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 Quarantine laws and regulations of the U 
 
 3 1924 003 838 889 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE 
 
 ITHACA, N. Y. 
 
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TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 OF TH6 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 REVISED EDITION. 
 
 ''; jWASHINGTON; ' / 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 
 
 19p3.i;: 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003838889 
 
TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 QUARANTINE LAWS AND REGULATIONS 
 
 OP THE 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 REVISED EDITION. 
 
 WASHINGTON: '^' 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.' ' 
 
 1903. 
 
NVSR^^o- 
 
 TsEAsuHY Department, 
 
 Document No. 
 
 2319. 
 
 Public Heatth and Marine- 
 
 ■Hospital Service. 
 
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 Ra 
 
 (xi 
 
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QUARANTINE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 AN ACT granting additional quarantine powers and imposing additional duties 
 upon the Marine-Hospital Service. 
 
 [Approved, Tebruary 15, 1893.] 
 
 Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled. That it shall be unlawful 
 for any merchant ship or other vessel from any foreign port or place 
 of [to] enter any port of the United States except in accordance with 
 the provisions of this act and with such rules and regulations of 
 State and municipal health authorities as may be made in pursuance 
 of, or consistent with, this act; and any such vessel which shall enter, 
 or attempt to enter, a port of the United States in violation thereof 
 shall forfeit to the United States a sum, to be awarded in the discre- 
 tion of the court, not exceeding five thousand dollars, which shall be 
 a lien upon said vessel, to be recovered by proceedings in the proper 
 district court of the United States. In all such proceedings the 
 United States district attorney for such district shall appear on behalf 
 of the United States; and all such proceedings shall be conducted in 
 accordance with the rules and laws governing cases of seizure of 
 vessels for violation of the revenue laws of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 2. That any vessel at any foreign port clearing for any port or 
 place in the United States shall be required to obtain from the consul, 
 vice-consul, or other consular officer of the United States at the port 
 of departure, or from the medical officer where such officer has been 
 detailed by the President for that purpose, a bill of health, in duplicate, 
 in the form prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, setting forth 
 the sanitary history and condition of said vessel, and that it has in all 
 respects complied with the rules and regulations in such cases pre- 
 scribed for securing the best sanitary condition of the said vessel, its 
 cargo, passengers, and crew; and said consular or medical officer is 
 required, before granting such duplicate bill of health, to be satisfied 
 that the matters and things therein stated are true; and for his serv- 
 ices in that behalf he shall be entitled to demand and receive such 
 fees as shall by lawful regulation be allowed, to be accounted for as 
 is required in other cases. 
 
 The President, in his discretion, is authorized to detail any medical 
 officer of the Government to serve in the office of the consul at any 
 foreign port for the purpose of furnishing information and making the 
 inspection and giving the bills of health hereinbefore mentioned. Any 
 vessel clearing and sailing from any such port without such bill of 
 health, and entering any port of the United States, shall forfeit to the 
 United States not more than five thousand dollars, the amount to be 
 determined by the court, which shall be a lien on the same, to be 
 recovered by proceedings in the proper district court of the United 
 
states. In all such proceedings the United States district attorney 
 for such district shall appear on behalf of the United States; and all 
 such proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the rules and 
 laws governing cases of seizure of vessels for violation of the revenue 
 laws of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 3. That the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospi- 
 tal Service shall, immediately after this act takes effect, examine the 
 quarantine regulations of all State and municipal boards of health, and 
 shall, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, cooperate 
 with and aid State and municipal boards of health in the execution 
 and enforcement of the rules and regulations of such boards and in 
 the execution and enforcement of the rules and regulations made 
 by the Secretary of the Treasury, to prevent the introduction of 
 contagious or infectious diseases into the United States from foreign 
 countries, and into one State or Territory or the District of Columbia 
 from another State or Territory or the District of Columbia; and aU 
 rules and regulations made by the Secretary of the Treasury shall 
 operate uniformly and in no manner discriminate against any port 
 or place; and at such ports and places within the United States as 
 have no quarantine regulations under State or municipal authority, 
 where such regulations are, in the opinion of the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, necessary to prevent the introduction of contagious or infec- 
 tious diseases into the United States from foreign countries, or into 
 one State or Territory or the District of Columbia from another State 
 or Territory or the District of Columbia, and at such ports and places 
 within the United States where quarantine regulations exist under the 
 authority of the State or municipality which, in the opinion of the 
 Secretary of the Treasury, are not sufficient to prevent the introduc- 
 tion of such diseases into the United States, or into one State or Ter- 
 ritory or the District of Columbia from another State or Territory or 
 the District of Columbia, the Secretary of the Treasury shall, if in 
 his judgment it is necessary and proper, make such additional rules 
 and regulations as are necessary to prevent the introduction of such 
 diseases into the United States from foreign countries, or into one 
 State or Territory or the District of Columbia from another State or 
 Territory or the District of Columbia, and when said rules and regu- 
 lations have been made they shall be promulgated by the Secretary of 
 the Treasury and enforced by the sanitary authorities of the States 
 and municipalities, where the State or municipal health authorities 
 will undertake to execute and enforce them; but if the State or munic- 
 ipal authorities shall fail or refuse to enforce said rules and regula- 
 tions the President shall execute and enforce the same and adopt such 
 measures as in his judgment shall be necessary to prevent the intro- 
 duction or spread of such diseases, and mav detail nr or.nrM-v,f ^ffi««,.o 
 for that purpose, The Secretary' of the tLlty shaTmlf sS 
 rules and regulations as are necessary to be observed bv vessels at the 
 port of departure and on the voyage, where such vessell salfrom any 
 foreign port or place to any port or place in the Unitprl Qt f / 
 secure the best sanitary condition of such vessel h^r. '^'^ates, to 
 
 gers, and crew; which shall be published and commnnf/?°'. ^^''^^i 
 Inforced by the consular officers^of the United StSsN*^^ % Tv. 
 penalties herein imposed shall attach to any vessel m- ^^ ^^'^t^^ ^^^^'^^ 
 thereof until a copy of this act, with the rules and reS^ '''' "" ""f 
 in pursuance thereof, has been posted up in the office of the °^i 
 
other consular officer of the United States for ten days, in the port 
 from which sa^d vessel sailed; and the certificate of such consul or 
 consular officer over his official signature shall be competent evidence 
 of such posting in any court of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the Supervising Surgeon-General 
 of the Marine-Hospital Service, under the direction of the Secretary 
 of the Treasury, to perform all the duties in respect to quarantine 
 and quarantine regulations which are provided for by this act, and to 
 obtain information of the sanitary condition of foreign ports and 
 places from which contagious and infectious diseases are or may be 
 imported into the United States, and to this end the consular officer 
 of the United States at such ports and places as shall be designated 
 by the Secretary of the Treasury shall make to the Secretary of the 
 Treasury weekly reports of the sanitary condition of the ports and 
 places at which they are respectively stationed, according to such 
 forms as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe; and the Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury shall also obtain, through all sources accessi- 
 ble, including State and municipal sanitary authorities throughout the 
 United States, weekly reports of the sanitary condition of ports and 
 places within the United States, and shall prepare, publish, and trans- 
 mit to collectors of customs and to State and municipal health officers 
 and other sanitarians weekly abstracts of the consular sanitary reports 
 and other pertinent information received by him, and shall also, as far 
 as he may be able, by means of the voluntary cooperation of State and 
 municipal authorities, of public associations, and private persons, pro- 
 cure information relating to the climatic and other conditions affecting 
 the public health, and shall make an annual report of his operations 
 to Congress, with such recommendations as he may deem important to 
 the public interests. 
 
 Sec. 5. That the Secretary of the Treasury shall from time to time 
 issue to the consular officers of the United States and to the medical 
 officers serving at any foreign port, and otherwise make publicly 
 known, the rules and regulations made by him, to be used and com- 
 plied with by vessels in foreign ports, for securing the best sanitary 
 condition of such vessels, their cargoes, passengers, and crew, before 
 their departure for any port in the United States, and in the course of 
 the voyage; and all such other rules and regulations as shall be 
 observed in the inspection of the same on the arrival thereof at any 
 quarantine station at the port of destination, and for the disinfection 
 and isolation of the same, and the treatment of cargo and persons on 
 board, so as to prevent the introduction of cholera, yellow fever, or 
 other contagious or infectious diseases; and it shall not be lawful for 
 any vessel to enter said port to discharge its cargo, or land its passen- 
 gers, except upon a certificate of the health officer at such quarantine 
 station certifying that said rules and regulations have in all respects 
 been observed and complied with, as w.ell on his part as on the part of 
 the said vessel and its master, in respect to the same and to its cargo, 
 passengers, and crew; and the master of every such vessel shall pro- 
 duce and deliver to the collector of customs at said port of entry, 
 together with the other papers of the vessel, the said bills of health 
 required to be obtained at the port of departure and the certificate 
 herein required to be obtained from the health officer at the port 
 of entry; and that the bills of health herein prescribed shall be con- 
 sidered as part of the ship's papers, and when duly certified to by the 
 
6 
 
 proper consular oflScer or other officer of the United States, over his 
 official signature and seal, shall be accepted as evidence of the state- 
 ments therein contained in any court of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 6. That on the arrival of an infected vessel at any port not pro- 
 vided with proper facilities for treatment of the same, the Secretary 
 of the Treasury may remand said vessel, at its own expense, to the 
 nearest national or other quarantine station, where accommodations 
 and appliances are provided for the necessary disinfection and treat- 
 ment of the vessel, passengers, and cargo; and after treatment of any 
 infected A^essel at a national quarantine station, and after certificate 
 shall have been given by the United States quarantine officer at said 
 station that the vessel, cargo, and passengers are each and all free 
 from infectious disease, or danger of conveying the same, said vessel 
 shall be admitted to entry to any port of the United States named 
 within the certificate. But at any ports where sufficient quarantine 
 provision has been made by State or local authorities the Secretary of 
 the Treasury may direct vessels bound for said ports to undergo quar- 
 antine at said State or local station. 
 
 Sec. 7. That whenever it shall be shown to the satisfaction of the 
 President that by reason of the existence of cholera or other infectious 
 or contagious diseases in a foreign country there is serious danger of 
 the introduction of the same into the United States, and that notwith- 
 standing the quarantine defense this danger is so increased by the 
 introduction of persons or property from such country that a suspen- 
 sion of the right to introduce the same is demanded in the interest of 
 the public health, the President shall have power to prohibit, in whole 
 or in part, the introduction of persons and property from such coun- 
 tries or places as he shall designate and for such period of time as he 
 may deem necessary. 
 
 Sec. 8. That whenever the proper authorities of a State shall sur- 
 render to the United States the use of the buildings and disinfecting 
 apparatus at a State quarantine station the Secretary of the Treasury 
 shall be authorized to receive them and to pay a reasonable compensa- 
 tion to the State for their use, if, in his opinion, they are necessary to 
 the United States. 
 
 Sec. 9._ That the act entitled "An act to prevent the introduction 
 of infectious or contagious diseases into the United States, and to 
 establish a national board of health," approved March 3, 1879, be, and 
 the same is hereby, repealed. And the Secretary of the Treasury is 
 directed to obtain possession of any property, furniture, books, paper, 
 or records belonging to the United States which are not in the posses- 
 sion of an officer of the United States under the Treasury Department 
 which were formerly in the use of the National Board of Health or any 
 officer or employ^ thereof. 
 
 ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED AUGUST 18,1894. 
 
 AN ACT to amend section two of the act approved February fifteenth, eighteen 
 hundred and ninety-three, entitled "An act granting additional quarantine 
 powers and imposing additional duties upon the Marine-Hospital Service." 
 
 Be it enacted Tnj the Senate and Home of Representatimes of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled^ That section two of the act 
 approved February fifteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, 
 entitled "An act granting additional quarantine powers and impos- 
 
ing additional duties upon the Marine-Hospital Service," is hereby 
 amended by adding to the end of said section the following: 
 
 "The provisions of this section shall not apply to vessels plying 
 between foreign ports on or near the frontiers of the United States 
 and ports of the United States adjacent thereto; but the Secretary of 
 the Treasury is hereby authorized, when, in his discretion, it is expe- 
 dient for the preservation of the public health, to establish regulations 
 governing such vessels." 
 
 REVISED STATUTES. 
 
 Sec. 4794. There shall be purchased or erected, under the orders of 
 the President, suitable warehouses, with wharves and inclosures, 
 where merchandise may be unladen and deposited, from any vessel 
 which shall be subject to a quarantine or other restraint, pursuant to 
 the health laws of any State, at such convenient places therein as the 
 safety of the public revenue and the observance of such health laws 
 may require. 
 
 Sec. 4795. Whenever the cargo of a vessel is unladen at some other 
 place than the port of entry or delivery under the foregoing provi- 
 sions, all the articles of sucn cargo shall be deposited, at the risk of 
 the parties concerned therein, in such public or other warehouses or 
 inclosures as the collector shall designate, there to remain under the 
 joint custody of such collector and of the owner, or master, or other 
 person having charge of such vessel, until the same are entirely 
 unladen or discharged, and until the articles so deposited may be 
 safely removed without contravening such health laws. And when 
 such removal is allowed, the collector having charge of such articles 
 may grant permits to the respective owners or consignees, their fac- 
 tors or agents, to receive all merchandise which has been entered, and 
 the duties accruing upon which have been paid, upon the payment by 
 them of a reasonable rate of storage; which shall be fixed by the Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury for all public warehouses and inclosures. 
 
 Sec. 4796. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized, whenever 
 a conformity to such quarantines and health laws requires it, and in 
 respect to vessels subject thereto, to prolong the terms limited for 
 the entry of the same and the report or entry of their cargoes, and to 
 vary or dispense with any other regulations applicable to such reports 
 or entries. No part of the cargo of any vessel shall, however, in any 
 case, be taken out or unladen therefrom otherwise than is allowed by 
 law, or according to the regulations hereinafter established. 
 
 Sec. 4797. Whenever, by the prevalence of any contagious or epi- 
 demic disease in or near the place by law established as the port of 
 entry for any collection district, it becomes dangerous or inconvenient 
 for the officers of the revenue employed therein to continue the dis- 
 charge of their respective offices at such port, the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, or, in his absence, the First Comptroller, may direct the 
 removal of the officers of the revenue from such port to any other more 
 convenient place within or as near as may be to such collection dis- 
 trict. And at such place such officers may exercise the same powers 
 and shall be liable to the same duties, according to existing circum- 
 stances, as in the port or district established by law. Public notice 
 of any such removal shall be given as soon as may be. [See § 1776.] 
 
 Sec. 4798. In case of the prevalence of a contagious or epidemic dis- 
 
ease at the seat of Government, the President may permit and direct 
 the removal of anj^ or all the public offices to such other place or 
 places as he shall deem most Safe and convenient for conducting the 
 public business. [See § 1Y76.] 
 
 Sec. 4799. Whenever, in the opinion of the Chief Justice, or, in case 
 of his death or inability, of the senior associate justice, of the Supreme 
 Court, a contagious or epidemic sickness shall render it hazardous to 
 hold the next stated session of the court at the seat of Government, 
 the chief or such associate justice may issue his order to the marshal 
 of the Supreme Court directing him to adjourn the next session of 
 the court to such other place as such justice deems convenient. The 
 marshal shall thereupon adjourn the court by making publication 
 thereof in one or more public papers printed at the seat of Govern- 
 ment from the time he shall receive such order until the time by law- 
 prescribed for commencing the session. The several circuit and dis- 
 trict judges shall, respectively, under the same circumstances, have 
 the same power, by the same means, to direct adjournments of the 
 several circuit and district courts to some convenient place within 
 their districts, respectively. [See § 1776.] 
 
 Sec. 4800. The judge of any district court within whose_ district 
 any contagious or epidemic disease shall at any time prevail, so as, 
 in his opinion, to endanger the lives of persons confined in the prison 
 of such district, in pursuance of any law of the United States, may 
 direct the marshal to cause the persons so confined to be renioved to 
 the next adjacent prison where such disease does not prevail, there 
 to be confined until they may safely be removed back to the place of 
 their first confinement. Such removals shall be at the expense of the 
 United States. 
 
 Sec. 4263. The master of any vessel employed in transporting pas- 
 sengers between the United States and Europe is authorized to 
 maintain good discipline and such habits of cleanliness among the 
 passengers as will tend to the preservation and promotion of health, 
 and to that end he shall cause such regulations as he may adopt for 
 this purpose to be posted up, before sailing, on board such vessel, in 
 a place accessible to such passengers, and sliall keep the same so 
 posted up during the voyage. Such master shall cause the apartments 
 occupied by such passengers to be kept at all times in a clean, healthy 
 state; and the owners of every such vessel so employed are required 
 to construct the decks and all parts of the apartments so that they can 
 be thoroughly cleansed, and also to provide a safe, convenient privy 
 or water-closet for the exclusive use of every one hundred such pas- 
 sengers. The master shall also, when the weather is such that the 
 passengers can not be mustered on deck with their bedding, and at 
 such other times as he may deem necessary, cause the deck occupied 
 by such passengers to be cleansed with chloride of lime or some other 
 equally efficient disinfecting agent. And for each neglect or violation 
 of any of the provisions of this section the master and owner of any 
 such vessel shall be severally liable to the United States in a penalty 
 of fifty dollars, to be recovered in any circuit or district court within 
 the jurisdiction of which such vessel may arrive or from which she is 
 about to depart, or at any place where the owner or master may be 
 found. 
 
EXTRACT FROM ACT AUGUST 1, 1888. 
 
 Whenever any person shall trespass upon the grounds belonging to 
 any quarantine reservation, * * * such person, tresspassing, 
 * * * shall, upon conviction thereof, pay a fine of not more than 
 three hundred dollars, or be sentenced to imprisonment for a period 
 of not more than thirty days, or shall be punished by both fine and 
 imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. And it shall be the 
 duty of the United States attorney in the district where the misde- 
 meanor shall have been committed to take immediate cognizance of 
 the offense, upon report made to him by any medical officer of the 
 Marine-Hospital Service, or by any officer of the customs service, or 
 by any State officer acting under authority of section five of said act. 
 
 ACT MARCH 27, 1890. 
 
 AN ACT to prevent the introduction of contagious diseases from one State, to 
 another and for the punishment of certain offenses. 
 
 He it enacteci hy the Senate and House of Sepresentatives of the United 
 States of Anberica in Congress assembled, That whenever it shall be 
 made to appear to the satisfaction of the President that cholera, yel- 
 low fever, smallpox, or plague exists in any State or Territory, or in 
 the District of Columbia, and that there is danger of the spread of 
 such disease into other States, Territories, or the District of Columbia, 
 he is hereby authorized to cause the Secretary of the Treasury to 
 promulgate such rules and regulations as in his judgment may be 
 necessary to prevent the spread of such disease from one State or Ter- 
 ritory into another, or from any State or Territory into the District of 
 Columbia, or from the District of Columbia into any State or Terri- 
 tory, and to employ such inspectors and other persons as may be neces- 
 sary to execute such regulations to prevent the spread of such disease. 
 The said rules and regulations shall be prepared by the Supervising 
 Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service under the direction 
 of the Secretary of the Treasury. And any person who shall will- 
 fully violate any rule or regulation so made and promulgated shall be 
 deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be pun- 
 ished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisonment 
 for not more than two years, or both, in the discretion of the court. 
 
 Sec. 2. That any officer, or person acting as an officer, or agent of 
 the United States at any quarantine station, or other person employed 
 to aid in preventing the spread of such disease, who shall willfully 
 violate any of the quarantine laws of the United States, or any of the 
 rules and regulations made and promulgated by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury as provided for in Section 1 of this act, or any lawful order 
 of his superior officer or officers, shall be deemed guilty of a misde- 
 meanor, and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not more 
 than three hundred dollars or imprisonment for not more than one 
 year, or both, in the discretion of the court. 
 
 Sec. 3. That when any common carrier or officer, agent, or employ^ 
 of any common carrier shall wiJlfuUy violate any of the quarantine 
 laws of the United States, or the rules and regulations made and pro- 
 mulgated as provided for in Section 1 of this act, such common car- 
 rier, officer, agent, or employe shall be deemed guilty of a misde- 
 meanor, and shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine of not more 
 than five hundred dollars, or imprisonment for not more than two 
 years, or both, in the discretion of the court. 
 
10 
 
 ACT MAKCH 2, 1901. 
 
 AN ACT to amend "An Act granting additional quarantine powers and imposing 
 additional duties upon the Marine-Hospital Service," approved February fifteenth, 
 eighteen hundred and ninety-three. 
 
 Be it enacted hy the Senate and Rouse of Mepresentatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled, That an Act granting addi- 
 tional quarantine powers and imposing additional duties upon the 
 Marine-Hospital Service, approved February fifteenth, eighteen hun- 
 dred and ninety-three, be amended by addition of the following 
 sections: 
 
 "Sec. 10. That the Supervising Surgeon-General, with the approval 
 of the Secretary of the Treasury, is authorized to designate and mark 
 the boundaries of the quarantine grounds and quarantine anchorages 
 for vessels which are reserved for use at each United States quarantme 
 station; and any vessel or ofiicer of any vessel or other person, other 
 than State or municipal health or quarantine officers, trespassing or 
 otherwise entering upon such grounds or anchorages in disregard of 
 the quarantine rules and regulations, or without permission of the officer 
 in charge of such station, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and 
 subject to arrest, and upon conviction thereof be punished by a fine of 
 not more than three hundred dollars or imprisonment for not more than 
 one year, or both, in the discretion of the court. Any master or owner 
 of any vessel, or any person violating any provision of this Act or any 
 rule or regulation made in accordance with this Act, relating to inspec- 
 tion of vessels or relating to the prevention of the introduction of con- 
 tagious or infectious diseases, or any master, owner, or agent of any 
 vessel making a false statement relative to the sanitary condition of said 
 vessel or its contents or as to the health of any passenger or person 
 thereon, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to arrest, 
 and upon conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not more than 
 five hundred dollars or imprisonment for not more than one year, or 
 both, in the discretion of the court. 
 
 "Sec. 11. That any vessel sailijig from any foreign port without the 
 bill of health required by section two of this Act, and arriving within 
 the limits of any collection district of the United States, and not enter- 
 ing or attempting to enter any port of the United States, shall be sub- 
 ject to such quarantine measures as shall be prescribed by regulations 
 of the Secretary of the Treasury, and the cost of such naeasures shall 
 be a lien on said vessel, to be recovered by proceedings in the proper 
 district court of the United States and in the manner set forth above as 
 regards vessels from foreign ports without bills of health and entering 
 any port of the United States. 
 
 _' 'Sec. 12. That the medical officers of the United States, duly clothed 
 with authority to act as quarantine officers at any port or place within 
 the United States, and when performing the said duties, are hereby 
 authorized to take declarations and administer oaths in matters per- 
 taining to the administration of the quarantine laws and regulations of 
 the United States." 
 
Treasury Department, 
 
 Secretary's Office, 
 Washington^ April 1, 1903. 
 To medical officers of the Pvhlic Health and Marine- Hospital Service, 
 quarantine offi,cers, collectors of customs, consular oficers, and others 
 concerned: 
 
 Upon the recommendation of the Surg^eon-General of the Public 
 Health and Marine-Hospital Service and pursuant to the act of Con- 
 gress approved February 15, 1893, entitled "An act granting additional 
 quarantine powers and imposing additional duties upon the Marine- 
 Hospital Service," and other quarantine laws, the following regula- 
 tions are hereby promulgated for the information and guidance of all 
 concerned. All previous regulations inconsistent herewith are hereby 
 
 revoked. 
 
 L. M. Shaw, 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 11 
 
QUARANTINE REGULATIONS. 
 
 QUARANTINABLE DISEASES. 
 
 1. For the purpose of these i-egulations the quarantinable diseases 
 are cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, typhus fever, leprosy, and plague. 
 
 FOREIG-N REG-ULATIONS. 
 
 QUARANTINE REGULATIONS TO BE OBSERVED AT FOREIGN PORTS AND AT 
 PORTS IN THE POSSESSIONS AND DEPENDENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 BILLS OF HEALTH. 
 
 2. Masters of vessels departing from any foreign f)ort, or from any 
 port in the possessions or other dependencies of the United States for 
 a port in the United States or its possessions or other dependencies, 
 must obtain a bill of health, in duplicate, signed by the proper officer 
 or officers of the United States as provided for by law, except as pro- 
 vided for in paragraph 4. 
 
 The following form is prescribed: 
 
 Form No. 1937. 
 United States Bill of Health. 
 
 Name of vessel, . Nationality, . Rig, . Master, . 
 
 Tonnage, gross, ; net, . Iron or wood. Number of compartments for 
 
 cargo, ; for steerage passengers, ; for crew, . 
 
 Name of medical officer, . 
 
 Number of officers, . 
 
 Number of members of officers' families, . 
 
 Number of crew, including petty officers, . 
 
 Number of passengers, cabin. : 
 
 Number of passengers, steerage, . 
 
 Number of persons on board, all told, 
 
 Port of departure, . 
 
 Where last from, . 
 
 Number of cases of sickness and character, during last voyage, . 
 
 Vessel engaged in trade, and plies between and . 
 
 Sanitary condition of vessel, . 
 
 Nature, sanitary history, and condition of cargo, . 
 
 Source and wholesomeness of water supply, . 
 
 Source and wholesomeness of food supply, . 
 
 Sanitary history and health of officers and crew, . 
 
 Sanitary history and health of passengers, cabin, . 
 
 Sanitary history and health of passengers, steerage, . 
 
 Sanitary history and condition of their effects, . 
 
 Prevailing diseases at port ^.nd vicinity, . 
 
 Location of vessel while discharging and loading — open bay or wharf, . 
 
 Number of cases and deaths from the following-named diseases during the past two 
 weeks: 
 Diseaseg. No. o£ cases. No. of deatlis. 
 
 Yellow fever 
 
 Asiatic cholera 
 
 Cholera nostras or cholerine 
 
 Smallpox 
 
 Typhus fever -- 
 
 Plague 
 
 Leprosy 
 
 13 
 
14 
 
 Number of cases of sickness and character of same while vessel was in this 
 port, . 
 
 Any conditions affecting the public health existing in the port of departure or 
 vicinity to be here stated, . 
 
 I certify that the vessel has complied with the rules and regulations made under 
 
 the act of February 15, 1893, and that the vessel leaves this port bound for 
 
 , U. S. of America, via . 
 
 Given under my hand and seal this day of , 190 . 
 
 (Signature of consular officer:) 
 
 3. Vessels clearing from a foreign port or from any port in the 
 possessions or other dependencies of the United States for any port in 
 the United States, its possessions or other dependencies, and entering 
 or calling at intermediate ports, must procure at all said ports a sup- 
 plemental bill of health in duplicate signed by the proper officer or 
 officers of the United States, as provided in the law. If a quarantin- 
 able disease has appeared on board the vessel after leaving the original 
 port of departure, or other circumstances presumably render the ves- 
 sel infected, the supplemental bill of health should "be withheld until 
 such sanitary measures have been taken as are necessary. 
 
 The following form is prescribed: 
 
 Supplemental Bill of Health. 
 
 POKT OF 
 
 Vessel ■ 
 
 bound from ■ 
 
 ■to- 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 Sanitary condition of port, . 
 
 State diseases prevailing at port and in surrounding country, . 
 
 Number of cases and the deaths from the following-named diseases during the 
 past two weeks: 
 
 No. of 
 
 No. of 
 deaths. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 (Any condition affecting the public health existing in the 
 
 port to he stated here. ) 
 
 Yellow fever 
 
 Asiatic cholera 
 
 Cholera nostras, or 
 
 cholerine 
 
 Smallpox 
 
 rj^hus fever 
 
 Plague 
 
 Leprosy 
 
 Number and sanitary condition of passengers and crew landed at this port. 
 
 Sanitary condition and history, — 
 
 -. Sanitary condition and history. 
 
 Sanitary condition and history, ■ 
 
 Cabin, No. — 
 Steerage, No. 
 Crew, No. — 
 Note. — If disembarked on account of sickness state disease. 
 
 Number and sanitary condition of passengers and crew taken on at this port, and sanitary 
 
 condition of effects. 
 
 Cabin, No. . Sanitary condition and history, . 
 
 Steerage, No. . Sanitary condition and history, . 
 
 Crew, No. . Sanitary condition and history, . 
 
 Sanitary condition of effects, . 
 
 Sanitary history of vessel since leaning last port. 
 
 (Cancel Form A, B, or C, as the case requires. ) 
 
 Form. 
 
 A. — To the best of my knowledge and belief — 
 
 (Form A will be used at intermediate ports where 
 the vessel does not enter and clear.) 
 
 B. — I havQ satisfied myself that — 
 
 (Form B will be used at intermediate ports where 
 the vessel enters and clears. ) 
 
 no quarantinable disease has ap- 
 peared aboard since leaving 
 
15 
 
 C. — Since leaving the following quarantinable disease has appeared on board 
 
 , and I certify that the necessary sanitary measures have been taken. 
 
 I certify also that with reference to the passengers, effects, and cargo taken on at 
 this port, the vessel has complied with the rules and regulations made under the act 
 of February 15, 1893. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal this day of , 190 . 
 
 (Signature of consular officer:) , 
 
 4. Under the act of Congress approved August 18, 1894, vessels 
 plying between Canadian ports on the St. Croix Kiver, the St. Law- 
 rence River, the Niagara River, the Detroit River, the St. Clair River, 
 and the St. Marys River, and adjacent ports of the United States on 
 the same waters; also vessels plying between Canadian ports on the 
 following-named lakes, viz, Ontario, Erie, St. Clair, Huron, Superior, 
 Rainy Lake, Lake of the Woods, and Lake Champlain, and ports in 
 the United States; also vessels plying between Mexican ports on the 
 Rio Grande River and adjacent ports in the United States, are exempt 
 from the provisions of section 2 of the act granting additional quar- 
 antine powers and imposing additional duties upon the Marine-Hos- 
 pital Service, approved February 15, 1893, which requires vessels 
 clearing from a foreign port for a port in the United States to obtain 
 from the consular or medical officer a bill of health. During the 
 prevalence of any of the quarantinable diseases at the foreign port of 
 departure, vessels above referred to are hereby required to obtain 
 from the consular officer of the United States, or from the medical 
 officer of the United States, when such officer has been detailed by 
 the President for this purpose, a bill of health, or a supplemental bill 
 of health, in duplicate, in the form prescribed by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury. 
 
 INSPECTION OF VESSELS LEAVING FOREIGN POETS AND PORTS IN THE 
 POSSESSIONS OR OTHER DEPENDENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES FOR 
 PORTS IN THE UNITED STATES OR ITS POSSESSIONS OR OTHER 
 DEPENDENCIES. 
 
 6. The officer issuing the bill of health shall satisfy himself, by 
 inspection if necessary, that the conditions certified to therein are 
 true, and is authorized, in accordance with the law, to withhold the 
 bill of health or the supplemental bill of health until he is satisfied 
 that the vessel, the passengers, the crew, and the cargo have complied 
 with all the quarantine laws and regulations of the United States. 
 
 6. Inspection is required of — 
 
 (a) All vessels from ports at which cholera, yellow fever, or plague 
 prevails, or at which smallpox or typhus fever prevails in epidemic 
 form. 
 
 (b) All vessels carrying steerage passengers; but need only include 
 the inspection of such passengers and their living apartments, if sailing 
 from a healthy port. 
 
 7. Inspection of the vessel is such an examination of the vessel, 
 cargo, passengers, crew, personal effects of same, including examina- 
 tion of manifests and other papers, food and water supply, the ascer- 
 tainment of its relations with the shore, the manner of loading and 
 possibilities of invasion by small animals as will enable the inspecting 
 officer to determine if these regulations have been complied with. 
 
16 
 
 8. When an inspection is required, it should be made by daylight, 
 as late as practicable before sailing. The vessel should be inspected 
 before the passengers go aboard, the passengers just before embarka- 
 tion, and the crew on deck; and no communication should be had with 
 the vessel after such inspection except by permission of the officer 
 issuing the bill of health. 
 
 EEQTJIEEMENTS WITH REGARD TO VESSELS. 
 
 9. Vessels, prior to stowing cargo or receiving passengers, should 
 be mechanically clean in all parts, especially the bold, forecastle, and 
 steerage; the bilges and limbers free from odor and deposit. The air 
 streaks should be sufficient in number and open for ventilation. 
 
 10. Any portions of the vessel liable to have been infected by any 
 communicable disease should be disinfected before the issuance of the 
 bill of health. 
 
 11. The air space, ventilation, food and water supply, hospital accom- 
 modations, and all other matters mentioned therein promotive of the 
 health and comfort of the passengers must be in accordance with the 
 provisions of the act of Congress approved August 2, 1882, entitled 
 "An act to regulate the carriage of passengers by sea." 
 
 12. At ports where cholera prevails in epidemic form, special care 
 should be taken to prevent the water and the food supply from being 
 infected. The drinking water should be boiled and the food thor- 
 oughly cooked and protected against contamination by flies, etc. 
 
 13. At ports where yellow fever prevails, in addition to the other 
 measures presented hereafter, precautions should be taken to prevent 
 the introduction of mosquitoes on board the vessel. Water tanks, 
 water buckets and other collections of water about the vessel should 
 be guarded in such a manner that they shall not become breeding 
 places for mosquitoes. Measures should also be taken to destroy 
 mosquitoes that may have come on board. Baggage destined directly 
 or indirectly for any State should be disinfected at the request of the 
 health officer of said State. All baggage from such ports must be 
 rigidly inspected and the exclusion of mosquitoes assured. 
 
 14. At ports or places where plague prevails, every precaution 
 must be taken to prevent the vessel becoming infected through the 
 agency of rats, ants, flies, fleas, or other animals. At such ports or 
 places the vessel should not lie at a dock, or tie to the shore, or anchor 
 near any place where such animals may gain access to the vessel. In 
 case cables are _ led to the shore they should be freshly tarred and 
 provided with inverted cones or such other devices as may prevent 
 rats and other animals passing to the ship. The introduction of 
 vermin on board the vessel from lighters and all other sources should 
 be guarded against. In such ports sulphur fumigation should be 
 resorted to in the holds when empty and from time to time during 
 loading in order to destroy vermin. 
 
 15. At all infected ports or places, communication between the 
 vessel and shore should be reduced to a minimum. 
 
 16. Vessels carrying passengers from any port or place where quar- 
 antinable disease prevails in epidemic form should have one medical 
 
17 
 
 officer; and from ports where cholera or plague prevails In epidemic 
 form should have two medical officers if more than 250 passengers 
 are carried. 
 
 CAEGO. 
 
 17. Earth, loam, soft or porous rock should not be taken as ballast 
 at ports infected with cholera or plague. Street sweepings, city- 
 cleanings, or anything containing organic refuse should not be taken 
 as ballast from any port. Where practicable, hard rock or clean beach 
 sand or sea-water ballast should be given preference. 
 
 18. Household goods, personal effects, bedding, and secondrhand 
 articles generally, coming from a district known to be infected with 
 cholera, smallpox, typhus fever, or plague, or as to the origin of- 
 which no positive evidence can be obtained, and which the consular or 
 medical officer has reason to believe are infected, should be disinfected 
 prior to shipment. Measures should be taken with articles of this 
 class from districts infected with yellow fever to insure their freedom 
 from mosquitoes. 
 
 19. New merchandise in general may be accepted for shipment with- 
 out restriction, and articles of new merchandise — textile fabrics and 
 the like — which have been packed or prepared for shipment in an 
 infected port or place, with a special view to protect the same from 
 moisture incident to the voyage, may be accepted and exempted from 
 disinfection. 
 
 20. Certain food products, viz, unsalted meats, sausages, dressed 
 poultry, fresh butter, fresh milk (unsterilized), fresh cheese, coming 
 from cholera-infected localities or through such localities, if exposed 
 to infection therein, should not be shipped. Fresh fruits and vege- 
 tables, from districts where cholera prevails, shall be shipped only 
 under such sanitary supervision as will enable the inspector to certify 
 that they have not been exposed to infection. 
 
 21. All rags and textile fabrics used in the manufacture of paper 
 and for other purposes which are collected, packed, or handled in any 
 foreign port or place, with the exceptions as hereinafter specified, 
 shall, prior to shipment to the United States, be subjected to disinfec- 
 tion by one of the prescribed methods. (Jute bags or bagging used 
 in baling cotton, old rope, new cotton, or linen cuttings from factories 
 not included.) The disinfection of the articles mentioned above shall 
 be performed under the supervision of a United States consul or a 
 medical officer of the United States, and a certificate in duplicate, 
 signed by said consul or medical officer, shall be issued with each con- 
 signment of same, which certificate shall identify the articles and state 
 that they have been disinfected in accordance with the United States 
 quarantine regulations. The original certificate of disinfection shall 
 be attached to the consignee's invoice, and where the articles are car- 
 ried by sea the duplicate certificate of disinfection shall be attached to 
 the bill of health issued to the vessel conveying the same. 
 
 Exceptions.- — Such articles shipped from the Dominion of Canada 
 directly to the United States shall be exempt from this requirement 
 if accompanied by affidavits demonstrating to the satisfaction of the 
 collector of customs at the port of arrival that they have actually 
 originated in Canada and have not been shipped from a foreign country 
 to Canada, and thence shipped to the United States; and further, that 
 
 23219—03 2 
 
18 
 
 the port or place where collected or handled has been free from quar- 
 antinable disease for thirty days prior to shipment. 
 
 22. New feathers for bedding, human and other hair (unmanufac- 
 tured), bristles, wool, hides not chemically cured, coming from a dis- 
 trict where cholera or plague prevails, shall be refused entry into the 
 United States until thirty days have elapsed since last exposure in case 
 of cholera, and sixty days in case of plague, unless unpacked and dis- 
 infected. Feathers which have been used should be disinfected, and 
 invariably by steam. 
 
 Bristles which have been boiled, and wool and new feathers which 
 have been packed in naphthalin preparatory to shipment, may be 
 shipped without further treatment. 
 
 Dry hides packed in naphthalin may be shipped as chemically cured 
 hides. 
 
 Unsalted green hides from a district where cholera prevails must 
 not be shipped. 
 
 2S. The articles enumerated in the preceding paragraph coming 
 from a district where smallpox, typhus fever, cholera, or plague pre- 
 vails in epidemic form, should be refused shipment unless disinfected 
 as hereinafter provided. 
 
 24r. Nothing in these regulations shall be construed to modify or 
 aflfect in any way any existing restrictions promulgated by the Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury at the instance of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
 Department of Agriculture, regarding the importation of hides of 
 neat cattle. 
 
 25. Any covering, shipped from or through an infected port or 
 place, and which the consul or medical officer has reason to believe 
 infected should be disinfected. 
 
 26. Any article presumably infected, which can not be disinfected, 
 should not be shipped. 
 
 PASSENGERS AND CREW. 
 
 27. Passengers, for the purposes of these regulations, are divided 
 into two classes, cabin and steerage. 
 
 28. When practicable, passengers should not ship from an infected 
 port. 
 
 29. No person suffering from a quarantinable disease, or scarlet 
 fever, measles, diphtheria, or other communicable disease, should be 
 allowed to ship. 
 
 30._ Steerage passengers and crew coming from cholera-infected 
 districts should be detained five days in suitable houses or barracks 
 located where there is no danger from infection , and all baggage dis- 
 infected. 
 
 31. Steerage passengers and crew from districts not infected with 
 cholera, shipping at a port infected with cholera, unless passed 
 through without danger of infection and no communication allowed 
 between such persons and the infected locality, should be treated as 
 those in the last paragraph. 
 
 32. Cabin passengers coming from cholera - infected districts 
 embarking at a clean or an infected port should produce satisfactory 
 evidence as to their exact places of abode during the five days imme- 
 diately preceding embarkation. And if it appears that they or their 
 baggage have been exposed to infection the baggage should be disin- 
 
19 
 
 fected and the passengers detained under medical supervision a suffi- 
 cient time to cover the period of incubation since last exposure. 
 
 33. Steerage passengers and crew who, in the opinion of the inspect- 
 ing officer, have been exposed to the infection of yellow fever, should 
 be held under medical observation in a place free from danger of 
 infection for a period of five days before embarkation. 
 
 34. Steerage passengers and crew, coming from districts where 
 smallpox prevails in epidemic form, or who have been exposed to 
 smallpox, should be vaccinated before embarkation, unless they show 
 evidence of having acquired immunity to smallpox by previous attack 
 or recent successful vaccination. 
 
 35. Steerage passengers and crew who, in the opinion of the inspect- 
 ing officer, have been exposed to the infection of typhus fever, should 
 not be allowed to embark for a period of at least twelve days after 
 such exposure and the disinfection of their baggage. 
 
 36. Steerage passengers and crew who, in the opinion of the inspect- 
 ing officer, have been exposed to the infection of plague should be held 
 under medical observation in a place free from danger of infection for 
 a period of seven days before embarkation, and their baggage disin- 
 fected. 
 
 37. Cabin passengers coming from plague-infected districts, whether 
 embarking at a clean or an infected port, should produce satisfactory 
 evidence as to their exact places of abode during the seven days imme- 
 diately preceding embarkation. And if it appears that they or their 
 baggage have been exposed to infection the baggage should be disin- 
 fected and the passengers detained under medical supervision a suffi- 
 cient time to cover the period of incubation since last exposure. 
 
 38. Should quarantinable disease appear in the barracks or houses 
 in which passengers are undergoing detention, no passenger from said 
 houses or barracks who has been presumably exposed to this new 
 infection should embark until after the expiration of the period of 
 incubation of the disease in question subsequent to the last exposure 
 to infection and the application of all necessary sanitary measures. 
 
 39. All baggage of steerage passengers destined for the United 
 States should be labeled. If the baggage is in good sanitary condition 
 the label shall be a red label bearing the name of the port, the steam- 
 ship on which the baggage is to be carried, the word "passed" in 
 large type, the date of inspection, and the seal or stamp of the con- 
 sular or medical officer of the United States. All baggage that has 
 been disinfected shall bear a yellow label, upon which shall be printed 
 the name of the port, the steamship upon which the baggage is to be 
 carried, the word "disinfected" in large type, the date of disinfection 
 and the seal or stamp of the consular or medical officer of the United 
 States. It is understood, and it will be so printed on the blank, that 
 the label is not valid unless bearing the consular or medical officer's 
 stamp or seal. 
 
 40. Each steerage passenger shall be furnished with an inspection 
 card (see page 20). This card, stamped by the consular or medical 
 officer, is to be issued to every member of a family as well as to the 
 head thereof. 
 
20 
 
 Port of departure • 
 Name of ship 
 
 INSPECTION CARD. 
 
 [Immigrants and steerage passengers.] 
 
 . Date of departure 
 
 Last permanent residence ■ 
 
 Naine of immigrant ■ 
 
 Inspected and passed at 
 
 [Seal or stamp of consular or 
 medical officer,] 
 
 Passed at quarantine, port o£ 
 United States, 
 
 [Date.] 
 
 Passed by Immigration Bu- 
 reau, port of 
 
 [Date,] 
 
 [The following to be filled in by ship's surgeon or agent prior to or after embarkation,] 
 Ship' s list or manifest , No, on ship' s list or manifest 
 
 Berth No. 
 
 «3 M CO 
 
 m o i^ oD OS 
 
 '^ ^^ d !>. . 
 (cai 0.0-0 • 
 
 „ ".a &,S fto 
 
 O c3 m tyO to ,^ 
 
 VACCINATED. 
 
 [Signature or stamp.] 
 [Reverse Side,] 
 
 Keep this Card to avoid detention at Quarantine and on Railroads in the 
 United States. 
 
 Diese Karte muss aufbewahrt werden, um Aufenthalt an der Quarantine, 
 sowie auf den Eisenbahnen der Vereinigten Staaten zu vermeiden. 
 
 Cette carte doit etre conserv^e pour 6viter une distention a la Quarantaine, 
 ainsi que sur les chemins de fer des Etats-Unis. 
 
 Deze kaart moet bewaard worden, ten einde oponthoud aan de Quarantijn, 
 alsook op de ijzeren wegen der Vereenigde Staten te vermijden. 
 
 Conservate questo biglietto onde evitare detenzione alia Quarantina e sulle 
 Ferrovie degli Stati Uniti. 
 
 Tento Ifstek musite uschovati, nechcete-li ukarant^ny ( zastavenf ohledn6 
 zjiitSni zdravi) neb na drdze ve spojenych stAtech zdrzeni byti. 
 
 Tuto kartodku treba trimat' u sebe aby sa prede^lo zderzovanu v karantene 
 aj na zeleznici ve Spojenych Stdtoch. 
 
 41. In a port where any quarantinable disease prevails, the personnel 
 of vessels should remain on board during their stay in such port. 
 
 42. Passengers and crews, merchandise and baggage, prior to ship- 
 ment at a noninfectedj)ort, but coming from an infected locality, 
 should be subject to the same restrictions as are imposed at an infected 
 port. 
 
21 
 
 EECOEDS, EEPOETS, ETC. 
 
 43. The officer making the inspection will preserve in his office a record 
 of each inspection made and of each immunity certificate given; a copy 
 of each certificate of disinfection and of each bill of health issued. 
 
 A weekly report of the transactions of his office shall be forwarded 
 to the Surgeon-General at Washington, D. C. 
 
 44. In addition to the duties prescribed, the medical officer when 
 detailed in accordance with the act of Congress approved February 
 15, 1893, shall furnish such reports to the Surgeon-General of the 
 Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service as he may be able to make 
 upon sanitary conditions and other matters affecting the public health 
 and the welfare of the Service administration. 
 
 EEQUIEBMENTS AT SEA." 
 
 45. The master of a vessel should observe the following measures on 
 board his vessel: 
 
 {a) The water-closets, forecastle, bilges, and similar portions of the 
 vessel liable to harbor infection should be disinfected and frequently 
 cleansed. 
 
 (5) Free ventilation and rigorous cleanliness should be maintained in 
 all portions of the ship during the voyage and measures taken to destroy 
 rats, mice, fleas, flies, roaches, mosquitoes, and other vermin. 
 
 (c) A patient sick of a communicable disease should be isolated and 
 one member of the crew detailed for his care and comfort, who, if 
 practicable, should be immune to the disease. 
 
 {d) Communication between the patient or his nurse and other persons 
 on board should be reduced to a minimum. 
 
 ((?) Used clothing, body linen, and bedding of the patient and nurse 
 should be immersed at once in boiling water or in a disinfecting solution. 
 
 (_/) The compartment from which the patient was removed should 
 be disinfected and thoroughly cleansed. Articles liable to convey infec- 
 tion should remain in the compartments during the disinfection when 
 gaseous disinfection is used. 
 
 iff) Any person suffering from malaria or yellow fever should be 
 kept under mosquito bars and the apartment in which he is confined 
 closely screened with mosquito netting. All mosquitoes on board 
 should be destroyed by burning pyretiirum powder (Persian insect 
 powder) or by fumigation with sulphur. Mosquito larvae (wigglers 
 or wiggle-tails) should be destroyed in water barrels, casks, and other 
 collections of water about the vessel by the use of petroleum (kero- 
 sene); where this is not practicable, use mosquito netting to prevent 
 the exit of mosquitoes from such breeding places. 
 
 (A) In the case of plague, special measures must be taken to destroy 
 rats, mice, fleas, flies, ants, and other vermin on board. 
 
 (*') In the case of cholera, typhoid fever, or dysentery, the drink- 
 ing water should be boiled and the food thoroughly cooked. The 
 discharges from the patient should be immediately disinfected and 
 thrown overboard. 
 
 46. An inspection of the vessel, including the steerage, should be 
 made by the ship's physician once each day. 
 
 o These requirements at sea are largely advisory in character, but it is nevertheless 
 true that a careful compliance with them should tend, at the port of arrival, to largely 
 relieve the stringency of quarantine measures. 
 
22 
 
 47. Should cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, typhus fever, plague, 
 or any other communicable disease appear on board a ship while at sea, 
 those who show symptoms of these diseases should be immediately 
 isolated in a proper place; the ship's physician should then immediately 
 notify the captain, who should note same in his log, and all of the 
 effects liable to convey infection which have been exposed to infection 
 should be destroyed or disinfected. 
 
 48. The hospital should be disinfected as soon as it becomes vacant. 
 
 49. The dead should be enveloped in a sheet saturated with one of 
 the strong disinfecting solutions, without previous washing of the 
 body, and at once buried at sea or placed in a coffin hermetically 
 sealed. 
 
 50. A complete clinical record should be kept by the ship's surgeon 
 of all cases of sickness on board, and the record delivered to the quar- 
 antine officer at the port of arrival. 
 
 51. The following disinfecting solutions are recommended for use 
 
 at sea: 
 
 Formulxfor strong disinfecting solutions. 
 
 BICHLOEIDE OF MERCURY. (1:500.) 
 
 Bichloride of mercury 1 part 
 
 Sea water 500 parts 
 
 Mix. 
 
 CARBOLIC AOID. (5 per cent.) 
 
 Alcohol 50 parts 
 
 Carbolic acid, pure 50 parts 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Then add fresh water 900 parts 
 
 Formulse for weak solutions. 
 
 BICHLORIDE OP MERCURY. (1:1,000.) 
 
 Bichloride of mercury 1 part 
 
 Sea water 1, 000 parts 
 
 CARBOLIC ACID. (2i per cent.) 
 
 Carbolic acid, pure 25 parts 
 
 Fresh water 1,000 parts 
 
 FORMALIN. (6 per cent. ) 
 
 Formalin (or formol) 50 parts 
 
 Water 950 parts 
 
 It is suggested that a vessel should carry for every 100 passengers: 
 Bichloride of mercury, 5 pounds; carbolic acid, 10 pounds; alcohol, 
 10 pounds, and formalin, 10 pounds. 
 
 DOMESTIC REaULATIONS. 
 
 aUARANTINE BEGTILATIONS TO BE OBSERVED AT PORTS AND ON THE EEON- 
 TIERS OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS POSSESSIONS AND DEPENDENCIES. 
 
 PKEAMBLE. 
 
 52. At or convenient to the principal ports, quarantine stations 
 should be equipped with all appliances for the inspection and treat- 
 ment of vessels, their passengers, crews, and cargoes. 
 
 53. For all ports where such provisions have not been made, inspec- 
 tion stations should be maintained. An inspection service should be 
 maintained for every port throughout the year. 
 
54. At a fully equipped quarantine station there should be adequate 
 provision for boarding and inspection, apparatus for mechanical cleans- 
 ing of vessels, apparatus for disinfection by steam, by sulphur, by for- 
 maldehyde, by disinfecting solutions, or any other methods prescribed 
 in these regulations; also a clinical laboratory, hospitals for contagious 
 and doubtful cases, a steam laundry, detention barracks for suspects, 
 bathing facilities, a crematory, a sufficient supply of good water, and 
 a proper system for the disposal of sewage. 
 
 55. The personnel of quarantine stations in the yellow fever zone 
 and on fruiters and other vessels of regular lines bound for southern 
 ports from ports where yellow fever prevails should be immune to 
 yellow fever. 
 
 56. At quarantine stations all articles liable to convey infection 
 should be handled only by the, employees of said station unless the 
 services of the crew of the vessel in quarantine are indispensable. 
 
 57. Vessels having been treated at national quarantine stations that 
 are located a considerable distance from the ports of entry of said 
 vessels may be inspected by the local quarantine officer, and if for any 
 sanitary reason it is considered inadvisable to admit the vessel, he 
 should report the facts immediately by telegraph, when possible, to 
 the Surgeon- General of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, 
 detaining the vessel pending his action. 
 
 58. The following regulations are the required minimum standard 
 and do not prevent the addition of such other rules as, for special 
 reasons, may be legally made by State or local authorities. 
 
 INSPECTION. 
 
 59. Every vessel subject to. quarantine inspection, entering a port 
 of the United States, its possessions or dependencies, shall be consid- 
 ered in quarantine until given free pratique. Such vessel shall fly a 
 yellow flag at the foremast head from sunrise to sunset, and shall 
 observe all the other requirements of vessels actually quarantined. 
 
 60. Vessels arriving at ports of the United States under the follow- 
 ing conditions shall be inspected by a quarantine oflicer prior to entry: 
 
 {a) AH vessels from foreign ports except those enumerated in para- 
 graph 4. 
 
 (o) Any vessel with sickness on board. 
 
 (c) Vessels from domestic ports where cholera, plague, or yellow 
 fever prevails, or where smallpox or typhus fever prevails in epidemic 
 form. 
 
 (d) Vessels from ports suspected of infection with yellow fever, 
 having entered a port north of the southern boundary of Maryland 
 without disinfection, shall be subjected to a second inspection before 
 entering any ports south of said latitude during the quarantine season 
 of such port. 
 
 61. The inspections of vessels required by these regulations shall be 
 made between sunrise and sunset, except in case of vessels in distress. 
 
 62. In making the inspection of a vessel, the bill of health and 
 clinical record of all cases treated during the voyage, crew and pas- 
 sengers' lists and manifests, and when necessary, the ship's log shall 
 be examined. The crew and passengers shall be mustered and exam- 
 ined and compared with the lists and manifests and any discrepancies 
 investigated. The clinical thermometer should be used in the exam- 
 ination of the personnel of vessels under suspicion. When a freight 
 
24 
 
 manifest shows that rags and other articles requiring disinfection 
 under these regulations are carried by the vessel, a certificate of disin- 
 fection, signed by a United States consul or a medical officer of the 
 United States, shall be exhibited and compared with same. If no 
 certificate of disinfection is produced the collector of customs at the 
 port of entry shall be notified of same by the quarantine officer. The 
 collector of customs shall then hold such consignment in a designated 
 place separate from other freight pending the arrival of the certificate 
 of disinfection; and in the event of its nonarrival, the articles shall 
 be disinfected as hereinbefore prescribed, or shall be returned by the 
 common carrier conveying same. 
 
 63. The medical officers of the United States, duly clothed with 
 authority to act as quarantine officers at any port or place within the 
 United States, and when performing the said duties, are hereby author- 
 ized to take declarations and administer oaths in matters pertaining to 
 the administration of the quarantine laws and regulations of the United 
 States. (Act of Mar. 2, 1901, sec. 12.) 
 
 64. No person, except the quarantine officer, his employees. United 
 States customs officers, pilots, or other persons authorized by the quar- 
 antine officer, shall be permitted to board any vessel subject to 
 quarantine inspection until after the vessel has been inspected by the 
 quarantine officer and granted free pratique, and all such persons so 
 boarding such vessel shall, in the discretion of the quarantine officer, 
 be subject to the same restrictions as the personnel of the vessel. 
 
 65. Towboats or any other vessels having had communication with 
 vessels subject to inspection shall themselves be subject to inspection. 
 
 66. After arrival at a quarantine station of a vessel carrying immi- 
 grants and upon which there has appeared during the last voyage a 
 case of cholera, smallpox, typhus fever, or plague, and after quaran- 
 tine measures provided by regulations of the Treasury Department 
 have been enforced and the vessel given free pratique, it is hereby 
 ordered that notification of the above-mentioned facts be transmitted 
 by the quarantine officer to the Commissioner of Immigration at the 
 port of arrival, who shall be requested to transmit, by mail or tele- 
 graph, to the State health authorities of the several States to which 
 immigrants from said vessel are destined, the date of departure, route, 
 number of immigrants, and the point of destination in the respective 
 States of the immigrants (rom said vessel, together with the statement 
 that said immigrants are from a vessel which has been subject to quar- 
 antine by reason of infectious disease, naming the disease. This infor- 
 mation is famished to State health officers for the purpose of enabling 
 them to maintain such surveillance over the arriving immigrants as 
 they may deem necessary. 
 
 67. When a vessel arriving at quarantine has on board any of the 
 communicable but nonquarantinable diseases, the quarantine officer 
 shall promptly inform the local health authorities of the existence of 
 such disease aboard and shall make every effort to furnish such notifi- 
 cation in ample time, if possible, to permit of the case being seen by 
 the local authorities before discharge from the vessel. 
 
 QUARANTINE. 
 
 68. Vessels arriving under the following conditions shall be placed 
 in quarantine: 
 
 {a) With quarantinable disease on board or having had such disease 
 on board during the voyage. 
 
25 
 
 (5) Any vessel which the quarantine ofScer considers infected. 
 
 (c) If arriving at a port south of the southern boundary of Maryland 
 in the season of close quarantine, May 1 to November 1, directly or via 
 a northern port, from a tropical American port, unless said port is 
 known to be free from yellow fever. 
 
 (d) In the case of vessels arriving at a northern port without sick- 
 ness on board from ports where yellow fever prevails, the personnel 
 shall be detained under observation at quarantine to complete five days 
 from the port of departure. 
 
 (e) Towboats and other vessels having had communication with ves- 
 sels subject to quarantine shall themselves be quarantined if they have 
 been exposed to infection. 
 
 69. Vessels arriving under the following conditions need not be sub- 
 ject to quarantine: 
 
 A. Vessels from yellow fever ports bound for ports in the United 
 States north of the southern boundary of Maryland, with good sani- 
 tary condition and history, having had no sickness on board at ports 
 of departure, en route or on arrival, provided they have been five days 
 from last infected or suspected port. 
 
 B. Vessels engaged in the fruit trade may be admitted to entry 
 without detention, provided that they have complied in all respects 
 with the special rules and regulations made by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury with regard to vessels engaged in said trade. 
 
 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AT QUARANTINE. 
 
 70. Pilots will be detained in quarantine a sufficient time to cover 
 the period of incubation of the disease for which the vessel is quaran- 
 tined, if, in the opinion of the quarantine officer, such pilots have 
 been exposed to infection. The dunnage of pilots shall be disinfected 
 when necessary. 
 
 71. No direct communication shall be allowed between any vessel 
 in quarantine and any person or place outside, and no communication 
 whatever between quarantine or any vessel in quarantine and any 
 person or place outside except under the supervision of the quarantine 
 officer. 
 
 72. Street cleanings, street sweepings, or any other form of ballast 
 containing organic refuse must be discharged at the quarantine station. 
 
 73. No presumably infected ballast shall be allowed to leave the 
 quarantine station until disinfected. 
 
 74. After a vessel has been rendered free from infection, it may be 
 furnished with a fresh crew and released from quarantine, while all or 
 part of the personnel are detained. Under these circumstances the 
 quarantine officer must exercise the greatest care that the vessel shall 
 not become reinfected, especially by contact with persons in quaran- 
 tine or infected objects. 
 
 75. Vessels detained at any national quarantine will be subject to 
 such additional rules and regulations as may be promulgated from 
 time to time by the Surgeon-General. 
 
 76. The form of certificate which shall be issued to a vessel by the 
 health officer when he releases her from quarantine shall be prescribed 
 by the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital 
 Service, and shall embody the statement that the vessel has in all 
 respects complied with the quarantine regulations prescribed by the 
 Secretary of the Treasury, and that in the opinion of the quarantine 
 
26 
 
 officer she will not convey quarantinable disease, and that said vessel 
 is granted free pratique to enter her port of destination, the name of 
 which is to be embodied in the blank. 
 
 77. The persons detained shall be inspected by the physician twice 
 daily, and be under his constant surveillance, and no intercourse will 
 be allowed between different groups while in quarantine. 
 
 78. No articles from an infected vessel shall be carried into the place 
 of detention until disinfected. 
 
 79. Cleanliness of quarters and of person shall be enjoined and daily 
 enforced. Disinfection shall be practiced where there is any possi- 
 bility of infection. 
 
 80. The water and food supply shall be strictly guarded to prevent 
 any contamination. 
 
 81. Water-closets, urinals, privies, or troughs shall be provided, 
 and their contents disinfected before they are discharged. 
 
 82. In any group in which communicable disease appears, the sick 
 will be immediately isolated in hospital, and the remaining persons in 
 the group and their effects appropriately treated and then removed to 
 other quarters if possible, and the compartments disinfected. 
 
 83. Communication between the physician and attendants of the 
 hospital and those detained in other parts of the quarantine station 
 shall be reduced to a minimum. 
 
 84. No convalescent shall be discharged from quarantine until after 
 a sufficient time has elapsed to insure his freedom from infection, and 
 this is to be determined by bacteriological examination where possible. 
 
 85. No other person shall be discharged from quarantine until the 
 period of incubation of the disease has elapsed since the last exposure 
 to infection. 
 
 86. The body of no person dead of quarantinable disease shall be 
 allowed to pass through quarantine until one year has elapsed since 
 death. Such bodies must be transported in hermetically sealed coffins, 
 the outsides of which have been carefully disinfected. 
 
 In the case of the bodies of such persons as may have died on the 
 voyage or upon arrival at quarantine, cremation should be resorted to 
 if practicable and consented to; if not, the body should be wrapped 
 without preliminary washing in a sheet saturated with a solution of 
 bichloride of mercury 1:500 and buried, surrounded by caustic lime. 
 
 87. The quarantine officer shall report to the Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury all violations of the quarantine laws. He should also report the 
 facts in the case to the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and 
 Marine-Hospital Service. 
 
 88. The quarantine officer shall report to the collector of customs 
 any vessel which arrives without the bill of health hereinbefore pre- 
 scribed. 
 
 89. All vessels requiring inspection under these regulations must 
 present to the collector of customs at the port of entry the quarantine 
 certificate above prescribed. 
 
 SPECIAL EEGULATIONS ON ACCOUNT OF CHOLERA. 
 
 90. For the purpose of these regulations five days shall be considered 
 as the period of incubation of cholera. 
 
 91. If the vessel carry persons from cholera-infected ports or places, 
 a bacteriological examination should be made of any cases of diarrhea 
 to exclude cholera before granting free partique. 
 
27 
 
 92. If cholera has appeared on board, remove all passengers from 
 the vessel and all of the crew, save those necessary to care for her; 
 place the sick in hospital. Carefully isolate those especially suspected 
 and segregate the remainder in small groups. No communication 
 should be held between these groups. Those believed to be especially 
 capable of conveying infection must not enter the place of detention 
 until they are bathed and furnished with noninfected clothing; nor 
 shall any material capable of conveying infection be taken into the 
 place of detention, especially food and water. 
 
 93. Water and food supply must be strictly guarded to prevent con- 
 tamination and issued to each group separately. 
 
 94. Food of a simple character, sufficient in quantity, thoroughly 
 cooked, shall be issued to those detained in quarantine. No fruit or 
 uncooked vegetables shall be permitted. 
 
 95. The greatest care must be exercised to prevent the spread of the 
 infection through the agency of flies or other insects. 
 
 96. The dejecta from all persons in quarantine on account of cholera 
 shall be disinfected before final disposition. 
 
 97. The water supply of the vessel, if suspected of infection, must 
 be disinfected and then changed without delay ; the casks or tanks dis- 
 infected and after thorough rinsing refilled from a source of undoubted 
 purity, or the water furnished must have been recently boiled. 
 
 98. The baggage or effects of passengers and crew that may have 
 been exposed to ii;if ection must be disinfected. 
 
 99. Articles of cargo which have been exposed to infection and are 
 liable to convey the same must be disinfected. 
 
 100. Living apartments and their contents and such other portions 
 of the vessel as have been exposed to infection must be disinfected. 
 
 101. Water ballast taken on at a cholera-infected port should be dis- 
 charged at sea, or if discharged in fresh or brackish water must pre- 
 viously be disinfected. Vessels arriving with water ballast presumably 
 infected must return to sea under guard in order to discharge such 
 ballast. If practicable the tanks should be disinfected before being 
 flushed, and refilled with sea water. 
 
 SPECIAL REGUIiATIONS ON ACCOUNT OF YELLOW FEVEE. 
 
 102. For the purpose of these regulations, five days shall be con- 
 sidered as the period of incubation of yellow fever. 
 
 103. Where practicable remove the sick to hospital; remove and 
 isolate all persons not required for care of vessel. 
 
 104. For the destruction of mosquitoes there shall be a preliminary- 
 and simultaneous fumigation of all parts of the vessel by sulphur diox- 
 ide gas. In cabins containing articles liable to damage by sulphur 
 dioxide, pyrethrum powder may be burned instead. 
 
 105. If, from the disposition of the cargo or any other reason, the 
 previous fumigation is deemed not to have been effective, a complete 
 fumigation is now to be done, simultaneously, of the whole vessel. 
 Measures are in all cases to be taken to destroy larvaj of mosquitoes 
 aboard. 
 
 106. The personnel of the vessel shall be detained five days from 
 completion of disinfection, or if they have been removed before disin- 
 fection of the vessel, their detention shall begin from last possible 
 exposure to infection. 
 
28 
 
 If cases of yellow fever have occurred aboard, the time of detention 
 at stations south of the southern boundary of Maryland must be 
 extended to six days." 
 
 107. If the vessel has in all respects complied with the quarantme 
 regulations to be observed at foreign ports in such cases, and has been 
 disinfected under the supervision of an accredited medical officer of 
 the United States at the port of departure, she may, upon arrival at 
 her port of destination in the United States, with good sanitary history 
 and in good condition, be subject to the following treatment: 
 
 (a) If arriving in five days or less, she may be admitted to pratique 
 without disinfection or further detention than is necessary to complete 
 the five days. 
 
 (i) If arriving after five days and within ten days, she may be 
 immediately fumigated and admitted without detention. 
 
 (c) If arriving after a longer voyage than ten days, she shall be 
 treated as if she had not been subjected to any previous treatment.* 
 
 108. Passenger traffic without detention may be allowed during the 
 close quarantine season. May 1 to November 1, from ports infected 
 with yellew fever to ports in the United States south of the southern 
 boundary of Maryland under the following conditions: 
 
 (a) Vessels to be of iron or the best class of wooden vessels, and to be 
 cleaned immediately prior to taking on passengers. The officer issuing 
 the bill of health to these vessels shall withhold the same if the vessel 
 is not in first-class sanitary condition and complying in every respect 
 with the conditions stated in this paragraph. 
 
 (h) The vessel must lie at approved moorings in the open harbor; 
 must not approach the wharves, nor must the crew be allowed ashore 
 at the port of departure. Every possible precaution must be taken to 
 prevent the ingress of mosquitoes, and to provide for the destmction 
 of these should they find ingress. 
 
 (o) All passengers and crew must be immune to yellow fever and so 
 certified by the United States medical officer.'^ 
 
 109. The disinfection of baggage for yellow fever is not required, 
 but baggage destined directly or indirectly for any State shall be dis- 
 infected at the request of the health officer of said State. All baggage 
 shall be inspected and the absence of mosquitoes definitely proven. 
 The presence of any mosquitoes, regarding the infection of which the 
 quarantine officer has doubts, shall be sufficient grounds for such fur- 
 ther measures as the quarantine officer may deem justifiable. 
 
 SPECIAL REGULATIONS ON ACCOUNT OF SMALLPOX. 
 
 110. For the purpose of these regulations, fourteen days shall be 
 considered as the period of incubation of smallpox. 
 
 111. On all vessels arriving with smallpox on board, or having had 
 smallpox on board during the voyage, any of the personnel who have 
 been exposed to the infection of the disease must be vaccinated or 
 
 «The period of incubation ot yellow fever is not rarely over five days. 
 
 6 If the vessel should have been in transit for a considerable number of days, it is 
 obvious that a case of yellow fever may have occurred and recovered, leaving the 
 vessel infected, and not affording any opportunity to the quarantine officer to deter- 
 mine same. = 
 
 «The evidence of immunity which may be accepted by the sanitary inspector is: 
 First, proof of previous attack of yellow fever; second, proof of continued residence 
 in an endemic focus of yellow fever for ten years. 
 
29 
 
 detained in quarantine not less than fourteen days, unless they show 
 satisfactory evidence of recent successful vaccination or of having had 
 smallpox. 
 
 112. Vessels arriving with smallpox on board which has been prop- 
 erly isolated and other suiEcient precautions taken to prevent the 
 spread of the disease need not be quarantined further than the removal 
 of the sick, the disinfection of all compartments, baggage, and objects 
 that have been exposed to the liability of infection, and such vaccina- 
 tion of the personnel as required in paragraph 111. 
 
 113. On vessels arriving with smallpox on board and where the 
 proper isolation and other precautions have not been taken, all those 
 whom the quarantine officer believes to have been exposed to the 
 infection will be detained unless they have had smallpox or unless 
 they show satisfactory signs of having been properly vaccinated within 
 one year. 
 
 114. Living compartments and their contents or any other parts of 
 the vessel exposed to the infection must be disinfected. 
 
 115. The baggage and effects of passengers and crew that have been 
 exposed to the infection must be disinfected. 
 
 SPECIAL REGULATIONS ON ACCOUNT OF TYPHUS FEVER. 
 
 116. For the purpose of these regulations twelve days shall be con- 
 sidered as the period of incubation of typhus fever. 
 
 117. Vessels in otherwise good sanitary condition, but having typhus 
 fever on board which has been properly isolated, need not be quar- 
 antined further than the removal of the sick, and disinfection of the 
 compartments and their contents exposed to infection. 
 
 118. If the case has not been isolated, or the disease has spread on 
 board from person to person, the vessel will be quarantined, the sick 
 removed, and those who have been exposed to the infection detained 
 under observation. 
 
 119. Vessels in bad sanitary condition, on which the disease has 
 appeared, will be quarantined until thoroughly cleansed and disin- 
 fected throughout; the sick will be cared for at isolated hospitals, and 
 those exposed to the infection detained under observation. 
 
 120. The baggage aVid effects of passengers and crew that have been 
 exposed to the infection must be disinfected. 
 
 121. Living compartments and their contents, or any other parts of 
 the vessel exposed to the infection must be disinfected. 
 
 SPECIAL REGULATIONS ON A^CCOUNT OF LEPROSY. 
 
 122. Vessels arriving at quarantine with leprosy on board shall not 
 be granted pratique until the leper with his or her baggage has been 
 removed from the vessel to the quarantine station. 
 
 123. No alien leper shall be landed. 
 
 124. If the leper is an alien passenger and the vessel is from a foreign 
 port, action will be taken as provided by the immigration laws and 
 regulations of the United States. And to this end the case shall be 
 certified as a leper and reported to the nearest commissioner of immi- 
 gration. 
 
 125. If the leper is an alien and a member of the crew and the 
 vessel is from a foreign port, said leper shall be detained at the quar- 
 antine at the vessel's expense until taken aboard by the s^me vessel 
 
30 
 
 when outward bound. Such case of leprosy should be promptly 
 reported to the collector of customs at the port of arrnval of the 
 vessel, and the collector shall exact a bond from the vessel tor the 
 reshipment of the said alien leper upon the departure of the vessel. 
 
 SPECIAL REGULATIONS ON ACCOUNT OF PLAGUE. 
 
 126. For the purpose of these regulations seven days shall be con- 
 sidered as the period of incubation of plague. _ 
 
 127. In those actually exposed to the infection of plague the admin- 
 istration of antipest serum is regarded as a valuable prophylactic 
 measure; for the prevention of the introduction of plague into a 
 community liable to the introduction of plague through commercial 
 intercourse, immunization by Haffkine's prophylactic is to be rec- 
 ommended. 1 . J. 
 
 128. Vessels infected with plague, or suspected of such infection, 
 should be anchored at a sufficient distance from the shore or other 
 vessels, to prevent the escape of rats by swimming. 
 
 129. In inspecting vessels from plague-infected ports, or_ vessels 
 with plague on board at port of departure, en route or on arrival, the 
 personnel of the vessel should be examined with special reference to 
 the glandular regions, cervical, axillary, and inguinal, and for such 
 examination as much clothing should be removed as may interfere 
 with the thoroughness of the process. When possible, females should 
 be examined by female inspectors." 
 
 130. In the inspection of vessels for plague, special attention must 
 be directed to the discovery of cases of a mild type or of the pneumonic 
 form of the disease. Suspected or doubtful cases should be subjected 
 to bacteriological examination before the vessel is released. 
 
 131. On all plague-infected vessels, any of the personnel of such 
 vessels who, in the opinion of the quarantine officer, are infected or 
 have been exposed to infection, shall be bathed and body clothing and 
 hand baggage disinfected. 
 
 132. Nothing shall be thrown overboard from the vessel, not even 
 deck sweepings. Such material shall be burned in the furnaces of a 
 steamer, or in a place specially designated, but not in the galley. 
 
 133. Special precautions must be taken against rats, mice, ants, flies, 
 fleas, and other animals, on account of the danger of the infection of 
 the disease being spread through their agency. 
 
 134. As soon as practicable, there shall be a preliminary disinfection 
 with sulphur dioxide for the purpose of killing rats and vermin, before 
 further disinfecting processes are applied to the vessel and her cargo. 
 The killing of any escaping rats shall be provided for by a water guard 
 in small boats, and no person with abrasions or open sores should be 
 employed in the handling of the vessel or her cargo. 
 
 135. The vessel shall be submitted to a simultaneous disinfection 
 in all parts with sulphur dioxide to insure the destruction of rats and 
 vermin. The rats shall be subsequently gathered and burned, due 
 precautions being taken not to touch them with the bare hands, and 
 the places where found disinfected with a germicidal solution; and the 
 quarantine officer shall assure himself that the vessel is free of rats 
 and vermin before granting free pratique. 
 
 « The -examination herein provided being an exceedingly delicate matter, the 
 greatest possible care is to be used by the quarantine officer to avoid any grounds tor 
 complaint of indecent exposure, and more particularly with regard to females. 
 
31 
 
 136. Disinfection of vessels for plague shall be as follows: 
 
 "With cargo: After twelve hours' exposure to sulphur dioxide, the 
 upper 4 to 6 foot layer of cargo may be removed and placed on lighters 
 exposed to the sun. This process of disinfection by night, and removal 
 of successive layers of cargo by day, to be continued until hold is 
 empty. 
 
 137. Vessels without cargo shall be disinfected by sulphur dioxide, 
 followed by germicidal solutions, in accordance with the general regu- 
 lations for disinfection, paragraphs 156 to 185. 
 
 CANADIAN AND MEXICAN FKONTIERS. 
 
 138. When practicable, alien immigrants arriving at Canadian or 
 Mexican ports, destined for the United States, shall be inspected at 
 the Canadian or Mexican port of arrival by the United States consular 
 or medical officer, and be subjected to the same sanitary restrictions 
 as are called for by the rules and regulations governing United States 
 ports. 
 
 139. Infection cards will be issued by the consular or United States 
 medical officer at the Canadian or Mexican port of arrival to all such 
 alien immigrants, and labels affixed to their baggage, as is required at 
 foreign ports in the case of those coming direct to any port of the 
 United States. 
 
 140. If any person be found suffering from a quarantinable disease, 
 or be presumably infected, hfe shall be denied entry or shall be kept 
 under quarantine observation so long as danger of conveying the 
 infection exists. 
 
 141. Any baggage or other effects believed to be infected shall be 
 refused entry unless disinfected in accordance with these regulations. 
 
 142. Persons coming from localities where cholera is prevailing 
 shall not be allowed entry until after five days have elapsed since last 
 presumable exposure to infection, and their baggage disinfected. 
 
 143. During the quarantine season persons not positivel}^ identified 
 as immune to yellow fever, coming from places where yellow fever 
 prevails, will not be permitted to enter until they have been away 
 from said localities five full days. 
 
 144. Persons coming from localities where smallpox is prevailing 
 shall not be allowed entry without vaccination, unless they are pro- 
 tected by a previous attack of the disease or a recent successful vac- 
 cination. The baggage of persons from such localities shall be 
 disinfected. 
 
 145. Persons coming from localities where typhus fever prevails in 
 epidemic form shall not be allowed entry until twelve days have 
 elapsed since their last possible exposure to infection and the disinfec- 
 tion of their baggage. 
 
 146. Persons coming from localities where plague is prevailing shall 
 not be allowed entry until seven days have elapsed since their' last pos- 
 sible exposure to infection and the disinfection of their baggage. 
 
 147. No common carrier which is infected, or suspected of being 
 infected, shall be allowed to enter the United States until after such 
 measures have beep taken as will render it safe. 
 
 148. Articles of merchandise, personal effects, etc., which are pre- 
 sumably infected, shall not be allowed entry into the United States 
 until after disinfection. 
 
32 
 
 149. Rags gathered and baled in Canada, accompanied by affidavits 
 that the ports or places where collected or handled were free from 
 quarantinable disease for thirty days prior to shipment, may be 
 admitted to entry; but rags from foreign ports shipped through Can- 
 ada shall not be admitted to entry unless they are accompanied by a 
 certificate of a United States consul or medical officer of the United 
 States that they have been disinfected, or until after they have been 
 unbaled and disinfected at the port of arrival. 
 
 150. Where not otherwise specifically stated, the rules and regula- 
 tions for maritime quarantine shall be applied at stations on the Cana- 
 dian and Mexican frontiers; and the methods of disinfections shall be 
 those prescribed in these regulations. 
 
 SPECIAL REGULATIONS RELATING TO NAVAL VESSELS. 
 
 151. Vessels of the U. S. Navy may be granted the hereinafter 
 stated exemptions from quarantine regulations, but are subject to 
 quarantine inspection upon arrival at a port of the United States. 
 
 152. The certificates of the medical officers of the U. S. Navy as to 
 the sanitary history and condition of the vessel and its persoQnel may 
 be accepted for naval vessels by the quarantine officer boarding the 
 vessel in lieu of an actual inspection. 
 
 153. Vessels of the U. S. Navy having entered the harbors of 
 infected ports, but having held no communication which is liable to 
 convey infection, may be exempted from the disinfection and detention 
 imposed on merchant vessels from such ports. 
 
 INSPECTION OF STATE AND LOCAL QUARANTINES. 
 
 154. In the performance of the duties imposed upon him by the act 
 of February 15, 1893, the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and 
 Marine-Hospital Service shall, from time to time, personally or 
 through a duly detailed officer of the Public Health and Marine-Hos- 
 pital Service, inspect the maritime quarantines of the United States, 
 State and local, as well as national, for the purpose of ascertaining 
 whether the quarantine regulations prescribed by the Secretarj^ of the 
 Treasury have been or are being complied with. The Surgeon- 
 General, or the officer detailed by him as inspector, shall, at his discre- 
 tion, visit any incoming vessel or any vessel detained in quarantine, 
 and all portions of the quarantine establishment, for the above-named 
 purpose, and with a view to certifying, if need be, that the regulations 
 have been or are being enforced. 
 
 155. The Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital 
 Service is authorized, when in his discretion such action is necessary 
 in the interest of the public health, to remand, by direction of the 
 Secretary of the Treasury, any vessel to the nearest national. State, or 
 local quarantine station provided with proper facilities for handling 
 infected vessels. 
 
33 
 
 DISINFECTANTS AUTHORIZED BY THESE REGULATIONS AND THE PROPER 
 METHODS or GENERATING AND USING SAME, 
 
 PHYSICAL DISINFECTANTS. 
 
 156. Burning. Of unquestioned efficiency, but seldom required. 
 
 157. Boiling. Very efficient and of wide range of applicability. 
 The articles must be wholly immersed for not less than thirty minutes 
 in water actually boiling (100=' C). The addition of 1 per cent of 
 .carbonate of soda renders the process applicable to polished steel, 
 cutting instruments or tools. 
 
 158. Steam. 
 
 (a) Flowing steam (not under pressure). Flowing steam (not under 
 ;pressure) when applied under suitable conditions is an efficient disin- 
 fecting agent. The exposure must be continued thirty minutes after 
 the temperature has reached 100° C. 
 
 (h) Steam under pressure without vacuum. Steam under pressure 
 will sterilize, provided that the process is continued twenty minutes 
 after the pressure reaches 15 pounds per square inch. The air must 
 be expelled from the apparatus at the beginning of the process. If 
 impracticable to obtain tlie designated pressure, a longer exposure will 
 accomplish the same result. 
 
 (c) Steam under pressure with vacuum. Steam in a special appara- 
 tus with vacuum attachment is the best method of applying steam 
 under pressure, the object of the vacuum apparatus being to expel the 
 air and to promote the penetration of the steam. The process is to be 
 continued for twenty minutes after the pressure reaches 10 pounds to 
 the square inch. 
 
 GASEOUS DISINFECTANTS. 
 
 159. Sulphur dioxide. Sulphur dioxide is efficient, but requires 
 the presence of moisture. It is only a surface disinfectant, and is 
 lacking in penetrating properties. An atmosphere containing 4.5 per 
 cent can be obtained by burning 5 pounds of sulphur per 1.000 
 cubic feet of space. This amount would require the evaporation or 
 volatilization of about 1 pint of water. Under these conditions the 
 time of exposure should be not less than twenty -four hours for bacte- 
 rial infections. A shorter time will suffice for fumigation necessary 
 to kill mosquitoes and other vermin. 
 
 160. The sulphur may be burned in shallow iron pots (Dutch ovens) 
 containing not more than 30 pounds of sulphur for each pot, and 
 the pots should stand in vessels of water. The sulphur pots should 
 be elevated from the bottom of the compartment to be disinfected in 
 order to obtain the maximum possible percentage of combustion of 
 sulphur. The sulphur should be in a state of fine division, and igni- 
 tion is best accomplished by alcohol ; special care to be taken with this 
 method to prevent damage to cargo of vessel by fire; or the sulphur 
 may be burned in a special furnace, the sulphur dioxide being dis- 
 tributed by a power fan. This method is peculiarly applicable to 
 cargo vessels. 
 
 161. Liquefied sulphur dioxide may be used for disinfection in place 
 of sulphur dioxide generated as above, it being borne in mind that 
 this process will require 2 pounds of the liquefied gas for each pound 
 of sulphur as indicated in the above paragraphs. 
 
 23219-03 3 
 
34 
 
 162. Sulphur dioxide is especially applicable to the holds of vessels, 
 or to freight cars and apartments that may be tightly closed and which 
 do not contain objects injured by the gas. Sulphur dioxide bleaches 
 fabrics or materials dyed with vegetable or aniline dyes. It destroys 
 linen or cotton goods by rotting the fiber through the agency of the 
 acids formed. It injures most metals. It is promptly destructive to 
 all forms of animal life. This property renders it a valuable agent 
 for the extermination of rats, insects, and other vermin. 
 
 FORMALDEHYDE GAS. 
 
 163. Formaldehyde gas is eifective if applied by one of the methods 
 given below. Formaldehyde gas has the advantage as a disinfectant 
 that it does not injure fabrics or most colors. It is not poisonous to the 
 higher forms of animal life. It fails to kill vermin such as rats, mice, 
 roaches, bedbugs, etc. The method is not applicable to the holds of 
 large vessels. Formaldehyde is applicable to the disinfection of rooms, 
 clothing, and fabrics, but should not be depended upon for bedding, 
 upholstered furniture, and the like, when deep penetration is required. « 
 
 164. Many formaldehyde solutions do not contain 40 per cent of 
 formaldehyde, and all are apt to deteriorate with time. It is therefore 
 necessary to use a quantity in excess of the amount prescribed in these 
 regulations, unless the solution has been recently analyzed. 
 
 165. The following methods of evolving the gas may be used: 
 (a) Autoclave under pressure, 3 to 12 hours' exposure. 
 
 (i) Lamp or generator, 6 to 18 hours' exposure. 
 
 (c) Spraying, 12 to 24 hours' exposure. 
 
 (d) Formaldehyde and dry heat in partial vacuum, 1 hour's exposure. 
 
 166. The minimum number of hours' exposure as given above applies 
 to empty rooms of tight construction containing smooth, hard, surfaces; 
 the maximum number of hours' exposure applying in all cases to textiles 
 and other articles of a similar kind requiring more or less penetration. 
 
 167. Autoclave u: der pressure. This method has considerable pene- 
 trating power when applied as detailed below. Rooms or apartments 
 need no special preparation beyond the ordinary closing of doors and 
 windows. Pasting, caulking, or chinking of ordinary cracks and 
 crevices is not necessary. The doors of lookers and closets and the 
 drawers of bureaus should be opened. In this apparatus use formalin 
 (40 per cent), with the addition of a neutral salt, such as calcium chlo- 
 ride (20 per cent). The gas must be evolved under a pressure not less 
 than 45 pounds. After the gas is separated from its watery solution the 
 pressure may be allowed to fall and steam projected into the compart- 
 ment to supply the necessary moisture. Use not less than 10 ounces- 
 of formalin per 1,000 cubic feet, and keep the room closed for three 
 to twelve hours after the completion of the process. For large rooms 
 the gas must be introduced at several points as far apart as possible. 
 It is applicable to the disinfection of clothing and fabrics suspended 
 looselj' in such a manner that every article is freely accessible to the 
 gas from all directions. 
 
 168. Lamp or generator. This method requires an apparatus pro- 
 ducing formaldehyde by a partial oxidation of wood alcohol, and in 
 using it the room or apartment should be rendered tight as practicable. 
 Oxidize 24 ounces of wood alcohol per 1,000 cubic feet, and keep the 
 
 «It should be noted that formaldehj-de disinfection is more efficient in warm, 
 moist or still weather than in cold, dry or windy weather. 
 
35 
 
 room closed for six to eighteen hours, in accordance with the provi- 
 sions of paragraph 165. This metliod leaves little or no odor. When 
 applied to clothing and textiles, the articles should be suspended in a 
 tight room and so disposed as to permit free access of the gas. (See 
 also Par. 166.) The wood alcohol should be of 95 per cent strength, 
 and should not contain more than 5 per cent of acetone. 
 
 169. Spraying. The formalin (40 per cent) should be sprayed on 
 sheets suspended in the room in such a manner that the solution 
 remains in small drops on the sheet. Spray not less than 10 ounces of 
 formalin (40 per cent) for each 1,000 cubic feet. Used in this way a 
 sheet will hold about 5 ounces without dripping or the drops running 
 together. The room must be very tightly sealed in disinfecting with 
 this process, and kept closed not less than twelve hours. The method 
 is limited to rooms or apartments not exceeding 2,000 cubic feet. The 
 formalin may also be sprayed upon the walls, floors, and objects in 
 the rooms. 
 
 170. Formaldehyde with dry heat in partial vacuum. This method 
 has superior penetrating powers and is specially applicable to clothing 
 and baggage. The requirements of this method are (1) dry heat of 60° 
 C. sustained for one hour; (2) a vacuum of 15 inches; (3) formalde- 
 hyde evolved from a mixture of formalin with a neutral salt, in an 
 autoclave under pressure, using not less than 30 ounces of formalin 
 (40 per cent) for 1,000 cubic feet; and (4) a total exposure, under these 
 combined conditions, of one hour. 
 
 171. The stated times of exposure to sulphur dioxide and formalde- 
 hyde are sufficient to destroy bacterial infection due to non-spore-bear- 
 ing organisms, providing that the infection is present on the surface. 
 If the room is of peculiar construction, so as to impede the difi'usion of 
 the gas, or if the room is a dirtj^ one, or if on account of any other 
 condition rendering the germicidal action of the gas more difficult, the 
 time of exposure should be proportionately increased, or supplanted 
 by other methods. 
 
 CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS. 
 
 172. Bichloride of mercury. Bichloride of mercury is a disinfect- 
 ant of undoubted potency and wide range of applicability. It can not 
 be depended upon to penetrate substances in the presence of albumi- 
 nous matter. It should be used in solutions of 1 to 1,000. The solu- 
 bility of bichloride of mercury may be increased by using sea water 
 for the solution, or by adding 2 parts per 1,000 of sodium or ammo- 
 nium chloride to the water employed. 
 
 173. Carbolic acid. Carbolic acid in the strength of 5 per cent (see 
 par. 51) may be substituted for the bichloride of mercury, and should 
 be employed in the disinfection of the cabins and living apartments of 
 ships to obviate injurious action on polished metals, bright work, etc. 
 
 174. Formalin. Formalin containing 40 per cent of formaldehyde may 
 be used in a 5 per cent solution as a substitute for bichloride of mercury 
 or carbolic acid, and is useful for the disinfection of surfaces, dejecta, fab- 
 rics, and a great variety of objects, owing to its noninjurious character. 
 
 APPLICATION or DISINFECTANTS IN ftUABANTINE WORK. 
 
 175. Hold of iron vessels, empty, shall be disinfected by either: 
 
 (a) Sulphur dioxide generated by burning sulphur 5 pounds per 
 1,000 cubic feet of air space, or liberated from 10 pounds of liquid sul- 
 
36 
 
 phur dioxide, sufficient moisture being present in both cases; time of 
 exposure, twenty-four hours. (See par. 159.) 
 
 (b) Washing with a solution of bichloride of mercury, 1: 1,000. 
 
 176. Holds of wooden vessels, empty, shall be disinfected by: 
 
 (a) Sulphur dioxide in the manner prescribed above, followed by 
 (5) Washing with a solution of bichloride of mercury.- 
 
 177. In the case of all vessels, both iron and wooden, when treated 
 for yellow fever or plague infection, the first process shall be a pre- 
 liminary fumigation by sulphur dioxide in the manner previously stated 
 in paragraphs 159-160, in order to insure the destruction of mosquitoes, 
 rats, and other vermin. 
 
 178. Holds of cargo vessels, when cargo can not be removed, shall 
 be disinfected in so far as possible by sulphur dioxide not less than 4 
 per cent per volume strength, and where possible this should be gener- 
 ated from a furnace to minimize danger of fire in cargo. 
 
 179. Living apartments, cabins, and forecastles of vessels shall be 
 disinfected by one or more of the following methods: 
 
 (a) Sulphur dioxide, the destructive action of the gas on property 
 being borne "in mind. 
 (i) Formaldehyde gas. 
 
 (c) Washing with solution of bichloride of mercury, 1:1,000 or 5 
 per cent solution of formalin, or 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid, 
 preference being given to carbolic acid for application to polished 
 woods, bright metals, and other objects injured by metallic salts. 
 
 The forecastle, steerage, and other living apartments in bad sanitary 
 condition must be disinfected b}^ method (a) followed by method (c). 
 
 180. Mattresses, pillows, and heavy fabrics are to be disinfected by: 
 
 (a) Boiling. 
 
 (b) Flowing steam, i. e., steam not under pressure. 
 
 (c) Steam under pressure. 
 
 (d) Steam in a special apparatus with vacuum attachment. 
 
 181. Clothing, fabrics, textiles, curtains, hangings, etc., may be 
 treated by either of the above methods from (a) to (d) inclusive, as cir- 
 cumstances may demand, or by formaldehyde gas or sulphur dioxide 
 where the article is of a chai'acter which will not be damaged by sul- 
 phur dioxide. 
 
 182. Articles injured by steam, such as leather, furs, skins, rubber, 
 trunks, valises, hats and caps, bound books, silks, and fine woolens 
 should not be disinfected by steam. Such articles should be disin- 
 fected by formaldehyde gas or by any of the agents allowed in these 
 regulations which may be applicable thereto. Those which will be 
 injured by wetting should be disinfected by a gaseous agent. 
 
 183. Clothing, textiles, and baggage, clean and in good condition, 
 but suspected of infection, can be efficiently and least injuriously dis- 
 infected by formaldehyde gas, generated by one of the methods pre- 
 scribed in paragraph 165— (a), (5), or (d). 
 
 184. Textiles which are soiled with the discharges of the sick or pre- 
 sumably are deeply infected, must be disinfected by: 
 
 (a) Boiling. 
 (5) Steam. _ 
 (c) Immersion m one of the germicidal solutions. 
 
 185. Cooking and eating utensils are always to be disinfected by 
 immersion in boiling water or by steam.