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SOME CHAPTERS 
 
 IN THE HISTORY OK THE 
 
 FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION 
 
 REGAINING AND PRESERVING PEACE WITH THE 
 INDIANS BY PACIFIC MEASURES. 
 
 E 78.P4P26"^" ^"""^"^ '-*"'^ 
 
 ^"'"^^IIHlflim '" "'^ history of the Frie 
 
 3 1924 028 655 409 
 
 BY SAMUEL PARRISH. 
 
 [UNIVERSITY! 
 UBRARY 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 FRIENDS' HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 
 
 OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 1877. 
 
SOME CHAPTERS 
 
 IN THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION 
 
 REGAINING AND PRESERVING PEACE WITH THE 
 INDIANS BY PACIFIC MEASURES. 
 
 BY SAMUEL PARRISH. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 FRIENDS' HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 
 
 OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 1877. 
 
/^CORNELiJ 
 
 universjtyI 
 
 \ LIBRARY 
 
 This Medal represents William Penn, or, as the Indians call him, "Brother Onas/ 
 at a council fire, offering the Calumet of Peace to an Indian chief and 
 pointing to the sun as characteristic both of the purity and 
 durahility of the friendship which the Friendly Asso- 
 ciation designed to promote. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 CEVERAL years since, a "minute-book of the "Friendly Asso- 
 ^ ciation," and some papers pertaining thereto, were presented 
 to me by a Friend — now deceased. From them, in large measure, 
 the within account has been compiled. I have, however, availed 
 myself of contemporaneous manuscripts, letters, &c. to elucidate 
 portions of the narrative, and my thanks are due to those friends 
 who have kindly furnished material to that end, or who in any way 
 have assisted in the prosecution of the work. 
 
 To George J. Scattergood of this city, I am indebted for the 
 loan of several papers from his valuable collection, and for infor- 
 mation as to dates, &c. not readily obtainable elsewhere. 
 
 That errors and omissions, will be detected by the critical reader, 
 notwithstanding the care taken to avoid them, is regarded as 
 certain, but that these will be looked upon charitably, is confidently 
 hoped. 
 
 The cut opposite, is believed to correspond in size and design, 
 with the medal, alluded to on page 60 of the pamphlet. 
 
 "Friends' Historical Association" issue this incomplete history, 
 that it may incite others to furnish data, if such there be, from 
 which to trace the workings of the " Friendly Association " through 
 the entire period of its useful existence. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 Note. — In the Appendix are several papers, which, although not alluded to 
 in the narrative, bear upon the subject considered therein. 
 
SOME CHAPTERS, 
 
 IN THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION, FOR REGAINING AND 
 
 PRESERVING PEACE WITH THE INDIANS 
 
 BY PACIFIC MEASURES. 
 
 FRAGMENTARY information has occasionally been 
 printed, bearing more or less directly upon the 
 workings of the above-mentioned useful organ- 
 ization, but no exhaustive history of its proceedings 
 has yet been published. This is doubtless owing to 
 the fact that when the Association disbanded, its 
 papers were scattered among the members, whose 
 descendants either hold them as heirlooms of value 
 not to be p"arted with, or have destroyed them as 
 worthless. Thus it has happened, that after a lapse 
 of more than a century, sufficient material has not 
 been collected by any one person, so far as known, 
 to warrant the preparation of a complete narrative 
 of the beneficent labor, accomplished by this fraternity 
 of philanthropists. 
 
 The writer possesses an original "Book of Minutes" 
 of the Association, covering several years of its busi- 
 ness in detail, as also letters and manuscripts, explan- 
 atory of certain matters contained therein. Portions 
 of these minutes, were used by S. Hazard in compiling 
 
 (5) 
 
his "Register of Pennsylvania"; but there is much he 
 has omitted, as irrelevant to his subject. From these 
 sources, it is proposed to glean items of interest, in the 
 hope that others, having similar information, may be 
 induced to impart it. To Friends of this generation, 
 who are striving to demonstrate the efficiency of "pacific 
 measures," as a protection, alike to frontier settlers and 
 Indians, this account, of what their fathers did in 
 pursuance of the same ends, will, it is believed, be en- 
 couraging and instructive. It is a sad reflection, 
 however, that notwithstanding the watchful care and 
 self-sacrificing efforts of Friends and their co-laborers, 
 the ancient glory of the red man, has passed away 
 forever. The weak remnant of a once mighty race, 
 cannot much longer, stem the ever-swelling tide of 
 hostile immigration. Before the advance of civilization, 
 the Indian reluctantly recedes. Where once he roamed 
 the lord of the forest, stand towns and cities, the en- 
 during monuments of Anglo-Saxon enterprise. Instead 
 of the shrill war-whoop of ancient times, is heard the 
 ceaseless- hum of industry, and luxurious homes are 
 erected, where lowly wigwams once stood. The waters, 
 upon whose peaceful bosom, floated his light canoe, are 
 now disturbed by the rapid transit of floating palaces, 
 and through his hunting-grounds, the lightning train 
 swiftly carries its human freight, from ocean to ocean. 
 Sad is it, that the nation refused to profit by the wisdom 
 of William Penn, who, in founding his colony, success- 
 fully joined practical Christianity with civil rule, in a 
 "holy experiment"; but not in vain has the hand of 
 friendship been extended to the Indian; not in vain 
 have "the children of Onas" sought to avert the stroke 
 of war, or to still the cry of annihilation, which has 
 been sounded by some high in authority; upon them 
 
as peace-makers, will rest the promised benediction, 
 whatever may be the result to the Indian. 
 
 Previous to the formation of the "Friendly As- 
 sociation" in 1756, some Friends, (who may be classed 
 as among its most active members), had remonstrated 
 earnestly against the governmental policy, which was 
 undermining the old friendship between the settlers and 
 the natives. The unprincipled conduct of many of the 
 Indian-traders, (a fruitful source of trouble still), the re- 
 peated violations of solemn compacts, the introduction 
 of " fire-water " among the Indians in the face of 
 earnest protests from their chiefs, these, and kindred 
 acts, induced Friends to interfere in their behalf The 
 Proprietaries of Pennsylvania, and the people generally 
 were at variance, which added to the troubles of the 
 colony. From 1733 to 1751, (eighteen years), eighty- 
 three hundred pounds, or almost four hundred and sixty- 
 one pounds per annum, had been expended out of the 
 provincial stock, to defray the expenses of treaties 
 designed to promote a good understanding with the 
 Indians, thus paving the way for obtaining more of 
 their land. This outlay, while burdensome to the 
 people, materially enhanced the value of the proprie- 
 tary estate, for by statute, Thomas and John Penn 
 monopolised the right of purchasing land. These 
 degenerate sons of the great founder of our Common- 
 wealth, although reaping the largest benefits from 
 treaties, persistently declined to bear an equitable share 
 of their cost. Popular indignation was the result. 
 
 The Provincial Assembly, petitioned the Proprietaries 
 under date of Sixth Month 23d, 1751. They declared 
 substantially, that the government was based upon the 
 principle of justice to all men, which assured the love 
 and veneration of its people ; — that the Indians kindly 
 
supplied the wants of many destitute settlers, and 
 as immigration increased, voluntarily retired 
 make room for their new guests, because, to use 
 their own language, " there was room for all ; tna 
 the good faith kept with the nearest tribes gave the 
 more distant Indians a favorable opinion of their white 
 brethren; that this friendship involved a very great 
 expense to the people, but as the burden increased 
 yearly, they were constrained to ask assistance of the 
 Proprietaries, and hoped that their reasonable request 
 might be granted. The fact that pecuniary aid could 
 not legally be demanded, made the obligation stronger 
 to bestow it, but the Proprietaries, refused to accede 
 to the petition. About this time, also, differences 
 had arisen between France and England, regarding 
 the boundary between the British colony of Nova 
 Scotia, and the French possessions in Canada. In 
 1753, the French erected a series of forts on the Ohio 
 river, in order to protect their separated provinces 
 of Canada and Louisiana. This was resented as an 
 aggression by Great Britain, and in 1754 an English 
 force under Major Washington, was sent to put a check 
 upon the French operations. During this year, (1754) a 
 grand treaty was held with the Six Nations, at Albany, 
 when a purchase of land was made, for the Proprietaries 
 of Pennsylvania. Charles Thomson, (afterwards sec- 
 retary to the first Continental Congress) states, that for 
 nearly a week, artifices were used, to induce the Indians 
 to execute the deed of sale for a vast territory, which 
 embraced the hunting-grounds of the Delawares and 
 the Nanticokes, and the homes of the Shawnees and 
 Ohio Indians. It was represented by the Proprietary 
 agent, to the assembled Indians, "that unless they signed 
 something of a writing to him for these lands, it would 
 
be taken for granted, that they had either sold them to 
 the French, or intended to sell them to the people of 
 New England, who had previously been in treaty with 
 them for the same territory. In order therefore to 
 remove that suspicion, some of the Indians were after 
 much persuasion prevailed upon to sign the release, 
 contrary to the established custom and usage of the Six 
 Nations, not so much with a view of conveying the land, 
 as to give the Proprietaries assurance, that they would 
 not sell them to any other ; yet even this release could 
 not be obtained, without some private presents to 
 particular Indians of known influence and authority." 
 
 Soon after this treaty, Conrad Weiser, provincial in- 
 terpreter, was sent to the Delaware and Shawnese 
 tribes, on the Ohio, to inform them of the purchase 
 made at Albany, and, if possible, to explain that transac- 
 tion. These tribes, however, declared they would not 
 agree to the bargain. Subsequently, when one of the 
 surveyors was sent by the Governor to lay out the land, 
 "he was taken prisoner in an Indian town, detained 
 until the next day, and, after divers consultations held 
 there, was conducted back by a guard toward the 
 English settlements, and made to understand that if he 
 came again upon the same business, he should not be 
 suffered to depart in the same manner." 
 
 Having endeavored to trace the causes which aliena- 
 ted the Indians from the settlers, it remains to show the 
 action of Friends in the premises. In 1755, Israel 
 Pemberton writes : — 
 
 "The frequent melancholy accounts of the barbarous murthers 
 committed by Indians in the western and northern portions of this 
 Province, filled the minds of people in general, with indignation and 
 resentment against them, and no opportunity presented of publicly 
 manifesting the earnest concern we had, to use our utmost endeavors, 
 
10 
 
 in a manner consistent with our peaceable principles, to p 
 the impending desolation. The calamity became general, an 
 every one was deeply interested in the measures taken, for enq 
 into the causes which induced our ancient steady friends, o 
 our enemies. Yet this being the proper business of t ose 
 concerned in the administration of the government, we wai e 
 event of their proceedings, having just grounds to hope, t ^ ^ 
 knowledge some of them had of several matters, which might proba- 
 bly have contributed to this rupture, together with the repeated 
 applications of the Assembly of the Province, would have incited 
 them to pursue every rational method to end differences. Gover- 
 nor Morris, however, determining to issue a declaration of war 
 against the Delawares and Shawanese, many of the people called 
 Quakers, residing in Philadelphia, met together, and after several 
 weighty conferences, being sorely grieved with the present melan- 
 choly circumstances of the Province, agreed upon an address to the 
 Governor. ' ' 
 
 This address was presented to the Governor, Fourth 
 Month 1 2th, 1756, and on the following day he re- 
 sponded thereto. In it, Friends remind him of Wil- 
 liam Penn's administration, when truth, equity, and 
 mercy prevailed, and mourn over the contrast as then 
 existing. They announce their allegiance to the Prince 
 of Peace, and, "while not presuming to prescribe," 
 beseech the Governor to reconsider the proposed dec- 
 laration of war, and to institute a rigid inquiry, as to 
 " whether some apprehensions these Indians have con- 
 ceived, of a deviation from the integrity of conduct 
 towards them, so conspicuous in the first establishment," 
 may not have assisted, to alienate their affections. 
 Friends also declare their readiness to do what they 
 can, to secure peace, even lo the extent of contributing 
 more money " than the heaviest taxes of a war ■ can be 
 expected to require^' as an evidence of their sincerity. 
 They conclude this able appeal as follows : — "May the 
 mind of the Governor, be endued with that wisdom, 
 
II 
 
 which the wisest of kings experienced to be better than 
 weapons of war ; and may thy councils be directed to 
 the honor of God, and the good of the people over 
 whom thou presidest, is our sincere desire and prayer." 
 
 The Governor replied, that he and his Council had 
 reconsidered the declaration of war, and that after 
 serious discussion, the Council advised him, immedi- 
 ately to issue his proclamation of war, which being in 
 accordance with his vievv^s, he should do, so soon as he 
 could make proper distinction between friends and 
 enemies. 
 
 This answer led Friends to petition the Assembly, 
 then in session, to which body they enclosed a duplicate 
 of their address to the Governor. They urged the 
 Assembly to remember "the emphatic and prophetic 
 declaration of the wise, worthy, first Proprietor of this 
 Province, viz., 'if Friends here keep to God, and in the 
 justice, mercy, equity, and fear of the Lord, their ene- 
 mies will be their footstool ; if not, their heirs and 
 mine too will lose all, and desolation will follow.' " 
 They appeal to the Assembly by their " sacred and 
 civil obligations, to add their endeavors, to effect the 
 necessary and salutary measures of peace." 
 
 Friends then had an interview with Conrad Weiser, 
 as one conversant with Indian affairs, and had their ap- 
 prehensions confirmed, that the natives felt aggrieved, 
 because their lands had been taken from them without 
 adequate compensation, and because some settlers 
 presumed to occupy territory, for which no negotiation 
 had taken place. Weiser asserted, that the only 
 method " to save the Province from ruin, was to 
 endeavor for a peace with them, by pacific measures," 
 and highly commended the efforts of Friends in this 
 direction. A few days subsequently, Weiser sent 
 
12 
 
 William Locquies, (a friendly Delaware Indian then in 
 the city), to Israel Pemberton, with a note recommend- 
 ing him as a suitable messenger of peace, to his dis- 
 affected brethren. A number of chiefs of the Six 
 Nations, were also in Philadelphia at this time, and 
 Friends thought it necessary to show them some mark 
 of favor. Anthony Benezet and Israel Pemberton, 
 waited upon the Governor, to apprise him of their 
 design towards these chiefs, which he acquiesced in, 
 after the assurance from them, that if anything of 
 public interest should transpire, he should be promptly 
 acquainted therewith. These Indian chiefs, with Conrad 
 Weiser, Andrew Montour (interpreters), and D'Claus 
 (Sir William Johnson's secretary), dined at Israel 
 Pemberton's with a few Friends. After dinner, a free 
 conversation occurred on public affairs, and the Indians 
 asked for another meeting, whereupon Governor Mor- 
 ris was informed by Israel Pemberton, of the peaceable 
 disposition of these chiefs. Speaking for those as- 
 sembled at the meeting, Israel said, they desired that 
 at a future interview, the Governor would advise and 
 direct the manner of proceeding, and that as the 
 provincial treasury was well nigh depleted. Friends 
 were prepared to supply him with five thousand 
 pounds, if needed, with which suggestion the Governor 
 was much pleased. Israel Pemberton further re- 
 marks : — 
 
 "About twenty of us, with the same interpreters, had two more 
 conferences with the Indians, and the most material parts of what they 
 said were afterwards communicated to the Governor, and the pro- 
 posal made by Scarroyady, of sending three messengers — Newcastle, 
 Jiggera, and William Locquies— to the Delawares and Shawanese 
 settled about Wyoming, being approved by him, the necessary pro- 
 vision was made for their setting out, and proper company provided 
 for their safe conduct through the improved part of the province. 
 
13 
 
 When they were ready to proceed on their journey, the Governor 
 being waited on, by Israel Pemberton and William Logan for the 
 passes, and being requested to direct what ^ignal they should give 
 on their return, to distinguish them from enemies, while the passes 
 lay before him ready to be signed, he suddenly appeared to change 
 his intentions, and signified his resolution to consult his Council on 
 the occasion. The minutes of our conversation with these Indians 
 being examined, and signed by the three interpreters, were imme- 
 diately after this delivered to the Governor, and his Council being 
 summoned, we were informed, they soon agreed that as he had so 
 lately declared war, any offers of peace from him would be 
 unreasonable, and that the method first proposed, of the messengers 
 going with such instructions as they had received from their own 
 chiefs, was most fit to be pursued. The next day, Scarroyady, 
 Jonathan, and the other chiefs, setting out in the stage-boat for 
 New York, after they were gone, the messengers refused to perform 
 the service they had undertaken, and the day following the 
 Governor, in consequence of some intelligence received from the 
 Governor of New York during these conferences, concluded to 
 send the messengers in his own name." 
 
 He furnished them with a message to their people, 
 urging them to lay down the hatchet, and expressed 
 his willingness to meet them, at some place mutually 
 agreed upon, in friendly conference. These peace- 
 makers started on their journey to Wyoming, by way 
 of Bethlehem, in the latter part of the Fourth Month, 
 1756. They returned on the 31st of Fifth Month 
 following, and made report that on their arrival at 
 Wyoming, it was discovered the Indians had gone to 
 Teagon (Tioga). Thither they repaired, and informed 
 their friends, that the Governor of Pennsylvania had 
 sent them a message, which was read in council a 
 few days after their arrival. Paxinosa, a chief, made 
 answer as follows : — 
 
 "Brethren, the Governor and People of Pennsylvania: — 
 The dark clouds overspread our country so suddenly, that we have 
 
14 
 
 been all at once separated, for that dark cloud got in between us, 
 but it has pleased the Most High'to dispel it a little, so that we can 
 just see one another again. Our eyes are now running with tears, 
 because of the melancholy sight, seeing our country covered wi 
 your and our blood. Give me leave to wipe off the tears from your 
 eyes, though at the same time, my own run with tears in abundance, 
 for what has passed. 
 
 "Brethren, as you came a great way and through danger- 
 ous places, where evil spirits reign, who might have put several 
 things in your way to obstruct your business, this string (of wampum), 
 will serve to clear your mind, and the passage from your heart to 
 your mouth, that you may speak freely to us." 
 
 Teedyuscung, a Delaware chief, spoke next, as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 "Brother Onas and the People of Pennsylvania : — We rejoice 
 to hear from you, and that you are M'illing to renew the old, good 
 understanding, and that you call to mind the first treaties of friend- 
 ship made by Onas, our great friend, deceased, with our fore- 
 fathers, when himself and his people first came over here. We 
 take hold of these treaties with both our hands, and desire you will 
 do the same, that a true friendship may be re-established. Let us 
 both, take hold of these treaties with all our strength, we beseech 
 you. We, on our side, will certainly do it. Brother Onas, what 
 you said to us we took to heart, and we speak to you from our 
 heart, and we will deal honestly with you in every respect. Brother 
 Onas, we desire you will look upon us with eyes of mercy. We 
 are a very poor people. Our wives and children are almost naked. 
 We are void of understanding, and destitute of the necessaries of 
 life. Pity us." 
 
 "The Delawares, Miniskies (Minisinks), and Mohickons to 
 Onas and the People of Pennsylvania: — Brethren, there is a 
 great number of our people among you, and in a manner confined. 
 We desire you will set them at liberty, or rather give them a safe 
 conduct to Wyoming, where we intend to settle, as at your fireside. 
 There, we will with you, jointly kindle a council fire, which shall 
 always burn, and we will be one people. Brother Onas and all 
 
15 
 
 the people of Pennsylvania, we had the misfortune, that a great and 
 dark cloud overspread our country. But by our prudence, and that 
 of our uncles, the Six Nations, it is now almost dispelled, and we 
 see the clear heavens again. We, the Delawares, the Shawanese, 
 the Mohickons, and Miniskies (Minisinks), give you this string of 
 wampum, and desire you that the bitterness which might have 
 gathered in this dark and unhappy time, may be removed, and that 
 you may by this means, spit it out. Take or accept this, as a certain 
 cure for that purpose. Think on your poor foolish brethren with 
 mercy, and forget all the evil done to you by them. Brother Onas, 
 what our uncles, the Six Nations, required of us in your and their 
 behalf, by their delegates at Otsaningo, we who live on the River 
 Susquehanna, have agreed to. We have laid aside the hatchet, and 
 will never make use of it any more against you or your brethren, 
 the English. All our young men have been consulted about this, 
 and all earnestly agree to it, and we now speak in their presence. 
 We must caution you, not to charge them, with anything that may 
 be done by the Ohio Indians, who are under the influence of the 
 French, against you. We assure you, our young men will do no 
 more mischief to your people." 
 
 Duringthe absence of the messengers aforesaid, Israel 
 Pemberton sent letters to Sir William Johnson, and Sir 
 Charles Hardy Governor of New York, in order to 
 secure their co-operation, and that of the Six Nations, 
 in the restoration of peace. Israel Pemberton states, 
 that "Governor Hardy kindly sent an answer, evi- 
 dencing his hearty concern for the public welfare, and 
 laying us under sensible obligations, and we have never 
 received the least hint from General Johnson, of his 
 disapprobation of our conduct. Under these circum- 
 stances, we have reason to apprehend that our inten- 
 tion was approved." 
 
 Governor Morris was so well pleased with the re- 
 sult of the conference held at Tioga, that on the 8th 
 of Sixth Month (1756), he sent Captain Newcastle, 
 Jiggera, and several more Delaware Indians, with a 
 
i6 
 
 second message to their brethren, the most important 
 item in which, is as follows : — 
 
 "As you have laid down the hatchet, and desire the same may 
 be done by us, our messenger carries with him, our proclamation 
 for the suspension of hostilities within the limits therein specified, ^ 
 of which we have informed the Six Nations. ' ' 
 
 Israel Pemberton, in commenting upon the events 
 then transpiring, says : — 
 
 "From the time of the first messengers arriving at Teaogan, the 
 hostilities on our northern fi-ontiers ceased, and an acceptable respite 
 being obtained for our distressed fellow-subjects, we enjoyed so 
 much real pleasure and satisfaction, in the happy event of our en- 
 deavors, as to engage us, cheerfully to pursue the business we had 
 begun, though many malicious calumnies and aspersions were cast 
 upon us, by persons from whom we had a right to expect encourage- 
 ment and assistance." 
 
 On the 19th of Seventh Month (i 756), Captain New- 
 castle and his companions, returned to Philadelphia 
 from Tioga, with the information that Teedyuscung, 
 the Delaware King, and some thirty of his people, 
 were in waiting at Bethlehem to see the Governor, or 
 if he desired, they would come to Philadelphia to confer 
 with him. He at once notified the Assembly of this 
 fact, which body, appointed two commissioners to 
 accompany the Governor to the treaty, and appropria- 
 ted three hundred pounds, to defray their expenses. 
 Captain Newcastle also stated to several Friends, that 
 the Indians having heard that " the children of Onas " 
 were the first to propose and promote pacific measures, 
 it was important, for a few of them to attend the 
 coming treaty, taking with them some things necessary 
 for the relief of the Indians, as a peace offering. 
 
17 
 
 "On the 20th of Seventh Month, several Friends met, and 
 unanimously agreed, that it would be necessary to enter into a 
 subscription to raise a sum of money, to defray the charges which 
 have already arisen, and what will now immediately become 
 necessary, and likewise to provide such a fund, that on future occa- 
 sions we may be able to promote the interest, welfare, and peace 
 of our country, by contributing toward the expenses of treaties with 
 the Indians, in such manner as may appear to be most conducive of 
 the public good, and tend to improve the confidence the Indians 
 have repeatedly, and especially of late, expressed in men of our 
 peaceable principles. And after several conferences, on the 2 2d, 
 the following preamble of a subscription was agreed to, viz.: — 'We, 
 the subscribers, from a consideration of the necessity of regaining 
 and promoting the friendship of the Indians, who were the native 
 inhabitants of this country, and being in hopes the pacific measures 
 lately proposed may have that good effect, in order to demonstrate 
 our hearty concern, to maintain the principles of peace and good- 
 will we have professed to them, and to ' contribute our assistance 
 towards so important a service, in a manner consistent with our 
 peaceable principles, do hereby promise and oblige ourselves, our 
 heirs, executors, and administrators, to pay unto Anthony Morris, 
 John Reynell, Jonathan Mifflin, Jeremiah Elfreth, Jeremiah Warder, 
 Israel Pemberton, Joseph Morris, William Fisher, Charles Jones, 
 James Pemberton, Joseph Richardson, Abel James, Thomas Say, 
 Joshua Emlen, Owen Jones, and Samuel Sansom, or their order, 
 the sums by us respectively subscribed, within twelve months after 
 date hereof, together with lawful interest for the same, to be em- 
 ployed for the purposes aforesaid ; and we do agree, and direct the 
 said persons before named, within four months after date hereof, to 
 appoint a time and place for a general meeting of all the subscri- 
 bers,, and notify the same by an advertisement in the "Gazette," 
 or otherwise, in order that at such general meeting a Treasurer and 
 Trustees be appointed for executing this trust, and for regulating 
 their trust, authority, and duty, and a proper method be settled in 
 which the Treasurer and Trustees may be obliged to render their 
 accounts annually, and be made answerable for such sums of money 
 as may be contributed for the purposes aforesaid.' Upwards of 
 twelve hundred pounds were immediately subscribed. It was like- 
 wise agreed that some goods be purchased by Jeremiah Warder, 
 Abel James, and Israel Pemberton, and a wagon hired to convey 
 them to the place where the treaty is to be held, and that as many 
 
Friends as can go, be encouraged to attend it. After which Israel 
 Pembcrton waited on the Governor, and acquainted him of our 
 intentions of waiting upon him at the treaty, and taking with us a 
 small present for the Indians. On the 23d, the goods being pro- 
 vided, were sent by Henry Shettle's wagon, and upwards of twenty 
 Friends set out on the journey, and on the 24th arrived at Bethle- 
 hem, where we were informed that the Indian King and his com- 
 pany were waiting at Easton, in pursuance of the Governor's first 
 directions, and that the Governor, his Secretary, and one of his 
 Council were gone thither to meet them." 
 
 " On the 25th we went forward to Easton, and soon after our get- 
 ting there, Anthony Morris, John Evans, William Brown, and Israel 
 Pemberton waited on the Governor, and acquainted him that twenty 
 Friends and upwards were come from Philadelphia, in order to 
 contribute what may be in our power towards promoting the work 
 of peace, which we are desirous of doing, in a manner agreeable to 
 the Governor. 
 
 "At the Governor's lodgings we first saw Teedyuscung, who, on 
 our coming in, immediately expressed his regard for and confidence 
 in the Quakers. We afterwards called and shook hands with him 
 at his lodgings, and he expressed great satisfaction in seeing us, and 
 said Newcastle had told him of the Quakers, and that they would, 
 come to meet him, which he now found to be true, and that now 
 he saw them he felt it to the point of his heart, and should not say 
 anything to the Governor unless the Quakers were present. To 
 avoid giving offense we did not stay five minutes with him. Soon 
 after our coming to town, we were informed that the Governor had 
 given orders that no person should speak with the Indians, and a 
 guard was set near their lodgings to prevent it. The Governor and 
 his attendants, about ten' o'clock, attended their public worship, 
 where Parson Peters, his Secretary, preached to them. In the after- 
 noon. Friends had a satisfactory meeting in the same place, at which 
 Benjamin Trotter, John Evans, and William Brown had very season- 
 able and acceptable service, and there appeared some grounds to 
 hope the minds of many would be suitably prepared for the suc- 
 ceeding business. In the evening the wagon with our goods 
 arrived, which were deposited in a vacant house where we had 
 liberty to lodge, the blankets intended for the Indians serving us 
 for beds. 
 
 "In the evening the Indian King and most of his attendants 
 came uninvited and supped at our inn, from whence with some 
 
19 
 
 difficulty we persuaded them to return to their lodgings immedi- 
 ately after supper, without taking a drop of strong liquor, and they 
 promised wholly to refrain from it, that the next day they might be 
 fit for business. 
 
 " 26th of Seventh Month. This morning Newcastle and Pump- 
 shear, acquainted us that the Indian King and his company, who had 
 been drinking intemperately several days before, were now sober, 
 and the King said his head and heart were clear and ready to enter 
 on business ; and they freely expressed their sentiments on several 
 matters which they expected would be the subjects of public con- 
 sideration, with which they desired the Governor might be informed. 
 In pursuance of which the substance of what was said was com 
 municated to W. Logan, of the Governor's Council ; but Conrad 
 Weiser not being yet come, the Governor determined to defer 
 treating with the Indians till he came. Newcastle and the inter- 
 preter Pumpshear being sent for by the Governor, and desired to 
 give their sentiments on several matters, answered freely as to most 
 of them ; but as to some particulars begged leave to refer the Gover- 
 nor to what they had already said to Israel Pemberton, with which 
 they presumed the Governor was, or would be acquainted by one of 
 his Council, with which the Governor seemed highly displeased, 
 and charged Pumpshear to inform said Pemberton, and by that 
 means all the Quakers in town, that he should treat them as his 
 Majesty's enemies, if they held any conference with the Indians on 
 any matter relative to the government, and that he had strictly 
 charged the same to be observed by all persons whatsoever, on his 
 first coming."* 
 
 "The interpeter then informed him that we had been particu- 
 larly cautious in that respect, and, so far as he knew, clear from 
 any conversation with them ; and after giving the reasons for the 
 conversation, he and Newcastle had voluntarily entered into with 
 said Pemberton, one of which was the difficulty of free access to 
 him at suitable times, the Governor's wrath seemed to abate, but he 
 enjoined them in future immediately to communicate to him or to 
 his Secretary, or to some of his Council, and to no other, anything 
 
 * Israel Pemberton says : — " At this time, and at all times before and since the treaty, the 
 Moravians at Bethlehem are allowed to entertain such Indians as they please, and to have the 
 liberty of freely conversing with them, though the Quakers in this arbitrary manner are forbid, 
 at the time the Governor knew they came solely to promote and assist in the restoring peace ; 
 and the lower class of people are permitted to curse, swear, and rail at them, and endeavor to 
 incense them against us within their hearing, which appears to be very offensive to them." 
 
20 
 
 they might have to say, and promised them free admittance at all 
 times. The Governor's message and conduct, appeared so extrava- 
 gant, that Pumpshear did not, before the next meeting, deliver the 
 message. The Indians this day dined with the Governor, and his 
 Council and attendants, and we were informed that the King after 
 dinner, in a full and pathetic manner, expressed his concern for 
 the mischief which had been done. This raised tenderness towards 
 the Indians, in most who were present. 
 
 "After this, we thought of inviting the Indians to dine with us, 
 but on hinting it to one of the Governor's Council after he had 
 spoken with the Governor, we were informed that it was not ap- 
 proved, and we therefore declined it. Captain Reynolds from Fort 
 Allen, this day informed us he had intelligence there were about 
 twenty Indians seen in that neighborhood, by which some of the 
 people were much alarmed, and had fled from their plantations, upon 
 which we renewed our application that messengers might be sent to 
 invite those Indians to come in, being a party , left behind by 
 Teedyuscung, who we were apprehensive, might, by his staying 
 longer than expected, be tempted to commit some irregularities, but 
 we could not succeed therein. 
 
 " 27th of Seventh Month. Conrad Weiser arrived, but the 
 Governor went out fishing, and the Indians spent the day in drink- 
 ing so much, as to render them unfit for business. In the morning 
 Friends met together, and agreed to attend to the service we were 
 engaged in, and that no one should depart without first notifying 
 his intentions to the company, and obtaining consent. Near forty 
 of us are now together. It was likewise agreed, that Anthony 
 Morris, John Evans, William Brown, and Israel Pemberton should 
 wait upon the Governor and acquaint him, that by a message 
 received from him yesterday by John Pumpshear, we perceive he is 
 apprehensive that we have had, or intend to have, some conferences 
 with the Indians now come to town, relative to the affairs of Govern- 
 ment ; and therefore we think it necessary to inform the Governor, 
 that we have not had any such conferences with them, and to repeat 
 what we said when we first waited on him, that our sole purpose in 
 coming and waiting here is to be assistant, so far as may be in our 
 power, in promoting the work of restoring peace, in a manner con- 
 sistent with our stations and circumstances, and the respect due to 
 him as our Governor. In the evening, the said four Friends deliv- 
 ered the message, with some of the reasons of our coming up, &c. 
 The Governor positively denied that he had sent us any message by 
 
21 
 
 Pumpshear, treated us civilly, and repeatedly assured us of receiv- 
 ing with pleasure, and duly considering any hints or intimations we 
 might think proper to give, of such matters as might appear to us 
 necessary to be regarded on the present occasion ; but of our 
 intended present to the Indians he did not take the least notice. 
 We hinted the apprehensions we had of the Indians suspecting our 
 being deficient in regard to them, as to avoid offense we had de- 
 clined seeing or speaking with them, excepting the interviews at our 
 first coming, and the short time they unexpectedly spent in supping 
 with us ; and we found that Captain Newcastle and the interpreter, 
 were both much concerned to find us laid under such restraint." 
 
 "28th Seventh Month. We had notice this morning of the Gov- 
 ernor's intention of speaking with the Indians, and by attending at 
 the time and place and crowding ourselves in, obtained admission 
 and kept minutes of what was said by, and to them. In the after- 
 noon, some of us visited the Moravian settlements at Nazareth, 
 Christians Brunn, and Gnadenthal, and were highly delighted with 
 the ceconomy of the families, and with the extraordinary improve- 
 ments of every kind, which, notwithstanding their infancy, much 
 exceed anything in America." 
 
 "29th Seventh Month. The Governor again met the Indians, and 
 we obtained admittance as at first, and kept minutes of most that 
 was said, though the hasty and inconsiderate method in which the 
 Indians' answers were received, rendered it impracticable to be as 
 exact as the importance of the occasion and subject required. In 
 the evening Friends met together and agreed that Anthony Morris, 
 John Evans, William Brown, and Jonathan Mifflin should again 
 wait upon the Governor, and repeat the assurance we had before 
 given, of our desire to promote the business in which he is en- 
 gaged, in the manner most agreeable to him, and to let him know 
 we desire his consent to our delivering a present to the Indians, or 
 that he would be so kind as to deliver it for us, as a testimony of 
 our regard for them and of our hearty desire to improve the con- 
 fidence they have said they have in us, to the public benefit. On 
 their return they informed us that the Governor declared positively, 
 that he would not permit Friends to deliver their present to the 
 Indians, nor did it appear to him proper that he should do so ; but 
 that he would consult his Council and give us a positive answer in 
 the morning." 
 
 ' ' 30th of Seventh Month. The Governor, by one of his Council, 
 notified us that if we would consent to put our goods, with those 
 
22 
 
 provided at the public expense, he would deliver them with the 
 following speech, viz.: — 
 
 "'Brethren:— I acquainted you yesterday, that the people of 
 Pennsylvania had put into my hands a small present, to relieve you, 
 your wives and children, in their present distresses. I now think 
 it necessary further to inform you that a part of this present, was 
 given by the people called Quakers, the descendants of those who 
 first came over to this country with your old friend William Penn, 
 as a particular testimony of their regard and affection for the 
 Indians, and their earnest wish to promote the good work of peace 
 in which we are engaged.' On consideration, it is unanimously 
 agreed that we should consent to the Governor delivering our pres- 
 ents ; but in order that the Indians may know what part of the 
 goods were provided by Friends, that a list of them be delivered to 
 the interpreter, to be communicated to them when he has a suitable 
 opportunity. And a string of wampum was provided to be deliv- 
 ered by the Governor, with the speech he has promised to make on 
 delivering the goods. 
 
 " 31st of Seventh Month. An express having arrived from Phila- 
 delphia, last evening, with news of Lord Loudon's arrival at New 
 York, and the declaration of war against France, the Governor 
 determined this day to declare war, and afterwards to close his con- 
 ferences with the Indians, &c. Accordingly, at 12 o'clock, after 
 the declaration of war, the Governor delivered the presents, closed 
 the conferences, and invited all the Indians, and others, to dine with 
 him. About one hundred and fifty of us dined under a booth, the 
 Governor behaving with great civility and openness, in a manner 
 which gave universal satisfaction. Most of the people called Qua- 
 kers, intending this afternoon to set out homewards, immediately 
 after dinner took leave of the Governor and Teedyuscung, at which 
 time the King, addressing himself to us all, said, viz., ' Now we 
 have made this good beginning of the work of peace, I desire you 
 may let it be known to all your people, far and near. I will do 
 the same among our people. I hope you will hear of no more 
 mischief being done. If I should hear of any being intended 
 against you, I will do my utmost to give you notice of it, but do 
 not let this cause you to be off your guard. Perhaps some of the 
 Ohio Indians may come over the river without my knowing it, but 
 if I do know, you shall certainly be informed of it.' " 
 
23 
 
 During the treaty, several Friends who could not 
 conveniently attend it, were employed in soliciting sub- 
 scriptions in the city, and elsewhere, and about one 
 thousand pounds had been contributed. But owing to 
 an unfounded rumor, that the Indians, after their de- 
 parture from Fort Allen, " made a cantico, and burnt 
 all the goods presented to them," Friends deemed it 
 advisable, temporarily, to suspend collections. In the 
 Tenth Month, 1756, information was received that Tee- 
 dyuscung, with about one hundred Indians, and four or 
 five prisoners, were in the vicinity of Easton, and it 
 was thought important by Friends, to give aid in pro- 
 moting peace, and securing the release of the prison- 
 ers. William Denny was now Governor of Pennsyl- 
 vania, but because of some misrepresentations made 
 to him by Secretary Peters and some of his Council, 
 he declined to confer with Friends concerning the 
 Indians, and insisted on their reducing to writing, all 
 propositions which they desired to make. It was there- 
 fore concluded by a few city subscribers to the above- 
 mentioned fund, to call a General Meeting of Friends, 
 "on Third day afternoon, at 3 o'clock, the 2d of Eleventh 
 Month, at the great Meeting-House, in this city. Israel 
 Pemberton, undertakes to notify Aaron Ashbridge, of 
 Goshen, Thomas Carleton, of Kennett, and George 
 Miller, of Providence, in Chester county. Joseph 
 Morris, to notify Abram Dawes and John Morris, of 
 Plymouth, in order that they may inform contributors 
 in their respective neighborhoods." Lists were made 
 of all the city contributors, which were divided among 
 a committee, and the form of a notice was agreed om 
 to be delivered to each contributor, or to be left at 
 dwellings. It was agreed by the few Friends assem- 
 bled at this informal meeting, to propose to the general 
 
24 
 
 convocation, that a Treasurer, and twelve Trustees 
 be chosen by ballot. 
 
 On the second day of the Eleventh Month, 1756, the 
 Association, it may be said, was organized. The In- 
 dian question had been brought to the attention of the 
 Yearly Meeting, by a few zealous Friends, but that 
 body considered any interference with "public affairs'' 
 as beyond its jurisdiction, and declined action. This 
 decision, although unexpected to the Friends who had 
 undertaken to aid the Government, in all measures cal- 
 culated to promote peace with the natives, was not 
 disheartening, and the meeting on the 2d of Eleventh 
 Month, was an endorsement of their labors. There 
 were present on that occasion, the following contributors 
 to the fund, as taken from the minute-book : — 
 
 From Chester county — Aaron Ashbridge, Isaac Howell, Thomas 
 Lightfoot, Jr., and George Miller. From Berks county — Ben- 
 jamin Lightfoot, Francis Parvin, and John Starr. From Philadel- 
 phia county — Abram Dawes, John Eastburn, and Andrew Zeigler. 
 From the city of Philadelphia-— Nathaniel Allen, Anthony Bene- 
 zet, William Brown, Davis Bassett, James Bringhurst, Joseph 
 Baker, Samuel Bissell, John Bissell, John Care, John Cresson, John 
 Cowpland, Jonathan Carmalt, William Cooper, William Clark, 
 Thomas Crosby, William Craig, Joseph Davis, John Drinker, John 
 Drinker, Jr., Henry Drinker, Joshua Emlen, Jeremiah Elfreth, 
 Joshua Fisher, William Fisher, Samuel Grisley, John Gillingham, 
 Isaac Greenleafe, Joshua Howell, Benjamin Hooten, Caleb Hewes, 
 Abel James, James James, Charles Jones, Owen Jones, Edward 
 Jones, Aquilla Jones, Jacob Lewis, Thomas Lightfoot, William 
 Lightfoot, Jonathan Mifflin, Joseph Morris, Samuel Preston Moore, 
 Abram Mason, George Mifflin, Joseph Mariot, Samuel Noble, Rob- 
 ert Parrish, Thomas Paschall, Israel Pemberton, James Pemberton, 
 John Pemberton, Peter Reeve, Samuel Rhoads, John Reynell, 
 Joseph Richardson, Francis Rawle, Hugh Roberts, Samuel Sansom, 
 Henry Shute, Thomas Say, William Savery, Joseph Saul, Jacob 
 Shoemaker, Jr., James Satterthwaite, Christopher Thompson, Jere- 
 miah Warder, Robert Wain, Daniel Williams, Richard Wistar, 
 
25 
 
 Samuel Wetherill, Thomas Williams, Peter Worrall, Isaac Zane— 
 eighty-three Friends in all. 
 
 At this meeting, Israel Pemberton gave a narrative 
 of what was done at the conferences with the Indians 
 at Easton, of the presents purchased at the expense, 
 and given in the name of the contributors, of the 
 rumors which hindered further application for contribu- 
 tions, of a second conference at Easton, and of " the 
 opportunity now offering of more extensive service 
 than heretofore," and recommended the — 
 
 " Choosing of a Treasurer and Trustees, to receive such sums of 
 money as have been, or may be subscribed towards promoting the 
 good work proposed, and bringing it to the desired issue, after con- 
 sideration of which, and the conduct and proceedings of the Com- 
 mittee being approved, it was agreed at this meeting to choose a 
 Treasurer, and that the former Committee be continued till the next 
 general meeting, and that it is necessary that as many of them as 
 can attend the approaching conferences at Easton, with as many 
 others of the contributors as can be engaged to go, should be there. 
 
 "Agreed that the committee should purchase as many goods for 
 clothing the Indians, as they, on consideration, may think proper, 
 if, on applying to the Governor, they find he is willing to present 
 them to the Indians in our name, in the same manner the former 
 Governor did. 
 
 " Samuel Preston Moore, Samuel Rhoades, Hugh Roberts, Jacob 
 Lewis, Richard Wistar, Thomas Crosby, Abram Dawes, and Daniel 
 Williams are desired, in conjunction with the committee, to make 
 an essay of rules, necessary for the orderly management of our 
 business, and for regulating the trust, authority, and duty of the 
 Trustees and Treasurer, to be brought to our next General Meeting, 
 at which time it is agreed that sixteen Trustees should be chosen by 
 ballot. 
 
 " John Reynell, was now chosen Treasurer by ballot, after which, 
 the General Meeting, adjourned till the first day of next month, at 
 lo o'clock, at Friends' schoolhouse, in this city." 
 
 On the 3d of Eleventh Month, 1756, the committee 
 met at the house of Israel Pemberton, and prepared an 
 
26 
 
 address to the Governor, which was presented to him 
 by six Friends, who reported they were favorably re- 
 ceived, and that the Governor would answer the com- 
 munication promptly. The following are copies of the 
 address and answer : — 
 
 " To William Denny, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor and Commander- 
 in-Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania, &'c.: 
 
 "The address of a considerable number of the people called 
 Quakers, in the city of Philadelphia, for themselves and their 
 brethren in other parts of the said Province, showeth, that the 
 calamities and desolation of our fellow-subjects on the frontiers of 
 the Province, having been the painful subject of our frequent con- 
 sideration, with desires to be instrumental towards their relief by 
 every means in our power, consistent with the peaceable principles 
 we profess, some of us, had by the permission of Governor Morris, 
 some conferences last spring, with some Indian chiefs of the Six 
 Nations, from whence we are confirmed in our apprehensions, that 
 there was a prospect of some good effect, by further endeavors to 
 promote pacific measures with the Delaware Indians, on the northern 
 frontiers of this Province. 
 
 " That immediately after the conference. Governor Morris sent a 
 message to these Indians, in which he particularly mentioned our 
 earnest desires to interpose with the Government, to receive their 
 submission, and establish a firm and lasting peace with them. 
 
 " That from the accounts given us by the Indians who delivered 
 this message, we were informed that the Delawares, reposed great 
 confidence in the continuance of our endeavors to that purpose, 
 and after the receipt of a second message, some of them, were in- 
 duced to meet Governor Morris at Easton, and there, laid the 
 foundation of a more general treaty. That a considerable number 
 of us, attended the said treaty at Easton, and from the conduct and 
 express declarations of the Indians, were assured that our personal 
 attendance, was very acceptable to them, and conducive to the 
 general service. 
 
 "That in confirmation of the sincerity of our desires to promote 
 the restoration of peace, we had provided a present of such clothing 
 for these Indians, as they appeared to be immediately in want of, 
 which Governor Morris was pleased to deliver them, in our behalf. 
 
2; 
 
 " That as we are now informed, a much larger number of Indians 
 are waiting to meet the Governor at Easton. Being still desirous 
 of promoting the restoration and establishment of peace with them, 
 we are ready and "willing by personally attending the treaty, to 
 manifest the continuance of our care and concern herein, and our 
 hearty disposition to regain and improve the friendship of the 
 Indians, to the general interest of our country ; and if our furnish- 
 ing a supply of clothing for them, against the approaching winter, 
 in addition to what is provided at the public expense, may in any 
 measure tend to these purposes, and be consistent with the Gov- 
 ernor's pleasure, we shall cheerfully provide and send them to the 
 place appointed for the treaty, to be delivered them by the Governor, 
 in such manner as will most effectually promote the public service, 
 and express our friendly disposition towards them. All of which 
 is, with much respect, submitted to the consideration of the Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 " Signed on behalf and at the request of our brethren. 
 
 " JONATHAN MIFFLIN, 
 "ISRAEL PEMBERTON, 
 "SAMUEL PRESTON MOORE, 
 " ABRAM DAWES. 
 "3d Eleventh Month, 1756." 
 
 The Governor sent the following reply to Israel 
 Pemberton : — 
 
 "Sir: — I have considered the address delivered me this morn- 
 ing, in behalf of a considerable number of the people called 
 Quakers, and am willing to receive such goods as they may put into 
 my hands for the use of the Indians, and deliver them along with the 
 Provincial present, in the same manner Mr. Morris did. I thank 
 the gentlemen for their kind offer of attending me at the Indian 
 conference, and shall be glad to see them at Easton. 
 " I am, sir, your very humble servant, 
 
 "WILLIAM DENNY." 
 
 It was now agreed by Friends, to purchase goods 
 and clothing, to the value of five hundred pounds, and 
 send the same to Easton, to be there distributed by the 
 
28 
 
 committee in attendance, as they may deem necessary. 
 Jeremiah Warder, Samuel Sansom, WilHam Fisher, and 
 Abel James, were appointed to purchase goods, and hire 
 wagons, to send them to Easton. Charles Jones was 
 authorized to buy liquors, and provisions, and send them 
 with the goods. Joseph Richardson, Thomas Crosby, 
 Daniel Williams, James Pemberton, Joshua Emlen, and 
 Owen Jones, were to solicit subscriptions for defraymg 
 "the expenses of this business." 
 
 On the 4th of Eleventh Month, eighteen Friends met. 
 It was announced at this meeting, tha:t Captain New- 
 castle, who had been seized with the small-pox, died on 
 the 3d. 
 
 "Having first expressed his mind fully concerning his burial and 
 the care of his widow, and nephew and niece, whom he called his 
 children, which being committed to writing, and the Governor de- 
 claring his approbation of the will being performed, it is therefore 
 now agreed, that Kelly, the said Newcastle's nephew, be immediately 
 clothed and lodged at John Hill's, and after the treaty is over, be 
 put to school, to learn to read and write. ' ' 
 
 John Reynell, James Pemberton, Owen Jones, and 
 Anthony Benezet, were appointed a committee, to take 
 charge of Newcastle's burial. 
 
 "At a meeting of the committee, 19th Eleventh Month, 1756, 
 present all but Anthony Morris and Jeremiah Elfreth. The mem- 
 bers of the committee who attended the treaty at Easton, gave an 
 account of their conduct and proceedings there, and of the agree- 
 able issue of these conferences, &c. , and as all the goods provided 
 were not presented to the Indians, those brought back, are left under 
 the care of Jeremiah Warder. After some further conversation 
 relative to the business, agreed to meet again to-morrow afternoon, 
 at three o'clock, at the Schoolhouse, and to invite to the said 
 meeting, the Friends nominated to assist this committee in making 
 an essay of rules, &c." 
 
29, 
 
 The following account, is given by some of the 
 Trustees, who attended the late treaty with the Indians 
 at Easton ; — 
 
 " The Governor having on the sth inst., in the morning, set out 
 from Philadelphia with the Secretary, several of the Trustees and 
 other Friends followed in the afternoon, and others the next day. 
 At Samuel Dearies, about twenty miles from Easton, one of the 
 Trustees (Israel Pemberton), acce^mpanied by Charles Thomson, 
 overtook the Governor, and were informed that on some intelligence 
 sent by the Moravians from Bethlehem, of the Indians intending 
 some mischief, the Governor had stopped until the Commissioners 
 came up, and he had received an answer to a message he had sent 
 to Colonel Weiser at Easton. The Governor was then informed that 
 the commissioners had gone another road, and would probably that 
 night reach John Chapman's, ten miles further on the way towards 
 Easton, and that they intended likewise to go thither, not being 
 apprehensive there was any danger from the Indians. The Secre- 
 tary therefore wrote a letter to the commissioners, which was sent 
 by a messenger, to meet them on the road. * * * -pj^g Qqv- 
 ernor having been delayed several days longer than was expected, 
 Israel Pemberton and Charles Thomson concluded to go forward to 
 Easton. About noon on the 7th they arrived there, and on the 
 bank of the river before the ferry-house, were received by Teedyus- 
 cung, and about fifteen or sixteen of his people, with a hearty 
 welcome. They were inquisitive about the Governor's coming, and 
 being told he was on the road and would be here soon, they said 
 they had been told so before and did not know how to believe it, 
 but if Israel Pemberton said so, they would believe it, and upon 
 being assured of its truth, they retired to their camp. In a short 
 time, the Governor and Secretary came. Teedyuscung, two of the 
 Six Nations Indians, and Israel Pemberton went to the Governor's 
 lodgings to congratulate him on his arrival. In the evening, the 
 Commissioners, and some of the Trustees arrived. Beds having been 
 sent from Philadelphia, we were all more agreeably accommodated 
 than at the former treaty. It soon appeared that our coming had 
 relieved the Indians from a painful suspense, which the imprudent 
 conduct and discourse of the people who had come hither from the 
 Jerseys, and other parts of the country had increased, many of them 
 having threatened to take this opportunity of being revenged on 
 
30 
 
 them. Some one hundred and sixty Indians (as we were informed), 
 had prepared to leave Teogan (Tioga) for the treaty, but the night 
 before setting out, they received a message from the northward, that 
 some Indians at Mount Johnson, had heard from their brethren at 
 Philadelphia, that the intention of the Government of Pennsylvania 
 in inviting them to a treaty, was to get a number of them together 
 and cut them off; that at or near Wyoming two messages of simi- 
 lar import had been received, so that many had been deterred from 
 setting out, and scarce one-third of the number expected were come 
 hither." * * * * 
 
 On the afternoon of the 8th, the conferences were 
 opened. Teedyuscung first spoke, and the Governor 
 briefly answered by way of introducing the business. 
 The chief, believing that the Governor was disposed 
 to "accommodate matters," sent a messenger to the 
 Indians in the vicinity of Fort Allen, to invite them to 
 join in the treaty. The Governor's Secretary, requested 
 Charles Thomson to assist in taking minutes, which 
 he complied with, and continued to do so, until the 
 conclusion of the treat3\ 
 
 The conference was renewed, about eleven o'clock 
 on the morning of the gth. The chief revived the 
 memory of former treaties, and assured those assem- 
 bled that he had sought to restore peace, and had told 
 his people that the whites were seeking to revive the 
 " ancient alliance and friendship, by a candid and in- 
 genuous conduct." The Governor promised to reply 
 the next clay. The conference adjourned, and by in- 
 vitation four members of the Association, dined with 
 the Governor. 
 
 " loth of Eleventh Month, 1756. This being the King's birth- 
 day, the Governor invited all the Friends here, and the Indians, to a 
 public entertainment. Some of us wholly declined going, others 
 attended, to prevent any exception being taken by the Governor, 
 and to show ourselves heartily disposed to keep' the Indians in 
 
31 
 
 a proper disposition to bring tlie treaty to tlie desired issue, 
 our minds being more disposed to promote tliat, than to indulge 
 in feasting. It being generally thought necessary to try to bring 
 down the Indians remaining above, and the Governor, Commis- 
 sioners, and all concerned having declared their approbation of the 
 design, several Friends expressed their willingness to accompany 
 Moses Tetamie, whom with two other Indians, Teedyuscung conclu- 
 ded to send. Just before they were to set out, he came to our lodg- 
 ings, and taking I. Zane and Israel Pemberton into a private room, 
 told them he had provided a string of wampum, and expected the 
 Governor would send one, and desired the Quakers might add 
 another, which three being tied together, he said he would send 
 them to be delivered with his message. We told him we should 
 cheerfully do it if the Governor approved, and Israel Pemberton 
 went immediately to W. Logan, one of the Governor's Council, and 
 desired he would let us know the Governor's pleasure. About this 
 time, it was whispered that the Governor did not approve of Friends 
 going, so that those who had proposed it, declined. We afterward 
 learned that the Governor forbid our sending any wampum, but left 
 our going to the discretion of Conrad Weiser, who, being consulted,' 
 approved it. Daniel Stanton, John Pemberton, and Benjamin Hoo- 
 ton being willing to go, application was made to the Secretary, for a 
 pass or letter from the Governor to the Captain of Fort Allen, which 
 he readily promised to prepare." Subsequently, but after consider- 
 able delay, "he delivered a letter, sealed and directed to Captain 
 Ornt, and immediately the messengers and Friends with them set 
 out. It was a cold, tempestuous time, yet they traveled all night. 
 At an ordinary on the road to Fort Allen, they met with one of the 
 captains of the party of Indians they were sent to, who was coming 
 down to Teedyuscung. On being informed of their business, the 
 captain agreed to return and to propose to his company their com- 
 ing down to Easton. In the morning the party arrived at Fort 
 Allen and were kindly received by Captain Ornt. There being no 
 road from the fort to the Indian camp, and it being necessary to 
 ford the river several times to get there. Friends remained at the 
 fort, while Moses Tetamie and the Indians, went to the camp. In 
 the evening,' Moses returned, and stated they had met in council for 
 several hours, and at last concluded to remain where they were, and 
 would leave it to their Chief to attend the council fire, and they 
 would agree to whatever he did. But that they might not appear 
 ungrateful for so civil an invitation, and the kindness of Friends 
 
32 
 
 who accompanied the messengers, one of their captains, with most 
 of his company, visited the fort the next morning, and after a con- 
 ference with Friends, appeared free and open, and lost much of the 
 suspicion which they had discovered ; and after a handsome ac- 
 knowledgment of this instance of regard to them, concluded to 
 send two of their company, to wait on the Friends back to Easton. 
 In the evening of the loth, after dinner, divers Jersey people be- 
 haved with great impudence, many of them appearing" outrageous 
 and very valiant, now they think without danger to themselves [to] 
 take advantage of Indians. One young man was so turbulent that 
 a writ was prepared to put him into custody." 
 
 nth of Eleventh Month. The Governor concluded 
 to defer proceeding to business, until the return of the 
 messengers sent to Fort Allen. 
 
 "Friends met together at our hired house, at the usual time of 
 our weekly meeting in Philadelphia, and were favored with a satis- 
 factory evidence of the renewings of Divine regard toward us, 
 uniting us to each other, and encouraging us in the prosecution of 
 our business. At this meeting, we had the company of our Friends, 
 Christopher Wilson and John Hunt, from Great Britain, who came 
 hither yesterday out of Chester county, accompanied by several 
 Friends residing there." 
 
 1 2th of Eleventh Month. Moses Tetamie returned, 
 with the information that the Indians around Fort 
 Allen, would not attend the treaty, whereupon the 
 Governor concluded to proceed to business in the 
 afternoon. A warm debate, arose between the Secre- 
 tary and Commissioners, about what should be said to 
 the Indians, the latter contending, that they should be 
 asked the cause of their disaffection, while the former 
 urged, that such a question was unnecessary, it being 
 evident they had been prevailed on by the French, to 
 " strike their old friends." The Commissioners, how- 
 ever, declared that the question had never been asked 
 
33 
 
 the Indians officially, and Secretary Peters finally con- 
 sented, that they might be asked in a general way, why 
 they were dissatisfied ; but that no direct query as to 
 whether the Proprietaries or their agents had wronged 
 them, would be allowed. As Israel Pemberton re- 
 marks : — 
 
 " Surely, if he (Peters) was assured that justice had always been 
 done to them, this must be a fair opportunity of a public testimony 
 of it, and the suspicions in the minds of many, be effectually re- 
 moved. 
 
 " About half-past four o'clock, the Governor delivered his speech 
 to the Indians, and the joy which appeared in their countenances 
 cannot be expressed, on their hearing what the Governor said. 
 There has not for many years been a treaty, in which they have 
 given such full and repeated expressions of approbation by their 
 hearty, united ' yeho' at the end of every sentence. On the 
 meeting breaking up, they hurried across the benches, to offer the 
 Governor their hands. One of them cried, 'O ! he is a good man; 
 there is no evil in his heart.' Every one seemed pleased, that if 
 they have any complaints to make, the way is now so fairly opened 
 for their making them known, that the grounds of them may be 
 inquired into. 
 
 "In the evening, the three Friends returned from Fort Allen, 
 On their alighting, the sentinel informed them, they were desired to 
 wait on the Governor. After a tedious delay, they were admitted 
 to him, and upon giving him some account of their business, were 
 much surprised to hear him declare, that he was unacquainted with 
 their going, and disapproved it. They informed him, they had gone 
 with the full apprehension of its being with his privity, and with 
 no other view, than the promotion of the business in the manner 
 they thought he desired. At our lodgings, they were told by us, 
 that it was impossible the Governor should have been ignorant of 
 their going, as he had signed the pass for them ; but they declared, 
 that when Captain Ornt opened the paper at the fort, it was un- 
 signed, and as the captain thought it an accidental omission, 
 they were treated with kindness and civility. As the Governor 
 was quite ignorant of the care we had taken to be assured of his 
 consent, by applying for his letter or pass, and as there was danger 
 
34 
 
 of interrupting the business, by a controversy with the Secretary to 
 clear the matter up, it seems we were to lie under the imputation, 
 of having willfully acted contrary to his direction. The Friends 
 who performed this fatiguing journey, seemed however, so fully 
 satisfied of having been in the discharge of their duty, that we en- 
 deavored to exercise patience and prudence. 
 
 1 3th of Eleventh Month. The conference re-opened, 
 about noon. Teedyuscung freely expressed his mind, 
 and alluded to the frauds practiced upon his people. 
 Conrad Weiser, sought to evade the subject of frauds, 
 and Secretary Peters, declined to take notes of what 
 was said ; but Charles Thomson, was requested by 
 the Governor, to record all that passed, which, it is as- 
 serted, he did, with great precision. After adjourn- 
 ment, a few Friends dined, by invitation, with the Gov- 
 ernor, who expressed his willingness to inquire into 
 the matter of frauds more fully at a future time, but 
 Benjamin Franklin, feared that a long postponement 
 would be construed by the Indians as a — 
 
 "Denial or refusal of justice, and instanced the treaty at Albany, 
 where they had complained of being deceived by promises so fre- 
 quently, that they insisted on the Commissioners then present, being 
 guarantees, for the faithful performance of some promises made by 
 New Yorkers. What a reproach is this, to the Christian name ! In 
 what contempt must it be held by those heathen, when the profes- 
 sors of it cannot be believed?" 
 
 14th of Eleventh Month, First day. Moses Teta- 
 mie called in the morning at "Scull's," where some of 
 the Friends lodged, and gave them an account of the 
 "Walking Purchase," as narrated, to him by some of 
 the older Indians — 
 
 " In what manner they thought the land was agreed to be walked, 
 how far it was carried into execution in the first Proprietors' 
 
35 
 
 days, and the complaints the Indians had made, ever since the 
 walk in 1737. He likewise explained the meaning of a paragraph 
 in Teedyuscung's last speech, which seemed to be diversely under- 
 stood, by which it appeared, that if the Governor had not in so . 
 explicit a manner called upon the Indians to tell the true cause of 
 their uneasiness, they only should at present have wiped off the 
 blood and cleared the way, and left the adjustment of land affairs, 
 until next spring, when a greater number of Indians might be 
 present." Some thirty or forty Friends, assembled this day for 
 worship. C. Wilson and J. Hunt, had very acceptable service. 
 There were present, also, all the commissioners, some Indians, and 
 others. The Governor dined with Friends, at 'Vernon's,'' and in 
 the afternoon attended church, where Secretary Peters, preached on 
 arable of the unjust steward.' 
 
 " In the evening, some of our company, in conversation with 
 William Parson (the Proprietary's agent at Easton), were informed 
 by him of the particulars of Charles Brodhead's conduct, by which 
 the truth of Teedyuscung's remarks about him is confirmed. It 
 appears that the imprudence of the Minisink people, in sending him 
 to the Indians, his abusive conduct among them, and his perfidy in 
 afterwards secreting the messages they sent by him, for several 
 weeks, gave the Indians cause to apprehend this government had 
 determined to break with them. And it may not be easy yet to 
 convince them of the contrary, if they should hear, that the then 
 Governor, had rewarded him with a commission, which he still 
 bears. ' ' 
 
 "15th of Eleventh Month. This morning, Secretary Peters came 
 to the house where two of the trustees (*J. W. and A. J.) boarded, 
 and asked for the latter, who came to him, and he immediately, in 
 a confused manner, addressed him thus : — 
 
 " ' You took some minutes at the last conference.' A. J. replied 
 he had. The Secretary said, he wanted to see them. A. J. said 
 they were not with him, but they were at a house close by, 
 and he would fetch them. Peters replied, 'There is no occa- 
 sion, for you can tell me how you understood what Teedyuscung 
 said, respecting the English Government being greedy in the pur- 
 chase of lands from the Indians, for Mr. Thomson has got it, that 
 the Proprietaries were greedy in buying land, and had purchased of 
 
 * Probably Jeremiah Warder and Abel James. 
 
36 
 
 those who had no right to sell, which was Mr. Franklin's interpre- 
 tation, to blacken the Proprietors and support a party: that the 
 Proprietaries could not be charged therewith, nor indeed had Tee- 
 dyuscung said any such thing, and that the Proprietaries had always 
 been solicited by the Indians, to buy.' To which A. J. replied, 
 'That he had understood the Indians charged the Proprietaries, 
 as well as others, with unfairness, and that the Indians com- 
 plained of the Proprietaries, in particular, about the very lands we 
 were on, being part of the walking purchase;' The Secretary 
 again repeated, that it was well known, that the Proprietaries had 
 never been greedy of the purchase of land, nor did the Indians 
 complain upon that account, except of the people of the Province. 
 He was then informed that the people had not pretended a right to 
 purchase of the Indians, and that the Walking Purchase was par- 
 ticularly complained of. He admitted then, that the 'walk'' could 
 not be vindicated. ' The Proprietaries always despised it,' he said, 
 ' and it was unworthy of any government. ' He was then asked 
 why the Proprietaries held this land under the Walking Purchase. 
 To which he answered, ' They have paid several times for it. ' A 
 short time after this conversation, these two Trustees, with several 
 others, were in their chamber at an inn. Peters hurried up-stairs, 
 rudely opened the door of the room, and said, ' These practices 
 shall not be suffered. You shall be taken proper notice of. You 
 are putting things into the Indians' heads.' One Friend asked him, 
 civilly, to walk in. He said 'No,' shut the door, and hurried 
 down-stairs. They desired him to come back, and make good his 
 charge; that we were innocent of it. But he refused, and went off 
 in a great passion, upon which they followed him, and insisted upon 
 knowing which of them he intended to charge, as they told him 
 they were each ready to declare their innocence of saying anything 
 to the Indians to the prejudice of any person. He replied to two 
 of them, after some further conversation, saying, ' It is not you. It 
 is an affront to your good understandings, to take it to yourselves.' 
 They told him they were equally persuaded of the innocence of 
 every Friend there, and insisted upon his going with them to any 
 Friends he suspected, and have the matter cleared up. Upon 
 which they went together to the house hired by Friends, where he 
 met with Teedyuscung, his interpreter, and several Friends. They 
 told him, that Teedyuscung came to them to communicate his 
 uneasiness, on account of the several threats which had been 
 given them, and that he was apprehensive some of his people 
 
37 
 
 were gone, and more would go, by reason of the alarm occasioned 
 last night.* 
 
 "The Secretary now declared he was fully satisfied that the 
 Friends spoke truth, and that he had been misinformed. Thus his 
 being unwilling that the Indians should be asked the cause of their 
 uneasiness, and when they answered, his declining to minute what 
 they said, and now denying that which more than twenty persons 
 can readily prove they heard spoken by the interpreter ; these 
 actions appear to indicate a fixed purpose, at all adventures, to 
 confuse, misrepresent, and obstruct an honest, fair inquiry, in order 
 to an amicable adjustment of the difficulties. For to what purpose 
 can be the carping at one word? Is not the tenor of several para- 
 graphs of the Indian's speech, a continued complaint against the 
 unjust dealing of the Proprietaries and their agents ? None but the 
 Proprietors in this province have a right to buy land of the natives, 
 and against whom do the Indians complain, but against the pur- 
 chasers of land, unless we allow that they tacitly reflect on the As- 
 sembly, for consenting to a law confining the purchase of lands 
 solely to the Proprietaries, and not having a guarantee of just and 
 open dealing by them therein. There is indeed one complaint 
 against the people, — that they hinder the Indians from getting a 
 livelihood by hunting, this being their principal means of support, 
 the right of which, they have seldom relinquished. So common is 
 the practice of killing deer by people in the inner parts of the 
 Province, that it is said, even in the present unsettled state of 
 affairs, several wagons have been fitted out, and people come with 
 them from Bucks county, and journey towards Fort Allen, on pur- 
 pose to hunt, which is disagreeable to the Indians and dangerous 
 to themselves. But by this, and other imprudences, the Indians 
 have been driven from us, into the arms of the French. Another 
 grievance constantly complained of in former treaties, which has 
 alienated the Indians from us, is our suffering a set of banditti, 
 under the name of traders, to go among them, and after debauch- 
 ing them with rum and whisky, cheat them of their skins. With- 
 out redressing these grievances, treaties and presents will not avail. 
 
 * On the night before^ it had been rumored that a party of whites, intended to kill the Indians 
 while they were asleep, and the imprudence of some, led to apprehensions of mischief, so that the 
 Governor had ordered the camp to be doubly guarded, and all the boats near the town to be 
 secured, to prevent people coming from New Jersey, as they had threatened to do. Several 
 days before, a peddler was committed to jail, who had offered to furnish some of the soldiers with 
 knives, and to join them in cutting the throats of the Indians — he engaging to destroy Tee- 
 dyuscung. 
 
38 
 
 "While the writer is employed in these notes, the Secretary and 
 Commissioners, are disputing about what answer to make the In- 
 dians. The Secretary, it is said, is for taking no notice of com- 
 plaints about lands, or for postponing their consideration. The 
 Commissioners are for removing the cause immediately, if in our 
 power, by asking what will satisfy them, and doing it; so that if 
 they continue their hostilities, they will be left without excuse. 
 This is at last agreed upon. The Secretary meets Israel Pemberton 
 and professes much concern, for the unhappy difference occurring 
 this morning between himself and some Friends, when Israel Pem- 
 berton tells him that if he had said as much to him, it would not 
 have given the least offence ; shows him a part of the proposed 
 answer to the Indians, which he was taking from the Governor to 
 the Commissioners for review, before transcribing, and he is appa- 
 rently quite friendly. Soon after this, the conferences were opened. 
 The Governor spoke fully to the Indians, and informed them of 
 the presents provided for them. It was remarkable that in the 
 forepart of the Governor's speech this day, he attributed the 
 attitude of the Indians, to French influence. If the part insisted 
 on by the Commissioners had not been added, and notes been 
 preserved of the complaints, it might afterwards have been said, 
 that the Indians had no grievances against the Government about 
 lands." 
 
 As some Friends had arrived from different parts of 
 the country, a meeting of the Association was held in 
 the evening, to which they were invited. The transac- 
 tions of every day since the opening of the treaty, were 
 read, and after some time profitably spent in correct- 
 ing misapprehensions concerning the conduct and 
 views of members of the Association, and the import- 
 ance of being united in the prosecution of their work, 
 some Friends, "who had hitherto been backward," 
 decided to join the Association. 
 
 i6th of Eleventh Month. Teedyuscung this morning 
 returned his answer to the Governor, " by a metaphor 
 of planting and tending Indian corn." He desired 
 the removal of all obstructions to a durable peace, 
 
39 
 
 and said that as to the demand they should make for 
 satisfaction in the purchase of lands, it must be re- 
 ferred to a future treaty, as the long continuance of 
 frauds, had increased the damages, and many who were 
 concerned in these matters, were not present. He 
 urged, that Friends might have liberty to examine into 
 their complaints, and asked for a written copy, of the 
 minutes of the treaty. He asserted, that he had but 
 two prisoners in his power, but he might be able to 
 have more released with the assistance of the Gov- 
 ernor. He then presented the Governor with some 
 deerskins, who in turn, gave him the presents pre- 
 viously alluded to. The gifts provided by Friends, 
 were distributed separately. And Israel Pemberton 
 says : — 
 
 " It was a particular satisfaction to us to have them delivered in 
 this way, that it might plainly appear, we did not present them with 
 ammunition or anything of this kind, which we were charged with 
 doing at the former treaty, when to conceal the smallness of the 
 Provincial presents, ours were mixed with them, and delivered pro- 
 miscuously. ' ' 
 
 1 7th of Eleventh Month. This day the conferences 
 ended. " The Governor renewed his application about 
 the prisoners, and condoled with them, on the death of 
 several of their people, by the small-pox, at Philadel- 
 phia." (They had privately expressed their wonder, that 
 this allusion to their deceased brethren had been so 
 long omitted, which, according to their custom, would 
 have been an early part of their business, if any of 
 the whites had died among them.) Israel Pemberton 
 proposed the delivery of " several hundred pieces of 
 eight," to Teedyuscung, for the redemption of prisoners 
 in the hands of the Indians, but Weiser seemed doubtful 
 
40 
 
 of its propriety, and stated, that some Mohawks would 
 be intrusted with that service, whereupon Israel an- 
 nounced, the willingness of Friends to contribute 
 liberally, to this laudable purpose. 
 
 Six Trustees waited upon the Governor, to attest 
 their appreciation of his integrity and candor in these 
 public transactions, who acknowledged their kindness, 
 and expressed his gratification that Friends were 
 present during the treaty. The secretary (Peters), in 
 taking leave of Friends, hoped that any undue warmth 
 which he had shown might be forgiven, and " Conrad 
 Weiser, declared we had been of service in promoting 
 the public interest, and hoped we would banish from 
 our minds, all disagreeable thoughts concerning him." 
 
 " Teedyuscung, and most of his people, came down to the ferry- 
 house and dined with us ; before parting with Isaac Zane and 
 Israel Pemberton, he took them aside, and told them, that a few 
 days before, he found what was said to him went to his heart, and 
 brought tears into his eyes ; that he now found his heart affected in 
 the same manner, and his speaking being interrupted by a flood of 
 tears, after privately venting himself, he returned, and told them 
 that in the course of this business, he had endeavored to turn in his 
 mind, and look up to God for direction ; that when he was alone 
 in the woods and destitute of every other counsellor, he found by 
 doing so, he had the best direction ; that he hoped God would bless 
 our endeavors, and wanted Friends to remember him. He followed 
 us to the boat, and was so much affected, he could only by tears 
 manifest his respect, which, as it appeared to be the effect of a 
 Divine visitation to a savage barbarian, was a humbling scene, and 
 excited reverent and thankful sentiments, in the minds of those im- 
 mediately observing it." 
 
 Thus ends this interesting account of a memorable 
 treaty, which, as previously stated, was read before a 
 meeting of interested Friends, held 19th Eleventh 
 Month, 1756. The conferences with the Indians on 
 
41 
 
 that occasion, revealed to the Governor the important 
 fact, that they were smarting under the injustice prac- 
 ticed by Thomas and John Penn, or their authorized 
 agents, in the purchase of lands, and this open con- 
 fession on their part, was owing to the confidence they 
 felt, that Friends present, would endeavor to rectify the 
 wrong committed. The old love for William Penn, 
 burned anew in their breasts for " his children" (as all 
 the Quakers were called,) which, while it awakened 
 envy and suspicion in the minds of some officials, 
 nevertheless gave a status to the " Friendly Associa- 
 tion," whose aid had been so important. 
 
 On the 20th of Eleventh Month, the minutes of the 
 treaty at Easton, as prepared by Charles Thomson, 
 who was employed as a clerk, with the approval of the 
 Governor, were produced and read at a meeting of the 
 Association. It was — 
 
 " Agreed, that Israel Pemberton should write to Dr. John Fother- 
 gill, of London, informing him of our conduct and proceedings, 
 and send him a copy of these minutes. 
 
 "Agreed, that copies of all the deeds on record, for lands released 
 by the Indians to the Proprietaries, from the first settlement of this 
 Province, be obtained, and Israel Pemberton is appointed to apply 
 to the Master of the Rolls, for such as are in his office. 
 
 " S. P. Moore, Thomas Crosby, Daniel Williams, John Reynell, 
 Abel James, and Israel and James Pemberton, are desired to form 
 an essay of such rules as they may think necessary, &c., and they 
 agree to meet for that purpose on Second-day evening, next, at 5 
 o'clock. 
 
 "Adjourned to meet next Fourth-day evening, at 5 o'clock, at 
 the Schoolhouse. 
 
 "On the 24th Eleventh Month, most members of the committee 
 present. An essay of rules for regulating the trust, authority, and 
 duty of the Trustees and Treasurer, were now produced, read, con- 
 sidered, and recommitted, to be altered, explained, and amended. 
 Adjourned to meet on Seventh-day next, at 5 o'clock, in the School- 
 house. 
 
42 
 
 "On the 27tli Eleventh Month, eleven of the committee met, 
 and after considering sundry matters relative to the business under 
 our care, adjourned till next Second-day, at 5 o'clock in the 
 evening. 
 
 " On the 29th Eleventh Month, present all of both committees 
 but five. Accounts were now brought in of sundry subscriptions 
 lately made, and the names of subscribers, were added to the former 
 list. The original subscription paper, containing most of the sub- 
 scriptions, was now delivered to the Treasurer. Adjourned after 
 other conversation on our business till to-morrow eve, at five. 
 
 "On the 30th Eleventh Month, present fifteen Friends. A 
 further essay of the rules, was now produced and read. Agreed 
 that the following proposals be made to the General Meeting 
 to-morrow, viz.: — 
 
 " That the heads of the rules and articles, &c., only be agreed 
 to at present. 
 
 " That the reducing them to a proper form and order, to become 
 a public act, be afterwards perfected by the Trustees, and such of 
 the members of this Association as may be chosen to take a bopd 
 from the Trustees and Treasurer. 
 
 "That after the said heads, &c., are agreed on, the Trustees may 
 be chosen by ballot. That afterwards the persons be chosen to 
 whom the Trustees and Treasurer may give bonds. 
 
 " That lastly, the time of our next General Meeting be agreed 
 on. Adjourned. 
 
 "At a General Meeting of the contributors towards a fund for 
 regaining and preserving peace with the Indians, in Friends' Great 
 Meeting-house, in Philadelphia, the ist of Twelfth Month, 1756. 
 Present Anthony Morris, Jonathan Mifflin, Jeremiah Warder, John 
 Reynell, Abel James, Jeremiah Elfreth, Joshua Emlen, William 
 Fisher, Israel Pemberton, James Pemberton, Samuel Sansom, 
 Thomas Say, Owen Jones, S. Preston Moore, Samuel Rhoades, 
 Jacob Lewis, Richard Wistar, Thomas Crosby, Abram Dawes, 
 Daniel Williams, of the Committee. 
 
 "Mathew Aspden, Anthony Benezet, David Bacon, Davis Bas- 
 sett, William Brown, Jon'n Carraalt, John Cresson, William Clark, 
 William Callender, Isaac Cathrall, John Drinker, Jr., John Drinker, 
 Owen Evan, James Eddy, Benjamin Gibbs, Jr., Samuel Grisley, Isaac 
 Greenleafe, Thomas Hallowell, Benjamin Hooton, John Hallowell, 
 Joseph Hallowell, Joseph Jacob, Edward Jones, John Jones, mer- 
 chant, William Lightfoot, Samuel Lewis, John Lyn, Joseph Lownes, 
 
43 
 
 Joseph Harriot, Samuel Massey, Samuel Oldman, John Pem- 
 berton, Richard Parker, Joseph Richardson, Francis Richardson, 
 Henry Shute, James Stackhouse, James Stephens, John Test, Peter 
 Worrall, Robert Wain, Samuel Wetherill, Charles West, Jr., Isaac 
 Zane. 
 
 " From Chester county — James Bartram, John Jacobs, George 
 Miller, George Smedley, Nathan Taylor. 
 
 "From Germantown — Adam Gruber, Christopher Sower. 
 
 "From Towamensing — Caspar Krible, Christopher Shultz. 
 
 "From West Jersey — James Cooper, William Foster, James 
 Whiteall. 
 
 "After an account given by the committee, of their proceedings 
 soon after the late General Meeting, in applying to him* (their 
 address to him, and his answer in writing being read), of their 
 purchasing goods and sending them to Easton, and of their con- 
 duct there, the particulars of which are already entered in the 
 minutes of the Trustees, the minutes of the late treaty at Easton 
 were read, and afterwards the essay made by the committee of rules 
 and articles for the regular management of the affairs of our Asso- 
 ciation, and for regulating the trust, authority, and duty of the 
 Treasurer and Trustees, &c., was read. Then adjourned till 3 
 o'clock in the afternoon, 'to meet at the Schoolhouse and consider 
 the same." 
 
 At the afternoon meeting, there were present, in ad- 
 dition to the above, Joseph Baker, John Care, Joseph 
 Davis, Thomas Davis, Cadwalader Evans, David 
 Dishler, Solomon Fussell, Joshua Fisher, Benjamin 
 Mason, Joshua Pearson, Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., Joseph 
 Saul, William Savery, James Bartram, George Miller, 
 and Nathan Taylor, "besides several others from 
 different parts of the country, not members of our 
 society." 
 
 "The essay of the rules, &c., prepared by the committee, being 
 now again read and considered, agreed the term or name of our 
 society or company be " The Friendly Association for Regaining 
 and Preserving Peace with the Indians by Pacific Measures." 
 
 * The Governor. 
 
44 
 
 " Agreed, that the duty, &c., of the Treasurer be settled, pursuant 
 to the proposals of the committee. The following Trustees were 
 chosen by ballot, viz.: — Israel Pemberton, Jonathan Mifflin, Jere- 
 miah Warder, Isaac Zane, Abram Dawes, Benjamin Lightfoot, Abel 
 James, George Miller, James Pemberton, Thomas Say, William 
 Callender, Joseph Richardson, Owen Jones, Joseph Morris, 
 Richard Wistar, William Fisher. 
 
 "Agreed, that the duty, &c., of the Trustees, be regulated 
 agreeable to the proposals of the committee. 
 
 " Agreed, that the said Trustees, shall reduce the rules and articles 
 aforesaid to proper order, with a suitable preamble, to be con- 
 sidered at our next meeting. 
 
 "It is recommended to all such members of this Association who 
 can conveniently pay the sums they have respectively subscribed, 
 to do it speedily to the Treasurer, and others, to give their bonds 
 payable to him with interest, agreeable to the terms of their sub- 
 scription. 
 
 "Thomas Crosby, Jeremiah Elfreth, Samuel Preston Moore, 
 Charles Jones, Daniel Williams, Samuel Rhoades, Jacob Lewis, 
 Hugh Roberts, Peter Worrall, Isaac Greenleafe, John Armitt, 
 Joshua Emlen, Samuel Sansom, Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., David Bacon, 
 and Joshua Howell, are appointed to take the bonds from the 
 Trustees. 
 
 "Adjourned till 19th Fourth Month next, unless the Trustees 
 think proper to call a General Meeting sooner." 
 
 " At a General Meeting of the members of the Association for 
 Regaining and Preserving Peace with the Indians, the First day 
 of the Twelfth Month, 1756, the following articles or rules were 
 agreed on, viz. : — 
 
 "That the Treasurer of this Association, shall enter; into an obliga- 
 tion unto the Trustees, with one surety in double the Value that doth 
 or may probably come into his hands, during the continuation of 
 his office, conditioned that he will once in three months, or oftener 
 if required, render his account to the said Trustees, and well and 
 truly account, adjust, and settle with them, when required, for and 
 concerning all moneys that are or shall come into his hands be- 
 longing to the members of this Association, and pay all such sums 
 unto such person, or persons, or for such services as a board of 
 Trustees for the time being, shall order and appoint, and not other- 
 wise ; and that he will, at the expiration of his office, well and truly 
 deliver up and pay the balance of the money then remaining in his 
 
45 
 
 hands, together with the books of accounts concerning the same, 
 and all the bonds, papers, and writings, and all other effects and 
 matters in his keeping belonging to this Association, to his suc- 
 cessor in the said office, without any deduction, defalcation, or 
 abatement for, or on account of commissions or wages, for executing 
 the said trust ; and that he will faithfully do and execute, all other 
 things as Treasurer, to the members of this Association. And if the 
 present Treasurer, or any one hereafter chosen Treasurer, shall be 
 rendered incapable, or neglect his office or duty, the Trustees for the 
 time being, are hereby empowered to displace him from the said 
 office or trust, and the Trustees causing their Clerk to make a minute 
 for that purpose, explaining their reasons for displacing him, he 
 shall thereupon and thenceforth, cease to be Treasurer, and shall, 
 upon notice thereof, adjust and settle with the Trustees, and pay and 
 deliver the money, books, writings, accounts, and all other effects 
 whatsoever in his hands, belonging to this Association, to such 
 person or persons as the Trustees shall order or appoint ; and in that 
 case, and also if the Treasurer shall depart this life, the Trustees shall 
 nominate another member of this Association, but not of their own 
 number, to be Treasurer, until the next General Meeting of the 
 members of the Association. 
 
 " That the Trustees shall have the power of disposing of all 
 moneys paid by members to the Treasurer, for purchasing goods to be 
 presented to the Indians at the times of treaties with them, or at any 
 other time, when it shall be deemed necessary and conducive to the 
 public interest, and With the approval or consent of the Govern- 
 ment under which we live ; or for providing for the maintenance of 
 such Indian children as they may think proper to take under their 
 care, to educate in the principles of the Christian religion, and to 
 qualify them for interpreters, and in that, or some other station, to 
 become more serviceable to themselves and the Government. 
 
 " Likewise, that the said Trustees shall have power to call general 
 meetings, as often as they think necessary, and be enjoined to keep 
 minutes of all articles, rules, and agreements, as shall be agreed on 
 in such meetings, and take care that all such rules and orders be 
 duly observed and faithfully executed. And for the more orderly exe- 
 cution of their trust, the Trustees are to meet at least once a month, 
 and as much oftener as the business of the Association may require, 
 at such place, and on such day or days, as they may think most con- 
 venient, to examine and settle accounts with the Treasurer from 
 time to time, and to confer and conclude concerning the matters 
 
46 
 
 hereby committed to them ; and they shall cause fair minutes of their 
 proceedings, to be kept by their Clark, in a book provided for that 
 purpose. In every of which meetings of the Trustees, ten at least 
 shall be a quorum, capable to confer, &c., and whatsoever nine of 
 them shall agree and conclude upon, shall be deemed and taken 
 as the resolution of the Trustees for the time, and accordingly 
 entered in the minutes, to which minutes, and also to the Treas- 
 urer's accounts, all persons concerned, shall have free recourse at 
 all seasonable times. 
 
 " And for the more general satisfaction of all concerned, the 
 Trustees are enjoined, before any Indian treaty (if time will permit), 
 to call a General Meeting of all the members of the Association ; or 
 if any sixteen members subscribing to the amount of two hundred 
 pounds, shall at any other time desire a General Meeting, and notify 
 their desire in writing to the Trustees, they shall call one. 
 
 ' ' We likewise agree, that no person shall be chosen a Trustee unless 
 he be a member in unity with the people called Quakers, and hath 
 contributed at least ten pounds to the common fund of this Asso- 
 ciation ; and that no person shall be allowed to vote for Trustees at 
 the general meetings, who has not contributed at least forty shil- 
 lings. If any person chosen as Trustee, shall refuse or neglect to 
 act, or shall be absent from three successive monthly meetings of 
 the Trustees ; or if he shall be confined by sickness, or otherwise 
 be rendered incapable of discharging the trust, or shall die, the 
 rest of the Trustees shall proceed in their trust without him, or if 
 they think fit, shall nominate another, until the next ensuing elec- 
 tion, or other General Meeting. 
 
 " That the accounts of the Treasurer, and the tninutes of the said 
 Trustees, be settled, at the time of the annual election, or as much 
 oftener as is required by a General Meeting, and be submitted to 
 the examination of such committee, as ' the General Meeting may 
 appoint. 
 
 "The present Treasurer and Trustees, this day chosen to serve 
 until 19th of Fourth Month next, on which day, between the hours 
 of ten in the morning and four in the afternoon, at the Public- 
 schoolhouse in Philadelphia, a new choice to be made, and every 
 year after on the same day, of which the Trustees are to give gen- 
 eral notice, at least six days before. The Trustees are to give bond 
 to sixteen others of the subscribers, in such sum as the last men- 
 tioned sixteen may require, conditioned that they will well and 
 truly account for the disposition of all sums of money intrusted to 
 
47 
 
 them, and produce proper vouchers, to prove that no part has been 
 applied to their own use, but to the uses and purposes intended by 
 this Association. 
 
 "And lastly, that all money remaining in stock at the end of 
 ten years, if a peace be concluded and the services proposed by 
 this Association be answered, may be equally divided among the 
 contributors, in proportion to each of their subscriptions, unless at 
 the General Meeting it shall be otherwise ordered." 
 
 At a meeting of Trustees and Treasurer, held in the 
 Schoolhouse, 4th of Twelfth Month, 1756. 
 
 "By the minutes of the General Meeting of the members of the 
 Association, &c., now produced and read, it appears that on the 
 Second day of last month, John Reynell was chosen Treasurer, and 
 that on the first instant, the following sixteen Trustees were chosen 
 by ballot, viz.: — Israel Pemberton, Jonathan Mifflin, Jeremiah 
 Warder, Isaac Zane, Abram Dawes, Benjamin Lightfoot, Abel 
 James, George Miller, James Pemberton, Thomas Say, William 
 Callender, Joseph Richardson, Owen Jones, Joseph Morris, Rich- 
 ard Wistar, and William Fisher. And the Treasurer, and all the 
 Trustees except Benjamin Lightfoot, Joseph Morris, and William 
 Fisher, now attended, and unanimously agree to meet on the Third- 
 day of the first week in every month, at three o'clock in the after- 
 noon, and as much oftener as business may require ; and that every 
 member who lives in Town, and neglects to attend, shall pay a fine 
 of two shillings for being wholly absent from such meetings, or one 
 shilling for not attending punctually at the time appointed, which 
 is to be determined by the State-House clock, if it goes; if not, by 
 the watch of the oldest member present. And that the Clerk shall 
 send written notices of all occasional meetings, at least six hours 
 beforehand, to such Trustees who may not be present when such 
 meetings are agreed on. Jonathan Mifflin, Jeremiah Warder, 
 Isaac Zane, and Richard Wistar, with the Clerk, are desired to be 
 a committee for such lesser services, as may occur between our 
 monthly meetings, and if they judge at any time there is occasion 
 for calling all the Trustees together, they are desired to send written 
 notices to them signed by the Clerk. William Callender, Joseph 
 Richardson, Owen Jones, James and Israel Pemberton, with the 
 Treasurer, are appointed to get proper bonds drawn, one to be 
 
48 
 
 executed by the Treasurer, another by the Trustees, pursuant to the 
 rules of the last General Meeting ; and likewise to get the minutes 
 of the General Meeting, and of the former committee of Trustees, 
 revised, in order to be fairly entered in a book. Abel James, is 
 desired to act as Clerk of this Association, until the next election 
 of Trustees, and to collect all the accounts of money advanced, 
 or goods supplied, by any of the contributors, in order to make a 
 general adjustment of all accounts to the present time, that they 
 may be paid and discharged, as soon as the Treasurer receives 
 money sufficient for that purpose. 
 
 "Agreed that all the Trustees in Town meet again on Second- 
 day next, at four o'clock in the afternoon, at the Schoolhouse, of 
 which the Clerk is to give notice to the two Trustees who live in 
 Town and are not now present. ' ' 
 
 On the 6th of Twelfth Month, at a meeting of Trus- 
 tees, drafts of bonds were produced, which, after some 
 amendments, were approved, and the committee pre- 
 senting them, were authorized to get them transcribed 
 to be laid before the next meeting. 
 
 "In consideration of Moses Tatamy's services at the late treaty, 
 the standing committee are desired to give him the sum of five 
 pounds, as a token of our regard for him. 
 
 "Joseph Morris and William Fisher, are desired to prepare and 
 bring to our next meeting, essays of the three following drafts, 
 viz.: — 
 
 "An obligation for each of the contributors of this society to 
 execute, for the payment of their several subscriptions. 
 
 "A certificate for the Treasurer to sign and deliver each of those 
 who have given forty shillings or upwards, upon their giving the 
 aforesaid obligation, or paying the money they have subscribed, 
 that they have given such a sum and are members of this Associa- 
 tion. (See Appendix.) 
 
 "A proper subscription paper for future contributors to sign." 
 
 " 9th of Twelfth Month. The bonds to be signed by the Treas- 
 urer and Trustees, were read and approved. It was unanimously 
 agreed, that two thousand pounds should be the penalty attached 
 thereto. John Reynell, (Treasurer,) and John Pemberton, executed 
 the former. All the Trustees present executed the latter, and then 
 
49 
 
 it was left in the care of Alexander Seaton, one of the witnesses, 
 for the other five Trustees, (not present) to execute, and when done 
 to be put in the hands of John Armitt, the Clerk first copying it 
 with the Treasurer's bond on the minutes." (See Appendix.) 
 
 An essay of the three drafts previously alluded to, 
 were presented and read, and after amendments, ap- 
 proved. 
 
 "The Clerk is desired to copy them fair, and with Jonathan 
 Mifflin to have printed three hundred of the obligations, five 
 hundred of the certificates, apd one hundred of the subscription 
 papers, and deliver the same to the Treasurer. 
 
 "William Callender and William Fisher, are appointed a com- 
 mittee on accounts, until another is chosen, and are desired to 
 examine those already brought in, and report thereon. 
 
 "A considerable sum of money being already expended, and 
 many debts contracted in the business of this Association, which 
 ought to be discharged, it is now agreed that the Treasurer abate 
 the interest due, on such subscriptions as may be paid him on or 
 before the first day of next month. Adjourned." 
 
 13th of Twelfth Month. Agreed at this meeting, that "for the 
 future, each member leaving the meeting before the minutes are 
 read, and the time of adjournment agreed on, shall pay a fine of 
 one shilling. Adjourned." 
 
 20th of Twelfth Month. The Clerk reported that 
 the requisite number of obligations, certificates, and 
 subscription papers, had been printed and handed to 
 the Treasurer. 
 
 "The standing committee, acquainted the Trustees, that Joseph 
 Peepys desires we would take his wife's son, named James, aged 
 about seventeen years, and put him an apprentice to such place and 
 trade as we may approve, for four years, between this and next 
 spring ; the parents and the lad prefer a wheelwright trade. All 
 which, is to remain under the notice of this board ; and the stand- 
 ing committee is desired to put and keep him at school. Adjourned 
 to meet at Alexander Seaton's, on Sixth-day next, at five o'clotk in 
 the evening. ' ' 
 
so 
 
 "24th of Twelfth Month. Nine members present. The Clerk is 
 desired to notify Benjamin Lightfoot, that he is chosen a Trustee, 
 and that his attendance is desired. There not being members of 
 this board met, sufficient to proceed on business, we adjourned to 
 meet at our next monthly meeting. 
 
 This Christmas eve meeting of the Trustees of the 
 Friendly Association, ended their labors for 1756. 
 Several large sums of money are mentioned in the 
 book of minutes, as having been subscribed during 
 this year, but the writer has no data, from which the 
 precise amount" can now be ascertained. It is evident, 
 from papers in his possession, that active efforts were 
 made by members of the Association, to collect funds 
 from Friends throughout the limits of this Yearly 
 Meeting. 
 
 The following committees were appointed to canvass 
 the city : — 
 
 Jonathan Mifflin and Charles Jones, to call upon 
 Friends residing within the following limits : — " From 
 the North side of Chestnut street, to the South side of 
 High street." 
 
 Joseph Richardson and Joseph Morris, "from the 
 South side of Walnut street, to the South street." 
 
 John Reynell, Owen Jones, and James Pemberton, 
 " from the North side of Walnut, to the South side of 
 Chestnut street." 
 
 Jeremiah Elfreth, Joshua Emlen, Thomas Say, Samuel 
 Sansom, and Abel James, " from the North side of Arch 
 street, to the North Ward." 
 
 William Fisher, Jeremiah Warder, and Israel Pem- 
 berton, " from the North side of High street, to the 
 South side of Arch street." 
 
 The aggregate amount subscribed by GAvynedd 
 Friends this year, was one hundred and sixty-three 
 
SI 
 
 pounds sixteen shillings, the names of the thirty-seven 
 contributors, being as follows : — John Ambler, Joseph 
 Ambler, Sr., Joseph Ambler, Jr., Robert Davies, Abra- 
 ham Evans, Thomas Evans, Thomas Evans, Jr., Owen 
 Evans, John Edwards, Robert Edwards, Thomas 
 Foulke, William Foulke, John Forman, Hugh Griffith, 
 Amos Griffith, Edward Hughes, Ellis Hughes, Isaac 
 Jones, John Jones, Jesse Jones, Hugh Jones, Robert 
 Jones, Jacob Kastner, Abraham Lukens, Enos Lewis, 
 Garret Peters, Robert Roberts, Johrf Roberts, John 
 Roberts, Jr., Eldad Robets, Jonathan Robeson, Jr., 
 George Shoemaker, Richard Thomas, John Thomas, 
 John Williams, Daniel Williams, Abram Waggoner. 
 
 Providence monthly meeting, furnished one hundred 
 and seventeen pounds five shillings, distributed amongst 
 the following twenty-seven Friends : — James Bartram, 
 John Calvert, Cadwallader Evans, Robert Evans, John 
 Fairlamb, William Fell, Richard Gorman, John Heacock, 
 Henry Howard, Isaac Howell, George Miller, John 
 Minshall, Thomas Minshall, Robert Pennell, Samuel 
 Parks, James Pennell, William Pennell, Jr., George 
 Smedley, Joshua Smedley, James Sharpless, Samuel 
 Sharpless, Peter Taylor, Nathan Taylor, Jonathan Ver- 
 non, Moses Vernon, Philip Yarnall, Nathan Yarnall. 
 
 The following twenty-three Friends, from Richland 
 township, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, contributed one 
 hundred pounds and fifteen shillings : — Thomas Adam- 
 son, Robert Ashton, Thomas Blackledge, Jr., Joseph 
 Dennis, William Edwards, Samuel Foulke, Theophilus 
 Foulke, Thomas Foulke, John Foulke, William Heacock, 
 Lewis Lewis, Morris Morris, Robert Penrose, Thomas 
 Roberts, Abel Roberts, Edward Roberts, Nathan 
 Roberts, Richard Roberts, David Roberts, Samuel 
 Shaw, Edward Thomas, John Thomas, Thomas Thomas. 
 
52 
 
 Twenty-one Kennett Friends, under date of Seventh 
 Month 22d, 1 756, agree to pay to John Reynell, Treas- 
 urer, within twelve months, eighty-four pounds five 
 shilHngs. Their names are as follows : — Daniel Bailey, 
 Joel Bailey, Thomas Carleton, William Harvey, David 
 Heyes, Thomas Harlan, Amos Hope, Amos Harry, 
 Jacob Janney, Samuel Levis, Elizabeth Levis, William 
 Levis, Isaac Mendenhall, Benjamin Mendenhall, Ruth 
 Mendenhall, Ann Mendenhall, Daniel Nichols, Caleb 
 Peirce, Thomas Temple, James Wickersham, Jacob 
 Way. 
 
 The Association received aid, also, from the " Swing- 
 felders," as appears from the following subscription 
 paper : — 
 
 "It is the will of the within subscribers, that it may be known 
 that they are a few families of a dispersed people in Silesia, who 
 have always, under God's blessing, maintained themselves by the 
 labors of their hands only, and have been forced to leave their 
 estates behind in Silesia, on account of their confession, and who 
 have already here, partly suffered by the incursions of the Indians, in 
 relieving their poor distressed neighbors. Therefore, they hope that 
 their contribution, small as it is, will not be contempted, for it 
 may well be compared with the two mites which the poor widow in 
 Evangelio cast in, for they have cast in their living. Nevertheless, 
 they do it with cheerfulness, and delight to be assisting in the in- 
 tended salutary endeavors, as also they are ready to testify their 
 true loyalty to the King and Government to which they have sub- 
 mitted. 
 
 " Know all Men by these Presents, That whereas, some of the 
 principal members of the people called Quakers, within this Prov- 
 ince of Pennsylvania, do intend to raise a considerable sum of 
 money by way of a public and voluntary subscription, to lay a 
 fund in order to be thereby enabled to do some satisfaction to those 
 Indians who have already done terrible damage and disturbances 
 to the frontier inhabitants of this Province, and therewith if pos- 
 sible to procure a peace to this country ; and as the said members 
 have also communicated their said scheme to us, the hereunto 
 
S3 
 
 subscribers, as late emigrants of Silesia, and desired of us to assist 
 them in the above-mentioned purpose : — 
 
 " So know ye, therefore, that in consequence thereof, we, whose 
 names are hereunto subscribed, do, in the name of God, hereby 
 voluntarily, and of our own free-will and accord, promise to pay 
 and contribute to the above said fund, which is to be employed to 
 so salutary an end, consistent with the Gospel of our Saviour, and 
 with the Principles of the Doctrine we profess, every one of us, all 
 the respective sums of money as every one shall hereby promise and 
 subscribe, on or before the twenty-seventh day of November next 
 ensuing, after the date hereof, unto Caspar Kriebel and Christopher 
 Shultze, as this day by us chosen and appointed Trustees for the term 
 of two years from hence next ensuing, either in ready payment, or 
 in case of non-payment, every one of us shall be at liberty to keep 
 the principal sum in his hands, and to pay the interest for the same 
 after the said twenty-seventh day of November next. To the 
 true and punctual payment whereof, we do hereby oblidge and bind 
 our heirs, executors, and administrators, and every of us and them, 
 in the penalty of double the sum, as every one hereunto shall sub- 
 scribe, firmly by these presents. 
 
 " In witness and confirmation, and for the true performance 
 whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, together, with the re- 
 spective sums of money, as every one hereby promises to pay and 
 contribute, to the purpose above mentioned. 
 
 " Done at Lower Salford township, in the county of Philadel- 
 phia, on this thirteenth day of November, Annoque Domini 1756." 
 
 The following forty-three names are attached to this 
 document, and the aggregate amount of money sub- 
 scribed was two hundred and six pounds : — 
 
 George Anders, George Bribel, George Drescher, 
 Christopher Drescher, Ruides Estat, George Geydrich, 
 Balthaser Geydrich, Hans Christopher Gubner, George 
 Hoffman, Christopher Hubner, David Hubner, George 
 Hubner, Casper Heydricq, Melchior Hartranft, Christr. 
 Hoffman, Balthaser Hoffman, Christoper Jackel, Abra- 
 ham Jackel, Baltzer Jackel, Caspar Kribel, Balthazer 
 Krauss, Christoper Kribel, Melchor Kribel, Christoper 
 
54 
 
 Krause, Melchor Meister, Christoper Milpem, David 
 Meschter, Christr. Naumas, Christopher Reinwalt, 
 Christr. Reinhald, Melchior Scholtz, George Scholtz, 
 Gregorius Scholtz, David Scholtz, George Scholtz (2d), 
 Christopher Scholtz, Caspar Seibt, Johannes Tackel, 
 Christoper Tackel, Maria Tackerlen, Christopher Wag- 
 ner, Hans Wiegner, Melchior Wiegner. 
 
 There are no other subscription papers for the year 
 1756, in the possession of the writer; but that a large 
 amount of money was poured into the treasury of the 
 Association, from peace-loving people, there can be no 
 doubt. 
 
 From the "minute-book" it appears, that the first 
 meeting of Trustees of the Association in the year 1757, 
 was held on the fourth day of First Month, at the resi- 
 dence of Alexander Seaton ; present all the board but 
 two. The committee appointed to inquire into the 
 amounts due by the Association, made report, that there 
 was owing, four hundred and seventy-four pounds eight 
 shillings and six pence, principally to members of the 
 Association, who had made liberal advances during the 
 times of treaties, &c. Orders were drawn on the 
 Treasurer, for the payment of the several sums, " when 
 in cash." It was also ordered at this meeting, that the 
 Treasurer continue to receive contributors' subscrip- 
 tions " without interest, until the first of next month." 
 
 Captain George Croghan, deputy agent of Indian 
 affairs for the Northern District, was at this time in 
 Philadelphia, having been commissioned by General 
 Johnson (superintendent of Indian affairs), to visit the 
 Delawares and Shawnese, and inquire into the causes 
 of their alienation. This fact was announced at the 
 meeting of the Association, and four Friends were ap- 
 pointed to confer " with Captain Croghan, the Speaker 
 
55 
 
 of the Assembly, the Commissioners, or any others 
 concerned in the Government, that they may find 
 necessary, in order to demonstrate our readiness to 
 join in promoting so good a design, by contributing 
 our assistance, witli a sum of money or otherwise, as 
 occasion may require. Also, to apply to the Secretary 
 and the keepers of the other records, for any minutes of 
 the Governor and Council relative to Indian affairs, or 
 for copies of any Indian deeds, &c. Adjourned." 
 
 8th of First Month, 1757. At a meeting held this 
 date at A. Seaton's, the above committee reported, 
 that Croghan had the sanction of the Governor and 
 Assembly, to send messengers to the Indians on the 
 Ohio, and invite them to a conference; and they recom- 
 mend that the Association contribute funds towards 
 this object. Accordingly, Croghan was supplied with 
 one hundred pounds, and the Trustees "being informed 
 that the public treas2iry of this province is much ex- 
 hausted, it was agreed that out of the money now in 
 the hands of John Reynell, our Treasurer, there be 
 advanced and paid to Isaac Norris, Esq., Speaker of 
 the House of Assembly, one hundred pounds, to 
 defray the expenses which the Assembly have agreed 
 to pay towards sending messengers, &c. to the Shaw- 
 nees and Delaware Indians, living on the Susquehanna, 
 and the Treasurer is desired to take the receipt of the 
 Speaker, to be repaid when there may be cash in the 
 Provincial treasury." 
 
 At a meeting held on the i ith of First Month, at A. 
 Seaton's, Israel Pemberton read to the board, copies of 
 the following messages sent by Captain Croghan : — 
 
 "Brethren, the Delawares at Teoga, and on all the 
 BRANCHES OF Susquehanna :— Brother Teedyuscung, when I came 
 here from Sir William Johnson, your brother Onas told me you had 
 
56 
 
 promised him another meeting in the spring, in order to settle all 
 the differences subsisting between you and your brethren, the 
 English, and as your brother, Sir William Johnson, has ordered me 
 to assist at that meeting, and help to see matters reconciled, and 
 justice done you, I desire you, by this belt of wampum, in the 
 name of Sir William Johnson, your brother Onas, and the descend- 
 ants of the first settlers who came over with your ancient brother, 
 William Penn, to use your utmost endeavors to bring down all your 
 people, and as many of your uncles, the Six Nations, who live 
 among you, as will be necessary to accomplish this good work you 
 began at Easton ; and I promise you, in the name of Sir William 
 Johnson, whom the great King of England, your father and his 
 master, has ordered to take care of all the Indians in this part of 
 America, that I will see justice done you." [A belt. J 
 
 " To the Chiefs of the Shawnese, Nantkokes, and Six Nations: 
 
 "Brethren of Shawnese, Nanticokes, and Six Nations, 
 LIVING AT Otsaningo AND DiAHOGO : — I came here about a month 
 ago from Sir William Johnson, who is charged with the care of all 
 the Indians in this part of America, by the great King of England, 
 your father, and his master. On my arrival here, your brother 
 Onas, showed me a copy of the conference he had with you at 
 Easton, where I find you agreed to have another meeting in the 
 spring, in order to settle all difference subsisting between you and 
 your brethren, the English, and brighten the ancient chain of 
 friendship, which has lately contracted some rust. 
 
 "And as your brother, Sir William Johnson, sent me here to inquire 
 into the causes of the difference subsisting between you and your 
 brethren, the English, in these parts, I promise you, in his name, 
 that I will do everything in my power to settle the differences 
 between you, and see full satisfaction made you for any injustice you 
 have received ; and that this meeting may be the more general and 
 for the better settling all differences, I call a few of your chief men 
 to meet me at John Harris', to consult on measures for bringing to 
 this general meeting some of the chiefs of our brethren from Ohio, 
 in order once more to brighten the ancient chain of friendship. In 
 confirmation of which, I send you this belt of wampum in the 
 name of Sir William Johnson, your brother Onas, and the de- 
 scendants of the first settlers, who came here with your ancient 
 brother William Penn, with whom you begun this good work at 
 Easton this fall past. " [A belt.] 
 
57 
 
 A message of similar import was to be forwarded 
 by messengers from Conestogo, to the Indians in the 
 vicinity of Venango. No further business appearing, 
 Friends adjourned. 
 
 At a meeting held at A. Seaton's, on the 25th of First 
 Month— 
 
 "Israel Pemberton and William Callender, two of the com- 
 mittee appointed on the 4th instant, to apply to Richard Peters, 
 Secretary, and the other keepers of the records of this Province, 
 now report, that they had obtained from the Master of the Rolls 
 copies of several deeds ; and that they applied to the said Secretary 
 on the 20th instant, for liberty to search and copy any minutes of 
 the Governor and Council of this Province relative to Indian 
 affairs, which application the Secretary desired they would commit 
 to writing, which was accordingly done on the 21st instant, and 
 is as follows : — 
 
 " ' Philadelphia, 21st of First Month, 1757. 
 
 " ' Friend Peters : — Pursuant to thy proposal, we now repeat in 
 writing what we yesterday desired, which is that we may have the 
 opportunity of searching the minutes of the Governor and Council, 
 to satisfy ourselves and our friends, by whom we are deputed, of 
 the true state of the Indian claims on the lands in this Province. 
 
 " ' Our engagement in this inquiry, is with the view of promoting 
 an amicable settlement of these matters, which we are desirous may 
 be done in a manner conducive of the interest of the Proprie- 
 taries, as well as ourselves and fellow-subjects, in order to which we 
 have raised a considerable fund, which we shall cheerfully contrib- 
 ute towards this purpose, if we are not prevented by those whose 
 duty and interest, should engage them to promote this design. An 
 apprehension of the difficulties which may probably arise between 
 the Proprietaries and the representatives of the people, in adjusting 
 the quotas of expense which will attend a final settlement with the 
 Indians, hath induced us to be prepared to contribute thereto, in 
 order speedily to regain their friendship and that good understanding 
 which hath unhappily been interrupted ; and as we find, by the 
 express terms of our original deed, the Proprietaries are obliged to 
 clear the lands of all titles, claims, or demands of the natives, we 
 apprehend we have a right to be satisfied whether and how this hath 
 
S8 
 
 been done, and, if we can, at the next treaty inform the Indians 
 that agreeable to their desires at the last, we have had full oppor- 
 tunity of searching into the grounds of their complaints, and that 
 we find they are under misapprehensions therein (which we have 
 reason to believe is the case in some particulars), we are in hopes 
 of being instrumental to engage them the more readily to comply 
 with such measures as may be then proposed, for an amicable settle- 
 ment of all differences between them and this Government, which 
 is what we sincerely desire. 
 
 " ' We are thy friends, 
 
 " ' WILLIAM CALLENDER, 
 " ' ISRAEL PEMBERTON. 
 " 'To Richard Peters, Secretary of the Province of Pennsyl- 
 vania.' " 
 
 To which the Secretary sent the following answer : — 
 
 "Gentlemen: — I laid your application with regard to the in- 
 spection of the council books, before his honor, the Governor, and 
 in answer thereto, I am commanded to acquaint you, that as 
 these books contain the most important affairs of government, 
 many of which require the greatest secrecy, he cannot allow the 
 perusal of them, to any but those concerned in the administration; 
 and further, that he looks upon the transacting of business with the 
 Indians in this Province, to be a matter so entirely pertaining to 
 himself, that he cannot permit any but such as are immediately 
 empowered by the King's authority, or by his own, to treat with 
 or intermeddle in the affairs of that people. Nevertheless, if it be 
 conceived that anything is contained in them inutes of Council, 
 that does or may concern the right, or property of any person what 
 soever, such person, by a proper application, and by particularly 
 pointing it out, may be furnished with a copy of it. I am, gentle- 
 men, your most humble servant, 
 
 " RICHARD PETERS. 
 
 "To Mr. William Callender and Mr. Israel Pemberton." 
 
 The committee also reported, that upon the receipt 
 of this answer, they told the Secretary they had no wish 
 to inspect the minutes of modern date, but only those, 
 pertaining to matters long since transpired. After 
 
59 
 
 some consideration, the committee was continued, and 
 they were urged to " acquaint the Speaker of the As- 
 sembly, and any other members or other persons con- 
 cerned in the Government, with our proceedings herein, 
 and report thereon to our next meeting." Then ad- 
 journed. 
 
 On the 2d of Second Month, the Trustees — all except 
 five — met at , Alexander Seaton's, when the propriety 
 of publishing the minutes of the late treaties, &c. was 
 considered, as a desire therefor had been expressed 
 by some of the contributors. A committee was ap- 
 pointed to "get the minutes ready for the press, and to 
 ascertain the cost of printing, unless, upon consulta- 
 tion with the Speaker of Assembly, the project should 
 be disapproved by him, or others in authority, or that 
 said minutes are to be printed by order of the Gover- 
 nor." Adjourned. 
 
 On the 8th of Second Month, the committee reported 
 tliat the " House " have ordered " the minutes to be 
 forthwith printed for the public good." The need of 
 cash " to answer the demands upon the Treasurer " 
 being discussed, he was "authorized to continue to 
 receive any subscriptions paid him, on or before the 
 1st of Fourth Month next ensuing, without interest." 
 
 2 2d of Second Month. There being no quorum 
 present, the meeting adjourned. 
 
 I St of Third Month. At a meeting held this day, it 
 was announced that another treaty with the Indians 
 was contemplated, and a committee of five was ap- 
 pointed to make out a list of goods most suitable to 
 be presented to the natives, and to inquire the cost of 
 them. No further business. 
 
 On the 8th of Third Month, the committee presented 
 to the meeting a list of goods, and were continued. 
 
6o 
 
 15th of Third Month. The committee on accounts 
 reported, that there was due to sundry members of the 
 Association, for advances made, the sum of two hun- 
 dred and thirty-two pounds nine shillings half-penny, 
 and orders were drawn on the Treasurer, for one hun- 
 dred and seventy-two pounds nine shillings half-penny, 
 in part payment of the same. 
 
 A committee was appointed " to get an estimate of 
 the cost of a parcel of silver medals, suitable to be pre- 
 sented to the Indians, and report the devices proposed, 
 with the different expenses of each kind, at our next 
 meeting ; also, the cost of a number of silver arm- 
 plates, wrist bands, &c." 
 
 2 2d of Third Month. The committee on medals 
 produced a device which was approved, and they were 
 continued. 
 
 "At an occasional meeting of most of the Trustees and Treasurer, 
 on the 17th instant, it being notified that the Earl of Louden, 
 Commander-in-Chief of the King's forces in America, since his 
 coming to this city, had, in conversation with Richard Wistar, sig- 
 nified he had been informed of Friends being concerned in meas- 
 ures taken for restoring peace with the Indians ; and it appearing 
 that some part of our conduct therein had been misrepresented to 
 him, Richard Wistar, Israel Pemberton, William Callander, and 
 Owen Jones were then desired to wait upon him. They now report, 
 they have have had the opportunity of a full and free conference 
 with him, which they apprehend tended to his satisfaction, having 
 truly informed him of our past conduct, and our further intentions as 
 an Association. They also delivered him copies of our articles, and 
 several papers respecting our proceedings, and as we are now in- 
 formed there is a large number of Indians come within the settled 
 parts of Lancaster county, and a treaty is soon to be held under 
 the direction of Captain Croghan, Jeremiah Warder and Israel 
 Pemberton, are appointed to confer with him on the occasion, and 
 when they find it necessary, to call a meeting of all the Trustees 
 and Treasurer." Then adjourned. 
 
6i 
 
 On the 29th of 3d Month, no quorum being present, 
 the meeting adjourned. 
 
 On the 15th of 4th Month, present at A. Seaton's 
 all the Trustees except four. 
 
 "A memorandum of the last words of Captain Newcastle, 
 (lately deceased) was brought to this board by Isaac Zane, and is 
 as follows : — 
 
 " ' My good Friend and brother Governor : — My two cousins 
 shall have that fifty pounds given them, when I am dead. Betty 
 shall live with Isaac Zane so long as she lives, and the boy with 
 Joseph Peepy, and he must be good to him. My wife must go to 
 her friends, from whence she came. All my friends must be kind 
 to that woman ; (pointing to a Mohawk woman). I must be buried 
 with my friends, the Quakers, when I am dead. 
 
 " ' These words wrote by John Hill, joiner, November 4th,i756.' 
 
 " We hear, the sum of fifty pounds before mentioned, was 
 claimed by Captain Newcastle for services done this Province, and 
 our present Governor, William Denny, Esq., having given expec- 
 tation of the payment thereof in behalf of this Government ; — 
 
 " Therefore, Jonathan MiiHin, Israel Pemberton, and Isaac Zane, 
 are desired to use their endeavors to secure the payment of said 
 sum, and place it out at interest for the benefit of the said Captain 
 Newcastle's surviving niece." 
 
 The Treasurer was authorized to receive sub- 
 scriptions without interest, until the 19th instant. 
 
 " George Croghan having applied to Israel Pemberton, for the 
 sum of one hundred and fifty pounds, upon his draft on General 
 Johnson (superintendent of Indian affairs), to defray the charge 
 of bringing in and supplying a number of Indians who are come 
 into Lancaster county, in consequence of the messages sent them 
 last fall and winter, to hold a treaty for peace with the Govern- 
 ment, and it not being convenient to call a meeting of the Trustees 
 aforesaid, the money being immediately wanted, said Israel Pember- 
 ton furnished him with it, on his draft on General Johnson, which 
 this board approves of, as it may answer a good purpose in promot- 
 ing the work of peace. 
 
62 
 
 "Therefore, the Trustees unanimously agree, that the Treasurer do 
 pay Israel Pemberton the said sum of one hundred and fifty pounds, 
 and an order is accordingly drawn, dated this day, on the Treasurer 
 in favor of Israel Pemberton, and when the draft is paid, Israel 
 Pemberton is to repay the same to our Treasurer. 
 
 "Israel Pemberton produced his account of sundry disburse- 
 ments for this Association, which was referred to the committee on 
 accounts. Then adjourned." 
 
 At a meeting on the 8th of Fourth Month, several 
 letters were read from George Croghan, dated Lan- 
 caster, containing information as to the number of 
 Indians there assembled, &c., which led to the 
 appointment of a committee "to wait upon the Com- 
 missioners and learn what provision they are making 
 for clothing the Indians lately arrived at Lancaster, 
 and for the presents, against the treaty, &c., and 
 to offer our assistance, if it appears to be necessary." 
 Adjourned. ^ 
 
 1 2th of Fourth Month. Isaac Zane produced his 
 account of disbursements, which was referred to the 
 appropriate committee. The Clerk was desired to 
 copy all the accounts " in the order they were brought 
 in, in a book for the inspection of contributors, and he 
 and Israel Pemberton are to collect and revise the late 
 minutes of the Association, and- copy them fair." The 
 Friends selected to wait upon the Commissioners, re- 
 ported that " they are making provision against the 
 treaty, by order of the Assembly." Adjourned. 
 
 15th of Fourth Month. Sundry accounts were pre- 
 sented and referred. The Clerk reported that notices 
 had been sent to country contributors, and the Trustees 
 agreed to notify those in the city, " to meet on Third- 
 day next, to make a new choice of Treasurer and 
 
63 
 
 Trustees." "Adjourned till 5 o'clock next Second- 
 day evening."* 
 
 1 8th of Fourth Month. The committee on accounts, 
 reported the indebtedness of the Association to be 
 two hundred and ninety-nine pounds ten pence half- 
 penny, and orders were drawn on the Treasurer for the 
 said sum. 
 
 Joseph Richardson, Thomas Say, and Israel Pem- 
 berton were appointed " to make a general state of the 
 accounts of the Association, to be laid before the 
 General meeting to-morrow." 
 
 1 9th Fourth Month. The above committee presented 
 to the Trustees "an essay of the state of accounts." 
 
 " John Reynell's account for a piece of stroud, furnished at last 
 treaty, at nine pounds ten shillings, and Joseph Richardson, silver- 
 smith's account for ten pounds nineteen shiUings, were examined, 
 approved, and ordered to be paid." 
 
 The committee appointed to examine the Treasurer's 
 account, report viz. : — 
 
 "We, the subscribers, pursuant to the appointment of the board 
 of Trustees of the Friendly Association, &c., having examined the 
 accounts of John Reynell, Treasurer, do find that he has received 
 from sundry members of the said Association, the sum of one 
 thousand three hundred and eight pounds eighteen shillings and 
 one pence, and that he has paid by order of the said Trustees, the 
 sum of eight hundred and eighty-eight pounds six pence half-penny, 
 so that there remains in the hands of the said Treasurer, four hun- 
 dred and twenty pounds eight shillings and six pence half-penny. 
 
 * It is not within the limits of a paper like this, to give a detailed statement of the rise and 
 workings of a similar society in a neighboring State, Suffice it to say, that on the i6th of Fourth 
 Month, 1757, the " New Jersey Association for helping the Indians " was organized. The mem- 
 bers and contributions were as follows : — Daniel Smith £zc, Samuel Smith £20, John Smith £50, 
 Joshua Raper ;£6, Joseph Noble ;£5 8s., William Heulings ,£5, Elizabeth Smith ;5i6, Richard 
 Smith ;^5, Thomas WetheriU £^, William Hartshorne £3, Jonathan Smith £j, John Hoskins 
 £1, Hannah Hartshorne £^ gs, Daniel Smith, Jr. £s, Scamon Rodman £s, Samuel Rodman 
 £s, Patience Clews £1, John Woolman £6, Edward Cathral £s 8s. Total, ;£i7i 5s. The above 
 association was only in existence a very brief time. 
 
64 
 
 this nineteenth day of the Fourth Month, 1757. We likewise find, 
 
 there have been sundry orders drawn by the said Trustees on the said 
 
 Treasurer, and not yet paid by him, amounting to four hundred and 
 
 twenty-seven pounds nineteen shillings and ten pence. 
 
 " Witness our hands. „ „^^^ 
 
 " ISRAEL PEMBERTON, 
 
 "THOMAS SAY, 
 
 "JOSEPH RICHARDSON." 
 
 "The general state of the accounts of the Association, being 
 prepared by the committee appointed to that service, was this day 
 laid before the General Meeting of the members of the Association." 
 
 "At a General meeting of the members of the 
 Friendly Association, &c., this nineteenth day of the 
 Fourth Month, 1757, in the Schoolhouse." Present 
 twenty-three Friends. A committee of nine, was ap- 
 pointed to examine the accounts of the Association 
 as presented by the Trustees. Then adjourned until 2 
 o'clock in the afternoon. 
 
 P. M., near the time appointed, fifty-eight Friends 
 met. The committee on accounts reported them cor- 
 rect, and further say, "there is in the hands of Jeremiah 
 Warder, a parcel of goods remaining of the presents 
 provided for the last treaty, belonging to this Asso- 
 ciation, amounting, as per list annexed, to about two 
 hundred and forty pounds." 
 
 The minutes of the Trustees, since the last General 
 Meeting, were read and approved. 
 
 " The Trustees observing that in the articles agreed on at the last 
 General Meeting, their power of disposing of the stock of this Asso- 
 ciation is not so clearly expressed, but that some doubt may arise 
 concerning the same ; therefore, it is now unanimously agreed that 
 the Trustees should have power, not only to purchase goods for 
 the Indians at treaties and for defraying the expenses of such 
 Indian children as they may educate and take under their care, but 
 likewise in any other manner, to advocate and promote the purpose 
 of our Association, as they may apprehend circumstances may 
 from time to time require. ' ' 
 
6s 
 
 An election was then held, which resulted in retain- 
 ing the same Treasurer and all the former Trustees, 
 except Benjamin Lightfoot ; Peter Worrall, being sub- 
 stituted for him. 
 
 "A committee was chosen to take an obligation from each of the 
 Trustees, in the sum of two hundred pounds (the amount now agreed 
 upon), pursuant to the articles of the Association, &c., and the 
 Trustees, obligees, and Treasurer, agreed to meet together on Fifth 
 day next, at five o'clock in the afternoon, in the Schoolhouse, in 
 order to execute the bonds, and proceed on business. 
 
 " The consideration of the value of the presents designed for 
 the Indians, at the treaties to be held with them in a short time, is 
 referred to the determination of the Trustees and TreasurA now 
 chosen, as it cannot certainly be known what will be expedient to 
 be done therein, until all the Indians who are expected, come in, 
 and the time and place for the treaty be fixed. 
 
 " The General meeting then adjourned." 
 
 2 1 St of Fourth Month. The Trustees, obligees, and 
 Treasurer, met pursuant to adjournment. The latter 
 issued an obligation to the former, in the penalty of 
 two thousand pounds, for the faithful performance of 
 his trust, &c., and all the Trustees executed a paper to 
 the obligees chosen for similar reasons, agreeable to 
 the rules of the Association. 
 
 It was unanimously agreed to meet on the Third day 
 of the first week in every month, at three o'clock in 
 the afternoon, or more frequentiy, if, in the opinion of 
 the Clerk and three Trustees, it shall be deemed neces- 
 sary. A committee was appointed to revise the min- 
 utes of former meetings, and to compare the originals 
 with the copies entered in the book. Adjourned. 
 
 26th of Fourth Month. Abel James was chosen 
 Clerk. It was agreed to meet at five o'clock on Third- 
 day afternoon of each week, " till after the conclusion of 
 
66 
 
 the next Indian treaty, and that the Clerk shall give 
 notice of all occasional meetings, at least four hours 
 before the time fixed for meeting, to such of the Trus- 
 tees who may not be present when such rheetings are 
 agreed on. And that every Trustee wholly absent 
 from our meetings, shall pay a fine of two shillings, 
 and for not attending in time, one shilling ; the time 
 to be determined by Thomas Stretch's standard clock. 
 Jonathan Mififlin is desired to collect the fines. And it 
 is likewise agreed, that any person leaving the company 
 before the business is finished and the minutes are 
 read,, without the leave of the board, shall be fined one 
 shilling." 
 
 An occasional meeting was held on the 2d of Fifth 
 Month. " Joseph Morris, Thomas Say, Peter Worrall, 
 Jeremiah Warder, and Richard Wistar, are desired to 
 collect sundry goods now agreed on, and the list 
 thereof delivered them, and hire a wagon to carry 
 them to Lancaster." 
 
 Here several blank pages occur in the minute-book, 
 to be filled, no doubt, with an account of the conference 
 at Lancaster, which the Clerk omitted to transcribe.* 
 This treaty was not productive of much good. Gen- 
 eral Johnson had sent a delegation, numbering about 
 one hundred and fifty, from the Six Nations. They met 
 at Lancaster, on the 27th of Third Month, and there 
 awaited the arrival of Teedyuscung and some Seneca 
 Indians. But a month passed, and the expected In- 
 dians not arriving, Croghan sent messengers to Phila- 
 delphia, inviting the Governor to come up, and on the 
 9th of Fifth Month he reached Lancaster. It is not now 
 
 * I find, from some other minutes in my possession, that all the Trustees and the Treasurer 
 attended the treaty at Lancaster, " except Abel James, who was debarred at home by the indis- 
 position of his family." 
 
67 
 
 known, what members of the Friendly Association ac- 
 companied him. On the 1 2th, he had a meeting with 
 the Six Nations, when he asked their chief what he 
 could do to promote peace with the Delawares, who 
 had, until a recent date, been dependent upon the Six 
 Nations, but now avowed that they would no longer 
 have any but the Senecas, as their " Uncles and Supe- 
 riors." The chief replied, that the Governor had 
 better send to the Senecas and Delawares and ask 
 them. Croghan insisted, however, that those assem- 
 bled should state what they knew about the alleged 
 frauds upon the Delawares or any other Indians, that 
 he might apprise King George of the facts, and have 
 matters adjusted, and urged upon them, if they failed 
 herein, he (Croghan) would consider all such com- 
 plaints, groundless. 
 
 The chief then stated, that the Delawares were 
 aggrieved, first, because "one of their chiefs had 
 been hanged in Jersey, for the accidental killing of a 
 white man ; second, because a Shawnese warrior had 
 died during imprisonment in Carolina ; third, because 
 both Shawnese and Delawares had been cheated out 
 of their lands ; and fourth, because while the French 
 settled among them, but received their provisions from 
 over the water, the English settled and then planted 
 among them, without remuneration, and as a matter of 
 
 right." 
 
 They urged, however, a treaty with the Senecas and 
 Delawares, as the most aggrieved parties. Accord- 
 ingly, the Governor sent a messenger to Teedyuscung, 
 informing him of what had passed at Lancaster, and 
 requesting him to bring some Seneca chiefs to Easton 
 at an early day, and promising that satisfaction would 
 be rendered the Delawares, if it could be clearly 
 
68 
 
 proven, that they had been defrauded. In the Seventh 
 Month following, Teedyuscung, accompanied by some 
 Seneca and Six Nation chiefs, &c., in all about three 
 hundred Indians, arrived at the place designated. 
 What occurred on that occasion, will be described in 
 its proper place. 
 
 The next meeting- of the Trustees and Treasurer 
 of the Friendly Association, took place on the 7th of 
 Sixth Month, 1757. The Treasurer was authorized to 
 receive subscriptions to the funds without interest, 
 until the 5th of Eighth Month. A committee to collect 
 and examine accounts was appointed, and the meeting 
 adjourned. 
 
 5th of Seventh Month. Trustees again met. The 
 account of Joseph Richardson, (silversmith) was pre- 
 sented and referred to the appropriate committee. 
 
 "Israel Pemberton produced a letter from Timothy Horsefield, at 
 Bethlehem, dated yesterday, advising that the bearer was an express 
 to the Governor, with letters from Colonel Weiser, stating that 
 Teed)mscung was coming, who had sent a messenger to Fort Allen 
 with a belt of wampum, to notify that he would be at the fort on 
 the 5 th inst., and at Easton on the 13th. Therefore Israel Pem- 
 berton, Jeremiah Warder, William Callender, William Fisher, and 
 Joseph Morris are appointed a committee to confer with the 
 Speaker of the House of Assembly and the Commissioners, respect- 
 ing the approaching treaty, and likewise to make the necessary 
 provision for a suitable present from this Association to Teedyus- 
 cung and the Indians who may come with him, and speak with 
 them about sending up the Indians now in town, to meet Teedyus- 
 cung, particularly Philip, the Indian mentioned at the treaty last 
 fall, as being then confined in the Jerseys from his wife and 
 family. 
 
 "An abridgment of Samuel Hopkins' historical memoirs, relating 
 to the Housantonick Indians, having been made by Charles Thom- 
 son, and lately read at a meeting of the board, the publication of 
 which it is thought may be of service, therefore, Israel Pemberton, 
 
69 
 
 William Callender, and Owen Jones, are desired to treat about 
 printing it, and to engage to take such a number of copies, as they 
 may find necessary to encourage the immediate publication of it. 
 
 "Israel Pemberton now acquaints us, that General Johnson has 
 paid into the hands of Samuel Burling, the sum of one hundred and 
 fifty pounds lent George Croghan before the Lancaster treaty, and 
 that said Samuel Burling, has, by order of Israel Pemberton, pur- 
 chased some goods suitable for Indians, not to be procured here, 
 amounting to more than one hundred and fifty pounds ; therefore 
 the appropriate committee is desired to inspect the account thereof, 
 that the Treasurer may pay the balance." 
 
 9th of Seventh Month. The committee on accounts, 
 reported that Joseph Richardson's bill for silver medals, 
 &c., amounted to one hundred and thirty-two pounds 
 eleven shillings and six pence, which the meeting 
 ordered the Treasurer to pay. 
 
 "nth of Seventh Month. The committee appointed to wait 
 upon the Speaker of the House of Assembly and the Commissioners, 
 report, that this day they waited upon the latter (the Speaker not 
 being in town), and being informed that the Governor intended to 
 set off very soon for Easton, to attend the treaty, they had likewise 
 waited upon the Governor, to know when the treaty was likely to 
 begin more certainly, and to desire the continuance of his appro- 
 bation of our attendance as heretofore, with such a present to 
 the Indians as we might offer, to be delivered by him in our 
 behalf, upon which he gave the committee the following answer in 
 writing : — 
 
 "Gentlemen: — The Proprietaries have acquainted me, that the 
 Earl of Halifax has communicated to them, with very strong ex- 
 pressions of dissatisfaction, a treaty held with the Indians at Phila- 
 delphia, by the people called Quakers, which his Lordship was 
 pleased to think the most extraordinary procedure, he had ever seen 
 in persons who are on the same footing only, with all others of the 
 King's private subjects, to presume to treat with Foreign Princes ; 
 and further, that as the suffering any one part of the King's subjects, 
 whether of a different profession of religion, or however else dis- 
 tinguished, to treat, or act as mediators between a Province in which 
 they live, and any independent people, is the highest invasion of 
 
JO 
 
 his Majesty's Prerogative Royal, and of the worst consequence, as it 
 must tend to divide the King's subjects into different parties and 
 interests ; and by how much more these or any other body of people 
 are suffered to attach the Indians to their own particular interest, 
 by so much less, must their regard to people of other professions be. 
 The Proprietaries, therefore, have directed me not to suffer these 
 people or any other body or particular Society in Pennsylvania, to 
 concern themselves in any treaty with the Indians, or on any pretense 
 to suffer presents from such persons to be given to the Indians, or 
 to be joined with the public present at any such treaty. These 
 directions I shall conform to, and my regard for you, as well as Mr. 
 Penn's instructions, leads me to observe, it would be prudent in you 
 to decline going in a body, your attendance at treaties as a distinct 
 Society, having given great offence to the ministry. 
 
 "July nth, 1757. "WILLIAM DENNY." 
 
 The committee then assured the Governor, that the 
 charges contained in this letter, must have arisen from 
 misrepresentations of the conduct of Friends, and an 
 impartial inquiry, would satisfy him that they were 
 unjust. 
 
 The meeting requested the committee, to prepare a 
 "memorial or address" to be presented to the Gov- 
 ernor, giving a true account of the design of the Asso- 
 ciation, and of the conduct of its members at treaties, 
 to be brought to the next meeting. Adjourned. 
 
 On the 13th of Seventh Month, the committee pro- 
 duced their address, which was deliberated upon, and, 
 with some amendments, unanimously agreed to by the 
 members present. The clerk was authorized to sign 
 it on behalf of the board, and to accompany those who 
 prepared it, and to present it to the Governor. 
 
 The address, which is a long and able document, is 
 published in " Hazard's Register," vol. v., page 363. 
 It sets forth, by way of preface, the melancholy condi- 
 tion of the Province, owing largely to the alienation of 
 
71 
 
 hitherto friendly Indians, and of the desire Friends had, 
 as loyal, peace-loving subjects, to assist in the restora- 
 tion of friendship and peace. The Governor is re- 
 minded, that Friends at first took no very active part 
 in these matters, which belonged to those concerned 
 in the administration of the government, but, never- 
 theless, printed in the " Gazette," some reasons which 
 contributed to this unhappy rupture, that public atten- 
 tion might be directed thereto ; and, moreover, they 
 urged upon the Assembly repeatedly, to " use every 
 rational method" to ascertain why, and wherein the 
 Indians were aggrieved ; but say they, the Assembly, 
 declined this advice, and made appropriations for the 
 erection of forts on the frontiers, and for military pur- 
 poses, in the hope thereby to defend the settlers, but 
 in fact to increase the general desolation and distress ; 
 and when Governor Morris declared war. Friends 
 urged him to reconsider it, and offered to surrender 
 "a much larger part of their estates than the heaviest 
 taxes of a war could be expected to require," if thereby 
 the peaceful purposes of the Association, might be 
 carried out. They then reiterate the history of their 
 labors at treaties, and lay before the Governor, in 
 general terms, much of what has been previously nar- 
 rated in detail, dwelling particularly upon the fact that 
 hostilities ceased temporarily, when the Indians were 
 informed that there was a willingness on the part of 
 the government, to hear and remedy their grievances ; 
 and that Teedyuscung declined to enter upon business, 
 unless the Quakers were permitted to be present at 
 the Easton treaty. 
 
 Friends tell Governor Denny, that he declared to them 
 his approval of their conduct, and solicited their co- 
 operation, and they now are at a loss to know wherein 
 
72 
 
 they have forfeited his esteem, unless their application 
 to the Secretary for an inspection of the records in his 
 office, produced that effect. "If," say they, "that 
 should be the case, and the intention and manner of 
 that application has been misrepresented by any of the 
 Proprietaries' agents, and others engaged with them,, 
 in the measures which have contributed to the present 
 unhappy circumstances of this Province, we think it 
 necessary to inform the Governor, that this Province 
 was settled on terms very different from most of the 
 other colonies. The first adventurers were men of 
 substance and reputation, who purchased the lands of 
 the Proprietor ; and as he obliged himself and his heirs,, 
 by an express covenant, contained in their original 
 deeds, ' to clear the land from all titles, claims, and 
 demands of the Indian natives, or any other persons- 
 whatsoever,' they agreed to pay an annual quit-rent,, 
 more than sufficient to enable him to satisfy the 
 Indians, and obtain a peaceable possession of the land ; 
 and during the lives of our first Proprietor, and the 
 first settlers, we believe this was faithfully performed ; 
 and so large a balance remained towards making fur- 
 ther purchases, as the settlement of the country in- 
 creased, that any attempt to elude the original inten- 
 tion and agreement, of fairly purchasing the land of 
 the people who had a native right in it, will be ever 
 condemned by all impartial and honest men." 
 
 Friends further declare, that as the Indians com- 
 plained of frauds, and requested that members of 
 the Association should impartially examine into the 
 matter, they felt themselves under the most solemn 
 obligation to comply with so reasonable a demand, 
 and presumed that the Governor and Secretary would 
 aid them in so doing. They desired that all people, 
 
73 
 
 of every religious denomination, would join with them 
 in the good work of promoting peace, and hoped, 
 that the Governor was convinced of their integrity, 
 and was willing to disabuse the minds of others, of 
 any false impressions concerning them. They con- 
 cludie this interesting paper as follows : — 
 
 " We apprehend our duty to God, and the King, have engaged us 
 in this business : and some of the good effects thereof, have already 
 appeared. We, therefore, now again offer the Governor, to contrib- 
 ute something considerable towards the present necessary to be 
 made to the Indians, at the ensuing treaty, and by our personal 
 attendance, to improve the confidence and good opinion these 
 people have of us, to the public benefit. Should the Governor per- 
 sist in refusing to accept our present, we assure him we shall not, 
 by our conduct, give any just occasion to charge us with disrespect 
 towards him ; and we desire our attendance at the treaty, may not 
 be considered as such. The business to be transacted there is of so 
 much consequence, to the lives, liberties, and properties, of the 
 people of this Province, that should we omit to attend there, and 
 depend upon the Governor and the King's agent receiving all the 
 information on this important occasion from the Proprietaries' agents 
 and others, who have for some years past been concerned in trans- 
 acting Indian affairs, we should be deficient in our duty as Christians 
 and Englishmen, — denominations we hold more dear to us than 
 any other titles or appellations, whatsoever. 
 
 "(Signed) "ABEL JAMES, 
 
 "Clerk. 
 
 " PmLADELPHiA, 14th Seventh Month, 1757." 
 
 Israel Pemberton, William Callender, and William 
 Fisher, (the committee who prepared the above essay), 
 reported to the meeting, held on the 14th of Seventh 
 Month, that they delivered the address to the Governor, 
 as requested, who promised to read and deliberately 
 consider it, and assured them, that although their 
 views, if carried out, would be serviceable, yet he was 
 determined not to depart from the instructions he had 
 
;4 
 
 received from England, and peremptorily refused to 
 reason with them upon the subject. 
 
 The committee on goods, stated that they had added 
 to the stock on hand, in the hope that all objections 
 against their making presents, would be removed at 
 this time, as on a former occasion. The meeting 
 ordered, that an assortment of goods be packed ready 
 for shipment, to an amount not exceeding five hundred 
 pounds, to be sent to Easton, when ordered by such of 
 the Trustees, as expected to attend the proposed treaty. 
 
 The committee on the address, were directed to re- 
 visit the Governor, and ask his consent to print his 
 written answer with the address, in order to re- 
 move " the prejudices and false reports " which had 
 been detrimental to the Association. Should he per- 
 mit the publication of his answer, these Friends were 
 authorized to have the printing done at once ; if not, 
 they were to get the address published by itself. Ad- 
 journed. 
 
 15th of Seventh Month. The committee apprised 
 the meeting, that they had called upon the Governor, 
 but he being in Council, could not be interviewed. His 
 Secretary promised to acquaint him with their wishes, 
 which being done, the Governor replied in writing, as 
 
 follows : — 
 
 "Philadelphia, 15th July, 1757, 12 o'clock. 
 " Gentlemen : — ^As you know I am desired and most strictly 
 enjoined, not to suffer any particular body or society to concern 
 themselves in treaties with Indians, or on any pretense to give 
 presents to them, it is out of my power to permit your .presents to 
 be given. I shall once more repeat my advice : — You would do 
 well, to decline appearing at the ensuing treaty in a body, your at- 
 tendance at treaties as a distinct society, having given great offense 
 to the Ministry. 
 
 "WILLIAM DENNY. 
 
 "To Mr. Israel Pemberton, and the other gentlemen." 
 
75 
 
 On the same day, at 2 o'clock, another communica- 
 tion was received from the Governor, as follows : — 
 
 " Gentlemen : — Your address, in some parts of it which relate 
 to transactions that have passed since my administration, misrepre- 
 sents several important facts, and contains some reflections on the 
 conduct of the Proprietaries and their agents here, in managing 
 the affairs of the Indians, which I hope will be found to be without 
 the least foundation. I cannot therefore conceive it seasonable or 
 proper at this time, for you to print it, especially when it is consid- 
 ered that the publishing it, may tend to inflame the minds of the 
 Indians, and obstruct the business of the ensuing treaty at Easton, 
 where the complaints made by them, will be fully and impartially 
 
 heard, and I hope fully accommodated. 
 
 "WILLIAM DENNY. 
 
 "To Israel Pemberton, and the other gentlemen." 
 
 After careful consideration of the above letters, the 
 meeting agreed to return an answer thereto in writ- 
 ing, which was as follows : — 
 
 " May it please the Governor : 
 
 "Nothing less than a regard to the public interest, would engage 
 us to decline fully complying with the Governor's advice not to 
 attend the ensuing Indian treaty, though we have reason to believe 
 that the Proprietaries' instructions to the Governor on this occasion, 
 are grounded on some false and unjust information sent from 
 hence. 
 
 "Our application this day was to desire, the Governor would be so 
 kind as to inform us whether he had any objections to our printing 
 his answer, in which the Earl of Halifax is said to have called the 
 Indians 'foreign princes and an independent people,' but the answer 
 the Governor has now been pleased to send us, relates solely to our 
 address. As it is contrary to our intention to misrepresent any 
 transaction before or since the Governor's administration, we shall 
 esteem it a favor, to have those parts pointed out which the Gover- 
 nor thinks in any respect exceptionable. 
 
 "What we have said concerning the Proprietaries and their 
 agents, is grounded on the public records. 
 
76 
 
 "The Governor's refusing to accept of our contribution, or our 
 offer of attending the treaty, has given much encouragement to the 
 adversaries of the peace of the Province, to repeat their malevolent 
 aspersions and calumnies against us ; but to manifest our regard to 
 the public interest to be greater than to our private characters, we 
 shall for a few days suspend the printing of our address, that there 
 may be no possibility of charging us, by its publication, 'with 
 inflaming the minds of the Indians. ' 
 
 "Signed by appointment, and on behalf of the Trustees and 
 
 Treasurer of the Friendly Association for Regaining and Preserving 
 
 Peace with the Indians by Pacific Measures, this isth of Seventh 
 
 Month, 1757. 
 
 "ABEL JAMES, 
 
 "Clerk.'' 
 
 The next meeting of the Association (which was' 
 an unimportant one) was held on the 5th of Ninth 
 Month, and during the interim, the treaty at Easton 
 had taken place. Several blank pages are left in the 
 "minute-book" wherein to record what transpired on 
 that occasion, which, however, has been neglected. It 
 would be interesting to know what effect the above let- 
 ter had upon Governor Denny, but the book is silent 
 upon the subject. That members of the Association 
 attended the treaty is evident, and that some of the 
 goods obtained for presents to the Indians, were sold 
 to the Commissioners by the Friends, during the treaty, 
 will appear subsequently. 
 
 From Charles Thomson's notes on that occasion, we 
 are informed that Teedyuscung, accompanied by dele- 
 gations from the Six Nations and Seneca Tribes, (in 
 all some three hundred Indians), arrived at Easton 
 about the middle of the Seventh Month. Here they 
 were met by Governor Denny, six of his Council, four 
 Commissioners, the Speaker of the House of Assembly, 
 and a number of citizens. Before proceedings com- 
 menced, Teedyuscung insisted that Charles Thomson 
 
77 
 
 should be his clerk, which, after an altercation lasting 
 four days, was acceded to. This request was made 
 because on a former occasion, when complaints were 
 urged against the Proprietaries, the Secretary of the 
 Province declined to record them. The Governor 
 opened the conference by informing Teedyuscung, that 
 he had laid the proceedings of the former treaty before 
 Sir William Johnson, who had deputed George Croghan, 
 his Secretary and agent, to attend on that occasion, and 
 inquire into every grievance they had suffered ; where- 
 upon Croghan solemnly assured them in a brief speech 
 that " he would do everything in his power to have all 
 differences amicably adjusted to their satisfaction, 
 agreeable to his orders and instructions." Teedyus- 
 cung, in responding, reiterated the statements made 
 at the last treaty, and referred the Governor and his 
 people " to their own hearts and writings for the truth 
 of what he said." The burden of his speech, was, that 
 the Indians had been deceived and cheated of their 
 lands, and that he demanded justice — nothing more — 
 which, if obtained, would secure a lasting peace. He 
 insisted, moreover, that the boundaries be fixed between 
 the Indians and the whites, and expressed the wishes 
 of his people, to be instructed in the Christian religion 
 and the arts of civilized life, by such persons as should 
 be agreeable to them. 
 
 Teedyuscung had been freely supplied with " fire- 
 water," and was intoxicated when he made this speech; 
 so the next morning, when sober, Croghan challenged 
 him to repeat it, thereby intending, evidently, to con- 
 fuse him; but he accepted the challenge, and with 
 much plainness and minuteness of detail, went over 
 the whole ground, and, in conclusion, demanded pay- 
 ment for lands taken from his people by fraud. 
 
78 
 
 Notwithstanding the expressed wiUingness of the 
 Governor and Croghan at the beginning of the con- 
 ference, to redress the wrongs of the natives, the 
 former, after the delivery of Teedyuscung's speech, 
 referred him to Sir William Johnson ; but as his agent 
 was present, with power to act, the Chief declined the 
 proposal. i 
 
 Teedyuscung asserted, as another reason for his 
 refusal, that he had never met with Johnson, and that 
 delay might result in war. He did not demand imme- 
 diate payment, but would wait until the King was 
 heard from, before whom he requested their grievances 
 should be laid as soon as possible. He expressly in- 
 sisted, that certain deeds (or copies of them) be produced 
 and transmitted to England, containing evidence, that 
 the Indians, had been defrauded of lands. If this were 
 done, he offered to confirm a peace at once. The 
 Governor expressed himself as willing to grant this 
 reasonable request, but privately agreed with Weiser 
 and Croghan, not to present the papers most desired 
 by the Chief 
 
 Two days thereafter, during which time the Indians 
 had been kept under the influence of alcoholic liquors, 
 Denny presented to Teedyuscung, several deeds as 
 the ones asked for, and desired that all further debate 
 between them shouldcease, until time was had to send 
 them to England, and await the answer of the King. 
 This proposition was accepted by the Chief in good 
 faith, without any examination of the documents ; and 
 thereupon Teedyuscung, in the name of his people, 
 solemnly concluded a peace. 
 
 Subsequent investigation, disclosed the fact that the 
 deeds produced were not those demanded ; but no 
 public notice of this fact was taken for fear of dissatis- 
 
79 
 
 fying the Indians, and because it was hoped that the 
 Governor, would, upon dehberation, order what papers 
 were necessary, to be forwarded to the King. 
 
 Charles Thomson, in concluding his narrative of the 
 Easton treaty, says: — 
 
 "Here, then, the affair rests. If the proper papers, and a true 
 state of the case be laid before the King and Council for a just de- 
 termination ; if the Indians be secured in their property, and 
 instructed in religion and the civil arts, agreeable to their request, 
 and the trade with them, regulated, and set on such a footing that 
 they may be secure from abuse, there is not the least doubt but the 
 alliance and friendship of the Indians may be forever secured to the 
 British interest ; but should these things be neglected, the arms of 
 the French are open to receive them. Whether for the future they 
 are to be our friends, or enemies, seems now to be in our own power. 
 Whether another such opportunity will ever return, is altogether 
 uncertain. It becomes men of wisdom and prudence, to leave noth- 
 ing to chance, where reason can decide." 
 
 Thus ended a glaringly disgraceful meeting. When 
 the trickery there practiced, was discovered by the un- 
 suspecting Indians, fuel was added to the flame of their 
 indignation. 
 
 The next meeting of the Trustees, was held on the 
 4th of Tenth Month, 1757, at the house of Alexander 
 Seaton. Present, sixteen members. Sundry accounts, 
 amounting in the aggregate to two hundred and 
 eighty-nine pounds fourteen shillings ten pence, were 
 presented, and orders drawn on the Treasurer for the 
 same. It was, however, declared, that — 
 
 "As there are demands now against us, amounting to a larger sum 
 of money than we have in hand, the Treasurer is desired to request 
 Isaac Norris, Speaker of the late Assembly, to repay the one hun- 
 dred pounds lent the Assembly last winter. 
 
 " The Trustees who attended the last treaty at Easton, having while 
 there, agreed to sell the Provincial Commissioners ten pieces of 
 
8o 
 
 strouds, at eleven pounds per piece, and two and a half pieces of 
 blankets, at ten pounds per piece, and some other smaller articles, 
 Jeremiah Warder is desired to receive the money for the same, and 
 pay it to the Treasurer ; and he is likewise to account for four pieces of 
 striptduffells, sold by him last winter to the Provincial Commissioners. 
 
 "It being notified, that a son of Seneca George, an Indian of 
 note, has been some time in the city, having had the small-pox, and 
 is now in want of clothing, Isaac Zane and Jeremiah Warder, are 
 desired to give him such things as are immediately necessary, and 
 to send him to school, if he can be persuaded duly to attend 
 there. 
 
 "Israel Pemberton, William Callender, Peter Worrall, Thomas 
 Say, and the Clerk, are desired to write to John Jones and Thomas 
 Evans, of Gwynned ; to Samuel Foulke, of Richland ; to Thomas 
 Carleton and William Harvey, of Kennett ; George Ashbridge and 
 Aaron Ashbridge, of Goshen ; FrancisParvin and Benjamin Light- 
 foot, of Maiden Creek, to engage these Friends to collect the money 
 subscribed by contributors in their respective neighborhoods, as it 
 is now much wanted. Abraham Dawes, from Plymouth, and George 
 Miller, from Providence, being now present, are desired to undertake 
 the same in their several and respective neighborhoods, and the 
 above-named Trustees, are desired to write to John Morris, request- 
 ing him to assist Abraham Dawes therein." Adjourned. 
 
 At a meeting on the nth of Tenth Month, accounts 
 were presented and examined, being principally for 
 advances made to the Association by individual mem- 
 bers, amounting in the aggregate, to five hundred and 
 thirty pounds four shillings and five pence. An order 
 was drawn on the Treasurer, signed by all present, and 
 that officer was authorized to receive, one hundred and 
 fifty pounds, from Israel Pemberton, and one hun- 
 dred and seventy-five pounds six shillings and eight 
 pence from Jeremiah Warder. 
 
 The committee on accounts made report, that there 
 were at Easton, in the hands of Jost Vollert, six 
 pieces of stroud, four pieces of match coats, and one 
 piece of flowered serge, the value being about one 
 
8i 
 
 hundred and five pounds; that Jeremiah Warder had 
 two bales and ten pieces of striped blankets; that 
 Israel Pemberton, had six silver medals and chains, 
 thirty-three medals without chains, four silver orna- 
 ments, six shells, and two belts of wampum, returned 
 from the Ohio Indians ; at Isaac Zane's house there 
 were fifteen silver medals and dial compasses, and 
 at Joseph Richardson's, a pair of stamps for medals; 
 all the property of the Association. Then adjourned. 
 On the I st of Eleventh Month, another meeting was 
 held, at which it was made known that there was due 
 Samuel Neave, for three pieces of strouds, not pre- 
 viously noted, the sum of , thirty pounds, for which 
 amount an order was drawn on the Treasurer. 
 
 "Joseph Morris and the Clerk, are added to the committee 
 appointed to revise the minutes of the Association to be sent to 
 our Friends in England." Adjourned. 
 
 On the 3d of Twelfth Month, this committee reported 
 progress, and the meeting adjourned to re-assemble 
 to-morrow afternoon, at 2 o'clock, " at William Callen- 
 der's, to read over the fair copy which was now pro- 
 duced." 
 
 On the next day, eleven Friends met at time and 
 place appointed. 
 
 " The minutes from the beginning, to the General meeting on the 
 19th of Fourth Month, 1757, were read, and it is agreed, when the 
 transcribing is completed, they be delivered to our esteemed friend 
 John Hunt, to be made such use of, as himself and other judicious 
 Friends in London, may agree shall be necessary." 
 
82 
 
 On the 6th of Twelfth Month, there were present at 
 Alexander Seaton's, thirteen Friends. The following 
 appears on the minutes, under that date : — 
 
 "Being reminded that the proceedings of this Government in 
 building houses for the Indians, at Wyoming, agreeable to the 
 promises made them at the late treaty at Easton, was delayed until 
 the season of the year was so far advanced, that, from the accounts 
 we have from the Commissioners concerned therein, as well as from 
 Teedyuscung, it was not convenient to proceed so far therein as to 
 encourage the Indians to settle there this fall and winter. And as 
 we are fully convinced that an early application to complete that 
 business next spring, may contribute much to their settling, and 
 re-establish peace with the Indians, and as Teedyuscung expressly 
 told us, a few days since, in this city, that their dependence was 
 upon Friends, to have the same put forward so early next spring 
 that the houses may be finished time enough to accommodate and 
 encourage the Indians to come and settle there before the season 
 for planting their corn, &c. commences, therefore, Israel Pem- 
 berton, Joseph Morris, Jeremiah Warder, and Jonathan Mifflin, are 
 desired to converse with the Speaker of the House of Assembly and 
 the Commissioners on that subject, and acquaint them with our 
 desire and readiness to do anything therein in our power, to answer 
 the expectations of the Indians, and promote the good work of 
 peace. And if upon such a conference, it appears to the committee 
 that we can be serviceable therein, they report the same to our 
 next meeting. ' ' 
 
 13th of Twelfth Month. The committee reported 
 progress, and were continued. 
 
 At the meetings on the 20th and 27th of Twelfth 
 Month, no business of importance was transacted, nor 
 is mention made of the above committee making 
 further report until the 24th of the Third Month follow- 
 ing, which will appear in proper place. Thus ended 
 this year's business. During 1757, Friends throughout 
 the city and country, had contributed to the treasury of 
 
83 
 
 the Association, but there is no data by which to ap- 
 proximate even to the amount subscribed. 
 
 On the 3d of First Month, 1758, fourteen Friends 
 convened at the usual place, and after some general 
 conversation, adjourned until the loth, at which 
 meeting nothing of interest transpired, and Friends 
 adjourned until the 1 7th. 
 
 A minute of the 17th reads as follows : — 
 
 "It being remarked, that by account lately received of the situ- 
 ation of the Indians settled at Pennsbury, it appears likely they 
 may be in want of a supply of provisions for their present relief, 
 for more perfect intelligence of their circumstance, and that we may 
 have it in our power to administer to their necessities if there should 
 be occasion, Jeremiah Warder and Isaac Zane, offer to take a 
 journey to visit them, which being well approved of, it is agreed 
 that they have liberty to lay out a sum of money, not exceeding 
 ten pounds, in corn or other provisions, if they find it necessary, to 
 be distributed amongst them in such manner as they may deem 
 most conducive to their help and assistance, which we shall take 
 care to repay." 
 
 No further business appearing, adjourned to meet 
 at the usual time and place. 
 
 On the 24th of First Month, a committee of four 
 Friends was appointed to examine the list of contribu- 
 tors to this Association, ascertain who have not paid 
 their subscriptions, "and write to such Friends as may 
 be most likely to assist them in collecting the same. 
 Such as do not pay upon application to them, are to be 
 requested to sign obligations for their several subscrip- 
 tions." Adjourned. 
 
 At the next meeting, on the 31st, the above com- 
 mittee reported progress and were continued, as also 
 on the 7th of Second Month. 
 
 Nothing further of interest occurs, until the meeting 
 
84 
 
 on the 14th of Third Month, when five lists of delinquent 
 city subscribers were furnished by a committee. These 
 were given to sundry members to collect, "as soon 
 as may be." And it was unanimously agreed, that the 
 sums originally subscribed may be received without 
 accrued interest, until the meeting shall otherwise di- 
 rect. " The Treasurer is desired to furnish the Trustees 
 with a sufficient number of blank receipts, signed by 
 him, to be filled up and given to those who pay, and 
 that such subscribers as do not pay, be asked to give 
 their notes, payable with interest from the date of the 
 subscription papers, and the Treasurer is desired to 
 furnish blank notes to answer that occasion." Then 
 adjourned until the 24th of Third Month. 
 
 Under the last-mentioned date appears the follow- 
 ing interesting minute : — 
 
 "Upon consideration of the just expectations wliich the Indians 
 (with whom this Province has Iield treaties for peace at Easton and 
 Lancaster) have, that the engagements of this Government be com- 
 plied'with, as the Governor promise'd they should be, and especially 
 when, by a message received by this Government, it appears there 
 is a favorable prospect of extending and confirming the peace so 
 much desired to several other nations, to the great advantage of 
 the British interest ; and, as the Trustees and Treasurer are in- 
 formed that the treasury of the Province is exhausted, and they 
 continuing desirous to do all in their power to promote peace, in a 
 manner consistent with our profession, do unanimously agree to 
 offer the Assembly of this Province, such sums of money as they 
 may want, to enable the Governor to fulfill his said engagements j to 
 be paid to the Commissioners or such persons as they may appoint, 
 and to be repaid, out of the Provincial Treasury, when it can be 
 conveniently done. And Israel Pemberton, James Pemberton, 
 Jeremiah Warder, Richard Wistar, Owen Jones, and Abel James, 
 are appointed, to prepare an essay of an address to the Assembly, 
 representing the same, to be brought here to-morrow morning at 
 nine o'clock, to which time we adjourn." 
 
85 
 
 The above committee were present with the address 
 the next morning, which was approved, ordered to be 
 copied and signed by the clerk, "and he, with WilUam 
 Callender, Joseph Richardson, Richard Wistar, and 
 William Fisher, are to deliver the same to the House 
 of Representatives this morning." The address is as 
 follows : — 
 
 " To THE Representatives of the Freemen of the Provijtce 
 OF Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met : —The address of the 
 Trustees and Treasurer of the Friendly Association for Regaining 
 and Preserving Peace with the Indians by Pacific Measures, respect- 
 fully showeth, that as we have, with the approbation of the Gov- 
 ernment, at several treaties held with the Indians at Easton and 
 Lancaster, contributed freely towards the presents made to the 
 Indians, and defraying the expenses of the messengers sent by the 
 King's Deputy agent, to invite the Indians on the Ohio to renew 
 their alliance with the Crown of Great Britain ; — and as, by the 
 blessing of Divine Providence, pacific measures have so far suc- 
 ceeded, that from the message now received from eight tribes of 
 those western arid other distant Indians, it appears there are just 
 grounds to hope for the establishment of peace with them, and 
 the engaging a considerable number with whom this Government 
 has not been acquainted, to enter into the alliance, we are heartily 
 disposed to promote so desirable a service, and thereby to give a 
 renewed testimony of our loyalty to our Gracious King, and our 
 sincere concern to advance the cause and interest of the Christian 
 religion, and the peace and prosperity of our country. And being 
 informed that the public treasury is exhausted, lest these salutary 
 measures should thereby be delayed, and the promises made by the 
 Governor, in behalf of this Province, remain unperformed, we 
 think it our duty, to acquaint you, that out of the fund of our Asso- 
 ciation we are willing to supply you with such sums of money as 
 may be immediately necessary for carrying on these negotiations 
 towards re-establishing peace with the Indians, and to wait for the 
 repayment of the money, out of the Public Treasury, till it can be 
 conveniently done. If our proposal appears to you, to be condu- 
 cive to the public advantage, and meets with your approbation, we 
 shall immediately direct our Treasurer to pay the Provincial 
 
86 
 
 Commissioners, or such other committee as you may be pleased to 
 
 appoint, such sum or sums, as on consideration, you may judge 
 
 these exigencies may require. Signed by order and on behalf of 
 
 said Trustees and Treasurer. 
 
 "ABEL JAMES, 
 
 "Clerk:' 
 
 At the meeting on the 4th of Fourth Month, the 
 committee reported, they had attended to* their ap- 
 pointment, and had received from Joseph Fox, a 
 member of the house, a copy of the resolutions that 
 body passed after reading the address, as follows :— 
 
 "Resolved, That the thanks of this House be given to the said 
 Society, for their friendly and generous offer. 
 
 " Resolved, That this House do recommend it to the Provincial 
 Commissioners, to borrow of said Friendly Society, such sum or 
 sums of money as may be sufficient to answer the present Indian 
 demands ; and that the Representatives will use their care and en- 
 deavors to secure the repayment thereof, when further supplies shall 
 be raised for the public service." 
 
 It was now unanimously agreed, that an order be 
 drawn, on John Reynell, treasurer, in favor of Joseph 
 Fox, for one hundred pounds, which was accordingly 
 done, and was signed by eleven Trustees. A commit- 
 tee of four was appointed to prepare a statement of 
 accounts of the Association from the last General 
 Meeting, to be laid before the next General Meeting 
 on the 19th. A list of subscribers was made out, and 
 certain Friends were authorized to apprise them of 
 the time of the General Meeting, as then, an election 
 was to be held for Trustees and Treasurer, to serve 
 one year, for whom they are entitled to vote. Ad- 
 journed. 
 
 At a meeting of the Association, held on the 1 1 th of 
 Fourth Month, Thomas Wharton, executor to the estate 
 
87 
 
 of Thomas Davis, deceased, presented through the 
 Clerk, a bill for needles and fish-hooks, furnished by 
 Thomas Davis to the Trustees at the last treaties held 
 at Lancaster and Easton, amounting to two pounds 
 ten shillings, which was ordered paid. 
 
 " Teedyuscung and some other Indians being come to town, and 
 it appearing to us that this Government, complying with its engage- 
 ments in completing the houses at Wyoming as soon as possible, to 
 encourage the Indians to plant and settle there this spring, is a 
 matter of great importance to the people of the Province, there- 
 fore, Israel Pemberton, James Pemberton, Owen Jones, Abel James, 
 and Joseph Morris, are appointed a committee to converse with the 
 members of the Governor's Council, (the Governor being absent 
 at this time in the three lower counties) and the Provincial Com- 
 missioners, and to acquaint them, that agreeable to our offer to the 
 House of Assembly of the 25th ultimo, this Association continues 
 willing to furnish money as then proposed, to enable them imme- 
 diately to prosecute the erecting and completing the said buildings, 
 and such other purposes as money may be wanted for, to promote 
 and establish peace with the Indians. ' ' Adjourned. 
 
 Space is here left in the book, with the obvious 
 intent of recording the minutes of the General Meeting 
 which occurred on the 19th. In the absence of any 
 such minutes, it is presumable that a synopsis of the 
 year's business was laid before the Friends assembled 
 at this meeting, as on a former occasion. Most of the 
 Trustees, the Treasurer, and Clerk were re-elected to 
 serve another year, as appears from the proceedings of 
 a subsequent meeting. Edward Pennington, Jacob 
 Lewis, and Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., were chosen Trustees, 
 in place of Abram Dawes, Jonathan Mifflin, and George 
 Miller, which is the only change noted. At the meet- 
 ing on the 27th of Fourth Month, John Reynell, Treas- 
 urer, executed a bond, in the sum of two thousand 
 pounds, to the Trustees, for the faithful performance of 
 
88 
 
 his trust, John Pemberton being his surety as hereto- 
 fore. The Trustees, Hkewise executed an obhgation to 
 sixteen members of the Association, in the city and 
 elsewhere, in a similar sum, to fulfil the duties re- 
 quired of them. 
 
 On the 2d of Fifth Month, it was unanimously con- 
 cluded to meet hereafter, on the Fifth day of the first 
 week in every month, at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, at 
 the house of Alexander Seaton, or more frequently, 
 "if in the opinion of four Trustees it shall be deemed 
 necessary." It was further agreed, that " Israel Pember- 
 ton, Isaac Zane, Jacob Shoemaker, Jeremiah Warder, 
 and the Clerk, shall be a committee, to perform such 
 lesser services as may occur, and not require the 
 calling all the Trustees together. The Clerk was 
 authorized to give four hours' notice of all occasional 
 meetings, to such Trustees as were not present when 
 the time for such meetings was agreed upon, and that 
 all the Trustees thus notified, if absent, shall pay a 
 fine of two shillings; if late, one shilling; the time to 
 be determined by Thomas Stretch's standard clock. 
 Thomas Say to collect said fines." These rules did 
 not apply to such Trustees as were Commissioners 
 for the Indian trade, who were entirely exempt from 
 all fines. Adjourned. 
 
 On the 20th of Fifth Month, an occasional meeting 
 was held. The following is taken from the minutes : — 
 
 " The Governor of this Province, having lately given a commis- 
 sion to John Hughes and others, to hire workmen and go up to 
 Wyoming, there to assist the Indians in building a town and 
 making a settlement and opening a road to it, in pursuance of 
 which, two of the said Commissioners (John Hughes and Henry 
 Pauling) set out a few days since with a number of workmen ; and 
 we being now informed that Teedyuscung, the Delaware Chief, with 
 
89 
 
 his wife and family, and a considerable number of other Indians, 
 joined them at Bethlehem, and went forward from thence on Third 
 day (the 1 6th instant), so that there is a prospect of this necessary 
 work being at last performed,— on consideration of which, the 
 same motives which have heretofore induced us to engage in the 
 desirable work of restoring peace still prevailing, and Isaac Zane, 
 (of whose hearty and constant endeavors therein we have had 
 abundant experience) now acquainting us that John Hughes had, 
 before his setting out, signified to him that he was desirous of his 
 company and assistance, which Isaac's state of health would not 
 permit him then to offer; but he being now somewhat recovered 
 and willing to go up to Wyoming, and assist the Provincial Com- 
 missioners in erecting the buildings and making the settlement 
 proposed, it is unanimously agreed, that out of the fund of our 
 Association, he shall be paid to his satisfaction for such service, and 
 that he may take with him some carpenters, a mason, an interpreter, 
 and such other assistance as he may think necessary. On his arrival 
 at Wyoming, he is desired to offer his service to assist the Provincial 
 Commissioners in the work, and if it should appear to him that 
 anything more is necessary, than they are willing to get done at 
 the public expense, either in building the houses, opening the road, 
 or otherwise — in that case he is authorized to engage workmen, 
 and get all such necessary matters accomplished, for all which it 
 is agreed, he shall be paid out of the stock under our care. And for 
 his present supply, an order is now drawn on the Treasurer, payable 
 to him, for one hundred pounds, and signed by all the Trustees 
 present but himself. Jeremiah Warder, Jacob Shoemaker, Israel 
 and James Pemberton, are desired to assist him in procuring horses, 
 and whatever else may be necessary, towards fitting him and his 
 company for the journey." Adjourned. 
 
 "2ist of Sixth Month, 1758. Being informed that the Commis- 
 sioners for Indian affairs have recommended Nathaniel Holland as 
 a suitable person for an agent at Fort Augusta (Sunbury), for nego- 
 tiating and managing the trade with the Indians, agreeable to an 
 Act of the General Assembly of this Province, and that the Gov- 
 ernor has commissioned him, and the said act requiring that he 
 should give security for his faithful performance of said trust, 
 therefore the Trustees and Treasurer, consistent with their views of 
 promoting the peace of this Province, and the good opinion they 
 have of the said Holland, do request Israel Pemberton and Abel 
 James, to join said Nathaniel Holland, in the bond which he is to 
 
go 
 
 execute, as his sureties, and do engage to stand jointly and equally 
 bound with him, in behalf of this Association. 
 
 "The consideration of the circumstances of our country-folk 
 now in captivity amongst the Indians, having been the frequent 
 subject of our conversation, and now revived, it is agreed to desire 
 the Commissioners for Indian affairs who are members of this^ 
 Association, to confer with their brethren about it, and if they can 
 concert any measures to answer that end, our stock for any sum not 
 exceeding five hundred pounds, may be depended on to defray the 
 expenses thereof, if wanted. 
 
 "The Treasurer informs the Trustees, that Joseph Fox, one of 
 the Provincial Commissioners, has paid him the hundred pounds 
 lent the Province some time since. 
 
 "Israel Pemberton and the other Friends of the Standing Com- _ 
 mittee, are desired to collect some suitable clothing and other 
 necessaries for such of the thirteen Cherokees and other Indians 
 now in this town, as they may see fit, and present them in behalf 
 of the Friendly Association, as we apprehend it may have a ten- 
 dency to promote the good work of peace. ' ' Then adjourned. 
 
 "On the 6th of Seventh Month, the Clerk notified the meeting, 
 that Israel Pemberton declined to act as surety for Nathaniel Hol- 
 land; whereupon, Joshua Howell offering to do it, he and Abel 
 James, joined Nathaniel Holland, and executed the bond in the 
 penalty of one thousand pounds, which was approved by the Trus- 
 tees and Treasurer, who agree to be jointly and equally bound with 
 them. 
 
 " The committee appointed at last meeting, report that they have 
 furnished the Indians in town with some clothing and other neces- 
 saries, the cost of which they will state at a subsequent meeting. 
 
 "In consideration of Nathaniel Holland's having left his former 
 employment, going up to Shamokin to act as clerk for John Carson, 
 (late agent there for negotiating trade with the Indians) for less 
 wages than he had at his former employment, (from a desire of being 
 useful to the public), it is now agreed, that the Treasurer do pay to 
 Israel Pemberton, in his behalf, out of the fund of this Association, 
 fifteen pounds twelve shillings and six pence. 
 
 " 1 2th of Seventh Month. The Standing Committee are desired 
 to distribute more clothing, and some silver medals, &c., to the 
 Indians in town, to an amount not exceeding thirty pounds. No 
 further business." 
 
 "3d of Eighth Month. Jeremiah Warder, and James Drinker, 
 
91 
 
 brought in their accounts against the Association, and a committee 
 of three was appointed, to examine the same, and report at an early 
 day ; also, to find out what is due by the Association. 
 
 " It was agreed, that the Standing Committee might, at their dis- 
 cretion, present the messengers now in town from the Seneca and 
 Munsey Indians, with clothing, &c., to an amount not exceeding 
 twenty pounds. Adjourned." 
 
 " 7th of Ninth Month. The committee on accounts, reported 
 progress and were continued. Information was given that a large 
 number of Indians, from various tribes, were collecting at Easton, 
 Wyoming, and Fort Allen CWeissport), preparatory to holding a 
 treaty with the English Governor at the former place. The rfieeting 
 considered the question, what was the duty of the Association in 
 the matter, but did not reach a conclusion. Five Friends were 
 appointed 'to confer with such members of the Governor's Council, 
 and of the Provincial Assembly, as they can, and renew our assur- 
 ances of our disposition to contribute our endeavors, to the com- 
 pleting of the work of peace, and extending the British interest 
 with the Indians,' after which adjourned." 
 
 "At a meeting held on the 12th of Ninth Month, the committee 
 on accounts, reported that there was due by the Association to 
 sundry individuals, all members of the Association, sums amounting 
 in the aggregate, to three hundred and thirty-six pounds nine 
 shillings seven and a half pence. On examining Isaac Zane's 
 account of expenses to and at Wyoming, it was ascertained that of 
 the one hundred pounds furnished him by the Treasurer, there was 
 due from him to the Association, three pounds sixteen shillings 
 and two pence. Of goods, &c., belonging to the Association, 
 William Fisher had ' three pieces of embossed serge, and four pieces 
 half-thicks. ' Israel Pemberton, had ' four pieces striped blankets, 
 part of a piece of yellow tamy, about forty thousand black and white 
 wampum, twenty medals, three silver gorgets, and a gray mare. ' 
 Jost VoUert, residing at Easton, had 'six pieces stroud, four pieces 
 match coats, and one piece of flowered serge. ' Jeremiah Warder, 
 had 'ten pieces blankets,' and Isaac Zane, held 'fifteen medals, 
 seventeen pocket-compasses, and three magnets.' 
 
 "After orders were drawn on the Treasurer, and signed by the 
 Trustees for sums due, as above indicated, the meeting adjourned." 
 
 " 15th Ninth Month. No quorum present." 
 
92 
 
 I find among my papers, some copies of letters of 
 above date, signed by that active member of this useful 
 society, Israel Pemberton, addressed to influential 
 Friends in different sections of the country, soliciting 
 pecuniary aid and co-operation, to further the aims of 
 the Association. No mention of his appointment to 
 this service appearing upon the minutes, it is presum- 
 able that the interest he felt in the success of the work 
 designed to be accomplished, led him to urge Friends 
 to aid therein.* 
 
 On the 2d of Tenth Month, twelve members assembled. "Israel 
 Pemberton produced a letter from our friends John Hunt, Richard 
 How, John Fothergill, Thomas Corbyn, Jacob Hagen, Jr., and Rob- 
 ert Foster, dated London, 26th Fifth Month, 1758, advising that they 
 had ordered a quantity of goods suitable for the Indians to be bought 
 and shipped on board the 'Betsy Sally,' Edward Snead, master, 
 which amounts with charges, to eight hundred and fifteen pounds 
 two shillings and three pence ; with a design to promote a commerce 
 with the Indians at such places as would be acceptable to them ; 
 which letter, appears to have been wrote before they received an 
 account of the late Act of Assembly of this Province for regulating 
 the Indian trade ; and as it appears to have been done from an anx- 
 ious concern for the promotion of the welfare of this Province in 
 particular, and the British colonies in America in general, without 
 any advantage to themselves, it merits our grateful acknowledg- 
 ment." 
 
 *" Philadelphia, 15th Ninth Month, 1758. 
 
 ** Respected Friend : — As we expect in a short time, a large number of Indians to a Treaty 
 with this Government at Easton, the Trustees of the Friendly Association, are apprehensive 
 there may be occasion or more money than we have in stock, and therefore desire thee to 
 apply to such Friends as belong to your Meeting and have not yet paid their subscriptions, and 
 request them to pay the same to thee, or if there are any whom it will not suit immediately to 
 pay, to get their notes for the sums they have subscribed. 
 
 " We are in hopes there may also be some among you, who on application, may be induced to 
 subscribe towards this good work, to whom the service of it might not at first so fully appear. 
 Thy endeavors with such, will be an acceptable service, as we have good grounds to hope the 
 abundant reward of peace will attend our labors. 
 
 " I am, with true love, 
 
 " Thy real Friend, 
 
 " ISRAEL PEMBERTON." 
 
93 
 
 At a meeting of the Treasurer and Trustees of the 
 Friendly Association, held on the 5th of Tenth Month, 
 1758, there were present fourteen members. It was then 
 agreed that those Friends who attend the forthcom- 
 ing treaty, to be held at Easton, " may give any sum, 
 not exceeding five hundred pounds, and do such other 
 matters in our behalf as the occasion may require, and 
 as if all the Trustees were present. James Pemberton, 
 Joseph Richardson, Jacob Lewis, and Jacob Shoe- 
 maker, Jr., are appointed to get the goods together and 
 forward them by wagon." 
 
 No other meeting occurs, until the 2d of Eleventh 
 Month. During the interim, the treaty at Easton had 
 taken place. The following minute is upon the book, 
 relative to this subject: — "The clerk read the minutes 
 of the Trustees who attended the late treaty at Easton, 
 particularly, the manner in which they distributed the 
 goods. James Pemberton, Jeremiah Warder, and 
 Joseph Morris, are desired to examine and compare 
 the quantities of goods given with what were pro- 
 cured, * * * * and also to adjust the ac- 
 counts of the late expenses." Reference is then made 
 to certain papers marked "A" and "B," for particulars 
 of goods distributed, and minutes of the treaty, but 
 after diligent search, these documents have not been 
 found. 
 
 We learn from Charles Thomson, however, that there 
 were present on that occasion, five hundred and one 
 Indians, a few members of the Friendly Association, 
 Governor Bernard of New Jersey, the Governor of 
 Pennsylvania, Commissioners, interpreters, &c. Teedy- 
 uscung, who had increased his power and established 
 himself as the head of five tribes, and the Chief Sach- 
 ems of the Six Nations, were assembled— most of 
 
94 
 
 them — at George Croghan's house, near Easton, who 
 appears to have been a mischief-maker, poisoning the 
 minds of the Indians by misrepresentations and false- 
 hoods, and at the same time poisoning their blood, by 
 fire-water. This Croghan, had married the daughter 
 of Nichos (a Mohawk chief), and his influence with 
 the Indians, was largely owing to this fact. 
 
 The object of the treaty, seems to have been to re- 
 duce the power of Teedyuscung, and to make him 
 retract his statements concerning the fraud in pur- 
 chases, made by the Proprietary agents. The attempt, 
 however, proved a failure. 
 
 The conference was opened on the 8th of Tenth 
 Month, by the usual compliments between the Govern- 
 ors and the Indians. On the loth and nth, the In- 
 dians remained in close consultation among themselves, 
 whether what Teedyuscung had demanded at the last 
 interview should now be insisted upon, or another 
 proposition substituted. It was agreed, finally, to stand 
 firm in the accusation of fraud and forgery on the part 
 of the Proprietaries. The debates which ensued were 
 warm, most of the chiefs assembled espousing the 
 cause of Teedyuscung. 
 
 On the nth, some of the Friends smoked a pipe 
 with a few of the chiefs and old men of the several 
 tribes, in attestation of their continued friendship. In 
 the afternoon of that day, the conference was resumed, 
 by the Governor of New Jersey welcoming the Indians 
 in the name of his Province, and asserting his desire 
 to do them justice, and five at peace ; but demanding 
 as a token of their sincerity, that they surrender such 
 prisoners among them, as were residents of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 Teedyuscung then arose and said, they were met ta 
 
9S 
 
 hear, and be heard. He reminded the Governor of 
 Pennsylvania, of former complaints made against the 
 Proprietaries, and of his willingness to do his part, 
 towards securing a permanent peace. 
 
 Then Tagoshata, a Seneca chief, stated that, as the 
 day was far spent, they had better adjourn until the 
 morrow. 
 
 On the 1 2th they again met, but Teedyuscung made 
 some disturbance, he being intoxicated. Tagoshata 
 said, that through the advice of his people, the Mini- 
 sinks and Delawares, had laid down the hatchet and 
 were disposed to keep the peace. When the Indians 
 finished their speeches, Isaac Norris, Speaker of the 
 Assembly, told the Governors, he understood reports 
 were being propagated among the Indians to his pre- 
 judice, and to set them against the people of this Prov- 
 ince. He then called Moses Tetamie, a noted Indian, 
 to declare whether he had heard among the Indians, 
 that he, (Nortis) had been concerned in the purchase 
 of lands at or near Wyoming. But Tetamie declined 
 to enter upon that matter now, as Teedyuscung was 
 not in a condition to attend to business ; whereupon 
 Norris, who desired to return home, requested Tetamie 
 to notify the Indians, that such reports were fabrications. 
 
 The next morning, before his departure, Isaac Nor- 
 ris had an interview with Teedyuscung, who told him 
 that George Croghan had said, that he (Norris) and a 
 Philadelphia Quaker, had been concerned with the 
 New England people, in buying lands at Wyoming, 
 which they had partially paid for, but had not satisfied 
 the claim. Moreover, that Teedyuscung was urged 
 by Croghan to say nothing at the treaty about the 
 matter, for Croghan, as Commissioner for Sir William 
 Johnson, would settle the Indians on these lands. 
 
96 
 
 notwithstanding this purchase. Teedyuscung, how- 
 ever, asserted their unwiHingness to occupy the land, 
 and their determination to resent the injury. 
 
 This conversation, induced Norris to sign a solemn 
 declaration, which he presented to Teedyuscung, that 
 the whole story was a groundless fabrication, and that 
 neither he, nor any one for him, was concerned in the 
 purchase of any land at or near Wyoming. This done, 
 he sent for Croghan, and told him what the chief had 
 said, which Croghan positively denied ; but another 
 Indian who was present confirmed Teedyuscung's story. 
 Croghan asserted, that his diary contained exactly the 
 words he had used, which he would show to the Gov- 
 ernors at the proper time, but the Indians demanded 
 that he produce it at once, which he declining to do, 
 they reasonably concluded that Teedyuscung had 
 spoken the truth. 
 
 On the 13th, Nichos made a speech, disclaiming 
 Teedyuscung's authority, and seeking to influence the 
 Indians aga,inst him. 
 
 On the 1 6th, the minutes of what had passed, were 
 read. There was some wrangling among the Indians. 
 The Munseys demanding the return of the belt by 
 which they had put themselves and their affairs under 
 the direction of the Six Nations, giving it to Teedyus- 
 cung. 
 
 On the 20th, the Council ended in confusion, as it 
 was complained that the Mohawks had sold land 
 belonging to the Delawares, amounting to about one 
 and a half millions of acres. On the next day, Teedy- 
 uscung confirmed this sale for the sake of peace, but 
 said this did not affect the claims he had formerly 
 made, which he supposed had been referred to the de- 
 termination of the King. 
 
97 
 
 Tokubayo, a Cayuga chief, on this occasion, eulo- 
 gized Teedyuscung, and denounced the English. The 
 former he said spoke from the heart, the latter from 
 the lips. "If (said he) the English know not how to 
 manage Indian affairs, they should not call us together. 
 They have invited us here to brighten the chain of 
 peace, and have spent a fortnight disputing about 
 lands." 
 
 The treaty was concluded by an entertainment, after 
 which the chiefs were called together by R. Peters 
 and Conrad Weiser. Unfitted for business, owing to 
 their fondness for liquor, they were persuaded to sign 
 deeds, confirming previous purchases of valuable 
 lands by the Proprietaries, for which only a portion of 
 the consideration money had been paid, and which in 
 extent were far beyond the expectations of the Indians. 
 This laid the foundation for subsequent trouble. 
 
 Measures were taken at this treaty, by the Proprie- 
 tary managers, not only to defraud the Indians out of 
 more land, but to set them, if possible, at variance with 
 each other. A member of the Friendly Association 
 says : — 
 
 " All our arguments, persuasions, and presents, were scarce suffi- 
 cient to keep them from an open rupture. The business was shame- 
 fully delayed from day to day, which the minutes are calculated to 
 screen ; but it is well known to us who attended, that the time was 
 spent, in attempting Teedyuscung' s downfall, and silencing or con- 
 tradicting the complaints he had made ; but he is really more of a 
 politician than any of his opponents, whether in or out of our Pro- 
 prietary Council, and if he could be kept sober, might probably 
 soon become Emperor of all the neighboring nations." 
 
 Thus ended another disgraceful treaty, from which 
 we return to the records of the Friendly Association. 
 Under date of Eleventh Month 2d, the Trustees ordered 
 
98 
 
 the payment of twenty dollars, to Moses Tetamie for 
 his fidelity to the English, and his attention at treaties, 
 whereat he seeks to cultivate peace with all the other 
 Indians. A committee was appointed to answer the 
 letter received from John Hunt and other English 
 Friends, " and when done, to call a meeting so that the 
 same may go by the next ship. The said committee, 
 are desired to wait upon the Speaker of Assembly, 
 and such other members as they may judge expedient, 
 to know if they intend to collect and send to England 
 the state of Indian affairs, and to reassure them, that 
 if it is in the power of any of us, to furnish any origi- 
 nal papers that may be wanting and useful, that we 
 shall readily communicate them, and be of any further 
 service in our power." 
 
 On the nth of Eleventh Month the committee on 
 an epistle, furnished one, which was read, and with some 
 alterations approved. 
 
 " Israel Pemberton and the Clerk, are desired to have it copied 
 fair, and after comparing it with the original, the Clerk is desired 
 to sign it, and send it by one of the vessels now bound to London, 
 and duplicate by the other vessel." 
 
 7th of Twelfth Month. The committee on accounts, 
 reported progress and were continued. 
 
 " They are requested, when their work is completed, to call a 
 meeting of the Trustees and Treasurer. 
 
 "The Clerk reports he had fair copies made of our letter to John 
 Hunt and the other Friends in London ; that they were compared 
 with the original, signed by him, and sent under cover to John 
 Hunt, by Captains Patton and Hammitt. 
 
 "The distressed circumstances of some Indians who lately were 
 at the Easton treaty being made known, it is agreed, that Isaac Zane, 
 Peter Worrall, and Israel Pemberton, be a committee to administer 
 to their necessities, in such manner as after inquiry, they may find 
 best, with any sum not exceeding twenty pounds." Adjourned. 
 
99 
 
 During this year the following Friends contributed 
 to the funds of the Association, as appears from lists 
 accompanying the "minute-book": — 
 
 City Subscribers. 
 
 Matthias Aspden, 
 Nathaniel Allen, 
 Nehemiah Allen, 
 John Armitt, . 
 Elizabeth Armitt, 
 Wm. Atkinson, 
 James Arbuckle, 
 Anonymous subscript 
 David Bacon, . 
 Davis Bassett, . 
 Joseph Baker, . 
 Anthony Benezet 
 Wm. Brown, 
 Nathan '1 Brown, 
 Thos. Brown, Jr. 
 Sam'l Bissell, . 
 John Bissell, 
 Sam'l Bryant, . 
 Jas. Bringhurst, 
 Jno. Biddle, 
 John Bringhurst, 
 Sam'l Bonnell, 
 Sam'l Bell, . . 
 Rich'd Blackman 
 Thos. Clifford, 
 Jonathan Carmalt, 
 James Carmalt, 
 William Clark, 
 David Clark, . 
 Wm. Cooper, . 
 Thomas Crosby, 
 Wm. Callender, 
 Abraham Carlile, 
 Isaac Cathrall, . 
 
 £ 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 39 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 10 
 ID 
 IS 
 
 S 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 S 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 IS 
 
 lO 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 2S 
 
 5° 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 2 10 
 
 Deborah Claypoole, 
 Thos. Coates, Jr., 
 Wm. Craige, . . 
 Wm. Clifton, . . 
 John Cresson, . . 
 Jonathan Cowpland 
 John Care, . 
 Moore & Carpenter, 
 David Deshler, . 
 Joseph Davis, . . 
 Thos. Davis, . . 
 Henry Dennis, 
 Susanna Dillwyn, 
 John Drinker, 
 Jno. Drinker, Jr., 
 Henry Drinker, . 
 Joshua Emlen, . . 
 Jeremiah Elfreth, 
 James Eddy, . . 
 Jonathan Evans, . 
 Cad'r Evans, . . 
 George Emlen, 5 pistoles 
 
 per annum. 
 Joshua Fisher, . 
 Wm. Fisher, . 
 Solomon Fussell, 
 Henry Flower, 
 Joseph Galloway, 
 Jno. Guest, . . 
 Isaac Green leafe, 
 Wm. Griffitts, 
 Jno. Gillingham, 
 Sam'l Gusley, . 
 Ben. Gibbs, Jr., 
 
 £ 
 SO 
 3 
 3 
 S 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 S 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 S 
 
 10 
 40 
 20 
 10 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 IS 
 10 
 
 s 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
100 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 .f. 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 Sam'l Griscomb, .... 5 
 
 8 
 
 Sam'l Massey, 7 
 
 Joshua Howell, 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 25 
 
 
 
 Joseph Marriott, . 
 
 . . 10 
 
 Benj. Hooten, . 
 
 
 
 
 . 10 
 
 
 
 Thos. Maule, . . 
 
 . . . 30 
 
 Jno. Hatkinson, 
 
 
 
 
 . 10 
 
 
 
 Reese Meredith, pe 
 
 r an., 6 
 
 Jno. Hallowell, 
 
 
 
 
 • 3 
 
 
 
 Jonathan Miflin, 
 
 . 100 
 
 Joseph Hallowell, 
 
 
 
 
 . 2 
 
 
 
 Geo. Mifflin, . . 
 
 . . . 30 
 
 William Hinton, 
 
 
 
 
 . 2 
 
 
 
 John Miflin, Jr., 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Sam'l Head, . 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 Benj. Miflin, . 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 Susanna Head, 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Sam'l Mickle, . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Caleb Hawes, . 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Sam'l Miflin, Jr., 
 
 
 . 
 
 S 
 
 Arent Hassert, 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Benj. Marshall, 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Rich. Humphries 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Wm. Morrison, 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Eden Haydock, 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 John Morrison, 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Rachel Hilburn, 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 George Morrison 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 John Head, . . 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 William Moode, 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 Abel James, . . 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 Wm. Morris, Jr., 
 
 
 . 
 
 10 
 
 James James, . 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Sam'l Morris, Jr 
 
 J 
 
 , 
 
 10 
 
 Joseph Jacob, . 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Joseph Morris, 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 Charles Jones, 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 Anthony Morris, 
 
 
 . 
 
 5° 
 
 Owen Jones, . 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Anthony Morris, Jr 
 
 ? 
 
 3° 
 
 Edw. Jones, 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Samuel Preston Moore, 
 
 20 
 
 Edw. Jones, Jr., 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Content Nicholson, . 
 
 20 
 
 Aquilla Jones, . 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Sam'l Noble, , . . 
 
 
 IS 
 
 John Jones, merchant. 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 Sam'l Neave, . 
 
 
 
 
 3° 
 
 John Jones, shoemaker. 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Sam'l Oldman, 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Benjamin Kendall, . . 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Dan'l Offley, . 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 Jacob Lewis, . . . 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Patrick Ogilby, 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Thos. Lightfoot, . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Rich'd Parker, 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Wm. Lightfoot, . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Joseph Parker, 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Samuel Lewis, . . 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Robt. Parrish, 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Henry Lisle, . . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 John Parrock, . 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 John Lyn, . . . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Thos. Paschall, 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Sarah Lyn, . . 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Isaac Paschall, . 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Sally Lloyd, . . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Eliza Paschall, . 
 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 James Lownes, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 Beulah Paschall, 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 John Lownes, . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 Wm. Pearson, . 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Joseph Lownes, 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Mary Peters, . 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 D. Candry & N. Senior 
 
 ? • 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Joshua Pearson, 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Benjamin Mason, . . 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Israel Pemberton, . 
 
 
 100 
 
 Abrah'm Mason, . 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 John Pemberton, 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
lOI 
 
 Jas. Pemberton, 
 Sam'l Powell, . 
 Mary Powell, . 
 Francis Rawle, 
 John Reynell, . 
 Peter Reeve, 
 Jos. Richardson, 
 Francis Richardson, 
 Jos. Richardson, 
 John Rich,. . . 
 Sam'l Rhoads, . 
 Hugh Roberts, 
 Sam'l Sansom, 
 Jas. Saterthwaite, 
 Thos. Say, . . 
 Wm. Savery, 
 Joseph Saul, 
 Wm. Shipley, . 
 Henry Shute, . 
 Rebecca Steele, 
 Mary Standley, 
 James Stephens, 
 Stephen Stapler, 
 Jacob Shoemaker, 
 
 £ 
 5° 
 SO 
 13 
 20 
 100 
 
 IS 
 20 
 10 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 2S 
 
 35 
 
 S 
 
 10 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 8 O 
 2 10 
 
 IS 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 IS 
 
 Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., .10 o 
 Thos. Shoemaker, ...50 
 
 John Test, 5 o 
 
 Christopher Thompson, .20 o 
 
 Thos. Tillbury, .... 5 o 
 Francis Trumble, ...40 
 
 Jeremiah Warder, ... 50 o 
 
 Robt. Wain, 15 o 
 
 Wm. West, 3 o 
 
 Chas. West, Jr., .... 10 o 
 
 Sam'l Wetherill, .... 5 o 
 
 J. Jaggers and R. Webb, 3 o 
 
 Catharine Wistar, ... 10 o 
 
 Rich'd Wistar, .... 20 o 
 
 Jno. Wister, 20 o 
 
 Ann and Thos. Wishart, . 5 o 
 
 Thos. Williams, .... 2 o 
 
 Wm. Wishart, 5 o 
 
 Dan'l Williams, .... 10 o 
 
 James Wood, 2 o 
 
 Richard Wood, .... 2 o 
 
 Peter Worrall, 25 o 
 
 Isaac Zane, 50 o 
 
 Total amount subscribed for the city in 1758, ^£2/^^"] 12s. 
 
 Abington 
 
 Thomas Austin, 
 Abr'm Cadwallader, 
 Thos. Fletcher, 
 James Harker, . 
 Rich'd Mather, 
 Joshua Morris, . 
 Sam'l Parker, . 
 James Paul, . , 
 Robert Paul,. . 
 Matthew Rea, , 
 Thomas Wood, 
 
 Total, . . 
 
 £ 
 
 S 
 
 2 10 
 10 o 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 20 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 10 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 ;£62 
 
 East Calne. 
 Joshua Baldwin, . . 
 
 £ - 
 3 o 
 
 Exeter and Maiden Creek, 
 
 £ s. 
 
 Mordecai Ellis, 2 10 
 
 Morris Ellis, 20 
 
 Thomas Ellis, 20 
 
 Sam'l Embree, 210 
 
 David Ely, 3 ° 
 
 Owen Hugh, 4 o 
 
 John Hughes, 5 o 
 
 Ellis Hughes, 2 10 
 
 Sam'l Hughes, 2 10 
 
102 
 
 Wm. Iddings, . . 
 Benj. Lightfoot, 
 Jacob Lightfoot, . 
 Mordecai Lee, . . 
 Samuel Lee, . . . 
 Thomas Lee, . . 
 Joseph Millard, . 
 Joseph Penrose, . 
 William Penrose, . 
 Conrad Price, . . 
 JobPugh,. . . . 
 Michael Pugh, . . 
 Richard Penrose, . 
 Francis Parvin,. . 
 Thomas Reed, . . 
 Moses Starr, . . . 
 Michael Starr, , . 
 Moses Starr, Jr., . 
 John Scarlet, . . 
 Jacob Thomas, . . 
 Wm. Tomlinson, . 
 Rob. Valentine, . 
 Isaac Wickersham, 
 John Wells, . . . 
 James Wood, . . 
 
 Germans not Friends 
 
 John Bartlett, . 
 Stephen Barnard, 
 Jacob Dexter, . 
 Fred. Delaplank, 
 Christian Kinsey, 
 Abram Levan, 
 Jacob Levan, , 
 Conrad Reiss, , 
 Ellis Richt, . . 
 Jacob Weiss,. . 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 lo 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 I 
 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 2 lO 
 
 8 o 
 
 3 10' 
 3 o 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 O 
 O 
 O 
 O 
 O 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 Total, 
 
 ;^I70 lO 
 
 ' Goshen. 
 
 Aaron Ashbridge, 
 George Ashbridge, 
 Joshua Baldwin, 
 Alexander Bane, 
 Ellis Davis, . . 
 Thos. Evans, . 
 Isaac Haines, . 
 Thos. Goodwyn, 
 Thos. Hoopea, . 
 John Holland, . 
 Benj. Hibberd, 
 Joseph James, . 
 Rich'd Jones, . 
 Nathan Lewis, . 
 Nathan Matlack, 
 Randal Malin, . 
 Thos. Milthouse, Jr 
 Wm. Starr, . . 
 George Smedley, 
 Rob. Valentine, 
 Amos Yarnall, . 
 Amos Yarnall, Jr., 
 
 Total, 
 
 Gwynedd. 
 
 John Ambler, . 
 Joseph Ambler, 
 Joseph Ambler, J 
 Robert Davis, . 
 John Edwards,. 
 Robert Edwards, 
 Abraham Evans, 
 Owen Evans, . 
 Thomas Evans,. 
 John Forman, . 
 Thos. Foulke, . 
 Wm. Foulke, . 
 Amos Griffith, . 
 
 £ 
 lo 
 
 20 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 5 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 lo 
 
 £ 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 I 
 
 lO 
 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 
 J. 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 ID 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 2 lO 
 
 £%(> o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 2 lO 
 lO o 
 
103 
 
 Hugh Griffith, . 
 Ellis Hughes, . 
 Edw. Hughes, . 
 Hugh Jones,. . 
 Isaac Jones, . . 
 Jesse Jones, 
 John Jones, . . 
 Rob't Jones,. . 
 Jacob Kashner, 
 Abram Lukens,. 
 Enos Lewis, . . 
 Garret Peters, . 
 Eldad Roberts,. 
 John Roberts, . 
 John Roberts, Jr 
 Rob' t Roberts, . 
 Jonathan Robeson 
 Geo. Shoemaker, 
 John Thomas, . 
 Rich'd Thomas, 
 Dan'l Williams, 
 John Williams,. 
 Abram Waggoner, 
 
 £ 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 lO 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 IS 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 2 
 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 Total, ;£i48 lo 
 
 Kennett. 
 
 Joel Bailey, . 
 Dan'l Bailey, 
 Thos Carleton, 
 Thos. Harlan, 
 David Hayes, 
 Amos Hope, . 
 Amos Harvey, 
 Wm. Harvey, 
 Jacob Janney, 
 Wm. Levis, . 
 Eliz'th Levis, 
 Ruth Mendenhall, 
 
 £ 
 
 i. 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
 2 
 
 ID 
 
 lO 
 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 5 ° 
 
 5 
 
 lo o 
 
 2 10 
 
 Ann Mendenhall, 
 Benj. Mendenhall, 
 Isaac Mendenhall, 
 Sam'l Levis, Jr., 
 Lewis Lewis,. . 
 Caleb Pierce, . 
 Rob't Peirce, . 
 David Nichols,. 
 Thos. Temple, . 
 Jacob Way, . . 
 Jas. Wickersham, 
 
 £ 
 
 J. 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 lO 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 Total, £\oi 05 
 
 Nottingham. 
 
 £ 
 
 James Brown, 10 
 
 Joshua Brown, 4 
 
 George Churchman, . . 4 
 John Churchman, . . . 16 
 
 Total, £z\ 
 
 o 
 10 
 10 
 
 Plymouth. 
 
 John Bell, 
 
 Caleb Burne, . 
 Andrew Cramer, 
 Barnabas Colson, 
 Geo. Castner, . 
 Dennis Cunrad, 
 Henry Cunrad, 
 Sam'l Coulston, 
 Abram Davis, . 
 John Davis, . . 
 Sam'l Davis, . . 
 Wm. Davis, . . 
 Joseph Dickenson 
 John Delaplaine, 
 John Eastburne, 
 Rob't Eastburne, 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
I04 
 
 Sam'l Evans, 
 Isaac Ellis, . 
 Jos. Halwell, 
 John Jones, . 
 Joseph Jones, 
 Wm. Lawrence, 
 Aaron Meredith, 
 John Morris,. . 
 Sam'l Morris, . 
 Wm. Morris, . 
 Peter Matson, . 
 Merchant Maulsby, 
 David Morris, . 
 JobPugh,. . . 
 Michael Pugh, . 
 Wm. Robeson,. 
 John Robinson, 
 John Rees, . . 
 Ellis Roberts, . 
 Joseph Roberts, 
 Roger ^oger, . 
 James Stroud, . 
 Wm. Stroud, . 
 Edw. Stroud, Jr.. 
 Jonas Supplee, . 
 Nathan Shepperd 
 Joseph Trotter, 
 Joseph Wain, . 
 James Wood, . 
 Herman Yerkes, 
 
 Total, . . . 
 
 2 lO 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 3° 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 Providence. 
 
 John Calvert, . . . 
 Cadwallader Evans,. 
 Robert Evans, . . . 
 
 Wm. Fell 
 
 Jno. Fairlamb, . . . 
 
 3 10 
 I lo 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 IS 
 2 
 2 
 
 O 
 O 
 O 
 O 
 lO 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 ;^24I 10 
 
 £ 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 Rich'd Gorman, 
 Jno. Heacock, . 
 Henry Howard, 
 George Miller, . 
 John Minchall,. 
 Thos. Minchall, 
 Sam'l Parke,. . 
 James Pennell, . 
 Robert Pennell, 
 John Pennell, Jr. 
 James Sharpless, 
 Sam'l Sharpless, 
 George Smedley, 
 Joshua Smedley, 
 Nathan Taylor, 
 Peter Taylor, . 
 Jonathan Vernon 
 Moses Vernon, . 
 Nathan Yarnall, 
 Philip Yarnall, . 
 
 Total, . . 
 
 Richland. 
 
 Robert Ashton, 
 Thos. Adamson, 
 John Dennis, . 
 Joseph Dennis,. 
 Thos. Blackledge, 
 Wm. Edwards,. 
 John Foulke, . 
 Sam'l Foulke, 
 Theophilus Foulke, 
 Thomas Foulke, 
 William Heacock 
 Lewis Lewis,. . 
 Morris Morris, . 
 Rob't Penrose,. 
 David Roberts,. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 lO 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 o 
 
 lo 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 lO 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 ;£92 °S 
 
 £ 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 I 
 
 IS 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 S lo 
 
 2 O 
 
 I 
 lO 
 lO 
 
 IS 
 
 4 lo 
 I o 
 
los 
 
 Edw'd Roberts, . 
 Abel Roberts, . . 
 Nathan Roberts, . 
 
 
 £ 
 
 IS 
 8 
 I 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 J. 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 Springfield 
 
 James Bartram, . . 
 Isaac Howell, . . . 
 
 , 
 
 £ 
 
 IS 
 10 
 
 s. 
 
 
 
 Rich'd Roberts, . 
 
 Total, .... 
 
 . I 
 
 
 Thos. Roberts, . . 
 
 '2S 
 
 
 
 Sam' 1 Shaw 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Edw'd Thomas, . 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Thomas, . . 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Westtown. 
 
 
 
 
 Thomas Thomas, . 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 Total, .... 
 Sadsbury and Li 
 
 mcaster. 
 £ 
 
 
 Jos. James, .... 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 s. 
 
 West Calne, b'c. 
 
 
 
 Wm. Downing, . 
 
 • ■ • S 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 James Moore, . . 
 
 
 • S 
 
 
 
 Wm. Kirk, .... 
 
 . I 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 Thos. Poultney, . 
 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 Simon Meredith, . 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 Caleb Steward,. . 
 
 
 . I 
 
 
 
 John Mereditti, . . 
 
 . 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Isaac Whitelock, . 
 
 
 • 15 
 
 
 
 Thos. Martin, . . 
 Total, 
 
 • 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Total, . . . 
 
 ■ ■ J 
 
 ^27 
 
 10 
 
 £s 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 SUMMAR 
 
 Y— 1758. 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ s- 
 
 d. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 City, : 
 
 2,477 12 
 
 
 
 Providence, . . 
 
 92 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Abington, . 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 Richland, . . . 
 
 129 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 East Calne, 
 
 
 3 ° 
 
 
 
 Sadsbury, &c., . 
 
 27 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Exeter, &c., 
 
 
 170 10 
 
 
 
 Springfield,. . . 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 Goshen, . 
 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 Westtown, . . . 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gwynedd, . 
 
 
 148 10 
 
 107 5 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 
 
 West Calne, . . 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Kennett, . . 
 Nottingham, 
 
 Grand total, ^^i 
 
 611 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 Plymouth, . 
 
 
 241 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 About 1 1 0,000. 
 
 
 
 
 At the meeting on the 4th of First Month, 1759, no 
 business transpired of interest. The committee re- 
 ported they forwarded a letter to Israel Pemberton. 
 
io6 
 
 On the 23d of same month, it was announced 
 that — 
 
 "Thomas King, Totienonah, Shackalamy, and several other In- 
 dians in the British interest, are come to town from the westward. 
 Richard Wistar, Isaac Zane, Jacob Shoemaker, and the Clerk, are 
 desired to converse with them, and if they are in want of clothing 
 or other necessaries, to make them presents on account of the 
 Friendly Association. 
 
 "Thomas Say, Richard Wistar, and James Pemberton, are desired 
 forthwith to join Israel Pemberton, William Callender, and Abel 
 James in revising the minutes of this Association, to be sent to our 
 friends in England. 
 
 "In consideration of the late eminent services of Frederic 
 Post, in going of messages for the government into the Indian 
 country, and conducting therein with integrity in promoting the 
 good work of peace, it is agreed, that the Treasurer do pay him out 
 of the fund of this Association, the sum of twenty-five pounds. 
 Also agreed, that the Treasurer do pay the sum of five pounds to 
 William Hayes, he having accompanied the said Frederic Post, on 
 one of his journeys, and conducted, from all we have heard, very 
 well . " Adj ourn ed . 
 
 Although not pertaining strictly to the affairs of the 
 Friendly Association, it is worthy of note, that on the 
 13th of this month "the Meeting for Sufferings" sent an 
 address to Governor Denny, vindicating Friends, from 
 malicious charges, of seeking to inj'ure the reputation 
 of the Proprietaries by unduly influencing the Indians 
 to complain of frauds, &c. The following is a copy 
 of the address : — 
 
 ^'To William Denny, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of 
 Pennsylvania, and the Council of the said Province : 
 
 " The address of the Meeting for Sufferings of the people called 
 Quakers, in the said Province and New Jersey, respectfully sheweth, 
 that we have seriously considered the answer given by the Governor 
 the loth instant to our address, presented on the 14th of last 
 month, and believe it to be our duty, in justice to ourselves and 
 
1 6/ 
 
 our Friends whom we are appointed to represent, now to renew our 
 request to the Governor and his Council, to favor us with a copy of 
 the report of the committee of Council, appointed by the Gov- 
 ernor to inquire into the complaints of the Indians at the Treaty at 
 Easton, y** 8th Nov., 1756, and we humbly desire our address may 
 be again considered and our request granted, that we may have an 
 opportunity of vindicating ourselves from the aspersions cast on us, 
 and of giving a true account of our conduct and proceedings in 
 the late negotiations of this Government with the Indians, by 
 which we have no doubt of being able to obviate any cause for ob- 
 jections thereto, and making it evident to our superiors and all 
 others, that we have acted through the course of our transactions, 
 in the fear of God, with loyalty to our gracious King, and a most 
 sincere concern, to put a stop to the ravages, distresses, and blood- 
 shed, which prevail on our frontier inhabitants, and to promote the 
 real interest and peace of our country. 
 
 "We are the more earnestly engaged to urge this request, as we 
 have received undoubted intelligence from our Friends in London, 
 that though the name of our religious society may not be expressly 
 mentioned in the said report of Council, yet it evidently appears to 
 be designed to lay on us, the whole blame of the late Indian ravages, 
 as a paragraph of the said report communicated to us, is to the 
 following effect :^' We cannot but impute the said Teedyuscung's 
 making the base charge of forgery against the Proprietaries, to the 
 malicious suggestions and management of some wicked people, 
 enemies to the Proprietaries, and perhaps it would not be unjust in 
 us, if we were to impute it to some of those busy, forward people, 
 who, in disregard of the express injunctions of his Majesty's 
 Ministers, it and your Honors repeated notices thereof served on 
 them, would nevertheless appear in such crowds at the late Indian 
 Treaties, and there shew themselves so busy and active, in the 
 management and support of the Indians, in those complaints against 
 the Proprietaries.' 
 
 "We are conscious of our innocence, and that we are not justly 
 chargeable with any act, to the injury of the Proprietaries of this 
 Province, either in their reputation or interest ; and it is now too 
 generally known here, to need any proof to be offered, that many 
 of us, have used our endeavors as far as we could, consistent with 
 our stations and a due regard to the Government under which we 
 live, for the restoring and confirming the peace of the Province ; 
 but as the insinuations of our influencing the Indians to complain of 
 
io8 
 
 injustice and fraud committed by the Proprietaries or their agents, 
 are made use of, to render us obnoxious to our superiors in Eng- 
 land, we are desirous of receiving from the Governor and Council, 
 the whole of these charges, in such manner that we may acquit 
 ourselves, and by manifesting the integrity of our principles and 
 practices, prevent the injuries which by this private attack on our 
 characters, seem to be intended against our interest and reputation 
 as a Religious Society. 
 
 "As the Governor on a former occasion, gave us assurance that he 
 would countenance and protect us in our religious and civil rights 
 and liberties, and that no act should be done during his adminis- 
 tration, by which either of them should be affected, without our 
 being heard in our own justification, we therefore desire the Gov- 
 ernor and Council, will on this interesting occasion, grant us a full 
 copy of the said report of Council, &c., and thereby indulge us 
 with the common rights of Englishmen, of being heard, before we 
 are condemned. 
 
 "If the Proprietaries were here, we should make our application 
 to them, agreeable to the Governor's directions ; but as it is not 
 practicable to do it without defeating our intention of doing our- 
 selves justice in a proper way and time, we desire the Governor 
 and Council, may not be displeased with this application, but may 
 give it the most charitable construction, and grant this our reason- 
 able request. 
 
 " Signed by appointment and on behalf of our said meeting, held 
 at Philadelphia, 13th First Month, 1759." 
 
 On the I St of Second Month, appears the following 
 minute : — 
 
 " Our friends, Hugh Roberts and Anthony Benezet, attended 
 this meeting, with a request from the 'Meeting for Sufferings' desir- 
 ing, that we would furnish Friends in England, with such minutes of 
 our proceedings in the business we have been engaged in, in promot- 
 ing a pacification with the Indians, as may demonstrate the injus- 
 tice of the charges contained against us in the report of the 
 Governor's Council sent to London, some time since to the Proprie- 
 taries, and handed about in order to reproach us, and the Society of 
 Friends, which is particularly recommended to the care of the 
 Committee appointed to that service." 
 
109 
 
 The committee on accounts, reported at the meeting 
 on the I St of Third Month, that the Association was 
 indebted to sundry persons to an amount, aggregating 
 three hundred and forty-one pounds fourteen shilHngs 
 six pence, and orders were drawn on the Treasurer for 
 that sum. It was agreed at this meeting, to pay Moses 
 Tetamie five pounds "when Israel Pemberton may 
 judge it will be most useful to him." There being a few 
 Conywaga Indians in the city, the standing Committee 
 was authorized to furnish them with needed things, to 
 an amount not exceeding twelve pounds. 
 
 The following agreement I find under this date: — 
 
 "Whereas, A brigade of horses are raised by Sam'l Lightfoot, 
 of Chester county, for the use of Israel Peraberton, to convey goods 
 and stores to Pittsbourg, and hath nominated, appointed, and 
 constituted Thomas Kinton of Monahan, in the county of York, 
 Master of said brigade, authorizing him to exercise, do and per- 
 form the authority, duty and service of packhorse-master over the 
 said brigade, if no casualty prevents ; — • 
 
 "Now it is hereby witnessed, that we, Joseph Wright, John 
 Mickle, Jr., James Hammond, Patrick Quin, Christian Miller, 
 have agreed with the said Sam Lightfoot, to undertake, do, and 
 perform the office, duty, and service of drivers of packhorses ; 
 that is to say, each of us shall, and will take the care, oversight, 
 and charge of six of said horses, if so many are committed to us 
 or any of us. And we do each of us hereby promise, and agree, 
 faithfully, and honestly to perform the duty and service of pack- 
 horse-drivers, according to the best of our skill and ability, and 
 duly observe the directions and instructions of the said Thomas 
 Kinton, or whom the said Israel Pemberton shall appoint as pack- 
 horse-master, in all his proper and reasonable commands, until we 
 are discharged out of this service. 
 
 "In consideration of which service, thus performed, the said 
 Sam Lightfoot, in behalf of the said Israel Pemberton, doth hereby 
 covenant, promise, and agree, to find and provide for each of the 
 said drivers, one matchcoat, and one blanket, if needed, and 
 suitable and sufficient provision of meat and drink, and pay unto 
 
no 
 
 each of them, three shillings lawful money, for each day during 
 their continuance in the said service. 
 
 "For the true performance of which agreement, we have here- 
 unto interchangeably set our hands, this first day, of the Third 
 Month, A. D. 1759, in the county of York. 
 
 "And further, it is hereby agreed by the said parties, that any of 
 
 the said drivers, shall have their discharge, at any time on giving 
 
 suitable notice, so as not to discommode the said Pemberton or his 
 
 agent. 
 
 " JOSEPH WRIGHT, 
 
 "JAMES HAMMOND, 
 
 "JOHN MICKLE, Jr., 
 
 his 
 
 " CHRISTIAN (C M) MILLER, 
 
 mark, 
 his 
 
 "PATRICK (P Q) QUIN. 
 
 mark. 
 
 In presence of — 
 
 William Beals, 
 James Hammel. 
 
 " By John Forbes, Esq., Brigadier- General of his Majesty's forces, 
 Colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment of foot, and commanding his 
 Majesty's forces in the Southern Provinces of North America, 
 Qyc, &'c., Ss'c. 
 
 " Whereas, A power and authority is given by me, to Israel Pem- 
 berton, to carry to Pittsburg such Indian goods as he has upon 
 hand, to trafifick with Indians upon just and equitable terms, and 
 under the eye and direction of the commanding officer, at Pitts- 
 bourg (now Colonel Mercer), there. 
 
 "Wherefore, all commanding officers of his Majesty's forces, as 
 well as those of the Provinces, are hereby directed and required, to 
 give all aid and assistance, in the safe conduct of the above stores 
 unto Israel Pemberton, or whom he shall appoint as commissary for 
 carrying the said goods to Pittsbourgh ; and the commanding officers 
 of forts and garrisons, are by no means, to suffer any men or horses 
 employed in this service, to be carried away, or any ways stopt in 
 doing their duty, either in going from y^ inhabited parts to Pitts- 
 bourgh, or in their return home. The commanding officer at Pitts- 
 bourgh, is hereby required and directed, to give all aid and assistance 
 to Israel Pemberton or his commissary, in building stores, escortes, 
 
Ill 
 
 &c., for the preservation and protection of the goods, and take 
 particular care, that in the sale and barter of their goods, they con- 
 form to the prices and regulations fixed by the Provincial Commis- 
 sioners, to prevent confusion in the trade. 
 
 "Given under my hand, at the Three Tuns, this 15th January, 
 
 1759- 
 
 "JO. FORBES. 
 " To all officers concerned. 
 
 " Brigadier-General Forbes, having been pleased to grant the 
 within powers, respecting the Indian trade, to Mr. Israel Pemberton 
 of Philadelphia, these, are to confirm and continue the same, of 
 which all officers, civil and military, are to take notice, and regulate 
 their conduct accordingly. 
 
 " Given at Philadelphia this fourth day of April, 1759. 
 
 "JOHN STANWIX." 
 
 It appears from a letter of Israel Pemberton, that he 
 sent some two thousand pounds' worth of goods to 
 Pittsburg, where a treaty was to be held, between the 
 Indians and General Forbes, then stationed at Fort 
 Pitt. The money contributed to this object, came 
 largely from the Germans ; the balance, was from his 
 private purse. There is no mention of this liberal 
 donation, upon the books of the Association. 
 
 On 9th of Fourth Month, a Committee was appointed, 
 to collect in such accounts against the Association, as 
 remained unpaid, and to prepare a full statement of 
 its financial condition, to be laid before the General 
 Meeting on the 1 9th. 
 
 "Joseph Morris, Jacob Lewis, Owen Jones, and James Pember- 
 ton, are to give notice of the General Meeting, to be held on the 
 19th, at ten o'clock, at Friends' Schoolhouse, to all the contributors 
 below Chestnut street. Isaac Zane, Jacob Shoemaker, and Jere- 
 miah Warder, are to notify contributors between Chestnut and Arch 
 Streets, and William Callender, Thomas Say, and the Clerk, under- 
 take to notify contributors in town above Arch street, as well as 
 
112 
 
 those that live in the Northern Liberties. Israel Pemberton, is 
 requested to write some of the principal contributors in each neigh- 
 borhood in the country, that all may be reminded of the time of 
 our General Meeting. Israel Pemberton, Owen Jones, and Isaac 
 Zane, are appointed to wait upon General Amherst, now in this 
 city, to acquaint him with the motives which induced Friends of 
 this Province, to enter into this Association, and of our past con- 
 duct and present views. ' ' 
 
 On the 1 6th of Fourth Month, the committee on ac- 
 counts, reported that the Association owed to various 
 persons, eighty-three pounds eighteen shillings and 
 nine pence, and orders were drawn on the Treasurer, 
 canceling the indebtedness. Space is left for the 
 report of the committee who waited upon General 
 Amherst, which I have been unable to find. 
 
 At the General Meeting, on the 19th of Fourth 
 Month, 1759, the following Trustees and Treasurer, 
 were chosen by ballot : — 
 
 Israel Pemberton, Thomas Say, James Pemberton, 
 Jacob Lewis, Isaac Zane, Hugh Roberts, Owen Jones, 
 Jeremiah Warder, Isaac Howell, Abel James, Jonathan 
 Mifflin, George Miller, Joshua Morris, Abraham 
 Dawes, Charles West, Jr., and Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., 
 Trustees, and for Treasurer, John Reynell. Obliga- 
 tions were given as heretofore, for the faithful per- 
 formance of their trust. 
 
 It was agreed to meet hereafter, at Alexander Sea- 
 ton's, on the Fifth day of the first week in every month, 
 at three o'clock, P. M., or more frequently, if deemed 
 necessary by Israel Pemberton, Isaac Zane, Jeremiah 
 Warder, Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., and the Clerk. These 
 Friends, were authorized to perform such " lesser ser- 
 vices as may occur, which will not involve calling all 
 the Trustees together." 
 
"3 
 
 On the 1 6th of Seventh Month, Israel Pemberton ac- 
 quainted the meeting that General Stanwix had desired 
 him " to purchase and get ready to be forwarded to- 
 wards Pittsburg, (late Fort Du Quesne) a large quan- 
 tity of goods suitable for clothing and other uses of 
 the Indians, that may come to that place, to be given 
 them at the expense of the British Government, to 
 promote peace, and confirm the Indians that way in the 
 British interest," &c. It was deemed very desirable to 
 forward these goods with the utmost dispatch, and 
 Israel Pemberton, Hugh Roberts, Jacob Shoemaker, 
 Jr., and Abel James, were appointed to make enquiry 
 concerning the matter, and call a meeting whenever it 
 was deemed necessary. 
 
 On the 2d of Eighth Month, the above Committee 
 reported, that goods bought by Israel Pemberton, had 
 been "sent towards Pittsburg, by persons that have vol- 
 untarily engaged in carrying them up at a small ad- 
 ditional .expense, over the customary rates paid by 
 the government." 
 
 On the 4th of Tenth Month, William Shipley pre- 
 sented an account, for two dozen dried tongues 
 furnished Isaac Zane for his journey to Wyoming, 
 amounting to forty-eight shillings, which the Treasurer 
 is desired to "discount in settling his subscription." 
 Friends were notified that a lad about sixteen years 
 old, had just been released from captivity by some In- 
 dians, and brought into Shamokin. A committee was 
 appointed "to get him some learning and clothing, at 
 the expense of this Association." Also, to furnish 
 Abraham Locquies, "an ancient Indian, with clothing 
 or any other acceptable present, he being about to 
 go to Wyoming to his children." Also, to supply 
 "Teedyuscung and some other Indians, now in town, 
 
114 
 
 with necessaries. The whole not to exceed twenty 
 pounds in value." 
 
 On the I St of Eleventh Month, the committee re- 
 ported that the lad above mentioned had been taken 
 by the Commissioners for the Indian trade into their 
 service. 
 
 On the 6th of Twelfth Month, a minute states : — 
 
 "Two Indian messengers being in this city from Alleghany, and 
 also present at this meeting, who are charged with messages to the 
 westward to several of the Indian natives on the branches of the 
 Susquehanna, in order to bring about a general treaty between the 
 Indians and this and adjacent Provinces next summer, therefore, 
 it is agreed, that Israel Pemberton, Isaac Zane, Isaac Howell, and 
 Jacob Shoemaker, Jr, be a committee, to assist in getting them 
 furnished by the Provincial Commissioners, with such things as they 
 may want, and to contribute thereto, out of the fund of this Asso- 
 ciation, any sum not exceeding twenty-five pounds. And said com- 
 mittee may furnish Teedyuscung, with such things as they may judge 
 necessary, not exceeding twenty-five pounds value, to promote and 
 assist his continuing his care in bringing in more captives, (he 
 having now brought in four), as also to enable and encourage him 
 to attend such treaties amongst the Indians, where his personal at- 
 tendance may be beneficial to the affairs of these Provinces, and the 
 British interest." 
 
 " On the 2oth of Twelfth Month, the committee informed they 
 had given ' Tingoqua and the other Indian messengers lately come 
 to town, four strouds, four matchcoats, a brass kettle, four thou- 
 sand black, and four thousand white wampum, besides sundry lesser 
 articles, which he handsomely acknowledged the receipt of. And 
 that they gave Teedyuscung, six strouds, six matchcoats, and three 
 thousand wampum, which he in like manner acknowledged the re- 
 ceipt of, by thanking the Quakers for them, and went out of town 
 well satisfied.' 
 
 "It having often been under the solid consideration of the 
 Trustees and Treasurer of this Association, whether it might not 
 tend to promote the services in which we have been engaged, to 
 address the Proprietaries of this Province, and to write John Hunt 
 and some other of our Friends in London, informing them of 
 
IIS 
 
 the present situation of Indian affairs, and wliat appears to us just, 
 and absolutely serviceable to be done, in order to have peace with 
 the Indians and British colonies settled on a lasting foundation. — 
 It is now agreed that Israel Pemberton, Hugh Roberts, Isaac 
 Zane, and the Clerk be a committee, to make essays of them, and 
 when done, to call a meeting." 
 
 First Month 3d, 1760. Isaac Zane presented his 
 account, amounting to forty pounds eighteen shiUings 
 six pence, which was paid. 
 
 Second Month 7th, 1760. At this meeting it was 
 reported that "there are powers lately come from the 
 Proprietaries, to make the Indians reasonable satisfac- 
 tion, for their claims respecting lands. Accordingly, 
 Israel Pemberton, Isaac Zane, and the Clerk, were 
 appointed to wait upon the Governor ; and John Rey- 
 nell, Owen Jones, and Hugh Roberts to wait upon 
 William Logan, or any others, from whom it may be 
 likely to obtain intelligence concerning this matter. 
 Said committees, having power to call a meeting to 
 deliberate further thereon." 
 
 These Committees, made report on the 14th of Sec- 
 ond Month, that Governor Hamilton had authority from 
 the Proprietaries, to settle all matters in dispute about 
 lands on the Delaware River, as mentioned at the 
 Easton treaty, and that he would seek to do so, at the 
 earliest opportunity. William Logan confirmed this 
 statement of the Governor. Nevertheless, the Com- 
 mittee appointed to address the Proprietaries, were 
 continued. 
 
 On the 2ist of Second Month, they reported pro- 
 o-ress. Information was given at this meeting, that the 
 Assembly had ordered the printing of some Indian 
 treaties for distribution. Whereupon Israel Pember- 
 ton and the Clerk, were directed to inquire of some 
 
ii6 
 
 members of Assembly " what number it Is proposed 
 to have printed," and to encourage that body to 
 issue "such a number, as may admit Friends and 
 others, generally to have them." 
 
 On the 1 8th of Third Month, "An essay of an 
 address to the Proprietaries was read, considered, 
 and after some alteradons and additions approved." 
 The Committee were requested, to make an essay of 
 a letter to John Hunt and John Fotherglll, to accom- 
 pany said address, and to have two fair copies made, 
 and to call a meeting to consider the essay, and sign 
 the address. 
 
 On the 20th of Third Month, two fair copies of the 
 letter and the address were read, approved, and signed 
 by all present. Israel Pemberton forwarded the same. 
 
 On the 3d of Fourth Month, 1 760, committees were 
 appointed to notify contributors In the city and country 
 of the General Meeting to take place on the 19th Inst. 
 
 Thomas Say and Charles West, Jr. were to inform 
 those contributors living above Arch street. 
 
 Hugh Roberts, Owen Jones, and Jeremiah Warder, 
 those between Arch and Market streets. 
 
 Jacob Shoemaker and Isaac Howell, those between 
 Market and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Jacob Lewis and James Pemberton, those contribu- 
 tors residing below Chestnut street. 
 
 Abraham Dawes, those In his neighborhood, and 
 Israel Pemberton, to notify some of the principal con- 
 tributors in different country neighborhoods. 
 
 Committees were also appointed, to examine and 
 prepare the minutes of last year, as also a financial 
 statement to be laid before the General Meeting. 
 
 " Inasmuch as Teedyuscung, Moses Tetamie, and some 
 other Indians were to accompany Frederic Post and 
 
117 
 
 John Hayes, as messengers from this Government, to 
 Indians on the Ohio, a Committee of four Friends, 
 were appointed to confer with the Provincial Commis- 
 sioners, and ascertain if this Association can be 
 serviceable in fitting them out for the journey, and 
 were authorized to contribute a sum, not exceeding 
 fifty pounds, to this end." 
 
 On the loth of Fourth Month, this Committee re- 
 ported, that they had agreed to contribute to the ex- 
 penses of the journey. They stated, also, that Moses 
 Tetamie desired Friends to take some notice of his 
 daughter during his absence; and a Committee of 
 four Friends were appointed, " to get her boarded in a 
 reputable house, where she may have the advantage 
 of some schooling." 
 
 On the 19th of Fourth Month, the Committee ap- 
 pointed to examine the Treasurer's accounts state : — 
 
 "That since the adjustment of accounts last year, he hath re- 
 ceived from sundry members of this Association, the sum of ;^443 
 IIS. 6d., which with the balance of -£41 19s. 4d. remaining in his 
 hands last year, amounts to_;^485 4s. lod., and, that he hath paid, in 
 pursuance of orders and direction of the Trustees, ;^238 os. ^d., 
 being the amount of all accounts brought in, so that there now re- 
 mains in his hands _;^247 4s. 9j^d. The general state of the accounts 
 being prepared, all the managers present agreed to attend with them 
 at the General Meeting immediately, and lay them before such 
 Committee as may be there appointed, to examine and adjust the 
 same." 
 ************** 
 
 Here endeth the " minute-book," and the continuity 
 of this narrative. 
 
 Precisely when this useful organization closed its la- 
 bors, has long been a matter of doubt, some claiming 
 that it was in existence as late as 1767, but upon what 
 evidence does not appear. 
 
ii8 
 
 In a work entitled "North American Indians and 
 Friends," published by the Aborigines Committee of 
 the Meeting for Sufferings (London, 1844), it is stated 
 (page 91) that the "Friendly Association" continued 
 until "the time of the definitive treaty of lyS^." In the 
 absence of better authority, the above should be 
 regarded as the correct date. 
 
 The condition of the Indian tribes, during the " seven 
 years' " war, was characteristically described by a chief, 
 who said to an Englishman, " You and the French, are 
 like the two edges of a pair of shears. We, are the 
 cloth, which is cut to pieces between them." They 
 sued for peace, and the stipulations demanded, were 
 complied with in 1764. General Gage, congratulates 
 Lord Halifax, under date of "December 13th," (this 
 year), " that the country is restored to its former tran- 
 quillity, and that a general and, it is hoped, lasting 
 peace is concluded with all the Indian nations who 
 have taken up arms against his Majesty." 
 
 These facts, are confirmatory of the statement, that 
 as an organized body, the " Friendly Association " 
 ceased to exist at or near the date of the " definitive 
 treaty " above mentioned. Moreover, about this time 
 also, the Indians, from various causes, moved west- 
 ward in large numbers. 
 
 In 1773, Zebulon Heston and John Parrish, traveled 
 some four hundred and fifty miles from Philadelphia, 
 (beyond the Ohio), to visit the Indians. (See Appendix 
 for Epistles they carried with them.) It was through 
 the labors of the " Friendly Association " that our 
 Religious Society, was brought to see the necessity 
 of using its powerful influence, officially, to shelter 
 the too-confiding Indians. The present Committees 
 on Indian Affairs appointed by the various Yearly 
 
119 
 
 Meetings throughout this country, are so many scions 
 from this parent stem. 
 
 In 1792, when the Indians and this Government were 
 at war, the Yearly Meeting " nominated a large Com- 
 mittee, to unite with the Meeting for Sufferings, to en- 
 deavor to promote a termination of hostiUties." To this 
 end they " memoriahzed the President and Congress." 
 
 In 1 795, the Committee " for promoting the improve- 
 ment and gradual civilization of the Indian Natives," 
 was appointed by the Yearly Meeting of Pennsylvania, 
 New Jersey, &c. They sent letters to the various 
 Tribes, with one " from the Secretary of State, express- 
 ive of the approbation of the Executive Government," 
 &c., and soon thereafter commenced their civilizing 
 and Christianizing work, by sending suitable Friends 
 to live among them. (See Appendix for names of 
 above Committee, &c.) 
 
 From this date the Yearly Meetings, have had the 
 Indians under their care. 
 
 In conclusion, I would state, that the preparation of 
 this history of the Friendly Association, (which I beHeve 
 to be more full than any preceding one, embracing 
 about four years of its existence,) has been a pleasing 
 task. And whereas, one hundred and twenty years 
 ago, the then littie colony of Pennsylvania, through its 
 political machinery, sought to overthrow the Asso- 
 ciation whose history we have been considering ; in our 
 day, a great Nation, through its chosen head, seeks 
 the council and aid, of those who can rightfully claim 
 religious fellowship with the members of the Friendly 
 Association, to promote the work of peace with Indians, 
 which they commenced. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 BOND OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE FRIENDLY 
 ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents, That we, Israel Pember- 
 ton, Isaac Zane, Jacob Lewis, Charles West, Junr., Abel James, 
 James Pemberton, Jeremiah Warder, David Deshler, Joshua How- 
 ell, Thomas Say, William Lightfoot, Jacob Shoemaker, Junr., Isaac 
 Howell, George Miller, Abraham Dawes, and Francis Rawle Trus- 
 tees chosen by the General Meeting of the members of the Friendly 
 Association for regaining and preserving peace with the Indians by 
 pacific measures, are held and firmly bound unto Jeremiah Elfreth, 
 Richard Parker, Benja? Hooten, Owen Jones, Isaac Greenleafe, 
 Jacob Shoemaker, Senr., Anthony Benezet, Henry Drinker, Rob- 
 ert Parrish, John Drinker, Junr., Daniel Offley, Joseph Jacob, all 
 of the city of Philadelphia, Joshua Morris, of Abington, Thomas 
 Evan, of Gwynnedd, Samuel Foulke, of Richland, Bucks county, 
 and Aaron Ashbridge, of Goshen, Chester county, members of 
 said Association, and to the survivors or survivor of them, and to 
 their, or his assigns, in the sum of two thousand pounds lawful 
 money of Pennsylvania, to be paid to the said Jeremiah Elfreth, 
 Richard Parker, Benjamin Hooten, Owen Jones, Isaac Greenleafe, 
 Jacob Shoemaker, Senr., Anthony Benezet, Henry Drinker, Rob- 
 ert Parrish, John Drinker, Junr., Daniel OfHey, Joseph Jacob, 
 Joshua Morris, Thomas Evan, Samuel Foulke, and Aaron Ash- 
 bridge, and the survivors or survivor of them, their certain attorney 
 or assigns, to the which payment well and truly to be made and 
 done, we do bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, 
 and every of them severally but not jointly, nor one of us for the 
 act of the others. Seal' d with our seals, dated the twenty-first day of 
 the Fifth Month, called May, in the first year of the reign of King 
 George the Third, and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven 
 hundred and sixty-one. 
 
 (121) 
 
122 
 
 The condition of this obligation is such, that if the above 
 bounden Israel Pemberton, Isaac Zane, Jacob Lewis, Charles West, 
 Junr., Abel James, James Pemberton, Jeremiah Warder, David 
 Deshler, Joshua Howell, Thomas Say, William Lightfoot, Jacob 
 Shoemaker, Junr., Isaac Howell, George Miller, Abraham Dawes, 
 and Francis Rawle, as Trustees of the said Friendly Association, 
 keep fair minutes of their resolutions and proceedings, and render 
 a just and true account of all sums of money contributed by the 
 members of the said Association, and entrusted with the said Trus- 
 tees, and shall at the time of the next general election of Trustees, 
 or at any other time, when thereunto required by the General 
 Meeting of the members of the said Association, render and sub- 
 mit their said minutes and accounts to the examination of such 
 committee or committees, as may be appointed or chosen by the 
 said General Meeting, and by proper vouchers, prove that the sev- 
 eral sums contributed for the service of the said Association and 
 entrusted with them, are or have been applied to the uses and pur- 
 poses thereby intended, agreeable to the rules and articles made 
 by the said General Meeting for that end, and no part thereof to 
 the private use or service of the said Trustees, nor of any of them; 
 and if they shall in all things well and truly fulfill, observe, and 
 keep the rules, articles, and agreements concluded and agreed 
 upon by the General Meeting of the members of the said Associa- 
 tion, without claiming, retaining, or receiving any fee, gratuity, or 
 reward whatsoever, then this obligation to become void ; otherwise 
 to be and remain, in full force and virtue. 
 
 Joshua Howell, 
 
 Thos. Say, 
 
 Wm. Lightfoot, 
 
 Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., 
 
 Isaac Howell, 
 
 Abraham Dawes, 
 
 Isaac Greenleafe, 
 
 ISR. Pemberton, [l. s.] 
 
 Sealed and delivered by Israel Pemberton, Isaac Zane, Charles 
 West, Junior, Abel James, James Pemberton, David Deshler, Wm. 
 Lightfoot, Jacob Shoemaker, Jr. , and Isaac Howell in presence of — 
 
 William Beder, 
 Alexr. Seaton. 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 Isaac Zane, 
 
 [l. 
 
 S.J 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 Jere'ah Warder, 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 Chars. West, Junr., 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 Abel James, 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 James Pemberton, 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 Jacob Lewis, 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.] 
 
 Tl. 
 
 S-1 
 
 David Deshler. 
 
 [l. 
 
 s.J 
 
123 
 
 Sealed and delivered by Jer. Warder and Thos. Say, in pres- 
 ence of — 
 
 Thos. Canby, 
 Jos. Fox. 
 
 Sealed and delivered by Jacob Lewis, in presence of— 
 
 RoBT. Lewis, Junr., 
 John Reynell. 
 
 Sealed and delivered the 29th Seventh Month, 1761, by Isc. 
 Greenleafe and Abm. Dawes, in the presence of— 
 
 John Elliott, 
 Isaac Lobdell. 
 
 Sealed and delivered by Josa. Howell, in presence of— 
 
 Alexr. Seaton, 
 Moses Patterson. 
 
 CERTIFICATE OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE FRIENDLY 
 ASSOCIATION. 
 
 ^^ nd 
 
 Philadelphia, ^^ Day of ^ Month, ije^cf 
 
 THIS is to certify, that ^oku Pemberton 
 of the City of Philadelphia 
 
 Jl/leTchaflt, hath contributed the Sum 
 
 of 6ne hundred Pounds to the 
 
 Friendly Affociation for regaining and preferving 
 Peace with the Indians by pacifick Meafures, and 
 is thereby become one of the Members of faid 
 Friendly Affociation. 
 
 Sohn Peynell Treafurer. 
 
124 
 
 A LIST OF PAPERS SENT TO JOHN HUNT, PER THE 
 "CAROLINA," SIXTH MONTH i8th, 1758. 
 
 A. — Description of the old town of Wyoming, in 1743. 
 
 B. — Copy of C. Weiser's minutes of conversations with Indians 
 at Fort Allen, November 20th, 1757. 
 
 C. — Intelligence from Susquehanna, April 23d, 1758. 
 
 D. — Intelligence from Susquehanna, May 20th, 1758. 
 
 E. — Minutes of Conferences, between Governor of Pennsylvania 
 and Teedyuscung, April 29th to May 5th, 1758. 
 
 F. — Teedyuscung's message, by his two sons, to tlie Ohio Indians, 
 April loth, 1758. 
 
 G. — Indian intelligence from Bethlehem, June ist, 1758. 
 
 H. — Minutes of Friendly Association, &c., 20th Fifth Month, 
 1758; with account of I. Zane's going to Wyoming, &c. 
 
 I. — Letter from I. Zane, at Wyoming, 29th Fifth Month, 1758. 
 
 K. — Message from the Cherokees to the Delawares. 
 
 L. M. — Copy of message, sent by Governor of Pennsylvania, June 
 7th, 1758, to Teedyuscung and the Delawares at Wyoming, and to 
 the Indians on the head of the Susquehanna, and its branches. 
 
 N. — Copy of instructions from the Governor of Pennsylvania, to 
 Charles Thomson and Frederick Post, messengers sent to Teedyus- 
 cung, &c., June 7th, 1758. 
 
 O. — Conferences between Teedyuscung and messengers from 
 Governor of Pennsylvania, &c., at Nescopuck, June 12th, 1758. 
 
 P. — C. Thomson and C. F. Post's Report, &c., to the Governor 
 and General Forbes. 
 
 Q. — Copy of a letter to John Hunt, Fifth Month, 31st. 
 
 R. — Message from the Cherokees to the Six Nations. 
 
 S. — Journal of F. Post, Commissioner sent to Wyoming. 
 
 T. — Journal of Moses Tetamie, sent to Minisink Indians. 
 
 U. — Minutes of Conferences with Indians at Philadelphia, July, 
 1758. The Penn Gazette of July, 1758. Copy of letter to J. 
 Hunt by the Packet, Sixth Month 29th, 1758. 
 
I2'5 
 
 CERTIFICATE TO ZEBULON HESTON AND JOHN 
 
 LACY. 
 
 " To the Indians living to the westward of the Province of Pennsyl- 
 vania, or any others among whom this writing may come ; 
 
 "The Friends, called Quakers, assembled at their Monthly Meet- 
 ing, in Wrightstown, in the County of Bucks in Pennsylvania, the 
 sixth day of the Seventh Month, in the year of our Lord 1773, 
 saluteth with love. 
 
 " The Great Spirit above, who created the world, and man to in- 
 habit it, having put into the heart of our beloved friend and 
 brother Zebulon Heston, to pay you a visit in the love of our Lord 
 and Saviour Jesus Christ, we hereby inform you, that he is a brother 
 who has long lived amongst us, is of a good life and conversation, 
 and we think, has been called by this Great Spirit, to give religious 
 advice and instruction to us, and others. And we much desire that 
 it may please the same Great Spirit, to be with him in his travels, and 
 enable him to perform his religious duty among you, and that your 
 hearts may be opened to feel what he may say to you, to be good, 
 and lead you to attend to the dictates of the Divine Spirit in your 
 own hearts, which will make you good men in this world, and 
 when you die, you will then live with that Great Spirit forever. 
 
 "We also think it necessary to inform you, that our brother Zeb- 
 ulon Heston, being an old man, there comes a young man with 
 him, to be assistant to him in his long journey. His name is John 
 Lacy. (He) is of a sober life, and well esteemed by us. 
 
 "We recommend them both to the protection of the Great 
 Almighty Being, whom we profess to worship, and desire the In- 
 dians to be kind and loving towards them. 
 
 " Signed in and on behalf of our said Monthly Meeting, by 
 
 " Joseph Chapman, Thomas Ross, 
 
 Wm. Chapman, David Buckman, 
 
 Jno. Wilkinson, Wm. Lee, 
 
 Joseph Smith, Abr'm Chapman, 
 
 Jno. Hirst, John Terrey, 
 
 Benjam'n Wiggins, John Beaumont, 
 
 RoBT. Hillbourne, Thos. Hillbourn, 
 
 Stephen Twining, Wm. Atkinson, 
 
 John Terree, Junr., Moses Smith, 
 
 Wm. Smith, Joseph Hellbourne, 
 
126 
 
 Benjam'n Chapman, 
 Hampton Wilson, 
 Robert Veree, 
 Joseph White, 
 John Lacey Elder, 
 Thos. Whitson, 
 Josh. Morrisson, 
 Saml. Smith, 
 Isaac Kirke, 
 Thomas Betts, 
 John Hampton, 
 John Stocdale, 
 John Warner, 
 
 Benjam'n Hampton, 
 Sam'l Eastburn, 
 Isaac Wiggins, 
 Joseph Stradling, 
 Isaac Smith, 
 Jno. Watson, Junr., 
 Stephen Smith, 
 John Warner, Junr., 
 John Helme, 
 Thos. Atkinson, 
 Wm. Smith, 
 Joseph Hampton, 
 Issachar Morris." 
 
 CERTIFICATE TO JOHN PARRISH. 
 
 " To the Indians to the westward of Pennsylvania, or whom this may 
 concern, Greeting: 
 
 "The Great and Good Spirit above, who is the only true God, 
 the Maker and Creator of all things, and who made mankind to dwell 
 upon the earth, loveth them and would have them love, serve, and 
 worship Him that they may be happy here, and when they die and 
 go out of this world, they may go up to Him, and there be always 
 happy, and at rest, and die no more. 
 
 " This Great, Good, and Holy Spirit, having, as we believe put it 
 into the heart of our dear friend, Zebulon Heston, to visit some of 
 the Indian tribes to the westward of this Province, in love and 
 good-will, in order that they may be taught and instructed to love, 
 serve, obey, and worship the only true, holy, God, who hath placed 
 in the hearts of all men a principle or Good Spirit, that shews unto 
 them, good and evil ; — and the same Good Spirit having put it into 
 the heart of our friend, John Parrish, in love and good-will to ac- 
 company our friend Zebulon Heston, in his intended visit to the 
 Indians, we desire they may be rec'd in love, and that the Good 
 Spirit may open your ears and your hearts, to hear and understand 
 what they may have to say for your good, and instruction. We are 
 glad that the Great God, hath moved upon the hearts of these, our 
 friends, to make you this religious visit. They are true men, and 
 
127 
 
 love the Indians, and tlio' we do not, nor cannot appoint or send 
 any man to preach the gospel, yet we are glad that the Good Spirit 
 has put it into the hearts of these Friends, to visit you in brotherly 
 love. 
 
 ' ' And we do approve and concur with our Friend John Parrish, in 
 his present engagement to accompany our Friend Zebulon Heston, 
 with sincere desires that the Good Spirit may be with them, and 
 you, and prosper their way. 
 
 "We subscribe ourselves Your Friends. 
 
 "Signed in and on behalf of the Monthly Meeting of the people 
 called Quakers, for the Northern District of Philadelphia, held at 
 their meeting-house at the Bank, by adjournment, the 24th day of 
 the Sixth Month, 1773. 
 
 "Thomas Masterman, Hezekiah Williams, 
 
 Thomas Gilbert, Saml. Noble, 
 
 Robert Parrish, Charles West, 
 
 Joseph Drinker, David Estaugh, 
 
 Joseph Rakestraw, William Cowper, 
 
 Samuel Hopkins, Henry Drinker, 
 
 Joshua Emlen, John Hunt." 
 Saml. Sansom, 
 
 LETTER FROM REPRESENTATIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 ' ' To Netawattwalemun and the rest of the Head men of the Delaware 
 Indians at Kekaillammapaikung, and to John Papunehang, and 
 the rest of the Indian brethren at WelMck, Thuffeek, and to all 
 other Indians living beyond the Ohio, to whom these may come: 
 "Brethren:— Your friends, the people called Quakers, in Penn- 
 sylvania and New Jersey often remember you with desires for your 
 welfare and true happiness, and that the old friendship which was 
 made between your fathers and ours, may still be maintained, and 
 may ever continue between your and our children and grand- 
 children, from one generation to another; then it will always 
 be pleasing to us to hear from, and to see one another. 
 
 "Brethren :— The several messages we received from you, by our 
 brother Kilbuck, and Joseph Peepy, last year, and the year before, 
 made deep impression on the minds of such of us, as were present 
 when they were delivered, and have often since excited our 
 
128 
 
 thoughts of them. We, in our answers, informed you we were in 
 hopes the love of God thro' our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, 
 would engage and constrain some of the ministers of the gospel, to 
 visit you, and until such should be thus sent among you, we desired 
 you to attend diligently to the instructions of the Spirit of Christ 
 within you, by which you may come to know your duty to God 
 and one unto another. 
 
 "Brethren : — We are all of us unable rightly to obtain this saving 
 knowledge, by our own wisdom and strength; we should therefore 
 humbly, and diligently, wait for the Spirit of Christ to enlighten our 
 minds, and to give us the right understanding, by which we may see 
 that in a state of nature, we are weak, blind, and miserable, and can 
 never come to a state of true happiness, without a Saviour ; and if 
 we receive this understanding, with thankful hearts, and sincerely 
 desire the help of Christ, our Saviour, he will by the renewed 
 working of His Good Spirit, instruct us more and more. 
 
 "Brethren: — The ministers of Christ, who are really led by his 
 Spirit, and faithfully attend to His instructions, may be useful and a 
 great help to others, by informing them what they have tasted and 
 felt of His love, and when they speak from the constraints of that 
 love, are often instrumental to raise the feeling sense of it in those 
 to whom they speak, but all they can do, or should desire to do, is 
 to bring men to Christ, that they may know and feel Him for them- 
 selves, as he is graciously manifesting Himself by His Spirit within 
 them ; for that which is to be known of God, is manifested within ; 
 and without this knowledge, no outward performance of any kind 
 will work out their salvation, and bring them from a state of nature 
 to a state of grace, wherein they may witness salvation, thro' the 
 blood of Christ, which was shed for the redemption of all men. 
 
 "We fervently desire, you may come truly to know and experience 
 this, every one of you, in and for yourselves, for no man can do 
 this work for his brother, nor for his nearest friend. 
 
 "Brethren : — We write this to you, by our beloved Friend Zebu- 
 Ion Heston, whose mind being influenced with the love of Christ, 
 and constrained thereby, engages him to go and visit you, being 
 desirous, tho' an old man, to see you before he dies, and to express 
 something of the goodness of God, which he hath known to pre- 
 serve him from his youth to this day. He hath approved himself 
 a faithful minister of Christ, both in word and doctrine, and in 
 life and conversation, and we hope you will receive him, as our true 
 friend and brother. As the journey is long, he is accompanied by 
 
129 
 
 our friend and brother, John Parrish, whose love to you is so great, 
 that he is willing likewise, to go and see you. We sincerely desire 
 and pray, that they may be instrumental to do yOu good, and that 
 ' the blessing of God may attend you and them, and that you may 
 shew forth to them, that first mark of the disciples of Christ, which 
 is true love one unto another. i 
 
 "Your desire of having some religious instructors for your chil- 
 dren, we very heartily approve, and, as you have been before 
 informed, whenever we can find any rightly qualified, and willing 
 to undertake the service, we intend to assist and encourage them 
 in it. 
 
 "The letter from Jno. Papunehang, and his brethren at Welhick, 
 Thuppeek; was lately sent to some of us, by Jno. Etwein, and it is 
 very pleasing to us, to hear of your prosperity and settlement there, 
 the increase of which we sincerely desire. 
 
 "In much brotherly love we salute you and are your friends and 
 brethren. 
 
 "Signed at a meeting of Friends, appointed to represent our 
 Friends in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, held at Philadelphia, the 
 8th day of the Seventh Month, 1773. 
 
 "IsRL. Pemberton, Anthony Williams, 
 
 WiLLM. Brown, Thomas Hallowell, 
 
 Anthony Benezet, David Estaugh, 
 
 Isaac Andrews, Joshua Morris, 
 
 John Reynell, John Elliott, Jr., 
 
 Jams. Pemberton, John Jones, 
 
 John Pemberton, Isaac Parrish, 
 
 Abel James, Benjamin Hooton, 
 
 Owen Jones, Charles West, 
 
 Saml. Emlen, Jr., Joseph Drinker, 
 
 Jeremiah Warder, Robert Parrish, 
 
 David Bacon, Isaac Gray." 
 
 PHILADELPHIA YEARLY MEETING. 
 
 In 1761, the following minute appears :— " It being observed by 
 the last epistle from the Meeting for Sufferings in London, that they 
 express their approbation of the proceedings of those Friends here, 
 who have been concerned in using their endeavors for the establish- 
 ment of peace with the Indians by pacific measures, and warmly 
 
I30 
 
 recommend, that a Christian regard and notice may be extended 
 towards these people, for cultivating a good understanding with 
 them, and the confirmation of peace, on the principles of justice 
 and equity: — Several suitable observations were now made there- 
 upon, to excite Friends, individually, to a religious concern and 
 care in this matter, more especially, as of late some good effects of 
 a remarkable visitation of Divine Grace, has appeared among some 
 of those people." 
 
 In 1763: — "On due consideration of the request from the 
 Western Quarter, it is the solid sense and judgment of this meeting, 
 that Friends should not purchase nor remove to settle such lands as 
 have not been fairly and openly first purchased from the Indians, by 
 those persons who are, or may be fully authorized by the Govern- 
 ment, to make such purchases ; and that Monthly Meetings, should 
 be careful to excite their members to the strict observance of this 
 advice ; and where any remove, so contrary to the advice of their 
 brethren, that they should not give certificates to such persons, but 
 use their endeavors, to persuade them to avoid the danger to which 
 they expose themselves, and to convince them of the inconsistency 
 of their conduct, with our Christian profession." 
 
 In the extracts from the Minutes of the "Yearly Meeting for 
 Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and the eastern parts of Mary- 
 land and Virginia," held in Philadelphia from the 28th of Ninth 
 Month to the 3d of Tenth Month, inclusive, 1795, is found, under 
 date of Tenth Month 2d, the following; — 
 
 "The interesting concern, under which this meeting from time to 
 time in years past, has been exercised, and wherewith the minds of 
 many brethren have been so deeply affected, in relation to the 
 former and present condition of the Indian natives, and with ref- 
 erence to events and occurrences respecting them, through a long 
 course of years, being in a solid manner, at a preceding sitting, 
 weightily revived, and spread with life over the meeting, to give the 
 subject more fully that weight and deliberate consideration its im- 
 portance calls for, a number of Friends were named ; and also to 
 report their sense, whether a fund might not be fitly appropriated, for 
 the desirable purpose of promoting the civilization and well-being 
 of the Indians, who now accordingly produced their report, which 
 being read, is united with, being as follows, viz.: — 
 
 " ' To THE Yearly Meeting now sitting : — The Committee ap- 
 pointed on the interesting concern, for promoting the welfare of the 
 Indian natives, report, that at several meetings, in which we have had 
 
131 
 
 the company of divers concerned brethren, not particularly named, 
 to the service, we have deliberately considered this important sub- 
 ject, which hath for a series of years, deeply exercised the minds of 
 many Friends, and been latterly, revived in the Yearly Meeting with 
 increasing weight, our minds have been measurably drawn into 
 sympathy with these distressed inhabitants of the wilderness; and 
 on comparing their situation with our own, and calling to grateful 
 remembrance the kindness of their predecessors to ours, in the 
 early settlement of this country, considering also, our professed 
 principles of peace and good-will to men, we were induced with 
 much unanimity to believe, that there are loud calls for our benevo- 
 lence and charitable exertions, to promote amongst them the prin- 
 ciples of the Christian Religion, as well, as to turn their attention 
 to school learning, agriculture, and useful mechanical employment ; 
 especially, as there appears in some of the tribes, a willingness to 
 unite in the exercise of endeavors of this kind. We believe that 
 this end may be much promoted under the Divine blessing, by a 
 recommendation from this meeting, to the several Quarterly Meet- 
 ings, that a liberal subscription be set on foot, and a fund raised, to 
 be under the direction of a special committee, to be appointed by 
 the Yearly Meeting, in order that these pious purposes may be car- 
 ried into effect as early as practicable, and the apparent friendly 
 disposition of Government, towards this desirable object improved. 
 And conceiving that the subject is of sufficient magnitude, to claim 
 the attention of our Religious Society, in different parts of this 
 Continent, we think it may be useful, to hint the substance of this 
 concern, in the Epistles to the respective Yearly Meetings. 
 
 '"Philadelphia, 2d of Tenth Month, 1795. 
 
 "'Signed, on behalf of the Committee, by several Friends.' " 
 
 Conformably whereto, a committee was appointed for the affect- 
 ing of this beneficial purpose, viz. : — John Parrish, John Elliott, 
 John Spencer, Jr., Anthony Johnson, John Stapler, Oliver Paxson, 
 Joseph Trimble, James Emlen, Isaac Coates, Amos Hervey, War- 
 ner Mifflin, Samuel Howell, John Smith, Benjamin Clark, Benjamin 
 Swett, John Hunt (of Evesham), James Cooper, Mark Miller, 
 William Hartshorne, Richard Hartshorne, Thomas Wistar, Joseph 
 Sansom, William Savery, John Biddle, Thomas Harrison, Henry 
 Drinker, Joseph Sloan, John Pierce, John Hunt (of Darby). 
 
Friends' Historical Association 
 
 Has been organized for the purpose of collecting, and pre- 
 serving from destruction and loss, the many books, papers, 
 documents, and manuscripts of various kinds, which are 
 known to be scattered about in different parts of the 
 country. 
 
 Papers or documents of any kind, written or printed, 
 bearing directly or indirectly upon the history of the 
 Society of Friends, are solicited and will be thankfully 
 received as donations ; or any such material in the posses- 
 sion either of meetings or individuals, can be left with the 
 Association for safe keeping; subject to the order of the 
 persons so depositing them, so they can be reclaimed at 
 any time. 
 
 The attention of all persons connected with or de- 
 scended from members of the Society of Friends, is 
 earnestly directed to this subject. The co-operation of all 
 such is solicited, as it is believed that many papers of 
 great value and interest can be thus secured and preserved 
 from oblivion. 
 
 Address 
 
 FRIENDS' HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, 
 
 820 spruce Street, Philadelphia. 
 

 WM^