Commerce Commission 
 
 U.&.Tnterstste 
 
 Uniform bystem of i^ccountfr 
 
CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 BUSINESS 
 
, ,. Cornell University Library 
 
 HF 5686.G3U57 
 
 Uniform system of accounts for gas corpo 
 
 UNIFORM SYSTEM OF 
 ACCOUNTS 
 
 FOR GAS CORPORATIONS AND 
 ELECTRIC CORPORATIONS IN 
 THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 
 
 AS FKESCRIBED BY THE 
 
 INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION 
 
 IN ACCORDANCE. WITH 
 
 •Vi: - 
 
 ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1909 
 PUBLIC— No. 303 
 
 '- 'da 
 
 FIRST ISSIJE. ^ 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOTERNHENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 1909 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924018780704 
 
UNIFOKM SYSTEM OF 
 ACCOUNTS 
 
 FOR <^AS CORPOHATIONS AND 
 ELECTRIC CORPORATIONS IN 
 THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 
 
 AS PRESCRIBED BY THE 
 
 INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION 
 
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH 
 
 ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1909 
 PUBLIC— No. 303 
 
 FIRST ISSrE 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 1909 
 
311 f^^ 
 
 )f6 
 
THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. 
 
 Martin A. Knapp, of New York. 
 JuDSON C. Clements, of Georgia. 
 Charles A. Prouty, of Vermont. 
 Francis M. Cockrell, of Missouri. 
 Franklin K. Lane, of California. 
 Edgar E. Clark, of Iowa. 
 James S. Harlan, of Illinois. 
 
 Edward A. Moselet, Secretary. 
 
 (3) 
 
At a General Session of the INTERSTATE COMMERCE 
 COMMISSION, Held at its Office in Washington, D. C, 
 on the 21st day of June, 1909. 
 
 Present: 
 
 Martin A. Knapp, 
 
 JuDSON C. Clements, 
 
 Chakles a. Protjtt, 
 
 Francis M. Cockrell, } Commissioners. 
 
 Franklin K. Lane, 
 
 Edgar E. Clare, 
 
 Jambs S. Harlan, 
 
 The subject of a Uniform System of Accounts for Cor- 
 porations Engaged in the Manufacture and Sale of Gas 
 or Electricity in the District of Columbia being under 
 consideration, the following order was entered : 
 
 It is ordered, That the following groups of accounts, with 
 the classifications and texts pertaining thereto ; namely, 
 
 A. Operating Revenue Accounts and Operating 
 
 Expense Accounts, 
 
 B. Income Accounts, 
 
 C. Balance Sheet Accounts and Capital Accounts, 
 prepared under the direction of this Commission by 
 Henry C. Adams, in charge of Statistics and Accounts, 
 and embodied in printed form to be hereafter known as 
 Uniform System of Accounts for Gas Corporations and 
 Electric Corporations, a copy of which is now before this 
 
 (5) 
 
Commission, be, and the same are hereby, approved; 
 that a copy thereof duly authenticated by the Secretary 
 of the Commission be filed in its archives, and a second 
 copy thereof, in like manner authenticated, in the office 
 of the Bureau of Statistics and Accounts; and that each 
 of said copies so authenticated and filed shall be deemed 
 an original record thereof. 
 
 It is further ordered, That the said accounts, with the 
 classifications and texts pertaining thereto, be, and are 
 hereby, prescribed for the use of corporations engaged in 
 the manufacture and sale of gas or electricity in the 
 District of Columbia; that each and every such corpora- 
 tion and each and every receiver or operating trustee of 
 any such corporation be required to keep all accounts 
 involved in the Uniform System of Accounts for Gas 
 Corporations and Electric Corporations in conformity 
 therewith; and that a copy of said accounts, with the 
 classifications and texts pertaining thereto, be sent to 
 each and every such corporation and to each and every 
 receiver or operating trustee of any such corporation. 
 
 It is further ordered, That the rules contained ia said 
 Uniform System of Accounts for Gas Corporations and 
 Electric Corporations are, and by virtue of this order do 
 become, the lawful rules according to which the said ac- 
 counts are defined. 
 
 It is further ordered, That any such corporation or any 
 receiver or operating trustee of any such corporation may 
 subdivide any primary account for which provision is 
 made in said Uniform System of Accounts for Gas Cor- 
 porations and Electric Corporations in such manner as 
 may be required for the purposes of any such corporation 
 or any receiver or operating trustee of any such cor- 
 poration: Provided, however, That the authority thus 
 conferred be not used in such a manner as to impair the 
 integrity of any general or primary account hereby pre- 
 
scribed: And 'provided further , That this authority be not 
 interpreted as a bar to the full and complete inspection by 
 properly authorized representatives of the Government of 
 all accounts kept by the said corporations. 
 
 It is further order,ed, That January 1, 1910, be, and is 
 hereby, fixed as the date on which said Uniform System 
 of Accounts for Gas Corporations and Electric Corpora- 
 tions shall become effective. 
 
 A true copy: 
 
 Edw. a. Moseley, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
INTRODUCTORY LETTER. 
 
 Interstate Commerce Commission, 
 Bureau of Statistics and Accounts, 
 
 Washington, June SI, 1909. 
 
 To Corporations Engaged in the Manufactuke and 
 
 Sale of Gas or Electricity in the District of 
 
 Columbia : 
 
 In the Appropriation Bill for the District of Columbia, 
 for the year ending June 30, 1910, under the title "Elec- 
 trical Department," will be found the following para- 
 graph : 
 
 "On and after the passage of this act every corporation 
 engaged in the manufacture and sale of gas or electricity in 
 the District of Columbia shall open and keep a set of books 
 in manner and form prescribed by the Interstate Com- 
 merce Commission." 
 
 In conformity with the above provision of the law, and 
 acting under instructions from the Interstate Commerce 
 Commission, I have the honor to transmit to you here- 
 with an Order of the Commission, under date of June 21, 
 1909, and a Uniform System of Accounts for Gas Corpora- 
 tions and Electric Corporations doing business in the 
 District of Columbia. It will be observed that the date 
 on which your accounts should be made to conform to the 
 classifications and rules hereby authorized is January 1, 
 1910. 
 
 (9) 
 
10 
 
 The accounts herewith prescribed are divided into 
 three groups, namely: 
 
 A. Operating Revenue Accounts and Operating 
 
 Expense Accounts, 
 
 B. Income Accounts, 
 
 C. Balance Sheet Accounts and Capital Accounts. 
 While it is recognized that the business of the manu- 
 facture and sale of gas or electricity calls for peculiar 
 accounting treatment, so that the accounts may properly 
 reflect the conditions under which the business is carried 
 on, it is also recognized that the fundamental principles 
 of accounting are the same for all classes of business. 
 This explains why the structure of the accounts herewith 
 submitted is, in the main, in harmony with the general 
 structure of the accounts and classifications issued by the 
 Interstate Commerce Commission for all corporations and 
 business agencies subject to its jurisdiction. 
 
 It is the custom of this office, in case of uncertainty in 
 interpretation, to consider and to answer, in an official 
 manner, any questions which accounting officers may care 
 to submit, and the Bureau of Statistics and Accounts of the 
 Interstate Commerce Commission desires to avail itself of 
 this opportunity of suggesting that the accounting offi- 
 cers of gas and electric corporations doing business in the 
 District of Columbia submit all questions of doubtful 
 interpretation for official ruling. 
 
 The classifications prepared by the Public Service 
 Commissions of the State of New York for the gas and 
 electric corporations of that State have been drawn 
 upon very largely for the texts of the accounts presented 
 herein. 
 
 Henry C. Adams, 
 In charge of Statistics and Accounts. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Group A. — Operating Accounts. 
 For Gas Corporations. 
 
 Opbrating Revenues: Page. 
 
 G 101 . Sale of Gas for Municipal Purposes 19 
 
 G102. Prepaid Gas Sales 19 
 
 G 103. Commercial Gas Sales 19 
 
 G 104. Sale of Gas to Other Gas Corporations 19 
 
 G 105. Sale of Residuals and By-Products 19 
 
 G 106. Other Miscellaneous Gas Revenue 20 
 
 Operating Expenses: 
 
 I . Production Expenses — 
 
 G 120. Works Superintendence 20 
 
 G121. WorksLabor 20 
 
 G122. Boiler Fuel 21 
 
 G 123. Water 21 
 
 G124. Fuel Under Retorts 21 
 
 G125. Coal Carbonized 21 
 
 G126. Coal-Gas Enrichers 21 
 
 G 127. Generator Fuel 21 
 
 G128-. Water-GasOil 21 
 
 G 129. Purifying Supplies 21 
 
 G 130. Miscellaneous Works Expense 21 
 
 G 131. Gas Storage 21 
 
 G 132. Gas from Other Sources 22 
 
 G 135. Works and Station Structures — Maintenance ... 22 
 
 G 136. Power-Plant Equipment — Maintenance 22 
 
 G 137. Gas Apparatus — Maintenance 23 
 
 G 138. Works Tools— Maintenance 24 
 
 II. Transmission and Distribution Expenses — 
 
 G 140. Transmission Pumping 24 
 
 G 141 . Distribution Superintendence 24 
 
 G 142. Distribution Supplies and Expenses 24 
 
 G 143. Gas Meter and Installation Work 24 
 
 (11) 
 
12 
 
 Operating Expenses — Continued. 
 
 II. Transmission and Distribution Expenses — Continued. Page. 
 
 G 144. Work on Consumers' Premises 25 
 
 G 150. Gas Maine and Services — Maintenance 25 
 
 G 151. Gas Meters — Maintenance 25 
 
 G 152. Distribution Tools — Maintenance 25 
 
 G 153. Gas Appliances — Maintenance 26 
 
 III. Street and Parle Lighting Expenses — 
 
 G 155. Street Lamp Operation 26 
 
 G 156. Street Lamps — Maintenance 26 
 
 IV. Commercial Expenses — 
 
 G 160. Commercial Administration 26 
 
 G161. Advertising 27 
 
 G 162. Other Commercial Expenses 27 
 
 V. General and Miscellaneous Expenses — 
 
 G 165. Salaries and Expenses of General Officers 27 
 
 G 166. Salaries and Expenses of General Office Clerks. . . 27 
 
 G 167. General Office Supplies and Expenses 27 
 
 G 168. General Law Expenses 28 
 
 G 169. Miscellaneous General Expenses 28 
 
 G 170. Insurance 28 
 
 G 171 . Relief Department and Pensions 28 
 
 G 172. Gas Franchise Requirements 28 
 
 G 173. Residuals Expense 29 
 
 G 174. General Amortization 29 
 
 G 175. Injuries to Persons and Preperty 30 
 
 G 176. Stationery and Printing 30 
 
 G 177. Store Expenses 31 
 
 G 178. Stable Expenses 31 
 
 G 179. Miscellaneous Adjustments — Balance 31 
 
 G 180. General Structures — Maintenance 32 
 
 For Electric Corporations. 
 
 Operating Revenues: 
 
 E 101. Street and Park Lighting 33 
 
 E 102. Commercial Lighting 33 
 
 E 103. Commercial Power 33 
 
 E 104. Railway Power 34 
 
 E 105. Other Electric Corporations 34 
 
 E 106. Electric Merchandise and Jobbing 34 
 
 E 107. Sale of By-Products 34 
 
 E 108. Other Miscellaneous Electric Revenue 34 
 
13 
 
 Opekating Revenues — Continued. Page. 
 
 E 109. Joint Electric Rent Revenue 34 
 
 E 110. SaleofSteam 35 
 
 E 111. Rent of Land and Buildings 35 
 
 E 112. Rent of Equipment 35 
 
 Operating Expenses: 
 
 I. Production Expenses — 
 
 E 120. Power-Plant Wages 35 
 
 E 121. Fuel ; 36 
 
 E 122. Water 36 
 
 E 123. Lubricants 36 
 
 E 124. Steam from Other Sources 36 
 
 E 125. Electric Energy from Other Sources 36 
 
 E 126. Miscellaneous Power-Plant Expenses 36 
 
 E 130. Power-Plant Buildings — ^Maintenance 36 
 
 E 131. Motive Power — Maintenance 37 
 
 E 132. Electrical Apparatus — ^Maintenance 38 
 
 E 133. Miscellaneous Power-Plant Equipment — Main- 
 tenance 38 
 
 E 134. Power-Plant Tools and Implements — ^Mainte- 
 nance 38 
 
 II. Transmission Expenses — 
 
 E 140. Transmission Subway Rent 39 
 
 E 141. Substation Labor 39 
 
 E 142. Substation Supplies and Expenses 39 
 
 E 150. Transmission Poles and Fixtures — ^Maintenance. 39 
 E 151. Overhead Transmission System — Maintenance.. 40 
 E 152. Underground Transmission Conduits — ^Mainte- 
 nance 40 
 
 E 153. Underground Transmission System — Mainte- 
 nance 40 
 
 E 154. Substation Buildings — Maintenance 40 
 
 E 155. Substation Equipment — Maintenance 40 
 
 III. Distribution Expenses — 
 
 E 170. Distribution Superintendence 41 
 
 E 171. Distribution Office Expenses 41 
 
 E 172. Distribution Subway Rent 41 
 
 E 173. Setting and Removing Meters and Transformers 41 
 
 E 174. Electric Meter Operation 41 
 
 E 175. Commercial Arc Lamps — Operation 41 
 
 E 176. Commercial Incandescent Lamps — Operation. . 41 
 
 E 177. Commercial Incandescent Lamps — Renewals... 42 
 
 E 178. Commercial Glower Lamps — Operation 42 
 
14 
 
 Operating Expenses — Continued. 
 
 III. Distribution Expenses — Continued. Page. 
 
 E 179. Customers' Signs — Operation 42 
 
 E 180. Public Arc Lamps — Operation 42 
 
 E 181. Public Incandescent Lamps — Operation 42 
 
 E 182. Public Incandescent Lamps — Eenewals 42 
 
 E 183. Public Glower Lamps — Operation 42 
 
 E 184. Miscellaneous Distribution Labor 42 
 
 E 185. Miscellaneous Distribution Supplies 43 
 
 E 190. Distribution Poles and Fixtures — ^Maintenance. 43 
 E 191. Overhead Distribution System — ^Maintenance.. 43 
 E 192. Underground Distribution Conduits — ^Mainte- 
 nance 43 
 
 E 193. Underground Distribution System — ^M a i n t e- 
 
 nance 43 
 
 E 194. Electric Meters — Maintenance 44 
 
 E 195. Transformers — ^Maintenance 44 
 
 E 196. Electric Services — Maintenance 44 
 
 E 197. Commercial Axe Lamps — ^Maintenance 44 
 
 E 198. Commercial Glower Lamps — ^Maintenance 44 
 
 E 199. Public Arc Lamps — ^Maintenance 44 
 
 E 200. Public Glower Lamps — ^Maintenance 44 
 
 E 201. Miscellaneous Distribution Equipment — Main- 
 tenance 44 
 
 IV. Commercial Expenses. 
 
 E 210. Commercial Administration 45 
 
 E211. Advertising 45 
 
 E 212. Other Commercial Expenses 45 
 
 V. General and Miscellaneous Expenses. 
 
 E 220. Salaries and Expenses of General OfiBcers 45 
 
 E 221. Salaries and Expenses of General Office Clerks. 46 
 
 E 222. General Office Supplies and Expenses 46 
 
 E 223. General Law Expenses 46 
 
 E 224. Miscellaneous General Expenses 46 
 
 E 225. Insurance 46 
 
 E 226. Belief Department and Pensions 47 
 
 E 227. Electric Franchise Requirements 47 
 
 E 228. General Amortization 47 
 
 E 229. Injuries to Persons and Property 47 
 
 E 230. Stationery and Printing 48 
 
 E 231. Store Expenses 49 
 
 E 232. Stable Expenses 49 
 
 E 233. Miscellaneous Adjustments — Balance 49 
 
 E 240. General Structures — Maintenance 50 
 
15 
 
 Group B. — Income Accounts. 
 
 For Gas Corporations and Electric Corporations. 
 
 Page. 
 
 ■51. Operating Revenues 52 
 
 52. Operating Expenses 52 
 
 53. Outside Operations — Revenues 52 
 
 54. Outside Operations — Expenses 52 
 
 55. Taxes 52 
 
 56. Uncollectible Customers' Bills 53 
 
 57. Rents Accrued from Lease of Plant 53 
 
 58. Miscellaneous Rent Revenues 53 
 
 59. Dividend Revenues 53 
 
 60. Interest Revenues 54 
 
 61. Miscellaneous Nonoperating Income 54 
 
 62. Rents Accrued for Lease of Other Plants 54 
 
 63. Miscellaneous Rents — Dr 54 
 
 64. Loss on Operations of Others 54 
 
 65. Interest Deductions 54 
 
 66. Bad Debts Written Off 54 
 
 67. Sinking Funds Chargeable to Income 55 
 
 68. Amortization of Landed Capital 55 
 
 69. Amortization of Debt Discount and Expense 55 
 
 70. Amortization of Premium on Debt — Cr 55 
 
 71. Other Deductions from Gross Corporate Income 56 
 
 72. Dividends Declared 56 
 
 73. Appropriations to Reserves 56 
 
 74. Other Deductions from Surplus 56 
 
 Group C. — Balance Sheet Accounts. 
 For Gas Corporations and Electric Corporations. 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 1. Fixed Capital — Plant and Equipment, December 31, 1909, 
 
 (devoted to operations) 57 
 
 2. Expenditures for Plant and Equipment since December 31, 
 
 1909 57 
 
 3. Property Devoted to Other Operations 57 
 
 4. Property Abandoned 58 
 
 5. Securities Owned of Proprietary, Affiliated, or Controlled 
 
 Companies 58 
 
 6. Investments r 58 
 
 7. Reacquired Securities 59 
 
16 
 
 Page. 
 
 8. Materials and Supplies 59 
 
 9. Cash 60 
 
 10. Bills Receivable 60 
 
 11. Accounts Receivable 60 
 
 12. Interest and Dividends Receivable 60 
 
 13. Other Working Assets 60 
 
 14. Coupon Special Deposits 61 
 
 15. Dividend Special Deposits 61 
 
 16. Other Special Deposits 61 
 
 17. Advances 61 
 
 18. Insurance Premiums Paid in Advance 61 
 
 19. Taxes Paid in Advance 62 
 
 20. Rents Paid in Advance 62 
 
 21. Other Prepayments 62 
 
 22. Unamortized Debt Discoimt and Expense 62 
 
 23. Discount on Capital Stock Sold — Unamortized 63 
 
 24. Other Suspense 63 
 
 25. Deficit — Profit and Loss — Balance , 64 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 26. Capital Stock 64 
 
 27. FundedDebt 65 
 
 28. Unamortized Premium on Debt 65 
 
 29. Consumers' Deposits 66 
 
 30. Loans and Bills Payable 66 
 
 31. Audited Vouchers and Wages Unpaid 66 
 
 32. Other Working Liabilities 66 
 
 33. TaxesAccrued 66 
 
 34. Interest Accrued 66 
 
 35. RentsAccrued 67 
 
 36. Dividends Declared 67 
 
 37. Accrued Amortization of Capital 67 
 
 38. Appropriated Surplus — Reserves 67 
 
 39. Free Surplus — Profit and Loss — Balance 68 
 
 Group C. — Capital Accounts. 
 
 For Gas Corporations. 
 
 G 300. Land Devoted to Gas Operations 69 
 
 G 301. Organization 69 
 
 G 302. Franchises 70 
 
 G303. PatentRights 70 
 
17 
 
 G 304. Other Intangible Gaa Capital 70 
 
 G 305. General Structures 71 
 
 G 306. General Equipment 71 
 
 G 307. Works and Station Structures 72 
 
 G 308. Holders 72 
 
 G 309. Furnaces, Boilers, and Accessories 72 
 
 G 310. Steam Engines 78 
 
 G 311. Gas Engines 73 
 
 G 312 . Miscellaneous Power-PIant Equipment 73 
 
 G 313. Benches and Retorts 73 
 
 G 314. Water-Gas Sets and Accessories 73 
 
 G 315. Purification Apparatus 74 
 
 G 316. Accessory Equipment at Works 74 
 
 G317. Trunk Lines and Mains 74 
 
 G318. Gas Services 74 
 
 G319. Gas Meters 74 
 
 G 320. Gas Meter Installation 74 
 
 G 321. Municipal Street-Lighting Fixtures 75 
 
 G 322. Gas Engines and Appliances.... 75 
 
 G 823. Gas Tools and Implements 75 
 
 G 824. Gas Laboratory Equipment 75 
 
 G825. Other Tangible Gas Capital 75 
 
 G 826. Engineering and Superintendence 76 
 
 G 327. Law Expenditures During Construction 76 
 
 G 328. Injuries During Construction 76 
 
 G 829. Taxes During Construction 76 
 
 G 380. Miscellaneous Construction Expenditures 77 
 
 G 381. Interest During Construction 77 
 
 G 882. Land in Other Departments 77 
 
 G 338. Franchises in Other Departments 78 
 
 G 834. Patent Rights in Other Departments 78 
 
 G 835. Other Intangible Capital in Other Departments 78 
 
 G 336. Tangible Capital in Other Departments 78 
 
 For Electric Corporations. 
 
 E 300. Land Devoted to Electric Operations 79 
 
 E 801. Organization 80 
 
 E 802. Franchises 80 
 
 E303. PatentRights 80 
 
 E 304. Other Intangible Electric Capital 80 
 
 E 305. General Structures 81 
 
 90306—09 2 
 
18 
 
 E306. General Equipment 81 
 
 E 307. Dams, Canals, and Pipe Lines 82 
 
 E 308. Power-Plant Buildings 82 
 
 E 309. Furnaces, Boilers, and Accessories 82 
 
 E 310. Steam Engines 82 
 
 E 311. Turbines and Water Wheels 83 
 
 E 312. Gas Producers and Accessories 83 
 
 E313. GasEngines 83 
 
 E 314. Electric Generators 84 
 
 E 315. Accessory Electric Power Equipment 84 
 
 E 316. Miscellaneous Power-Plant Equipment 84 
 
 E317. Substation Buildings 84 
 
 E 318. Substation Equipment 85 
 
 E319. Poles and Fixtures 85 
 
 E 320. Underground Conduits 85 
 
 E 321. Transmission System 85 
 
 E322. Distribution System 86 
 
 E 323. Line Transformers and Devices 86 
 
 E 324. Electric Services 86 
 
 E 325. Electric Meters 86 
 
 E 326. Electric Meter Installation 86 
 
 E327. Street and Park Lighting System 87 
 
 E 328. Commercial Arc Lamps 87 
 
 E 329. Glower Lamps 87 
 
 E 330. Electric Motors and Heaters 87 
 
 E 331. Electric Tools and Implements 87 
 
 E 332. Electric Laboratory Equipment 87 
 
 E 333. Other Tangible Electric Capital 88 
 
 E 334. Engineering and Superintendence 88 
 
 E 335. Law Expenditures During Construction 88 
 
 E 336. Injuries During Construction 88 
 
 E 337. Taxes During Construction 89 
 
 E 338. Miscellaneous Construction Expenditures 89 
 
 E 339. Interest During Construction 89 
 
 E 340. Land in Other Departments 89 
 
 E 341. Franchises in Other Departments 89 
 
 E,342. Patent Eights in Other Departments 90 
 
 E 343. Other Intangible Capital in Other Departments 90 
 
 E 344. Tangible Capital in Other Departments 90 
 
Special Note. — On and after January 1, 1910, all charges to capital 
 or other accounts provided for in this Classification should be the 
 actual money costs of the things for which they are made. Where the 
 consideration in any transaction shown in any entry is any thing other 
 than money, the actual consideration should be shown in the entry 
 and the amount charged should be the actual cash value of the consid- 
 eration at the time of the transaction. 
 
 GROUP A —OPERATING ACCOUNTS FOR GAS CORPORATIONS. , 
 
 OPERATING BEVENITES. 
 
 G 101. SALE OF GAS FOR MUNICIPAL PURPOSES. 
 
 This account includes all revenues received from municipal 
 corporations for gas supplied to such corporations or to other cor- 
 porations for municipal purposes. 
 
 G 102. PREPAID GAS SALES. 
 
 Credit to this account all revenues derived from the sale of pre- 
 paid gas delivered through so-called "prepayment meters." 
 
 G 103. COMMERCIAL GAS SALES. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from sale of gas to 
 consumers other than municipal corporations. 
 
 G 104. SALE OF GAS TO OTHER GAS CORPORATIONS. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from gas sold or 
 supplied to other gas corporations to be distributed by them 
 through their own pipes to consumers. 
 
 G 105. SALE OF RESIDUALS AND BY-PRODUCTS. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from the sale of 
 residuals and by-products. 
 
 This account should be kept in such manner as to enable the 
 corporation to show the amounts of revenue derived from the fol- 
 lowing sources: 
 
 Sale of Gas Coke, 
 
 Sale of Tar, 
 
 Sale of Ammoniacal Liquor, 
 
 Sale of Other Residuals and By-Products. 
 
 Note A. — The amount of revenue from the sale of any residual or by- 
 product is f» be determined by the price received at the point of delivery to 
 the purchaser, and any expense incurred by the corporation in effecting deliv- 
 ery should be charged to the appropriate operating expense account. 
 
 Note B.— Residuals and by-products consumed by the corporation should 
 not be credited to this account. 
 
 (19) 
 
20 
 
 G 106. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS GAS REVENUE. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from gaa operations 
 not includible in any of the foregoing accounts. 
 
 OPERATING EXPENSES. 
 
 I. PEODUOTION EXPENSES. 
 
 G 120. WORKS SUPERINTENDENCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor of the engineer in charge 
 
 of works and his assistants; also day and night foremen and station 
 
 clerks. 
 
 G 121. WORKS LABOR. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor at works as follows: 
 
 BoLLEE-HousE LABOR. — Labor employed in weighing and 
 handling coal, coke, and breeze from place of storage to boilers; 
 labor employed in operating boilers and engines, including such 
 labor as that of shovelers, weighers, boiler firemen and engineers, 
 and oilers; and labor employed in pumping oil tar from generators 
 through separators to storage tanks and from storage tanks to boil- 
 ers; also such labor as that of pump-house men. 
 
 Retort-House Labor. — Labor employed in firing benches, 
 charging and recharging retorts, patching and scurfing retorts, 
 cleaning pipes and lids, quenching and handling coke used under 
 benches, and handling coal from place of storage to retort house. 
 This includes such labor as that of foremen, firemen, furnacemen, 
 retort and boiler tenders, patchers, pipemen, lid cleaners, coke 
 quenchers, guymen, riggers, shovelers, and wheelers. 
 
 Genekator-House Labor. — Labor employed in weighing and 
 handling coal and coke from place of storage to charging floor, and 
 in operating, firing, clinkering, and cleaning generators. This 
 includes such labor as that of shovelers, weighers, pumpers, gen- 
 erator firemen, and runners. 
 
 PuEiFiEB-HousE Labor. — Labor employed in changing purifier 
 boxes, revivifying oxide, and removing spent oxide to refuse pile. 
 This includes such labor as that of foremen and laborers. 
 
 MiscELiJiNEOus Labor at Works. — General labor in and about 
 the works not specifically employed in the manufacture of gas, such 
 as that of watchmen, janitors, and messengers, and of laborers 
 employed in cleaning up yards, removing snow, and cleaning out 
 refuse piles. 
 
21 
 
 G 122. BOILER FUEL. 
 
 This account includes the cost (delivered in storage pile) of fuel 
 used under boilers. 
 
 G 123. WATER. 
 
 This account includes the cost of water used in gas production. 
 
 G 124. FUEL UNDER RETORTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost (delivered in storage pile) of fuel 
 used under retorts. 
 
 G 125. COAL CARBONIZED. 
 
 This account includes the cost (delivered in storage pile) of gas 
 coal used in retorts. 
 
 G 126. COAL-GAS ENRICHERS. 
 
 This account includes the cost (in storage) of enricher materials. 
 G 127. GENERATOR FUEL. 
 
 This account includes the cost (delivered in storage pile) of fuel 
 used in generators. 
 
 G 128. WATER-GAS OIL. 
 
 This account includes the cost (in storage tanks) of gas oil or 
 naphtha used in making water gas. 
 
 G 129. PURIFYING SUPPLIES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of material used in gas purifica- 
 tion. It includes the cost and transportation charges of lime and 
 oxide actually used; and the cost of labor, cartage, shavings, etc., 
 necessary to storage ; also the cost of mixing. 
 
 G 130. MISCELLANEOUS WORKS EXPENSE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of sundry supplies and expenses 
 in connection with the works not includible in other accounts. 
 This includes the cost of lubricating oil, waste and packing, and 
 other small materials of like nature used in gas works; also the 
 cost of incidental items, such as telephones, ice, brooms, mops, 
 kerosene, soap, towels, and similar expenses. 
 
 G 131. GAS STORAGE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor and material (except 
 in repairs) employed in storing and regulating the flow of gas to 
 distributing mains by holder pressure. This includes the cost of 
 labor of firemen, engineers, valvemen, and superintendents when 
 engaged on gas storage, and the cost of coal, coke, water, and 
 incidentals. 
 
22 
 
 Cf 132. GAS FROM OTHER SOURCES. 
 
 This account includes the cash purchase price of gas bought 
 from other companies for distribution through the system of the 
 accounting corporation; also its proportion of the cost of production 
 (including the cost of maintenance, but not including any rent 
 or return upon the value of property employed) of gas produced 
 by other companies for use tinder any joint arrangement for the 
 sharing of expenses upon the basis of the relative amounts of 
 benefit to the several participants. 
 
 G 135. WORKS AND STATION STRUCTURES— MAINTENANCE. 
 This account includes the cost of all repairs to and renewals of 
 works and station structures, including permanent piers and other 
 foundations. Such structures include retort houses, generator 
 houses, purifier houses, engine houses, boiler houses, meter houses; 
 coal sheds, coke sheds, oil tanks, and other structures for storage 
 of fuel to be consumed or carbonized in the production of gas and 
 the operations auxiliary thereto; tar houses and wells and other 
 structures for residuals and by-products; appurtenant walks, fences, 
 drives, tramways, trestles, etc., and all fixtures permanently at- 
 tached to such structures and made a part thereof; also all build- 
 ings, holder houses, and other structures at outljdng holder sta- 
 tions, except the holders and their appurtenances. 
 
 Note. — Repairs of short-lived and specially provided foundations and set- 
 tings for furnaces and boilers, steam engines, gas engines, pumps, generators, 
 benches, condensers, washers, scrubbers, purifiers, etc., are not to be included 
 herein. Such foundations and settings and the apparatus and machinery to 
 which they pertain are not to be included under the term "fixtures" as 
 above used. Nor should repairs of gas holders be included in this account. 
 
 G136. POWER-PLANT EQUIPMENT— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairs to and renewals of the 
 following: 
 
 Furnaces, Boilers, and Accessories. — All furnaces, boilers, 
 and boiler apparatus and accessories devoted to the production of 
 steam for use in producing gas and in furnishing motive power in 
 gas works and stations. This includes boilers and valves thereto 
 attached, appurtenant furnaces and grates, and flues leading to 
 smokestacks and chimneys, and the specially provided founda- 
 tions and settings of such boilers and appurtenances. It also 
 includes mechanical stokers and other apparatus for regulating the 
 supply of fuel; feed and hot-water heaters and economizers, in- 
 jectors, filters, and feed pumps; blower engines, coal conveyers, 
 and ash conveyers; water pipes, steam traps, drains, and separa- 
 
23 
 
 tors; exhaust pipes and pipes for conducting steam from the boiler 
 to the engine, to condensers, or to the gas producers, etc. It does 
 not include steam pipes whose primary purpose is the heating of 
 buildings. 
 
 Steam Engines. — Steam engines devoted to use as prime mov- 
 ers in gas works, including the specially provided foundations and 
 settings of such engines. The engine, whether reciprocating or 
 rotary (such as steam turbine), includes the throttle or inlet valve 
 and the governor; also condensers and air pumps, but not the steam 
 pipe leading from the boiler, or the exhaust pipe. 
 
 Gas Engines. — Gas engines devoted to use as prime movers in 
 gas works and stations, including the specially provided founda- 
 tions and settings of such engines. The engine includes the inlet- 
 valve governor, and ignition and starting apparatus, but not the 
 pipe leading from the gas holder, or the exhaust pipe. 
 
 MiscEiLANEOus PowER - Plant EQUIPMENT. — Miscellaneous 
 power-plant equipment at gas works which is not includible in any 
 of the foregoing accounts. This includes such mechanical appa- 
 ratus as belts, pulleys, hangers, countershafts, and other apparatus 
 intermediary between the prime mover and the apparatus oper- 
 ated, and cranes, hoists, machine tools and such other tools at 
 power plants as may properly be capitalized. 
 
 G 137. GAS APPARATUS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing the 
 following: 
 
 Benches and Retoets. — Benches, including the retorts and 
 their settings, and auxiliary piping, including ascension pipes, 
 and foul and hydraulic mains. 
 
 Water-Gas Sets and Accessories. — Water-gas generators and 
 accessories devoted to the production of gas, the specially pro- 
 vided foundations and settings for such water-gas sets, and the 
 flues leading therefrom to smokestacks and chimneys. This 
 includes not only generators, carburetors, superheaters, seals, and 
 piping connected therewith, but also blast apparatus, oil and 
 steam supplying apparatus, oil heaters, etc. It does not include 
 pipes whose primafy purpose is the warming of buildings. 
 
 Purification Apparatus. — Apparatus for purifying gas, in- 
 cluding condensers, washers, scrubbers, purifiers, tar extractors 
 etc., and their specially provided foundations and settings. 
 
 Holders. — Gas holders and appurtenances at works and at 
 
 district stations. 
 
 Note.— Repairs of holder housings should be charged to account G 135, 
 "Works and Station Structures— Maintenance." 
 
24 
 
 Miscellaneous Equipment. — Accessory equipment and appa- 
 ratus used in the production and storage of gas not specifically 
 provided for in the foregoing accounts, including repairs of ex- 
 hausters, station meters, governors, etc.; apparatus for charging 
 retorts; conveyors for disposing of coke and other products and 
 residuals; tar and ammonia apparatus, pumps, pipes, tanks, etc. 
 
 G 138. WORKS TOOLS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing such 
 tools and implements used in the production and storage of gas as 
 have been capitalized. 
 
 H TEANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION EXPENSES. 
 
 G 140. TRANSMISSION PUMPING. 
 
 This account includes the cost of pumping gas through mains 
 to the distribution system, including the cost of inspection and 
 regulation of booster governors. 
 
 Note. — Wlien gas is delivered to the supply system outside the works at 
 substantially works pressure, the pipe system, including mains, feeders, 
 services, and supply pipes to outlying holders, if any, should all be classed 
 in the distribution system. When the pressure is raised by means of boosters 
 and the gas is delivered to the pipes at higher than works pressure, and is later 
 reduced in pressure and delivered to the distribution system proper, that 
 portion of the pipe system used for conducting gas at the raised pressure 
 should be classed as the transmission system. 
 
 G 141. DISTRIBUTION SUPERINTENDENCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all labor employed in superin- 
 tending the operation of the street department and fitting and 
 repair shops, including the salaries of superintendents, foremen, 
 clerks, timekeepers, messengers, watchmen, and janitors em- 
 ployed in the distribution department. 
 
 G 142. DISTRIBUTION SUPPLIES AND EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of office maintenance and inci- 
 dental expenses of the street and shop departments, including 
 the cost of light, heat, telephones, water, ice, etc. 
 
 Note.— When the distribution ofBce is combined with the works office or 
 commercial office, charges like rent, light, etc., should be divided between them 
 in a fixed ratio, based upon the relative amounts of use. 
 
 G 143. GAS METER AND INSTALLATION WORK. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor employed and material 
 used in locking and unlocking meters, building inspection, pump- 
 ing drip, cleaning service or house pipe with pump; setting, re- 
 moving, resetting, and changing position of meters, and tempo- 
 rary repairs of leaks in house piping. 
 
25 
 
 G 144. WORK ON CONSUMERS' PREMISES. ■ • 
 
 This account includes the cost of installing gas stoves and other 
 appliances on the premises of consumers, and of work done for con- 
 sumers in maintaining the efficiency of their service, including 
 complaint work and other work done in houses beyond the end of 
 the meter outlet connection. This includes the cost of adjustiiig 
 or changing location of house pipes, gas burners, fixtures, stoves, 
 and appliances, and the cost of new pillars, tips, burners, or 
 devices not chargeable to repair accounts. It does not include 
 such installation expense items as are provided for in the pre- 
 ceding account. 
 
 Credit to this account the cost element of receipts for jobbing 
 work which the accounting corporation has performed as agefit 
 under agency contracts. 
 
 Note. — Any profit or commission accruing to the corporation on jobbiiig 
 work performed as agent shall be credited to account G 106, "Other Miscel- 
 laneous Gas Revenue;" to that account should also be credited all receipts 
 from gas jobbing not done under agency contracts. 
 
 G 150. GAS MAINS AND SERVICES— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes all costs under the following heads: 
 ,Gas Mains. — Labor and material employed in repairing and 
 renewing mains, including labor of foremen, inspectors, calkers, 
 tappers, pavers, drillers, skilled laborers, general laborers, and 
 similar workers on street-department pay rolls while engaged in 
 repairing, altering, overhauling, changing position of or removing 
 street mains, protecting exposed or undermined mains, searching for 
 and repairing leaks in mains, and paving over any of the above 
 work; also material and cartage in connection with the above work. 
 Gas Services. — Labor and material employed in repairing and 
 renewing services, including the same classes of labor as shown 
 under the preceding head "Gas Mains," while engaged in re- 
 pairing, altering, removing, relaying, cutting off, increasing the 
 size of, and changing the position of services, searching for and 
 repairing leaks in services, and paving over any of the above 
 work; also the cost of material and cartage in connection therewith. 
 
 G151. GAS METERS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of testing and repairing con, 
 sumers' meters. 
 
 G 152. DISTRIBUTION TOOLS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of sharpening and repairing such 
 tools and implements as have been charged to capital accounts and 
 are used in the street department and the fitting and repair shops. 
 
26 
 
 G 153. GAS APPLIANCES— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairs of gas lamps, stoves, 
 engines, and other appliances owned hy the corporation and rented 
 to consumers. 
 
 rU. STEEET AND PAEZ LIGHTING EXPENSES. 
 
 G 155. STREET LAMP OPERATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor employed in cleaning 
 and lighting street lamps, and extinguishing street lights; in in- 
 specting and supervising the street lighting district; in reporting 
 on relights and discontinues, and watching the hours of lighting 
 and extinguishing; and the incidental expenses of street-lamp 
 operation. 
 
 G 156. STREET LAMPS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor and material consumed 
 in fitting up new lamp posts, refitting standpipes, cleaning serv- 
 ices, cutting off services, recalking columns, removing posts, 
 resetting posts, refitting columns, straightening posts, and all other 
 work of a similar character necessary to maintain the street light- 
 ing system at the degree of required efficiency; also repaving over 
 openings made necessary by such work. 
 
 lY. OOMMEEOIAL EXPENSES. 
 
 G 160. COMMERCIAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 This account includes: 
 
 Commercial Department General. — Pay of superintend- 
 ents and assistants, chief clerks, stenographers, general clerks, 
 high bill clerks, switchboard operators, messengers, janitors, and 
 watchmen employed in the commercial department. 
 
 Commercial Department Accounting. — Pay of bookkeepers 
 and clerks employed on consumers' accounts. 
 
 Commercial Department Contracts. — Pay of clerks and 
 other employees in the application or contract bureau. 
 
 Commercial Department Collecting. — Pay of regular and 
 prepayment collectors. 
 
 Meter Reading. — Pay of meter readers. 
 
 Commercial Office Supplies and Expenses. — Cost of sup- 
 plies and the incidental expenses of the commercial oflice. 
 
27 
 
 G 161. ADVERTISING. 
 
 This account includes pay and expenses of the advertising 
 manager and clerks, also the cost of commercial advertising sun- 
 dries, including booklets, dodgers, newspaper advertisements, 
 posters, bulletins, and similar items. 
 
 Note. — This account should not include the expense of advertising 
 residuals, such being chargeable to the proper residual expense account. 
 
 G 162. OTHER COMMERCIAL EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes all commercial expenses not provided 
 for elsewhere, such as promotion, demonstration, canvassing and 
 soliciting, etc. 
 
 V. GEUEEAL AND MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 
 
 G 165. SALARIES AND EXPENSES OF GENERAL OFFICERS. 
 This account includes the salaries and expenses of the chair- 
 man of the board, president, vice-president, treasurer, secre- 
 tary, comptroller, general auditor, general manager, assistant 
 general manager, chief engineer, general superintendent, purchas- 
 ing agent, and all other officers whose jurisdiction extends to the 
 entire system and whose services can not be satisfactorily allocated 
 to the several departments. 
 
 G 166. SALARIES AND EXPENSES OF GENERAL OFFICE 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 This account includes the pay and expenses of general office 
 
 auditors, bookkeepers, cashiers, paymasters, stenographers, clerks 
 
 employed in counting cash, and all other clerks employed in the 
 
 general office. 
 
 Note. — Pay and expenses of clerks in the commercial department should 
 be charged to account G 160, ''Commercial Administration." 
 
 G 167. GENERAL OFFICE SUPPLIES AND EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of office supplies, repairs of office 
 furniture, and renewals of such furniture as has not been capital- 
 ized; wages of janitors, porters, and messengers; rent of rooms in 
 office buildings and repairs of such rented rooms; traveling and 
 incidental expenses of general officers and other general office 
 employees; and all other miscellaneous expenses of general offices. 
 Office expenses of departmental officers must be charged to the 
 proper departmental accounts. 
 
 Note. — This account should not include cost of telephone or telegraph 
 service. 
 
28 
 
 G 168. GENERAL LAW EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes all law expenses except those incurred in 
 the defense and settlement of damage claims. This includes salaries 
 and expenses of all counsel, solicitors, and attorneys, their clerks 
 and attendants, and expenses of their offices; cost of law books; 
 cost of printing briefs, legal forms, testimony, reports, etc. ; fees and 
 retainers for services of attorneys not regular employees; court costs, 
 and payments of special, notarial, and witness fees not provided for 
 elsewhere; expenses connected with taking depositions; and all 
 law and court expenses not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 Note.— The compensation oJ the general solicitor or counsel or other attor- 
 neys engaged partly in the defense or settlement of damage suits and partly in 
 other legal work should be properly apportioned between this account and 
 account G 175, "Injuries to Persons and Property." 
 
 G 169. MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of telephone and telegraph serv- 
 ice and other miscellaneous expenses connected with the general 
 management not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 G 170. INSURANCE. 
 
 This account includes all premiums paid to insurance companies 
 for fire, fidelity, boiler, casualty, burglar, and all other insur- 
 ance; also amounts set aside as an insurance reserve. 
 
 G 171. RELIEF DEPARTMENT AND PENSIONS. 
 
 This account includes all salaries and expenses incurred in 
 connection with conducting a relief department; also contribu- 
 tions made to such department, and all pensions paid to retired 
 employees, and expenses in connection therewith. 
 
 G 172. GAS FRANCHISE REQUIREMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of gas and other materials and 
 supplies furnished to municipal corporations in compliance with 
 franchise requirements, for which no payment is received ; also the 
 direct expense of paving, etc., incurred in compliance with such 
 requirements, for which no reimbursement is received. Amounts 
 charged to this account for which there is no direct money outlay 
 should be credited to "Duplicate Gas Charges — Cr.," under 
 account G 179, "Miscellaneous Adjustments — Balance." 
 
29 
 
 G 173. RESIDUALS EXPENSE. 
 
 This account includes all expenses specially incurred in con- 
 nection with the utilization and sale of residuals and by-products, 
 such as coke, tar, ammonia, carbon, etc. 
 
 Note. — Charges to this account may be made in such manner as to enable 
 the corporation to show separately the following expenses: 
 
 Coke Expense, including the cost of all labor and supplies specially 
 consumed and expense specially incurred in the disposal of coke over and 
 above what would be necessitated by such disposition if the coke were not 
 sold. This includes the cost of any special preparation of the coke for sale 
 and the cost of hauling such coke to points of delivery. 
 
 Tab Expense, Including the cost of all labor and supplies specially 
 consumed and all expense specially incurred in the disposition of tar over and 
 above the expense that would be involved if such tar were consumed by the 
 corporation. If both coal gas and water gas are manufactured and the result- 
 ing tars are separately disposed of, the tar expense shall be stated for each. 
 
 Ammonia Expense, including the cost of all labor and supplies specially 
 consumed and all expense specially incurred in the preparation and sale of 
 ammonia or ammoniacal liquor over and above what would be involved if 
 such liquor were consumed or wasted by the corporation. 
 
 Othek Residuals and By-products Expense, Including the cost of all 
 labor and supplies specially consumed and expense specially incurred in the 
 preparation and disposition of other residuals and by-products than those 
 provided for under the foregoing heads, over and above what would be in- 
 volved if such residuals and by-products were consumed by the corpora- 
 tion or wasted. 
 
 G 174. GENERAL AMORTIZATION. 
 
 This account includes monthly charges of the amount estimated 
 to be necessary to cover such wear and tear and obsolescence and 
 inadequacy as have accrued during the month in the tangible gas 
 capital of the corporation, such portion of the life of intangible 
 fixed capital as has expired or been consumed during the month, 
 and the amount estimated to be necessary to provide a reserve to 
 cover the cost of property destroyed by extraordinary casualties, 
 less the amounts charged for that month to the various repair ac- 
 counts in Gas Operating Expenses. The amount charged (or cred- 
 ited) to this account should be concurrently credited (or charged) 
 to reserve account No. 37, "Accrued Amortization of Capital." 
 
 Note. — Until otherwise ordered, the "amount estimated to be necessary 
 to cover such wear and tear and obsolescence and inadequacy as have accrued 
 during" any month shall be based on a rule determined by the accounting 
 corporation. Such rule may be derived from a consideration of the corpora- 
 tion's history and experience during the preceding Ave years, and the accrual 
 may be on the basis of amount of gas sold. Amortization of intangible capital 
 should likewise be based on rule. 
 
30 
 
 G 175. INJURIES TO PERSONS AND PROPERTY. 
 
 This account includes all expenses provided for under the fol- 
 lowing heads: 
 
 Accidents and Damages. — All expenses (other than law ex- 
 penses provided for under the following head) on account of per- 
 sons killed or injured and property damaged in connection with 
 the operation of the plant; salaries and expenses of claim agents, 
 investigators, adjusters, and others engaged in the investigation 
 of accidents and adjustment of claims; salaries, fees, and expenses 
 of surgeons and doctors; nursing, hospital attendance, medical and 
 surgical supplies; fees and expenses of coroners and undertakers; 
 contributions to hospitals; amounts paid in settlement of claims of 
 persons for personal injuries sustained in connection with the op- 
 eration of the plant, and amounts paid in settlement of claims for 
 damage to property not owned by the accounting corporation. 
 
 Note. — If it is desired that the charge to operating expenses on account of 
 accidents and damages shall be upon some arbitrary basis, the amount so 
 charged should be credited to "Insurance and Casualty Reserves," under 
 account No. 38, "Appiopriated Surplus— Reserves," and the actual dis- 
 bursements above enumerated should be charged to such reserve account. 
 
 Law Expenses Connected with Damages. — All law expenses 
 in connection with the defense or settlement of damage claims, 
 such as a proper proportion of the salary and expenses of the 
 general solicitor or counsel, and salaries, fees, and expenses of 
 attorneys engaged in this work, fees of court stenographers, ex- 
 penses connected with taking depositions, and other court expenses, 
 and the cost of law books, cost of printing briefs, court records, 
 and similar papers. 
 
 Note A. — The compensation of the general solicitor or counsel and other 
 attorneys engaged partly in the defense or settlement of damage suits and 
 partly in other legal work should be properly apportioned between this ac- 
 count and account G 168, "General Law Expenses." 
 
 Note B. — If it is desired that the charge to operating expenses on account 
 of law expenses in connection with damages shall be upon some arbitrary 
 basis, the amount so charged should be credited to "Insurance and Casualty 
 Reserves," under account No. 38, "Appropriated Surplus — Reserves," and 
 the actual disbursements above enumerated should be charged to such 
 reserve account. 
 
 G 176. STATIONERY AND PRINTING. 
 
 This account includes all expenses for stationery and printing, 
 stationery supplies, and postage, except as hereinafter provided : 
 
 The cost of printing briefs and other legal papers should be 
 charged to account G 168, "General Law Expenses," or to 
 account G 175, "Injuries to Persons and Property," in accord- 
 ance with the purpose of the printing. 
 
31 
 
 The cost of printing signs, posters, and other advertising mat- 
 ter should be charged to account G 161, "Advertising." 
 
 The cost of such mechanical calculators, typewriters, dupli- 
 cating machines, and other office appliances as are not properly 
 capitalized, should, if for use in general offices, be charged to 
 account G 167, "General Office Supplies and Expenses;" or if 
 for the use of departmental officers, to the proper departmental 
 accounts. 
 
 G 177. STORE EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes all salaries and expenses in connection 
 with storerooms, including cost of sending materials and supplies 
 from general storerooms to branch storerooms, and the collection 
 of scrap material. 
 
 G 178. STABLE EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of feed, keep, and shoeing of 
 horses, wages of stablemen and hostlers, veterinary expenses, and 
 all other expenses of stabling horses; also the cost of repairing 
 harness and vehicles. 
 
 G 179. MISCELLANEOUS ADJUSTMENTS— BALANCE. 
 
 This account includes: 
 
 Inventory Adjustments — Balance. — At least once a year 
 an inventory of materials and supplies should be taken, and the 
 difference (with respect to any particular class of materials and sup- 
 plies) between the ledger and inventory balances debited or cred- 
 ited to this account under this head in case it can not be assigned 
 to a specific account. 
 
 Discounts on Materials and Supplies — Cr. — Credit to this 
 account under this head all discounts received through the prompt 
 payment of bills for materials and supplies consumed in operation, 
 unless such discounts are applied to the particular bills. 
 
 Note. — Where materials and supplies have been used in construction as 
 well as in operation, a suitable proportion of the shortages or overages dis- 
 closed by the inventory may be debited or credited to account G 330, "Miscel- 
 laneous Construction Expenditures." 
 
 Duplicate Gas Charges — Cr. — Credit to this account under 
 this head all charges made to any accounts in gas operating ex- 
 penses for any gas or other product of gas operations of the cor- 
 poration consumed in such operations. 
 
 Gas Expenses Transferred — Cr. — Credit to this account 
 under this head the proportion of operating expenses, including 
 
32 
 
 depreciation and other amortization as well as repairs, chargeable 
 to other coordinate departments (such as electric or street rail- 
 road) within the same corporation, but defrayed in the first in- 
 stance by the gas department. 
 
 Note. — This account should not be credited witli any allowance in the 
 nature of rent or return upon the cost or value of property. 
 
 Joint Operating Expense — Cr. — When any plant or equip- 
 ment is maintained or operated by the accounting corporation 
 for the joint benefit of itself and others under an arrangement 
 for apportioning (on the basis of the relative amounts of benefit 
 to the several participants) the operating expenses, the portion 
 of such expenses chargeable to others under the arrangement 
 should be credited to this account under this head. The portion 
 so credited should not include any allowance for profit or return 
 upon the value of such property. 
 
 G 180. GENERAL STRUCTURES— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing all 
 buildings and structures (including permanent fixtures attached 
 thereto and grounds and driveways connected therewith) de- 
 voted to general corporate purposes, used in its operations, and 
 not assignable to any of the departmental accounts. This ac- 
 count includes such buildings as general office buildings, general 
 shops, general storehouses, general stables, etc. 
 
GROUP A— OPERATING ACCOUNTS FOR ELECTRIC CORPO- 
 RATIONS. 
 
 OPERATING REVENUES. 
 
 E 101. STREET AND PARK LIGHTING. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from current sold 
 for lighting public streets or parks. 
 
 E 102. COMMERCIAL LIGHTING. 
 This account includes: 
 
 Flat Rate. — All revenues received from consumers for elec- 
 tric lighting, other than street or park lighting, at flat rates, or on 
 any basis independent of the quantity of energy supplied. 
 
 Metered. — All revenues received from consumers for measured 
 electric energy supplied for electric lighting, other than street 
 or park lighting, where the total received is dependent on the 
 quantity of energy supplied. 
 
 Note. — Where electric energy flowing through any meter is used inciden- 
 tally for power purposes, such as running fans, sewing machines, etc., the 
 revenues derived therefrom should be credited to this account. 
 
 E103. COMMERCIAL POWER. 
 
 This account includes: 
 
 Flat Rate. — All revenues received from consumers, except 
 municipal, railroad, and other electric corporations, for electric 
 energy supplied for heat or power at epecial flat rates, or on any 
 basis independent of the quantity supplied. 
 
 Metered. — All revenues received from consumers, except 
 municipal, railroad, and other electric corporations, for measured 
 electric energy supplied for heat or power at special heat or power 
 rates, where the total received is dependent on the quantity of 
 energy supplied. 
 
 90306—09 3 (33) 
 
34 
 
 E 104. RAILWAY POWER. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from electric energy 
 sold to street and other railroad corporations for the propulsion of 
 their cars, for running their shops, and for other power, and for 
 heating purposes. If such energy is incidentally used for lighting 
 also, but the portion used for lighting is not separately measured, 
 the revenue therefrom should be included in this account. 
 
 E 105. OTHER ELECTRIC CORPORATIONS. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from the sale of elec- 
 tric energy to other electric corporations to be distributed by them 
 over their own lines to consumers. If any portion of such energy is 
 incidentally consumed by such corporations for their own benefit, 
 whether for light, heat, or power, it should be included herein, if 
 not separately measured or if included under the same contract 
 with that which is distributed by them to consumers. 
 
 E 106. ELECTRIC MERCHANDISE AND JOBBING. 
 
 This account includes all receipts from the sale of electric mer- 
 chandise and from electric jobbing. Charge to this account the 
 cost to the accounting corporation, including transportation charges 
 of electric merchandise sold. 
 
 Credit also to this account the profit or commission accruing 
 
 on all jobbing work performed by the corporation as agent under 
 
 agency contracts, whereunder it undertakes to do jobbing work for 
 
 another for a stipulated profit or commission upon its actual expense 
 
 for labor, materials, and supplies. 
 
 Note. — This account should not include receipts from the sale of superseded 
 equipment, or of junk or other scrap or salvage. 
 
 E 107. SALE OF BY-PRODUCTS. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from the sale of ashes, 
 cinders, chemical waste, gas-producer residuals, and other by- 
 products of electric operations. 
 
 E 108. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRIC REVENUE. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from electric opera- 
 tions not includible in any of the foregoing accounts. 
 
 E 109. JOINT ELECTRIC RENT REVENUE. 
 
 When a corporation engages in the production of power for 
 another company, or companies, under an arrangement for the 
 apportionment of expenses, and the arrangement provides for the 
 receipt by the producing corporation of any profit or return upon 
 
35 
 
 its investment, such profit or return should be credited to this 
 account. Such profit or return should be over and above any pro- 
 vision for depreciation or wear and tear in production, and the 
 amount thereof should be as provided in the arrangement under 
 which the production occurs. 
 
 E 110. SALE OF STEAM. 
 
 This account includes all revenue derived from the sale of steam. 
 
 E 111. RENT OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 
 
 This account includes all revenues derived from the rent of land 
 and buildings used in connection with operations. 
 
 Note. — Income from rent of real estate purchased or conducted as an out- 
 side investment should be included in account No. 58, "Miscellaneous Rent 
 Revenues, " under Income, after deducting all taxes, instu-ance, cost of repairs, 
 and other expenses coimected with such real estate. 
 
 E 112. RENT OF EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes all revenue derived from the rent of 
 electric equipment when the cost of operation and maintenance 
 is included in operating expenses. 
 
 OPERATING EXPENSES. 
 
 L PEODUOTIOlf EXPENSES. 
 E 120. POWER-PLANT WAGES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor employed in and about 
 power plant in the production of electricity. This account may 
 be subdivided, if desired, into the following groups: 
 
 Superintendence. — Pay and expenses of superintendents and 
 assistants, chemists, clerks, janitors, watchmen, elevator men, and 
 also that portion of the salaries and expenses of the engineering 
 staff assignable to operating plant. 
 
 Boiler Labor. — Pay of fire-room engineers and assistants, 
 water tenders, firemen, coal handlers, ash handlers, boiler clean- 
 ers, and feed pump men. 
 
 Engine Labor. — Pay of chief engineers and assistants, engi- 
 neers, machinists, oilers, wipers, and others engaged in the opera- 
 tion of steam or other engines employed in the manufacturing 
 process. 
 
 Electric Labor. — Pay of electricians, load dispatchers, fore- 
 men over regulators, regulators and assistants, switchboard men, 
 brushmen, wipers, wiremen, and others engaged in the operation 
 of electric apparatus or devices. 
 
36 
 
 E 121. FUEL. 
 
 Thia account includes the cost (delivered in storage) of fuel used 
 in the production of electricity. 
 
 E 122. WATER. 
 
 This account includes the cost of water used in the production 
 of electricity. 
 
 E 123. LUBRICANTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of lubricants used in the gener- 
 ating station. 
 
 E 124. STEAM FROM OTHER SOURCES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all purchased or jointly pro- 
 duced steam consumed in the power plant of the electric depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Note.— In case such steam is jointly produced, i. e., produced by another 
 person or corporation under a joint arrangement for sharing the cost of produc- 
 tion in proportion to the benefits to the several participants, the charge to this 
 account may include a proportion to cover depreciation of plant employed as 
 well as the proportion of direct expense, but it should not include any allow- 
 ance for profit or return upon the cost or value of the plant. Such allowance 
 or return upon property should be charged to account No. 71, "Other De- 
 ductions from Gross Corporate Income." 
 
 E 125. ELECTRIC ENERGY FROM OTHER SOURCES. 
 
 This account includes the cost, at the point of delivery to the 
 corporation, of all electric energy purchased or produced for the 
 corporation by another corporation under any joint arrangement 
 for the sharing of expense upon the basis of the relative amounts 
 of benefit to the several participants, inclusive of provision in 
 such expense for depreciation of plant, but exclusive of allowance 
 for profit or return upon the cost or value of property used in 
 such production. 
 
 E 126. MISCELLANEOUS POWER-PLANT EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes such expenses of operation of power plant 
 as are not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 E 130. POWER-PLANT BUILDINGS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing buildings and struc- 
 tures used for power-station purposes; cost of repairing fixtures 
 therein; cost of maintaining walks, driveways, and grounds con- 
 nected with such buildings; cost of delivering material, including 
 freight charges, if any; and all incidental expenses connected with 
 the maintenance of such buildings and structures. 
 
37 
 
 The term "buildings and structures," in addition to embracing 
 the buildings proper, should be understood to include fixtures when 
 immovable and built in; permanent foundations and piers; pipes 
 for gas, water, sewerage, and drainage; apparatus for heating, 
 lighting, and ventilating; freight and passenger elevators, with 
 fixtures and appurtenances; platforms; appliances for protecting 
 buildings against fires; fences, walls, sidewalks, and pavements 
 within the limits of grounds immediately adjacent to such 
 buildings. 
 
 Note. — Tlie cost of replacement of a building or structure, when $100 or 
 more, should be treated through the appropriate capital account; when less 
 than $100, it may be charged directly to this account. 
 
 E 131. MOTIVE POWER— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing the 
 machinery and apparatus belonging to the motive-power equip- 
 ment of the generating station. It may be divided into the fol- 
 lowing subaccounts: 
 
 Boilers and Furnaces. — Cost of repairing and renewing boilers 
 and furnaces, and their foundations, settings, and flue connections, 
 including brickwork, bridge wall, arches, jambs, grate bars, stoker 
 bars and webs, furnaces, valves, superheaters, damper regulators, 
 tubes, and iron smokestacks. 
 
 Boiler Apparatus. — Cost of repairing and renewing feed water, 
 coal and ash handling systems, and auxiliary apparatus in the 
 fireroom; including feed pumps, blower engines, coal conveyers, 
 trolleys, and cable towers, crusher and belt links, brackets, wheels, 
 chutes, and gates; ash-conveyer cars, winches, motors, buckets, 
 shafts, chains, and wheels; filters, boiler injectors and pumps; 
 heaters, primary and secondary; economizers, and water meters. 
 
 Steam Accessories. — Cost of repairing and renewing the pip- 
 ing system in connection with the making of steam and delivery 
 thereof to the prime movers; including water feed piping, cold 
 main, hot main, water suction, valves, joints, jackets, ash-pit 
 drains and ash-pocket siphons, oil drains from engine-crank pits, 
 receiving tanks, filter pumps to engine valve, steam and exhaust 
 line systems, sewer connections, and air line. 
 
 Engines. — Cost of repairing and renewing steam engines, recip- 
 rocating or turbine. 
 
 Steam Engine Equipment. — Cost of repairing and renewing 
 apparatus auxiliary to the prime movers, including condensers, 
 packing tubes, renewing tubes, heads and doors; air, vacuum, and 
 oil pumps. 
 
38 
 
 Other Poweh Equipment.— Cost of repairing and renewing 
 hydraulic structures and equipment, water tiurbines and water 
 wheels, gas producers and accessories, and gas engines and other 
 power equipment devoted to production of electric energy and 
 not included in any of the foregoing subaccounts. 
 
 E 132. ELECTRICAL APPARATUS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor and material used for re- 
 pairing and renewing machinery and apparatus pertaining to the 
 electric generating equipment. This account may be divided into 
 the following subaccounts: 
 
 Electric Generators — Cost of repairing and renewing dy- 
 namos, alternators, and other electric generating apparatus, driven 
 by steam, gas or water power, and rotariea and motor generating 
 sets, exciters, etc., when not installed in connection with trans- 
 mission system. 
 
 Accessory Electric Equipment. — Cost of repairing and renew- 
 ing the electric generating apparatus not includible in the fore- 
 going account. This includes bus-bars, regulators, station cables, 
 station switchboards and equipment, such as circuit breakers, 
 switches, ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, etc. (and their 
 specially provided foundations and settings), and the station 
 terminal board; also head-gate motors, pump motors, air-com- 
 pressor motors, etc., and special high-tension transmission equip- 
 ment at power stations, but not wiring for lighting the station. 
 
 E 133. MISCELLANEOUS POWER-PLANT EQUIPMENT— MAIN- 
 TENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing station 
 apparatus not includible in the foregoing repair accounts, particu- 
 larly the power-transmission equipment, such as shafting, belting, 
 and clutches; motors, hoists, cranes, etc. 
 
 E 134. POWER-PLANT TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS— MAINTE- 
 NANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing station tools and 
 implements that have been capitalized, except fire tools, provided 
 for elsewhere. Among the principal items in this account are 
 blacksmiths', machinists', and pipe fitters' tools, pump-room 
 tools, engLQe tools, and cutting tools. 
 
 Note.— Hand and other small portable tools liable to be lost or stolen should 
 be charged, when first acquired and before issued for use, to a suitable materials 
 and supplies account. When issued, they should be charged to the appro- 
 priate expense account. Portable tools and apparatus of special value may, 
 however, be charged to the appropriate tangible capital account and may re- 
 main therein so long as record is kept of the persons to whom such tools and 
 apparatus are issued and such persons are held responsible therefor. 
 
39 
 
 n. TEAUSMISSION EXPENSES. 
 
 E 140. TRANSMISSION SUBWAY RENT. 
 
 This account includes the rents payable accruing for ducts 
 leased from other corporations or from a municipal corporation. 
 
 Note. — In case the rented subway is used for distribution as well as for 
 transmission, the rent should be apportioned between this account and 
 account E 172, "Distribution Subway Rent." 
 
 E 141. SUBSTATION LABOR. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all labor employed in super- 
 intending the operation of substations, including not only that of 
 regulators, brushmen, and others engaged in operating the electric 
 apparatus and storage batteries, but also that of clerks, janitors, 
 watchmen, etc. 
 
 E 142. SUBSTATION SUPPLIES AND EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of supplies consumed and ex- 
 penses incurred in connection with the operation of substations, such 
 as telephone rents, light, heat, etc. ; also the cost of storage battery 
 supplies, such as acid and distilled water in cells, soda sponges, 
 brooms, mops, waste, rags, hydrometers, thermometers, automatic 
 cell fillers, rubber hose, gloves, shoes, paint, etc., and brushes for 
 boosters and compensators. 
 
 E 150. TRANSMISSION POLES AND FIXTURES— MAINTE- 
 NANCE. 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing poles, 
 cross-arms, and insulator pins; braces, brackets, and other pole 
 fixtiu-es; guys and other supports for holding the poles, towers, 
 and other structures in position; also repairs of towers and other 
 structures maintained primarily for supporting the overhead trans- 
 mission system. 
 This account does not include insulators. 
 
 Note A. — The cost of repairing and renewing poles and fixtures which 
 carry both transmission and distribution conductors should be apportioned 
 between this account and account E 190, "Distribution Poles and Fixtiu-es — 
 Maintenance." 
 
 Note B. — When the individual cost of replacement of towers and other 
 structures maintained primarily for supporting the overhead electric con- 
 struction is $100 or more, it should be treated through the appropriate capital 
 account. When the individual cost is less than $100, the replacement ma> 
 be charged directly to this accoimt. 
 
40 
 
 E 151. OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION SYSTEM— MAINTENANCE. 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and maintaining 
 overhead trunk lines between generating stations and Bubstations, 
 including patrolling and testing, and all repairs. 
 
 E 152. UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION CONDUITS— MAIN- 
 TENANCE. 
 This account includes the cost of patrolling and inspecting as 
 well as of repairing transmission underground conduits, including 
 the cost of renewing ducts and pipes, enlarging and repairing 
 manholes, repaying streets over such structures, etc. This ac- 
 count does not include any repairs of conductors or of the insula- 
 tion thereof. 
 
 Note. — The cost of maintaining underground conduits wtdcli carry both 
 transmission and distribution conductors should be apportioned between this 
 account and account E 192, "Underground Distribution Conduits — Mainte- 
 nance." 
 
 E 153. UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM— MAINTE- 
 NANCE. 
 This account includes the cost of inspecting and repairing under- 
 ground transmission cables. 
 
 Note. — This account does not include the cost of repairing poles and fix- 
 tures, for which see account E 150, "Transmission Poles and Fixtures — 
 Maintenance." 
 
 E 154. SUBSTATION BUILDINGS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing substation buildings 
 and permanent fixtures therein, including grounds and adjacent 
 streets, vaults, sheds, pits, sidewalks, etc.; also cost of repairing 
 storage battery accessories, such as tanks, battery-room floor, 
 switches, regulating apparatus, boosters, and compensators. 
 
 E 155. SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing apparatus in substa- 
 tions, including substation cables, switchboards, and instruments, 
 station terminal board, etc. ; also the cost of renewing storage bat- 
 eries, including cells, diaphragms, negative and positive plates, 
 lead in strip, spelter, pails, candles, dry boards, tank bands, sheet 
 lead, glass plates, glass covers, hydrogen generators, jumpers, 
 clamps, lampblack, etc. 
 
41 
 
 in. DISTEIBUTION EXPENSES. 
 
 E 170. DISTRIBUTION SUPERINTENDENCE. 
 
 This account includes the pay and expenses of superintendents 
 and clerks, and also that portion of the salaries of the engineer- 
 ing staff of the company which is assignable to distribution. 
 
 E 171. DISTRIBUTION OFFICE EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all supplies and other expenses 
 of the office of the superintendent of the distribution department. 
 
 E 172. DISTRIBUTION SUBWAY RENT. 
 
 This account includes the rents payable accruing for underground 
 conduits used for distribution conductors. 
 
 E 173. SETTING AND REMOVING METERS AND TRANS- 
 FORMERS. 
 This account includes the cost of all supplies consumed and 
 expenses incurred in connection with the operation of consumers' 
 meters and transformers, including setting and removing, con- 
 necting and disconnecting services, etc. 
 
 Note.— If it is the policy of tlie accounting corporation to charge the cost 
 of the first setting of consumers' meters to capital, such charge should be 
 made to account E 326, "Electric Meter Installation." 
 
 E 174. ELECTRIC METER OPERATION. 
 
 This accotmt includes the salaries and expenses of superintend- 
 ents and clerks in the meter bureau; also that portion of the salaries 
 of the engineering staff of the corporation assignable to this account; 
 also the cost of hght, heat, ice, water, and other suppUes and 
 expenses in connection with the meter-testing bureau; and the 
 cost of testing meters on consumers' premises or in meter shops. 
 
 E 175. COMMERCIAL ARC LAMPS— OPERATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of supphes, such as carbons, globes, 
 etc., consumed in operating, and of labor employed in trimming and 
 inspecting arc lamps on private consumers' premises. 
 
 E 176. COMMERCIAL INCANDESCENT LAMPS— OPERATION. 
 This account includes the cost of first installation of incandescent 
 lamps on private consumers' premises unless consumer is charged 
 for first installation or unless it is proper to charge first installa- 
 tion to capital. 
 
42 
 
 E 177. COMMERCIAL INCANDESCENT LAMPS— RENEWALS. 
 This account includes the cost of renewing incandescent lamps on 
 consumers' premises, including cartage and delivery expense, and 
 the cost of photometering incandescent lamps. Credit to this 
 account any rebate received for the return of stubs, or allowances 
 relating thereto. 
 
 E 178. COMMERCIAL GLOWER LAMPS— OPERATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of supplies consumed in operating, 
 and labor employed in trimming and inspecting glower lamps on 
 private consumers' premises. 
 
 E 179. CUSTOMERS' SIGNS— OPERATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of first installation of signs unless 
 charged to customer and unless it is proper to charge such first 
 installation to capital; also cost of labor employed in inspecting 
 
 customers' signs. 
 
 E 180. PUBLIC ARC LAMPS— OPERATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of supplies (such as carbons, 
 globes, etc.) consumed in operating, and labor employed in trim- 
 ming and inspecting arc lamps in public lighting systems. 
 
 E 181. PUBLIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS— OPERATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of first installation of incandes- 
 cent lamps in the public street lighting system, unless it is paid 
 by the municipal corporation, or unless the lamps are of such 
 character that it is proper to charge to capital; also cost of labor of 
 inspecting such lamps. 
 
 E 182. PUBLIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS— RENEWALS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of renewing incandescent lamps 
 in the public street lighting system. 
 
 E 183. PUBLIC GLOWER LAMPS— OPERATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all supplies consumed in op- 
 erating, and labor employed in trimming and inspecting glower 
 lamps in the public lighting system. 
 
 E 184. MISCELLANEOUS DISTRIBUTION LABOR. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor employed in attending 
 to complaints, improving character of commercial service, or in 
 gratuitous work on consumers' premises beyond the end of meter or 
 outlet connection; locating faults or grounds on commercial cir- 
 
43 
 
 cuitB and services and removing the trouble; pumping out man- 
 holes; turning current on or off; and of other labor in distribution 
 system not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 E 185. MISCELLANEOUS DISTRIBUTION SUPPLIES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of supplies connected with distri- 
 bution not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 E 190. DISTRIBUTION POLES AND FIXTURES— MAINTE- 
 NANCE. 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing poles, 
 cross-arms, and insulator pins; braces, brackets, and other pole 
 fixtures; guys and other supports for holding the poles, towers, 
 and other structures in position; also the cost of repairs of towers 
 and other structures maintained primarily for supporting the 
 overhead distribution system. 
 This account does not include insulators. 
 
 Note A.— The cost of repairing poles and fixtures that carry both trans- 
 mission and distribution conductors shouid be apportioned between this ac- 
 count and accoimt E 160, "Transmission Poles and Fixtiues— Maintenance." 
 
 Note B.— When the individual cost of replacement of towers and other 
 structures maintained primarily tor supporting the overhead electric con- 
 struction is SlOO or more, it should be treated through the appropriate capital 
 account. When the individual cost is less than $100, the replacement may 
 be charged directly to this account. 
 
 E 191. OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM— MAINTE- 
 NANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of patrolling, testing, and re- 
 pairing the overhead conductors in the distribution system. 
 
 E 192. UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION CONDUITS— MAIN- 
 TENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of maintaining subways and un- 
 derground conduits, including repairs of the tube, of manholes, of 
 paving over such subways, and of all ducts and conduits, but not 
 repairs of conductors or of the insulation thereof. 
 
 Note. — The cost of maintaining (including patrolling and inspecting) 
 underground conduits and subways which carry both transmission and dis- 
 tribution conductors should be apportioned between this account and 
 account E 152, "Underground Transmission Conduits — Maintenance." 
 
 E 193. UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM— MAIN- 
 TENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the salaries and expenses of patrolmen, 
 testers, etc., as well as the cost of repairing damaged subway dis- 
 tribution conductors. 
 
44 
 
 E 194. ELECTRIC METERS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing meters in distribu- 
 tion service, including new parts and new jewels; also the cost 
 of cleaning and painting. 
 
 E 195. TRANSFORMERS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor and material consumed 
 in maintaining transformers, including renewing oil, repainting, 
 rewinding, removing, and replacing; also repairs of such switches 
 and cut-outs on consumers' premises as are the property of the 
 corporation. 
 
 E 196. ELECTRIC SERVICES— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This acccount includes the cost of repairing and renewing un- 
 derground and overhead ser^aces leading from mains to consumers' 
 premises. 
 
 E 197. COMMERCIAL ARC LAMPS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This accoiint includes the cost of keeping in repair private con- 
 sumers ' arc lamps, including setting and removing lamps, repair- 
 ing parts, changing for repairs and adjustment, and testing during 
 adjustment and after repairs. 
 
 E 198. COMMERCIAL GLOWER LAMPS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of keeping in repair private con- 
 sumers' glower lamps, including setting and removing, repairing 
 parts, changing for repairs and adjustments, and testing during 
 adjustment after repairs. 
 
 E 199. PUBLIC ARC LAMPS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of changing location of public arc 
 lamp posts; changing lamps for repairs, adjustments, or renewals; 
 repairs of mast arms, hangers, poles, ropes, etc.; painting poles; 
 also that portion of the arc lamp shop expense assignable thereto. 
 
 E 200. PUBLIC GLOWER LAMPS— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of changing location of public 
 glower lamp posts, changing lamps for repairs or adjustment, re- 
 pairs of mast arms, hangers, poles, ropes, etc., and painting poles. 
 
 E 201. MISCELLANEOUS DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT- 
 MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing equipment of distribu- 
 tion system not provided for elsewhere. 
 
45 
 
 IV. OOMMEEOIAL EXPENSES. 
 
 E 210. COMMERCIAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 This account includes the following: 
 
 Commercial Department Indexing. — The cost of reading or 
 indexing meters, including the cost of indexers' lamps. 
 
 Commercial Department Collecting. — The expenses of the 
 collection- bureau, including collectors' salaries or commissions, 
 badges, car fares, and delivering bills. 
 
 Commercial Department Contracts. — Such part of the cost 
 of the contract department as is not assignable to the Promotion 
 Office, including attention to bill questions. 
 
 Commercial Department Accounting. — The cost of keeping 
 the accounts of consumers, being a proper proportion of the salaries 
 and expenses of the general officer and assistants in charge of the 
 commercial department, and salaries of bookkeepers and all 
 clerks in the accounting department having to do with consumers' 
 accounts. 
 
 Commercial Department, Miscellaneous. — All expenses 
 incurred in selling electric power and products, in determining the 
 amount of such sales, in making collections, and in keeping account 
 of such sales and collections as are not includible in the foregoing 
 subaccounts, or in the two following accounts for promotion 
 expenses. 
 
 E 211. ADVERTISING. 
 
 This account includes the salaries and expenses of the advertis- 
 ing manager and clerks; the cost of commercial advertising, in- 
 cluding booklets, dodgers, newspaper advertisements, posters, 
 bulletins, and similar items. 
 
 E 212. OTHER COMMERCIAL EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of canvassing and solicitiog, pro- 
 motion, and development, and other commercial expenses not 
 provided for elsewhere. 
 
 V. GEUEEAL AND MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 
 
 E 220. SALARIES AND EXPENSES OF GENERAL OFFICERS. 
 This account includes the salaries and traveling and incidental 
 expenses of the chairman of the board, president, vice-president, 
 treasurer, secretary, comptroller, general auditor, general manager, 
 assistant general manager, chief engineer, general superintendent, 
 purchasing agent, and all other officers whose jurisdiction extends 
 to the entire system and whose services can not be satisfactorily 
 allocated to the several departments. 
 
46 
 
 E221. SALARIES AND EXPENSES OF GENERAL OFFICE 
 CLERKS. 
 This account includes the salaries and traveling and incidental 
 expenses of general office auditors, bookkeepers, cashiers, pay- 
 masters, stenographers, clerks employed in counting cash, and all 
 other clerks employed in the general office. 
 
 Note. — Pay of clerks in the commercial department should be charged to 
 account E 210, "Commercial Administration." 
 
 E 222. GENERAL OFFICE SUPPLIES AND EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of office supplies, repairs of office 
 furniture, and renewals of such furniture as has not been capital- 
 ized; wages of janitors, porters, and messengers; rent of rooms in 
 office buildings, repairs of such rented rooms, and all other mis- 
 cellaneous expenses of general offices. Office expenses of depart- 
 mental officers should be charged to the proper departmental 
 accounts. 
 
 E 223. GENERAL LAW EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes all law expenses except those incurred in 
 the defense and settlement of damage claims. This includes 
 salaries and expenses of counsel, solicitors, and attorneys, their 
 clerks and attendants, and expenses of their offices; cost of law 
 books; printing briefs, legal forms, testimony, reports, etc.; fees 
 and retainers for services of attorneys not regular employees; court 
 costs and special, notarial, and witness fees not provided for else- 
 where; expenses connected with taking depositions, and all law 
 and court expenses not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 Note.— The compensation of the general solicitor or counsel or other attor- 
 neys engaged partly in the defense or settlement of damage suits and partly in 
 other legal work, should be properly apportioned between this account and 
 account E 229, "Injuries to Persons and Property." 
 
 E 224. MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of telephone and telegraph serv- 
 ice, and other miscellaneous expenses (including all expense spe- 
 , cially incurred in connection with the utilization and sale of by- 
 products, such as battery and other chemical waste, etc.) connected 
 with the general management and not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 E 225. INSURANCE. 
 
 This account includes all premiums paid to insurance companies 
 for fire, fidelity, boiler, casualty, burglar, and all other insurance; 
 also amounts set aside as an insurance reserve. 
 
47 
 
 E 226. RELIEF DEPARTMENT AND PENSIONS. 
 
 This account includes all salaries and expenses incurred in con- 
 nection with conducting a relief department, and contributions 
 made to such department; also pensions paid to retired employees, 
 and expenses in connection therewith. 
 
 E 227. ELECTRIC FRANCHISE REQUIREMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all energy and materials and 
 supplies furnished to municipal corporations in compliance with 
 franchise requirements, for which no payment is received by the 
 corporation; also all direct expense, such as of paving, etc., in- 
 curred in compliance with such requirements for which no reim- 
 bursement is received by the corporation. Amounts charged to 
 this account for which there is no direct money outlay should 
 be credited to Duplicate Electric Charges — Cr., under account E 
 233, "Miscellaneous Adjustments — Balance." 
 
 E 228. GENERAL AMORTIZATION. 
 
 This account includes monthly charges of the amount estimated 
 to be necessary to cover such wear and tear, obsolescence, and 
 inadequacy as have accrued during the month in the tangible elec- 
 tric capital of the corporation, such portion of the life of intangible 
 fixed capital as has expired or been consumed during the month, 
 and the amount estimated to be necessary to provide a reserve to 
 cover the cost of property destroyed by extraordinary casualties; 
 less the amounts charged for that month to the various main- 
 tenance accounts for repairs. The amount charged (or credited) 
 to this account shall be concurrently credited (or charged) to the 
 reserve account No. 37, "Accrued Amortization of Capital." 
 
 Note. — The amount estimated to be necessary to cover such wear and tear 
 and obsolescence and inadequacy as have accrued during any month should 
 be based on a rule determined by the accounting corporation. Such rule may 
 be derived from a consideration of the said corporation's history and experience 
 during the preceding five years, and the accrual may be on the basis of kilowatt 
 hours. Amortization of intangible capital should likewise be based on rule. 
 
 E 229. INJURIES TO PERSONS AND PROPERTY. 
 
 This account includes all expenses provided for under the fol- 
 lowing heads: 
 
 Accidents and Damages. — This head includes all expenses 
 (other than law expenses provided for under the succeeding head) 
 on account of persons killed or injured and property damaged in 
 connection with the operation of the plant; pay, and expenses of 
 claim agents, investigators, adjusters, and others engaged in the 
 
48 
 
 investigation of accidents and adjustments of claims; salanes, 
 fees, and expenses of surgeons and doctors; cost of nursing, hospital 
 attendance, medical and surgical supplies; fees and expenses of 
 coroners and undertakers; contributions to hospitals; amounts 
 paid in settlement of claims of persons for personal injuries sus- 
 tained in connection with the operation of the plant, and amounts 
 paid in settlement of claims for damage to property not owned by 
 the accounting corporation. 
 
 Note.— If it is desired that the cliarge to operating expenses on account ol 
 accidents and damages shall be upon some arbitrary basis, tbe amount so 
 charged should be credited to Insurance and Casualty Reserves, under 
 account No. 38, "Appropriated Surplus — Heserves," and the actual disbvirse- 
 ments above enumerated should be charged against such reserve account. 
 
 Law Expenses Connected with Damages. — Charge to this 
 account all law expenses in connection with the defense or settle- 
 ment of damage claims, such as a proper proportion of the salary 
 and expenses of the general solicitor or counsel; salaries, fees, and 
 expenses of attorneys engaged in this work; fees of court ste- 
 nographers, expenses connected with taking depositions, and other 
 court expenses; cost of law books; also cost of printing briefs, court 
 records, and similar papers. 
 
 Note A.— The compensation of the general solicitor or counsel and other 
 attorneys engaged partly in the defense or settlement of damage suits and 
 partly in other legal work should be properly apportioned between this 
 account and account E 223, " General Law Expenses." 
 
 Note B.— If it is desired that the charge to operating expenses on account 
 of law expenses in connection with damages shall be upon some arbitrary 
 basis, the amount so charged should be credited to Insurance and Casualty 
 Reserves, under account No. 38, "Appropriated Surplus — Reserves," and 
 the actual disbursements above enumerated should be charged against such 
 reserve account. 
 
 E 230, STATIONERY AND PRINTING. 
 
 This account includes all expenses for stationery and printing, 
 stationery supplies, and postage, except as hereinafter provided. 
 
 The cost of printing briefs and other legal papers should be 
 charged to account E 223, "General Law Expenses" or to law 
 expenses connected with damages, under account E 229, "In- 
 juries to Persons and Property," in accordance with the pur- 
 pose of the printing. 
 
 The cost of printing signs, posters, and other advertising matter 
 should be charged to account E 211, "Advertising." 
 
 The cost of such mechanical calculators, typewriters, duplicating 
 machines, and other office appliances as are not properly capital- 
 
49 
 
 ized should, if for use in general offices, be charged to account E 222, 
 ' ' General Office Supplies and Expenaea ; " or if for the use of depart- 
 mental offices, to the proper departmental accounts. 
 
 E 231. STORE EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes all salaries and expenses in connection 
 with storerooms, includiug coat of sending material and supplies 
 from general storerooms to branch storerooms, and the collection 
 of scrap material. 
 
 E232. STABLE EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of feed, keep, and shoeing of 
 horses, wages of stablemen and hostlers, veteriuary expenses, and 
 all other expenses of stabling horses; also the cost of repairing 
 harness and vehicles. 
 
 Note. — The cost of horses purchased to replace others should be charged to 
 account E 306, " General Equipment." 
 
 E 233. MISCELLANEOUS ADJUSTMENTS— BALANCE. 
 
 This account includes: 
 
 Inventory Adjustments — Balance. — At least once a year an 
 inventory of materials and supplies should be taken, and the differ- 
 ence, with respect to any particular class of materials and supplies, 
 between the ledger and inventory balances debited or credited to 
 this account in case it can not be assigned to a specific account. 
 DiscoTTNTS ON MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES — Cr. — Credit to this 
 account all discounts recovered through the prompt payment 
 of bills for materials and supplies consumed in operation, unless 
 such discounts are applied to the particular bills. 
 
 Note. — Where materials and supplies have been used in construction as 
 well as in operation, a suitable proportion of the shortages or overages dis- 
 closed by the inventory may be debited or credited to account E 338 "Mis- 
 cellaneous Construction Expenditures." 
 
 Duplicate Electric Charges — Cr. — Credit to this account 
 all charges made to any accounts in electric operating expenses 
 with respect to any electric power or other product of electric oper- 
 ations of the corporation consumed in such operations. 
 
 Electric Expenses Transferred — Cr. — Credit to this account 
 the proportion of operating expenses (including depreciation and 
 other amortization, as well as repairs) chargeable to coordinate 
 departments, such as gas or street railroad, within the same cor- 
 
 90306—09 4 
 
50 
 
 poration, but defrayed in the first instance by the electric depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Note. — This account sbould not be credited with any allowance In the 
 nature of rent or return upon the cost or value of property. 
 
 Joint Operating Expenses — Ce. — When any plant or equip- 
 ment is maintained or operated by the accounting corporation for 
 the joint benefit of itself and others, under an arrangement for 
 apportioning the operating expenses on the basis of the relative 
 amounts of benefit to the several participants the portion of 
 such expenses chargeable to others under the arrangement should 
 be credited to this account unless the companies at interest can 
 equitably apportion the expenses of production to their respective 
 primary accounts. The portion so credited should not include 
 any allowance for profit or return upon the value of such property. 
 
 Note A.— The foregoing should be read in connection with the deftoition of 
 revenue account E 109, "Joint Electric Rent Revenue." 
 
 Note B. — In the case of the production of power, part of which is transferred 
 to another, if the arrangement under which such production occurs does not 
 provide for the apportionment of expenses, the entire amount charged for the 
 portion supplied should be credited to the appropriate revenue account 
 covering the sale of power. 
 
 E 240. GENERAL STRUCTURES— MAINTENANCE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of repairing and renewing all build- 
 ings and structures, including permanent fixtures attached thereto 
 and grounds and driveways connected therewith , devoted to gen- 
 eral corporate purposes, used in its operations, and not assign- 
 able to any of the departmental accounts. This account in- 
 cludes such buildings as general office buildings, general shops, 
 general storehouses, general stables, etc. 
 
GROUP B.— INCOME ACCOUNTS FOR GAS CORPORATIONS 
 AND ELECTRIC CORPORATIONS. 
 
 FORM OF INCOME ACCOUNT STATEMENT. 
 
 OPERATING INCOME: 
 
 51. Operating Revenues. 
 
 52. Operating Expenses. 
 
 Net Operating Revenue or Deficit. 
 
 OUTSIDE OPERATIONS: 
 
 53. Revenues. 
 
 54. Expenses. 
 
 Net Revenue or Deficit from Outside Operations. 
 Total Net Revenue or Deficit. 
 
 DEDUCTIONS FROM TOTAL NET REVENUE: 
 
 55. Taxes. 
 
 56. Uncollectible Customers' Bills. 
 
 Total Deductions from Net Revenue. 
 Net Operating Income. 
 
 OTHER INCOME: 
 
 57. Rents Accrued from Lease of Plant. 
 
 58. Miscellaneous Rent Revenues. 
 
 59. Dividend Revenues. 
 
 60. Interest Revenues. 
 
 61. Miscellaneous Nonoperating Income. 
 
 Total Other Income. 
 
 Gross Corporate Income. 
 
 DEDUCTIONS FROM GROSS CORPORATE INCOME: 
 
 62. Rents Accrued for Lease of Other Plants. 
 
 63. Miscellaneous Rents — Dr. 
 
 64. Loss on Operations of Others. 
 
 65. Interest Deductions. 
 
 (51) 
 
52 
 
 66. Bad Debts Written Off. 
 
 67. Sinking Funds Chargeable to Income. 
 
 68. Amortization of Landed Capital. 
 
 69. Amortization of Debt Discount and Expenses. 
 
 70. Amortization of Premium on Debt — Or. 
 
 71. Otlier Deductions from Gross Corporate Income. 
 
 Total Deductions from Gross Corporate Income. 
 Net Corporate Income or Deficit. 
 
 DISPOSITION OF NET CORPORATE INCOME: 
 
 72. Dividends Declared: 
 
 (a) On Common Stock. 
 
 (b) On Preferred Stock. 
 
 (c) On Other Securities. 
 
 73. Appropriations to Reserves. 
 
 74. Other Deductions from Surplus. 
 
 Total Deductions from Net Corporate Income. 
 Surplus or Deficit for Year. 
 
 INCOME AOCOUIfTS. 
 
 51. OPERATING REVENUES. 
 
 This account includes the total operating revenues per classifi- 
 cation in Group A . 
 
 52. OPERATING EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the total operating expenses per classifi- 
 cation in Group A. 
 
 53. OUTSIDE OPERATIONS— REVENUES. 
 
 This account includes the total revenues from outside operations. 
 
 54. OUTSIDE OPERATIONS— EXPENSES. 
 
 This account includes the total expenses from outside operations- 
 
 55. TAXES. 
 
 This account includes all franchise taxes and taxes on property 
 of all kinds owned or leased by the corporation. An open account 
 should be kept to which should be charged monthly the amount 
 of taxes accruing during the month (estimated, if not known), 
 credit being made to account No. 33, "Taxes Accrued," or, if the 
 tax is prepaid, to account No. 19, "Taxes Paid in Advance." 
 Discrepancies between estimates and actual levies should be ad- 
 justed as soon as known. 
 
53 
 
 56. UNCOLLECTIBLE CUSTOMERS' BILLS. 
 
 When any account stated for electric energy or gas sold has 
 proved, after reasonably diligent effort, impracticable of collection, 
 the amount should be charged to this account and credited to the 
 account receivable in which it has heretofore been carried. 
 
 57. RENTS ACCRUED FROM LEASE OF PLANT. 
 
 Credit to this account monthly, as they accrue, all revenues from 
 lease of plant or equipment. The account contemplates that the 
 taxes on property leased are payable by the lessee and are charged 
 by him to the appropriate tax account. If, under the contract of 
 lease, such taxes are payable by the lessor or its assignee, they 
 should be charged to this revenue account and not to any of the 
 lessor's tax or expense accounts. 
 
 58. MISCELLANEOUS RENT REVENUES. 
 
 Credit to this account monthly, as they accrue, all miscellaneous 
 rent revenues from lease of property other than plant or equip- 
 ment. Such revenues should be classified as follows: 
 
 Leasehold Revenues. — All revenues from any lease the entire 
 term of which is greater than one year. This account contem- 
 plates that the taxes on property so leased are payable by the 
 lessee and are charged by him to the appropriate tax account. 
 If, under the contract of lease, such taxes are payable by the lessor 
 or its assignee, they should be charged to this revenue account 
 and not to any of the lessor's tax or expense accounts. 
 
 Other Rent Revenues. — All revenues from any lease or con- 
 tract the entire term of which does not exceed one year, or which is 
 held at will or upon sufferance. This account contemplates that 
 the taxes on property so leased are payable by the landlord and are 
 charged by him to the appropriate tax account. If, under the 
 contract of lease, the taxes are payable by the tenant, the amount 
 of such taxes should be credited month by month to this account 
 as they accrue, and should correspondingly be charged to the 
 appropriate tax account. 
 
 59. DIVIDEND REVENUES. 
 
 Credit to this account at their cash value, and as of date when 
 collectible, dividends declared by solvent concerns on stocks held 
 by the accounting corporation among its investments. 
 
54 
 
 60. INTEREST REVENUES. 
 
 Credit to this account moutlily all interest accruing to the cor- 
 poration upon such of its investments as are liabilities of solvent 
 concerns or individuals; also interest on bank balances, notes, 
 loans, or other accounts. 
 
 61. MISCELLANEOUS NONOPERATING INCOME. 
 
 Credit to this account all nonoperating income accruing to the 
 company and not provided for in any of the foregoing accounts. 
 
 62. RENTS ACCRUED FOR LEASE OF OTHER PLANTS. 
 
 Charge to this account monthly all amounts accrued against the 
 accounting corporation tor rent of plant and equipment which 
 it holds under some form of lease from another company or corpora- 
 tion and of which it has the exclusive possession. Taxes accrued 
 on such plant and equipment should not be charged to this account 
 but to the appropriate Taxes account. If under the contract of 
 lease such taxes are payable by the lessor or reversioner, they should 
 be credited to this account and charged to the appropriate Taxes 
 account. When paid by the lessor or reversioner, they should be 
 charged to its rent revenue account and not to its Taxes account, 
 to the end that taxes upon such plant and equipment may be 
 reported by the corporation in possession. 
 
 63.- MISCELLANEOUS RENTS— DR. 
 
 This account includes all miscellaneous rents payable not pro- 
 vided for elsewhere. 
 
 Note. — Rents for furnished offices, and for office rooms in office buildings 
 heated and lighted by the landlord, should not be charged to this account, 
 but to the appropriate operating expense account. 
 
 64. LOSS ON OPERATIONS OF OTHERS. 
 
 This account includes amounts assumed or payable under the 
 terms of agreements or contracts binding the company to make up 
 any deficit or loss resulting from the operations of other companies 
 or individuals. 
 
 65. INTEREST DEDUCTIONS. 
 
 ' This account includes interest on debt, fimded or unfunded, 
 accrued during the period for which the income account is ren- 
 dered, and exchange or discount on interest-bearing liabilities. 
 
 66. BAD DEBTS WRITTEN OFF. 
 
 This account includes the amount by which debts considered 
 bad are written off the company's books. 
 
55 
 
 67. SINKING FUNDS CHARGEABLE TO INCOME. 
 
 To this account should be charged monthly all accruals required 
 to be made to sinking funds by the terms of mortgages, deeds of 
 trust, or contracts. 
 
 68. AMORTIZATION OF LANDED CAPITAL. 
 
 Charge to this account at the close of any fiscal period such por- 
 tion of the original money cost (estimated, if not known) of landed 
 capital (interest in land the terms of which are more than one year) 
 as is necessary to cover the proportion of the life thereof expired 
 during such period. 
 
 Note A. — The amounts charged to this account should be concurrently 
 credited to account No. 37, "Accrued Amortization of Capital." 
 
 Note B.— When any landed capital expires or is otherwise retired from 
 service (as, for example, through sale), the capital account originally charged 
 therewith should be credited with the amount originally charged; account 
 No. 37, "Accrued Amortization of Capital," should be debited with all 
 amounts theretofore credited to it with respect to such landed capital going 
 out of service; the appropriate account should be debited with the proceeds 
 of sale, if any, and any necessary adjustment should be made through the 
 Profit and Loss account. 
 
 69. AMORTIZATION OF DEBT DISCOUNT AND EXPENSE. 
 
 Charge to this account at or before the close of any fiscal period 
 that proportion of the unamortized discount and debt expense on 
 outstanding debt which is applicable to the period. This propor- 
 tion is to be determined according to a rule, the uniform applica- 
 tion of which during the interval between the issue and the ma- 
 turity of any debt will completely amortize or wipe out the discount 
 at which such debt was issued and the debt expense connected 
 therewith. Such amortization may, at the option of the corporation, 
 be earlier effected by charging all or any portion of such discount 
 and debt expense to Profit and Loss account. 
 
 70. AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM ON DEBT— CR. 
 
 Credit to this account at or after the close of any fiscal period the 
 proportion of the premium received on outstanding debt at time 
 of issue which is applicable to the period. This proportion is to 
 be determined according to a rule, the uniform application of which 
 during the interval between the issue and the maturity of any debt 
 will completely amortize or wipe out the premium so received. 
 Such amortization may at the option of the corporation be effected 
 by crediting all or any portion of such premium to Profit and Loss 
 account only upon the maturity of the debt. 
 
56 
 
 71. OTHER DEDUCTIONS FROM GROSS CORPORATE INCOME. 
 
 This account includes deductiona from gross corporate income 
 not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 72. DIVIDENDS DECLARED.. 
 
 When a dividend is declared upon any outstanding stock of 
 the corporation, the amount of such dividend should thereupon be 
 charged to this account. All entries to this account should show 
 the amount of stock upon which the dividend is declared, the class 
 of such stock, and the rate of the dividend as well as the amount 
 thereof; and if the dividend is not payable in money the actual 
 money value of the payment should be stated as the amount of 
 the dividend. 
 
 When a dividend is declared upon stock of the corporation held 
 in its treasury, the amount of such dividend thereon should be 
 credited to this account. 
 
 73. APPROPRIATIONS TO RESERVES. 
 
 This account includes all optional appropriations not provided 
 for elsewhere. 
 
 74. OTHER DEDUCTIONS FROM SURPLUS. 
 
 This account includes deductions from surplus not provided for 
 elsewhere. 
 
GROUP C— BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS FOR GAS CORPORA- 
 TIONS AND ELECTRIC CORPORATIONS. 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 1. FIXED CAPITAL— PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, DECEMBER 
 
 31. 1909. 
 
 This account includes the cost of plant and equipment and other 
 property devoted to gas or electric operations at the figures at which 
 such property was carried on the books of the corporation on De- 
 cember 31, 1909. 
 
 When any property included in this account is retired from serv- 
 ice, the amount at which it is charged therein (estimated, if not 
 known) should be credited to this account. The amount of depre- 
 ciation or other amortization thereon applicable to the period 
 subsequent to December 31, 1909, should be charged to account 
 No. 37, "Accrued Amortization of Capital," proper account being 
 taken of any salvage, and the remainder of the amount origi- 
 nally charged to capital being concurrently charged to the Profit 
 and Loss account, unless there was carried on the books at that 
 date a reserve to cover retirement of capital from service, in 
 which case the concurrent charge should be made to such reserve 
 account. 
 
 2. EXPENDITURES FOR PLANT AND EQUIPMENT SINCE 
 
 DECEMBER 31, 1909. 
 
 For operations subsequent to December 31, 1909, expenditures 
 for plant and equipment or expenditures for additions and better- 
 ments to existing plants should be analyzed in accordance with 
 classifications hereinafter provided in Group C. 
 
 3. PROPERTY DEVOTED TO OTHER OPERATIONS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of the corporation's interests in 
 all property devoted to its operations other than electric or gaa 
 and not included in any of the foregoing accounts. 
 
 (57) 
 
58 
 
 4. PROPERTY ABANDONED. 
 
 When any important piece of property, other than land included 
 in capital accounts, is abandoned by reason of its being replaced 
 with enlarged, improved, or more efficient property, the corpora- 
 tion may, if so authorized upon application to the Interstate 
 Commerce Commission, open on its books a Property Abandoned 
 account. The purpose in providing this account is to enable the 
 corporation to charge off during a term of years the loss on property 
 abandoned on account of improvements or betterments in the 
 interest of greater efficiency. 
 
 When property is charged to this account, it should be at the 
 original cost, less salvage, and less the amount of amortization 
 accrued on the property subsequently to December 31, 1909. The 
 appropriate property account should be credited with the cost of 
 the property; account No. 37, "Accrued Amortization of Capital" 
 should be charged with the amount of amortization; the proper 
 accounts should be debited with salvage ; and the balance should 
 be charged to this account, to be extinguished by charges during 
 a period of years to the appropriate maintenance accounts under 
 operating expenses. 
 
 Note.— This account does not apply to property acquired subsequently 
 to December 31, 1909; on such property the charges to General Amortiza- 
 tion should be sufficient to caxe for all wear and tear, obsolescence, and 
 inadequacy. 
 
 5. SECURITIES OWNED OF PROPRIETARY, AFFILIATED, 
 
 OR CONTROLLED CORPORATIONS. 
 
 This account includes the book value of securities of proprietary, 
 affiliated, or controlled companies whose properties form a part of 
 the accounting corporation's operations. 
 
 6. INVESTMENTS. 
 
 This account includes : 
 
 Advances to Proprietary, Affiliated, or Controlled 
 Companies. — This account should show all cash advances made 
 to proprietary, affiliated, or controlled companies to pay for con- 
 struction, equipment, and additions and betterments. When the 
 companies to which said advances are made issue other securities 
 or notes in payment thereof, the cost of such notes or advances to 
 the accounting corporation should be transferred from this account 
 to account No. 5, "Securities Owned." 
 
 Other Permanent Investments.— Charge to this account 
 the cost of the corporation's title to any property acquired not for 
 use in present operations but as a means for obtaining or exercising 
 control over other corporations, or for income to be derived from 
 them, or for a rise in value, or in anticipation of future operations. 
 
59 
 
 7. REACQUIRED SECURITIES. 
 
 When securities have been actually issued to bona fide holders 
 for value, or after issue by another corporation have been assumed 
 by the accounting corporation, and after such issue or assumption 
 have been acquired by the corporation under circumstances which 
 require that they shall not be treated as paid or retired, they 
 should be charged at actual cost to this account in such manner as 
 wiUshow: (a) Stocks, (6) Funded Debt. 
 
 8. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES. 
 
 Under this caption there should appear, at the close of any fiscal 
 period, balances in the accounts representing the value of all unap- 
 plied material, including the value of material temporarily in 
 use and not charged out; articles in process of manufacture by the 
 company; also fuel, stationery, and other supplies. 
 
 To provide for the distribution of materials and supplies to the 
 proper accounts, clearing accounts should be opened, to which 
 should be charged the cost, including transportation and other 
 incidental expenses, of all materials and supplies the cost of which 
 can not be charged directly to some particular account. 
 
 The scrap value of things retired from service should be charged 
 to an appropriate subaccount in this account while they remain 
 the property of the corporation. If such scrap value is not known 
 and can not readily be determined, it should be estimated, and 
 errors in such estimates when determined should be adjusted 
 through the accounts involved if during the year in which the 
 estimates were made; if later, then through the Profit and Loss 
 account. 
 
 Inventories of materials and supplies should be taken at least 
 once a year, and any shortages or overages disclosed by such inven- 
 tories should be credited, or debited, to this account and debited, 
 or credited, to operating expense account G 179 or E 233, "Miscel- 
 laneous Adjustments — Balance," in case they can not be assigned 
 to specific accounts. Where materials and supplies have been 
 used in construction, a suitable proportion of the shortages or over- 
 ages may be debited or credited to account G 330 or E 338, 
 "Miscellaneous Construction Expenditures." 
 
 Note.— It is not required that tlie transportation element of cost shall be 
 assigned with a greater degree of acouracy than to the nearest cent per unit of 
 material or supply. Where a single transportation charge includes a multi- 
 tude of items, the portion of the expense not assigned to specific items should 
 be clmrged to the same account to which store expenses are charged. 
 
60 
 
 9. CASH. 
 
 This account includes all moneys coming into the possession of 
 the corporation in which it has the beneficial interest, bank 
 credits, checks, and drafts receivable, subject to satisfaction or 
 transfer upon demand (whether payable to bearer or to order). 
 Credit this account with all cash disbursements of the corporation. 
 
 10. BILLS RECEIVABLE. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all bills receivable (except 
 as herein provided) which are the property of the corporation, and 
 upon which solvent concerns are liable or which are sufficiently 
 secured to be considered good. It includes demand notes, drafts, 
 etc., issued by others than banks, and time notes, drafts, etc., by 
 whomsoever issued. It does not include investments (for which 
 see account No. 6, "Investments"); nor does it include interest 
 coupons. 
 
 11. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE. 
 
 This account includes all amounts owing to the corporation 
 upon accounts with solvent concerns other than banks; also the cost 
 of collecting all accounts and claims upon which responsibility ia 
 acknowledged by solvent concerns or which are sufficiently 
 secured to be considered good, and all judgments against solvent 
 concerns where the judgment is not appealable or suspended 
 through appeal. This account does not include negotiables. 
 
 12. INTEREST AND DIVIDENDS RECEIVABLE. 
 
 Whenever the Income account is stated the appropriate sub- 
 account therein should be credited, and this account charged, with 
 all accrued but not yet collected interest upon commercial paper 
 and accounts considered collectible and held by or for the benefit 
 of the corporation; also all dividends declared or guaranteed by 
 solvent concerns but not yet collected, the right to which is in 
 the corporation. 
 
 13. OTHER WORKING ASSETS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all working assets of the cor- 
 poration which are not includible under any of the last four 
 accounts. 
 
61 
 
 14. COUPON SPECIAL DEPOSITS. 
 
 This account includes all moneys and bank credits specially 
 deposited in the hands of fiscal or other agents for the payment 
 of interest coupons when presented. Coupons paid from such 
 deposits should be credited to this account and charged to the 
 appropriate matured interest account. When payments of interest 
 to trustees or other agents of holders of bonds or other securities 
 are, by virtue of the terms of the securities (or of mortgages sup- 
 porting such securities), a release from further liability for such 
 interest, the payments should not be charged to this account, but 
 to the appropriate Interest Accrued account. 
 
 15. DIVIDEND SPECIAL DEPOSITS. 
 
 This account includes all moneys and bank credits specially 
 deposited in the hands of fiscal or other agents for the payment of 
 dividends upon the corporation's stocks. Dividends paid from 
 such deposits should be credited to this account and charged to 
 the appropriate dividend account. 
 
 16. OTHER SPECIAL DEPOSITS. 
 
 This account includes all moneys and bank credits deposited 
 in the hands of fiscal or other agents for special purposes other 
 than the payment of interest coupons and dividends. Charges 
 to this account should specify the purpose for which the deposit 
 is made. When such purpose is satisfied this account should be 
 credited with the amount specially deposited to provide such 
 satisfaction. 
 
 17. ADVANCES. 
 
 This account includes: 
 
 Working Funds. — To .this account should be charged amounts 
 advanced to agents, officers, or employees as working funds from 
 which certain expenditures are to be made and accounted for later. 
 
 Other Advances. — This account should include any other 
 advances made by the accounting corporation and not included in 
 the preceding or in Investment accounts. 
 
 18. INSURANCE PREMIUMS PAID IN ADVANCE. 
 
 When premiums on insurance policies are paid in advance of 
 their accrual, the amount prepaid (whether paid in cash or by 
 the issue of notes or other negotiable paper) should be charged to 
 this account. As such premiums accrue they should be credited 
 at monthly intervals to this account and charged to the appropriate 
 expense account. 
 
62 
 
 19. TAXES PAID IN ADVANCE. 
 
 When taxes are paid in advance of their accrual, the amount 
 prepaid should be charged to this account. As the taxes thus pre- 
 paid accrue, they should be credited at monthly intervals to this 
 account and charged to the appropriate taxes account. This 
 account should not include any so-called taxes, like water taxes, 
 drainage taxes, fire taxes, etc., which are payments for special 
 benefits received. Such payments, where finally chargeable to 
 operating expenses, should, when prepaid, be charged to account 
 No. 21, "Other Prepayments." 
 
 20. RENTS PAID IN ADVANCE. 
 
 When rents are paid in advance of the enjoyment of the term, 
 the amount prepaid (whether paid in cash or by the issue of notes 
 or other negotiable paper) should be charged to this account. As 
 the term is consumed this account should be credited at monthly 
 intervals and the appropriate rent account in the Income account 
 should be charged. 
 
 21. OTHER PREPA-i-MENTS. 
 
 When prepayments are made other than for taxes, insurance, 
 and rents, above provided for, such prepayments should be charged 
 to this account; and as the purpose of the prepayment is satisfied, 
 proportionate amounts should be credited monthly to this account 
 and charged to the appropriate expense or Income account. 
 
 22. UNAMORTIZED DEBT DISCOUNT AND EXPENSE. 
 
 Explanatory Note.— When any expenditure is made, tlie appropriate 
 disposition of wliich is not yet determinable, or when any loss occurs which 
 is to be spread over a period of time, or when any other debit is amortized 
 through charges made to expense or income accounts at intervals over a period 
 of time, such expenditure, loss, or other debit should, except as herein other- 
 wise directed, be charged to the appropriate suspense account. 
 
 The word "amortization" as used herein denotes the gradual extinction 
 of a charge, or the clearing off of expiring value. It is applied to tangible or 
 intangible property, wherein it is more comprehensive than "depreciation." 
 
 When funded debt securities and other evidences of indebted- 
 ness are disposed of for a consideration whose cash value is less 
 than the sum of the par value of the securities or other evidences 
 of indebtedness and the interest thereon accrued at the time the 
 transfer takes place, the excess of such sum of the par value and 
 accrued interest over the cash value of the consideration received 
 
63 
 
 Bhould be charged to this account. To this account should also be 
 charged all expenses connected with the issue and sale o£ evidences 
 of debt, such as fees for drafting mortgages and trust deeds, fees 
 and taxes for recording mortgages and trust deeds; cost of engrav- 
 ing and printing bonds, certificates of indebtedness, and other 
 commercial paper having a life of more than one year; fees paid 
 trustees provided for in mortgages and trust deeds, fees and com- 
 missions paid underwriters and brokers for marketing such evi- 
 dences of debt, and similar expenses. At or before the close 
 of each fiscal period thereafter, a proportion of such discount 
 and expense based upon the life of the security to maturity should 
 be credited to this account and charged to account No. 69, "Amor- 
 tization of Debt Discount and Expense." Such discount and 
 expense may, if so desired, be amortized more rapidly through, 
 charges of all or any part of it, either at the time of issue or later, 
 to account No. 74, "Other Deductions from Surplus." 
 
 23. DISCOUNT ON CAPITAL STOCK SOLD— UNAMORTIZED. 
 
 When any class of capital stock is disposed of for a consideration 
 the cash value of which is less than the par value of the stock, the 
 difference between the value of such consideration and the par 
 value should be charged to this account. 
 
 At or before the close of any fiscal period thereafter the company 
 may make such appropriation from corporate surplus as will reduce 
 or clear off this account. 
 
 Note. — See Explanatory Note under account No. 22. 
 
 24. OTHER SUSPENSE. 
 
 To this account shall be made all debits not provided for else- 
 where, the proper final disposition of which is uncertain. This 
 includes all expenses of preliminary surveys, plans, investigations, 
 etc., made for determining the feasibility of projects under con- 
 templation. Should any such project later be carried to comple- 
 tion, the amounts so expended should be credited to this account 
 and charged to the proper capital account; should it be aban- 
 doned, the amounts should be charged to Profit and Loss. 
 
 When the proper disposition of any expenditure charged to this 
 account is determined, it should be credited to this account and 
 charged to the appropriate account. 
 
 Note.— See Explanatory Note under account No. 22. 
 
64 
 
 25. DEFICIT— PROFIT AND LOSS— BALANCE. 
 
 In case the debit balance of the Profit and Loss account is less 
 than the account "Appropriated Surplus" that account should be 
 stated in short column on the credit side of the balance sheet. 
 From this should be deducted the Profit and Loss debit balance 
 and the net amount remaining should be extended as " Free Sur- 
 plus — Profit and Loss — Balance." If, however, the debit balance 
 of the Profit and Loss account is in excess of the total of Appro- 
 priated Surplus the difference between such debit balance and the 
 total of appropriated surplus should be shown as " Deficit — Profit 
 and Loss — Balance." 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 26. CAPITAL STOCK. 
 
 In the accounts of stocks outstanding, a separate account should 
 be raised for each class issued and no two stocks should be consid- 
 ered of the same class unless they are equal in their interest or 
 dividend rights, their voting rights, and the conditions under which 
 they may be retired. The characteristics of any class of stock in 
 these three respects should be designated in the title of the account 
 raised to cover such stock, and should be clearly outlined in the 
 first entry in such account. When stock of any class is issued, the 
 par value thereof should be credited to the account for that class. 
 If such issue is for money, that fact should be stated; if for any 
 other consideration than money, the person to whom issued should 
 be designated, and the consideration for which issued should be 
 described with sufficient particularity to identify it; if such issue 
 is to the treasurer or other agent of the corporation, to be disposed 
 of by him for the benefit of the corporation, that fact and the 
 name of such agent should be shown, and such agent should in his 
 account of the disposition thereof show the like details concerning 
 the consideration realized thereon, which account when accepted 
 hy the corporation should be preserved as a corporate record. 
 
 If the fair cash value of the consideration realized upon the 
 issue of any amount of stock is greater than the par value of such 
 fitock, the excess should be credited to a subaccount entitled 
 "Premium on Capital Stock Sold," under this account, and corre- 
 sponding reference thereto should be contained in the entry relat- 
 ing to such stock in the stock account. 
 
 Premiums on stock should be subclassified with respect to the 
 several classes of stock. A subaccount should be kept for each 
 class of stock. 
 
65 
 
 When a premium ia realized upon an issue of any class of stock, 
 such premium should be credited to the subaccount, "Premium 
 on Capital Stock Sold," for that class of stock, and the credit 
 should remain in the account so long as the stock remains out- 
 standing. By "premium realized" is meant the excess of the 
 a,ctual money value of the consideration at the time of issue of the 
 stock, over the par value of the stock. If the stock is issued by 
 the corporation to its treasurer or other agent, the excess of the 
 actual money value of the consideration obtained by him over 
 the par value of the stock should be considered the premium 
 realized. When stock is sold for a consideration the value of which 
 is less than the par value of the stock, the discount, or difference 
 between the value of such consideration and par value, should be 
 charged to account No. 23, "Discount on Capital Stock Sold — 
 Unamortized." 
 
 27. FUNDED DEBT. 
 
 When any evidences of funded indebtedness are issued, the par 
 value thereof should be credited to this account. The entry 
 should show not only the amount issued but the purpose for which 
 issued, and should make intelligible reference to the book, page, 
 and account wherein are shown any discounts or premiums realized 
 on the amount issued. If the consideration received for the issue 
 is anything other than money, the entry should show further the 
 person to whom issued, and should describe, with sufficient par- 
 ticularity to identify it, the actual consideration received for the 
 issue. If the issue in any case is to an agent of an undisclosed 
 principal, the name and business address of such agent and the 
 fact of his agency should be shown in the entry. 
 
 28. UNAMORTIZED PREMIUM ON DEBT. 
 
 When evidences of indebtedness are disposed of for a considera- 
 tion the value of which is greater than the sum of the par value of 
 such evidences of indebtedness and accrued interest thereon, such 
 excess should be credited to this account. At monthly intervals 
 thereafter a proportion of such premium, based upon the life of the 
 evidence of indebtedness should be charged to this account and 
 credited to account No. 70, "Amortization of Premium on Debt — 
 Cr.," in Income account; or at the option of the corporation the 
 charge to this account may be delayed to a time not later than 
 the date of maturity of the debt, in which case the proportion 
 applicable to the period covered by the then current income ac- 
 count should be credited to account No. 70, and the remainder 
 credited to the Profit and Loss account. 
 
 90306—09 5 
 
66 
 
 29. CONSUMERS' DEPOSITS. 
 
 This account includes all cash deposited with the corporation 
 by consumers as security for the payment of bills. Deposits 
 refunded should be charged to this account and credited to 
 account No. 9, "Cash." Deposits applicable to uncollectible or 
 worthless bills should, at or before the close of the fiscal year, be 
 credited to the account of the consumer involved and debited to 
 this account. 
 
 30. LOANS AND BILLS PAYABLE. 
 
 This account includes balances appearing in the accounts repre- 
 senting obligations outstanding in the form of loans and bills pay- 
 able or other evidences of debt not properly classed as funded debt. 
 
 31. AUDITED VOUCHERS AND WAGES UNPAID. 
 
 This account includes the amount of audited vouchers, accounts, 
 and pay rolls unpaid on the date of the balance sheet. It also 
 includes unclaimed wages and outstanding pay, time, or discharge 
 checks issued in payment of wages. 
 
 32. OTHER WORKING LIABILITIES. 
 
 This account includes items of working liabilities not covered 
 by accounts Nos. 29, 30, or 31. 
 
 83. TAXES ACCRUED. 
 
 Credit to this account at the close of each month the taxes ac- 
 crued during the month, and make corresponding charges to the 
 appropriate Taxes account. Credits to this account will necessa- 
 rily be based upon estimate until the amount of tax levied for the 
 tax period is known. Such estimates should be based upon the 
 best data available, and as soon as the amount of tax for the 
 period is known the account involved should be adjusted to con- 
 form thereto. When any tax is paid it should be charged to this 
 account and credited to account No. 9, "Cash," or other suitable 
 account. 
 
 34. INTEREST ACCRUED. 
 
 Credit to this account at the close of each month the interest ac- 
 crued during the month upon indebtedness of the corporation. 
 When the interest is paid it should be charged to this account and 
 credited to account No. 9, "Cash," or other suitable account. 
 
 This account does not include interest on judgments, or on re- 
 ceivers' certificates. The interest accruing on any judgment 
 against the corporation or on any receiver's certificate should be 
 
credited to the account to which such judgment or receiver's cer- 
 tificate stands credited. 
 
 35. RENTS ACCRUED. 
 
 Credit to this account at the close of each month rents payable 
 accrued during the month, and make corresponding charges to 
 the .appropriate Rent accounts. When rents are paid , the amounts 
 should be charged to this account and credited to account No. 9, 
 "Cash," or other suitable account. 
 
 36. DIVIDENDS DECLARED. 
 
 WTien any dividend is declared it should be credited to this ac- 
 count and here remain until it is paid, when it should be charged 
 to this account and credited to account No. 9, "Cash," or other 
 suitable account. 
 
 37. ACCRUED AMORTIZATION OF CAPITAL. 
 
 This account includes amounts charged from time to time to 
 Operating Expenses or to other accounts to cover depreciation 
 of plant and equipment, and other amortization of capital. When 
 any capital is retired from service the original money cost thereof 
 (estimated, if not known; where estimated, that fact and the facts 
 upon which the estimate is based should be stated in the entry), 
 less salvage, should (except as provided in account No. 1, "Fixed 
 Capital — Plant and Equipment, December 31, 1909") be charged 
 to this account. The amount originally entered or contained in 
 the charge to any capital account with respect to capital going out 
 of service should be credited to that capital account, and any 
 necessary adjusting entry should be made through Profit and Loss 
 account. 
 
 38. APPROPRIATED SURPLUS— RESERVES. 
 
 (a) Invested in Sinking and Redemption Funds. — There 
 should be included in this account all amounts charged against 
 the corporation's income account for sinking-fund payments; 
 accretions to sinking fund in the hands of trustees; also amounts 
 realized and turned over to sinking-fund trustees or used in the 
 purchase of the corporation's outstanding obligations, either by 
 sinking-fund trustees or the accounting corporation, when such 
 sums are realized from other sources than the corporation's income. 
 
 (5) Insurance and Casualty Reserves. — When any admitted 
 liability arises because of loss or damage to the property of others, 
 or of injuries to employees or other persons, the amount of the 
 liability may (if not previously provided for by insurance or self- 
 
68 
 
 insurance) be charged to the appropriate Operating Expense or 
 other accounts and credited to this account, against which (in 
 Buch case) the actual cost of satisfaction of the liability should be 
 charged when the matter is determined. If the extent of the 
 liability can not be ascertained promptly after the liability arises, 
 it may be estimated as accurately as practicable, for the purpose 
 of determining the immediate charge to the expense or other 
 appropriate account, in which case the matter should be adjusted 
 when the extent of the liability is definitely ascertained. If the 
 loss is of such character that it is in whole or in part indemnifiable 
 imder any contract of insurance carried by the corporation, the 
 indemnifiable portion of the loss should be charged to the insurer 
 and credited to this account. Also credit to this account the 
 amounts charged to Operating Expense account G 170 or E 225, 
 "Insurance," to cover self-carried risks. 
 
 (c) Other Reserves. — Credit to this account all reserves not 
 provided for elsewhere. The first entry of a credit to this account 
 with respect to any particular reserve should show the purpose of 
 the reserve, and every subsequent entry with respect to that 
 reserve should designate the reserve to which it relates. 
 
 39. FREE SURPLUS— PROFIT AND LOSS— BALANCE. 
 
 This account should include the balance, if any, standing to 
 the credit of the Profit and Loss account. 
 
 ■^Tien there is a debit balance in the Profit and Loss account, 
 but such balance does not exceed the total credit balance of the 
 Appropriated Surplus — Reserves, the latter is to be stated in short 
 column and the debit balance of Profit and Loss account deducted 
 therefrom, the difference being extended to the total column as the 
 net appropriated surplus. When the debit balance in Profit and 
 Loss account exceeds the total credit balance of Appropriated Sur- 
 plus — Reserves, the accounts are to be stated as prescribed in 
 account No. 25. 
 
GROUP C— CAPITAL ACCOUNTS FOR GAS CORPORATIONS. 
 
 For operations subsequent to December 31, 1909, Expenditures 
 for Plant and Equipment and Additions and Betterments thereto 
 should be classified in accordance with the following accounts: 
 
 G 300. LAND DEVOTED TO GAS OPERATIONS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of landed capital devoted to gas 
 operations. This includes land occupied by gas works and their 
 appurtenances; also rights of way for transmission and distribution 
 lines and other pipe lines, where such rights have lives in excess 
 of one year from the date when such land is placed in service. 
 Such cost, when assumed or paid by the purchaser in its own be- 
 half, includes cost of registration of title, cost of examination of 
 title, conveyancer's and notary's fees, purchasing agent's commis- 
 sions or fees or proportion of purchasing agent's salary, taxes 
 accrued to date of transfer of title, and all liens upon the title 
 acquired; also cost of obtaining consents, and payments for abut- 
 ting damages. 
 
 Note A.— Cost of buildings and other improvements should not be included 
 In this account. 
 
 Note B. — If at the time of acquisition of an interest in lands it extends 
 to buildings or other improvements thereon, which improvements are 
 devoted by the corporation to its gas operations, and the contract of acquisi- 
 tion does not determine the price of such improvements, they should be 
 appraised at their fair cash value for use in such operations, and such 
 appraised value should be charged to the appropriate structures account, and 
 excluded from this account. If such improvements are devoted to other 
 than gas operations or are held as investments, the cost (or appraised value, 
 If the cost is not determined in the contract of acquisition) should be charged 
 to the appropriate investment account or to the capital account for other 
 operations. If the improvements are removed or wrecked, the salvage (less 
 the cost of removal or wreckage) should be excluded from this account. 
 
 G 301: ORGANIZATION. 
 
 This account includes all fees paid to governments for the 
 
 privilege of incorporation, and all office and other expenditures 
 
 incident to organizing the corporation or other enterprise and 
 
 putting it in readiness to do business. This includes cost of 
 
 (69) 
 
70 
 
 preparing and distributing prospectuses, cost of soliciting sub- 
 scriptions for stock (but not for loans or for tbe purchase of bonds 
 or other evidences of indebtedness), cash fees paid to promoters 
 and the actual cash value, at the time of organization, of securities 
 paid to promoters for their services in organizing the enterprise, 
 counsel fees, cost of preparing and issuing certificates of stock, 
 and cost of procuring certificates of necessity from state author- 
 ities, and similar costs. 
 
 G 302. FRANCHISES. 
 
 To this account should be charged the amount (exclusive of any 
 tax or annual charge) actually paid to the Government as the con- 
 sideration for the grant of such franchise or right as is necessary to 
 the conduct of the corporation's gas operations. Any excess of 
 the amount actually paid by the corporation over the amounts spec- 
 ified in the statute should be charged to account G 304, "Other 
 Intangible Gas Capital." If any such franchise has a life of not 
 more than one year after the date when it is placed in service, 
 it should not be charged to this account but to the appropriate 
 Operating Expense accounts, or to account No. 21, " Other Prepay- 
 ments," if extending beyond the fiscal year. 
 
 Note. — Annual or more frequent payments for franchises should not be 
 
 charged to this account, but to the appropriate tax or operating expense 
 
 account. 
 
 G 303. PATENT RIGHTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all rights (having a life of more 
 than one year from the date when placed in service) acquired by 
 the corporation in or under vaUd patents granted by the United 
 States for inventions and discoveries which are necessary to the 
 economical conduct of the corporation's gas operations. 
 
 G 304. OTHER INTANGIBLE GAS CAPITAL. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all other property coming within 
 the definition of intangible capital and devoted to gas operations. 
 All entries of charges to this account should describe the acquired 
 property with sufficient particularity clearly to identify it, and 
 should also show specifically the principal from whom acquired and 
 all agents representing such principal in the transaction; also the 
 term of life of such property (estimated, if not known, and if esti- 
 mated, the facta upon which the estimate is based). 
 
71 
 
 G 305. GENERAL STRUCTURES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all buildings and other structures 
 of a permanent character devoted to general corporate purposes, not 
 includible in any of the departmental accounts; also of all fixtures 
 permanently attached thereto and made a part thereof, such as 
 water pipes and fixtures, steam pipes and fixtures, gas pipes and 
 fixtures, electric wiring and fixtures, elevators, etc., and the 
 engines and motors, furnaces, boilers, and electric generators 
 specially provided for such buildings. 
 
 Note A. — Among such buildings may be mentioned general oifice build- 
 ings, general shops, general storehouses, general stables, etc. Where general 
 offices, shops, storehouses, stables, etc., are in buildings includible in a depart- 
 mental account, as, for example, in a retort house, no part of the cost of such 
 buildings should be charged to this account. 
 
 Note B. — When furnaces and boilers are used primarily for furnishing 
 steam for some particular department and only incidentally for furnishing 
 steam for heating a general building and operating the equipment therein, the 
 entire cost of such furnaces and boilers should be charged to the appropriate 
 departmental capital account, and no part to this account. 
 
 G 306. GENERAL EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all equipment of general struc- 
 • tares, as provided under the following heads: 
 
 General Office Equipment. — Desks, chairs, tables, movable 
 safes, filing cases, drafting-room equipment, and other oflSce ap- 
 pliances and equipment; also engineering instruments. 
 
 General Shop Equipment. — Furnaces, boilers, gas producers, 
 engines, electric generators, and other power apparatus used in 
 operating machinery in such shops; machine tools, cranes, hoists, 
 shafting, belts, and other shop equipment; also such smithing 
 equipment in general shops as is used principally for other gen- 
 eral purposes than shoeing horses and repairing vehicles. 
 
 General Store Equipment. — Movable counters, movable 
 shelving, and other movable equipment; also carts, barrows, 
 trucks, and other apparatus and appliances used in handling 
 materials and supplies. 
 
 Note. — Counters, shelving, etc., which are permanently attached to the 
 
 structure should be charged to account G 305, " General Structures, " and not 
 
 to this account. 
 
 General Stable Equipment. — ^Horses, harness, and drays, 
 
 wagons, automobiles, and other vehicles; equipment of shoeing 
 
 shops, harness repair shops, vehicle repair shops, etc. 
 
72 
 
 G307. WORKS AND STATION STRUCTURES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all structures at works devoted 
 to the production of gas, including purification and all other 
 processes performed upon such gas antecedent to its entrance 
 into the station holder; also of all buildings and other structures 
 at outlying holder station, except the holders and their appurte- 
 nances as provided for in account G 308, "Holders." Such 
 structures include retort houses, generator houses, purifier houses, 
 engine houses, boiler houses, meter houses, tar houses, oil tanks, 
 tar wells, coal sheds, coke sheds, and other structures for storage of 
 fuel to be consumed or carbonized in the production of gas and 
 the operations auxiliary thereto; structures for residuals and 
 by-products; appurtenant walks, fences, drives, tramways, trestles, 
 etc., and all fixtures permanently attached to such structures and 
 made a part thereof. 
 
 Note.— Piers and other foundations for machinery and apparatus designed 
 to be permanent and to outlast the first machinery or apparatus mounted 
 thereon should be charged to this account; but shorHived, temporary, or 
 specially provided foundations and settings for furnaces and boilers, steam 
 engines, gas engines, pumps, generators, benches, condensers, washers, scrub- 
 bers, purifiers, etc., should go with the machinery and apparatus to which 
 they are related. 
 
 G308. HOLDERS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all holders at works and out- 
 lying stations, including tanks, foundations, framework, guides, 
 pulleys, etc., and inlet and outlet valves of such holders. 
 
 Note.— Holder housings should be charged to account G307 "Works and 
 Station Structures." 
 
 G 309. FURNACES, BOILERS, AND ACCESSORIES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all furnaces, boilers, and boiler 
 apparatus and accessories devoted to the production of steam for 
 use in producing gas and in furnishing motive power in gas worfca 
 and stations. This includes boilers and valves thereto attached, 
 appurtenant furnaces and grates, flues leading to smokestacks 
 and chimneys, and the specially provided foundations and settings 
 of such boilers and appurtenances; also iron smokestacks. It also 
 includes mechanical stokers and other apparatus for regulating the 
 supply of fuel, feed and hot water heaters and economizers, inject- 
 ors, filters, and feed pumps; blower engines, coal conveyers, and 
 ash conveyers; water pipes, steam traps, drains, and separators; 
 exhaust pipes, pipes for conducting steam from the boiler to the en- 
 gine, to condensers, or to the gas generators, etc. It does not include 
 steam pipes whose primary purpose is the heating of buildings. 
 
73 
 
 G 310. STEAM ENGINES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all steam engines devoted to 
 use as prime movers in gas works. This includes the specially 
 provided foundations and settings of such engines. The engine, 
 whether reciprocating, or rotary (such as steam turbine), should be 
 considered to include the throttle or inlet valve and the governor; 
 also condensers, air and circulating pumps, lubricating system, 
 etc., but not the steam pipe leading from the boiler, or the exhaust 
 pipe. 
 
 G 311. GAS ENGINES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all gas engines devoted to use 
 as prime movers in gas works and stations. This includes the 
 specially provided foundations and settings of such engines. The 
 engine includes the inlet valve and governor, and the ignition and 
 starting apparatus, but not the pipe leading from the gas holder, 
 or the exhaust pipe. 
 
 G 312. MISCELLANEOUS POWER-PLANT EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all miscellaneous power-plant 
 equipment at gas works which is not includible in any of the fore- 
 going accounts. This includes such mechanical apparatus as belts, 
 pulleys, hangers, countershafts, and other apparatus intermediary 
 between the prime mover and the apparatus operated, cranes, 
 hoists, etc., and machine tools and such other tools at power plants 
 as may properly be capitalized. 
 
 G 313. BENCHES AND RETORTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all benches and retorts devoted 
 to the production of coal gas. This includes the cost of specially 
 provided foundations and settings, and of auxiliary piping. 
 
 G 314. WATER-GAS SETS AND ACCESSORIES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of sets and accessories devoted to 
 the production of water gas, including the cost of specially provided 
 foundations and settings. This account includes not only genera- 
 tors, carburetors, superheaters, seals, and piping connected there- 
 with, but also blast apparatus, oil and steam supplying apparatus, 
 oil heaters, etc. It does not include pipes whose primary purpose 
 is the warming of buildings. 
 
74 
 
 G 315. PURIFICATION APPARATUS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all purification apparatus, such 
 as condensers, washers, scrubbers, purifiers, tar extractors, etc., 
 and their auxiliary apparatus and piping, including the cost of 
 specially provided foundations and settings. 
 
 G 316. ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT AT WORKS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all equipment at works and 
 holder stations which is not includible under any of the foregoing 
 accounts. This includes exhausters, station meters, governors; 
 apparatus for charging retorts; conveyers for disposing of coke 
 and other products and residuals; also tar and ammonia apparatus, 
 pumps, pipes, tanks, etc. 
 
 G 317. TRUNK LINES AND MAINS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all trunk lines and mains in 
 place. This includes all pipe lines from the yard connections to 
 district holders, and from the works governor to the beginnings of 
 services, including the cost of all trenching, etc., necessary to the 
 placing of the pipe, and the cost of filling trenches and restoring the 
 surface to its former condition or to that required by the municipal 
 authorities at the time the line is installed. 
 
 G 318. GAS SERVICES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of the corporation's property in 
 service pipes and appurtenances in or leading to consumers' prem- 
 ises. This includes the cost of material in place, cost of trenching 
 for placing services, and of filling trenches and restoring surface to 
 proper condition. 
 
 Note. — When consumers are required to pay some or all of the cost oJ 
 services, only that portion of the cost not chargeable to the consumer should be 
 charged to this account. 
 
 G 319. GAS METERS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all meters and appurtenances 
 used in measuring the gas delivered to consumers. 
 
 Note.— This account does not Include the cost of meters at the works, which 
 should be charged to account G 316, "Accessory Equipment at Works. " 
 
 G 320. GAS METER INSTALLATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor and materials (exclusive of 
 cock and connections) of the first setting of meters for determining 
 the amount of gas delivered to consumers in case it is the policy 
 of the corporation to capitalize the cost of such setting. 
 
75 
 
 G 321. MUNICIPAL STREET-LIGHTING FIXTURES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of the corporation's property in 
 lamps, posts, and auxiliary apparatus and appliances used in 
 lighting streets for a municipal corporation. Such cost includes 
 not only cost of material but also cost of first setting and coupling 
 up. It does not include cost of removal or change of position. 
 
 G 322. GAS ENGINES AND APPLIANCES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of the corporation's property in 
 gas engines leased to consumers (including municipal corporations), 
 but not those held for purposes of sale. Such engines include all 
 appliances for the production of mechanical motion through the 
 consumption of gas. Also charge to this account the cost of the 
 corporation's property in all gas stoves and other heating appliances 
 leased to consumers, but not those held for purposes of sale. 
 This includes stoves, ranges, heaters, hot plates, sadirons, tailors' 
 irons and gooses, and other devices and appliances consuming gas 
 for the direct production of heat. 
 
 G 323. GAS TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all tools and implements coming 
 within the scope of the definition of fixed capital and not covered 
 by any of the foregoing equipment accounts. 
 
 G 324. GAS LABORATORY EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all physical and chemical 
 apparatus used in testing and other technological work, and of all 
 equipment in laboratories used for technological work, such as 
 calorimetry, photometry, chemical analysis, and the like; also all 
 equipment for testing building and other materials used in the 
 engineering operations of the company. 
 
 Note.— This account does not include the cost of any chemicals or other 
 supplies, these being chargeable to the appropriate subaccount In account 
 No.8, "Materialsand Supplies;" asconsumed, they should be charged thence 
 to the appropriate expense accounts. 
 
 G 325. OTHER TANGIBLE GAS CAPITAL. 
 
 Charge to this account the cost of all tangible gas capital not 
 provided for elsewhere. 
 
76 
 
 G 326. ENGINEERING AND SUPERINTENDENCE. 
 
 This account includes all expenditures for services of engineers, 
 draftsmen, and superintendents employed on preliminary and 
 construction work, and all expenses incident to the work, when 
 such disbursements can not be assigned to specific construction. 
 
 Note . — When employees enumerated above are engaged in work not charge- • 
 able to construction their pay and expenses should be charged to the specific 
 work on which engaged. 
 
 G 327. LAW EXPENDITURES DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes general expenditures of the following 
 nature, incurred in connection with the construction of a gas plant; 
 namely, the pay and expenses of all counsel, solicitors, and attor- 
 neys, and of their clerks and attendants, and the expenses of their 
 oflSces; cost of printing briefs, legal forms, testimony, reports, etc.; 
 payments to arbitrators for the settlement of disputed questions; 
 costs of suits, payments of special fees, notarial fees, and witness 
 fees, and expenses connected with taking depositions; also all 
 other legal and court expenses during construction. 
 
 When any of the expenditures above enumerated can be 
 charged directly to the account tor which incurred, they should 
 be so charged and not to this account. 
 
 G 328. INJURIES DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes all expenditures incident to injvuies to 
 persons when caused directly in connection with construction of 
 gas plant and equipment; proportion of salaries and expenses of 
 physicians and surgeons; nursing and hospital attendance, medical 
 and surgical supplies, and artificial limbs; railroad and carriage 
 fares for conveying injured persons and attendants; funeral ex- 
 penses, including payments to undertakers; proportion of pay 
 and expenses of claim adjusters and their clerks, and pay and 
 expenses of employees and others called in consultation in rela- 
 tion to the adjustment of claims coming under this head; also 
 witness fees and amount of final judgments. 
 
 G 329. TAXES DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes all taxes and assessments levied and paid 
 on property belonging to the corporation while under construction 
 and before the plant is opened for commerical operation, except 
 special taxes assessed for street and other improvements, such as 
 grading, sewering, curbing, guttering, paving, sidewalks, etc., 
 which should be charged to the account to which the property 
 benefited is charged. 
 
77 
 
 G 330. MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES. 
 This account includea the salaries and expenses of executive 
 and general officers of a gaa plant under construction; clerks in 
 general offices engaged on construction accounts or work; rent 
 and repair of general offices when rented, and office expenses; 
 insurance during construction; also all construction and equip- 
 ment items of a special and incidental nature which can not prop- 
 erly be charged to any other account in this classification. 
 
 Note A.— .This account may include a suitable proportion of store expenses 
 when such expenses are not assignable to specific materials. 
 
 Note B.— This accountshould not include anycosts of organization or any 
 costs or discounts connected with the issue and disposal of stocks, funded 
 debt, or other securities, and commercial paper. 
 
 G331. INTEREST DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes the interest accrued upon all moneys, and 
 credits available upon demand, acquired for use in connection 
 with the construction and equipment of the property from the 
 time of acquisition until the construction is ready for use. In- 
 terest receivable accrued upon such moneys and credits should 
 be credited to this account. To this account should also be 
 credited discounts realized through prompt payment of bills 
 for materials and supplies used in construction, unless such dii- 
 counts are credited to the particular bills. 
 
 G 332. LAND IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of the corporation's interests in 
 land (exclusive of improvements thereon) devoted to operations 
 other than electric or gas. Such cost includes, when assumed 
 or when paid by the purchaser in its own behalf, cost of registra- 
 tion of title, cost of examination of title, conveyancer's and no- 
 tary's fees, purchasing agent's commissions or fees or proportion 
 of purchasing agent's salary, taxes accrued to date of transfer of 
 title, and all liens upon the title acquired. If at the time of 
 acquisition of such interest in lands it extends to buildings or other 
 improvements thereon, which improvements are devoted by the 
 corporation to operations other than the four classes above men- 
 tioned, and the contract of acquisition does not determine the 
 price of such improvements, they should be appraised at their fair 
 cash value, and such appraised value should be charged to the 
 appropriate accounts and excluded from this account. If such 
 improvements are held as investments, the cost (or appraised 
 value at time of acquisition of title, if the cost to the corpora- 
 tion is not determined in the contract of acquisition) should be 
 
78 
 
 charged to the appropriate investment account. If the improve- 
 ments are removed or wrecked, the salvage, less thecostof removal 
 or ■wreckage, should be excluded from this account. 
 
 G 333. FRANCHISES IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the amount, exclusive of any tax or 
 annual charge, actually paid to the Government as the considera- 
 tion for the grant of such franchise or right as is necessary to the 
 conduct of operations other than electric or gas. 
 
 G 334. PATENT RIGHTS IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all rights (having a life of more 
 than one year from the date when placed in service) acquired by 
 the corporation in or under valid patents granted by the United 
 States for inventions and discoveries which are necessary to the 
 economical conduct of operations other than electric or gas. 
 
 G 335. OTHER INTANGIBLE CAPITAL IN OTHER DEPART- 
 MENTS. 
 This account includes the cost of all property of the corporation 
 coming within the definition of intangible capital devoted to its 
 operations other than electric or gas and not includible under any 
 of the foregoing accounts. 
 
 G 336. TANGIBLE CAPITAL IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all property of the corporation 
 coming within the definition of tangible capital devoted to its 
 operations other than electric or gas. 
 
GROUP C— CAPITAL ACCOUNTS FOR ELECTRIC 
 CORPORATIONS. 
 
 For operations Bubsequent to December 31, 1909, expenditures for 
 Plant and Equipment, or Additions and Betterments thereto, should be 
 classified in accordance with the following accoimts: 
 
 E 300. LAND DEVOTED TO ELECTRIC OPERATIONS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of landed capital devoted to 
 electric operations. This includes land occupied by generating 
 stations and their appurtenances ; rights of way for transmission 
 and distribution lines and other electric operations; also rights of 
 way for canal and pipe lines, water rights, and rights of pondage, 
 flowage, and submersion, where such rights have lives in excess 
 of one year from the date when such land is placed in service. 
 Such cost, when assumed or paid by the purchaser in its own be- 
 half, includes cost of registration of title, cost of examination of 
 title, conveyancer's and notary's fees, purchasing agent's com- 
 missions or fees, or proportion of purchasing agent's salary, taxes 
 accrued to date of transfer of title, and all liens upon the title 
 acquired; also cost of obtaining consents, and payments for 
 abutting damages. 
 
 Note A .—Cost of buildings and other improvements should not be included 
 in this account. 
 
 Note B.—Ii at the time of acquisition of an interest in lands it extends 
 to buildings or other improvements thereon, which improvements are devoted 
 by the corporation to its electric operations, and the contract of acquisition 
 does not determine the price of such improvements, they should be appraised 
 at their fair cash value for use in such operations, and such appraised value 
 should be charged to the appropriate structures account, and excluded from 
 this account. If such improvements are devoted to other than electric oper- 
 ations, or are held as investments, the cost (or appraised value, if the cost is 
 not determined In the contract of acquisition) should be charged to the 
 appropriate investment accoimt or to the capital account for other operations. 
 If the improvements are removed or wreclced, the salvage (less the cost of 
 removal or wrecltage) should be excluded from this accoimt. 
 
 (79) 
 
80 
 
 E 301. ORGANIZATION. 
 
 This account includes all fees paid to governments for the privi- 
 lege of incorporation, and all office and other expenditures incident 
 to organizing the corporation or other enterprise and putting it in 
 readiness to do business. This includes cost of preparing and 
 distributing prospectuses, cost of soliciting subscription for stock 
 (but not for loans or for the purchase of bonds or other evidences 
 of indebtedness), fees paid to promoters, counsel fees, cost of pre- 
 paring and issuing certificates of stock, and similar costs. 
 
 E302. FRANCHISES. 
 
 To this account should be charged the amount (exclusive of any 
 tax or annual charge) actually paid to the Government as the 
 consideration for the grant of such franchise or right as is necessary 
 to the conduct of the corporation's electric operations. Any excess 
 of the amount actually paid by the corporation over the amount 
 specified in the statute should be charged to account E 304, 
 "Other Intangible Electric Capital." If any such franchise has 
 a life of not more than one year after the date when it is placed 
 in service, it should not be charged to this account, but to the 
 appropriate Operating Expense accounts or to account No. 21, 
 "Other Prepayments," if extending beyond the fiscal year. 
 
 Note. — Annual or more frequent payments for franchises should not 
 be charged to this account, but to the appropriate tax or operating expense 
 account. 
 
 E 303. PATENT RIGHTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all rights (having a life of more 
 than one year from the date when placed in service) acquired by 
 the corporation in or under valid patents granted by the United 
 States for inventions and discoveries which are necessary to the 
 economical conduct of the corporation's electric operations. 
 
 E 304. OTHER INTANGIBLE ELECTRIC CAPITAL. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all other property coming 
 within the definition of intangible capital and devoted to electric 
 operations. All entries of charges to this account should describe 
 the acquired property with sufficient particularity clearly to iden- 
 tify it, and should also show specifically the principal from whom 
 ' acquired and all agents representing such principal in the trans- 
 action; also the term of life of such property (estimated, if not 
 known, and if estimated, the facts upon which the estimate is 
 based). 
 
81 
 
 E305. GENERAL STRUCTURES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all buildings and other struc- 
 tures of a permanent character devoted to general corporate pur- 
 poses, not includible in any of the departmental accounts; also, 
 of all fixtures permanently attached thereto and made a part there- 
 of, such as water pipes and fixtures, steam and gas pipes and fix- 
 tures, electric wiring and fixtures, elevators, etc., and the engines 
 and motors, furnaces, boilers, and electric generators specially 
 provided for such buildings, etc. 
 
 Note A. — Among such buildings may be mentioned general ofDce buildfngs, 
 general shops, general storehouses, general stables, etc. Where general offices, 
 shops, storehouses, stables, etc., are in buildings includible in a departmental 
 account, as, for example, in a power-station building, no part of the cost ol 
 such building should be charged to this account. 
 
 Note B. — When furnaces and boilers are used primarily for furnishing steam 
 for some particular department and only incidentally for furnishing steam 
 for heating a general building and operating the equipment therein, the entire 
 cost of such furnaces and boilers should be charged to the appropriate depart- 
 mental capital account, and no part to this account. 
 
 E 306. GENERAL EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all equipment of general 
 structures, as provided under the following heads: 
 
 General Office Equipment. — Desks, chairs, tables, movable 
 safes, filing cases, drafting-room equipment, and other oflSce 
 appliances and equipment; also engineering instruments. 
 
 General Shop Equipment. — Furnaces, boilers, gas producers, 
 engines, electric generators, and other power apparatus used ia 
 operating machinery in such shops; machine tools, cranes, hoists, 
 shafting, belts, and other shop equipment; also such smithing 
 equipment in general shops as is used principally for other general 
 purposes than shoeing horses and repairing vehicles. 
 
 General Store Equipment. — Movable counters, movable 
 shelving and other movable equipment; also carts, barrows, trucks, 
 and other apparatus and appliances used in handling materials 
 and supplies. 
 
 Note.— Counters, shelving, etc., which are permanently attached to the 
 
 structure should be charged to account E 305 "General Structures," and not 
 
 to this account. 
 
 General Stable Equipment.— Horses, harness, and drays, 
 
 wagons, automobiles, and other vehicles; equipment of shoeing 
 
 shops, harness repair shops, vehicle repair shops, etc. 
 
 90306—09 6 
 
82 
 
 E 307. DAMS, CANALS, AND PIPE LINES. 
 
 This account includes the cost o£ all dams, canals, aqueducts, 
 and pipe lines devoted to the utilization of water power and the 
 delivery of the water to the head gate of the turbine or water wheel ; 
 also of all waste ways from the outlet of the draft tube to the 
 point of final discharge. This includes all gates, valves, and other 
 accessories of such dams; also waste ways, sluices, forebays, grids, 
 walls, fences, etc., for the protection of such canals and pipe lines, 
 and all trestles and other supporting structures; also all viaducts, 
 bridges, and footbridges over and accessory to or necessitated 
 by such canals, aqueducts, and pipe lines. 
 
 E 308. POWER-PLANT BUILDINGS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of material used and labor 
 expended in erecting buildings to be used for housing power- 
 generating plants. This account includes cost of excavations, 
 permanent foundations, drainage, gas, and water pipes and connec- 
 tions; grading grounds; furniture and fixtures when permanently 
 attached to and made a part of the building; also the cost of arch- 
 itects' plans and of superintendence of construction. 
 
 E 309. FURNACES, BOILERS, AND ACCESSORIES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all furnaces, boilers, and 
 boiler apparatus and accessories devoted to the production of 
 steam for use in generating electric energy. This includes boilers 
 and valves thereto attached, appurtenant furnaces and grates, 
 flues leading to smokestacks and chimneys, and the specially 
 provided foundations and settings of such boilers and appurte- 
 nances; also iron smokestacks. It also includes mechanical stokers 
 and other apparatus for regulating the supply of fuel; feed and 
 hot water heaters and economizers, injectors, filters, and feed 
 pumps; blower engines, coal conveyors, and ash conveyors; water 
 pipes, steam traps, drains, and separators; exhaust pipes, pipes for 
 conducting steam from the boiler to the engine or to the gas pro- 
 ducers, etc. It does not include steam pipes whose primary pur- 
 pose is the heating of buildings. 
 
 E 310. STEAM ENGINES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all steam engines devoted to 
 the production of electric energy. This includes the specially 
 provided foundations and settings of such engines. The engLne, 
 whether reciprocating, or rotary (such as steam turbine), should be 
 
83 
 
 considered to include the throttle or inlet valve and the governor; 
 also condensers, air and circulating pumps, lubricating system,' 
 etc., but not the steam pipe leading from the boiler, or the exhaust 
 pipe. Where the electric rotor is mounted on the engine shaft, 
 the shaft should be considered a part of the steam engine and the 
 electric rotor thereon should be considered a part of the electric 
 equipment. 
 
 E 311. TURBINES AND WATER WHEELS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all turbines and water wheels 
 devoted to the conversion of water power into mechanical power 
 for the production of electric energy. This includes the specially 
 provided foundations and settings of such engines, also their gov- 
 ernors and all other appurtenant apparatus attached thereto from 
 and inclusive of the head gates and governors to (but exclusive of) 
 the waste way. Where the electric rotor is mounted on (not merely 
 coupled to) the shaft of the hydraulic engine, the shaft should be 
 considered a part of the hydraulic engine and the electric rotor 
 thereon should be considered a part of the electric equipment. 
 
 E 312. GAS PRODUCERS AND ACCESSORIES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of producers and accessories 
 devoted to the production of gas for the purpose of operating elec- 
 tric generators, including the cost of specially provided foundations 
 and settings for such producers and accessories. This account 
 includes producers, economizers, regenerators, vaporizers, steam 
 injectors, scrubbers, exhauster outfits, seals, specially provided 
 boilers and pumps, flues and piping, blower engines, pipes for 
 conducting gas from such producers to holders and to gas engines, 
 holders for producer gas, exhaust pipes from gas engines, etc. It 
 does not include pipes whose primary purpose is the warming of 
 buildings; nor does it include power-transmission apparatus, or 
 water pipes, steam pipes, water pumps, or inspirators. 
 
 E 313. GAS ENGINES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all gas engines devoted to the 
 production of electric energy, including the specially provided 
 foundations and settings of such engines. The engine includes the 
 inlet valve and governor, and ignition and starting apparatus, but 
 not the pipe leading from the gas holder, or the exhaust pipe. 
 Where the electric rotor is mounted on the engine shaft, the shaft 
 should be considered a part of the engine and the electric rotor 
 thereon should be considered a part of the electric equipment. 
 
84 
 
 E 314. ELECTRIC GENERATORS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all electric generating apparatus 
 driven by engines operated by steam, water, or gas; and rotaries 
 and motor generating sets, exciters, etc., when not installed in 
 connection with transmission systems. This includes the specially 
 provided foundations and settings of such apparatus. Where the 
 electric rotor of such apparatus is mounted on the shaft of the steam, 
 hydraulic, or gas engine, the rotor is to be included herein, but not 
 the shaft. Belts, countershafts, and other intermediaries between 
 such engines and the generators are also to be excluded herefrom. 
 Note.— Regarding transmission and distribution, see the note to account 
 E 321, "Transmission System." 
 
 E 315. ACCESSORY ELECTRIC POWER EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all electric equipment of gen- 
 erating stations not includible in the last foregoing account. This 
 account should include bus-bars, regulators, station switchboards 
 and equipment, such as circuit breakers, switches, ammeters, volt- 
 meters, wattmeters, and the like, and their foundations and settings; 
 head-gate motors, pump motors, air-compressor motors, etc.; also 
 special high-tension transmission equipment at power stations. 
 
 E 316. MISCELLANEOUS POWER-PLANT EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all miscellaneous equipment 
 at power plants not includible in any of the foregoing accounts. 
 This includes such mechanical apparatus as belts, pulleys, hangers, 
 countershafts, and other apparatus intermediary between the 
 prime mover and the electric generator, and cranes, hoists, machine 
 tools, and such other tools at power plants as may properly be cap- 
 italized. 
 
 Note. — This account should not include any substation equipment. 
 
 E 817. SUBSTATION BUILDINGS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of material used and labor ex- 
 pended in erecting buildings to be used for power substation pur- 
 poses, including excavations, permanent foundations, drainage, 
 gas, and water pipes and connections; grading grounds; furni- 
 ture and fixtures when permanently attached to and made a part of 
 the building; also the cost of architects' plans and of superintend- 
 ence of construction. 
 
 Note. — No charge should be made to this account with respect to a power- 
 plant building, even though it contains substation apparatus. 
 
85 
 
 E 318. SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all equipment of substations. 
 Such equipment includes not only electric machinery and appa- 
 ratus, including storage batteries, in substations, but also all other 
 furniture and equipment, such as furnaces, boilers, stoves, ele- 
 vators, etc., permanently a-ssigned to such stations but not affixed 
 to the structures thereof. It does not include laboratory instru- 
 ments and apparatus not permanently assigned thereto, nor does it 
 include tools only temporarily assigned to such stations. 
 
 E 319. POLES AND FIXTURES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of towers, structures, poles, cross- 
 arms, and insulator pins; braces, brackets, and other pole fixtures; 
 guys and other supports for holding the towers, structures, and 
 poles in position; and all labor expended in connection with the 
 construction of pole lines or structures for carrying the transmis- 
 sion and distribution systems. 
 
 E 320. UNDERGROUND CONDUITS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of conduits required for under- 
 ground wires and cables, including manholes, ducts and pipes, 
 sewer connections, sewer traps, and all material necessary for the 
 completion of the underground conduit system devoted to the 
 protection of the transmission and distribution systems. 
 
 E 321. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM. 
 
 This account includes the cost of the transmission system, 
 including cables, wires, insulators, and insulating material. 
 
 Note.— When the electric current generated (or received from another cor- 
 poration) is conducted, either at the voltage of generation (or receipt) or at a 
 higher voltage, to a point where it is (a) lowered in voltage by means of step- 
 down transformers, or changed as to kind or frequency by means of (b) motor- 
 generator sets, (c) rotary converters, or (d) frequency changers, that portion 
 of the outside line or conductor system antecedent to the said step-down trans- 
 formers, motor-generator sets, rotary converters, or frequency changers, should 
 be classed as the Transmission System; except, however, that primary wiring 
 m lighting systems at not to exceed 4,400 volts, 4-wire, ,1-phase, should be 
 classed as a part of the Distribution System. Tie-lines between generating 
 stations and substations should follow the same rule. Line transformers are 
 not included among the "step-down transformers" above mentioned. 
 
86 
 
 E 322. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all distribution main con- 
 ductors and feeders, including the cost (in place) of all cables, 
 wires, insulators, and insulating material. 
 
 This account should be subdivided so as to show separately the 
 following: 
 
 (a) Overhead Distribution System. 
 
 (6) Edison Tube System, including the cost (in place) of all the 
 Edison tube system material, such as junction boxes, tubing 
 material and conductors, coupling boxes, etc. 
 
 (c) Other Underground Distribution System. 
 
 Note. — For the distinction between the transmission system and the dis- 
 tribution system, see the note to account E 321, "Transmission System." 
 
 E 323. LINE TRANSFORMERS AND DEVICES. 
 
 This accoimt includes the cost of all line transformers, both 
 overhead and underground, pole-Une lightning arresters, trans- 
 former cut-out boxes, line cut-out switches, etc., in the distri- 
 bution system. 
 
 E 324. ELECTRIC SERVICES. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all conductors, together with 
 appurtenant insulation, ducts, and supports, connecting the dis- 
 tribution mains with electric apparatus and appliances in the 
 possession of consumers. 
 
 Note. — Cost of renewing or modifying services should not be charged to 
 this account. 
 
 E 325. ELECTRIC METERS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of meters used in determining 
 the amount of electric energy delivered to consumers. 
 
 Note. — Cost of setting, removing, or resetting meters should not be charged 
 to this account. 
 
 E 326. ELECTRIC METER INSTALLATION. 
 
 This account includes the cost of labor and materials for the first 
 setting of meters for determining the amount of electric energy 
 delivered to consumers, in case it is the policy of the corporation to 
 capitalize the cost of such setting. 
 
 Note A. — Cost of removing such meters and of setting other meters substi- 
 tuted for them should not be charged to this account but to account E 173, 
 "Setting and Removing Meters and Transformers." 
 
 Note B. — This account should not include at any time the cost of installa- 
 tion of a greater number of consinners' meters than are actually in service. 
 
87 
 
 E 327. STBEET AND PARK LIGHTING SYSTEM. 
 
 This account includes the cost (in place) of all property of the 
 corporation, in poles, cross-arms, pins, braces, insulators, etc., arc 
 circuits, lamps, and outfits and suspensions, specially provided 
 for street lighting. Such cost includes cost of material, trans- 
 portation, setting poles, etc., and restoring the surface of the street 
 to the condition required by the municipality. This account 
 does not include any part of the general distribution system, but 
 only things in the utihzation plant beyond the service and de- 
 voted to the municipal service. 
 
 Note.— Where the municipality requires for its special benefit the exten- 
 sion of mains and services for street lighting, such extensions may, so long 
 as used solely for street lighting, be charged to this account. 
 
 E328. COMMERCIAL ARC LAMPS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all property of the corporation 
 in commercial arc lamps supplied to consumers (including munic- 
 ipal buildings) where such lamps have an expectancy of life in 
 service of more than one year. 
 
 Note .—Meters supplied to consumers are provided for in a foregoing account 
 and should not be included herein. 
 
 E 329. GLOWER LAMPS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all property of the corporation 
 in glower lamps supplied to consumers (including municipal 
 buildings) where such lamps have an expectancy of life in service 
 of more than one year. 
 
 E 330. ELECTRIC MOTORS AND HEATERS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all property of the corporation 
 in electric motors and heaters leased to consumers (including 
 municipalities), and of all appurtenances thereof, such as fans, 
 etc. 
 
 E 331. ELECTRIC TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all tools and implements 
 having a life in service of more than one year and not classed as 
 hand or small tools liable to be lost or stolen and not covered by 
 any of the foregoing equipment accounts. 
 
 E 332. ELECTRIC LABORATORY EQUIPMENT. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all testing apparatus and 
 laboratory equipment not provided for elsewhere. 
 
88 
 
 E 333. OTHER TANGIBLE ELECTRIC CAPITAL. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all tangible electric capital 
 not provided for elsewhere. 
 
 E 334. ENGINEERING AND SUPERINTENDENCE. 
 
 This account includes all expenditures for services of engineers, 
 draftsmen, and superintendents employed on preliminary and 
 construction work, and all expenses incident to the work, when 
 such disbursements can not be assigned to specific construction. 
 
 Note.— When employees enumerated above are engaged in work not 
 chargeable to construction their pay and expenses should be charged to the 
 specific work on which engaged. 
 
 E 335. LAW EXPENDITURES DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes general expenditures of the following 
 nature, incurred in connection with the construction of an electric 
 plant; namely, the pay and expenses of all counsel, solicitors, and 
 attorneys, and of their clerks and attendants, and the expenses 
 of their offices; cost of printing briefs, legal forms, testimony, 
 reports, etc. ; payments to arbitrators for the settlement of disputed 
 questions; costs of suits, payments of special fees, notarial fees, and 
 witness fees, and expenses connected with taking depositions; 
 also all other legal and court expenses during construction. 
 
 When any of the expenditures above enumerated can be charged 
 directly to the account for which incurred, they should be so 
 charged and not to this account. 
 
 E 336. INJURIES DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes all expenditures incident to injuries to 
 persons when caused directly in connection with construction of 
 electric plant and equipment; proportion of salaries and expenses 
 of physicians and surgeons; nursing and hospital attendance, 
 medical and surgical supplies, and artificial limbs ; railroad and car- 
 riage fares for conveying injured persons and attendants; funeral 
 expenses, including payments to undertakers; proportion of pay 
 and expenses of claim adjusters and their clerks, and pay and 
 expenses of employees and others called in consultation in rela- 
 tion to the adjustment of claims coming under this head; also wit- 
 ness fees and amount of final judgments. 
 
89 
 
 E 337. TAXES DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes all taxes and assessments levied and paid 
 on property belonging to the corporation while under construction 
 and before the plant ia opened for commercial operation, except 
 special taxes assessed for street and other improvements, such as 
 grading, sewering, curbing, guttering, paving, sidewalks, etc., 
 which should be charged to the account to which the property 
 benefited is charged. 
 
 E 338. MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES. 
 This account includes the salaries and expenses of executive 
 and general officers of an electric plant under construction; clerks 
 in general offices engaged on construction accounts or work; rent 
 and repair of general offices when rented, and office expenses; 
 insurance during construction; also all construction and equip- 
 ment items of a special and incidental nature which can not 
 properly be charged to any other account in this classification. 
 Note A.— This account may include a suitable proportion of store expenses 
 when such expenses are not assignable to specific materials. 
 
 Note B.— This account should not include any costs of organization, or any 
 costs or discounts connected with the issue and disposal of stocks, funded 
 debt, or other securities, and commercial paper. 
 
 E 339. INTEREST DURING CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This account includes the interest accrued upon all moneys, 
 and credits available upon demand, acquired for use in connec- 
 tion with the construction and equipment of the property from 
 the time of acquisition until the construction is ready for use. 
 Interest receivable accrued upon such moneys and credits should 
 be credited to this account. To this account should also be 
 credited discounts realized through prompt payment of bills for 
 materials and supplies used in construction, xmless such discounts 
 are credited to the particular bills. 
 
 E 340. LAND IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of the corporation's interests in 
 land (exclusive of improvements thereon) devoted to operations 
 other than electric or gas. 
 
 E 341. FRANCHISES IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This account ificludes the amount, exclusive of any tax or 
 annual charge, actually paid to the Government as a considera- 
 tion for the grant of such franchise or right as is necessary to the 
 conduct of operations other than electric or gas. 
 
90 
 
 E 342. PATENT RIGHTS IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This account includes the cost of all rights (having a life of more 
 than one year from the date when placed in service) acquired by 
 the corporation in or under valid patents granted by the United 
 States for inventions and discoveries which are necessary to the 
 economical conduct of operations other than electric or gas. 
 
 E 343. OTHER INTANGIBLE CAPITAL IN OTHER DEPART- 
 MENTS. 
 This account includes the cost of all property of the corporation 
 coming within the definition of intangible capital devoted to its 
 operations other than electric or gas and not includible under any 
 of the foregoing accounts. 
 
 E 344. TANGIBLE CAPITAL IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 This accovmt includes the cost of all property of the corporation 
 coming within the definition of tangible capital devoted to its 
 operations other than electric or gas. 
 
 o 
 
ilord 
 
 PAM PHIET BINDER 
 
 ^^^ Syracuse, N. Y, 
 Stockton, Calif.