f^^ " . - :^ f^-^: %. ASIA d(^- ■'^^ ^^i*^^ ^ ' . ^^:. .^:^' "'■^r^. r%^f x%- -7 fc ^ . E _^^ S. ' ,^s^- ' L'^-^- '■■ -^-c^'* %yU.-:m>^^ DS 733.A45 Alphabetical >^ LEYDEN. — E. J. BRILL. 1893. W^']A 1 AN ALPHABETICAL LIST or THE EMPERORS OE CHINA AND Ol' THEIR YEAR-TITLES OR NIEN-HAO # ^ "WITH THB DATE OP THBIK REIGN AND DURATION COMPILED BY J. L, J. F. EZERMAN and B. A. J. YAN WETTUM. PRELIMINARY NOTE. The late W. P. Mayers has given in 'his "Chinese Reader's Manual", pp. 366—390, a very good chronological list of the Emperors of China and of their nien-hao or titles of reign. The same list is found in the Appendix to the "Dictionnaire Fran9ais-Latin-0hinois" of the Abbe Paul Perny, pp. 25 — 93 and, besides, in many other authors, but without the Chinese characters added to it. As far as we are aware, an alphabetical list of these designations has never been published; and however useful the abovenamed lists may be, they are not very convenient for reference. Supposing, e.g. that a Chinese student reads in a Chinese author, that such and such a fact occurred in the third year of the period 2 EZBUMAN & VAN WBTTTIM. Yung-Kia ( ^ ^ ) , lie will have to peruse the whole list of some 500 and odd Nien-hao in Mayers's tables, till he meets with this name, which occasions an enormous loss of time. In turning up our alphabetical tables, he will find at a glance that the period Yung-Kia commenced in the year A.D. 307, so that the 8"^ year corresponds to the year A.D. 309. In referring to Mayers's tables, he will see then that this designation was adopted by the emperor Hwai Ti of the Western T.i«-dynasty O^'^^). The same may be said of the names of the Emperors — the dynastic title or Miao hao (^ ^,)- There are so many Kao-tsu'a, Wu-ti'a, Wen-tVa, Fei-tVs, that the reader is bewildered to find out which one is meant by his Chinese author, or in european works on China, wherein generally no Chinese characters are added, and wherein the name is only represented by the trans- cription. Our alphabetical list gives at a glance the desired name or dynastic title, the beginning and duration of the reign of the emperor in question, as also (between brackets) the dynasty to which he belongs. Although we do not presume that our lists have a great scientific value, still me think that Chinese students will find them a convenient and practical guide for ascertaining, at a moments notice, a given name or date. CHINESE MIAO-HAO & NIEN-HAO. Dynastic Title. Since the Han-dynasty, Miao-hao. C. Chang Tsung A.D. 4190—1208 (Kin). Chang Ti M^ A.D. 76-88 (Tung Han). Chao-Lieh Ti mm'^ AD. 221-222 (Shuh Han). Chao-Siang Wang mmi" B.C. 255-251 (Ts'in). Chao-Siian Ti m*^.'^ A.D. 905-906 (Tang). Chao Ti fls# B.C. 86—74 (Han). Chao Ti ^^# A.D. 189 (Tung Han). Chao-Tsu-Tuan *li.Mm^ A.D. 1500 (Ta Ts'ing). Chao Tsung flS :^ A.D. 889-904 (T'ang). Chao Wang m^ B.C. 1052-1002 (Chow). Ch6h Tsung ^^ A.D. 1086—1100 (Sung). Chen Tsung A.D. 998—1022 (Sung). Ch6n Tsung p^ A.D. 1068—1085 (Sung). Ch'fing Ti ^^ B.C. 32—7 (Han). Ch'6ng T'ang m^ B.C. 1766—1754 (Tin). Ch'Sng Ti ^# A.D. 326—342 (TungTsin) Ch'6ng T'ien ^% A.D. 1154-1167 (Si Liao) Cheng Ting Wang ^^i B.C. 468-441 (Chow). Ch'Sng Tsu ^ffi A D 1403—1424 (Ming). Ch'6ng Tsung mm A.D. 1295—1307 (Tiian). Ch'Sng Wang ^i B.C. 1115—1079 (Chow). Cheng Tang How ^mm A.D. 555 (Liang). Chih Ti M^ A.D. 146 (Tung Han). Chow Sin M^ B.C. 1154r-1128 (Tin). Ch'u # B.C. 2057—2041 (Hia). EZEEMAN VAN WBTIXIM. Chu Li Chung K'ang Chung Ti Chung Ting Chung Tsung Chung Tsung Chwan Hii Chwang-Lieh Ti Chwang-Siang Wang Chwang Tsung Chwang Wang at A.D. 473 (Peh Sung). B.C. 2159-2147 (Hia). A.D. 145 (Tung-Han). B.C. 1562—1550 (Yin). A.D. 684 (Tang). A.D. 705—709 (T'ang). B.C. 2513—2436 (Wu Ti). A.D. 1628 (Ming). B.C. 249—247 (Ts'in). A.D. 923—925 (How T'ang). B.C. 696—682 (Chow). Fah Pei Ti Fei Ti Fei Ti Fei Ti Pei Ti 3E^) B.C. 1837—1819 (Hia). A.D. 240—253 (Wei). A.D. 252—257 (Wu). A.D. 465 (Peh Sung). A.D. 560 (Peh Ts'i). A.D. 934—935 (How T'ang). Hai-Ling Wang mmi' A.D. 494 (Ts'i). Hai-Ling Wang mmi' A.D. 1149—1160 (Kin). Hai-Si Kung MM^ A.D. 366—370 (Tung Tsin) Hi Tsung mm A.D. 874-888 (T'ang). Hi Tsung mm A.D. 1135—1148 (1123— 1148) (Kin). Hi Tsung A.D. 1621—1627 (Ming). Hi wang ^T B.C. 681-677 (Chow). Hiao Chao Ti ^m^ A.D. 560 (Peh Ts'i). MI\0-HAO. Hiao Chwang Ti Hiao Min Ti ^iao Ming Ti Hiao Tsing Ti Hiao Tsung Hiao Tsung Hiao Wang Hiao Wen Ti Hiao Wen Wang Hiao Wu Ti Hiao Wu Ti Hiao Wu Ti Hien Ti Hien Wang Hien W6n Ti Hien Tsu Suan Hien Tsung Hien Tsung Hien Tsung Hing Tsu Chih Hing Tsung Ho Tan Kia Ho Ti Ho Ti How Chu How Chu How Chu Hiian Tsung Hwai Hwai Ti ^Mi^ ■4^ ± #i ^i7t)m If' A.D. 528—529 (Peh Wei). A.D. 557 (Peh Chow). AD. 516 -527 (Peh Wei). A.D. 534-549 (ToungWei). A.D. 1163— 1189 (NanSung). A.D. 1488—1505 (Ming). B.C. 909-895 (Chow). A.D. 471—499 (Peh Wei). B.C. 250 (Chow). A.D. 373—396 (TungTsin). A.D. 454—464 (Peh Sung). A.D. 532—534 (Peh Wei). A.D. 190—220 (Tung Han). B.C. 368—321 (Chow). A.D. 466—470 (Peh Wei). A.D. 1583—1615 (Ta Ts 'ing). A.D. 806—820 (T ang). A.D. 1251—1259 (Yiian). A.D. 1465-1487 (Ming). A.D. ca. 1525 (Ta Tsing). A.D. 1031—1054 (Khi-tan). B.C. 1534—1526 (Yin). A.D. 89—105 (Tung Han). A.D. 501 (Ts'i). A.D. 223 (Shuh Han). A.d'. 565—575 (Peh Ts'i). See W6n Kung. A.D. 583 (Ch'fen). A.D. 713-755 (Tang). B.C. 2040—2015 (Hia), A.D.307— 312 (WesternTsin). BZERMAN & VAN WETTTJM. Hwai-Tang Wang mm^ A.D. -23-24 (Han). Hwan Ti fe^ A.D. 147—167 (Tung Han) Hwan Wang mm B.C. 719—697 (Chow). Hwang Ti m'^ B.C. 2697-2598 (Wu Ti). Hwei Ti m^ B.C. 194—188 (Han). Hwei Ti m^ A.D.290— 306 (WesternTsin). Hwei Ti M^ A.D. 1399—1402 (Ming). Hwei Tsung urn A.D. 1101—1125 (Sung). Hwei Wang IS B.C. 676-652 (Chow). I Tsung I Wang I Wang JSn Tsung J6n Tsung J6n Tsung J6n Tsung Jen Tsung Jui Ju Tsz Ying Jui Tsung Jui Tsung I. J. Mm A—- ti* 1- :^ /f— *±* A.D. 860—873 (T'ang). B.C. 894—879 (Chow). RC. 934-910 (Chow). A.D. 1023—1063 (Sung). A.D. 1142—1153 (Si-Liao). A.D. 1312- 1.S20 (Tiian). A.D. 1425 (Ming). A.D. 1796—1820 (TaTs'ing). A.D. 6—8 (Han). A.D. 684 (Tang). A.D. 710—712 (T'ang). Kan T'ien How K'ang Ti K'ang Wang Eao Kao How Kao-Kwei K'ing-Kung Kao Ti Kao Ti mm B m^ AD. 1136—1141 (Si Liao). A.D. 343-344 (TungTsin). B.C. 1078—1053 (Chow). B.C. 1848—1838 (Hia). B.C. 187-180 (Han). A.D. 254—259 (Wei). B.C. 206—195 (Han). A.D, 479—482 (Ts'i). MIAO-HAO. Kao Tsu Kao Tsu Eao Tsu Kao Tsu Kao Tsu Kao Tsung Kao Tsung Kao Tsung Shun K'ao Wang K6ng Ting K'ih Kieh.Kwei Kien Wang Kien Wen Ti Kien W6n Ti Kin K'in Tsung King Ti King Ti King Ti King Tsu Tih King Tsung King Tsung K'ing Wang King Wang King Wang Kiung Kiin Wang K'ung Kia Kung Ti Kung Ti m flia r^i Alt -^ ti* 1^ aTC 3E Mi M ^^ B.C. '206—195 (Ilan). A.D. 589—604 (Sui). A D. 618—626 (T ang). A.D. 936—942 (How Tsin). A.D. 947 (How Han). A.D. 650—683 (T'ang). A.D. 4127—1162 (Nan Sung). A.D. 1736—1795 (Ta Ts'ing). B.C. 440—426 (Chow). B.C. 1219—1199 (Tin). B.C. 2197—2189 (Hia). B.C. 1818—1767 (Hia). B.C. 585—572 (Chow), A.D. 371—372 (Tung Tsin). A.D. 550 (Liang). B.C. 1900—1880 (Hia). A.D., 1126 (Sung). B.C. 156-141 (Han). A.D. 258—263 (Wu). A.D. 555—556 (Liang). A.D. ca. 1550 (Ta Ts'ing). A.D. 825-826 (T'ang). A.D. 968—982 (Khi-tan). B.C. 618—613 (Chow). B.C. 544—520 (Chow). B.C. 519—476 (Chow). B.C. 1921—1901 (Hia). A.D. 915—922 (How Liang). B.C. 1879—1849 (Hia). A.D. 419 (Tung Tsin). A.D. 554—556 (Si Wei). EZEEMAN & VAN WETTUM. Xung Ti #^ Kung Ti #^ Kung Ti Yew #f*f^ Kung Ti T'ung ^^M Kung Wang ^i Kwang Tsung 7U TK Kwang Tsung 7L >JV KVang Wang m^ Kwang Wn Ti ^M'^ L. Li Tsung ii^ Li Wang MT Lieh Wang ^IT Lin Hai Wang Wu-m^ Lin Sin M^ Lin T'ao Wang Wn iM i Ling Ti mi^ Ling Wang M T Lii Shi g^ Lu Wang 1 M. Mang S Min Ti m^ Min Ti m^ Ming Ti m^ Ming Ti m^ Ming Ti m^ Ming Ti 0j^ Ming Ti BJ^ A.D. 960 (How Chow). A.D. 1275 (Nan Sung). A.D. 617 (Sui). A.D. 618 (Sui). B.C. 946—935 (Chow). A.D. 1190— 1194(Nan Sung). A.D. 1620 (Ming). B.C. 612—607 (Chow). A.D. 25-57 (Tung Han). A.D.I 225—1 264 (Nan Sung). B.C. 878—828 (Chow). B.C. 375—369 (Chow). A.D. 567-568 (Ch'to). B.C. 1225—1220 (Yin). A.D. 528 (Peh Wei). A.D. 168-189 (Tung Han). B.C. 571—545 (Chow). B.C. 187-180 (Han). A.D. 934—935 (How T ang). B.C. 2014^1997 (Hia). A.D.318-316(WesternTsin). A.D. 934 (How Tang). A.D. 5S— 75 (Tung Han). A.D. 227-239 (Wei). A.D. 323-325 (Tung Tsin). A.D. 465-472 (Peh Sung). A.D. 494—498 (Ts'i). MIAO-HAO. Ming Ti Ming Tsnng Ming Tsung Ming-Tiian Ti Moh Chu Moh Ti Moh Ti Moh Ti . Muh Ti Mnh Tsung Muh Tsung Muh Tsung Muh Tsung Muh Wang Nan KSng Nan-Ngan Wang Nan Wang Ngai Ti Ngai Ti Ngai Tgung Ngai Tsung Ngan-T6h Wang Ngan Ti Ngan Ti Ngan-Ting Wang Ning Tsung APT Ngan Wang N. <^* fci* ^3E A.D. 557- A.D. 926— A.D. 1329 A.D. 409- A.D. 1168 A.D. 264- A.D. 915- A.D. 1234 A.D. 345- A.D. 821- A.D. 951- A.D, 1567- A.D. 1862 B.C. 1001 560 (Peh Chow). 933 (How T'ang). (Yuan). 423 (Peh Wei). (Si Liao). 280 (Wu). 922 (How Liang). (Kin). ■361 (TungTsin). -824 (Tang). 967 (Khi-tan). —1572 (Ming). 1874(TaTsmg). 947 (Chow). B.C. 1433—1409 (Tin). A.D. 452 (Peh Wei). B.C. 314—256 (Chow). B.C. 6—1 (Han). A.D. 362—365 (TungTsin). A.D. 905—906 (Tang). A.D. 1224—1233 Kin). A D. 576 (Peh- Ts'i). A.D. 107—125 (Tung Han). A.D. 397—418 (TungTsin). A.D. 531 (Peh Wei). A.D. 1195-1224{NanSung). B.C. 401—376 (Chow). 10 EZERMAN & VAN WETTUM. P'an Efeng Ping Ti P'ing Wang Puh Kiang B.C. 1401—1374 (Tin). A.D, 1—5 (Han). B.C. 770—720 (Chow). B.C. 1980—1922 (Hia). Shang Ti Shao Hao Shao K'ang Shao Ti Shao Ti Shi Hwang- Ti Shi Tsn Shi-Tsu Chang Shi Tsung Shi Tsung Shi Tsung Shi Tsung Shi- Tsung Hien Sh6n-Tsing Wang ShSn Tsung Sh6ng-Tsu J§n Sh6ng Tsung Shun Ti Shun Ti Shun Ti Shun Tsung Siang Slang Wang ^ 4^^ 4^^ *^M^ iftia tflria* ^ 1^ ift^d I) i:^ Wm ifl:^ 4W- *i* ^^ M ^ mm mm Hrflir ^ ^ n^d 1) Ji^ )i^ m^ )i^ ffi Si A.D. 106 (Tung Han). B.C. 2597—2514 (Wu Ti). B.C. 2079—2058 (Hia). A.D. 254—259 (Wei). A.D. 423 (Peh Sung). B.C. 221—210 (Ts'in). A.D. 1260—1294 (Yiian). A.D. 1644—1661 (Ta Tsing). A.D. 947—950 (Khi-tan). A.D. 954—959 (How Chow). A.D. 1161—1189 (Kin). A.D. 1522—1566 (Ming). A.D. 1723—1735 (Ta Ts'ing). B.C. 320-315 (Chow). A.D. 1573-1619 (Ming). A.D. 1662—1722 (Ta Ts'ing). AD. 983-1030 (Khi-tan). A.D. 126-144 (Tung Han). A.D. 477—478 (Peh Sung). A.D. 1333—1367 (Yiian). A D. 805 (T-ang). B.C. 2146—2120 (Wu Ti). B.C. 651—619 (Chow). MIAO-HAO. 11 Siao Eia /h^ B.C. 1666—1650 (Yin) Siao Sin ^h* B.C. 1373—1353 (Yin). Siao Yih ^hZa B.C. 1352—1325 (Yin). Sieh m^ B.C. 1996—1981 (Hia). Su Tsung ^H "^ A.D. 756—762 (Tang). Siian Ti w^ B.C. 73-49 (Han). Siian Ti *m.^ A.D. 569—582 (Ch'6n). Suan Ti H"^ A.D. 578—579 (Peh Chow). Siian Tsnng A.D. 847—859 (T'ang). Suan Tsnng (^) A.D. 1213—1223 (Kin). Siian Tsung w^ - A.D. 1426-1435 (Ming). Siian-Tsung C'hSng *^ *i* ^M^ AD. 1821-1850 (TaTs'ing). Siian Wang WT B.C. 827—782 (Chow). Siian Wu Ti Wi^eiis* A.D. 500-515 (Peh Wei). Ta Ti Ta Yii T'ai Hao T'ai K'ang T'ai K6ng T'ai Kia T'ai Mow T'ai Ting T'ai-Ting Ti T'ai Tsu T'ai Tsu T'ai Tsu T'ai Tsu T'ai Tsu T'ai Tsu iK'^ A.D. 222-251 (Wu). ■AU B C. 2205—2198 (Wu Ti). is:m B.C. 2852—2738 (Wu Ti). isiM B.C. 2188—2160 (Wu Ti). i^m B.C. 1691—1667 (Yin). -k^ B.C. 1753—1721 (Yin). ±1^ B C. 1637—1563 (Yin). ±r B.C. 1194—1192 (Yin). m^^ A.D. 1324-1328 (Yiian). istm A.D, 907— 914 (How Liang) is:m.iM) A.D. 907-926 (Khi-tan). isink AD. 951-953 (How Chow) -Mm. A.D. 960—975 (Sung). is:m.i4:) . A.D. 1115-1122 (Kin). i:ffl A.D. 1206-1228 (Yiian). 12 EZBRMAN & VAN WETTUM. T'ai Tsu ^ M k.D. 1368—1398 (Ming). T'ai-Tsu Kao i: rfl i^ ^ f' A.D. 1610—1626 Ta Tsing). T'ai Tsung 3^^ A.D. 409-423 (Peh Wei). T'ai Tsung ^ACtis A D. 627-649 (T'ang). T'ai Tsung ;:^7rr A.D. 976—997 (Sung). T'ai Tsung i:^(^) A.D. 1123—1134 (Kin). T'ai Tsung istm A.D. 1229—1245 (Yiian). , T'ai Tsung -km CM) A.D. 927—946 (Khi-tan). Tai Tsung AD. 763—779 (T'ang). Tai Tsung King Ti ^^^^ A.D. 1450—1456 (Ming). T'ai-Tsung Wen km'^m^ A.D. 1627—1643 (Ta Ts mg). T'ai Wu Ti iscn^ A.D. 424-451 (Peh Wei). T'ang Ti Tao B^m B.C. 2357-2256 (Wu Ti). Tao Tsung Mmm) A.D. 1055—1100 (Khi-tan). Tao Wu Ti M.M^ A.D. 386—408 (Peh Wei). T6h Tsung 1^ ^JV A.D. 780—804 (T'ang). T6h Tsung Mm m'M) A.D. 1125—1135 (Si Liao). Ti Chih ^m B.C. 2366—2357 (Wu Ti). Ti Hiian ^^ A.D. 23—24 (Han). Ti K'in 1^0: A.D. 552—553 (Si Wei). Ti Kuh •^# B.C. 2435-2367 (Wu Ti). Ti Ping ^M A.D. 1278 (Nan Sung). Ti Yih ^Zu B.C. 1191-1155 (Yin). Ti Yih ^^ A.D. 366—370 (Tung-Tsin). T'ien Cha ^fr^(^) A.D. 1101—1124 (Khi-tan). Ting Tsung ^m A.D. 1246—1250 (Yiian). Ting Wang ^i B.C. 606-586 (Chow). Ts'ang-Wu Wang M^l^ A.D. 473—476 (Peh Sung). Ts'i Wang ^T A.D. 943-946 (How Tsin). Tsieh-Min Ti n m %^ A.D. 531 (Peh Wei). Tsing Ti m^ A.D. 580—588 (Peh Chow). MIAO-HAO. lb Tsu K6ng fflM B.C. 1265—1-259 (Tin). Tsu Kia jjil^ B.C. 1258—1226 (Yin). Tsu Sin la* B.C. 1506-1491 (Yin). Tsu Ting mr B.C. 1465—1434 (Yin). Tsu Yih mza B.C. 1525—1507 (Yin). Tsze Yeh ^n see Fei Ti A.D. 465. Tu Tsung K^ A.D.1265— 1276 (Nan Sung). Tung-Chow Kiin MM^ B.C. 255—249. Tung Hwen How m#^ A.D. 499-500 (Ts'i). Tung-Hai Wang . Mm T A D. 530 (Peh Wei). Twan Tsung u. A,D.1276— 1277 (Nan Sung). Urh-Shi Hwang-Ti B.C. 209—207 (Ts'in). w. Wai Jto ^^i B.C. 1549—1535 (Yin). Wang Cheng l^M B.C. 246-222 (Ts'in). Wang Mang, styled Sin HffS^ A.D. 9—22 (Han). (usurper) Wei-Lieh Wang mm^ B.C. 425 402 (Chow). Wei-Shao Wang mm^^^) A.D. 1209—1212 (Kin). WSn-Ch'6ng Ti ^^"^ A.D. 452-465 (Peh Wei). W6n Kung i^S' A.D. 565—575 (Peh Ts'i). W6n-Suan Ti ^'Ui^ A.D. 550—559 (Peh Ts'i). W6n Ti ^^ B.C. 179-157 (Han). wen Ti ^^ A.D. 220—226 (Wei). wen Ti ^^ A.D. 424—453 (Peh Sung) W6n Ti ^^ A.D. 535—551 (Si Wei). W6n Ti ^^ A.D. 560—566 (Ch'Sn). Wto Ti ^^ A.D. 589-604 (Sui). 14 EZEEMAN & VAN WETTUM. wen Ti W6n Tsung Wfen-Tsung Hien Wu-Ch'Sng Ti Wu How Wu Ti Wu Ti Wu Ti Wu Ti Wu Ti Wu Ti Wu Ti Wu Ting Wu Tsung Wu Tsung Wu Tsung Wu Wang Wu Yih -iV- tt* HS MB ^^ ^^ nr •^ A.D. 1330—1332 (Tiian). A.D. 827—840 (Tang). A.D. 1851—1861 (Ta Ts-ing). A.D. 561—575 (Peh Ts'i). A.D. 684—704 (T'ang). B.C. 140—87 (Han). A.D.265— 289 ( WesternTsin). AD. 420-422 (Peh Sung). A.D. 483- 493 (Ts'i). A.D. 502—549 (Liang). A.D. 557—559 (Ch'fin). A.D. 561^577 (Peh Chow). B.C. 1324—1266 (Yin). A.D. 841—846 (Tang). A.D. 1308—1311 (Yiian). A.D. 1506—1521 (Ming). B.C. 1122—1116 (Chow). B.C. 1198—1195 (Yin). Yang Kia Yang Ti Yen Ti Yew Chu Yew Wang Yin Ti Ying Tsung Ying Tsung Ying Tsung Ying Tsung Ying- Yang Wang B.C. 1408-1402 (Yin). A.D. 605—616 (Sui). B.C. 2737—2698 (Wu Ti). A.D. 577 (Peh Ts'i). B.C. 781—771 (Chow). A.D. 948-950 (How Han). A.D. 1064-1067 (Sung). A.D. 1321-1323 (Yiian). A.D. 1436—1449 (Ming). A.D. 1457—1466 (Ming). A.D. 423 (Peh Sung). MIAO-HiO. 15 Yii-Chang Wang Yii Kia Yii-Lin Wang Yu Ti Shun Yii Ting Yiian Ti Yiian Ti Yuan Ti Yuan Ti Yiian Wang Yung Ki 7C3E A.D. 551 (Liang). B.C. 1490-1466 (Yin). A.D. 494 (Ts'i). B.C. 2255—2206 (Wu Ti). B.C. 1720—1692 (Yin). B.C. 48—33 (Han). A.D. 260 (Wei). A.D. 317-322 (Tung Tsin). A.D. 552—554 (Liang). B.C. 475—469 (Chow). B.C. 1649—1638 (Yin), 16 EZEBMAN & VAN WETTUM; II. Tear-title or Nien-Hao. c. Chang Ho Ctang Wu Ch'ang Hing CJi'ang K'ing Ch'ang Ngan Ch'ang Show Chao Ning Cheng Ho Cheng Ho Ch'ang Hwa Ch§ng Kwan Cheng Kwang Ch'Sng Kwang Ch^ng LuDg Ch'§ng Ming Ch'eng "Ming Cheng Ming Ch'eng Ngan Ch'eng P'ing Ch'eng Sheng ChSng Sheng Ch6ng Shi Chgng Shi Chgng Ta 1) The H I Mayers, Ferny and IE ^ ^ jE jE jE ^ n it m m m m ^ and '^ ^ ^ give hoth others all erroneously write Kao SMng. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. B.C. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D.. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. I A.D. W- IB 87-88. 221-222. 930-933. 821-824. 701-704. 692-693. 189. 92-89. 1111—1117. 1465-1487. 627-649. 519—524. 577. 1156-1160. 476. 587-588. 915-920. 1196-1200. 452. 552-554. 695 1). 240—248. 504-507. 1224-1281. Cheng SMng , which NIEN-HAO. 17 Chgng Teh iF m A.D. 1506-1521. Cheng T'ung IF 7^ A.D. 1436-1449. Cheng Yen ^ W A.D. 1213-1216. Cheng Yuan jE 7C A.D. 254-255. Cheng Yiian M >L A.D. 785-804. Cheng Yuan M 7C A.D. 1153-1155. Chi Cheng ^ TF A.D. 1341-1367. Chi Chi M A.D. 1321-1328. Chi Ho ^ 5RJ A.D. 1054-1055. Chi Ho m ^ A.D. 1328. Chi Ning ^ ^ A.D. 1213. Chi P'ing 7a ¥ A.D. 1064-1067. Chi Shun ^ Hi A.D. 1330—1832. Chi Ta ^ A A.D. 1808-1311. Chi Tao ^ ^ A.D. 995-997. Chi Teh M m A.D. 588-586. Chi Teh ^ A.D. 756-757. Chi Yiian ^ TC A.D. 1264-1294. Chi Yiian ^ 7C A.D. 1335-1340. Ch'ih Wu ^^ »% A.D. 238-250. Ch'u Shi ^li i^ A.D. 8. Ch'u P'ing HHJ ¥ A.D. 190-193. Ch'u Yiian ^li 7C B.C. 48-44. Ohui Kung n ^. A.D. 685-688. Ch'ung Hi m ,^ A.D. 1032-1054. Chung Hing ^ M A.D. 501. Chung Hing ^ m A.D. 581. Chung Ho ^ ^ A.D. 881-884. Chung Ho s ^ A.D. 1118. Chnng P'ing ^ ¥ ' A.D. 184—189. Chung P'ing ^ ¥ A.D. 189. 18 EZERMAN & VAN WETTUM. Chung Ta T'ung Ohuug Ta T'ung Oh'ung Teh Chung T'ung Chung Yuan Chung Yuan ^ i^ m fp i^ n m. m ^ ■§ ^ -ft 4" 7C A.D. 529-534. A.D. 546. A.D. 1154-1167. A.D. 1260—1263. A.D. 56-57. B.C. 149-144. Fung Hwang Han Ngan Hi Ning Hi P'ing Hi P'ing Hiao Ch'ang Hiao Kien Hien Fung Hien Heng Hien Hi Hien Ho Hien K'ang Hien K'ing Hien Ngan Hien Ning Hien P'ing Hien Shun HienThe Hien Teh Hien Ts'ing Hien T'ung A.D. 272—274. H. m ^ m ¥ m ¥ A.D. 142- -143. A.D. 1068 -1077 A.D. 172- -175. A.D. 516. A.D. 525- -527. A.D. 454- -456. AD. 1851 -1861 A.D. 670- -673. A.D. 264. A.D. 326- -334. A.D. 335- -342. A.D. 656- -660. A.D. 371- -372. A.D. 275- -279. A.D. 998- -1004. A.D. 1265 -1274 A.D. 954- -959. A.D. 959- -960. A.D. 1136 -1141 A.D. 860- ■873. NIEN-HAO. 19 Hien Tung Hing Ho Hing Kwang Hing Ngan Hing Ning Hing P'ing Hing Ting Hing Yiian Ho P'ing Ho P'ing Ho P'ing Ho Ts'ing How Yiian How Yiian How Yiian Hung Chi Hung Hi Hung Kia HuDg Kwang Hung Tao Hung Wu Hwang Ch'u Hwang Hing Hwang Een Hwang K'ing Hwang Lung Hwang Lung Hwang Shi Hwang T'ai Hwang Tgh m m % ^ ^ M M ^ 7C m 7C ^& A.D. 1066-1073. A.D. 539. A.D. 454. A.D. 452-453. A.D. 363-365. A.D. 194-195. A.D. 1217-1221. A.D. 784. B.C. 28-25. A.D. 150. A.D. 460-465. A.D. 562-564. B.C. 163-150. B.C. 143-141. B.C. 88-87. A.D. 1488-1505. A.D. 1425. B.C. 20-17.- A.D. 1645. (Ming- dynasty.) A.D. 683. A.D. 1368-1398. A.D. 220-226. A.D. 467-470. A.D. 560. A.D. 1312-1313. B.C. 49. A.D. 229-231. A.D. 396-397. A.D. 618. A.D. 1154. 20 IZBRMAN & VAN WETTTJM. Hwang T'ung Hwang Wu Hwang Yew Hwei Ch'ang Hwei T'ung I Fung I Hi I Ning Jen Show Ju I I. J. # 1^ i: ^ A.D. 1141—1148. A.D. 222-228. A.D. 1049—1053. A.D. 841-846. A.D. 937-945. A.D. 676—678. A.D. 405-418. A.D. 617. A.D. 601-604. A.D. 692. K'ai Ch'eng K'ai Hi K'ai Hing K'ai Hwang K'ai K'ing K'ai Pao K'ai P'ing K'ai T'ai K'ai Yao K'ai Yiian K'ai Yiin Kan Lu Kan Lu Kan Lu K'ang Hi K'ang Kwoh K'ang Ting i§ Wu JC A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. AD. A.D. A.D. A.D. B.C. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. 836—840. 1205-1207. 1233. 581—600. 1259. 968-975. 907—910. 1012-1019. 681. 713-741. 944-946. 53-50. 256—259. 265. 1662—1722. 1126-1135. 1040. NIEN-HAO. 21 Keng Hing Keng Shi Kia Hi Kia Ho Kia K'ing Kia P'ing Kia T'ai Kia Ting Kia Tsing Kia Yew Kien Chao Een Ch'u Kien Chung Kien Chung Tsing Kwoh K'ien Fu K'ien Fung Kien H6ng K'ien Heng Kien Hing Kien Hing Kien Hing K'ien Hing Kien Ho K'ien Hwa Kien I Kien K'ang Kien Kwang Kien Lung K'ien Lung Kien Ming K'ien Ming M M M ^ ¥ ^ 5B m m ft ^ m m it m 3fe ^ ^ A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. B.C. A.D. A.D A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. 529. 23-24. 1237-1240. 232-237. 1796-1820. 249-253. 1201-1204. 1208-1224. 1522-1566. 1056-1063. 38-34. 76-88. 780-783. 1101. 874-879. 666-667. 269-271. 978-982. 223-237. 252-253. 313-316. 1022. 147-149. 911-914. 528. 144. 121. 960-962. 1736-1795. 530. 560. 22 EZEEMAN & VAN WETTUM. Kien Ngan Kien Ning K'ien Ning Kien P'iug Kien Shi K'ien Tao Kien Teh K'ien Teh K'ien T'ung Kien Wen Kien Wu Kien Wu Kien Wu Kien Wu Kien Ten K'ien Yew Kien Yuan Kien Yuan Kien Yuan K'ien Yiian King Ch'u King Fuh King Fuh King Ho ^ K'ing Lih King Lung King Ming King Ning King P'ing King T'ai King T6h # M* ^ 7C 7C 7C 7C li Hi ¥ A.D, 196-219. A.D. 168-171. A.D. 894-897. B.C. 6- 3. B.C. 32-29. A.D. 1165-1173. A.D. 572-577. A.D. 963-967. A.D. 1101-1109. A.D. 1399-1402. A.D. 25-55. A.D. 804. A.D. 317. A.D. 494-497. A.D. 1127-1130. A.D. 948-950. B.C. 140-135. A.D. 343-344. A.D. 479-482. A.D. 758—759. A.D, 237-239. A.D. 892-893. A.D. 1031. A.D. 465. A.D. 1041-1048. A.D. 707-709. A.D. 500—503, B.C. 33. A.D. 423. A.D. 1450-1456. A.D. 1004—1007. NIEN-HAO. 23 King Ting King Tao King Yen King Yew King Yuan K'ing Yuan King Yiin Kiu Shi Kii Shih Kwang Hi Kwang Hi Kwang Ho Kwang Hwa Kwang Ki Kwang Ming Kwang Shun Kwang Sii Kwang Ta Kwang Teh Kwang Tseh 3fe ± ^ ^ m m ± ^ A.D. 1260-1264. A.D. 258-262. A.D. 1276-1277. A.D. 1034-1037. A.D. 260-263. A.D. 1195-1200. A.D. 710-711. A.D. 700. A.D. 6-7. A.D. 189. A.D. 306. A.D. 178-183. A.D. 898-900. A.D. 885-887. A.D. 880. A.D. 951-953. A.D. 1875 to the present day. A.D. 567-568. A.D. 763-764. A.D. 684. Lin Teh Lung Ch'ang Lung Hing Lung Ho Lung Hwa Lung Ki Lung K'ing Lung Ngan IE ^ A.D. 664-665. A.D. 494. A.D. 1168-1164. A.D. 362. A.D. 576. A.D. 889. A.D. 1567-1572. A.D. 397-401. 24 EZERMAN & VAN WETTUM. Lung Ngan Lung Soh Lung Teh Lung Wu Ming Ch'ang Ming Tao Ning K'ang m ^1 M. N. ^ n A.D. 402. A.D. 661-663. A.D. 921-922. A.D. 1646 (Ming). A.D. 1190-1195. A.D. 1032—1033. A.D. 373—375, Pao K'ing Pao Lih Pao Ning Pao Ta Pao Ting Pao Ting Pao Yew Pao Ying Pao Yvian Pgn Cli'n Pen Shi P'u T'ung Shang Yuan Shang Yuan Shao Hi Shao Hing S. ± ± 7C 7t A.D. 1225-1227. A.D. 825-826. A.D. 968-977. A.D. 1119-1125. A.D. 266-268. A.D. 561—565. A.D. 1253—1258. A.D. 762. A.D. 1038-1039. A.D. 146. B.C. 73-70. A.D. 520-526. A.D. 674-675. A.D. 760—761. A.D. 1190-1194. A.D. 1131-1162. NIEN-HAO. 25 Shao Hing Shao Sheng Shao T'ai Shao Ting Shen Fung Shen Shwui ShSn Kia Shen Kung ShSn Kwei Shen Lung Shen Ts'eh Shen Tsioh Sheng Ch'ang ShSng Lih Sheng Ming Shgng P'ing Shi Kien Kwoh Shi Kwang Shi Tiian Show Kwoh Show Lung Shun Chi Shun Hi Shun Hwa Shun Tew Siang Hing Siian Ch§ng Siian Ho Siian Teh Sui Ho Sze Sheng ^ W ^ ^ m m # m t^ m m 1^ ^ it Ml A.D. 1142-1153. A.D. 1094-1097. A:D. 555. A.D. 1228-1233. A.D. 252. A.D. 414-415. A.D. 428-431. A.D. 697. A.D. 517-518. A.D. 705-706. A.D. 916-921. B.C. 61-58. A.D. 1234. A.D. 698-699. A.D. 477-478. A.D. 357-361. A.D. 9-13. A.D. 424-427. B.C. 86-81. A.D. 1115-1117. A.D. 1092-1100. A.D. 1644-1661. A.D. 1174-1189. A.D. 990-994. A.D. 1241-1252. A.D. 1278-1279. A.D. 578. A.D. 1119-1125. A.D. 1426-1485. B.C. 8-7. A.D. 684. 26 EZERMAK & VAN WETTUM. Ta Ch'gng Ta Chung Siang Fu Ta Hiang Ta K'ang Ta Kien Ta Kwan Ta Lih Ta Ming Ta Ngan Ta Ngan Ta Pao Ta Shun Ta Siang Ta Teh Ta Ting Ta Ting Ta Tsuh Ta T'ung Ta T'ung Ta T'ung Ta Yeh T'ai Tiian T'ai Chang T'ai Ch'ang T'ai Ch'ang T'ai Ch'u T'ai Chung T'ai Hi A 1 A m. A.D . 579. A.D . lOOg -1016 A.D . 402. A.D 1074 -1082 A.D 569- -582. A.D 1107 -1110 A.D. 766- -779. A.D. 457- -464. A.n. 1083 -1091. A.D. 1209 -1211. A.D. 550. A.D. 890- -891. A.D. 580. A.D. 1297- -1307. A.D. 581. A.D. 1161- -1189. A.D. 701. A.D. 527- 528. A.D. 535- 545. A.D. 946. A.D. 605- 616. A.D. 376- 396. A.D. 416- 423. A.D. 532. A.D. 1620. B.C. 104— 101. A.D. 847- 859. A.D, 290. NIEN-HAO. 27 T'ai Hing T'ai Ho T'ai Ho T'ai Ho T'ai Ho T'ai Ho T'ai K'ang T'ai Kih T'ai Ngan T'ai Ngan T'ai Ning T'ai Ning T'ai Fing T'ai P'ing T'ai P'ing T'ai P'ing T'ai-P'ing Chin-Kiun T'ai-P'ing Hing-Kwoh T'ai Shi T'ai Shi T'ai Shi T'ai Ting T'ai Ts'ing T'ai Ten T'ai Yii T'ai Yiian Tao Kwang Teh Ch'ang Teh Yew Teng Kwoh Ti Tsieh is: m is: ^ is: ^ is: ^ is: ^ is: @ is: ^ is: ^ is: ^ ± i is: ¥ is: ¥ is: ¥ is: ^ m is: ^ m is: i^ m i& is: m is: M. is: TC UUii 1= m w A.D. 318-321. A.D. 227-232. A.D. 366—370. A.D. 477—499. A.D. 827—835. A.D. 1201—1208. A.D. 280—289. A.D. 712. A.D. 802-303. A.D. 455-459. A.D. 323-325. A.D. 561. A.D. 256-257. A.D. 440. A.D. 556. A.D. 1020—1030. A.D. 440-451. A.D. 976-983. B.C. 96—93. A.D. 265—274. A.D. 465—471. A.D. 1324-1327. A.D. 547-549. A.D. 435—439. A.D. 472. A.D. 251. A.D. 1821—1850. A.D. 576. A.D. 1275. A.D. 386-395. B.C. 69-66. 28 EZEEMAN & VAU WETTUM. T'iao Lu T'ien Cheng T'ien Ch'eng T'ien Ch'eng T'ien Fu T'ien Puh T'ien Puh T'ien Fuh T'ien Fung T'ien Han T'ien Hi T'ien Hi T'ien Hien T'ien Hien T'ien Hing T'ien Hing T'ien Ho Ti Hwang T'ien Hwei T'ien K'ang T'ien Ei T'ien K'ih T'ien Kia T'ien Kien T'ien K'ing T'ien E'iian T'ien Lih . T'ien Lih T'ien Luh T'ien Ming T'ien Ngan jE m ^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 679. A.D. 551. A.D. 555. A.D. 926-929. A.D. 1118-1122. A.D. 901—903. A.D. 936-943. A.D. 936—947. A.D. 14—19. B.C. 100—97. A.D. 1017-1021. A.D. 1168. A.D. 925—926. A.D. 927—936. A.D. 398—403. A.D. 1232. A.D. 566-571. A.D. 20—22. A.D. 1123—1187. A.D. 566. A.D. 277—280. A.D. 1621—1627. A.D. 560—565. A.D. 502—519. A.D. 1110-1118. A.D. 1138—1140. A.D. 1329. A.D. 1330. A.D. 947-950. A.D. 1616—1626. A.D. 466. NIEN-HAO. 29 T'ien P'mg T'ien Pao T'ien Pao T'ien Sheng T'ien Show T'ien Shun T'ien Si T'ien Teh T'ien Tsan T'ien Ts'eh T'ien Ts'eh Wan Sui T'ien Tsung T'ien Ts'ze Ta T'ung T'ien T'ung T'ien Yew Ts'ai Ch'u Tsin T'ai Tsing K'ang Ts'ing Lung Ts'ing Ning Ts'ing T'ai Tsung Chang Ts'ung Cheng Ts'ung Fuh Ts'ung K'ing Ts'ung Ning Ts'ung Teh T'ung Chi T'ung Ho T'ung Kwang ¥ ^ IB Hi m m ^7i m SB m M A.D. 534-537. A.D. 550—559. A.D. 742-755. A.D. 1023-1031. A.D. 690-691. A.D. 1457—1464. A.D. 276. A.D. 1149-1152. A.D. 922-924. A.D. 275. A.D. 695. A.D. 1627—1635. A.D. 404—408. A.D. 535—557. A.D. 565-569. A.D. 904-906. A.D. 689. A.D. 531. A.D. 1126. A.D. 233-236. A.D. 1055-1065. A.D. 934-935. A.D. 668—669. A.D. 1628-1644. A.D. 1154. A.D. 1212. A.D. 1102-1106. A.D. 1636—1643. A.D. 1862—1874. A.D. 983—1011. A.D. 923—925. 30 BZEEMAN & VAN WETTUM. Twan Kung Twan P'ing Wan Lib Wan Sui T'ung T'ien Wen Ming Wen Teh Wu Ch'eng Wu Fung Wu Fung Wu P'ing Wu T'ai Wu Teh Wu Ting w. ^ m n m A.D. 988—989. A.D. 1234—1236. A.D. 1573—1619. A.D. 696. A.D. 684. A.D. 888. A.D. 558—560. B.C. 57—54. A.D. 254—255. A.D. 570—575. A.D. 528. A.D. 618—626. A.D. 543—550. Yang Kia Yang Soh Yen Ch'ang Yen Hi Yen Hi Yen Hing Yen Hing Yen Hing Yen Ho Yen Ho Yen K'ang Yen K'ing Yen Kwang Yen P'ing m m ^ ^ A.D. 132—135. B.C. 24—21. A.D. 512-515. A.D. 153-166. A.D. 238-257. A.D. 263. A.D. 471-475. A.D. 494. A.D. 432-434. A.D. 712. A.D. 220. A.D. 1125. A.D. 122-125. A.D. 103-106. NIEN-HAO. 31 Yen Tsai Yen Yew Ying Lib Ying Shun Yuan Cheng Yiian Pu Yiian Fung Yuan Fung Yiian Fung Yuan Hi Yiian Hing Yiian Hing Yiian Hing Yiian Hing Yiian Ho Yiian Ho Yuan Hwei Yuan K'ang Yuan K'ang Yiian Kia Yuan Kia Yiian Kwang Yiian Kwang Yiian P'ing Yuan Shi Yiian Show ' Yuan Show Yiian Slang Yiian Soh Yuan Ting Yiian T'ung -^. XUlt ? TC 7C 7U TU 7C ? 7C ? TC x; 7C E& ^ ^ A.D. 694. A.D. 1314-1320. A.D. 951—967. A.D. 934. A.D. 1295—1296. A.D. 1098-1100. B.C. 110-105. B.C. 80-75. A.D. 1078—1085. A.D. 419. A.D. 105. A.D. 264. A.D. 402. A.D. 403—404. A.D. 84—86. A.D. 806—820. A.D. 473-476. B.C. 65-62. A.D. 291—299. A.D. 151—152. A.D. 424—453. B.C. 134—129. A.D. 1222—1223. B.C. 74. A.D. 1—5. B.C. 2-1. B.C. 122-117. A.D. 538. B.C. 128-123. B.C. 116-111. A.D. 1333-1384. 32 EZBRMAN VAN- WETTUM. Yiian Yen Yuan Yew Yung Ch'ang Yung Ch'ang Yung Cheng Yung Cheng Yung Ch'u Yung Ch'u Yung Chun Yung Han Yung Hi Yung Hi Yung Hi Yung Hing Yung Hing Yung Hing Yung Hing Yung Hwei Yung Ho Yung Ho Yung K'ang Yung K'ang Yung Kia Yung Kia Yung Kien Yung Kwang Yung Kwang Yung Lih Yung Loh Yung Lung Yung Ming 7C m 3fe 3fe BJI B.C. 12-9. A.D. 1086—1093. A.D. 322. A.D. 689. A.D. 805. A.D. 1723-1735. A.D. 107-113. A.D. 420—422. A.D. 682. A.D. 189. A.D. 290. A.D. 582—534. A.D. 984—987. A.D. 153-154. A.D. 304—305. A.D. 409-413. A.D. 532. A.D. 650-655. A.D. 136—141. A.D. 345—356. A.D. 167. A.D. 300. A.D. 145. A.D. 307-312. A.D. 126—131. B.C. 43—39.. A.D. 465. A.D. 1647. A.D. 1403—1424. A.D. 680. A.D. 483—498. NIEN-HAO. 33 Yung Ngan Yung Ngan Yung Ngan Yung Ning Yung Ning Yung P'ing Yung P'ing Yung P'ing Yung Shi Yung Show Yung T'ai Yung T'ai Yung Ting Yung Yuan Yung Yiian ^ ^ ^ 7C A.D. 258—268. A.D. 304. A.D. 528. A.D. 120. A.D. 301. A.D. 58-75. A.D. 291. A.D. 508-511. B.C. 16-18. A.D. 155-157. A.D. 498. A.D. 765. A.D. 557—559. A.D. 89—104. A.D. 499—500. ALPHABETICAL LIST OP THE MIKADOS AND SHOGUNS OP AS ALSO AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE YEAR-TITLES OR NEN-GO ADOPTED DURING THBTB BEIGN BY a. SCHLEQEL. Chronological lists of the sovereigns of Japan have been published by several authors, as by Kaempfer, De Gruignes, in his «Histoire generale des Huns», Von Siebold in his «Nippon Archiv>, the Marquis d'Hervey de St. Denys in his «Ethnographie des peuples etrangers a la Chine* published in the « Atsume Gusas , in Mr. Reed's «Japan», and lately in the valuable «Manuel d'Histoire, de Genea- logie et de Chronologie de tous les ^tats du Globe» (Vol. 1, p. 217—227) published by Mr. A. M. H. J. Stokvis. Unfortunately, in most of these lists, the Chinese characters represented by the transcription are omit- ted, and as no standard alphabet has been as yet adopted, each writer JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENGO. 35 transcribed them according to his own familiar alphabet, so that the most ludicrous confusion reigns in these names, which are in some cases quite unrecognizable. To give a single example from the lists of Von Siebold and Reed. These authors write the following Nengo in this fashion, not being even themselves constant in their transcription: Nengo ^ WL Tel-kwan ^ ^ Syo-hei ^ ^ Syo-reki ^ ^ Syo-wa ^ M -S^/o-tokti ^ B -Syo-wo ^ 7C Syo gen ^ % St/o-Mu 3A: */p Dai di % yj^ Ten di */p ^ ^« '■el^I ^ ^ Kwan wa IE -/l^ Syau-di Wt ^ 'K.ar-him Von Siebold Dsjo-kwan Seo-iei 2}"o-reki ^eo-wa ^lo-tok SjS-wo Zjo-gen Zjo kiu Dai-dsi Ten dsi Dsi reki Kwan-Awa Sjo dsi Ft Reed Jb-kwan Shio hei J^o-riyaku Jo-wa Sho-\aka Sho-wo Sho-gen J'o-kiu Dai ji Ten ji Chi riyaku Kwan-ioa Sho-_;i ^ib-kitsu 'Ka.-rok So that Von Siebold has seven different ways of transcribing the Chin. ch. ^ viz.: Seo, Tjo, Zeo, Zio, Sjo, Zjo and Zjo and Reed three, viz.; Jo, Shio and Sho. How is an author on history, neither knowing Japanese norChinese, to find his way in such a Babel? It is true, and Von Siebold warns against it in a note to his Nengo, that the pronunciation of the Chinese characters differs very much in the different provinces of Japan, but this was a reason the more for later authors, never to publish such a list without adding the Chinese characters. Von Siebold could not do it, as there 36 G. SCHLBGEL. was in his time no font of Chinese characters in the Netherlands, but still he has given a lithographed table of Japanese history and chronology which enables the student to correct the mistakes in his transcription. But the other authors did the same, so that a new and correct list is no superfluity; especially as the lists published hither- to present the greatest divergencies and some bewildering errors which, repeated by historical writers, not knowing the Chinese or Japanese language, are thus for ever propagated. For example the period A. D. 1441 — 1443 was dubbed Ka-kitw {^"a) ^Fortunate luck*. It is named as such on page 99 of Von Siebold's lists of Nengo ; but on page 73 of the same work, the year 1441 is called Ka-rok, which would be ^ ^, the designation of the period 1225—1226. The Shogun lye-mitu (1623—1649) is called in Chinese 3^ %% ^ Ta yew kung. Both the Japanese tables used by Von Siebold and the lately published Japanese synchronistic tables have distinctly, in several entries , the ch. ^^ yew. Von Siebold, however, seems to have mistaken this character for that of ^^J, a vulgar form of the ch. Igjj Men, which is pronounced ken in Japanese, and he, consequently, calls this Shogun «Dai-^en kun» instead of «Dai-yM k6», which error has, of course, been since repeated over and over again '). Von Siebold calls the 1^* Mikado of the northern dynasty Kwang- y^n (5t> J^) *K^G gon». The work «Le Japon a 1' exposition uni- verselle de 1878», compiled by the Sfiushi kuwan or «Direction des travaux historiques» , writes this name Kuwoogon. Of course it is «Kwo gem as Mr. Reed rightly transcribes. Von Siebold equally transcribes the ch. J^ by gen in J^ ^ ^ Gen iu kun (1. c. p. 84 & fol. 28). 1) We note besides that ddi-ken would signify nothing, whilst dm-iu means "the great plan or doctrine of ordering the universe,,. We read in the Chow-kwan:^^ =^ -Jr" Wjt »We ought to follow the former great doctrines., or, as the commentary says: «We ought to observe the great doctrines of antiquity. ( 'o* JlK dt -Jr* 5^* ). JAPANESE EMPIKOKS AND NENGO. 37 Mura-hami I (A. D. 947-967) is called in Chinese ;J5lj* _h. Ts'un shang), as well in the Q "^ ^ |^ ^ ^ used by Von Siebold (twice), as in the Jap. synchronistic tables ^ ^ ^ ^ (thrice), which I have used. By a very common mistake, De Guignes has interchanged this character with that of ^ fung and, con- sequently, names this prince Fung tchang, probably induced in error by Ma Twan-lin who, equally, writes ^ J^ •). The beforementioned ^ ^ ^ ^ {Sin sen nen hyau) , newest edition of the Synchronistic tables of the History of Japan, China and the West, compiled hj Ho-koM Mitukuri (^ :^ ^ >f^ ), first published in 1855, and reprinted in 1872, carries us to the year 1871 till the peace concluded between Prance and Prussia. This work , a master- piece of xylographic art, I have found very accurate, and I have not hesitated to follow it almost implicitly. It presents, here and there, discrepancies with the lists hitherto published, and we, there- fore, think it useful to note them here, so that the possessors of the works in which these lists occur in chronological order may correct them. The lists of the Emperors or Mikados is in general correct with the exception of a few dates. So, according to the Japanese tables, the second Mikado, Sui- sei ^^1 did not come to the throne in B. C. 584, as the fore- mentioned authors say, but only in B. C. 581. It is true, Zin-mu, his predecessor, died in B. C. 585, 127 years old; but he had pre- viously, in B. C. 619, taken his son Zin-tet, named Nmia-gawa Mimi-no mikoto, as his coadjutor ( jjl M ^ "T* fS V^ ^ i'l ^^)- This prince murdered, in B. C. 582, his elder brother Shau-yen url ming (Tagisi-mimi-no mikoto) and proclaimed himself emperor of Japan (MiC^^^it^W^^rflli:)- 1) Ma Twan-lin is wrong, for in Japanese Mura means a village = Chin. ;J>ij*, and Kami (= J" ) means Saperior, Ruler. 38 B. SCHLEGBL. Ten-di {%^) did not come to the throne till A. D. 568, although he administrated the empire since 562, which date is given by our predecessors as that of his accession to the throne. We find under the date A.D. 562 the remark: ^^^ ^ 'j^ }L^ W^ ^ 5 S ^ ^"^^^ prince imperial Naka-no Diyd administrates in simple dress the affairs of the army and the state* , and only in 568 his accession to the throne. After Mura-hami II, in A.D. 1369, Von Siebold and Stokvis mention a Mikado called Hiro-rtari or -^ ^ Tyau-kei , who should have reigned from 1869 to 1373. The Jap. synchr. tables do not mention this emperor; but place in the year 1368 the accession to the throne of Kame-yama II, who reigned till 1392 and was suc- ceeded by Ko-matu II ( ^ >J> ^ ), who reigned from 1393 to 1412. Von Siebold and Stokvis have instead: Kame-yama II, \Z1^ — 1412. Higasi-yama (A. D. 1687—1709), called in Chinese ^ \\\ Tung- slian (To-san), is called by Deguignes Kin-cham {■^ j I { ?). In the lists of the Shoguns, we'll find stiU more discrepancies, especially in the dates. De Guignes felt this already, and remarked in a note that the dates of Kaempfer did not always appear reliable to him. We will see that such is the case. On fol. 4 of the Jap. Synchr. tables is found a genealogy of the Shoguns of Japan, in which after Ching-liang (J^ '^) or Nari-yosi, inmediately follows I-mwan (^'j^) or Yosi-mim, who assumed the Shogunship in the first year of the period Wau-an ( ]|§ ^ ) corresponding to the year A.D. 1368, which date is in accordance with the previous lists. Taka-udi (1334-1358) and Yosi-nori^) (1359 — 1367) are not mentioned by our Japanese author as Shoguns, though they are so in the Nippon reU-dai nen-ketu "^ 1^ ^ 4p ^ . In the Chinese text published by Von Siebold , Taka-udi is called y|^ ^ _^ Yuan-tsun-sM, and Yosi-nori ^ g^ I-tsiuan. 1) DegQJgnes calls him Tosi-t/aki. JAPANESE EMPEROKS AND NENGO. 39 Tosi-nari {Yosi-masa) (^ j^ -? ching) became Shogun in 1449 (^i^^^'^^aM'W) ^^^ resigned on account of his age in 1473 (^B^^^JE^). Yosi-mitu II ( ^ '^ ) became Shogun in A.D. 1494 ( ^ >^ II i§ H ^ 'fi ^ 5). and not in 1493, and died on the 14*'i of the S*'^ month of the 8*^ year of the period Yei-syau (^ IE A # A >9 + P9 ^) ^-D. 1511. He was Shogun tUl the year 1507 and not 1508 as Stokvis has. Yosi-naru reigned till 1545, not 1546 as Mr. Stokvis says. The usurpator Yosi-naga (^ -^ I chang) is said by Mr. Stokvis to have reigned from 1565 -- 1568. He is neither mentioned by Von Siebold nor in the Jap. synchr. tables. Besides, Von Siebold, after the Jap. chronol. tables, says that Yosi-naga was already murdered in 1561 by Hisa-hide (Nippon Archiv, Vol. IV, Part HI, p. 78 and fol. 22: ^^M^^) and the 0f ^ =^ ^. entry of 1561. But, on the other hand, it mentions the Shogun I-ying {Yosi susa), grandson of I-ching (Yosi sumi) and eldest son of I-wei, who assumed the Shogunship in the ll*'^ year of the period Ye'i^rokU (1568) and died in the 9*11 month of that year (^ ^ ^ '^ Vide: ^^^^^ ^ ^ "tH: ^ )• He was sacceded by I-chao ( ^ ^ ) or Yosi-aki. I-ying is not mentioned by either Von Siebold or Stokvis. Ta:ira Nobu-naga (^ 'j^ :^) became Shogun in 1574, and not in 1573 as Mr. Stokvis says. He was murdered in 1582 by Aketi Mim-hide together vdth Nobu-iada {^J^^^^M-^^^ j^ , Nippon Archiv, 1. c. fol. 22). He is not mentioned as Shogun, nor even as usurpator, in these tables; neither is San-bau-si .(zzi ^ gjp). It is true, the latter was named by Hide-yosi as his suc- cessor in 1582 (i^^^^JJLH^0fB. Nippon Archiv, 40 G. SCHLBGEL. 1. c. p. 80 and fol. 22), but he never reigned as Shogun. Nohu-naga was succeeded in 1586 by Fung-shin-siu-kieh (^ gi ^ pi ) °^ Idi-hau sama; he reigned till 1590, and was succeeded in 1591 by Siu-tsz'e (^^) or Hide-tugu (1591—1595). Stokvis niakes Tdi-hau sama reign from 1587 — 1598. Dai-ken-ko {^ ^ ■^), called in the Japanese lists Ddi^yu-ko (A^^)' 'deigned from 1623 to 1649, and not 1651 as Mr. Stokvis says. It is true, he died in 1651, but he was already replaced by the Shogun lye Tuna ko (^^ ^) ^^ 1650. lye TUgu k6 {"^ ^ ^) reigned from 1713—1716, and not 1715 as Mr. Stokvis says. He was succeeded in the same year by Tosi-mune. lye-sige ko ( '|>^ ^ ^ ) is said by Mr. Stokvis to have been Shogun from 1745—1760. According to the Jap. synchr. tables, he reigned from 1745 — 1762, and died in the same year when Jye-Aarw ^d ( '^ 1|^ ^) threw himself up as Shogun, nl. in the 12*^ year of the period Hau-reki (^ ^)) which corresponds to the year A.D. 1762. Mr. Stokvis equally places the beginning of the reign of this Shogun in 1760. lye-nari ko ['^ ^ ^) vras Shogun from 1787 — 1887, not 1836 as Mr. Stokvis has. His successor lye-yosi ko {^M, ^ ^ ) reigned from 1838-1853 (Mr. Stokvis has 1837-1852). lye-sada k6{^^ ^) was Shogun from 1853—1858 (Mr. Stokvis has 1853 — 1857). The last Shogun, Yosi-hisa, became it in 1866 and resigned in 1867. Mr. Stokvis says 1867 and 1868; but the Japanese tables place these dates in the 2"^ and 3"^ year of the period Kei-wau (J^ i®)' which correspond to the years 1866 and 1867. Under the latter date, the tables bear the notice ^ W ^ 1|^ .^ jR^ ^~^ ^'^tL ^%^'^, »The Shogun resignes his office, the royal reign is restored as before. Yedo is changed to Tokio". According to Mr. Reed's » Japan" the resignation was offered the 19 Nov. 1867, but it was only accepted the 3* January of the year 1868 (op. cit. p. 276), but the S^ Jan. 1868 corresponded to the JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENGO. 41 10*'^ of the 12*^ Japanese month, and was thus reckoned by the compiler of the Synchronistic tables to belong still to the year 1867. We have noticed also the following errors in the list ofNengo published by Mr. Stokvis. The period Ken-tohu ( ^ ^ ) began with the year A. D. 1370 and not 1371 as in Mr. Stokvis's list. The year A. D. 1441 was called Ka-kitu {^ '^) and not Ka-roku {^ jj^) as Mr. Stokvis, after Von Siebold, says. For the year 1848 we find in the list of Mr. Stokvis Ko-yei instead of Ka-yei (^ ^) and the designation of the period 1860 is Man-yen (^^) and not Man-yei as in the list of Mr. Stokvis. It is therefore no superfluity if these lists are again , aad now correctly, reprinted. The lists given by Von Siebold only carry us to the year A.D. 1822, and the «Nippon Archiv» in which they have been published, is now quite out of print, costs a large sum of money, and besides, is of an unwieldy folio size, most unhandy to consult. We have followed in our alphabetical lists the Chinese pronun- ciation of the characters , and not the Japanese one, as Von Siebold did: firstly because, as Von Siebold himself remarks, the dialectical pronunciation varies immensely *), and secondly because the year- names are always cited, even in Japanese works, in the Chinese character, the mandarin pronunciation of which is known by every Sinologue. The spelling of the Japanese words is according to the system adopted at the first Congress of Orientalists held in Paris in 1873, and Prof. Leon de Rosny had the kindness to correct the proofsheets to this effect. 1) Da die Jahinamen dnrchgangig Schinesische Worter sind, die in Japan, je nBch dem einen oder anderen vorherrsohenden Dialect , nicht von Allen gleich ausgesproohen wer- den, so kommt in das alphatetische Verzeichniss derselben, wo bios auf ihre Aussprache Eiicksioht genommen werden soil, manches Sehwankende , was bei der Schreibnng mittels del BcMnesischen Cbaiaktere nicbt statt bat. CHEONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE MIKAD08 AND SHOGUNS J- .A. :p A. 3sr. I. The Mikados. KamYamato Iva-are hiko {Zin-muTen-wo) ( )[i^ '^ Kami-nuna-gava-mimi no-mikoto Siki-tu-hiko Tama-de-mi-no-mikoto Oho-yamato-hiko yuki-tomo-no-mikoto Mi-matu-hiko Kae-sine-no-mikoto Oho-Yamato Tarasi-hiko Kuni-osi-hito-no-mikotoi Oho-Yamato Neko hito Futo-ni-no-mikoto Oho-Yamato Nekohito Kuni Kuruno-mikoto Waka-Yamato Neko-hiko Futo-hibino-mikoto Mi-maki Iri-hiko Ini-yeno-mikoto Iku-me Iri-hiko Isati-no mikoto Oho-tarasi-hiko O-sirowake-no-mikoto Waka-tarasi-hiko Tarasi-naka-tsu-hiko Iki-naga-taraBi-bime-no-mikoto[Empre88] ( jj^ ^ mm BC. 660-585 581-549 548-511 510-477 475-393 392-291 290-215 214-158 157-98 97-30 29-70A.D. A.D. 71 -130 1) 131-190 192-200 201-269=') 1) According to Chinese historians A.D. 71—107; succeeded by Siteai-sAing ( |^|j| -ff' ) A.D. 107—130. 2) According to Chin, historians, we find this princess named ^ 2^ p^ Fimiia = Himi-miko i. o. princess. She is said to have reigned from A.D. 201 — 246 , and was succeeded by the princess T-yu ( *g* H3 ) 246 — 269. JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENGO. 43 Hondano-miko (iS^) 270-310 Oho-sasagi-no-mikoto (t^) 313—399 Isavo-wako-no-mikoto (JH 'ft}') 400—405 Mitu-va-wako-no-mikoto (^ Tp ) 406—411 Wo-atsuma-no-wakako-no-sukune (yfc^) 412— 453 n Ana-fo-no-mikoto ( ^ J^ ) 454-456 Oho-hasuse-no-mikoto (W^M:) 457—479*) Siraga-take-hiro-kuniOsi-waka-yamato-neko-no- mikoto ('^ ^) 480-484 Ohoke-no-mikoto (M^) 485-487 Oho-asi-azana Simano-iratuko {-tzl W) 488—498 Wo-hasse Waka-sasagi (lit ^i|) 499—506^) Wo-ofu-atono-mikoto (Hiko-fudono-mikoto) (|g f|) 507— 531 Interregnum from 531 — 534. Hiro-kuni Osi-take Kana-hi-no-mikoto (^ p^) 534—535 Take- wo Hiro-kuni Osi-tate-no-mikoto (Mi "ft) 536—539") Amekuni Osi-hiraki-hiro-niTa-no-mikoto (0^^) 540—571 Nuna-kura-fudo Tama-siki-no-mikoto (^ M) 572 — 585 Tatibana-no Toyo-hino-mikoto (^ ^) 586 — 587 Hatsusebe-no-mikoto (^1^) 588-592 Toyo-mike-kafligirya-himeno-mikoto [Empress] (|^ -jjf ) 593 — 628^) 3) According to Chin, historians, this emperor, also called Tsan (^B), reigned from 412—130 and was succeeded by his younger brother CMn ( J^ ) 430—444, and Tsi ( ^S ) 444—453, named General pacifier of the East , sovereign of Japan ( ^^ ^^ !^ ® 4) This emperor died in 453 , and was succeeded by his son Bing ( ^w ) 457 — 477, who was again succeeded by his yonnger brother Wu ( J^*) 477 — 479. The Japanese tables place from 4B7 — 479 the reign of Miutiff-lioh, and place 5) JTu-lieA from 499—506. 6) The Chin. Historians also call this Mikado T'ien-kmoh pai-k'ai kwang-ting t'ien 7) According to Chin, historians, we find instead of this princess the emperor Ngo-mei ( Ppf ^ ) surnamed Toliazepilcu ( ^ ^ij ^ J^ JSI ) with the title Ngo-pei Ki-mi 44 0. SCHIiBGEL. A.D. Oki-naga-tarasi Hi-hiro-nuka-no-mikoto mm ) 629- -641 Ame-toyo-takara Mige-hi-Tarasi-hime [Empress] ( ^ ^ ) 642- -644 Ame-yorodu-toyohino-mikoto i^m ) 645- -654 Ame-toyo-takara Mige-hi-Tarasi-hime [same as ^@] (^^ ) 655- -661 Ame-mikoto hiraki-wake-no-mikoto i^^ ) 662- -671 Ama-nu-naka-vara Okino-ma hito (^^ ) 672- -686 Takama-no-vara-hiro-no-hime (Empress) mm ) 687- -.696 Amano mo-mune-toyo (^^ ) 697- -707 Yamatb-neko Amatu-mi-siro Toyo-kuni-nari-hime [Empress] (yj^ H^ 1 708- -714 Yamato-nekoTaka-mitu-kio-tarasi-hime[EmpreBs](T^ "ip ' 1 715- -723 Ame-sirusi kuni- osi-hiraki-toyo-sakura-hiko (m-^. ) 724- -748 Takano-hime; Abeno Nai-sin-wau [Empress] (#e ) 749- -758 Oho-ino Ohokimi or Ohoi-no mikoto (i^m 759- -764 Takano hime Abeno Na'i-sin-wau [Empress] mm) 765- -769 Sira-kabeno Ohokimi (Tfei^i 770- -781 Yamatoneko Suberagi Takarateru-no mikoto m^) 782- -805 Yamato-neko Amafiraki-kuni-taka-hiko (¥M) 806- -809 Kami-no Sin-wau — Saga I mm) 810- -823 Ohodomo-no-Sin-wau — Zywn-tva im^) 824- -833 Masa-yosi — Nin-myau (i^Bj) 834- -850 Miti-yasu Sin-wau — Mun-tokU (^H) 851- -858 Kore-hito — Sei-wa (M^) 859- -876 Sada-aki — Yo-zd (^^) 877- -884 Toki-yasii — Kwo-ko (3fe#) 885- -887 Sada-yosi — Uda I (^^) 888- -897 Atu-hito — I>ai-go (mm) 898- -930 ( |w) ^ ^ 5||) or ..Prince JUgo-p^", who is said to have reigned from 593—607, and who was sacoeeded by Yu-sAi-ismg (M -jg; •^), who reigned from 608—628. Hiro-akira Nari-akira Norihira - Mori-hira Moro-sada Kane-hito Sue-sada - Atii-nari - Atu-yosi - Tika-hito ■ Taka-hito • Sada-hito - Yosi-hito - Mune-hito Aki-hito - Tosi-hito - Masa-hito - Mori-hito - Tosi-hito - Nori-Mto - Koto-hito - Taka-nari - Tame-hito Mori-nari - Moti-hito - Hide-hito - Kuni-hito - Hisa-hito - Tiine-hito - To-hito — Hiro-hito - JiPANESE EMPERORS M. I AND NENGO. 45 A.D. (^^') 931-946 (#±) 947-967 — Bei-zen I — Yen-yu I — Kwa san — Iti deS I — San deo — Go Iti deo — Go SnjVrzyahii — Go Rei-zen — Go San-deo — Sira-lcawa — Hori-kawa — To-ba — Syu toku — Kin-ye — Go Sira-kawa — Ni-deo — ILoku deo — Taka-kura — An-tokU — Go To-la Syun-toku Go Bori- Si-deo Go Saga Go Fuka- (mm Go Uda (• (^ 968-969 970-984 985-986 987—1011 1012-1016 1017-1036 1037-1045 1046-1068 1069-1072 1073-1086 1087—1107 1108-1123 1124-1141 1142-1155 1156-1158 1159-1165 1166-1168 1169-1180 1181-1183 1184-1198 1199-1210 1211-1221 1222-1232 1233—1242 1243-1246 1247-1259 1260-1274 1275-1287 1288-1298 46 Tane-hito — Go Fusimi Kuni-baru — Go Ni-deo Tomi-hito — Sana zono 1 Taka-haru — Go Bai-go Kasu-hito — 6. SCHLEGEL. Taka haro — Go Dm-go (resumed the throne) Tosi-naga — Go Mura-Jeami (^ ;J5lj* _|^ Hiro-nari — Tyau Kei Hiro-nari — Go Kame-yama { -^ ^ [Jj according to others from Moto-hito — Go KomatU (^ -^h ^ was the last Mikado of the Northern Dynasty from Mi-hito — Syd-hwau Hiko-hito — Go Hana-sono Nari-hito — Go Tuti mikado ( Katii-hito — Go Kasiva-bara Tomo-hito — Go Nara Kata-hito — OhoU Mali Maaa-hito — Go Vau-zei Masa-hito — Go Midu-no-wo Kyo-si ^— Meirsyuu [Empress] Ttiga-hito — Go Kwau-me'i Tosi-hito — Go Sm Wori-hito — Bd-gen Asa-hito — Higasi-yama (To-san) Yosi-hito — Naiano mikado Aki-hito — Sakura-mati I — Momo-zono I Ti-si — Go Sakura-mati [Empress] (^ Hana-hito — Go Momo-zono (ig Kane-hito — (# ^fS SI (BJiE (#3feBJ (If HT (^n A.D. 1299-1301 1302—1307 1308-1318 1819—1331 1332-1334 1334-1338 1339-1368 1369-1373 1368-1392 1374—1428 1393-1412 1383—1392 1413-1428 1429-1464 1465-1500 1501-1526 1527—1557 1558-1586 1587—1611 1612-1629 1630—1643 1644-1654 1655-1662 1663-1686 1687-1709 1710-1735 1736-1746 1747—1762 1763-1770 1771-1779 1780-1816 JAPANESE EMPBBOBS AND NENQO. 47 A.D. Mune-hito — Nin-km {^^) 1817—1846 Nori-hito — Kwau-mei (-J^ 1^ ) 1847—1866 Mutii-hito — Kon-zau Kwau-tei (-^ _h j^ ^) 1867— II. The Mikados of the Northern Dynasty. In A.D. 1331 , Dai-go II was dethroned by Kwo-gen, I, and though the former was reestablished in 1334, the successors of Kwo-gen continued to reign in Miyako, so that there were, from 1334 to 1392, two emperors reigning simultaneously, the one in the South and the other in the North; those were: Kasu-hito — Kwau-gen Tei (5fe j^^) 1332—1835 Toyo-hito — Kwau-md lei {% B| 1^) 1336—1348 Oki-hito — Syu-kwau or Zo-kwo Tei (^ 3fe ^) 1349—1351 lya-hito — Go Kwau-gen Tei (# 3fe J^ ^) 1352-1371 Wo-hito - Go Yen-yu Tei (#8114^) 1372-1382 Moto-hito — Go Ko-mam Tei (#>J^#'^) 1383-1392 The last prince became Mikado, of whole Japan in 1393 and reigned till 1412. III. The Shognns of Japan. In A.D. 1185 the great officers of Japan had organised a formid- able revolt. The Mikado Go Toba put on foot a large army, in order to suppress this revolt, the commandment of which he en- trusted to one of the princes of the blood: Tori-tomo, with the title of Syaugun or Generalissimo. This Yori-tomo reduced the Mikados to mere puppets, only retaining their spiritual power, so that these last are called by Chinese historians Wen-wang (^ I) or Civil kings, whilst they call the Syauguns JFu-wangC^ ^) or Military kings. 48 G. SCHLEGEL. This state of things lasted till 1867. when the Shogua losi-hiaa abdicated in behoof of the Mikado, who thus became again sole Emperor of Japan. The Shoguns. Dynasty Minamoto. Yori-tomo (^ Yori-iye ( f | |g) 1186-1201 it) 1202 Sane-tomo (^|9) 1203-1219 Yori-tsune (^§ Dynasty Fndsiroara. '.) 1220-1243 I Yori-tsugu') ( j Dynasty of Zin-mu Ten-wo. Si) 1244-1251 Mune-taka {-^ —1265 Kore-yasu Cj^ Hisa-akira ( ^ 3: ) 1252 j^) 1266-1289 ^) 1289-1307 Mori-kuni (^^) 1308-1333 Mori-yosi (^ ^ —1335 Nari-yosi ( , —1338 i) 1333 i) 13B4 Taka-udi (7]^ Yosi nori I (^ Yosl-mitu I (^ Yosi-motsi (p Dynasty Asikaga. ^ ^)1334-1357 . ^) 1358-1367 1^)1368—1393 ^:|^) 1394-1422 Yosi-katsu I (^ m ) 1423-1425 Yoai-motsu reestablished 1485 — 1428 Yo8i-nobu2) {^WO 1428—1440 1) Hoffmann places the aooesaion to the dynasty of Shogun of Tori-tsuga in A.D. 1224, but this is a mistake. The Chinese text he uses has no entry in the year 1224, but places in the year 1244 the accession of Tori-tsuga ( ^S ^H ^n| ), 2) Since 1429, Tosi-nori II. JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENGO. 49 Yosi-kaiu II ( i Tosi-nari ') ( | Yosi-nao ^) ( i Yosi-mura ( i j 11)1441-1443 J^) 1449-1471 ]^) 1473 -1489 11)1490-1493 Yosi-mitii IP) (^'^) 1494- 15U7 Yosi-mura*) (reestablished) 1508 — 1521 Yosi-naru (^ Hf|) 1521-1545 Yosi-fusa (^)^) 1546-1565 Matii-naga (usurpator) ( JJ^ -^^ ) 1565-1568 Yosi-susa ( ^ ^ ) 1568 (9moiiths) Yosi-aki (iflg) 1568-1573 Dynasty lairano. )1574 ^) San-bau-si (H^Bflj) 1582 1586 TairaNobu-naga(^ -j^ —1582 Aketi Mitu-hide (usurpator) ( ^ Dynasty Toiotomi. Hide-yosi or Tai-kau-sama {Toyo Tomi Hide-yosi Toyo-hun ^ Hide-tugu (^ Hide-yori (^ Dynasty Tohugawa. Mina-moto-no lye-yasti k6 ( 'JJ^, ^ J^ ^ Posthume title ^ H^ i^ ) 1603-1605 Hide-tadak6(^ ffl ^ Posthume title ^ ^. <^) 1605-1622 lye-mitii k6 ( ^ 3fe ^ ^ » A f^ ^ ) 1623-1649 Iye.t1inak6(^||^ r> » jl /^ .g^) 1650-1680 S g ^ ^ or H) 1586-1590 ^) 1591-1595 ID 1600-1615 1) Since 1453 called Tosi-masa. 3) Since 1502 called losi-zumi. 2) Since 1488 called Tod-Uro. 4) Since 1513 called Tosi-tada. 50 G. SCHLEGBL. Tuna-yosik6 lye-nobu k6 lye tiigu kd Yosi-mune k6 lye-sige k6 lye-haru k6 tye-nari k6 lye-yosi k6 lye-sada ko lye-motsi k6 Yosi-hisa k6 ^ M.Sf Posthume title '^ ^ ^) 1681-1709 ^ ^MSt) 1709-1712 * ^^-^) 1713-1715 - ili<^) 1716-1745 * '|$1i<^) 1745-1762 » » # 59 ^) 1762-1786 » ^#<^) 1787-1837 * '^1i<^) 1838-1853 » WlW.-^) 1853-1858 * M^.^) 1858-1866 1866-1867 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE JAPANESE MIKADOS AND SHOOUNS. c. Oh'ang-hien kung {TUma-yosi or Zen-gen ho) ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1681-1709 S. ') Chang-k'^ing T'^ien-hwang {Tyau-Tcd Ten-wau) -^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1369-1373 Chao-tehKung(ro«-»owiye-iiKO^i^o)flg ^ ^ A.D. 1858-1866 S. Qi}i%Txmgl^\ea-]m^ng{Di-t6Ten-wau)1^ ^ ^ M -^-D. 687—696 Oh^ing-kwang T'ien-hwang {Sy6-kwau Ten-wau) ^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1413-1428 Ching-liang Ts^n-wang (Nari-yosi sm-wau) ^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1334-1338 S. Ching-t8''in-t''ing T'ien-hwang {Ogi-maii Ten-wau) jE 7^ WT ^ M A.D. 1558-1586 Ch'ing-t^h T'ien-hwang {Syo-toku Ten-wau) ^ f^ 5^ M A.D. 765-769 Q\i''mg-^viTi&n-}mmg (Sei-m%Ten-wau)^ ^ % M. ^-^^ 131-190 Chu-tsioh T'ien-hwang (^Syu-^yakU Ten-wau) ^ ^^ ^ A.D. 931-946 Ohun-ho T'ien-hwang (Zyun-wa Ten-wau) ^ ^ ^ M ^•^- 824-833 Oh'un-sliang T'ien-hwang {Mura-hami Ten-wau) 1^ h ^ A.D. 947-967 1) S. = Syaagun. 52 - G. SCHLBGBL. Ghung-ngaiTieu-hw&ng(Tiu-aiTen-teau)^1^ ^ ^ ^A.D.191-200 Ohung-yii-mun T'ien-hwang {Naha-mikado Ten-wau) Pp ^^ P^ ^ ^ A.D. 1710-1735 F. Fan-chingT'^Jeii-hwang(5«w-«^«M2'effl-«)o«)^ j£ ^ ^ A.D.406— 411 Fuh-kieiiT'ieii-hwang(i?'«smJrOT-wa«)'f/^ ^ ^ _^A.D.1288— 1298 Fung-shang T'^ien-wang ^ Jh ^ ^ erroneously for Oh'^un-shang #± Fung-shin Siu-kieh (Ride-yosi Toyo-tomi ^ |5^ ^ '^ or Taikau-sama) A.D. 1586—1590 S. Fung Siu-tsz'e {Hide-tUgu) ^ ^ A.D. 1591-1595 S. H. Hiao-chaoT'ien-hwang(Zaw-«ya«rew-waM)^flg 5^ ^B.C.475-393 Hiao-kien T'^ien-hwang {Kau-hen Ten-waw) ^^ ^ ^ ^ [Empress] A.D. 749—758 and 765-769 Hiao-lingT'ien-hwang(Zi8«-mTe«-waM)^ M ^ M ^•^- 290—215 Hiao-nganT'ien-hwang(Z'aM-a«2'ew-wa«)^ ^ 5^ M ^■^- 392-291 R\a.o-i^hTi&a.-\iiv&ng{Kau-toMTen-wau)^ ^ ^ ^k.D. 645—654 Hiao-yuanT'^ien-hwang(Zfl««-^e»T(?»-?*h ^ ^ M A.D. 1393-1412 HowShin-ts'aoT'ien-hwang(G'oi?'M>ifl-^«««reM-w»«) ^^1^^ % M. A.D. 1247-1259 How Shui-wi T!'\&a-hyisag{GoMid^iir^o-woTenr^au) ^ ^ M ^ M. A.D. 1612-1629 H.ow8irien-hwmg{GoSai-Ten^au)^ ® ^ M ^'^- 1655-1662 54 G. SCHLEGEL. How Te-hu T'ien-hwang (Go Bm-go Ten-wau) # @| SSj ^ M A.D. 1319-1331 and 1334-1338. B.oyiT''o-jnenl:''im-hvimgiGoMomo-zonoTen-waii) ^ ^E ^ ^ M. A.D. 1771-1779 How Ts'o-go T'ien-hwang {Go Saga Ten-wau) ^k^M^ M. A.D. 1243—1246 Ro-wTB\iD-shsi,ngT''ien-hyr&ii.g(Go Mura-kami Ten-wau) '^:^ h ^ M A.D. 1339-1368 B.owTu-ju-mnnTien-hw&ug(GoTu4iTen-wau)^ ih f^ P^ ^ M A.D. 1465-1500 How Urh-tiao T'ien-hwang {Go Ni-ded Ten-wau) ^ Zl ^ ^ M. A.D. 1302-1307 How Yang-ching T'^ien-hwang {Go Yau-zei Tenrwau) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1587-1611 How Yih-tiao T'ien-hwang (G'o Ji!«-^ A.D. 1494—1507 S. I-hwui {Yosi-fusa) [i!|]^ )^ A.D. 1546-1565 S. I-kiao {Yosi-nobu or Yosi-nori II) ^^ A.D. 1428—1440 S. I-liang {Yosi-katU /) ^ § A.D. 1423—1425 S. I-mwan (Yosi-miiu I) i^M^^M -^-D- 1368—1393 S. I-shang {Yosi-nao or Yosi-hiro) ^ |^ A.D. 1473 — 1489 S. I-shing {Yosi-Jeatn II) ^ ^ A.D. 1441—1443 S. I-teh T'ien-hwang {I-tokU Ten-wau) ^ ^ ^ ^ B.C. 510-477 I-tsing {Yosi-narti) ^ fl^ A.D. 1521-1545 S. I-tsiuan (Yosi Nori /) ^ g^ A.D. 1358-1367 S. I-ying (Josi-susa) ^ ^ A.D. 1568 (only reigned a few months and died in the Qth month. S. J. Jin-hiaoT^en-hwang(iV««-^aKre»-wfflM)'^ ^ ^ M -^-0.1817 — 1846 Jin-hienT'ien-hwang(iV?«-^eMTi?«-M;aM) fl^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 488— 498 Jin-mingT^ien-hwangCiV^w-MeiTew-waw) 't 59 ^ ^ A.D. 834- 850 im-ih]xTien-hMzng{Nm-tom Ten-wau)^ 1^ ^ M ^-^^ 313-399 K. K'ai-hwaTien-hwang (£■««»« Ten-wau) p| ^ ^ M ^■^- 157-98 Kang-kieh Kung (TUna-^osi) ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1681-1709 S. Kao-ts%ng T'^ien-hwang {Taka-kura Ten-wau) 'j^ lM ^ ^ A.D. 1169-1180 Kia-chi Kung (tye-kam) ^ f^ ^ A.D. 1762-1786 S. Kia-chung Kung {Ii/e-sige) ^ g ^ A.D. 1745-1762 S. Kia-kang Kung (lye-mna) ^ |^ ^ A.D. 1650-1680 S. Kia-Fing Kung {lye-yosi) ^ J^ ^ A.D. 1838—1853 S. Kia-kwang Kung {lye-mim) ^ ^t ^ ^■^- 1623-1649 S. 56 G. SCHLEGEL. Kia-maoKuTig {Tosi-nori tye-moisi) ^ ^ <^ A.D. 1858—1866 S. Kia-suan Kung {lye-mhv) ^^^ A.D. 1709-1712 8. Kia-Ting Kung (lye-sadd) ^% ^ A.D. 1853—1858 S. Kia-TB-^i Kung {lye-nari) ^"% St A.D. 1762-^1786 S. Kieh-tsung Kung {loai-mune) "^ ^ -^ A.D. 1713—1715 S. Ki-t'i T'ien-hwang {KeUai Ten-wau) |g -^ ^ M ^•^- 507—531 '^"m-mingTien-hw&ugiKin-meiTen-wau)^ 1^1 ^ ^ A.D.540— 571 Kin-wei T'ien-hwang (ffi«-^eTe»-w»«) ^ ^ ^ M A-D. 1142—1155 K'ing-hi EungiTosi-AiaaUd)^ M ^A.D. 1866—1867 last Shogun. King-ting T'ien-hwang (Kei-hauTen-wau) ^ ^ ^ M. ^■^- 71—130 Kiu-ming Ts'in-wang {Hisa-aMra) :A 15 ^ S A.D. 1289—1307 S. Kwang-hiao T'ien-hwang {Kwau-kau Tenwau) ^^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 885—887 Kwang-nin T'^ien-hwang [Kwau-nin Ten-wau) ^ '^ ^ ^ A.D. 770—781 Kwang-kih T'ien-hwang {Kwau-kakii Ten-wau) ^fe ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1780—1816 Kwang-mingTi(ZM)aM-M«ir«) ^ ^Jf^ ^ A.D. 1336—1348 (Mikado of north Japan). Kwang ming T'^ien-hwang {Kwau-mei Ten-wau) -^ 1^ ^ _^ A.D. 1847-1866 Kwang-yenTi(Zwa«-^eMrei) 3^ J^ ^ A.D. 1332-1335 (Mikado of north Japan). Kwei-shan T'ien-hwang {Kame-yama Ten-wau) ^ |Jj ^^ _^ A.D. 1260-1274 K'wuh-ho T'ien-hwang (Eori-lcawa Ten-wau) J^J^ |^ -^ M A.D. 1087—1107 Ling-tsiuenT''ien-hwang(5ei-2:e7jTe»-waM)}5^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 968—969 Ling-yuanT'ien-hwang(^ei>«re«-wa7<)^ -jf; ^ ^A.D.1663— 1686 JAPANESE EMPEKORS AND NEWGO. 57 IA-ch-angT''ien-hyrmg{Ri-tm Ten-wau) ^ '(4* J^ M ^•^- 400—405 huh-ti&QTien-h.wa.ag{Boka-dedTen-wau)^^ 5^ A.D.1166— 1168 M. 'M.m-t&}iTiea-hvisag{£i7i-damTen-wau) ^^^ ^ A.D. 572—585 Ming-ching T"^ien-hwang {Mei-syau Ten-wan) 5^ IE ^ ^ [Empress] A.D. 1630—1643 Mutu-hito, the present emperor A.D. 1867 — N. Ngan-hienT'=ien-hwang(^»-/SaMre»-waM)^ P^ ^ ^ A.D. 584— 535 Ngan-k'angT'ieii-liwang(.^»-Aa«re«-«oaM)^J^ ^ ^ A.D. 454- 456 Ngaii-nmgT'ien-liwang(^«-»eiTe«-«;aM) ^ !^ ^ M ^•^- 548—511 Ngan-tghT'=ieii-liwang(JM-h.u-mmgT\BnAiYi&ng{Zyu-meiTen-wau)^ ^ % ^ A.D. 629— 641 58 G. SCHLBGEt. Shun-t^hT'ien-hwang {Syun-toMTen-wau) HH ^ ^ M A.D. 1211—1221 Siu-chung Kung (Hide-iada) ^ J^ ^ A.D. 1605-1622 S. Siu-lai {Hide-yori) ^ || A.D. ] 600-1615 S. Su-dn-hvf&Tien-h.mQg{Sen-kwaTen^au)*^ ^ % ^A.D.536-539 Sui-jiaT'ien-hwang(ASM«-»mre«-wa«) ^t^^M. ^•^- 29— A.D. 70 Sui-t8ingT'^ien-hwang(&i-mreM-M'a«) Me ^ % M. B-^- 581—549 Sze-tiaorien-hwang(-Si-^eore«-«;a«) ^ i^ % M. ^•^- 1233-1242 T. Ta-yew Kung {fidi-yu-ho, lye-mitu) ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1623—1649 S. lliii-\kV^\mg{B.ide-tada,Bai-tolu-lc6) o 1^ ^ A.D. 1605— 1622 S. T'an-lu Fei-ti j^j^ |^ ^ ^ see T'ien-hwang Ta-ch'ui. T"^ang Lai-king (Yori-tmne) ^ || i^ A.D. 1220—1243 S. T'ang Lai-tsze {Tori-tsugu) ^ $| ^ A.D. 1244—1251 S. Te-hu T'ien-hwang {Daigo Ten-wau) H, SSl ^ M ^-O- 898—930 T'ien-chi T'ien-hwang {Ten-di Ten-wau) %^%M.^-^- 668—671 (administrated the empire since 662) T'ien-hwang Ta-ch'ui {OMi-no-mihoto) ^M.'f^W^ A.D. 759—764 (was degraded in 764 to Duke of T'an-lu j^J^ ^ ^ ) T°ien-wuT'ien-hwang(re«-»«Mre«-waM) ^ :^ ^ ^ A.D. 672—686 T'o-yuen T'ien-hwang (Momoi-zono Ten-wau) ^^ §[ 5^ ^ A.D. 1747—1762 Ts°i-mingT'ien-hwang(&?-Me5;re«-wa«) ^ ^ 5c S A.D. 655—661 T8''ing-hoT''ien-hwang(Se!i-wareM-wa«) '^ ^ ^ _^ A.D. 859 — 876 Ts'ing-ningT'ien-hwang(Se?-»a Ten-wau) *^ ^ 3^ ^ A.D. 480—484 Tsiun-ming Kung {lye-haru or Syun-mei K6) ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1762-1786 S. Ts'o-go T'^ien-hwang {Sa-ga Ten-wau) llj^ |l^ ^ ^ A.D. 810—823 Tsun-8hangT'ien-hwang(MKra-Aam2'e«-M;aa) >f»»j' _t ^ ^ A.D. 947—967 JAPANESE EMPBROES AND NENGO. 59 Ts'trng-kwangTi {Syu-kwau or Zo-kwo Tei)^ ^ ^ A.D. 1349—1351 (Mikado of north Japan). Ts'^ung-shin T'len-hwang {Syu-zin Ten-wau) ^ fl^ ^'C M ^•^- 97—30 Ts''ung-siiinT''ien-hwang(<%w-0^aM!Z'eM-«)oM)^ j^ ^ ^ A.D.588— 592 Ts^ung-tehT^ien-hwangCSyM-toMTew-waw)^ :j^ ^^A.D.1124— 1141 Tsung-tsun Ts'in-wang {Mune-iaka Sin-wau) ^ tt ^ 3^ A.D. 1252-1265 S. T'u-yu-mun T°ien-hwang {Tu-ti Mikado Ten-wau) i flP P^ ^ _^ A,D. 1199—1210 T°ui-ku T'^ien-hwang {Sm-ko Ten-wau or Toyora-miya) |^ "^ ^ ^ A.D. 593-628 (Empress). Tun-sin Kung {lye-sige or Ton-sin Kd) ^ ^ ^A.D. 1745— 1762 S. Tung-chao Kung (7ye-ya*w -^o) ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1603—1604 S. Txaig-BhanT'ien-hvfang (Hiyasi-yama 01 To-san, Ten-wau)'^ |Jj ^ A.D. 1687—1709 U. TJih-ti&oTien-hyfmg {Ni-deoTen-^au) Zl # ^ M.^-^- 1159—1165 W. Wan-kung Kung {lye-sada kS) ^% ^ A.D. 1853—1858 S. Wei K'ang-ts'in-wang (Kore-yasU Sin-wau) 'j^ J^ ^ ^ A.D. 1266—1289 S. Wen-chao Kung {lye-nobu or Bun-syau K6) ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1709—1712 S. Wen-kung Kung {lye-nariko) '^% St ^^- 1787—1837 S. Wen-tehT'ien-hwang(J?«M-^ ^ ^ A.D. 1716—1745 Yih-tiao T'ien-hwang {Iti-deo Ten^wau) — ^ % M. ^^- 987—1011 Ymg-a\xmT\eiii-\msxig{WavrzmTe7i-^au) ]§ f| ^ M ^^- 270—310 Ying-ting T^ien-hwang {Sakura-mati Ten-wau) ^ fflj* ^ ^ A.D. 1786—1746 Yii-to Tlen-hwang {UdaTen^au) ^ $^%M. ^-D- 888-897 Yiian-ching T'^ien-hwang (Gen-syau Ten-wau) y^ j£ ^ ^^ A.D 715—723 Yiian-kia-k'ang-kung {Iye-yas€) ||§ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1603—1605 S. YiianLai-chao {Mmamoto-no Yori-iomo)^^^ |^ ^A.D.. 1186— 1201 S. Yiian Lai-kia (Minamoto-noYori-iye) '^^ ^^ ^ A.D. 1202 S. Yua.u-miagT''ien-h.wa,ng{Gen-metTen-wm)ji^ ^ ^ 0A.D.7O8— 714 Yiian Shih-chao {Mmamoto-noSane-tomo)^^^ ^ || A.D.1203— 1219 S. Yiian-tsan-shi (Mmamoto-no Taka-ndi) "J^ ]^ ^ A.D. 1334—1357 S. Yiian-yungT'ien-hwang(re«-!/w2'e»-«offlM)lH ^ ^ M A.D. 970—984 Yun-kungT'ien-hwang(7«-%^yeM-M)a«) yfc :3^ ^ M A-D. 412—453 Yung-mingT'ien-hwang(7o-meVre«-«)aa)^ 1^ ^ ^ A.D. 586— 587 ALPHABETICAL LIST OP THE JAPANESE i\EX-GO. c. Chang chi Chang hang Chang ho Chang kia Chang k'wan Chang lih Chang luh Chang pao Chang shing Ch'ang t'ai Chang t&h Chang yiian Chi lih Chi ngan Chi shing Chi tSh Ching chang Tyau di Tyau kau Tyau wa Tyau ku Tyau kwan Tyau reM Tyau rokU Tyau hau Tyau syd Siyau tai Tyau tokU Tyau gen Di rekt Di an Di syd Di tokU Syau tyau .VA m .VA m 7^ U 7C ^ ^ jE A.D. 1104-1105 A.D. 1487—1488 AD. 1012—1016 A.D. 1040—1043 A.D. 1163—1164 A.D. 1037—1039 A.D. 1457—1459 A.D. 999-1003 A.D. 1132—1134 A.D. 898—900 A.D. 995—998 A.D. 1028-1036 A.D. 1065-1068 A.D. 1021-1023 A.D. 1177—1180 A.D. 1384—1386 northern dynasty A.D. 1428 ba G. SCHLEGEL. Ching ohi 1 Syau di Jt 7^ AD. 1199—1200 Ching chi Tei-di ^ 7^ A.D. 1362—1367 northern dynasty Ching chung Syau tiu ih ^ AD. 1324—1325 Ching hang Tei kau M ^ A.D. 1684-1687 Ching ho Syau wa TF ^ A.D, 1312—1316 Ching ho Tei wa A ^ A D. 1345—1349 northern dynasty Ching ying Tei wau M m AD. 1222—1223 Ching kia Syau ka jfc M A.D. 1257—1258 Ching k'ing Syau kei IE m A.D. 1332—1337 northern dynasty Ching kwan Tei kwan M m A.D. 859-876 Ching lih Syau rekz Ih A.D. 990—994 Ching ngan Syau an TF ^ A.D. 1299—1301 Ching pao Syau hau TF ^ A.D. 1644-1647 Ching p'ing Syau hei Jt ¥ A.D. 1346—1369 Ching tSh Syau tokU if A.D. 1711—1715 Ching ying Syau wau jE M A.D. 1288—1292 Ching ying Syd wau ^ M A.D. 1652—1654 Ching yiian Tei gen M 7C A.D. 976—977 Ching yiian Syau gen Jf 7C A.D. 1259 Ching yung Tei yei M m A.D. 1232 Chu niao Syu to ^ 1^ A.D. 686—694 Chu tsioh Syu zyakU H ^ m A.D. 672 Hang luh Kau roka ^ # A.D. 1528—1531 Hang t3h Kau tokU ^ 1^ A.D. 1452—1454 Hiang ho Kyo wa ^ m AD. 1801—1803 Hiang pao Kyo hau ^ ^ A.D. 1716—1735 JAPANESE EKPBROKS AND NENGO. 63 Hing kwoh Ho tnng Hwang chang Hwang chi Hwang ho Hwang hwa Hwang jin Hwang ngan Kyo koM Wa do Ko tyau Kd di Ko wa Ko kwa Ko nin Ko an ^ % % ^ % ^ ^ A.D. 1339—1345 AD. 708—714 A.D. 1261—1363 A.D. 1555—1557 A.D. 1381—1383 A.D. 1844-1847 A.D. 810—823 A.D. 1278—1287 Jin chi Nin di Jin ho Nin wa Jin ngan Nin an Jin p'ing Nin hei Jin show Nin syu K'ang chi Kau di K'ang ohing Kau syau K'ang ho Kau wa K'ang lih Kau rekt K'ang-ngan Kau an K'ang pao Kau hau K'ang P'ing Kau hei Kang ying Kau wau K'ang yiian Kau gen K'ang yung Kau yei Kia ching Ka tei Kia kieh Ka kitU 7^ IE ^ ^ 7C A.D. 1240—1242 A.D. 885—888 A.D. 1166—1168 A.D. 1151-1153 A.D. 851—853 A.D. 1142—1143 A.D. 14"J5— 1456 A.D. 1099—1103 A.D. 1379—1380 northern dynasty A.D. 1362—1367 A.D. 964—967 A.D. 1058—1064 A.D. 1389 northern dynasty A.D. 1256 A.D. 1342—1344 northern dynasty A.D. 1235—1237 A.D. 1441—1443 64 G. SCHLEGEL. Eia k'ing Kia. lih Kia luh Eia pao Kia siang Eia shing Eia ying Eia yiian Eia ynng Eien ohang Eien chi Eien jin Eien kiu Eien lih Eien pao Eien t6h Eien wu Eien yiian Eien yung E'ing ch'ang E'ing ngan E'ing ying E'ing yiin Eiu ugan Eiu show E'wan obi E'wan ching E'wan ching E'wan hi E'wan ho Ka kei Ka rekt Ka roka Ka hau Ka syau Ka syd Ka wau Ka gen Ka yeii Ken tyau Ken di Ken nin Ken kiu Ken reki Ken hau Ken tokU Ken mu Ken gen Ken yei Kei tyau Kei an Km, wau Kei un Kiu an Kiu syu Kvoan di Kwan Syau Kwan sei Kwan ki Kwan wa ^ A ^ 7C m jE A.D. 1387—1388 northern dynasty A.D. 1326-1328 A.D. 1225-1226 A.D. 1094—1095 A.D, 848—850 A.D. 1106—1107 A.D. 1169—1170 A.D. 1303—1305 A.D. 1848—1853 A.D. 1249—1255 A.D. 1275—1277 A.D. 1201—1203 A.D. 1190—1198 A.D. 1211—1212 A.D. 1213—1218 A.D. 1370 AD. 1334—1335 A.D. 1302 A.D. 1206 A.D. 1596—1614 A.D. 1648-1651 A.D. 1865—1867 A.D. 704—707 A.D. 1145—1150 A.D. 1154—1155 A.D. 1087—1093 A.D. 1460—1465 A.D. 1789—1800 A.D. 1229-1231 A.D. 985-986 JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENGO. 65 K'wan hwang Kwan kb % % A.D. 1004—1011 K'wan jin Kwan nin % tr A.D. 1017-1020 K'wan pao Kwan hau 'M ^ A.D. 1741-1743 K'wan p'ing Kwan he'i % ¥ A.D. 889-897 K'wan teh Kwan tokU .^ fffi A.D. 1044-1045 K'wan wen Kwan bun % ^ A.D. 1661-1672 K'wan yen Kwan yen m m A.D. 1748—1750 Kwan ying Kwan wau m m A.D. 1350-1351 northern dynasty K'wan yiian Kwan gen % It A.D. 1243—1246 K'wan yung Kwan ye'i % M A.D. 1624—1643 Lih jin Lih ying Ling kwei Ming chi Ming ho Ming lih Ming teh Ming ying Ngan ching Ngan ehing Ngan ho Ngan yiian Ngan yung L. Rekt nin Rekt wau Rei ki Met di Met wa Met reki Met tok& Met wau An te'i An set An wa An gen An ye'i M. m m m m m N. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ A.D. 1238 A.D. 1338—1341 northern dynasty A.D. 715—716 A.D. 1868 A.D. 1764—1771 A.D. 1655—1657 A.D. 1390—1392 northern dynasty A.D. 1492—1500 AD. 1227—1228 AD. 1854—1859 A.D. 968-969 A.D. 1175—1176 A.D. 1772—1780 6 DO G. SCH LESEL. P. Pao ohi Hau di ^•/^ AD, 1247—1248 Pao kwei Hau ki mm A.D. 770—780 Pao lih Hau reki mm AD. 1751—1763 Pao ngan Hau an ^^ A.D. 1120—1123 Pao teh Hau tokU mm AD. 1449—1451 Pao yen Hau yen ^m A.D. 1135-1140 Pao yuan Hau gen Utc A.D. 1156-1158 Pao yung Hau yet mm AD. 1704—1710 Pih ehi HakU di &m A.D. 650-671 Pih fung HakU hau em A.D. 673—685 P'ing chi Hei di S Zin-go Ke'i-un ^m A.D. 1159 Shin-hu King-yiin • A.D. 767-769 Shin kwei Zin ki mm A.D. 724—728 Shing ho Syd wa ^^ A.D. 834—847 Shing kiu Syd kiu ^^ A.D. 1219—1221 Shing lih Syd rekt ^m A.D. 1077—1080 Shing ngan Syd an ^^ A.D. 1171 -1174 Shing pao Syd hau ^^ A.D. 1074—1076 Shing p'ing Syd he'i ^¥ A.D. 931 937 Shing tSh Syd tokU ^M A.D. 1097—1098 Shing-ying Syd-wau ^m A.D. 1652—1654 Shing yuan Syd gen ^7C A.D, 1207—1210 Show yung Syu yet T Bai tyau mm A.D. 1182—1183 Ta ohang • A.D. 697—700 Ta ohi Dai di ±7^ A.D. 1126^1130 Ta hoa Iht kwa f:it A.D. 645—649 Ta hoa Dai kwa A^ffc A.D. 695—696 JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENGO. 67 Ta pao Dai hau ■k^ A.D. 701—703 Ta t'ung Dai to i^n A.D. 806-809 Ta yung Dai yet xm A.D. 4521—1527 TSh chi TokU di m7^ A.D. 4306—4307 T'ien chang Ten tyau %m A.D. 824—833 T'ien chi Ten di %1^ A.D. 4424—1125 T'ien cheng Ten syau ^jE A.D. 1573—4591 T'ien hi Ten ki %% A.D. 1053—1057 T'ien ho Ten wa %^ A.D. 1681—4683 T'ien jin Ten nin %^ A.D. 1108—4409 T'ien fuh Ten fukU ^ilii A.D. 4233 T'ien k'ing Ten kei %^ A.D, 938—946 T'ien lib Ten rem %m A.D. 947-956 T'ien luh Ten rokU %m A.D. 970—972 T'ien ming Ten mei %m A.D. 4784-1788 T'ien ngan Ten an %^ A.D. 857—858 T'ien pao Ten hau %^ A.D, 4830-1843 T'ien p'ing Ten hei ^¥ A.D. 729—748 T'ien-ping paotsze Ten-het Hau-zi ^^^^ A.D. 757—764 T"ien-ping shin-hu Ten-hei Zin-go ^¥i*# A.D. 765—766 T'ien-p'ing shing-pao Ten-heiSyau-hau %^mm A.D. 749-756 T'ien shing Ten syd %^ A.D. 1434 T'ien show Ten syu %m A.D. 4375-4380 T'ien t6h Ten tokU %m A.D. 957—960 T'ien wen Ten bun %^ A,D. 4532—4554 T'ien yang Ten yau %m A.D. 4444 T'ien yen Ten yen %m A.D. 973—975 T'ien ying Ten wau %m A.D. 784 T'iet yiiati Ten gen %7t A.D. 978—982 T'ien yung Ten yet ^m A.D. 1140—4112 Ts'i hang Se'i ko mm A.D. 854—856 68 O. BCHLEGEL. w. Wan chi Wan show- Wan yen Wen chung Wen chi Wen ching Wen ching Wen ho Wen hoa Wen kiu Wen kwei Wen lih Wen luh Wen ming Wen ngan Wen pao Wen ying Wen-yung Yang ho Tang lao Yen chang Yen hi Yen hang Yen k'ing Yen kiu Yen lih Yen pao Man di Man syu Man yen Bun tiu Bun di Bun syau Bun se'i Bun wa Bun kwa Bun kiu Bun ki Bun rekt Bun rokU Bun met Bun an Bun hau Bun wau Bun yez ■s Yau wa Yau lau or Yau rau Yen tyau Yen ki Yen kau Yen kei Yen kiu Yen-reki Yen hau IE it m m A.D. 1658—1660 A.D. 1024—1027 A.D. 1860 A.D. 1372—1374 A.D. 1185 A.D. 1466 A.D. 1818—1829 AD. 1352-1355 northern dynasty A.D. 1804—1817 A.D. 1861—1863 A.D. 1501—1503 A.D. 1234 A.D. 1592—1595 A.D. 1469—1486 A.D. 1444-1448 A.D 1317—1318 A.D. 1260 A.D. 1264^1274 A.D. 1181 A.D. 717—723 A,D. 923—930 A.D. 901—922 A.D. 1744—1747 A.D. 1308—1310 A.D. 1069—1073 A.D. 782—805 A.D. 1673-1680 JAPANESE EMPERORS AND NENGO. 69 Yen tSh Yen wen Yen ying Yen yiian Ying chang Ying jin Ying ho Ying-ho Ying ngan Yen tokU Yen bun Yen wau Yen gen Wau tyau Wau nin Wau wa Wau wa *) Wau an Ying pao Wau hau m Ying teh Wau toktt m Ying yung Wau yei M Yiian chi Gen di yii Yiian chu Gen tiu ji: Yiian hang Gen kau TC Yiian ho Gen wa 7C Yuan hwang Gen ko 7C Yiian jin Gen nin 7C Yiian k'ing Gen kei 7C Yiian kiu Gen kiu 7C Yiian kwei Gen-ki 7C Yiian lih Gen rem 7C Yiian luh Gen rokU 7C Yuan t6h Gen tokU 7C Yiian wen Gen bun 7C Yiian ying Gen wau 7C m ^ 7C ^ ^ A.D. 1489-1491 A.D. 1356—1360 northern dynasty A.D. 1239 A.D. 1336-1338 A D. 1311 A.D. 1467—1468 A.D. 961—963 A.D. 1361 northern dynasty AD. 1368—1374 northern dynasty A.D. 1161—1162 A.D. 1084—1086 AD. 1394-1427 A.D. 1864 A.D. 1384—1393 A.D. 1321-1323 A.D. 1615-1623 A.D. 1331—1333 A.D. 1224 A.D. 877—884 A.D. 1204—1205 A.D. 1570-1572 A.D. 1184 A.D. 1688—1703 A.D. 1329—1330 A.D. 1736—1740 A.D. 1319—1320 1) Stokvie gives KS an ^ ^f . 70 G. SCHLEGEL, JAPANESE EMPEROKS AKB NENGO. Yuan yung Gen yet 7€ m A.D. 1118—1119 Yung chang Yet tyau m m A.D. 1096 Yung ohi Yet di m y^ A.D, IIM Yung ching Yet syau m iF A.D. 1504—1520 Yung hang Ye'i kau xN ^ A.D. 1429—1440 Yung ho Yeii wa x^ m A.D. 1375-1378 northern dynasty Yung jin Ye'i nin w ir A.D. 1293—1298 Yung kin Ye'i kiu m ^ AD. 1113—1117 Yung kwan Ye'i kwan m m A.D. 983—984 Yung lih Ye'i reki m m A.D, 1160 Yung luh Yet rdkU ^ # A.D. 1558—1569 Yung pao Yet hau m « A.D. 1081—1083 Yung shing Ye'i syo M fc») A.D. 1046—1052 Yung teh Yet tokU ^ ^S A.D. 1381—1383 northern dynasty Yung tsu Yet so M m A.D. 989 Yung wan Yet man m n A.D. 1165 Yung yen Yet yen - ^ s'''*^ M M m m A.D. 987—988 1) The ff fl >^ En rente chez £. J. BRILL k Leide (HoUande). iS ^B T'oung pao Archives poar servir a I'Etude de I'Histoire, des iiangues, de la GeograpliiB et de I'BtlinograpMe de- I'Asie Orientale (Chine, Japon, Coree, Indo-Chine, Asie centrale et Malaisie). R6d.ig6ea par MM.. Gtjst. ScHLHeEL et H. CoKDiBa. Vol. I— IV L'ann^e / 12.—. Hofimann, J. J., Catalogue of Chinese matrices and printing- types founded in the Netherlands by command of his Majesty's minister for Colonial affairs. 1876, (With English and Dutch advertiseinent) 4° / 3. — . Lincl Jr., A.., A chapter of the Chinese Penal Code. 1887.- 8°. . . / 1.75. Sobiegel, &., Nederlandsoh-ohineesch. woordenboek met de .transcriptie der chi- neesche karakters in het Tsiang-Tsiu dialekt. Hoofdzakelljk ten oehoef e der , tolken voor de chineesche taal in Nederlandseh-lndie bewerkt. Uitgegeven met ondersteuning van het Ministerie van Eolonien. 1884 — ^^1889. 4 vol. gr. 8°.'/80. — . fi yft ^P -^ a ifE ^t ^^'^ ^^ kug ton tchen hoa koue'i. — Le vendeur d'huile qui seul possede la reine-de-beaut^ ou splendeurs et miseres des courti- sanes Chinoises. Roman Chinois. Trad, sur le texte original par G. Schlbgel. 1877. 8° : / 6.— . Vissering, W., On Chinese currency. Coin and paper money. 1877. Rr. &". cloth . / 9.—, Hofiixiaiiu, J. J; Japansche spraakker, uitgegeven op last van den Minister van kolonien. 1868. 8° - / 5.40. — Japanisohe Sprachlehre. 1877. gr. 8° / 11. — . Leimoand f 12. — . — A Japanese grammar. 2d edit. 1876. gr. 8°. cloth n 12. . — Japanische Studien. Erster Nachtrag zur Japanischen Sprachlehre. 1878. gr. 8°. • • • • /2.40, — Japansch-Nederlandsch woordenboek. Op last van den Minister van Eolo- nien bewerkt en uitgegeven door L. SBskuKiEB.. DeeL I: A-Aizara. 1881 gr. 80 /4.35. — HetzeHde werk. Deel II: 0-Oxusi. 1881. gr. 8° „ 1.75. — — — — III: 1892. (BL 25—37) gr. 8° „ 2.45. ■ — Japanese-English dictionary. By order of the Dutch Government elaborated and edited by L. Sbrbukieb.. 7o1. I: A-Aizara. 1881. gr. 8°. . . . / 4.35. — The same work. Vol. II: 0-Oxusi. 1881. gr. 8°. „ I.75, — — — IV: 1892. (Page 25—37). gr. 8° „ 2.45. — et H. Scliixltes, Noms indigenes d'un ohoix de plantes du Japan et de la Chine, determine d'apres les echantUlons de I'herbier des Pays-Bas a Leide. NouveUe Mition augments avec traduction HoUandaise. 1864. kl. 8°. / 4. . Sermrier, L., Een en ander over Japan. 1877. 8° // 1. . IS s ^ fi ill ^ g « :^ ^(kin^r: S' ^"'^is s^i) Encyclopddie japonaise. Le chapitre des quadrupldes avec la, premifere partie de celui des oiseaux. Traduction frangaise sur le texte original avec facsimile par L. SBasuRiBB. 1875. (1 Vol. texte. X. 60, 1 vol. oonten. 42 planches lithogr) 4° • /6.-. Study (The Grand), (Ta Hio or Dai Gaku) edited by J. J. Hoppmakn 2 parts. 1864.8°. / 3.50. I. The Chinese text with an interlineary Japanese version. II. Reading of the Japanese text in roman character. .fC^:.dl^^ ir^J -*- 4 =5'»-?? ;^^^ >-, :>^.'i.^v ■iv.: ^ 5^"vfc:;'m-A:^ ■<^.-' -^^, '^ '' ■■ **'^ *■ \ r .v-\ „ •■* * ■' '^ p^^^^