle oiEdgehill; these (as we find the Relation in Husband's Exact Collections, page 758.) he set pinioned in the front of his Men, when he engaged the Parliament-Forces at Braintford, to be a Breast-work to receive the Bullets that came from the Brownists and Andiap- tists, (of such the King affirmed the Parliament- Army to consist) that the Cava- liers might escape them. However, the good, Bishop, I plainly foresee, will come- off, as every of them did ; he may be shot through the Cloaths, but no way hurt. Y ox your Quotations out of the Sermons of this. good Man, and of that great and well-studied Divine, Dr. Sherlock, do only endeavour to aggravate the Iniquity of this Martyr's Murder J whereas there Is not one syllable in either of my Letters retatiiig to it. I only endeavoured to evince. That the'Kingintended .to bow. or break us, to persuade or force us to Slavery; .and .that .the Parliament, when ^e was en- flamed to take Arms against them, and to put all into .a common Combustion, did, in one hand,, present their humble Supplications, most earnestly begging to enjoy the English Liberties in Peace 4 and held in the other hand, the Sword of just and innocent Defence, against the Oppression and Violence of the .'Enemies of the King's true Honour, and of the Kingdom's 'Peace. And I am yet to learn, that, by any law of God or Nations, this could be judged to be 'Rebellion : And I cannot see but Dr. ^'herlock is of my opinion}, for in his, Sermon upon this last 30th o{ .January, 1691, page 6,' he saith, ' He shall not dispute the lawfulness ' of resisting the King's Authority ; whether it. were lawful for the Parliament to * take Arms against the King, to defend the Laws and Liberties of their Country. * He supposes, that, in a limited Monarchy, the Estates of the Realm have Autho- *-rity to maintain the Laws and Liberties of their Country, against the illegal ■ ^ Jjicroachments and Usurpations of their King.' Now I go no greater length. 102 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LtJDLOW and 1 think thFs comes-up to the great Lord RusseFs Position, which you had in my Letter, page 20: ' That a free Nation, like this, may defend their Religion- ' and Liberties, when invaded and taken from them, though under pretence and * colour of Law.' Your next step, Sir, is, (page G') to my Quotation.out of a Sermon of Bishop Burnet's, Jan. 30th, 1 680, which you say you will transcribe, to let the World see what er, rendered famous to all succeeding Ages, by our late, repeated, happy and miraculous Deliverance from Popery, and its inseparable Companion, Tyranny: — Seeing we behold our thrice-happy 80th ef y^^n/and 4th oi November, the Birth-Days of those matchless Princes, our most deservedly admired and be- loved Soveraigns, Kmg William and ^em Mary, oUt-shinivg and darkening even the 29th of May ; 1 would hope, that I may live to see the time, when his Lordship will make a Motion in Parliament, for the annulling the Law which enjoins the Observation of the SOth of January ; and that, I am sure, would be highly accep- table to the sincere Lovers of T uth and Peace. But, I already see an Objection against it.; You (Doctor) say, Pag. 2. An Act of State has flppinted this Day to be FOR EVER observed, to hewail the Sin of the Mvrder of the' King. However, I am^ure, my Ldrd Bishop of Salisbury doth well remember, that in Times by- past, other Days have been appointed to be observed by Acts of Stale, upon such like Occasions ; and one in particular, to declaim against Gowry'B detestable ^^Cunspiraty, which is now forgot: His Lordship also know_s, that in ISIu.hb. '2 1 . when, for the People's speaking against God and Moses, the Lord sent Fiery Serpents, which destroyed many of them;. Upon their Confession of their Sin, Moses, at their Entreaty, prayed for them ; and (as it is in the Sth and 9th Verses) The Lord said unto ^ oses. Moke thee a fiery Serpsnt, and, set if. upon a Pole ; and it shall comt to puss^ that .very one that is bitten, when he looketb upon it, shall live: And Moses made a Serpent of Frass, and put it upon a Pole ; and it came to pass, that, if a Serpent had hi f ten any Man, -when he beheld the Serpent of Brass, he lived. You see. Sir, this was Cud's own InstituHon ; and that, 1 hope, was at least as good as yeur Act of State. Let us see now what became of this brazen Serpent-, 2 Kings 1 8. The. good King Hezekiah, (and there -were very few good ones in JOS lOi A LE'Tl'ER PROM GENERAL LUDLOW m those days) who did that which was right in the Sight of the Lord, broke in pieces the brazen Serpent that Moses had made \_for unto those days the Children 0/ Israel did burn Incense to iVj ^^'^ ^^ called it, Nehushtan. And that God highly approved this Act of this glorious Reformer, is evident from the very next Verse, which ' records, that after him was none like him among all the Kings of Judah, nor any that were hefore him. And now. Sir, to dismiss this Black-Day ; allow me to observe, that there is not one Syllable in either of ray Letters, reflecting on the jict of State, which ordained the Observation of the Soth of January; but I term it a Madding-Dar, because our Parasitical Court-Priests would not keep the Peace, but on that Day did set the Nation on Madding, by infusing Principles of Slavery into her Free-horn People. (Page 1.) You pick a Quarrel with me about my Epistle Dedicatory, and' up- braid me for courting rhe Pdpulace, and Dedicating to the sincere Lovers of Oid- England, in AXApiie-Parish ; and say, Sure the King and ^een, or else the Lords of the Council, might have been made the Patrons of a Work that pretends to what Ludlow'j doth. But, whatever you think, of yourself, or the Worldof you, me- thinks 'twas something sawcy, even in you, to prehx their Majesties Sacred Names to so silly a Book, as was your first Defence ; and 'tis as arrogant, to entitle, the Most Reverend and Right'Rtverend the Arch-Bishops and Bishops, the Nobility, Gentry, &c.- to this Second ; and to begin-, as if you were seated on the Throne, MT LORDS and GENTLEMEN. Atid it seems most impudent, to tell them, that tipon the Reputation or Dishonour of Xing Charles the First, and th& Principles which maintain theone, or those that propagate theother (as much as if you' had said, upm my Scrib- lings) depend the Being and Well-being- of our present Church and State ; and conse- quently the Life and Preservation of our present King; and Queen. But, whatever you may do,',tis not for the mean Shrubs of the Laiety, to soar so high as you presume j and I took mine to be a modest and inoffensive Dedication, ^nd do yet think it ought to be esteemed such, though you snarl, and, in your gay and angry Humourj make Distinctions, if not a Schism, and that in your own Parish ; and very pro- digally throw-out to Ludlow, a good number of Beniefactors, because they do not believe that they were the only good Men, who took part with the King against the- Parliament ; who, you say, only Jid their Duties in standing by their Prince, according to the Laws of the Land, and the Oaths they had taken. Now, if this be not an inconsiderate and weak Way of arguing, why did not you and your Bre- thren do youT Duty ; and (as the Jacobites query) stand by King James, to whom you were sworn? And, as to your Old Englishmen, whom you cull-out and set-by for yourself, under the Notion of Lovers of the Government, by King, Lords, and Commons ; I doubt not but there are of your Actjuaintance, a great many Pre- tenders thereto ; and yet, if a Man' could stand behind the Hangings, at your Ciub at the Pye Tavern, he rfiight hear Rxany of 'em. kick at the .Healtha of Kiag Wiliam and Queen Mary ; and yet be the first who will propose and urge the drink- ing the King's Health : which, every Boy understands, is, in their meaning, King James's^ TO DR.HOLLINGWORTH. 105 To proceed, Page 9, you tell me, that I he^in my Epistle with a prophane piece of Wit ; namely, THE CHURCH, THE CLERGr-, but that the best of it is but bor- rowed. Now, I hope, we of the Laiety, may, without committing the Sin of Sacrilege, borrow and lend this Commodity amongst ourselves j and, were all Clergy-Men as dull as yourself. Doctor, 'twould be as great a Sin to borrow of them, as to rob a Spittle. The piece of Wit. which you here term prophane, was only a seasonable Exhortation to you, to shew a little regard to Sense, Truth and Christianity, in your futui^e writings ; and this your last Book demonstrates, that of all the Scribblers of the Age, you ought most to have attended to this Caution. But, this was prophane Wit: ay, no doubt of it; there's no Salvation ; can there he any Wit,_ out of the Church? Wit is ever prophaned, say these Borderers upon it, if any Man touches it but themselves. Hawever, I will adventure to borrow again, from my Old Lay Friend, the most ingenious M.r. Andrew MarvHl. " Albeit (saith he) Wit be not *-^ inconsistent and incompatible with a Clergy- Man ; yet, neither is it inseparable " from them: So that it is of concernment to my Lords the Bishops, henceforward " to repress, those of 'em who have no, Wit, from Writing; and to take care that " even those that have it, do husband it better, as not knowing to what Exigency '' they may be reduced." You say, Pag. 10. I shall betake myself, with all the brevity I can, to consider your various Charges, ycu-. so imprudently draw-up against the King's and ^een's Gtand-Father, both in your Epistle and in your Book itself And Pag, 1 1, you fall Of Prince Charles's to work : In your Epistle you tell us of a. Letter which the Prince wrote to the Pope, '"^"^■' '° *^ ^°P«- which, from the beginning to the end, savours ofPepefy ; and you. mention your Parti- culars to prove it. First, You tell us, that he professes nothing could affect him so much, as an Alliance with a Prince that had the same apprehensions of true Religion with himself. You are in the right ; I did say so ; and, if I cannot mak^ it out, you deservedly style me a foul-mouth' d, scandalous, and leud Miscreant : And a Man would think that yojv should not doubt your having caught me, when you bespeak me in these confident Words ; For God's sake. Sir, read-over the Letter again, and tell me where there is such a word, or any thing thing like it ; I have the Letter now before me, as Jt is in Rush worth ; and I assure you, upon reading it again, I find nothing like it ; and I hope I am not so dull, but I Understand common Sense; and, if it was not for the un- mannerliness of the Expressoin, 1 would, I am justly provoked to say, leave your L^ , I must confess, ^ir, this your Expostulation struck me witji no small astonishr ment, and your bold and confident Assertion would, if possible, have made me ready to suspect myself (as you represent me) for one of the vilest Impostors that ever appeared in the World : for I never doubted but your Mother instructed you in the reading of English ; and he who hath attained thereto, should not mistake i;n such a case as this. But, , Upon my second reading you ; I observed, that you say, / have, the Letter now. before me, JS IT IS IN RUSHWQRTH ; this raised a Suspicion in me, that you were conscious that it was elsewhere to be found ; why else should you say, AS IT J^S IN B-USHWORTH ? Turning lo Rushworth, which you were poring-upon ? when 106 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW when you wrote your Defence, I was confirmed in my Opinion ; for in the Margin to t];iat Letter, in Pag ^ 82, I read, and you will see, when you put on Impartial Spectacles, this honest Intimation ; There is another Copy of the Prince's Letter to the Pope, published by several Hands, somewhat different from this. Well, though you affirm, that you find nothing like what I charge , I can see, (as you presently shall) even in Rushworth, several Things as like it, as I have found a Doctor to be like a Dunce. Indeed, £any thing] like this Letter to the Pope is not found m'Dr .Gauderi' s Famous Book, called Eicon Basilice, nor in the Works of^King Charles; neither it is in P em-brook* s Arcadia, in Heylin, or in Nalson : But you,. good Doctor, may see it in a Book which you have in your Library^ for you quote it in your 13th Page; 'tis entituled. Cabala, Mysteries of State {in ^arto) Pag. 214, The Royal Words there, (which you could not, or, rather, would not, find,) are these ; ' I shall never be so extreamly ' affectionate to any thing in the World, as to endeavour Alliance with a Prince that ' hath the same apprehension of the true Religion with myself. The same thing is expressed hy Mr. Rushworth, in these Words j * Your Holiness's Conjecture of ' our Desire to contract an Alliance and Marriage with a Catholick Family and * Princess, is agreeable both to your Wisdom arid Charity; for we would never * desire so vehemently to be joined in a strict and indissoluble Bond with any * Mortal whatsoever, vvhdse Religion we hated. You proceed in the Examination, or rather, as you aifii-m, Detection of ^LmcHov^s Lying, in the Particulars excepted from the King's Letter to the Pope. 'idly. Quoth you, IVhat, Sir, you say, 'That he calls Popery the Catholick, Apos- iolic, Roman Religion ; all others. Novelty arid Faction? In what part of the Letter find you this? Sir, I tell you 'tis false, there is not one syllable of this naturi throughout the whole; and I challenge the whole World of Malice to shew me any thinglike it in the Letter: And now again. Sir, who ought to leave their L ? Why, Sir, to deal honestly with you, I did say as you charge me ; but I must also tell you, that I see 'tis not false ; for towards" the end of the Letter, I find these Syllables ; ' I entreat ' your Holiness to believe, that' I have "been always very far from encouraging N. B. ' Novelties, or to be a Partisan' of any Faction, against the Cathoirck, Apostolick, * Roman Religion.' And, in answer to your Question, Who ough): to leave thar * L ? I say, they should who are convicted thereof. Now go-on to act your .part, Sdly, You say. That he protested, he, did not esteem it a matter of greater Honour to be %scended from great Princes, than to imitate them in the Zeal of their Piety, who had so of ten exposed their Estates and Lives in the exaltation of the Holy Cross : And, pray, where is the Fault in this ?' I hope any Man who knows what the Holy Cross means in its proper sense, {which is nothing else but' the Christian Religion, purchased upon the Cross by the blood of Jesus.^ will say, that this Protestation is so far from blackening this great Prince, that it redounds to his Credit and Honour. These are your Words, are they not. Doctor ? This Passage is uideed a little diverting : Ludlow ^ I observe, is no Lyarhere^ -You admit this Passage to be in the Letter ; and, imagining you can justify it, do not TO DU. HOLLINGWORTH. 107 not answer this, with Ti>ou lyest ; for that, in your Canonical way sf Jrguing, apper- tains only to things unanswerable. But now, upon reading the Letter, it will seera to some as though I had played the Wag in this Point, and laid a Trap for you, as some Body did for me, who gave me to understand that you were once a Presbyterian, with which- you make yourself very merry, as I see, pag. 50. For, if you will please to look into the King's Letter, 'tis there HOLT CR AIR, though, indeed, it is Holy Cross in mine ; and I am sure, such a Protestation to expose Estate and Life in. the exaltation of the Holy Chair, doth not redound lo the Honour 'of a Protestant King; for we all know that the Holy Chair, ( mean the Cross what it will) in its plain, proper, sense, means nothing but down-right Pcpery. But you. Doctor, know a ready way to bring yourself off with Honour ; and, if I had not put a Trick upon you, in writing Cross ior Cbair«, your Answer would have run thus; For God's sake. Sir, read'Over' the Letter again, and tell me where there is any Protestation about imitating the, Zeal' ' of his Ancestor's Piety, in exposing, his Estate and Life in the exaltation of the Holy Chair, or any thing like it : I am- not so dull, but 1- understand common Sense ; and this indeed {had it been in the Letter) savours of Popery^ and would have blackened this great Prince : but you, Bold-face, are past all manner of Shame ; and a man would think' you are possessed.; for there is not one word like this in the Letter ; and I am justly pro- vck'd to say, Leave.your L Your next Cavil runs thus, {$ag. 12.). Tou say that he solenmly engaged to the Pope to spare nothing in the fporld, even to the hazarding- his Life and Estate, to settle a thing so pleasing ta God, as Unity with Rome. Surely, Sir, you are past all manner of shame ; and a Man would think you were possessed ; for there is not one word of this in the Letter; and, none, but a Person who cares not what Falsities he obtrudes upon the World, in order, to deceive the silly and credulous part of Mankind, [THE LAIETY] would have so boldly printed such a notorious Falshood as this is ; and ought to.leave his L , Sir? Why now. Doctor, you are in the right again, and put-down my very Words ; and as sure as you do so, so sure 'tis, that I charge nothing but the Truth : And, to shew you that the King's Letter hath many of the Words, I do here transcribe them J ' I will {saith the King) employ myself, for the time to come, to have but N. B. ' one Religion, and one Faith. Having resolved in myself to spare nothing ' in the World, and to suffer all manner of Discoinmoi^ties, even to the hazarding < of my Estate and Life, for a Thing so pleasing to God. And who now ought to leave his Lying, let the World judge. Having thus, Sir, offered what occurs for 'the right placing the before-charged ^.jes, allow me to. make a Parallel observation upon you. You insert into your Title-Page this Expression; Let the lying Lips be put to silence ; which cruelly, disdain- fully^ and despitefMlly, speak against the Righteous, Psal. 3 1 . Now, at the rate of your talking, I might well say, For God's sake turn to your Bible again, and tell me where you find these words. The Text which I find in my Bible, Psal. xxxi. 1 8. runs thus ; l^et ^e lying Lips be put to silence ; vchich speak grievous things, proudly and con. temptuousiy against the Jiighteous. But then you vfill reply. This is the wopted Cus- p 3 torn log A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLbW. torn of your Party; these Presbyterians have their constant recourse to the Bibles to oppose the Liturgy; but we'Laudean Church-men never cite the' Bible, when we can make the Common-Prayer to serve the turn ; and the pestilent Letter-writer must know, that I took my Quotation out of the Psalter, not the Psalms ; and there, in the 3\si and 20th Verse, (though it be the \Sth in the Bible) are the very- words which I put-down. 'Tis true. Sir, I do find it thus ; but how had I been intrapp'd, if I had never seen, or had not had the Common Prayer-Booh by me, and found that you had an Authentick Author for what you put-down? What a Nest of Ecclesiastical Wasps should I have brought about my Ears, had I said, ■ Leave your Z— — , 'tis false, 'tis not so in my Bible ? And, pray, why niay not I, (there being neither Statute nor Canon-Law prohibiting it) take the liberty to quote the Bible and the Cabala,- when I quarrel not with you for reading the Common Prayer- Booh and Rushiuorth ? To return to what you were upon ; the last thing yeu sjud, was. And who ought to leave his Lying?. You then say, {page 12.) And,' as for his [the King's] '^,- • pJy to the Pope's Nuncio, which you mention ; after these Falsehoods, pray, tell me in what Authentick Author I may find it? for I assure you, you have put so ' many false things together before, that you have so 'mU6h lost your Credit with me, that I will believe nothing' on your bare Assertion ; nnd I do not doubt but every body that reads b&th, will be of my mind. Your Conclusion here. Sir, looks something fair; you seem content that every body should read both, and speak as he finds. I think they ought to do^so ; and I address you, in all humility, to be so ingenuous as to get Allowance that the Press may be open to, both Sides, for what shall be hereafter published in this Controversy; for 'tis unreasonable that you should rail for what you idly call the Church of Englaiid, without controul, and under the publick Licence and Protec- tion ; and 'tis not only inconvenient to print at Amsterdam, but,- in regard there are so many Tories and Jasobites employed in the Custom-Uouse, 'tis no small Risque that ievery Man runs, who would bring-over any thing that is wrote for the Service of Old-Emg.and; I mean, the Government of £Mf fisW, by King IViUiam and Queen Mary, with Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament ; and that you agree to be Oli-EnglaMd\wA.^di, But I have too iongdigress'd. You were telling me, that I have so nwich lost my Credit with you,- that you will believe nothing on my. bare Assertion. Upon this you must allow me to say, that you' are laid, so flat by the Rfeverfind and pious Yix. Walker, in relation to the idle Story of Sir yohn Bfattle, about Dr. Gauden's Book, commoniy called tie King's^ (aiid which they say Sir Jsfjn doth deny) and .you have put-down so many things in your Defence of the Martyr, which are incredible, that your ' Credit is so much impaired with me, that I cannot believe every thing you assert. I therefore desire, that, for the future, you would give your Authorities (^ I shall), for what you write; so that our Readers may know how to make a true Judgement of Things : And I must tell you, that, you being deficient in this Point in your First. Defence of King Charles, I rather play'd than argued with you in oiy former 'Pope'Greqojiy ihe XVth's Letter to the Prince df Wales, afterwards King Charles the First. Most^ Noble Prince, Health and Light of Divine Grace, &c. GREAT BRITAIN, abounding with worthy Men, and fertile' Virtues, so that the whole Earth is full of the Glory of her Renown, induceth many times the Thoughts of the great Shepherd to the consideration of her Praises. In regard, that presently in the Infancy of his Church, the King of Kings vouchsafed to choose her v(?ith so great Affection for'his LnheVitance, that aim' st, it seenis, there efitered into' her. at the same time, the EaglfS of the Roman Standard, and the Ensigns of the Cross. And not few of her Kings, indoctrinated in tjie true Knowledge of Salvation, gave example of Christian Piety to other Nations, and after-AgeSj preferring th& Cross to the Sctpley; and the Defence of Religion to the Desire of Command. Sothat^ meriting Heaven thereby (the Crown of eternal Bliss) they obtained' likewise, upon Eaith, the Lustre and glisrious Grnaraents of Sanctity. But m this t'me ojthe Britannck Church, hoiv much is the case altered? yet we see, that to this day, the English. Court is fenced and guarded with moral f^irlues, which were sufficient Motives to induce us to love this J^ation, it being some Ornament to the Christian Name, if it tvere Mewis'e a Defence and Sanc- tuary of Catholick Virtues, ' Wherefore, the more the Glory of your most Serene Father, and the Pi-operty of iiour natural Disposition, delighteth us, the more ardently we desire that the - Gates of Heaven should be. opened unto you, and that you should purchase the uni- versal N.B. TO DB. HOLLIMGWORTH. ,j09 former Letter. But T will now tell you, that 1 had thfe King's Reply to ihe Nuncio, upon delivering the Pope's Letter to him, from Cabala, Mysteries of State, page 214, where you may read it in these words. ' r kiss his Holiness Feet, for the Favour and f-Ionour he doth me ; so much ' the more esteemed, by how much the less deserved of me hitherto ; and his ' floliness shall see what I will do hereafter.' [And so did England, Scotland, Ireland, and the whole World ; his Bishops and Chaplains pressed Popish Innova- tions, and preached Doctrines of gross Popery. ! ' And I think my Father will ' do the like ; so that his Holiness shall not repent him of what he hath done. Now, Si- , Cabala is a Book of clear' Credit, and not' to be gain-say'd by you; for you unluckily quote the same Book" in the very same Paragraph, wherein you raise your Hue and Cry after my ^u'hentick /luthGr. And now, for the further illustration of the Matters which I have too long dweU-upon, 1 shall here transcribe^ not ohly that Letter we have been talfcin^-of, but that of the Pope to the King, which he answered in- so highly-obliging terms ; and, for your better Satisfaction, you may; compare them with Cabatti, p. 212, ^c. no A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW versed Love of the Church. For, whereas that Bishop, Gregory the Great, of moss pious Memory, introduced amongst the English People, and taught their Kings the Gospel, and a Reverenc& to the apostolical Authority ; We, much inferiour ta him in Virtue and Sanctity, as equal in Name, and height of Dignity, it is reason we should follow his most holy Steps, and procure the Salvation of those King~ doms, especially (most Serene- Prince) there being great hopes offered to us at this- time of some successful Issue of your Determination. wherefore, you, having come to Spain, and at the Court of the Catholick King,; with desire to match with the House of Austria, it seemed good to us, most affec- tionately to commend this- your Intent, and to give clear testimony, that at this time your Person is the most principal Care that our Church hath. For, seeing" you pretend to match with a Catholick Damosel, it may easily be presumed, that, the antient Seed' of Christian Pietf^ which so happili/ flourished in the Minds of British Kings, may, by God's Grace, reverberate in your Breast. For. //.w no4 probable that .he that desires such a Wife, should abhor the Catholick ReligioUi, and rejpice at the.overthroxv of the Holy Roman CAwrcA. To which purpose, we have caused continual Prayers to be made, and most vigilant Orisons to the Father of Lights, for you ( fair Flower of the Christian World, and only Hope of Great Britain ) that he would bring you to the Possession of that most noble Inheritance, PunUMi^. which your Ancestors gpt you by the Defence of the Apostolick Authority, an^ £)estruction of Monsters of Heresies. Call to memory the times of old ; ask your Fore-fathers, and they will shew you what way leads to Heaven, and perceiving what Path mortal Princes pass to the heavenly Kingdom, behold the Ga^tes of Heaven open. Those most holy Kings of England, which, parting frOm Rome, accompanied with Angels, mo»t piously reverenced the hord of Lords, and J fee Prince of the Apostles in his. Chair. Their Works and Examples are Mouths wherewith God speaks, and. wameth you,, that you should imitate their CustomSy in whose Kingdoms you. succeed. Can. you suffer that they be called Hereticks, and condemned for wicked Men, "when the Faith of the Church testifieth, that they reign with Christ in, Hgajren, and are exalted abov£ all the Princes of the Earth, and that they, at this, time reached you their hands from that most blessed Country,, and brought you safely to the Court of the Catholick King, and desire- to turn you io the Womb of f^e Roman Church', wherein, praying most huniblyj with most unspeakable Groans, to the God o£ Mercy, for your Salyatipn, to reach you the Arms of Apostolical Charity, to embrace most lovingly your. Children, so often desired, and, TheseDteiiesof theto point-out, as it were with a Finger, the blessed Hopes of Heaven. An,d,. truly \riSf conriiTOal\n- i/°" could do no Act of greaUv Comfort to all Nations of Christendom,, than to deavours off Swarms remrn the Possession of those most noble Isles, to the Prince of the Apostles, whose °*^rm tt'd't^es'ide'' Authority for so many Ages was held in England for the defence of the Kingdom,, amongst us» ^^'^ divine Oracle : which will not be uneasy to do, if you open your jBrea*^ (upon which depends theProsperity of those Kingdoms) to God, who is knocking. And we have so great desire of the Honour and Exaltation of youjr Rpyal Name^ that TO DR. HOIXINGWORTH. . m that -wg wish, that you shculd be called through the whole World (together with your most Serene Father, the Freer of Gn;^./-Britainj and Restorer * of her antient ReJ' ion. Whereof we will net lose all hopes, putting them in mind in whose hands the Hearts of Kings lie, and he that rules all nations of the world, by whose Grace f we will f vfith all possible Diltgencs, labour to effect i'. And you cannot choose but acknowledge in these Letters the Care of our Apostolical Charity to procure your Happiness, which it will never repent us to have written^ if the Reading thereof shall at leastwise stir some sparks of Catholtck Religion in the Heart of so great a Prince, who we desire may enjoy Eternal Comforts, and flourish with the Glory ©f-all Virtues, Given in Rome, in the Palace of St. Peter, the 20th of Jpril, 1623. • In the third of our Po»/y?ttf^o. TAe Prince 6/" Wiles his Reply to the Pope's Letter. Most Holy Father, I RECEIVED the Dispatch from- your Holiness with great Content, and with that Respect which the Piety and' Care wherewith your Holiness writes^ doth re- quire : It was an unspeakable Pleasure to me to read the generous Exploits of the Kings my Predecessors, in whose Memory, Posteritv hath not given those Praises and Elogies of Honour as were due to them : I do believe that your Holiness hath set their Examples before my Eyes, to the end I might imitate them in all my Ac- tions. For in truth they have often exposed their Estates and Lives for the Exaltation of the Holy (. hair ; and the Courage with which they have assaulted the Enemies of the Cross of Jesus Christ, -bath not been^ess than the (are and Thought which I have, to the end that the Peaceand Intelligence which hath hitherto been wanting in Christendom, might be bound with a true and strong Concord. For, J as the common Enemy of 'the Peace w&tcheth always to put Hatred and Dissention amongst Christian Princes; so I beheve.that the Glory of God requires that we should endeavour to unite them: Aaid I do jiot esteem it a greater Honour to be descended from so great Princes, than to imitate them in the Zeal of their Piety. In which it helps me very much to. have-known the Mind and Will of our thrice honoured Lord and Father, and the holy Intentions of his Cathoiick Majesty, to give a happy Concurrence to so laudable a Design : tor it grieves him exceedingly to see the great Evils that grow from the Division of Christian Princes, which the Wisdom of your Holiness foresaw;, § when it judged the Marriage which you pleased • The Pope well knew that his Design of destroying the Northera Heresy, had been considerably ad- vanced in K. James's time, •f 'the Roman Strumpet is very industrious to corrupt the Earth with her Fornications, Rev. 19- 2. X The Interests ot Popery and Tyranny were always found very well to agree, and this Prince was easily persudded, that his Crown, and the Pope's Chair, had common Friends and common Enemies. \ The Pop« prepared a strange Wife for him, which, accD,D., who styles himself /i&g/> Majesties Chaplain, and dedicates to them, that a pretender to Learning and good Manners, who had notice from Ru.hworth, that there was another Copy of the King's Letter to the Pope, published by several Hands, different from his ; that he, who by his own Confession liath Cabala, and uses it to serve his Purpose, should treat a Person who writes Truth out of the same Author, with the unbecoming Expression, — and that three times over in one Leaf,— of Leuve your L— — — ; that such a Man as you, in such a Case TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. , 113 a Case as this, should say, ^Tis false % you are fast all manner of shame ; and one would think, that you are possessed? But let us see what follows, my honest Tell-truth. Pag. 14. you fall upon Dr. Ze/^i&^o»'s Case, and call the most barbarous and Dr. Lclghton's Case, diabolical Sentence, which Bishop Laud procured to be pronounced, and most cruelly executed upon him, his Punishment ; and say, ThdX. you are something of the mind that he met-with hard Fate, and such as, had you been one of his Judges, [with your present sense of thi'/gsj you should not have consentedto. So that, it seems, you cannot be confident but you might have been as wicked as Laarf himself. And by the discovery which you indiscreetly make of yourself a little after, (of which more presently) I have reason to suspect that you would have made the worst Bishop of the two ; and then I am sure you had been a very wicked Bishop indeed. You say. Let me tell you. Sir, Dr. Leighton w^s a' great Transgressor, and deserved a severe Punishment. Must it be Persecution, to call such a foul-mouth' d Person to an jlccount, and to punish him ? But you, of all Men, Dr. Brazen-face, ought to be very tender of justifying the severe punishment of a foul Mouth, lest a Jury of your Neighbours (should you be called to an account, if for nothing more than your malicious slandering of that Reverend Divine Dr. Walker) should find you to be a foul-mouth' d Person ; for in such a case [according to your present setise of things] I am something of the mind, you would esteem it a hard Fate, to have your Ears cut, your Nose slit ; to be branded in the Face, stand in the Pillory, pay ten thousand Pounds Fine, and be perpetually imprisoned. You proceed next {pag. 15.) saying, / have looked into the Case of Fryn, Burton, CaseofPrynne, Bur- and Bastwick. [l do, upon a full consideration cfthe whole, wish from my Heart *°° and Bastwick. their Punishment had been some other tvay ;3 / do not think that the way of punishing these Persons was at all Politick or Prudent, [because not for the Interest, as things then stood, either of the King or the Church]. And if Bishop Laud had kept in his Study at that time, and not appeared at all, either to hear the Trial, or assist in the Sentence, it had been better for him, and \_those Designs of Uniformity he had so much set his Heart upon.~\ Whoever weighs this last Paragraph, must agree in what 1 but now hinted, that you, even you. Doctor-, would have been a worse Bishop than Laud. You well approve the punishing of these three Persons ; but the way was not Politick or Prudent, because not for the Interest [as things then stood^ of King or Church. Let you (subtil Doctor) alone for Mischief, though you have a very unhappy Talent at writing in Defence thereof ; you would have done it as effectually, but in a more cunning manner ; you would have been found as Arch and Crafty, but a more close Youth ; like the Persecutors in Ancient Times, whose Practices are most ingenuously express d by Mr. Marvel m these words; ' In Persecution, the Clergy ' as yet, wisely interposed the Magistrate betwixt themselves and the People, not * caring, so their End were attained, how odious they render 'd him : And you ' may observe, that, for the most part, hitherto, they stood crouching, and shot either ' over the Emperor's Back, or under his Belly : But in process of Time they be- Q ' came 114, A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW '' came bolder and open-faced, and persecuted before the Sun at Mid-day ; Bishops * grew worse, but Bishopricks every day better and better. Youj Politick Doctor, in your great Wisdom, would have taken a more prudent course than Bishop Laud ; you wouldy in your Study, have laid such a Scheme as this ; ^ Jefferies, or a Wright, should have been made Lord Chief-Justice ; a Gra- ham, and a Burton, should have pack'd a Jury of London Tories, to give such a Verdict as they should have directed : Hereby these Gentlemen should have been Whip'd, Pilloried, Stigmatized, and what else Bishop Hollingworth pleas'd, and all by the Hands of the Laiety, and thzi according to Law ; the Bishop, good Man, neither assisting at Trial, nor Sentence, but close at his'Book^ as innocent as a wild Bear, and as harmless as a Tyger. Well, it had been better for 'LaxiA., and those Designs of Uniformity which be had so much set his heart upon. Laud's tJ^'gn of an And pray, tell me. Sir, in all Love, what Uniformity was this which thus run in Lauff& Head, and which you seem so much to approve ? It must certainly be the honest Design of coming to a due Temper, to a uniting of Protestants : No, no, no- thing like it. Mr. Whillock was a good Man ; and you say, pag. 14, That you do not in the least question the Truth of what he writes. Take, then, his Account of this Monster, rather than Martyr, and you will see which way his Head turn'd. Whitl. Mem, pag. 97. * In Arch- Bishop Laud's Diary, under his Hand, (produced in * Evidence against him at his Trial) ' are Passages of his being offered to be made * a Cardinal; which he said, that he could not suffer till Rome were other than * it is. £He wickedly and traiterously designed, that, upon the Pope's yielding, in some fewPoints,(as iheCommon Prayers to be continued inEngIish,and such other Trifles,) he would deliver-over the possession of these most noble Isles to the Prince of the Apostles^ Whitl. pag. 92. It was proved against him, that he should say, ' The Pope was ' not Antichrist, but the Head of the Church ; and that the Protestant Religion, * and Romish Religion, were all one ; and, if the one was false, so was the other. * He chid Dr. iy«//(asin Whitlock, p. 91.) for giving the Holy Father the Epi- ' thets of Antichristian, £sf c. He held the Pope to be Metropolitan Bishop of the ' World, ' He furnished the King's Chapel, (they are Mr. WbitloclH^ own words, p. 85.) ' that Seminary Priests would come thither for their Devotion and Adoration ; and * some of them were instanced, ( this was at his Trial still) who said they knew no * difference between their Churches and this Chappel, and some other of our ' Churches, as they were ordered. To this 1 shall subjoin a few Words out of Rushworth's Third Collection, Vol. 2. mak^e the King abso- P^g. 818. ' Arch-Bishop Laud endeavoured to advance the Power of the Council- lute. ' Table, the Canons of the Church, and the King's Prerogative, above the Laws * of the Land ; and said, that, as long as he sat at the Council-Board^ they should ' know, that an Order of that Board should be of equal Force with an Act of Par- * liament. TO DR. HOLLINGWORTM. 115 ' liament. And at another time said, that he would crush them to pieces that * would not yield to the King's power. He styled the Parliament Puritans, and com- * mended the Papists for harmless and peaceable Subjects. He said, • That there * must be a blow given to the Church, such as had not been given, before it * could be brought to Conformity. Was not this a rare Hend of the Church of England ? Why may not a Man for once, and not practise it, borrow your Words, (dear Doctor) ^a^. 53, and say^ / cannot think Laud would have talked thus, unless he had been acted by seven Devils worse than himself ; and then I am sure they must be Devils indeed ? But no more of Laud in this place ; 1 return to you, Mr, Chaplain at Aldgate, Though you do not commend the doing of the Business of Pryn, Burton, and l?fl//TOzV ^, in Z,(7a<^*s imprudent way, and that for a weighty Reason, because yoa •would have done it better. You proceed, pag. 1 6, saying. The Justice of the Na- tion ought not to be afraid of accounting with such bold Men, as they shewed them- selves. Mr. Burton, speaking of the Bishops ; instead of Pillars, calls them The offensive wordi Caterpillers ; instead of Fathers, Step-fathers. O horrid! is this true? Why, this'"'^^-^'''''"'''''""''- \iras almost as bad as his laying-open the Innovations in Doctrine, fForship, and Ceremonies, which had lately crept into the Church, and wishing the People to beware of them: which I mention to be charged upon him ; and I question whether his Ears, and ,5000 /. Fine, would have paid the Reckoning, if Hollingworth had been in Laud's place. But, what then would have aton'd for Dr. Bastwick's Transgression P He (say , you) in his Answer to the Information against him, inserted these words i That the Prelates are Invaders of the King's Prerogative ; Contemners ^«'^Bas^twTck'l\ook7hat Despisers of the Holy Scripture ; A dvancers of Popery and Superstition, were the ground of Idolatry and Prof aneness : J ho they abuse the King's Authority, to tbe ^^^l^^ ''""" ' Oppression of his Loyal Subjects ; and therein exercise great Cruelty, Ty- ranny, and Injustice ; and, in Execution of those impious Performances, they shew neither Wit, Honesty, nor Temperance ; nor are they either Servants of God, or of the King, but of the D^vil : being Ene- mies to God, and of every living Thing that is good: And concluded, that he, the said Dr. Bastwick, is ready to maintain these things thus put- down. 1 Now, seeing that they cut-ofF his Ears, for these Expressions, without bringing the Point to trial j I will put myself in his place, and stake mine against yours, that I will make-good every Syllable in this Charge against that Caterpiller Land, and some of his Brethren ; when I see you take it to pieces, and say, in your Rhetorical Flights, This is false ; That's a Lie. And I will give it under my hand into the Bargain, that I will prove that these Bishops were a Generation of Vipers, which on any terms would have eaten their way to Preferment^ through the Intrails of either Church or State. You may make the best on't. Doctor. In your 11 th Page, you affirm, That these three Men suffered for Libelling the Government, and putting Indignities and Affronts upon the then legal Admini- Q 2 strators. 1 16 A LETTER FROJI GENERAL LUDLOW strators. I have shown you the heinous Transgressions of Dr. Bastwick and Mr. Mr.Prynne's offence. Burton ; but you leave us in the dark as to Mr. Pryn's ; therefore, pray, let this put you in mind, when you write next, to tell the World what those Indignities and Affronts were, for which Mr. Pryn suffered ; because I have been told, 'twas for publishing a Book, which Dr. Buckner, Chaplain to the Arch-bishop, (I do do not mean the fillain Laud, but that excdlent Pattern for Bishops, Dr. Abbot) did approve and license to be printed. Having finished your Vindication of the Punishment of these Persons, you dismiss it thus, page 17. -And so much by way of Answer to that part of your Book, by which you have endeavoured to blacken the good King's Reign, and to run-down the Reputation of Bishop Laud ; and to express your Indignation against me for saying otherways he was a very good Man. f I see a Man cannot, for his Heart, prevail upou this Hare-brain'd Doctor, to \e\iLaud alone ; but, whether we will or not, he will go-on to murder the Reputation of this his Martyr Q You run- on thus, (without Fear, Witj or Honesty,) 1 say still he was a good Man, and have a very good Man to bach me. Judge Whitlocfc, a Man of a clear Credit, and sound Judgement ; ivha, as his Son tells me in his Memoirs, said of him, that he had too much 'Fire, but was a just and good man. [^This is to purpose, if it hath the necessary ingredient of Truth : ] But I observe now, that, when you have a sure Second, one upon whom you can depend, you constantly quote the Page as well as Author ; but you left me here, very unkindly, to turn-over a large folio ; Judge Whiflock's to find Judge Whitlock's Character of Laud ; and at length I pitched upon it in opinion of Archbi- theMem. page 32, in these very words : — Laud was more busy in Temporal Affairs and Matters of State, than his Predecessors of late times had been : Judge Whit- lock, (ivho was anciently, and thoroughly acquainted with him, and his Disposition,) would say, he was too full of Fire, though a just and. good Man ; and thai his want of Experience in State-Matters, and his too much Zeal for the Church, and Heat, if he proceeded in the way he was then in, would set this Nation on fire. But this you intended to conceal : And now I think that the Judge did not only speak like a very good Man, but like a Prophet", and I wish you much Joy of Mr. WhitlocA's Authority ; whom, some will teU you, you had much better have^let-alone. Well ; that I may once for all rid my hands of this troublesome Bishop, such you make him to this day, I will give you his Character from another very good ' Man, a Person of clear Credit and sound Judgement, we all know, that is. Sir Harbaitle Grimston; 'tis in^ his .Sj&eecA upon the Arch-bishop's Impeachment, in 1641, which you will find printed in the Continuation of RushworiKs Collections, now published. Mr. Grimston's IVe are (saith he) fallen upon the great Man, the Arch-bishop ofQz.n- specch agaiii.i him. jgrbury : look upon him as he is in Ms Highness, and he is the Sty of all pestilent Filth, that hath infected the State, and Government of the Church and Common-wealth ; ■ looli. upon him in his Dependencies^ and he .is the Man, the only Man that hath raised and advanced all those (that, together TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. jj^ together with himself, have been the Authors and Causers of all the Ruins, Miseries, and Calamities we now groan-under. Who is it but he only, that brought-in the Earl of Strafford, a fit In- strument and Spirit to act and execute all his wicked and bloody Designs in these Kingdoms ? • Who ts tt but he only, that brought in Secretary Wuidebank, the very 'Broker and Pander to the Whore o/" Babylon ? Who is it but he only, that hath advanced Bishofi Manwaring, the Bi- shop . . and the Ass . But, to talk seriously of this most serious Matter ; pray, see what the Devout and Learned Bishop of Salisbury says of such Doctors as yourself, in his Sermon, Jan. 30, 1680, pag, 9. ' Many weak Persons, who, by the Heat of their Tempers,, are * inclined to entertain Prejudices, hold, that Addressing to God in Prayer, and the ' being guided by the inward Motions of Grace, and God's Holy Spirit, are but * illusions of Fancy, if not the Contrivances of designing Men. Pag. lo. ' Earnestness in Prayer, and depending on the inward Assistances of ^ God's Holy Spirit : How have Men, who know or value these things little them- ' selves, taken occasion to disparage them with much Impudence and Scorn ? Now, Sir, upon the whole Matter, I do think it might tend to the Publick Peace, if my Lord Bishop of London would please to suspend such a dry and insipid Doctor as you are, from publishing even ex-tempore and unpremeditated Defences, and to injoin you a well-framed Form of Defending, so that it may be performed with 120 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW with Order and Decency, and not be exposed to Contempt and Scorn, .by reason of any rude and undigested Addresses, bold and saucy Applications, to their most Sacred Majesties, the Most Reverend and Right Reverend, the Arch-Bishops and Bishops^ ^e. For I perswade myself^ that the Ex-tempcre Rhimes of some Antick Jack-Pudding, may deserve Printing better than your empty and nonsensical Pam- phlets ; and that it had been better to have set some Ballad-singer to have bewailed the King's Misfortunes, than so ridiculous an Orator as you are found to be, who are so insipid, that there's not the least Spirit in any thing you say. Where are you now. Sir ? Aye, bu' this Bold-face, says. This Liturgy [/cr Scot- land"] was not only compised by Bishop Laud, but se.a by him to the Pope and Car- dinals for their Appri bation ; and this Story I must not dare to deny. But, with your leave, Mr, Modesty, I will venture upcn ^hat piece of Confidence, as t. tell you I do not believe it, and that, because you assert it. NoWj I do agree that I did say so ; and I am indeed a Bold-face, if 1 have not good Au 'hority for what I thus charge upoa Arch-Bishop Laud; for no Man's bar*. Asserrion may pass in such a Case as this. But there is more in this Matter, than the short-sighted Chaplain at Aidgate is aware of. Proofs that the Scots You mav find the Story of Laud's sending the Scots Common-Prayer, to be ap- S comp^oTicTby proved by the Pope and Cardinals (as I told it) in a Book of good Credit, entituled. Laud, was sent to A new Survey of the tVest-Indies, wrote by a Reverend Divine of the Church of ba°^^n oTtheVo''''e°" ^^E^'^^'^^ ^1". Thomas Gage, Minister of Deal, in Kent ; 'tis in page 280, in the Folio and Cardinals. Impression. He there tells you, ' That, being a Friar, he went to Rome with Letters ' of Recommendatisn to Czrdinsl Barbarini, the Pope's Nephew, intituled. Tie Pro- * tec tor of England : That, coming acquainted with Father Fitz-Herbert, Rector of ' the English CoUedge of Jesuits,he \Fitz-Herbert'\ highly praised Arch-Bishop Zaaof, ' and iaid, That he had, not long since, sent a Common- Prayer-Book (which he had ' composed for the Church of Scotland') to be first viewed and approved by the ' Pope and Cardinals ; and that they liked it very well for Protestants, to be trained- ' up in a Form of Prayer and Service ; yet the Cardinals (first giving him Thanks for ' hisRespect) sent him word, that he [thePope] thought it was not fitting iov Scotland. ' That Father Fitz-Herbert told him, he was Witness of all this, being sent-for by ' the Cardinal to give him his Opinion about it, and of the Temper of the Scots. ' And that Laud, hearing the Censure of the Cardinals concerning his Intention and * Form of Prayer, to ingratiate himself the more in their Favour, corrected some ' things in it, and made it more harsh and unreasonable for that Nation. This good Man, Mr. Gage, after he had there related the Matter as above, ex- presses himself thus ; ' This most true Relation of Arch-Bishop Laud, I have oft ' spoke-of in private Discourse, and publickly in Preaching ; and I could not, in ' Conscience, omit it here, both to vindicate the just Censure of Death, which the » Parliament gave against him, and to reprove the ungrounded Opinion and Error * of some ignorant Hpirits, who have, since his Death, highly exalted and cried him * up for a Martyr. You may also find something like this of Mr. Gage in Bishop Burnet's Memoirs, pag. TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. pag. 83, he relates, ' That in the year 1638, one Abernethy, who, from a Jesuit, turn- ' ed a zealous Presbyterian, spread a Story in Scotland, (which took wonderfulIy,)of ' the Liturgy of that Kingdom, havihg been sent to Rome to some Cardinals to be re- * vised by them ; and that Signior Con (the Pope'sNuncio to the Court of England) * had shewed it to Abernethy at Rome. Indeed, the Bishop adds, ' That the Marquess of ' Hamilton wrote to Con about it ; but he protested seriously, he never had so much ' as heard of a Liturgy designed for Scotland, till he came last to England ; that * he had never seen Abernethy at Rome but once ; and, finding him light-headed, ' had never agaift taken notice of him.' Now, it takes not much from the Credit of jibernethy's Relation, that Con denied it : for it must be noted, that he was a Jesuit ; and, according to the Tenets of the Romish Church, 'twas lawful, if not his Duty, to lie for Holy Church. IL ou eome next, with a most convincing Argument, to shew the Falsehood of my last Assertion : What ! (say you, pag. 19. J Bishop Laud send to the Pope and Cardinals for their Approbation of a Liturgy almost the same with ours ? I think this vexatious Ghost will never be laid ; I thought we had done with Laud ; but here he appears again : What! Laud send to thePope to approve a Liturgy almost the same with ours? Aye, Laud was the most likely Bishop in England to do it. For you say. That his Heart \was set\ upon Designs of Uniformity : And was not this the most probable Course to accomplish those designs ? Mr. Whitlock (whom you will credit ) shews (as I but now told you) that Z«K(^ declared. That the Protestant Religion, and the Romish Religion, were all one ; and, if the one was false, so was the other. That he brought the Romish and English Churches (I think I must say Steeple-houses, to be rightly under- stood) to such an Uniformity, that the Popish Priests knew no difference between theirs and ours. Why, then, may we not believe that, in pursuit of that Plot of Uniformity, which his Heart was so much set upon, he sought the Pope's Approbation of the Li- turgy; whom (as Mr. Whitlock himself declares) he held to be the Metropolitan Bishop of the World; so that Laa^ was to him, (as that Traitor, S'arwr, the late Bishop of Ely, was to Saner of t^ but a younger brother ? Proceeding to argue the Point, you say ; Sure, Sir, you have forgot the Bull of the Pope, in the 1 0th of ^een Elizabeth, which commands all his pretended CathbUck Children, not to attend upon the publick Liturgical Devotions cf our Church ; and you have forgot that [the Papists, upon that account, and by virtue of the Authority of that Bull, have declined our Publick Service ever since]; and therefore it is very likely Bishop Laud should send a Uturgy to Rome/or its Approbation. Most likely, for this very reason ; and one who did not well know you to be a Hare-brain'd Blunderbuss, would be ready to conclude, with that ingenious Jacobite, of the Lacedamonian Society, who, inveighing against my Letter, told a Friend of mine, it must be answered by a better Pen ; for the Doctor writes, said he, as though he play'd booty. ^ I appeal, to any Man of common Understanding, whether abetter Reason can be invented, to per- suade the World of the Probability oi Laud's sending the Common-Prayer Book to be approved at Rome, than that which you have here assigned: The point is already set- tled, that his Head was set upon Designs of Uniformity; the Popt was his elderBrether; R the 121 123 ALF.TTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW. the Papists came to the Common-Prayers cf our Church for the first 10 years of ^.Eliza- beth ; and by consequence, might have so done to this day, had not Pope Pius the Sth prohibited thetn. Let any Man shew me a more probable way to obtain a Repeal of that Bull, (which hath made the Papists ever since decline our Liturgical Church- Devotions,') and to bring them to Church again, or, rather, to bring us to go to Church with them, than by introducing a Liturgy allowed and approved by his Holiness ; a Liturgy, in which ( as I said, and you do not deny ) all the material Parts of the Mast- Beok seemingly were ; and wherein Transubstantiation was rather allowed, than denied. But that empty Head of yours is carried round, so that you do not know what is fit to be said. What have we next ? Page 20. Well, Sir, you say, If [the Common-Prayer-Book] was sent into Scotland; pray, let we ask you one Question ; In whose Name, and by whose Authority, was it sent ? The Answer is as obvious as short, and you needed not to have sent to Switzer- land to have a Resolution in the point. The Common-prayer-book was sent into Scotland in the name of one, who had not Authority to impose it upon the Scots according to their Laws. You go-on, saying, Why, if they did not like it, did they not, first, submissively peti- tion their lawful King, and let him know how disgustful the Liturgy ivas to many cf his Subjects in that Kingdom ? Why, 'tis most evident, from all the Historians of that time, that they did, in the very beginning, petition in the most submissive manner against the imposing this Liturgy ; and that thereupon, after the first reading it, in the great Church of Edin- burgh, upon the 23^ of July, 1637, the Council oi Scotland fie\deA.t\va.t it should not be further urged by the Bishops, till his Majesty's Pleasure were known : Upon which, the Petitioners returned satisfied to their Habitations. But, upon the 1 8th of October, there being a great conflux of People at Edinburgh, to hear the King's Determination, a Proclamation was published, commanding them, upon pain of Re- bellion, to depart the City ; and, shortly after, the King commanded the Privy-Council to receive no more Petitions against the^Cemmcu-Prayer-Book. Nevertheless, you con- fidently demand. Why, if they did not like it, did they not, first, submissively petition ? But the 5fc/jshall here answer for themselves ; take their own words in their Charge exhibited in Parliament against Laud; « Our Supplications (say they) were many ■ against this Book. But Canterbury procured them to be answered with terrible ' Proclamations. We were constrained to use the remedy of Protestations : but, for ' our Protestations, Canterbury procured us to be declared Rebels and Traitors in * all the Parish-Kirks of England. When we were seeking to possess our Religion ' in Peace, against these Devices and Novations, Canterbury kindled War against 'us, — Our Scottish Prelates petitioned that something might be abated of the ' English Ceremonies; as the Cross in Baptism, &V. But he would not only have * these kept, but others super-added ; which was nothing else but adding Fuel ' -to the Fire, Read also their Expostulation in their i?^.=?7^«i'/r<7Kcf, 1639, Pag. 4!. ' Certainly, ' Posterity will hardly believe (as we, who have seen it, cannot but wonder) how it ' hath come to pass, that we should have so long petitioned our Native Prince to do TO DR. HOLUNGWORTH. 2 25 ' US Justice, whereof he is Debtor to his People ; and to hear our j ust Complaints * against the Usurpation of a few Men, who were undermining the professed Reli- ' gion, and the Government of the State ; and to suffer us to live according to our ' Laws ; and yet that we could never be heard, nor answered, in the point of our just ' Desires. Far less will they guess what hath been the ground of that merit and trust ' of one domineering Prelate, in the Affection of the King, that it should be more ' forcible to diswade, than all the Supplications and Intercessions of so ancient and ' faithful a Nation should have'power to move.' Well, what say you next, Mr. Tittle-tattle ? 'The Scots took a Covmant against Compliance with the Church of England, -kgainst Compliance with the Church 0/ England; Aye, now 'tis out j there's the ground of the Quarrel ; the Scots traiterously refused to comply with Bp. Laud : But they shall speak for themselves ; they answer you thus, Doctor. ' We are free * of the heavy Censures of Rebellion and Treason, which are so ordinarily thun- ' dered-out, that they are become the less formidable to us. We are supported ' with this inward Testimony, that we fear God, and still honour the King ; although * our Adversaries will not be pleased, except we will follow their Rules, which ' are not unlike those of the Jesuits, which were found at Pfl^«tf,when they were ex- * pelled the Territory of Venice : One of them was, [that Men should take heed, that ' they do not too much press, or inculcate, the Grace of God :] Another was, [that ' Men must believe the Hierarchical Church, although it tells us, that that is black ' which our Eye judgeth to b^ white.] Unto which we may add the third, invented ' by Ignatius Loyola, [oi blind Obedience^ which we have no mind to practise.' But, to move-forward. Page 22. We find (say you, ) their Seditious Remonstranees, Declarations and Pamphlets, were dispersed. Now, I cannot find that Mr. Whitlock, whom you quote, informs you, that their Remonstrances, &c. were seditious: this is maliciously foisted-in by you ; and, if you were in Scotland, you would, as you deserve, be severely punished (which you would call Persecution) upon the Statute against Leasing-makers. Mr. JVhitlock, in Pag. 28, which you cite, gives this Relation ; * About the 'year 1560, the Earl of Murray, with Knox, Buchanan, and others, gave such a ' shock to Popery, as made every thing (and, by consequence. Episcopacy) which stood near it, to reel. He then shews, how Episcopacy and Presbytery took their tumsof Government: and, giving an Account of the King's Resolution to enforce the Ccmmon-Prayer-Book; and, by an Army, to bring the Scots to obedience, (or, as you phrase it, to Compliance with the Church of England); he saith, ' That, because this * was the Bishops War, it was held fit that they should contribute largely towards * the Preservation of their own Hierarchy; and, accordingly,the Clergy were assem- « bled by the Bishops, in their Dioceses, and invited to a liberal Aid. I shall now, (Sir,) in a short Digression, shew you, from Mr. Whttloch, how this was growing-up, from being the Bishops, to be a Popish War. He relates, Paee SI 'That the Queen employed Sir Kenelm Digby and Mr. Walter Moun- ^ ' R 2 ' tegue. 12* A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW ' tague, ( wTio at that veiy timCj as we have it in Gage's Survey of the Jfest- IndieSf p. 209, stood Candidates at Rome for a Cardinal' s-Cap,^ ' to labour the Papists ' for a liberal Contribution, which they gained ; and Sir Basil Brooks, a Person ' afterwards very active in the Irish Rebellion, was appointed Treasurer for the ' Monies, thus raised by the Queen's Solicitation for this War against the Scols : ' hereupon some styled the Forces raised against the Scots, in the beginning of the 'year 1640, THE POPISH ARMY.' But to return to what I intended; I will shew you the heads of the Scotch Declaration, which Mr. Whitloch puts-down upon the Page you mention ; and, that I may not be accused of Partiality, take, first, the King's Declaration ; — ' His Majesty saith, he sets it forth to inform his ' Subjects of the seditious Practices of some in Scotland, seeking the overthrow of ' Regal Power, under the false pretext of Religion, ®c. He takes God to witness, * he is constrained by their Treasons, to take Arms for the safety of that and this * Kingdom. He resolves to maintain Episcopacy there, &c.' The Scots answer ; ' That, though the Secrets of God's Ways cannot be sounded, ' yet, considering his Providence in their personal Affairs, the Lord is about some * great Work on Earth ; for the Cup of AflEliction, propined to other Reformed * Kirks, is now presented to them ; That, instead of a gracious return to their ' humble Petitions from time to time, the return is a late Declaration libell'd ' [or, perhaps, levelled] against them ; though the Gates of Hell shall not prevail * against their Cause, and the Kingdom of Jesus Christ now in question. Which ' Declaration proceeds from the Unchristian Prelates and their Party. They conclude, * setting-forth their long suffering of the Prelates Insolency, 6?c. and fearing Popery * to be introduced. And they say, for doing any harm to England, cursed be their * Breasts, if they harbour any such Thought, tsfc' Your next Accusation, Doctor, against the Scots, is, page 23. The King consents to a Treaty ; Commissioners luere appointed on both sides ; and they came to a Conclusion,, agreeing upon seven Articles ; The King justly performed the Articles on his side, notwithstanding the ^rst Article agreed-upon, was'^ to disband the Forces of Scotland within 24 hours ;" and yet these perfidious Persons iept part of their Forces in a body, and all their Oncers in pay, and hept-up their Fortifica- tion^ a^Leith. And now, let the Reader judge by this, how deserving these Men are of such Commendations as this pestilent and bold Letter-Writer gives them. The Scots behave Take a full Answer to this Slander, from the Representation of the Proceedings theffin°°aftwThe''' "-^^^ Kingdom o/" Scotland, since the late Pacification, by the Estates of the King- Pacification. ^ ^ dom, pag. 35. ' We, within the space of forty-eight houcs, (the time appointed by ' his Majesty,) dissolved our Army^ Concerning the Officers, we were careful, ' both to observe that Article of the P^acifkation to his Majesty, and also to keep ' promise to them ; which did bind us — nctf to hold them in Military Pay, but — 19 N. B. ' vouchsafe them Entertainment, till they should be restored to their own, or called * to othEr Service ; which ought not to be taken for any Breach, Contempt, or ' Disobedience, but for an observatioiQ of the Law .of Nature and common Equity; ^they TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 125 ' they being our own Natives, and having forsaken their Places and Means for the ' Defence of Us and their Native Country. Less than this neither could they ex- * pect, nor we perform, although the Peace had been most firmly settled. ' All Forts and Castles were speedily restored, although they be now used for a * Terror and Invasion against us. Some part of the Fortifications at Leith was de- * molished, for his Majesty's Satisfaction ; and the whole remitted by his Majesty ' to the Town of Edinburgh, as having a right to the same.' I See further what they say in Refutation of this vile Calumny, in their Remon- strance concerning the present Troubles, pag. 7. ' We delivered all Places into ' his Majesty's Hknds, which were desired, in testimony of our Obedience j and, ' although they might have been, in our Hands, Pledges of Assurance for perform- ' ance of those Articles that were agreed to be granted in the following Assembly ' and Parliament; and now, contrary to our Expectation, are turned into Engines * of Terror and Fetters of Slavery, to frustrate us from obtaining the benefit of ' that Capitulation.' Now, to put you. Doctor, to eternal silence, I shall subjoin an unconquerable Evidence against your bold Assertion ; The Pacification was made upon the 18th 'of June 1639 ; and upon the 24-th, the Marquess o/" Hamilton received possession of the Castle o/Edinburgh/or the King. This is in Bishop Burnet's Memoirs of the two Uamiltons, pag. 144 ; which is a Book you have heard-of, though, I doubt, have aiever seen, (you shall presently see why I say so.) If this Treatise be partial, it must incline to the King against the Scots, because the Marquess was deeply engaged in the Royal Cause : This was not only wrote by the Bishop when he was a Chaplain to King Charles the Second, from the Marquesses own Memoirs, but is dedicated to the King, and was published with his Royal Testimonial, that he had seen and xtpprovedit. And is there room now for any Man to believe, that, if the Scots had not acted with the highest Simplicity and Integrity in this Treaty, they would have instantly and voluntarily quitted the castle of Edinburgh, (which vras the best N. B- Strength in that Kingdom) to his Majesty ? And now let the Reader judge by this, whether one word that such a paltry Doctor as you utters, out of youi? Pulpit, be to .be credited? Well, what comes next ? even what lies uppermost, pag. 23. And, wAerea* Of the king's causing Jhis scandalizing Person has the confidence to assert, that the King, when he came *^ ^ to°be\umfby" home, burnt, by the common Hangman, the Pacification he had made : I must tell the common hang- Am, he talks, (as he has done all along throughout his Letter,) falsely, and [_against ™^°' his own Reading and Knowledge :'] and for this I appeal to Bishop Bumec in his Memoirs of the two Hamiltons ; where, pag. 782, he acquaints us, That the Scots published a false and scandalous Paper, entituled. Some of his Majestie's Treaties with his Subjects o/" Scotland ; which was jo Untrue and Seditious, that it was burnt .by the Hands of the Common Hangman. And. are not you a base Person, then, to ■obtrude such a Lie upon the World as you have done f But it is no wonder; the Father, mihose Cause you have served in this rude and seditious Libel, is the Father of Lies.. Why, now, most unhappy Doctor, jou -zxe. .catch'd again ; smd, whereas you say, that. 125 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW that / talhfalsely against my reading, it will be found that you talk at random for want of reading. I told you, that I suspected you had never seen Bishop Burnet's Memoirs ; you shall now see my reason for it ; You quote pag. 782, and there are but 436 Pages in that Book, and 47 in the Appendix. And, for my part, I have read it some Years since, and now have again turn'd it over, hut cannot find therein the Story for which you vouch him: I am apt to think, (as you told me, pag. 50.) That some craftti Knave, finding you ready to pick-up any Slory, ivherehy you might serve your Cause, had a mind to put a Trick upon you, a?id to expose the Truth of the rest of your Book, by telling you. That Bishop Burnet's I vidence against the Scots, would outweigh a thousand Witnesses: and that he had declared ti: hat false Loons they were, in a certain Book called his Memoirs. But is not he a Blockhead, then, that will be so imposed -upon? Bishop Burnet's ac- Nevertheless, to deal openly, and without reserve, in this Matter ; I find these count of this matter. Memoirs speaking thus, {pag. 143.) 'When the Scotch Commissioners came-back ' to the Camp, they gave an account of their Negotiation, and, besides Articles of ' Treaty, they produced another Paper, [which passed among all for the Conditions ' of Agreement ;] it was a Note containing some Points which were alledged to • have been agreed-to at Berwick, verbally, though not set-down in the written ' Treaty ; which was made-up of some down-rigbt Mistakes, [this Term comes ' something short of False, Scandalous, Untrue and Seditious, which are your ' Epithets J J and of other things which the King in discourse had indeed said, but ' not positively, nor as a Determination on which he had concluxled.——^ It were now worth the knowing, what, in particular, these down-right Mistakes, and these other things, were ; but, this History leaving us in the dark therein, I shall shew you what was the main thing which gave distaste, in that Paper which. Bishop Burnet saith, passed among all for the Conditions of the Agreement ; and how the Estates of Scotland justified that Paper from the Imputation of Mistakes. The Paper is intituled, Some Conditions- of hit Majesty's Treaty with his Subjects of Scotland, before the English Nobility. ' It is there remembered, that, it being with all Instancy and Humility prest, ' Saturday, June 1.5, that his Majesty would satisfy that main Desire of his Subjects, ' by declaring, that he would quit Episcopacy ; his Majesty did answer. That it was * not sought in our Desires. And, when it was replied. That our first Desire " to ' have the Acts of the General Assembly ratified," imported the same ; His Majesty ' acknowledged it to be so, and averred, that he did not refuse it, bi;t would advise ' till Monday the 17/A. At which time his Majesty, being prest to give some Sig- ' nification of his quitting episcopacy : And, it being plainly shown to his Majesty, ' That, if he would labour to maintain Episcopacy, it ivould breed a miserable Schism * in this Kirk, and make such a Rupture and Division in this Kingdom, as would • prove uncurable : And, if his Majesty would let the Kirk and Country be freed ' of them, his Majesty would receive as hearty and dutiful Obedience as ever Prince ' received of a People : His Majesty answer'd, that he could not prelimit and * ' forestall TO DR. HOLUNGWORTH. 1^7 * forestall his Voice, but had appointed a Free Assembly, which might judge of all ' Ecclesiastical Matters; the Constitutions whereof he promised to ratify in the ensuing ' Parliament. SeCj now, what the Estates of Scotland said, in vindication of themselves in this Matter ; you will find them thus expressing it, in their Representation of the Pro- ceedings of the Kingdom, page 1 5. ' After much Agitation, and many Consultations, his Majestie's Declaration, ' touching the intended Pacification, was read to our Commissioners ; who, upon their ' Dislike and Exceptions, taken both at the Matter and the Expressions, as being con- * trary to our Minds, and prejudicial to our Cause, did humbly remonstrate, that the ' Declaratitn, as it was conceived, could not give Satisfaction to us from whom they * were sent. His Majesty was graciously pleased to command some words to be de- ' leted, and other words to be changed ; and many parts thereof were, by verbal Pro- ' mises and Interpretation, from his Majesty's own Mouth, mitigated : Which, in ' our Estimation, were equal to that which was written, some of the Counsellors of * England assuring our Commissioners, that what was spoken and promised before Men ' of Honour, and in the Face of two Armies, wds no less certain, and would (no doubt) ' be as really performed, as if it bad been written in Capital Letters j which there- ' fore vi'cre diligently observed, carefully remembered, and punctually related, by ' our Cammissior,ers, at their delivering of his Majesty's Declaration to us : And ' v/ithout which, we neither could, nor would, have condescended and consented to the ' Articles of the Declaration, more than we could, or would, against the Light of our ' Minds and Consciences, have sinned against God, and condemned our own Deed. ' Thus way was made to the Pacification, and for pre-occupying all Mistakes, * whether wilful possibly by some, or through weakness of Memory by others. ' These vocal Interpretations and Expressions were collected, keeped by ourselves, and, < in Papers, delivered to some of the Commissioners of England.' It may now be observed^ upon the whole Matter, that this Paper contained nothing contrary to the Articles, or the Pacification, but was a mollifying of his Majesty's Declaration, that it might be the more readily received by the People. And it had been more than imaginable Impudence, to put into the Hands of the Nobility of England, a Paper professing what was openly spoken but just before in their own hearing j and yet containing Untruths and seditious Positions, contrary to all that was done for Peace. The Truth of the Case is this ; The King had promised them a General Assembly, to be holden the 6th of ^«^a.f/, and a Parliament upon the 20'h, to ratify wbr.t should be decreed in the Assembly : But he was reprimanded by the Queen and the Bishops, who vilified the Pacijication, and upbraided him, that he had brougtit home a dishonourable Peace. Whereupon he altered his Mind, declaring, that what had been agreed, would be unprofitable for the Kirk, because he well knew n. B, that nothing short of the extirpation of Prelacy could satisfy that People. He, therefore, about a month after the Paciftcation, set himself to pick a Quarrel with them ; 128 A LETTER PROM GENERAL LUDLOW them; and, upon the I8(b of July, 1639, he charged them with no less than Eighteen Criminal Articles ; whereof they denied some, and made full Answers to the rest. I shall touch upon two of them, because they refer to your Discourse which we are now examining. The third Article was, ' Forces not dismissed ; and, in particular, Monro's Re- * giment yet kept on foot.' The Answer was this ; ' Since his Majesty will have that Regiment disbanded, the same shall be done ' presently : But we humbly beg, that his Majesty would be pleased to dismiss ' the Garrisons in Berwick, Car/isle, and the rest of the Borders.' The 1 8tb Article was ; ' The Paper divulged ; and if they avow the same ?' Which had this modest Answer : * As we are most unwilling to fall upon any Question which may seem to import * the least Contradiction with his Majesty ; so, if it had not been the Trust which ' we gave to the Relation of our Commissioners, the written Declaration would * not have been acceptable, nor the Castle of Edinburgh rendered to his Majesty, * except for the Trust we reposed in their Relation, and confidence in his Majesty's ' Royal Word ; which, we believe they did not forget : which Paper was only * written for that cause, lest his Majesty, or his Subjects, should aver, that they * spake any thing without Warrant.' But, having fully shewn that this Paper suffered innocently, I detain you no longer upon this head. In the next place, page 24, you exhibit a most heinous Article, not only against the Scots, but the English alsoj Th^ sent (you say) NE(V COMMISSIONERS tei the King. They did so ; but I question whether you understand the reason why they were called New Commissioners ; and therefore this may inform you, that they sent Commissioners, not long before, to supplicate for Peace ; but they were denied access to the King's Presence, and commanded to return Home. You go-on, saying, tmt Mr. Whitlock informs you, page 31, they had great resort to them, and many secret Counsels held with them, by the discontented English, especially those who favoured Presbytery, and were no Friends to Bishops. Having consulted Mr. Whitlock, 1 find you are so far right ; but you break-off in the middle of the Sentence, and omit these words, \or had suffered in the late Censures in the Star-Chamber, Exchequer, High-Commission, and other Judicatories'^ ; and I would fain know what ypu infer from this Tale, and what harm you see in it. Mr. Whitlock gave you the Names of sonie Honourable and never-to-be-forgotten Patriots, who resorted to these Commissioners, to whose names you ought to pay more deference, than to make a malicious Representation of their Visits and Conversation. The Earls of Essex, Bedford, Holland, the Lord Say, Mr. Hambden, Mr. Pym, &c. were Men, who with sad hearts beheld the Innovations in Religion and the infringing of Fun- damental Laws and Liberties in both Kingdoms. Surely, then, Doctor, with- out LETTER TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 129 out your license, such men as these, may lawfully consult what means are proper to support the Fabrick, when they see Religion and Justice, which are the Pillars of the Government^ to be undermined. But, say you, The Scots implored Aid Jrom the French King, by a of the Letter of the Lettn- under the Hands of many of their principal Actors. You theiiKmg/" ""* ^'■"'''' put-in an Appeal fjiage 2 5. J to the Reader, Whether his Majesty had not just Reason, after such Discoveries as these "were, to clap some of them in Prison ; and whether he had been to blame, if for such traiterous Cor- respondencies with a Popish Prince, he had chopt-off some of their Heads f I have a word or two which might be ofFer'd for stay of Execution of this hard Sentence, and desire to be heard, or, rather that the whole Kingdom of Scotland may be permitted to speak in this case. ' This is that French Letter (saith that ' Parliament') so much insisted-upon, as to open a Gate to let-in Foreign Power to * rule over England and.ourselves; which, by what Consequence it can be inferred, ' we would fain know ? TVhen a People is sore distressed by Sea and Land, is it ' unlawful, by the Law of God and Man, to call for Help from God and Man ? * Is there no Help nor Assistance by Intercession, by Supply of Money, &c. ? ' Is all Assistance by the Sword, and hy Men? We love not Shrouds nor * Disguisements, we speak the plain Truth, and fear nothing so much as that the ' Truth be not known. Great Forces by Sea and Land were coming upon us : * Informations went-abroad in other Nations, to the prejudice of Us and our ' Cause. This made us resolve to write unto the French King, apprehending that, * upon sinister Relation, his power might be used against Us. Aid and Assistaace * hath been given informer Times. If we have called now upon Denmark, Holland , ' Sweden, Poland, or other Nations for Help, are we therefore inviting them all * to a Soveraignty over us ? And^ when all is said or done, the Letter was but an * Embrye, forsaken in the Birth, as containing some unfit Expressions, and not ' agreeable to our Instructions, and therefore slighted by the Subscribers, but ' catch'd by this treacherous and secret Accuser of the Kingdom. Another Letter * was formed, consonant to the Instructions^ and signed by many Hands ; but ' neither was this sent from us, because we conceived that Mediation from France ' would be but late to avert the Danger which was so near. Jt is universally ' known, that it was written in May 1639, and^ therefore, ought to have been buried ' in the Pacification. We love not to harp upon Subscribing, cr sending, of Letters ' to other Princes, and to the Pope himself, from Examples of Old, and of Late, which ' are not hid from the Eyes of the World. It is sufficient to us to have justified our- ' selves, and to show how innocently the Lord Lowdon sufFereth, for putting his ' Hand to such a Letter, the Guiltiness or Innocence, not being personal or proper * to the Lord Lowdon, but national, and common to us all. And although it had ' been a Fault, and his alone, yet whatsoever it was, it did in time, and for a long ' time, go before his Commission and Employment ; and therefore ought not to * have been challenged till he had returned to his Country, had uncloathed himself of * iiis Commission, and turned again to be what he was before, a private Nobleman; The s ' Dignity ISO A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW * Dignity and Safety of Nations , Kingdoms, 'Estates, and Republicks, are much inter- ' ested in their Commissioners and Legates ^ (whether they be sent from one Prince to * another, or from a Kingdom, Province, or Republic, to their own Prince.) Their * Dignity ; for what is done to the Legate, is interpreted to be done to them that ' sent him. Their Safety ; because if L^_^<3fi?J be wronged, there can be no more com- * posing of Differences, nor possibility of Reconciliation,'— —Moreover, his Majesty's ' own Royal and inviolable Warrant for the coming of our Commissionert to his Pre- ' sence at this time, is enough for their Safe-Conduct and Security. If they have com- ' mitted any thing at home against their King, Country, or any particular Subject ; ' \he fundamental liberties and Independency of the Kingdom do require, that they be ' tried and judged at Home, and in a legal v/ay, by the ordinary Judicatories of the * Land.— — We earnestly intreat for their Liberty and Safety, who are to us as our- * sehes. Methinks, now, if the King, according to the rash Advice of you, their Majes- ties frantick Chaplain at Aldgate, should have chopped-ofF the Head of my Lord of Lowdon, one of the Scotch Commissioners, it would have offered Violence to the Peace and ^iet of his Mind all the Days of his Life, But, I must think again, his Lordship was a Presbyterian, a Heretich, who would not comply with the Church of England ; that considered, you could do it with the greatest Complacency, and 'twould (I am satisfied) be highly to your content, that the People had but one Neck, so that you might do their business at a blovir. The King's design of I remember that you told me, upon the occasion of my talking of Laud's sending beheading the Eail of tjjg ^y^^/f^ Common- Prayer-Bookto be approved at Rome, that you thonght 1 had Lowdon in the Tow- , „ . tit-i. i.ti_t-j 1 u- -.n u er, got a Secret. Whether 1 then had or not, you bnng one mto my Kemembrance, by your enquiry whether the King had been to blame, if he had chopped-off some of the Scotch Commissioners Heads ; and you shall have it. I have heard, and do believe, that the King, having, against all Justice, impri- soned the Earl of Lowdon ( one of the Commissioners from the Scotch Parliament ) in the Tower ; he, about three of the Clock in the Afternoon, sent his own Letter to Sir William Balfour, the Lieutenant of the lower, commanding him to see my Lord of LoTvdon's Head struck- off within the ^ower, before nine the next morning : Upon the Receipt of this Command, the Lieutenant of the Tower, that his Lordship might prepare for Death, gave him notice of it : He being surprized, (as well he might,) prevailed with Sir William to find-out the Marquess of Hamilton, (then in great favour with the King, and Master of the Horse) and to tell him, that he esteemed him to be engaged in Honour, to interpose in this matter. The Letter being thereupon carried and shewn to the Marquess, it struck him with Astonishment ; and, with no small difficulty, he made his way to the King, who was then in Bed, and butjibly enquired whether his Majesty had given such a Command for beheading the Earl of Lowdon ? the King answered. Yes, aHd I will be obeyed therein ; he shall die. The Marquess, finding him inexorable, told his Majesty, that he would kiss his Hand, and instantly take his Horse and be gone ; for he would not stay to see his -Majestymassacredj as most certainly he would be; forbefore the nextNight the whole City TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. ISl City would come upon him. Hereby the King was wrought-upon to hold his Hand, and countermand the fatal Warrant, This is so incredible a piece of 'Tyranny, that I cannot expect you should believe it upon my bare Assertion : I shall therefore shew you, that it seems to be pointed- atin Bishop Burnet's Memoirs, Page 161, in these words j ' There were some ill ' Imtruments about the King [Bishops, no doubt on't'] who advised him to proceed ' capitally against Lowdon ; which, it is believed, went very far: But the Marquess of * Hamilton opposed this vigorously ; assuring the King, that, if that were done, Scot- ' land was for ever lost. Now, if Curiosity shall lead you to enquire further into this matter, you may do well, to learn what is meant by the obscure Expression, [which, it is believed, went very far:~\ and, if that do not open the whole business to you, you will not fail of Satis- faction^ if you can, by any Friend, make way to the Original Papers, from which my Lord .Bishop of Salisbury took his Memoirs, and which now are in the Hands of his Grace the Duke of Hamilton. A word or two more about Scotland, and we will cast an Eye on jo\xr Impeash- ment against our own Nation. You very often term the Actions of that Kingdom, factious, seditious, rebellious, Iraiterous : Now let me shew you how the Stetth Par- liament defined Treason; ' We entreat our Adversaries {say they), to shew us in ' good earnest, and not by way of Railing, in what sense we have incurred the Cen- ' sure of Rebellion and Treason ; We cannot be moved to think, but the Mitre of ■ an usurping Prelate, by the Authority of a National Council, may be thrown to ' the ground without the Violation, or smallest Touch, of the Crown, or Scepter, of ' Imperial Majesty. To dethrone a Prelate, and to overturn Prelacy, we judge it ' no Treason against the King. Traitors to God and their Country, must be * Traitors to the King; and such as are faithful to God and their Country, must, be ' the King's best Subjects : The Right of his Majesty's Crown, and the Acts of * Parliament, command all the Subjects to rise with the King, and to assist him» ' when he riseth for God and the Country ; but no law, nor act of Parliament, for- * biddeth them to stand-up for God and the Country, in the case of publick Invasion. Take now, from Bp . Burnet's Memoirs, a true Account of these Scotch Troubles, which have now been so troublesome to you and me, and I'll return to Old England: ' The Lords of the Council (saith he,) Page 3 J , (not 782.) laid the greatest blame ' upon the Bishops, which appears from the Earl of Traquaire's Letter to the "Mar- ' quess of Hamilton, dated 27 -^ug. 1631. viz. ' At the meeting of the Council, 23d Instant, we found so much appearance of * Trouble and Stir like to be, amongst People of all Qualities and Degrees, upoti ' the urging of this New Service-Bcok, that we durst no longer forbear to acquaint * his Majesty therewith.— — Some of the leading Men of the Clergy ai-e so violent, ' and many times without ground or true Judgement ; that their want of right un- ' derstanding how to compass business of this nature and weight, doth often breed ' as many DifEculties ; and their rash and foolish Expressions and Attempts have ' bred such a Fear and Jealousy in the Hearts of many, that, if his Majesty were ' rightly informed thereof, he would blame them, and justly think that from them s 2 * arises 132 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW ' arises the ground of many Mistakes amongst us. [This Business, in good Faith, * is, by the Folly and Misgovernment of some of our Clergy, come to that height, that^ ' the like has not been seen in this Kingdom of a long time.^ No more of Scotland. Let's see what's next. You declare your Re- solution, to apply yourself to the Defence of what you had jormerly said in behalf of King Charles ; and proceed thus (Pag. 26.^ You say, That those Gracious Acts which I mention, vi)ere bought of him. And what then ? V/hat hath been more usual ever since Parliaments had a being in England ? Pray., look into the Statute-Booh, and tell me, what Gracious Favours can you find, bestowed by the several Kings of this Realm upon their People, that those People have not made their acknowledgments for them, by pre- senting their Sovereigns with great Sums of Money ? What ridiculous Stuff is this ? Gracious Acts, Gracious Favours, (^c. It hath been heretofore well observed, that some who call themselves Church-men, have left tl^eir Station to become ignorant and unhappy States-men, who have made the Church, and the Tenets thereof, an Instrument of Bondage to the Subject. These Men tell us, that Parliaments are not assembled to ease the Grievances of the Sub- ject, but to fill the Coffers of the Prince : These Men teach Princes, that all the Rights and Liberties of the Subject, and the maintenance of them, are Doles of Grace, and Gifts of meer Favour, proceeding from the Prince, ( and not the true Birth-right of the Subject, which they may truly challenge,) which are to be con- tinued or changed as Princes shall think fit. But, pray, let us see what these Gra- cious Acts, these Gracious Favours, were, which we bought, as in your Opinion we ought. They were Acts to declare the levying Money by way of forced Loan, Ship-Money, Coat and Conduct-Money, to be illegal, and against the undoubted Liberty of the Subject ; to suppress the most accursed and tyrannical Courts, called the Star-Chamber and High-Commission ; to bring a Traytor to Justice j to secure us of the sitting of a Parliament once in three Years, when the antient Laws gave N B. us a right to Annual Parliaments *, and when he had, to the high violation of those Laws, * The statute of the 4ith year of King Edward IIL, Chapter 14, A. D. 1331, is in these words; " Ensemeiit est accorde que Parlement soil tenu chacuu au une foitz ; ou plus, si mestier soit." That is, " Item it is accorded, that a Parliament shall be holdeu every year once ; and more often, if need be." And in the 36th year of the same King, Chap, 10., it is enacted as follows. " Item, " pour maintenance des dits articles et Estatutz, et redresser diverses mischiefs et grevances, qui " viegnent de jour en autre, soit Parlement tenu chacun an, siconinie autrefois estoit ordeign^ par " Esiatut." That is, " Item, for maintenance of the said articles and statutes, and redress of " divers mischiefs and grievances which daily happen, a Parliament shall be liolden every year, as " at another time was ordained by Siatute." And this statute was regularly observed to the end of the reign of the great King Edward the 3d, and through the greater part of the following reign of king Richard the 2d; as is clearly shewn by that learned and zealous friend to Publick Liberty, Mr. Granville Sharp, of the Middle Temple, in pages 159, l60, l6l, &c. 170, of a very able tract, intitled, " ^ Declaration of the People's Natural TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. Laws, kept us without a Parliament for about eleven Years. These Acts, say you, (their Majesties Malapert Chaplain at Aldgate,) are such Gracious Favours , that, if we will have them, we ought, in all Conscience, to buy them. But our English Parliaments have always been of another Mind ; and Sir Robert Cotton tells us, in the Life of King Henry the Third, That that King was told in full Parliament, that they would not pay his Debts, nor give him a Groat, postquam coepit esse dilapidator Jiegni, so long as he continued to destroy the Kingdom. And pray now, turn to your Bible, and tell me what Text there, doth warrant this your wild Opinion. Where are we now ? But t/iejy bought these Acts ; did they ? Pray, who had the disposal of the Money ? how was it laid out ? was it given to the King to do what he listed withal? No ; you know a great part of it was bestowed on the Scots, for the good Service they did in rebelling against their King, and putting two Kingdoms into a Flame. I did Natural Right to a Share in the Legislature;" of which a second Edition was printed in the year J 775, for Benjamin White, Bookseller, in Fleet-street. And, amongst the several instances which he has there cited of successive years, in each of which a new Parliament had been summoned by the King, by a new Writ of Election, he mentions some years in which two, or more, new Par- liaments had been summoned, by different Writs of Election, in the space of a single year, or without a royal Prorogation of the preceeding Parliament, to meet again at another day, in the course of the same year, as has been the practice for the last two Centuries. So that it may truly be affirmed, that, in those antient times, the people enjoyed the priviledge of electing new Repre- sentatives in Parliament, either once in every year, or more than once, if the King found it neces- sary to have a second Parliament, before the expiration of a year. This seems to have been a very useful and valuable Priviledge, as it tended very much to strengthen the connection between the Members of the House of Commons and their Constitu- ents, or Electors, of whom they are the Representatives, or, in the language of the Writ of Elec- tion sent to the Sheriff, the Attornies, or persons who have received from them, full and sufficient powers to consult with the King and his Council, upon the important matters relating to the state of the Kingdom, that shall be laid before them, and to .consent, on the behalf of their Constitu- ents, or Electors, to the resolutions that shall there be taken concerning them, " Ita quod Milites " plenam et sufficientem potestatem pro se et communitate Comitates praedicti, et dicti Gives et " Burgenses pro se et communitatibus Civitatura et Burgcirum, divisim, ab ipsis habeant ad faciendum "et consentiendum iis quae tunc de communi consilio (tavente Deo) ordmari contigerint super nego- " tiisante-dictis; ita quod, pro defectu hujusmodi protestatis, dicta uegotia iiittitcta non reraaneant " quovis modo." — See Elsyng's Method of holding Parliaments in England, pages 68 and 69. — For hence it seems evident, that, according to the Antient and Original Constitution of the House of Commons, there ought to be a general agreement, or concurrence of opinion, upon the Subjects, for the discussion of which the Parliament was to be assembled, between the Electors of the several Counties, Cities, and Boroughs, and the persons they were so to impower to represent them, and act for them : and, surely, that agreement, or concurrence, would be much more likely to take place, if the elections were to occur once, or more than once, in every year, than if they are renewed only once in the course of seven years, as may be the case according to the laws now in being. Nor, if this good old law were to be revived, would there be any danger of such violent and expensive. 133 134 A LETTER PROM GENERAL LUDLOW I did observe, (in my Letter to you,) that the King had, out of the Subjects Purse, in the first Year of tha Parliament, Nov. 1640, one Million and an half of Money. I also remember that the King, upon the Conclusion of the Treaty at Rippon, agreed to allow the Scots 850 /. per diem, and in answer to your question, I say, the King had the disposal of the Money ; and-, as to what part of it the Scots received, the King paid it to them, for his having done against all Law and Rea- son what he listed. And I will shew you from the Demand of that Nation, who ought to have paid the Reckoning. They say, ' We were constrained to take ' Arms for our Defence ; The War on our part was Defensive, and all Men do ' acknowledge, that in common Equity, the Defendant should not be suffered to * perish in his just and necessary Defence ; but that the Pursuer ought to bear the * Charges of the Defendant. The prevalent Faction of Prelates and Papists have * moved every Stone against us, ^nd used all sorts of Means, not only their Coun- * sels. Subsidies and Forces, but their Church-Canons and Prayers, for ouf utter ' Ruine ; which make them obnoxious to our just Accusations, and guilty of all ' the Losses and Wrongs which we have sustained. And, therefore, we may now, ' with the greater Reason and Confidence, press our Demand, that the Parliament, ' the Kingdom, and the King himself, may see us repaired in our Losses, at the ' Cost of that Faction, by whose Means we have sustained so much damage. We < will ■expensive, and often ruinous, contests at the times of Election, as are seen in the present mode of proceediug, when the general Elections occur only once iu about six years. For, as the Represen- tatives would be constantly disposed to cultivate the good opinion of tiieir Constituents, an^, by their conduct in Parliament, to promote their interests and wishes, as far as their own consciences and judgements would allow them, in order to be re-elected by them in the next year, it is pro- bable that there would be much fewer contested Elections, and changes of the Representatives, than there are at present. And from the harmony that would generally subsist, .between the Members of Parliament and their Electors, the Dignity and Respectability of the House of Com- mons would be increased, and the confidence of the people, in the wisdom and uprightness of their ■measures, would be restored ; and the resolutions that would be taken by them, would be generally allowed to be in reality, what tliey are now often called and pretended to be, true expressions, or declarations, of ihe Sense of the People at large, on the subjects to which they relate. It seems .probable, therefore, that the revival of this good old law, for cliiising new Parliaments every year, would be attended with very happy consequences, and give general satisfaction to the Nation. And, if this law for annual new Parliaments were to be revived, it seems reasonable that the day for the said annual Election, and likewise the day of the meeting of the Parliament for the dispatch of business, should be certain known days in the year, fixed by the Law, just as the first days of Hilary and Michaelmas Terms are in the King's Courts of Justice in Westminster-Hall, for the beginning of the sessions of the King's Judges in those Courts, for the decision of suits at law ; to the end that the Right and Duty of the two Houses of Parliament to assist, and concur with, theKing in the important business of making new laws, and repealing, or altering, old ones, as occasion should require, and of imposing new taxes upon the people, should not only be, but constantly appear to be, and be universally known to be, an essential, permanent, regular, and indispensable, part of the 'Constitution of the British Government, as much as the administration of justice by the King's Judges in his Courts at Westminster-Hall, and not a temporary and occajjonal instrument of govern- mentto be employed only at the King's pleasure, whenever he should think fit to have recourse to it ; and that no future King, who should happen to be infected with the malady of King Charles the First, " an inordinate love of arbitrary power, and a strong disposition to make himself an absolute Monarch TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. • 535 ' Will never doubt but the Parliament in their Wisdom and Justice, will provide * that a proportionable part of the Cost and Charges be born by the Delinquents. * "We wish the Justice of the Parliament may be declared, in making the Burden ■^ more sensible to the Prelates and Papists, than to others who never have wronged ' us, which will conduce much to the Honour of the King and Parliament.' Pag. 27. You take notice of my Charge ; that the King demurred to pass the Of the Bills for Bills for taking-away the Star- Chamber and High- Commission Courts, at the time ^!^'"8'"^^^y *!?=^.*3r- ■when he passed the Poll-Bill, though presented together to him for the Royal CommissLn-Couft. " Assent ; and demand whether he ought to have passed them, without a Why, or a Wherefore P No, by no means ; you talk now like a Rational Creature : We are then to look for the Why's and f'fherejbre's. You acknowledge, in your first Defence, that these Courts were Grievances to the Nation ; and I said, and by many sad Instances proved, that they were Arbitrary and Tyrannical Courts, Forges of Mi- sery, Oppression and Violence: There^s then a Why, for you Doctor. The Parliament agreed with the King, to give him the Poll-Bill to remove these ac- cursed Courts of Oppression and Tyranny ; There's also a Wherefore., Never- theless, though the Parliament voted that he should pass all the three Bills, or none at all ; he, snatching-up their Money, runs-away, and delays to pass the Bills for. . Monarch over liis people," should be tempted to tell his Parliament, as King Charles did his in the year 1627, " to remember that Parliaments are altogether in his power, and that therefore, as he finds the " fruits of them to be good or evil, they are to continue, or not to be :" as is shewn above in |)age 33. And, if this salutary old law were to be revived, the first day of the month of October in every year, (if it were not on a Sunday, and in that case, the 2d,) would probably be found to be a con- venient day for the proceeding to a general election ; and some day about the middle of the fol- lowing month of November, as, for example, the 17th, (if it were not on a Sunday, and, in that case, the I6th,) to be a convenient time for the meeting of the Parliament for the dispatch of business. The 17th of November was the Birth-day of that great Piincess, Queen Elizabeth, who governed the nation during forty-three years with great wisdom and justice, and in great liarniony with her Parliaments ; and, by their advice and assistance, dehvered the English nation a secornl time from the yolre of the Pope's authority, and the cruel persecutions that had been lately practised under it, -and established the Protestant Religion on a solid and lasting foundation ; and also caused the laws to be administered, in her Courts at Westminster-Hall, in a stable and uniform manner, by learned and upright Judges, well selected for the purpose, whereby property of every kind became more secure and valuable than it had ever been before ; and wlio likewise greatly encouraged and advanced the trade of the nation, and laid the foundation of its navigation and maritime power. These were great and eminent services to her subjects, which have justly made her memory dear to their posterity ; and, (to use the words of Mr. Thomas May, in the beginning of his excellent History of the last Parliament of King Charles the First,) tkey were accomplished by the justice and prudence of her government, hy mailing the right use of her subjects' hearts, hands, and purses, in a PMrliamentary yjay. It seems, therefore, that it would be only a just tribute to her merits and memory to make choice of her birth-day, the 17th of November, in every year, (being in a part of ithat month that is very convenient for that purpose,) for the first day of tlie meeting of the new- telectsd Pailiamejjt. ■abrogating N. B. 13Q A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW abrogating the Star-Chamber and High-Commission Courts; and yet you affirmed. That HE' READILY passed whatsoever Bills the Parliament offered to him for redress of the Nation's Grievances: And whether he did or not^ was the point in Controversy between you and me. The Earl of Straf- The next thing in course, is, (Page 28. ) the unhappy Earl of Strafford's Case ; in relation whereunto you, most learned Doctor, (whose head is swelled, like any Bladder, with Wind and Vapour,) do thus impeach the Lords and Commons ; — De not you know they were so little satisfied with the Legality of their Proceedings, that they in the very Bill [for his attainder] inserted a Clause, that this should not be made use of, as a Precedent for the time to come. This is well enough urged for a D. D. and is passable, the Man who utters it being considered : But I must tell you. Sir, what I have heard as wise a Man as you, say about this Clause, oitiot bring- ing it into Precedent ; that in such Cases it could not be otherwise, without leaving the same power to the Judges in Westminster-Hall, which, by the Statute of Ed- ward the Third, is entrusted only with the Parliament ; for that Statute, enume- rating all Treason cognizable by the Judges, reserves to the Parliament declarative Treason; as that which they [thel'arliament] might be safely entrusted with, though it could not be safely left in the Hands of any other Jurisdiction. And that this is the reason of-that Clause, I am told, no Lawyer, though never so much a Tory, will deny. Allow me now. Sir, seeing we are talking of Strqffcrd, to lay before you a pleasant Dialogue, which I find in Whitlock's Memoirs, page 41, between your three Martyrs, the King, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Earl of Strafford, together with the Lord Cottington, a Papist ; and that upon the 5th oi May, 1640, the very Day upon which the Parliament was dissolved, for their refusing to fur- nish Money to carry-on the wicked War, then resolved-upon against Scotland ; the Paper is intituled. His wicked advice to ^° ^i^nger of a War with Scotland j ' if Offensive, not Defensive. • King Charles. How can we undertake Offensive War, if we have no Money ? ' Earl of Strafford. Borrow of the City 100,000/. go-on vigorously to levy ' Shif -Money ; your Majesty having tryed the Affection of your People, you are * absolved and loose from all Rule of Government, and to do what Power will admit : * Your Majesty having tried all ways, and being refused, shall be acquitted before ' God and Man. And you have an Army in Ireland, that you may employ to reduce ' this Kingdom to Obedience : For I am confident the Scots cannot hold-out five ' Months. ' jirchbishop. You have tried all ways, and have already been denied ; IT IS ' NOW LAWFUL TO TAKE IT BY FORCE. ' Lord Cottington. Leagues abroad there may be made for the Defence of the ' Kingdom ; the Lower House are weary of the King and Church : [The Enemies of ' Popery, were even in that Day Common-wealths-men']. ' All wa,ys shall be just * to raise Money by, in this inevitable Necessity, and are to be used, being lawful. ' Archbishop. For an Offensive, net a Defensi'de, War. ' Strafford. TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. j3Y ' Strafford. The Town is Ml of Lords : put the Csmmission of Array on Foot; * and, if any of them stir, We will make 'em smart. Now you will readily agree that this is no Sham ; in regard it comes from Mr. U^hitlock, whom you quote four or five times. Besides, I ^assure you, that it was given in Evidence upon Oath, at the Earl of Strafford's Tryal ; and (which further evinces the Truth thereof,) the King instantly required the Loan of the City of London, as here advised ; and, for refusal to comply therein, Ludlow tells you, page 1 7, he imprisoned Sir Stephen Soame, Sir Nicholas Rainton, and other eminent Citizens. And were not these Halcion Days ? were not these a rare set of blessed Saints ? Page 32. You lash me for my relation of the King's tampering with Of Goriog's Plot, the Army, to curb the Parliament and subdue them to his Will, and you say, that J tell a Story o/^Piercy and Goring, &c. such a one as the Faction nioas VQont to make use-ofupon all occasions^ to amuse and heat the People \ but the hest of it is, there are so many incredible Things (you say) in the Account, that I must tell you it hath not gained upon my belief at alL jimongst the rest, you tell us that two of the Parties concerned confess ** that all the French that were about the Town, were to be mounted. " But 4hat which is the Nicker, is, that the Clergy would raise 1000 Horse to assist them ; andyet this conspiracy was under an Oath of Secrecy : And VER Y LIKEL Y INDEED ! TFHEN SO MANY CLERG YMEN MUST BE ACQUAINTED WITH IT. Surely, Sir, you have a mighty Opinion of yourself Surely, Sir, you have a very bad Opinion of your Brethren of the Cassock> or else a most weak way of arguing ; and the more you say, the more you dis- cover your Rashness and want of Judgement : The Clergy will not con you Thanks for representing them to the World as Blabs of their Tongues^ to the prejudice of the Cause of Mother-Church ; as an Order of Men, who may not be trusted with a Secret, committed to them under a strict Oath. But this Story (you say) has not gained upon your Belief. — Who can help it ? Our Saviour con- verted many, of divers States and Conditions/to the Faith; but we do not find that he ever converted a Priest. — ^That the Bang did tamper with the Army^ to bring them against the Parliament, as I relate it, appears most evidently in Whitlock's Mer/ioirs, Page 44, and also by the several InformationSj Examinations and Con- fessions upon Oath, (before a Committee of the House of Lords) of the Parties engaged in it, most of them Men of Quality, and highly in favour with the King. You may read them at large in Husbands' s exact Collections (a Book in esteem with you) beginning at Page 220. I there find that the two Parties who confessed "that the French about the Tovra were to be mounted, and that the Clergy were to find 1000 Horse," were Lieutenant-Colonel Ballard au4 Captain Chudleigh. But, in T regard 1S8 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW regard you have taken the Pains to relate what his Majesty's Declaration said to this Point ; I shall, for the setting the matter in its true Light, transcribe a brief Account thereof from the Declaration of the Parliament, (which you most rudely call the Faction) as you will find it in Husbands^ s Collections, Page 200. There, speaking of the intended Force upon the Parliament, they declare themselves thus : * Certainly we have' been more tender of his Majesty's Honour in this point, ' than he, whosoever he was, that did write his Majesty's Declaration ; where he ' calls God to witness " he never had any such Thought, or knew of aiiy such Re- ' solution of bringing-up the Army," which truly will seem strange to thosewhoshall ' read the Depositions of Mr. Goring, the Information of Mr. Fierty, and the Exami- ' nation of Mr. Wilmot, Mr. Pollard, and others ; with the other Examination of ' Capt. Legg, Sir Jacob \Ashley, and Sir John Conyers : and consider the Condi- ' tion and Nature of the Petition, which was sent unto Sir Jacob Ashley, under * the Approbation of C. R. which his Majesty doth now acknowledge to be his * own Hand ; and, being full of Scandal to the Parliament, might have proved "' dangerous to the whole Kingdom, if the Army should have interposed betwixt * the King, and them, as was desired.' Of the Tumults at You tell me, page 43, That / have been so bold in my Assertion about the Tumults, that 1 give the Lie to almost all the Historians that have writ the Trans- actions of those Times ; and you refer me to the Fbtes of the Common-Council^ Dec. 31, 1641. Now, because you are short in the Relation of that Matter, I shall give it you as it is in Husbands' s Collection,'^zge SO. The Lord Newburgh, upon Dec. 31, 1641, delivered a Message from his Majesty to the Common-Coun- cil, to this effect ; ' There having been of late many tumultuary Assemblies about * Whitehall and Westminster, the King recommended to their Care the preventing ' the like Tumults ; and declared, That he was so well assured of the good Aifec- ' tions of the City, that he could in no wise understand it to have any share in 'the Fault of these Tumults, but that they proceed meerlv from the mean and ' unruly People of the Suburbs, ^c. Hereupon the Common-Council returned Answer, ' That they had no hand in ' these tumultuous Proceedings, and disavowed the same; and promised their best ' Endeavours to prevent and suppress, in time to come, all such tumultuous As- ' semblies, and all mutinous, rebellious. Persons : And they humbly desired, that * all the Delinquents, and Causers of Tumults, , being apprehended, may receive * condign Punishment. x4.nd, • They ordered every Member of the Common-Council to make it known, ' That, if any Person should neglect his Duty of Watch and Ward, ^c. and not * do his best Endeavour to suppress, or prevent, Tumults, he shall receive condign ' Punishment.' N0W3 Sir, I appeal to all Mankind, whether this doth any way serve your Pur- pose? You refer to the Votes of the Common- Council, and would thence argue, that TODfi, HOLLINGWORTH. 159 that the King was necessitated, by reason of the Tumults, to leave ffhhehall. But the contrary is most evident, from the King's Message, and the Answer and Reso- lutions of the City, The King declares, That he was well-assured of the good Affections of the City, and that they had not any share in the Fault of the Tu- mults, but that they proceeded merely from the mean and unruly People of the Suburbs. The Common-Council promises to prevent and suppress all Tumults, and commands strict Watch and Ward to be kept to that purpose. And might not the King have been hereby persuaded, that he was in no danger from Tumults? Were not these Votes a full Security against Fear from such Disorders for the future ? No doubt but they were ; but the King had other Designs than those of Pea<:e in his Head. I told you of his Majesty's fortifying Whitehall, and that armed Men sallied-out thence, reviling, menacing, and wounding, many Citizens passing-by with Petitions to the Parliament -, and that, when the Parliament and People complained of those Assaults, the King justified the Authors thereof; so ,that I must needs conclude (as I did before) that the tumults were made at White- hall, by the King's own People ;, that all his fear of Tumults, was but a mere Pfetence and- Occasion taken, of his resolved Absence from the Parliament, that he might turn his flashing at the Court-Gate, to slaughtering in the Field. Page 44. You tell me, that another Calumny wherewith I reproach the Memory King Charles's un- of King ChixXes, is his unwillingness to issue-out his Proclamations against '^^ -^'^'•f^c7aim^the'IHsh''M'8- 22lf^f /j ; and when he did issue it, he gave order that only 40 copies of it should be sacrers to be Rebels. printed. Youthen say. The truth of it is, that, if this Story was true, it would bean inexcusable Fault in the King; but, to Refute me, you transcribe his Majesty's own Vindication of himself, which saith, that he was in Scotland when the Rebellion brohe-forth, that he immediately recommended the care of that business to the Parliament here ; • — ■ That, if no Proclamation issued sooner (of which for the present he was not certain, but thinks that others were issued-out before), it was, because the Lords-Justices of Ireland desired them no sooner, and, when they did, the number of copies of it which they desired might be printed, was but twenty. Now, in Truth Sir, this doth little mend the matter ; 'tis most strange that the King should publish to all the World in Print, that he thinks other Proclamations were issued before ; he might, without doubt, have easily been at a certainty in this point: For, had there been any such thing, his Council-Books, his Secretary of State, his Clerks of the Council, would have remembered him thereof ; but, to this day, no such thing hath appeared, nor ever will. And, 'tis a poor excuse to say, that the Proclamation was no sooner issued, because not sooner desired. We, of this Age, do remember in what manner our Late Princes (their Father's own Sons) have pursued the least suspicion of Rebellion : You know that King Charles the Second, upon the pretence of a Plot, in the year 1683, was so far from deferring, by the space of three months, to issue a Proclamation against his own Son, the Duke oi Monmouth, that we had it in three days ; and I do thjnk there were rather forty Thousand than forty copies of it Printed ; for, after we had had it by itself, for the better spreading T 2 thereof. 140 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LODLOW •thereof, it was published in the Gazette ; and the like course, you well know, was taken by the late King James ; First, in the case of the Duke of Monmouth, and then in that of the Prince of Orange. But I will shew you what the Parliament said in this case of the Irish Rebels, in a Declaration in 1 642. ' That, when the Lords and Commons had, upon the first breakihg-out of the ' Irish Rebellion, immediately sent-over 20,000/. and engaged themselves for the ' reducing of the Rebels, yet the King, after his Return from Scotland, was not • pleased to take notice of it, until after some, in the House of Commons, had ' truly observed, how forward his mischievous Counsellors were to incite him against * his Protestant Subjects of Scotland, and how slow to resent the proceedings of ' his Papist Traytors in Ireland, * That, althbugh the Rebels had most impudently styled themselves, The Queens ' Army, and profest that the Cause of their Rising was, to maintain the King's ' prerogative, and the Queens Religion, against the Puritan Parliament of Eng- ' land ; and that thereupon the Parliament advised his Majesty to wipe-away this ' dangerous scandal by proclaiming them Rebels ; which then would have weak-r ' ened the Conspirators in the beginning, and have encouraged both the Parlia- ' ment here, and good People there, the more vigorously to have opposed their • proceedings ; yet no Proclamation was set-forth to that purpose, till almost three * months after the breaking- out of this Rebellion, and then Command was given, that ' but forty should be Printed, nor they published, till further directions should be • given by his Majesty. He hinders the Par- ' That the Parliament and Adventurers had long since designed 5000 Foot, ''?^s1n'/thrirish' ' ^'^ -^^ Ho^e for the Relief of Muntter,xo be sent under the Command of the Rebellion. * Lptd Wharton : but no Commission could be obtained from his Majesty; wherc- * by Lymerkk was wholly lost. ' That, when divers well-afFected persons had prepared twelve Ships and six ' Pinnaces, with more than lOOOLand-Forces, at their own charge, for the service ' of Ireland^ and desired nothing but a Commission from his Majesty to enable ' them thereunto; That Commission, after twice sending to York for the same, ' was likewise denied. ' That, although the Lords-Justices of Ireland have, three Months since, earnestly • desired to have two pieces of Battery sent-over for that Service, yet such Cora- ' mands are given to the Officers of the Tower, that raorae of hijs Majestie's Ord- ' nance must be sent to save his Mysstie's Kingdom. ' That the King's Souldiers took-away, at one time, six hundred Suits of * Clbaths ; and at another time three hundred Suits ; which were sent by the ■* Parliament for the poor Souldiers in Ireland. * That the Rebels did lately send a Petition to his Majesty, intitling them- *" selves TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. j 4 j ^ selves his Majestie's CathoHck Subjects of Irehnd, complaining of the Puritan Par- ' liament of England, and desiring, that, since his Majesty comes not thither^ according ' to their expectation^ they may come into England to his Majes'y. You come (page 46) to Examine, who were the first Beginners of the War, and say, ^he Parliament did really, and in deed, first draw the Sword, and sound the Trum- pet to Battle fVhereas the King set-up his Standard at'i:^onmgha.m, in August, did not the Lords and Commons, in June before, make an Order for bringing-in of Money, or Plate, to maintain Horses, Horsemen, and Arms ? And did not the King, long before, in the beginning of the year 1 642, when The King made pre- all things were in perfect Peace, send-over the Crown-Jewels, to buy Arms and parations for the Ammunition m Holland f Did not he, at that time, write to the King of Denmark, Hg^^^l^"^ ^ ^ ^^' complaining of theParliament, and asking Supplies from him, adpropulsandos Hastes, to subdue his Enemies ? You were told of these things before : but you will not touch them. I shall not therefore trifle-away more time with you, upon this point of the first beginning of the War ; only I will mind you, that the King, upon the /^h of July 1 642, Rende%vovsed an Army at Beverly in Yorkshire, though the Parliament did not Vote the raising of an Army till the 12th. And, which is more, I will give Assembling an Army you the name of the first Martyr who fell in that War in defence of the Laws and at Beverly 4th July, Liberties of his Country i "twas one Percival, of Kirkman, Shalme, in Lancashire ; he was Murdered the 15th oi July 1643, near Manci ester, by the King's Forces, uiider the Command of the Lord Strange, Son to the Earl of Derby; for which that xhe first man killed Lord was impeached in Parliament. You may see a parucular Account of this,. in on the side ot the Par- Jl^flj's History of the War, page 109. in Husbands's Collections, 611. and in i?aj^.ii*«^'"'J"'y»2.i642. worth's Collections, 3d. Part. Vol. 1st. p. 680. Well ; I see, to my Comfort, that we shall soon draw to a Conclusion : You say, p. 49. 1 have answered your Grand Impeachments and Accusations of, this great and. Excellent Prince : As for the ether things, with which ycu stufft your Libell, I say,, alas ! Sir, ym must not think to catch seme Birds, (and there are, thanks be to God, great numbers of them in the Kingdom) with such Choffe as this. There are indeed, in England, a great many kinds of Birds, and of Beasts also,, and a great many of every kind ; and, before we part, we will a little recreate our- selves with some of them. You must not thihk to catch such Birds with Chaffe : A witty Conceit, upon my word ; and, had your dull fancy chopt-upon this other flight, neither must Chickens think to feed Capons, it would have made you as proud as a Peacock, and you would have clapt your Wings, and crowed like any fighting Cock, at the wit of the Expression ; But (begging pardou of your Gravity) I will tell, you, that it hath been observed, that, of all Creatures in the Creation, the Owle of Birds, and the Ass of Beasts, are the most grave ; and Sir IPilliam Temple, in his ' Memoirs of what passed in Christendom from 1 672, to 1679, page 57, saich, that ' Old Prince Maurice of Nassau, when he was about 76 years of Age (having ever • passed for an honest and pious man,) informed him, that, when he was Governor ■ of. 142 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW * of Brasily he heard df a Parrot^ that spoke, and asked, and answered common * questions like a reasonable Creature, and (though he believed nothing of it,) his * curiosity led him to send for it ; That, when it came first into the Room where ' the Prince was, with a great many Dutchmen about him, it said presently. What a ' Company of While Mtn are here ? They asked it, what he thought that Man was ? ' pointing to the Prince i it answered, Some Genital or other ; the Prince asked it, * whence came you ? It answerea^yroOT Marinnan ; the Prince, to whom do you belong? ' The Parrot, to a Portugueze j Prince, what do you do there ? Parrot, Ilovkafter the ' Chickens ; the Prince laughed and said, you look after the Chiik:m ? The Parrot ' answered, yes I, and I know well enough how to do it, and made the Chuck four or * five times, that People use to make to Chickens when they call them. Now, one would hope that this pretty Bird, which discoursed so rationally, might put a braying Beast to silence, if any thing but pulling-out the Asse's Tongue could do it : You see,Doctor, that this Understanding Parrot could distinguish White fr cm Black, knew its own Capacity, and undertook no other Task than it could well per- form, crying Chuck, Chuck, Chuck, to the Chickens very pertinently ; (which is more than you dotoyour Birds;) — thatthisingeniouSjfair-dealing,Parro/, when it talked with the Prince, (not thinking it would pass for an answer to have told him, ycu must not think to catch su,ch Birds as me with Chaff,) came close to the point, and gave direct and sensible Answers to plain and honest Questions ; whereas you prevaricate in a most shameful manner, and prate, as though you were only fit for the Conversa- tion of a Flock of Magpies, Jack Jaws, Woodcocks, Owles, and Buzzards. 'Tis evident that your itch of Vain-glory, apd unparalleled Confidence, makes you af- firm^ that you have answered me ; and you would fain be thought to have said all that can be said, when you hardly say any thing, but blate what you know nothing of; you have heaped-up together many Impertinencies, abundance of Rubbish and Trifles, but treated of nothing with Solidity and Judgement, nor so much as touched the Tenth part of the matters charged in my Letter ; but in your natural levity, skipping them over, would persuade the Birds of your Feather, (I gave you their names but now) that, as Chaff, you make them (o vanish with a puff of your mouth. But, indeed, when I consider how miserable a Wretch of an answerer you do here render yourself, and yet how you persist still in your huffing and strutting, and do more and more revile and rail, I cannot (especially seeing it relates to one of your own Birds) but present you with another piece of Mr. Marvel's profane Wit, as you, call it ; 'I have seen (saith he) with some pleasure, the Hawking at the ' Magpye ; the poor Bird understands very well the terrible pounces of that Vulture, * but therefore she chatters amain most ruefully, and spreads and cocks'her tail, so * that one that first saw and heard the sport, would think that she insulted over the ' Hawk in that Chatter, and huffed her Train in token of Courage and Victoryj ' when, alas ! tis all from her fear, and another way of crying the Hawke, mercy; ' and to the end that, the Hawke, finding nothing but Tail and Feather to strike-at, " she may so perhaps shelter her Body. I have been too long trifling at this Boys Play of Bird-catching ; I return now to a more manly Recreation, and, having al- ready TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 14J ready dispatched the Wild Boar, the fierce Tiger, and the dull Ass, I pass by the •Monkey.) the Afe, the Baboon., and that great Herd of the many, other despicable Animals, and will a little hunt x!a!t barking Woolf. Quoth you. Doctor, (page 50.") I am ready to take my leave of you ; but, before we part, I must needs reckon with you upon the scor^ of a Reflection you have made upon my- self: you are pleased to say, you understand I was a Presbyterian Minister /« Essex; ■zvhich words have almost forced me to a smile. Now, if 1 were mistaken as to your being a Presbyterian Minister in Essex, you are not to make yourself too merry with it, nor may you deny your having changed your Opinion from what It formerly was. For you know there are many of your Contemporaries in the University of Cambridge, who knew you to be a Presbyterian there : and I could name you an honest Gentleman now in being, who, you know, hath reason to be acquainted with all the stepg you have taken from your youth ; and he saith, that you left the University upon a dislike of the Ceremonies ; and persisted in that dislike, till you found there was no Preferment to be got, but by Conformity ; so that I may with truth say, you are one of Dr. Wild's Changelings, and that he gave us. your exact Marks, when he thus described you in his Poem, failed, The Recantation of a Penitent Proteus^,. or, the Changeling. * My Conscience first, like Balaam's Ass, was shy. Boggled and Winc'd : which when I did espy, I cudgel'd her, and spur'd her on each side. Until the Jade her Paces all could ride. When first I mounted on her tender Back, She would not leave the Protestant Dull Rack,, Till in her Mouth the Covenant-Bit I got,. And made her learn the Presbyterian Trot. 'Twas a hard Trot, and fretted her ;, alas ! The Independent Amble easier was j I taught her that, and out of that to fall To the Tantivy of Prelatical, Now with a Snaffle, or a twined Thread, To any Government she'll turn her head : I have so broke her, She will never start, And that's the meaning of my Broken heart, • The Doctor- saith,. P. 51,of 2d Defence, 1 took time to Consider the Nafore and Terms of Conformity; 'iiilmh, by my former Educatio/i, J mas ■wholly a Stranger to, Cambridge 1*4 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW Camhridge I left with grief, and great disgrace. To seek my Fortune in some other place. And that Imight the better save my stsdce, / took an Order, and did Orders take. Amongst Conformists I myself did list, A Son o'th Church as good as ever jMSt ; But tho' I bow'd, and cring'd, and cross'd, and all, I only got a * Vicaridge very small. Oh ! I am almost mad: 'twould make one so. To see which way Preferment's game doth go. 1 ever thought I had her in the Wind; And yet I'm cast above three years behind. Three times already I have turn'd my Coat ; • Three times already I have chang'd my Note. I'll make it Four, and four-and-Twenty more. And turn the Compass round, e're I'll give-b're. Ambition^ my great Goddess and my Muse, Inspire thy Prophets all such Arts to use As may exalt ; betwixt this and my Grave, A Mitre, or a Halter, I must have. Tell me. Ambition ! pry'thee, tell me why, 'So many Dances, Doctors, and not I ? ^ Scarlet Gown I must and will obtain ; I cannot else Commence a Priest in Grain. -If this Poet's Ecclesiastical Fencilhas not drawn you to the Life, you shall see that Lay Prosecomes pretty near you ; Mr. Marvel, ( whom I choose always to ply you with, above all other Authors, ) describes you thus : * He was sent to Cambridge to be bred-up to the Minisfa-y ; There, in a short ' time, he entered himself into the Company of some young Students, who were * used to Fast and Pray weekly together; he pick'd Acquaintance with the Brother- * hood, and train'd himself up in attending upon their Sermons and Prayers, till he * had gained such Proficience, that he too began to Exercise in the Meetings, and * by Preaching Mr. Baxter's Sermons, he got the Reputation of one of the Precious- * est young Men in the-University : But, when thus, after several years Approbation, * he was even ready to have taken the Charge, not of an Admiring Drove, or Herd, + The Yicaridge oiWestkam in Esse-x, ' as TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 1 45 * as he now calls them, but of a Flock, upon him ; by great misfortune to him, the ' King came-in. Nevertheless he broke not off yet from his former habitudes ; he ' persisted, as far as in him was, ( that is, by Praying, Caballing, and Discoursing) ' to obstruct the Restoring of the Episcopal Government, Revenues, and Autho- ' rity ; insomuch that, being discountenanced, he went-away from the University * withwjut his Degree, scrupling, forsooth, the Subscription then required : From ' thence he came to London, where he spent a considerable time in creeping into * all Comers and Companies, horoscoping up and down concerning the duration * of the Government, not considering any thing as best, but as most lasting and ' profitable j and, after having many times cast a Figure, he at last satisfied himself> * that the Episcopal Government would endure as long as he lived ; and from ' thence-forward cast-about how to be admitted into the Church of England, and ' find the High-way to her Preferments. In order to this, he daily enlarged not ' only his Conversation, but his Conscience, and was made free of some of the ' Town- Vices ; imagining, like Muleasses, King of Tunes, that by hiding himself ' among the Onions, he should escape being traced by his perfumes : Ignorant *" and mistaken Man ! that thought it necessary to part with any Virtue to get a ' Living ; or that the Church of England did not require and encourage more * sobriety than he could be guilty of. But neither was this yet, in his opinion^ suffi- ' cient ; and therefore he resolved to try a shorter Path, which some few men have ' trod not unsuccessfully ; that is, to Print a Book ; and, if that would not do, to ' print a Second ; and, if that also would not do, a Third, and so forward ; to give * Experience of a keen style, and a ductile Judgement : After this, he was ready to * leap-over the Moon ; No scruple of Conscience could stand in his way, and no ' Preferment seemed too high for his Ambition.' In the next place, Doctor, you spit your Venom, and that even against tl^eir Majesties ; page 5i, you say, Since the late Persecution in Scotland by that Party of Men fthe Presbyterians], it is a greater scandal, to be called a Presbyterian than it was before. I here observe, with what Reverence and Duty you speak of your Superiours and their Actions, when they are not so happy as to please you : this last thing is ut- tered most scandalously, and with a leering reflection- upon the Government ; and 'tis a dangerous thing, I perceive, for their Majesties to lose your favour. When you talk, page 15, of the Accursed Court of Star-Chamber, you do it with great Modesty and Manners, saying. If it be lawful for a private Person, as I am, to pass a Judgement upon the publich Actions of a then Legal Court. But here ("the King and Queen, seeming to be fallen into disgrace with you,) you assume the im- pudence to call their establishing Presbytery by Act of Parliament, A Persecution ; So that, what the Scots said, in the year 1640, they may well repeat at this day j All means (said they) are used to disgrace this Kirk ; Books, Pasquils, honouring if our Cursed 'Bishops, advancing of our deposed Ministers, &c. u 'Twas, 146 A LETEER ERDM GENERAL LUDLOW 'Twas, it should seem, scandalous in some measure, to be a persecuted Presby- terian, in the two By-paist Reigns ; but (ia your Opinion, Doctor,) 'tis so in a much higher degree, to be a Presbyterian, now that Presbytery has the Royal Favour, and is' settled by Act of Parliament : and yet you. Sir, did heretofore esteem it no longer scandalous to be of the Church of England, than till she obtained a legal Establishment, and I can tell you the exact day when it became a scandal to you to be called a Presbyterian', 'twas Bartholomew day, 16.62, the day when the Act of Uniformity took place, and, would a man take the liberty which you do, I should say, when the Bishops Persecution was revived in England. Well, 'Tis a Scandal to he a Presbyterian ; aiidit will puzzle a man to find-out ■what you are : for you seem to esteem it a Persecution, that you may not compel all men to be of the Church of England, and yet you say, page 52, It is true. Sir. I have always been kind to Dissenters, and when the^reat Storm [in plain English, Persecution] eight or nine Years agOp fell upon the Dissmters, I preserved my own Parish from Charge and Trouble, to the great endangering of myself. Alas ! good Man, did you so, and yet, do they abuse you ? pray, was all this kindness for naught? did not you interlope with Dr. Pinfold? I have been told that you ought to have said, that what you did in that day, was to the great enriching of Viourself, and that you had your Wh^s and your Wherefore's for your kindness to the Dissenters ; that you' received a constant Contribution from such of them as 7oii preserved hova Doctors' Commons; and I know that it may be made-out, that a Collection was made amongst them, by Mr. Ogden and Mr. Webster, to raise the Money for to defray your Charges of commencing Doctor ; and is it iiot an Act of foolish Prodigality in you, to throw-ofF such generous Benefactors -as these ? Havirig'thus Examined your Second Defence, I shall now. Sir, recount the heads of sortie things v/hich you asserted in your First, and which, being answered by me, you pasS-o\-er in silence. You affirmed, page 7th of your first Defence, that the Parliament in their Re- monstrance, Dec. ] 641, made Reflections upon the King's former Government, iinmannerly and false; and that ike King answered it and vindicated himself from those horrid aspersions, wherewith they loaded him : Now, page 35, I denied the falsehood thereof, and said, thfit the King only answered it, in saying, We shall, in few words, pass-over that part of the Narrative wherein the misfortunes of this Kingdom, from our first entering to theCroivn, to the beginning^of this Parlia- ment, are remembered in so sensible expressions. You asserted, ,.page 12, that the King coidd, by good Evidence, prove, the L.ord. Mandevile, Mr. Holies, Sir Arlhur Haslerig, Mr. l-fambden, Mr. Pjjm, and Mr. Strode, Members of the Houseof Commons, to be Gidltyof Treason; Page 37, ^c. 1 gave you the full History of ihat matter, and shewed that the King retracted that ■'■{ish accusation; which, I see^.is more than you will do, though good manners^ one would TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 14,-7 would think, should oblige you thereto, and to beg pardon especially of the Right Honourable, the present earl of Manchester, as he is a Peer of the Realm ; and of the Right Honourable, the most eminently-deserving Patriot, Mr. Hambden, as he is Chancellour of their Majestie's Exchequer, and one of their most Honour- able Privy-Council, for such a horrid slander brought upon their highly-deserving Families. But you find it a grievous thing to forego a falsehood that is serviceable to your great undertaking. You affirm, page 26, first Defence, that the Scots sold the King to the English Parliament. I denied it, page 67, and shewed, that the Scotf might, with the con' sent of the Parliament, have taken him home to his Native Country ; hut that they refused it, fearing he might raise new Commotions thei^e ; and you have not thought fit toTontradict me in this neither. You, amongst other gracious concessions of the King's, wherein you glory, speak, pa. 11, 1st. Defence ; of his consenting to a Treaty at Uxhridge. I (page 61 ) mentioned many things relating to that Treaty ; and, to shew the King's insincerity in his pretensions of Peace, gave a Relation how that, at the very instant of that Treaty, he used all imaginable means, to bring, not only 10,000 Lorrainers, but the Irish Cut-Throats, against the Parliament ; That he declared himself resolved to adhere not only to the Bishops, but also to the Papists, &c. These are Reproaches which you ought to wipe-off, if you would defend this King to 9ny purpose : but you touch them not. View, now, I beseech you, the Heads of many of the Articles of njisgovern- An enumeration of ment, which I recounted, and which you have overlookt, only saying, in relation ^^y^''*! high acts of to them, some Birds are not to be catcht with such Chaffe ; and then I shall have done, ^mmitted'by^lang Charles. ' I. King Charles I. favoured Popery. By his Marriage- Articles he agreed, that ' Papists should not be molested ; he put above a hundred Popish Lords and ' Gentlemen into great Trusts. * II. His Bishops were unsound in their principles ; In particular. Laud allowed ' Books which favoured Popery, but refused to License Books written against it. ' Elis Chaplains endeavoured to reconcile Englaitd to Rome, and got preferment « by it. * III. He 'lent Ships to the French King to destroy the Protestants of Rochelle, ' which (as the Frendi boasted,) mowed the Hereticks down like Grass. « IV. He Raised an Army, and required the Country to furnish Coat and Con- * « duct Money ; and Levied Money by way of Loane, and the Refusers of the . ' meaner Rank (Men of Quality being imprisoned) were compelled to go for Soul- * diers, or to serve at Sea, ' V. He Suspended and Confined the Archbishop of Canterbury (not Laud, but * Dr. Abbot) because he refused to make that good by Divinity, which the King V 2 ' had 248 A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW • ' had done against the Laws. He imprisoned Dr. Williams, Bishop if Vnxcola, ' for speaking against the Loane, and not prosecuting Puritans. ' VI. He turned-ouf the Lord Chief Justice Crew, for opposing the Loane. ' Vn. He remitted SOjOOO/. to Holland, for the Levying Horse and Men there, * to serve his Arbitrary purposes. * Vin. He violated the Petition of Rights so soon as it was passed into a Law. * IX. He confined the Earl 0/ Bristol near two, years, without any Accusation; * and he Imprisoned the Earl of Arundel in the time of Parliament^ without ex- * pressing any Cause of his Commitment. ' X. He sheltered the Buke of Buckingham, when he was Prosecuted in Parlia- * ment, as the Patron of a Popish Faction ; and he Dissolved Parliaments when * they were intent upon the Duke's Prosecution, and charged him in effect with ' the Murder of King James : In Relation thereunto. Sir Edward Peyton, who was * a Member of Parliament in that time, doth thus express himself in a Treatise * called the Divine Catastrophe ; The Duke of Buckingham rewarded King yames ' by Poyson, as appeared plainly in Parliament, by the Evidence of divers Phy- * sicianSj especially Dr. Ramsey ; and King Charles, to save the Duke, dissolved ' the Parliarfient when he was Impeached for it, and never after had the Truth * Tryed, to clear himself from confederacy, or the Duke from so heinous a * scindal. ' iL He Imprisoned Members of Parliament in the time of Parliament, for re- * fusing to Answer out of the Parliament, what was said and done there, &c. ' Xn. He threatened the House of Commons, that, if they did not give him ' Supplies, He would betake himself to New Counsels ; he asserted, that Parliaments * were altogether in his Power j and therefore, as they humour d him, were to continue ^ * or not to be. ' You may here see, Sir, to your shame (had you any), what a small advance you have made, in the defence of that Cause which you so briskly engaged-in ; and how much of your Work you have devolved upon your better Pens. Before I take my leave of you, I shall observe how little you, the mighty defender of PrinceSj are to be relied-upon ; for, though you tell their Majesties, in the Dedica- tion of ypiur first Defence, that you wrote it to secure them from Danger • and the most Reverend, Right Reverend, &x. had your word for it, in your Dedication of this Second Pamphlet, that you had nothing more in your aim, in putting it out, than to preservi the present Government in Church and State ; (A most commendable and iiighly-meriting Undertaking, upon my word) yet, (which is a melancholy consideration) you, their Majesties great Preserver, who so bravely engaged never ito drop the Cause as long as you could hold :a pen, do ngw flinch -and give ground, .and, as vanquished h-f a grey-headed Men ivijb one foot in the Grave ("as joa TO DR. HOLLINGWORTH. 149 you Confess me to be) you say, page 13, that you will not give yourself the trouble of Answering me [a decrepit, crazy Adversary] but will spare yourself the labour because you understand it is recommended to a better hand. It is astonishingly strange that you, this vaunting Goliah, who came-out strutting in a gigantic garb of Pace and Language, and veith a terrible look, to aqj: a piece of Ecclesiastical Knight- Errantry ; that you, who, in an unprecedented manner, liufF'd and threatened the World with that vast magazine of stuff, which you had amassed to annoy the Man that should be found in your way ; that you, whom nothing must atone, but a pray, Master, forgive me ; and I'll do so no more ; That such a Doctor, such a Champion as you, should, on the sudden, be crying-out for the aid of better Handt, cf better Pens, than- your own, and that, in a quarrel of your own picking, upon the success whereof, you vainly conceit that the Being and Well-being of their Majettiei, and of every thing that is worth the preserving, depends. But, I see you, Inferiour Qergymen, do often stand in need of Guides : and, let who will come to your assist- ance, (though I am decrepit,) l\\\sgood old Cause, I rest assured, will abide firm and unshaken, against all the attempts of such Assailants as you can list and draw-up against it : I mean, by this expression of the good old cause, the true Government of old England, by King, Lords, and Commons. No more at present (dear Doctor) : only I acquaint you at parting, that I am sensible I have not paid you the Tithe of what I owe you. But it lies ready for you, when you shall draw a Bill upon Your Debtor, Geneva, May 29th, 1692. EDMUND LUDLOW. AUatres J_5Q A LETTER FROM GENERAL LUDLOW TO DR. HOLLING WORTH. ylLLATRES licet usque nos, .£? us que ^ "^^ Et gannitibus imjirobis lacessas ; Ignotus fiereas. Miser, Necesse est. Non deerunt tamen hac in JJrbe forsan Unus, vel duo, trhve, quatubrve, Pellem rodere qui velint Cantnam ; Nos Mc d, scabie tenemus' ungues* Rail-on, poor feeble Scribbler ; speak of me, In as base Terms as tbe World speaks of thee ; Sit swelling in thy Hole, like a vcx'd Toad, And, full of Malice, spit thy spleen abroad ; Thou can'st blast no man's Fame with thy ill word ; Thy Pen is just as harmless as thy Sword. FINIS. R, Wilks, Printer, 89, Chancery Lane, London,