ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Home Economics Cornell University Cornell University Library PN 4874.M85A3 Life notes.Recognitlon and tributes rece 3 1924 014 524 163 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014524163 £. CHARLES B. MURRAY At Sixty Years of Age. ^tLoAAyf /^, ^IAa^uk^oj^ , Life Notes of Charles B! Murray Journalist and Statistician Editor of The Cincinnati Price Current Forty-One Years Executive Secretary of The Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce Twenty Years Recognition and Tributes Received Published by Request Cincinnati, Ohio 191S 45 PN A3 374101 "Truth is the greatest power in the world. There is no force in business that can compare with honesty and straightforwardness ." THIS VOLUME is dedicated to my wife, Cora Thomas Murray. For thirty years her truly womanly qualities have given me a precious companionship, rich in contributions of intelligent as- sistance in my life's work; courage and aid in my perform- ance under earnest efiEorts for accomplishments influential for good; strength and cheer when I have been confronted with adverse and trying conditions; untiring in administrations for my relief in periods of illness. In Memory of Sallib Powell Murray, my wife for fourteen years. Inseparable from my life's interests in its early years of activities. An exemplar of unselfishness in devotion to the welfare of others. Noble among the noblest. Brave among the bravest. True among the truest. Chiujren of Sallie PowEivi< Murray — Charles Chatsworth Murray, Grace Murray Morten, Elbert Cook Murray, Nathaniel Carleton Murray, Harold Powell Murray, Edna Murray Hebble. Children of Cora Thomas Murray — Lowell Thomas Murray, Corinne Murray Weddell. ' ChildrEn-in-Law — Anna Marckworth Murray, Joseph DeCamp Morten, Jessie Langdon Murray, Elsie Johnson Murray, Charles Roy Hebble, Justin Robinson Weddell. MEMORIAL DIED— At her home in Cincinnati, Ohio, on Saturday, August 10, 1878, SALLIE POWELL MURRAY, daughter of the late Rev. David Powell, and beloved wife of Charles B. Murray; aged 37 years and 8 months. Buried Tuesday, August 13, in Spring Grove Cemetery. Whatever may be the inclination to give utterance to words of tribute to the memory of the cherished one now deceased, we feel that there is no language at our command capable of magnifying her estima- ble qualities, or of extolling her womanly virtues above what was reality. With a parentage favorable in influences for development of what are termed true Christian principles, and all that these words imply, she manifested at an early age an independence and breadth of thought which enabled her to comprehend the importance of life and its opportunities for the development of characteristics which give peace and enjoyment to the individual and command the approval and admira- tion of associates. With mother, father, and four sisters, one after the other, taken from her companionship by death, she, the youngest of the family, bereft of the aids and affections of such kin, was obliged to take up the contest of life at an early age without these natural supports. Her efforts were encouraged by a resolute heart, ambitious for performances of good work. Simple in manner, and self-sacrificing in labors in the interest of others, never taking to herself just credit for the good deeds accomplished. Heroic in every phase of life. As a wife, devoted to every interest of the husband ; affectionate in disposition, with a genuineness of love which ripened into increased maturity if possible with the succeeding years ; considerate, charitable, confiding, and at the close of near fourteen years of married life leaving to her husband the sweet reflection that during these years there had been an entire harmony of feeling, with no unloving utter- ances between them in any hour of this privileged companionship. As a mother, untiring in efforts to impress upon her offspring the principles of truth and charity, and to secure development into useful- ness and the possession of intellect. With the encroachments of disease in her later years, and a severe sufferer, she was ever cheerful, and able to contemplate the impending results with surpassing composure and fortitude. The future was one of brightness to her, with absolute faith in continuance of existence and capacity for extended usefulness. Intelligent in an understanding of the teachings of Swedenborg, she was a firm believer in the doc- trines of the Church of the New Jerusalem. To her husband and her six children, her departure is a calamity beyond measure, but it finds reconciliation in the memory of the sweet companionship so long per- mitted, and in the teachings which will help her children to emulate her virtues. C. B. M. (Cincinnati Price Current, August IS, 1878.) INDEX Page Introduction 1 1 General Observations. Personal History and Ancestry 17 Various Particulars. My Early Years 19 From Vermont and New York to Ohio. Early Printing Office Experiences. Limited Schooling Opportunities. Parental Treatment. Quaker Associations and Characteristics. Early Railroad Features. Interest in Phonetics. Home Conditions and Influences 25 Intimacies, Attachments, Marriages. Ideal Wedlock Companionships. Influence of True Womanhood. Concerning My Father 29 Features of His Notable Career. Early Theological Interests. Ardent New England Abolitionist. Fearless Lecturer Under Mob Violence. Editor and Publisher, East and West. As a Reformer in Welfare Interests. His Death and Funeral Incidents. Cremation of His Remains. Tributes to His Commanding Characteristics. Incidental Narrations. The Old Farm Home 39 Its Group of Buildings. Interesting Situation, Characteristics, Scenery. A Never Failing Spring. Great and Dense Forest Growths. Big Trees and Play Grounds. Flower Beds and Birds. The Fine Orchard of Apples and Pears. A Farm Printing Office. Numerous Notations. Of Brandon and Vermont 43 My Visits There. Early History and Industries. Electric Power Invention. Features of Joy and Inspiration. Hill, Valley and Mountain Attractions. Page Business Activities 5' Farming and Horticulture. Nursery and Other Interests. Commission Business in Cincinnati. Some Partnership Incidents. Prominent in Several Lines. War Time Experiences. Influence of Changes in Business. From Trade Operations to Publishing. Other Specifications. Opportunity Possibilities 57 Various Specifications. In Journalism and Statistics 6i Line of Statistical Work. Interference of Pork Packers. Tributes to Impartial Actions. Market Changes From Price Current News. Chicago Board of Trade Agitation. Advance News of Department Crop Report. Other Specifications. My Crop Reporting Systems 75 Special Plans, Etc. As Chamber of Commerce Executive 77 Appointment Without Application. Twenty Years of Official Service. Experiences With Business Disputes. Reports on Inland Waterways. As Delegate to National Board of Trade. Many References to Passing Incidents. Occurrences and Incidents 91 Helping Aged Persons Into a Home. Changing a Misconduct Verdict. Getting to the Treaty of Commerce Dinner. Testimonial to Captain W. W. Peabody. Maria Longworth Storer's Distinction. Helen M. Gould at the Chamber of Commerce. Mercantile Library Elections and Progressiveness. Various Other Narrations. Anniversary Remembrances 103 Celebration in a New Home. Surprise and Testimonial in 1906. A Remembrance at Seventy-Five. Gratifying Expressions Received. Influential Doings and Recognition 107 Compliments for Journalistic and Statistical Work. Elected Honorary Member of the Chamber of Commerce. Honorary Member of the Meat Packers' Association. Honorary Member of the Mt. Auburn Welfare Association. Mentioned for Appointment as Secretary of Agriculture. Other Notable Incidents. Page Some Experiences and Methods 113 Property Acquirement — Building Embarrassments. Fifty Years of Life Insurance Payments. No Price Current Workman Laid Off. An Open Shop Throughout. Various Brief Notations 115 Interesting Lard Deterioration Case. Foreign Use of Price Current Information. The Corn Crop of 1882 — Striking Market Influence of Price Current Information. Northwestern Trip in 1882. John Plankinton and Milwaukee. Lively Day at Chicago. Peter McGeoch Entertaining "The Boys." Old Hutch. 's Trading Signals. Board of Trade Policy of A. M. Wright. Western Tour Under Invitation. Other Passing Allusions. Social and Kindred Events 123 A Dinner Occasion for Artist Grafton. Leon Van Loo's After-Death Banquet. A Quaker and Irishman Episode. Anniversary Celebration for B. W. Wasson. Other Mentionings. Numerous Side Mentionings 131 Interesting Expressions Quoted. A Celebrity — His Youthful Love. A Memento of the Long Ago. Questionable Acts of a Trust Organization. Exploits in Surroundings of Cincinnati. Iniquity in a Great Trust Scheme. Occupancy and Naming of the Brandon Building. Some Receptions at the White House. An Engineer's Plan for a Panama Canal. Pork Packers' Association of the United States. Incident on 'Change at Chicago. Exposition Positions of James Allison. A Carnation Enthusiastic Grower. A Worthy and Appreciative Mayor. Henry Probasco — The Probasco-Davidson Fountain. Seeing Edwin Forrest Under Fever Conditions. Roses From a Famous Bush. A Statistician's "Reduction of Eight Hundred Per Cent." Other Interesting Specifications. Actions Relating to Crop Statistics 151 Washington Meeting in 1895. National Board of Trade Inquiry in 1902. Keep Commission on Department Methods. 8 Page Early Weather Reports i57 Smithsonian Institution Action in 1849. Cincinnati Weather Map Sheets in 1868 and Later. Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce Initiating Service. Other Connecting Features. Weather Bureau Chief's Misdoings i59 Disclosures by James Berry in 1910. Co-operation of the Cincinnati Price Current. Congressional Procedures Blocked. The Attitude of Cleveland Abbe. Misuse of Official Power by the Bureau Chief. Vicious Action Toward the Editor of the Price Current. Elimination of Chief Willis L. Moore. Factors in a Great Industry 165 Meat Packing and Allied Interests. The Foundation Builders. Growth of Enterprise of Strong Men. Trade Understandings and Competition. Individual Mentionings. Lake Mohonk Conferences 168 Leadership and Actions of Albert K. Smiley. The Great Work for Humanity. Some Detailed References. Helpful and Strengthening Influences 171 Fellowship and Friendship Benefits. Allusions to James Allison, William S. Harvey, B. Frank Howard, James Berry, A. O. Kraemer, Michael Ryan. Speculative Trade Subjects 175 The Designations of "Bulls'' and "Bears'' Disposition to Find Fault With Information. Various Illustrations of This Kind. Questionable Actions and Fallacies 183 Corn Trade News Statements. Criticisms Called Forth. Scheme for a National Council of Commerce. New York Exchange Crop Forecasting Methods. Vagaries of Oliver Dalrymple. Other Observations. Happenings and Observations 189 As Delegate to the National Board of Trade. Monetary Unit Proposition. Entertaining a Liverpool Merchant. Funds for San Francisco Women Teachers. Visit from San Francisco Supervisor of Music. An Unusual Funeral Request. The Armour Mission and Technical School. Civil Service Commission Incident. Various Other Notations. Page Vacation and Testimonial Occasions 199 Chamber of Commerce Testimonial in 1881. Extensive European Travel. Reception by Liverpool Merchants. Greetings Planned at Philadelphia. Significant Testimonial in 1906. To Europe With Wife and Daughter. Reception Occasion at Liverpool. Tribute From a Chamber of Commerce President. Addresses and Comment 209 Hague Day Celebration in 1905. Advancement in International Arbitration Propositions. Address Before the Cincinnati Commercial Club. Talk at the Meat Packers' Meeting. Grain Dealers' National Association Expressions. Addresses at Springfield, Ohio. Chattanooga Convention of Southern Secretaries. Some Talks at Quaker Meetings. Selections From Price Current Comments 221 Policy of the Paper. Occurrences Inviting Newspaper Attention. Wheat Market Conditions. The Beef Industry. Questions in Wheat Crop Estimates. Responsibility for Speculative Losses. Relating to Governmental Crop Estimates. Corn Crop and Market Questions. Senate Action on Crop Information. Forecasting Supplies of Hogs. Lard Below Alleged Cost of Production. Shifting Relations in Hog Product Prices. Retaliation in Foreign Trade Opposed. The Merit of Oleomargarine. The "Prevailing Commotion" and Food Prices. Exposure of "Wrong, But Business," as Fraud. The Scolding of an Unfortunate Trader. Made Unhappy by Wheat Supply Estimates. An Appeal for "Bull" Talk. Wheat Supply and Requirements — Influence Upon the Trade. An Early Forecast of the 1885 Wheat Crop. Corn Crop Estimates in 1887. Wheat Crop Estimates in 1886. Oliver Dalrymple's Beclouded Vision. Blundering Literature Shown Up. Advocating Deception in Business. Quantitative Reckonings in Crop Conditions. Proposition for Uniform Grain Measures. Professed Wisdom Without Foundation. Excursion to California in 1869. Some Other Items. lO Page Words of Recognition ■ ■ 242 Expressions From Many Sources. Official Appointment Congratulations 249 As Chamber of Commerce Executive Secretary. Token Book Acknowledgments 251 Gratifying Words of Commendation. Parting Words as Editor 258 On Retiring From Newspaper Work. Travels in Europe 259 Active Movements and Extensive Observations. Brief Narration of Details, 1 88 1 Trip. The 1906 Tour With Wife and Daughter. The Ending of Journalistic Work 284 Complimentary and Gratifying Expressions. Price Current Testimonials 289 Appreciative Words From Readers. Chronological Summary 299 Condensed References to My Career. A Son's Tribute To His Father 304 The Late Orson S. Murray. Verses — Life's Summits 38 Thanksgiving 38 A Christmas Prayer 50 A Conversion 50 Joys Within Reach 74 Parting Deferred 74 At Close of Day 106 Life's Teachings 112 A Day 112 Solitude 122 Homeward Bound ' 1 50 The Infamy of War 1 56 A Memory Sweet 164 How to Live 167 Where Power Belongs 182 Youth and Age 182 Joy's Way 220 Once in a While 220 The Great Beauty 257 The Hermit Thrush 288 At Time's Conquering Feet 299 A Rose to the Living 303 II INTRODUCTION. Early in 1914 I was reminded of a desire among my children that a Historical Sketch of my career should be prepared at my early convenience, it being felt that such a record would be of last- ing satisfaction to my kindred and many friends. Aside from inci- dents of the early years, and of family history, the main features of note in my life have had reference to two lines of activity — one being journalism, relating primarily to commercial interests ; the other, as executive official in an important and influential business organization. For forty-one years, ending at the close of 1912, my devoted attention was given to publication of the Cincinnati Price Current, an exponent of trade interests in grain, provisions, live stock, crop information, commercial statistics, and allied affairs, issued weekly. This line of work had a bearing upon speculative operations in im- portant degree, as well as in the producing, consuming and mer- chandising lines of interest, allied with commerce. A specialty from the outset was the maintenance of pork packing information and statistics that had been inaugurated in an earlier period of the publication. Finding this to be congenial work, and susceptible of expansion, my labors were so directed as to greatly widen the lines of inquiry and presentation of information on the subjects men- tioned. To this course was added crop information, to which par- ticular attention was given, under special methods of investigation and presentation. And so the paper became a high authority in these matters, recognized not only throughout this country, but also in leading markets in other countries. While local in name, the publi- cation was general in its scope of such service, and in fact national and international in character and influence. The official work performed was in the position of Executive Sec- retary of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, one of the oldest and most prominent of such influential organizations in this country. I was invited and appointed to this service without seeking it, and continued in it for a period a little short of twenty years. My ac- complishments in commercial journalism led to this call for official work. The experience I had acquired in statistical work and in compilations representing comparative exhibits enabled me to bring into improved form and manner of presentation such record and reference information of local and general interest. I retired from 12 this service at the end of May, 1911. During this period of official labors I maintained my editorial work in issuance of the Cincinnati Price Current. After the close of 1912, and separation from activities, my time for some months was occupied with attentions to unfinished affairs to a considerable extent. A break in health conditions overtook me, and in July, 1913, I was obliged to resort to treatment for ailments which brought bed confinement to me for a period of several months, incident to which vitality receded to a low and doubtful point. In time a turn in tendency in the case was reached, and early in Decem- ber the services of the professional nurse were dispensed with. Something of restored strength was gradually secured. For nearly seventeen years our home was an attractive one, in a position of retirement, rural in characteristics, on Mount Auburn, recognized as a suburban locality, but in fact centrally situated in the city. Under the reduced numbers of members of the household, by departure of children from time to time, this home in a large house, surrounded by two acres of ground, became burdensome, especially to my wife, and it was parted with, incident to occupancy of suitable quarters a short distance from the old home, to which we had removed from a large downtown house in 1897, which we had possessed for thirteen years, prior to which we had occupied rented properties, in one for seventeen years. As mentioned, early in 1914 came the request for work upon an autobiography. When I entered upon it somewhat later I found that volumes of my publication of earlier dates than in possession at my home were essential in execution of the plan, and not being able at that time to obtain them from their position in storage, I became contented with preparation and issuance of a small Token Book, of 64 pages, which was distributed among kindred and friends in August, this work embracing some cherished tributes applicable to my acomplishments. The commendatory expressions in the many letters of acknowl- edgment from persons who received the little book were highly gratify- ing to myself, and furnished a treasured reward for efforts in prep- aration of the volume. They also served to encourage me in under- taking to carry out the plan of the proposed Historical Sketch, upon which there was a beginning in September. The little Token Book had upon its cover page this wording: "Tributes to Unselfish Industry and Faithful Work." The title page of the book was thus inscribed: "Some of the Work of Charles B. Murray, Editor of the Cincinnati Price Current for Forty-One 13 Years, in Special Commercial and Statistical Journalism; Also as Executive Secretary of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce Nearly Twenty Years; Tributes Incidentally Accorded." Upon the second page of the cover appeared this quotation: "Truth is the greatest power in the world. There is no force in business that can compare with honesty and straightforwardness." On the third page of the cover : "The wealth of the world is not all in wheat and corn ; there is some value also in the lilies of the field, the roses that clutter the roadsides, and the violets which grow as pasture weeds." On a greeting slip between the cover and its contents: "A little memorial token in recognition of helpful and cherished friendships." The book now presented has not been prepared as a work for general consideration, or as a history of local or other events, but as a personal narration, and especially for kindred and friends. There has been no attempt in the use of language other than to represent in a simple way a constructive and assembling performance, in bring- ing into record form a sufificiency of information to represent the accomplishment of the object in view. The work is shaped without reference to chronological order of the material and mentionings, but in a manner deemed consistent with the nature of the contents. . It will be understood that a Sketch of autobiographic nature may be expected to differ from a biography. The self-prepared history may bring into the story various matters appropriate to have recog- nition not likely to come within familiar knowledge or understand- ing of a later writer, acting after the individual represented has passed from accessibility for consultation. In other words, the resources of personal memory have some advantages in such a presentation. "The Poet at the Breakfast Table" (Holmes) said: "I wonder whether it ever occurred to you to reflect upon the horror there must be in leaving a name behind you. Think what a horrid piece of work the biographers make of a man's private history! Just imagine the subject of one of those extraordinary fictions called biographies coming back and reading the life of himself, written very probably by somebody or other who thought he could turn a penny by doing it! . . . The dignity of a silent memory is not to be undervalued. Fame is, after all, a kind of rude handling, and a name that is often on vulgar lips seems to borrow something not to be desired." So far as concerns my early years and doings there was nothing of particular note. And in the later developments, or undertakings in journalism, my beginnings and procedures were without fixed plans, or definite ideals, to govern or to give inspiration to particular 14 endeavors. I never had idleness after reaching about eight years of age — and but little of play spells. And throughout my years I have been a busy person, much given to doing things myself instead of delegating them to others for performance — ^held by some as a faulty characteristic on my part. My experiences in travel have given me much knowledge of this country and of European countries, by personal opportunities, which privileges have always been a joy to me, and have afforded better understandings in reading of transpiring events within the scope of observations thus acquired. In the year of my birth, 1837, our country had a population of only 15,000,000, and now has reached 100,000,000. Marvelous! Who can .comprehend the magnitude and significance of the changes and advances in our country, within this period, in the extent of development and of invention, the growth of productive industry and of international commerce, the enlargement of opportunities for education and culture — and with all these attainments in the progress of civilization and acquirement in power for securing betterment of conditions for mankind, and of inspiration and promulgation of prin- ciples of peace and harmony of relations among the nations of the earth, the forces thus at command of man, under these extensions of resources, instead of securing their proper influence for the good of mankind in this day are having vigorous application to development of means for the most horrible and inexcusable conflicts inflicted by human forces against human beings and their rights, unequaled pre- viously in civilization! My boyhood years, after my parents came from Vermont and New York to Ohio, were in a farm home, which consisted partly of a well-built log house and adjacent log buildings of more than ordinary quality of such construction, situated beside a forest, where my father, in connection with farming operations, renewed issuance of a journal devoted to reformatory questions, published by him previously in New York City, after discontinuance of his Vermont publication. The farm location was remote from villages, and neighbors were not near the home position. Thus the opportunity with playmates was restricted. At ten years of age I had acquired considerable proficiency in printing office work. At twelve years I could "make up" the forms for the sixteen-page paper, and serve as "roller boy" behind a Wash- ington hand-press in inking the forms. At this period I became in- terested in phonetics, and procured from Isaac Pitman, Bath, Eng- land, inventor of phonography, books of instruction and practice 15 in shorthand writing. At fifteen I had a winter term in an academy, two miles distant; half a winter term the next winter, near BuflEalo; and another term in the succeeding winter near home. Later on in this Sketch there will be introduced something in the way of partic- ularizing in these features. I have never had fellowship in the usual associations of persons, such as are allied to educational insti- tutions, churches, clubs, benevolent and other societies, and kindred opportunities for affiliation with others, and for securing such bene- fits as are to be found in these familiar and helpful relations among individuals. In the attempt to prepare something autobiographical, as re- quested, I have necessarily had to proceed in an irregular way, doing a little at a time, as circumstances have permitted. Its personal na- ture and purpose have not required close adherence to prescribed lines of story-telling. A portion of material appearing in the small Token Book is reproduced in this, as belonging to the fuller work, with more or less of changing, and some matter that was intended for this volume has been omitted, in the final revision of the copy, because of the prepared contents overrunning the space contemplated. At no time in my life have I been in possession of strong physical powers, but there has been a goodly share of resources of will and endurance and of reserve force, so to speak. Early in 1901 a case of blood poisoning, and the attending fevers, brought me to the low- est limits of life conditions. In 1910 physical disorders of several months duration reduced vitality to a doubtful point, but there fol- lowed restoration of strength sufficiently to admit of return in time to the activities in which I had long maintained identity. In 1913 another break in physical resources developed, under which I was again reduced to low conditions of vitality, from which there was a rally to such extent as to admit of limited privileges of movement and of endeavor. But a precarious situation has continued to con- front me, giving little or no promise of betterment. Since progress- ing well along in assembling the material for this Sketch a sudden prostration overtook me, of painful and seriously threatening nature, such as my doctor said usually allowed not more than one in ten instances to escape being rushed to a hospital for surgery, and only a portion of such subjects recovering. Of my rallying experiences from doubtful situations my doctor has repeatedly said to me, "You are a wonder!" And I have felt that he was an influential factor in important degree in enabling me to thus surprise him and others. Offering this volume as a record for possession of my children and other kindred, and personal and other interested friends, I feel i6 that it carries with it evidence that my endeavors to be useful and helpful to others in desirable ways have not been in vain, and that in these my waning days in life I may regard with a good degree of complacency the retrospective view permitted to me at this time, previous to reaching the hour of dropping into the final and eternal sleep, the rest and peace which comes as the natural and inevitable ending for living creatures. No one knows so well as I do the mo- tives which have attended me in life, and the satisfaction experienced in the feeling represented by acts governed by honesty of purpose and of performance in all the steps taken throughout a long career. Having reached the point of separation from activities among fellowmen, under the natural order of influences and conditions shaping and governing the situation of human beings, bringing such an ending, the picture of the past rises into vision. Its contempla- tion fails to bring to view evidence of failure to meet the obligations due to others, from the life it represents, in business exactions and otherwise; or dereliction in performance of duty attending domestic features of life; or lack of fullness of effort for and contributions to the welfare of those who have come into the world incident to this individual presence. And there appears testimony abundantly that the powers at command by this individual life have been rea- sonably well and effectively applied for the good of others, un- clouded by selfish impulses or unrighteous plans or procedure. So this picture, as it now stands before me, and as I shall leave it, reflects the benediction upon my life at its closing. There has been reward in recognition received; in the friendships formed and pos- sessed; in honors conferred upon me, untarnished by self-seeking; in the confidences and respect accorded to me. So there is content- ment concerning the past, and in the prospect of the impending fu- ture of rest. C. B. M. From Corinne Murray Weddell, in a letter to her father: "The other day I came across a quotation from Browning that made me think of you. It was this : 'The thing I pity most is, action prompted by surprise of anger.' I almost fancied I could hear you say it. I do not remember ever seeing you, or mother, do anything under pressure of anger, and I think that is something worth re- membering." 17 PERSONAL HISTORY AND ANCESTRY. In the charming New England village of Brandon, Rutland County, Vermont, I was born on June 10, 1837. At that time my parents were temporarily sojourners in the Baptist parsonage, soon thereafter occupying a permanent home in connection with possession of a tract of land, adjacent to the seminary, for pasture and culture purposes, through which passed the stream bearing the Indian name Neshobe, and beside which was the comfortable home. Elsewhere in this narration considerable reference to Brandon and the State of Vermont will be introduced. My father was Orson S. Murray, born in Orwell, central-western Vermont, September 23, 1806. He died at his home in Warren County, Ohio, in June, 1885. His father, Jonathan Murray, came to Vermont from Guilford, Connecticut, with two uncles, who settled in Orwell. He was born in 1781, and died in 1846, in his 66th year. The records of our ancestry show that in 1680 Jonathan Murray and his wife (Anna Bradley) came from Scotland, and settled in New England. I am of the seventh generation of this line of ances- try. I once asked Rev. W. H. H. Murray, of Guilford, of "Adiron- dack" fame, for such history as he could give me of the Murray ancestry, receiving in reply simply the statement that it was traceable back to the Campbells of Scotland. My father's mother was Roselinda Bascom, born in Newport, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, in 1784. During her childhood her parents, together with her grandparents and one great grand- parent, removed to Orwell, Vermont, on the shore of Lake Cham- plain, a little southward of a point opposite to Fort Ticonderoga, on the New York side of the lake. She was a woman of high order of intelligence, and possessed unusual powers of memory ; was strong in influence relating to the welfare of others ; was devout in her religious instincts. She died in 1868, at the home of a son-in-law, in the village of Havana, now bearing the name Montour Falls, Schuyler County, New York, near the head of Seneca Lake. The Bascom ancestry covered a long period of New England history, from Welch and English progenitors. My mother was Catherine Maria Higgins, born in Orwell, Ver- mont, June 3, 1805, and died in Ohio in May, 1860. Her father was i8 Ichabod Higgins, born in Orwell, January 21, 1771, died in January, 1844. His wife was Catherine Noble, born May 14, 1769, died in August, 1835. The ancestry of Ichabod Higgins, my grandfather, goes back to Richard Higgins, my earliest maternal progenitor in America, who was born in England, and was among the earliest of emigrants thence to our country, seeking a home in New England. It is recorded that his name appears in the list of "freemen" at Plymouth, in 1633, and also that in 1655 Richard Higgins was one of the thirty householders in Plymouth. Ichabod Higgins was a son of Samuel, of Killingsworth, Con- necticut, whose father was Cornelius Higgins. Catherine Noble, who married Ichabod Higgins, and was my grandmother, was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1769; she was a daughter of James Noble, a Captain in the Revolutionary Army, born at Hebron, Con- necticut, 1736; he was a son of David Noble, born at Westfield, Massachusetts, 1761; son of James Noble, 1677; son of Thomas Noble, 1632 — probably born in England. These records make it appear that my ancestry, on both paternal and maternal sides, has a record from the early history of New England, representing the Scotch and English whose faces were turned toward the New World in the hope of securing conditions having promise of broader privileges and opportunities in life. It is evident that none but the brave and strong in spirit could venture upon such an undertaking in those days. And this is the stock which was the foundation of our America and its people of today. My father was one of the earliest of the New England agitators for abolition of slavery in this country, and when he acquired pos- session of a weekly paper in 1835, used its columns largely and zealously in this cause. Much also was done by him, prior to this period and later, as a lecturer on behalf of the anti-slavery move- ment. Among those with whom he affiliated in this work was Charles C. Burleigh, a New England Quaker, for whom my father entertained sentiments of admiration for his earnestness, gentleness of manner, and effectiveness of intelligent endeavors in humanitarian work. In the custom of giving children names of other persons the preference on the part of my father for the name of Charles Burleigh, for his distinguished position and power in work for the moral advancement of mankind, led him to bestow this name upon myself. 19 MY EARLY YEARS. I was six and a half years of age when my parents removed from Brandon, Vermont, to New York City, in December, 1843. With their six children the departure from Brandon was in sleighs, for Albany, going thence to destination by a Hudson River steamer. Temporary quarters in the house of a friend were occupied until a home was found in Brooklyn. There were no paved streets in Brooklyn at that time. Our street, crossing from Fulton to Atlantic streets, was in the eastern outskirts. There was an apple orchard nearby, and across Atlantic street southward was a ropewalk, of interest to youngsters, and ponds with plentifulness of cattails in the vicinity. That locality, then at the outer edge of Brooklyn, now represents approximately the beginning of populous features of the great city. One day, when I was about or near seven years of age, my mother allowed me to set out from the Brooklyn home with my two little sisters, one five years of age and one three and a half, on a trip over to New York, unaccompanied. We went down Atlantic street to the South Ferry, and up Broadway. Not far up the street was a small inclosure in which were some deer and other creatures which deeply attracted attention from us. I think that old iron fence where we loitered is still there — it was, not many years ago, when I passed the spot. We continued up Broadway, reaching my father's printing office, on Ann street, from which we returned unaccom- panied by way of the Fulton Ferry, and up Fulton street in Brook- lyn to what was then Powers street. After something over half a year in New York City my father decided to remove to Ohio. His family went forward in advance, while he remained for a time incident to adjustment of business affairs. From Albany to Buffalo the trip of my mother and children was over the Erie Canal — when packets on that waterway were the best that could be secured in rapid transportation. There was a good share of gaiety in the travel upon the. canal. From Buffalo we proceeded by steamer to Sandusky, thence by railroad a short dis- tance to Tiffin. Destined thence to West Liberty, in Logan County, the movement was by wagons, without springs, over roads of a degree of roughness not readily in evidence anywhere in our country at this time, in settled regions. 20 In October, 1844, my father began his journey to join his family in Ohio. On the passage on Lake Erie from Buffalo a violent storm overtook the ship a few hours after leaving that port, resulting in loss of thirteen lives, the disabled craft ultimately being cast ashore in the condition of wreck in which it had resisted complete destruc- tion for many hours. My father then made his way to the Allegheny River, in Penn- sylvania, thence by rowboat to Pittsburgh, continuing the journey from that city by steamer to Cincinnati, joining his family in War- ren County, Ohio, temporarily situated at that time about fifty miles from Cincinnati, northward. Soon afterward he located on a farm twenty-six miles from Cincinnati, bordering on the Little Miami River, and here he renewed the issuance of his reformatory journal, where it was continued for eleven years, the work in the printing office being mainly performed within the family of children. I was in my eighth year when my father located on his farm, and the beginning of my printing office experiences occurred shortly there- after. At that time there was but 36 miles of railroad track on the Little Miami Railroad, which passed through my father's farm, and which was then the extent of railroad construction in Ohio, except- ing the line from Sandusky to Tiffin, 34 miles. When I was in my nineteenth year my father, on removing to another farm, discontinued his publication, early in 1856. When I was about twelve years of age I procured a set of books of instruction in phonography, as already mentioned, from Isaac Pit- man, Bath, England, who originated and introduced this system of shorthand. Within a year or so I acquired considerable proficiency in shorthand writing. In these early days of phonography there were correspondence circles formed to promote advancement in mas- tery of such writing, through the practice thus induced and the op- portunities for inspection of the writing by others. Under this plan one after another of those constituting a correspondence circle, on receiving the collection of contributions on a circuit, would with- draw a former contribution and add another, preparatory to starting the collection again on the round. There was entertainment as well as instruction in these methods of correspondence in shorthand. Persons could be members of an unlimited number of such circles. I received regularly the phonographic publications of Benn Pit- man and E. Webster, and some others. Also the phonotypic journal of Andrews & Boyle, New York, and the issues by Longley Brothers, Cincinnati. Benn Pitman, brother of Isaac Pitman, who was an assistant in the work of introducing phonography in England 21 during a period of ten years, by lectures and teaching, came to the United States in 1853, and founded the Phonographic Institute in Cincinnati, in which his interest continued to the end of his long and influential life. In my later years the nature of my business affairs was such as to discourage maintenance of interest in shorthand writ- ing — which practice I afterward regretted had not been kept up. In May, 1848, a font of phonetic type was procured for intro- duction of this orthographical reform in The Regenerator. It was one of the first, probably the first, after the L,ongleys, to offer such samples of the phonetic system by any western publication. I had a hand in the typesetting in this work soon after completing my eleventh year. The phonetic alphabet made little progress in accept- ance, and soon passed from current notice, but phonography had a future which was not then anticipated in its development and adop- tion in business affairs in a manner by which it became indispensa- ble in such interests, additionally to serving the purposes of recording spoken words, in addresses and proceedings of practically every form of such features in current activities, in a manner not earlier ap- proached. When I was about fifteen years of age our city was visited by O. S. Fowler, of New York, distinguished as a phrenologist, and member of the publishing firm of Fowler & Wells. Fowler made phrenological examinations, for a fee, and was liberally patronized. Being in need of an amanuensis he applied to Longley Brothers, publishers of phonetic works, for aid in securing such an assistant. I received a letter from Elias Longley, advising of having recom- mended me for the position. I declined it, however, as it would take me away from the home of my parents. Speaking of the Longleys, I will here give the names of the five brothers : Elias, Servetus, Septimius, Cyrenius, Alcander. That is a rather rare combination. In my early boyhood the district schoolhouse was more than two miles away from our farm home, and reached only by forest path- ways nearly all the distance. Under these conditions I received no schoolroom advantages, until attendance one winter, when fifteen years old, at the Maineville Academy, two miles away, with forests and farms to pass through to get there. The next winter, having gained possession of a few dollars from several weeks of typesetting in the office of the Cincinnati Daily Commercial, under urgent solicitation, when a strike occurred there, I went to Springville, New York, thirty miles south of Buffalo, where I had relatives, and entered the Academy there at midwinter. The strike at Cincinnati 22 was against employment of women typesetters, and M. D. Potter, the publisher, joined in the needful work in the emergency. He had my assistance in laying new letter in type cases — and repeatedly had my company on his starting homeward late at night, under fear of violence from some of the strikers. At that time Murat Halstead was a young reporter for the paper, of which in later years he was editor, and became famous as a journalist. An incident of my trip to Buffalo, en route to Springville, was an experience known in the early years of railroading. Between Buffalo and Cleveland there were different track gauges, rendering changes necessary in movement of passengers and freight at Erie. The rail- road interests undertook to overcome this drawback by a change to a uniform gauge throughout, to obviate the transfers and delays at Erie. This was opposed by the gangs who had been bene- ficiaries of such labor requirements, and the lunch sellers, and for a distance of eight miles the track had been torn up. It was at this time that my trip occurred. On reaching Erie in bitterly cold weather, in the night, the passengers were obliged to enter vehicles and sleighs for conveyance to cars eight miles away, which, when reached, were without warmth. In the following winter I again renewed attendance at the Maine- ville Academy, and my schoolroom experience ended with this — ex- cepting a course in Bartlett's Commercial College, at Cincinnati, when I was in my twentieth year. The harshness of parents too frequently seen, in their treatment of children, has always been disturbing to me — notwithstanding such knowledge as I have had of the power of youngsters to do provok- ing things. I was never the subject of much severity of parental treatment. My dear mother had little or no chastising element in her disposition, and if there was anything of a scolding nature, if ever displayed by her, I do not remember it. I was twenty-three years of age when her physical disorders suddenly put a close to her life, while seemingly destined to survive a full share of years, and I have believed would have been assured under intelligent treatment of her case. Her death was my first real grief. And as persons outside of the family and kindred, and those of known regard for her, came to the funeral, manifestly from curiosity, I could but feel that they should not be privileged to look upon that face so sacred and dear to me and to others, as it rested in the sleep of death. My father had more of the element of discipline of his children than my mother — but rarely with harshness of treatment. In my 23 experience I was twice the subject of chastisement by him, incident to false statements to him by persons I had disputes with, my father accepting what was told to him as my offenses, without making in- quiry of me, and I was too proud or stubborn in nature to offer protest, or to make accusation. But my feelings were hurt, and it was hard for a time to forgive my father for thus acting in haste. He was a man of firmness, but not of unkindness, and was gov- erned by a sincere desire to be just and considerate toward others under all circumstances, while insisting upon proper actions from others. Before my parents removed from Vermont my mother found occasion to observe that my two older brothers, the younger of the two being thirteen or fourteen years of age, the other a year and a half older, were being allured by card playing nearby, in evenings, at the home of an uncle, the aunt having no children, and liking these lads had introduced the card playing to entertain them. In- stead of taking harsh steps for accomplishing a breaking up of these absences from home, on learning the nature of the attraction, my mother asked the boys if they would like to play cards at home with her, which they assented to with glee. They were soon drawn into other home entertainments and weaned from the allurements at the aunt's. And in this way she mastered problems of discipline and of correction in actions of her children, through the home influence, such as a considerate mother can in most cases accomplish. In speaking of the treatment of children, an instance of many years ago arises in memory which I will allude to. Near our home, living on the same square, was a boy of overgrown size who was disposed to be domineering among his boy associates, and one day 1 saw him pounding a boy he had down on the sidewalk across the street, under which scene I was impelled to move quickly, and to somewhat unceremoniously yank the big boy from his belligerent position, and to follow this by telling him in strong terms that he ought to be ashamed of himself for such treatment of the smaller boy. When it was over I felt a sense of regret for the severity of my action and words — but our meetings afterward were as if there had been no disturbance of our friendly relations. This boy as a man became a practicing physician, with whom my acquaint- ance continued agreeably. On the old farm, which bore the name of Kruit Hills, our nearest neighbors on the same side of the Little Miami River were the family of Thomas and Nancy Butterworth, whose home ad- joined our farm. There was but one son in the family, some 24 months older than myself. Of the daughters two were older and others younger. The children of the Butterworth family and of ours were intimate in their associations then and in the afteryears. The parents of Thomas Butterworth came from Virginia, near Lynchburg. They were Quakers. They secured a large tract of land, eastward from the Little Miami River. Our farm home was purchased from William Butterworth, brother of Thomas. The parents of these brothers were remarkable for their size — the father fully six feet and six inches in height, weighing over 300 pounds; the mother, of large frame and tall, weighing over 400 pounds; a daughter also weighing over 400 pounds; so that the combined weight of the three exceeded 1,100 pounds. One of the chairs used by Grandmother Butterworth, which was retained in the family in all the years after her death, was broad enough to admit of occu- pancy by myself and wife at each other's side. In my boyhood days the mother of Thomas Butterworth occu- pied a room in the second story of the stone mansion, and when she wanted attention, or to give instructions, her heavy cane pounded the floor and served to make it known. I remember being in her presence one day when she heard one of her grandchildren humming some simple tune, and her cane went down hard, with an ejacula- tion to "stop that singing — niggers and poor white trash sing!" That was the strict Quaker view of musical sounds at that time. But the world has moved considerably since those days, and Quakers of this age have passed up to a higher plane in such particular, but are not yet clear of the antipathies between the two branches of this religious sect. In those days the fuel for locomotives was wood, which was delivered at convenient places along the track-side, cut and piled to regulation size. The railroad company had wood measurers for inspection, marking, and recording such lots of delivered wood, some of these men whom I remember becoming conspicuously iden- tified later with affairs in our city. In the early days of the Little Miami Railroad (the Cincinnati approach now of the Pennsylvania system), the cars ran upon strap rails, which some years later were displaced by the tee rails. I remember early trips to Cincinnati when the locomotives were detached at Pendleton, three miks from the terminal station, and the cars hauled thence by mules — a con- dition imposed by objections to passage of the locomotives in street districts at that time. 25 HOME CONDITIONS AND INFLUENCES. In May, 1860, there came to our house on the farm one day on an errand an elderly man, who resided something over a mile away, on the turnpike. With him was a young woman, a step-granddaugh- ter of his, temporarily visiting at his home. There was a sweetness of manner and brightness of character in the modest girl of nine- teen that won my admiration at once. I found occasion for extend- ing the acquaintance thus begun, which soon became intimate. The big house of the old man was visited at the same time by some other young women, relatives of his, and friends of mine — and my presence there was a matter of hearty welcome and frequency, until the old man interfered, by ordering that I should not be allowed to come there any more. He had observed the growing intimacy, and the cordiality of welcome to me, and so far as I could ever under- stand his action it was prompted by the prejudices of religious bigotry against a son of a known freethinker and unbeliever, al- though there were friendly personal relations existing between the man of bigotry and the man of freethought. This interference failed to prevent frequency of social privileges between myself and these others. I was possessed of horses and saddles, as well as convenient vehicles, and although as a matter of expediency in the interest of the young women there was occasion for planning as to meetings and rides, these opportunities were con- tinued. The young woman between whom and myself affection developed was a daughter of a Swedenborgian minister, whose death had oc- curred previous to this attachment. The girl made her home mostly with relatives, and in the families of Thomas and Dr. Joseph How- ells, brothers of William Dean Howells. To what extent of expression there may be justification for me to go, in this narration in such matters, is problematical. But the incident of this acquaintance with its bearings upon my future life was the feature of significance above others, in its influence upon me, in my afterlife, and I can hardly refrain from introducing some allusions to its development and results. Between myself and the person who had been reared under strongly religious influences the affection for each other was deep. 26 and naturally led to the question of union in life companionship. Here arose a painful situation. On the one side there was the all- pervading sentiment of devoted belief in a Heavenly Father, and that a true union of lives could not be reached virithout fullness of recognition on both sides of the existence and influence of the Heavenly Spirit. On the other side was the person whose joy of life and of hope was connected with the companionship of this other one, present and prospectively, but was unable to set aside convictions which to him were inseparable from reason. He was appealed to and implored to accept the divine light, as it was held to be and urged upon him, not only that our relation to each other might allow of becoming closer and sanctified, but that it was essen- tial to my own true interest and welfare in Hfe. These appeals and prayers could not remove the separating line between us in these particulars. Nor could the existence of this separating line and hopelessness of its removal interfere with the companionship and profound affection and bonds of attachment which attended us. In November, 1863, while she was with a sister in Northern Ohio, a letter from her indicated that she had reached a decision by which she would become my wife. She wrote, among other expressions, these words : "I feel that you are very near to me tonight. You are near in spirit, and we will in spirit bow before our Father and ask His blessing on our union." But a week later came a letter of sorrowful nature. The conflict between a decision prompted by irresistible natural laws and reflections upon what was felt to be a duty to her Master had brought a state of misery to her. She said: "Last night was the saddest one I ever passed without one exception — not even when my darling sister passed to her Heavenly Home was I so utterly miserable. I thought I brought myself to believe that I could win you to my faith — but can I do it better as a wife than as a maiden? Oh, tell me, tell me!" The seriousness of doubt experienced by this one as to the pro- priety of the decision which had been reached, and its meaning in its relation to what she fully regarded as the Heavenly Father and Master, brought hesitation in actions toward consummation of our union. Upon her return to Cincinnati and the home of an uncle our privilege of companionship was restored to us — consideration of the question of marriage having been suspended. Without reciting fea- tures of subsequent events in the history of this peculiarly trying experience, covering several years, between persons fitted for union in the most sacred relations of life, confronted only by diflferences in the feature of religious beliefs, the period until January, 1865, 27 will be passed over, at which time, on our parting one evening, these words were uttered to me: "Tell me, is it still your wish that I should become your wife?" The reply was: "My dear girl, why do you ask me this?" "Because if it is, I will." And ten days later, in the Swedenborgian Church, in the presence of many friends, consistent ceremonies were had for consummation of the long pend- ing event which an unalterable attachment had 'finally led to. This was the beginning of the united lives of Charles B. and Sallie Powell Murray. There was never a question or an expression as to the process of thought on the part of this scrupulous one as to how the decision was reached by which our union became possible. There was no need for explanation. The physical powers and resources of life of the cherished wife reached an ending after thirteen years and seven months of our united companionship. This event was anticipated and foreseen for a considerable time, but brought no apparent depression upon the brave woman, solicitous as she was concerning those dear to her and from whom there was to be an inevitable parting. She was the last living member of her family, the parents and four sisters having passed to their final rest years previously. Throughout the period of manifest decline in strength she displayed determination to live to the last hour possible. At no time during our married companionship had there been controversy over differences in our beliefs. There had been a life of joyous relationship and of fitness for such relations. It was as near ideal as anything I can conceive of. It was truly ideal. And with the near approach of the inevitable separation, among the last of words spoken by the departing one were these: "I thank my Heavenly Father for having had you as my husband." When I urgently asked if there was anything that had not been done that could be done for this loving and loved one she said: "It is my wish to have communion services before I pass away." I assured her that this would be arranged for; and further asked if there was any other desire on her part that had not been realized or provided for. "My dear husband, there is only one other thing I have wished for, but that I cannot ask for — I cannot ask for." When I insisted that she should tell me this, she said: "I have hoped that I might see my children baptized before my parting from them, but, my dear husband, I cannot ask for this." "But these children are your children, and if it be the wish of their mother that they should be baptized in her presence, before her passing from them, surely it is my wish." The memory of the peaceful 28 and joyful expression reflected upon the face of that mother incident to this ceremony is one of the most cherished memories of my life. The rare degree of congeniality and harmony of thought which was constant in this union in the relations of marriage may be ac- cepted as a refutation of assumption that the element of agreement in religious sentiments is essential, if there be compatibility in the lives and characteristics of persons thus brought together. If there is lack of compatibility no element of religious nature or agreement can bring righteousness in such unions, or true harmony in life. The question is one of character, regardless of religious beliefs or convictions, of the individuals. I now come to another chapter in the story of my home life and home influences. After something more than half a dozen years of difficult and trying endeavors and experiences in the interest of my six motherless children, I came into knowledge of and acquaintance with another person, in possession of the high estimation of the obli- gations of members of the human family. This was Cora Thomas, of Quaker parentage. Intimate association during several years led to our joining in the sacred affairs of life. Thirty years have passed since the beginning of our united companionship. And the wisdom of this procedure on our part has been without an element of question. From this union two children were added to the re- sponsibilities of our lives and their influences — the younger one of the two, for herself and the other children, having prompted the effort for a record of actions within my career, for its interest not only to themselves, but to the others who hold me in esteem and affection. The companionships herein spoken of have represented conditions of happiness and of helpfulness in high degree, such as should at- tend persons in similar united relations. And it is my privilege to say that in the nearly forty-four years of the close relations of husband and wife in which I have been concerned there has been no instance of a cross word, or of fault-finding, or of any expres- sion on either side inconsistent with propriety of thought or of action, or fullness of mutual respect and affection. Thus have I found elements of courage, of inspiration, and of joy, under the in- fluence of true womanhood. 29 CONCERNING MY FATHER— ORSON S. MURRAY. My father, Orson S. Murray, was a man of note and of much influence on moral and humanitarian lines, incident to intellectual power and activity. His parents were devout in their New England religious orthodoxy, which was instilled into their children. With the advance of years beyond the primary period of school education, my father had a craving for what was attainable as a student, and secured a classical course, giving attention to the study of theology, in anticipation of rendering service as a pulpit preacher. When twenty-four years of age he received a preacher's license, and occa- sionally but never regularly occupied the pulpit, nor received pay for preaching. When twenty-nine years of age, in 1835, my father bought the Vermont Telegraph, a weekly paper which had for seven years been published in the interest of the religious denomination of Baptists in Vermont. He was an earnest and ardent person in his under- takings, independent in attitude upon questions of public concern, and an analytical thinker. He was deeply devoted to work in the cause of truth and morality. Prior to his taking up editorial work he had been a zealous advo- cate of the anti-slavery cause, in the early period of such agitation in this country. As a lecturer upon this question, widely unpopular in the North at that time, he was on many occasions the subject of mob violence. He was of fearless nature, and at the same time non- combatant, wielding language in strong terms, as a rebuke for ignor- ant and cowardly assaults, and against evil doings and responsi- bilities. In a published account of him it is mentioned that he was edu- cated in the Congregationalist and Roger Williams Baptist religions; was baptized into the church of the latter at the age of fifteen. He inherited an organization, and was nursed and fostered into a thirst, for knowledge. His parents were unable to afford him more than common school and limited academic opportunities for learning. His aspirations were stimulated, strengthened and enlarged when he was seven years old, by his then school teacher. During his minority he was occupied in school learning, school teaching and farming work. After he had a wife and two children he secured, by his own ener- gies, a course of studies in Castleton and Shoreham academies. 30 As editor of the Vermont Telegraph, issued by him from and after October 1, 1835, as an organ of the denomination of Baptists, leading objects undertaken were the moralizing and humanizing of the Christian Church and world, as in relation to slavery, human slaughter, rum, tobacco, and licentiousness. He had been among the first, or was the first, to publicly advocate total abstinence from all alcoholic beverages for people in health. He also taught that bad eating was likewise a great evil. He framed for passage by the Vermont Legislature the first res- olution, by a State Legislature, instructing Senators and requesting Representatives in Congress to use their endeavors for the abolition of slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and the suppression of the interstate traffic in slaves. He assisted, as the only delegate from Vermont, in the formation of the American Anti-Slavery Society, in Philadelphia, December, 1833, and in the following spring he organized, in Vermont, the first State Society auxiliary thereto. When he began publishing the Vermont Telegraph he offered a declaration of purposes in view with considerable elaboration, re- flecting the earnestness and zeal which governed him then and throughout his long career. A few extracts will serve as illustration : "At no time, and nowhere else, has a public journal been so important a trust as in New England, in the thirty-fifth year of the nineteenth century. In New England, because here greater free- dom of the press is enjoyed than elsewhere in the world, and of course here there is the greatest opportunity for doing the greatest good, or the greatest injury, there is ability to do ; and because New England is looked up to from all Christendom, as an example of moral and religious character — moral and religious enterprise. To form a component part, however small, of that character, is to occupy no indifferent station. At this time, because never before was Christendom so divided; never before was infidelity more in- veterate ; never before was moral and religious controversy so ex- tensive, or was so much depending on the issue, to the church and to all human interests. . . A large proportion of the religious journals of this age, instead of leading public opinion, wait to be led or driven by public opinion. The questions they seem to settle are not, what is truth? what is duty? what are the commands of God? what will save perishing men? but what will secure me the largest subscription list? what will be popular? what will gain me worldly honor? what will gratify the present feelings of my read- ers?" Etc. 31 And further: "In nothing should we have zeal that is not ac- cording to knowledge. As controversy should never be started or pursued for the sake of controversy; and as the mere novelty of new things should never be allowed to carry us away, so all excite- ments should be avoided, condemned and repudiated, save those which are the legitimate results of truth and duty. But vital truths, involving the interests of all human institutions, and the everlasting well-being of men, must not be withheld for fear of excitement." Etc. With his progress in editorial work and in the operations of his analytical brain there was a change in his religious understandings and convictions, under which he became entirely separated from the church. He was led to believe that the elevation from ignorance among fellowmen could be better promoted by other than religious and church teachings. At the close of his eight years as editor and owner of the Ver- mont Telegraph, in the last issue of that paper he presented a pros- pectus of the journal he proposed to inaugurate at New York, which was announced as to be "devoted to universal inquiry, general re- form, and perpetual progress," my father saying: "It will be a me- dium of communication for mind at large. A place where those who dare to think, and to make known their thoughts, may express them on their own responsibility. It is believed that the time has fully come for the world to have a free paper in it. Such a paper has never yet existed, and does not now exist." Etc. My father was distinctly radical in his views, and in his expres- sions concerning them, and used strong language in arraignment of the actions and attitude of persons deemed to have responsibility for evil characteristics, insincerity, or unfaithfulness in adherence to moral and humane teaching and example. I felt at times that if in manner he could have been somewhat less emphatic, or in some degree more moderate, in his treatment of such matters, his efforts might have been more effective for good. And in his occasional oiiferings of contributions to publications after discontinuance of his own medium, he was liable to have them rejected, due at least partly, if not mainly, to their lengthiness. At different times I in- timated to him that in my judgment briefer declarations would be better. The reply was to the effect that propositions which called for criticism, or comment, or question, or dispute, should be re- garded as calling for all that could be introduced in support of the position taken concerning them. Reared and trained in religious orthodoxy, mastering a course in theological education, editing and publishing a journal as the organ 32 of the denomination of Baptists, in the course of which endeavors he ardently devoted efforts in service consistent with such teachings, beUefs, and influences, he ultimately through his powers of mental analysis and of reasoning drifted into absolute Atheism — an "unbe- liever" upon matters of religious nature which had earlier received so much of his attention and adhering efforts. In alluding to the appearance of the first issue of his reforma- tory journal, The Regenerator, January 1, 1844, at New York, Horace Greeley in the Tribune made some comments, from which these observations are copied: "Mr. Murray is an oddity in our city, and his long beard attracts more attention, we apprehend, than his ultra-radical doctrines will subscribers. However, if he would walk out into the thoroughfares and sell his paper, preaching by the way, we should have hope of him. With all his errors and ex- travagancies, he is a sincere, earnest, warm-hearted man, deeply in- tent on the extirpation of ignorance and the diminution of human misery, and we fear no lasting evil from the efforts of such, how- ever ill directed." My father early conceived the idea that the shaving of the face and close cutting of the hair was unfavorable to health and incon- sistent with natural conditions. His adoption of the unusual prac- tice in those days in these particulars made him an object of special observation, in his movements, wherever he appeared. There was no element of aiifectation in whatever action he took, differing from customs or otherwise. He was in all such matters governed by what he deemed to be proper to do. There was nothing but sim- plicity and earnestness of manner in his personal characteristics. There was an absence of frivolity in his manifestations, and life was a matter of earnestness, calling for the best that could be found in human nature, and recognition of truth under all conditions and circumstances. "Ignorance the Evil, Knowledge the Remedy." This was his motto, on becoming a religious reformer. While relentless in a way in considering insincerity on the part of others, and un- faithfulness to moral obligations, he was always charitable to those in disagreement with him in convictions and opinions when there was honesty and sincerity. The nonreligious developments of my father, and his complete lack of disposition to seek popular favor and distinction, served as a barrier to some extent to his reception into affiliation unreservedly by coworkers in reforms other than of religion — notably in the anti- slavery cause. But those who knew him best, and who were the most free from bigotry, held him in high respect and fellowship. 33 In Russell's sketch of Tom Corwin he mentioned a criminal case, originating at Cincinnati, and in court action carried to Leb- anon, Warren County, Ohio, in which my father was the only person who could give specific testimony. He was called upon to make oath, on the Bible, in compliance with provisions of the State Con- stitution. This he could not do, under his nonreligious convictions. The court refused to receive his testimony otherwise. The prosecu- tion had persons present to testify as to my father's standing in the matter of veracity. Among these persons was Jeremiah Morrow, one of the early Governors of the State, and for years a member of Congress, who lived on the west side of the Little Miami River, opposite my father's farm, where he operated flour and lumber mills. He was a rigid Presbyterian. He testified that he knew Mr. Murray well; that he was a near neighbor, and that he would believe him in any statement he would make, whether under oath or not under oath, as fully as any man he knew. And it is reported that on his departing from the courtroom, Corwin said : ' "Go home, old man ; shear and shave, and act the hypocrite, like the rest of us, and come back, and your testimony will be as good as ours!" This incident, and the agitation arising from it, led to a change in the State Constitution at the next convention, in 1851, by which the restriction herein mentioned was eliminated. My father was of tall stature, and dressed plainly. He wore a hat of eight inches size, having difficulty in finding one large enough. Cincinnati had a noted portrait artist, J. O. Eaton, who on see- ing my father, with his striking personality, asked for sittings from him, for an ideal face of a saint — which was an interesting incident, in view of the nonreligious characteristics of the subject. Some years later I secured possession of the canvas, and still have it. My father and Wendell Phillips were close friends. In writing to my father from Billerica, Massachusetts, under date August 15, 1859, which letter I am in possession of, and in which he referred to a contribution (of a liberal amount) previously made to aid in continuance of my father's publication, he said: "Dear Brother: . . . You acted like yourself in that nice sense of right which prompted you to enclose to me the contribution I made to your journal. I should have liked it full as well if you had notified me of your wish to apply it according to your own judg- ment, to some good purpose near yourself. But since you are willing it should go to our noble sister, 'the General,' as old John Brown of Ossawattomie calls her, I will see that she has it, and knows from whose thoughtfulness it comes, for I must consider it your gift. 34 "I have read and reread your articles, specially the closest and most argumentive 'Faith.' Well, we don't agree, friend Murray, but I hold you in sincere regard and esteem, and whether you like it or not, must continue to consider you a much better Christian than nine-tenths of those about me, and far better perhaps than you would be willing to allow yourself to be, or consider it a compliment to be, thought." Etc. When Mr. Phillips, in making an address in the Pike Opera House, on which occasion he stood immovable on the platform while ignorant ruffians in the gallery hurled missiles, including eggs, at him, my father sat in a chair at his side and was struck by one of the eggs. I possess a fine, large photograph of Mr. Phillips, framed, pro- cured incident to his presence in Cincinnati, by my father, and also a small, full length photograph of him taken at the same time. In copying the expressions in this narration from the letter of Wendell Phillips to my father, written in 1859, I was curious to know definitely who was the person mentioned as "our noble sister, the General," etc. I entered upon a line of inquiry, with interesting results. It was Harriet Tubman, a colored woman, born a slave in Maryland, who escaped from slavery, about 1849, under the fear that she and her brothers would be "sold South ;" had returned many times, to aid other fugitives to escape to freedom, including her par- ents, and others of their children, thus helping more than three hun- dred persons to escape from slavery, not one of whom under her care was ever captured. Forty thousand dollars reward was offered for her capture, dead or alive. She accompanied John Brown in the spring of 1859 from Missouri to Canada, or met him there by ap- pointment, and was a helper in his later plans and movements; she was known as "John Brown's lieutenant;" in the Civil War she was employed in the secret service of the Federal army, and also served as a nurse; in the last year of the war she carried papers which admitted her through the lines of the Union army in any part of the country, wherever she cared to go. She founded a Home for aged colored people, at Auburn, New York, where she died March 10, 1913, supposed to have reached about 95 years of age. In a printed account of Harriet Tubman, who was called the "Moses of Her People," it is stated that John Brown relied upon her to work for him among the escaped slaves then living in large numbers in Canada West, as he hoped that later she would be a chief guide to the North of the slaves he wished to free in the neig"hborhood of Harper's Ferry. In referring to a tribute to her by John Brown, 35 the writer of the account said: "Well might she win his admira- tion, for her exploits in leading runaway slaves to freedom, at the risk of her own life, form one of the most moving and thrilling stories of the entire struggle against slavery." The friend who copied this for me added: "At that time they would be careful to not mention her name; and it was like Mr. Phillips to refer to her as 'our noble sister,' and 'the General' seems a natural appellation for John Brown to give her." On June 12, 1914, a bronze memorial tablet in memory of this remarkable woman was unveiled in Auburn, under the auspices of the Auburn Business Men's Association and the Cayuga County Historical Society. I have secured a splendid full-length photograph of Harriet Tubman, when perhaps forty years or more of age. Upon the Harriet Tubman Memorial Tablet with other inscrip- tions are these closing expressions : "She possessed extraordinary foresight and judgment, so that she truthfully said: 'On my under- ground railroad I nebber run my train off de track, and I nebber los' a passenger.' " In expressions attributed to Booker T. Washington in his address on the occasion of the unveiling of the tablet were these, in the printed account: "I have learned that success is not to be measured so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed. How often I have wanted to say to white students that they lift them- selves up in proportion as they help to lift others. I have found that the happiest people are those who do the most for others. No man whose vision is bounded by color can come into contact with what is highest and best in this world." Incident to my inquiry resulting in information relating to Har- riet Tubman I had letters from Mrs. Elizabeth Powell Bond, of Philadelphia ; Henry L. Stearns, Francis J. Garrison, F. B. Sanborn, Mrs. John C. Wyman, B. G. Wilder (forty-two years a professor in Cornell University) — of Massachusetts; Booker T. Washington, Ala- bama; Mrs. F. D. Smith, Matron Tubman Home, Auburn, N. Y. In 1890 there was a movement at Boston to raise a fund for erection of a memorial hall to the memory of Wendell Phillips. The chairman of a meeting held for promoting this object in his remarks concerning emancipation said: "Emancipation was national; but Wendell Phillips, its most eloquent speaker, was also a Boston- ian. No truer Bostonian ever lived. While we recognize the greater services of Lincoln and Garrison, we mean to cherish the name of Wendell Phillips, who, a son of gentle Boston, sacrificed everything 36 to the cause of emancipation — peace and comfort, wealth, social posi- tion and public preferment. He stood for emancipation, with all it implied." In the Price Current I said: "Exception is to be taken to this reference to Lincoln — the words implying that in the great cause of emancipation from the evils of the system of slavery Lincoln stood higher than Phillips, while in fact Lincoln was a mere instrument, whose action was not that of one with heart and life devoted to the cause, but whose service was rather a reluctant one on his part, an enforced one, in obedience to requirements of political exigencies." And true history supports this view. On the occasion of my father's death in June, 1885, at nearly 7^ years of age, it was my province to take the lead in the funeral arrangements — which could not consistently conform to religious cus- toms. In my paper I presented an extended report of the proceed- ings, with references to expressions offered by persons present. Also, to my action in accompanying his remains to Lancaster, Pennsyl- vania, for cremation, for which I had arranged. I received quite a number of letters of tribute to my father's life, from distinguished friends and others, on their learning of his death, among them Parker Pillsbury, John Orvis, John G. Whittier, Cassius M. Clay, and numerdiis other personal friends. Various publications noted the death and funeral occasion. The editor of the Boston Investigator said : "For the last half century or more Mr. Murray was one of the ablest and most inde- pendent and persevering reformers in this country. From 1833 to the hour of his death, or while consciousness remained, he held fast to his liberal and progressive views, and died as he lived — ^the friend of truth, the advocate of the equal rights of men and women, and the firm and unyielding opponent of every species of tyranny over the human mind. We hardly know where to look to find, in the his- tory of any public man for the last fifty years, a greater degree of moral courage in the maintenance of what he believed to be true, right, and just, no matter what the amount of opposition arrayed against him, than was exhibited in the Hfe of Orson S. Murray. He was a remarkable man, as all who knew him will freely admit; and had he lived three hundred years ago, he would have gladly per- ished at the stake with the heroism of a martyr sooner than have renounced a single principle he thought founded on truth, reason, and science. If 'peace has its victories no less renowned than war,' Mr. Murray was a moral hero, of Spartan mould, in the great strug- gle in which he labored so long and well for liberty for all." 37 The mentioning of 1833 in the foregoing quotation had reference to the date of the meeting in Philadelphia in that year for organiza- tion of the American Anti-Slavery Society, to which my father was the only delegate from Vermont. He had for years at that time been active in work for the general welfare. During the period of the perilous efforts of negroes in escaping from slavery conditions and seeking refuge in Canada, my father and mother rendered them aid abundantly at their home in Vermont. In an article contributed by John G. Whittier to the Atlantic Monthly, appearing in February, 1874, relating to the anti-slavery movement and the Convention in 1833 at Philadelphia, when the American Anti-Slavery Society was formed, the writer said: "Ver- mont sent down from her mountains Orson S. Murray, a man terri- bly in earnest, with a zeal that bordered on fanaticism, and who was none the more genial for the mob violence to which he had been subjected." In the references herein to Wendell Phillips, and incidental mat- ters, I am prompted to introduce some further allusions to Phillips. Of him Horace Greeley said : "Possessed of wit, which both Gar- rison and Sumner lacked, he charmed the cultivated and impressed the ignorant. A winsome personal presence, and a serene, undis- turbed manner, added to the attractiveness of his words, and enabled him to speak before great audiences of enemies." Phillips told of the eloquence of Daniel O'Connell, in a manner to reflect his own power in such way — from which I copy these few interesting expressions : "I do not think I exaggerate when I say that never, since God made Demosthenes, has He made a man better fitted for a great work than He did when He made O'Connell. Webster could address a bench of judges; Everett could charm a college; Choate could delude a jury; Clay could magnetize a Senate; and Tom Corwin could hold the mob in his right hand; but no one of these men could do more than this one thing. The wonder about O'Connell was that he could outtalk Corwin, he could charm a college better than Everett, and leave Henry Clay himself far behind in magnetiz- ing a Senate. . . . When I was in Naples I asked Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton: 'Is Daniel O'Connell an honest man?' 'As honest a man as ever breathed,' he said; and then he told me the following story: When, in 1830, O'Connell first entered Parliament, the anti- slavery cause was so weak that it had only Lushington and myself to speak for it; and we agreed that when he spoke I should cheer him up, and when I spoke he should cheer me; and these were the 38 only cheers we ever got. O'Connell came into Parliament with one Irish member to support him. A large party of members went to him, saying: 'O'Connell, at last you are in the House with one helper— if you will never go down to Freemason's Hall with Bux- ton and Brougham, here are twenty-seven votes for you on every Irish question. If you work with those abolitionists, count us always against you.' It was a terrible temptation. How many a so-called statesman would have yielded! O'Connell said: 'Gentlemen, God knows I speak for the saddest people the sun sees; but may my right hand forget its cunning, and my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, if to help Ireland— even Ireland— I forget the negro one single hour.' " LIFE'S SUMMITS. Love, Truth and Justice, this is all that men Can bring with them unto the gates of death To win their claim to peacefulness and rest. There is a life in perfect love and true, Which passeth understanding in its strength, A star eternal in a cloudless sky, The pearl of tender thoughts and daring deeds. The stainless lily of nobility. Truth is a guide whose touch has never failed To lead mankind through labyrinths of years And bring them out of darkness into light. And justice, last and greatest of the forces. That justice which doth hold a kingly crown No higher than a common beggar's cap, That turns the wheels of power and grinds alike For rich and poor, untouched by gold or tears — This is the light that time can never fade, The changeless rock amid a sea of change. — From Verses by Ernest McGaffey. THANKSGIVING. Were there no God, I still would thank the Source, though all unknown. Wherein are born the joys of men, the gifts I call my own. The heart impels the tongue to speak since to my lot belong A woman's love, a sheaf of grain, a lily and a song. — From Verses by Nixon Waterman. 39 THE OLD FARM HOME. I have long wished that I had pictures of our old home, occupied on the farm in Warren County, Ohio, in my childhood days; or that I had the artistic power to produce such pictures from memory. Time long ago obliterated that interesting and unique group of buildings, and grand trees about it, and other notable characteristics of the situation and surroundings. The pictures of those conditions are fixed in my memory, without power to give them tangible form. The dwelling was in part an unusually well built two-story log house, with a great fireplace, into which firewood of large propor- tions could be and was rolled or placed. The frame part, connecting, was of plain construction. A little apart was another two-story log building, also well made, the ground floor of which was occupied as my father's printing office and editorial room, where was the printing press and the imposing stone for making up the forms — typesetting being done in the second story of another log building, several rods away, the upper room of which was reached by outside stairs. The great fireplace and chimney of the dwelling extended out- ward from the side of the building. The fireplace was equipped with appurtenances usual to such places, including andirons, which my father had ordered made of unusual size, especially for that particular fireplace. In the cold months it was the consumer of wood and logs of proportions rarely to be seen conveyed into a dwelling. My father in his young days was a woodchopper, at the home in Vermont in his early years, and in later life found pleasure, relief from mental fatigue, and recreation in swinging his axe — which was always a comparatively light one in size. He was a rare artist in use of the axe. The farm dwelling was situated on the brink of a precipitous slope, reaching down to Wolf Run, where there was a rocky course over which little water passed except at times of flowing water from rains. These sunless slopes and depths were resorts for the wood thrush, and some other of the forest songsters, as well as of the doleful screech owls, in their nightly vigils. The dense growth of trees included great poplars, black walnuts, oaks, hickories, beech, ash, maples, etc., and in the low grounds were pawpaw trees in abundance. In those early days the nearby forests were habited 40 by squirrels in liberal numbers. Swine and cattle roamed at will in unfenced grounds, and the woodlands were comparatively free from the undergrowth that came into existence when these animals were no longer allowed such freedom of highways and open lands. A little way from the group of buildings, through a roadway gate, was a path leading down to a spring, which continues to give forth its never-ceasing supply of earth's elixir of life, of high qual- ity. As a boy I found many hours of enjoyment there, in construct- ing and stocking a fish pond of limited size, with its additional features of small craft and water wheels. Not many years ago my wife and I took a stroll, as in earlier years, down that rocky ravine, still surrounded by dense growths of forest on the steep and deep hillsides, to the culvert below, over which were laid the rail- road tracks, near the river. That jaunt in the solitude of the locality was to us a highly enjoyable opportunity in such an outing privilege. Near these old home buildings herein referred to was a remark- ably tall and erect hickory. And a little to the southward was a great oak, with wide-spreading limbs, under which was a much-used playground, where gathered my sisters, younger than myself, and others, in enjoyments in which I had a share. I was credited with being" partial to participation in such privileges with girl playmates in those early days. Between these great trees and playgrounds and the dwelling was the vegetable garden, at one corner of which I found entertainment as a boy in peanut culture on a small scale, which was a novelty in experience at that time, for the peculiarity of the manner of growth of the peanut plant. Near the house, to the south, was a fine Balm-of-Gilead tree, upon which red birds, cat- birds, and other songsters gave forth their warblings — the robins preferred the ground most of the time. The wren, and thrush, larks, and oriole held forth elsewhere, near. There were a plentiful num- ber of the songless birds, such as bluejays, woodpeckers, flickers, quails, and others. The crows were more distant. That little for- eigner, credited with being an ungracious marauder, the English sparrow, had not then been imported into our country. He came here later by action of one of our citizens of Cincinnati, whose heart warmed with interest in living creatures, and who was the founder by his influence in securing to our city a great and attractive as well as educational zoological garden, in connection with grounds and features promotive of opportunities for entertainment and recreation. This person was Andrew Erkenbrecher. The EngHsh sparrow, as an addition to our feathered tribe, songless and without radiance of 41 plumage, is a cheerful creature, who can plead not guilty to a large part of the charges that have been brought against him. In verses sent to me not long ago by the author, a relative of mine in Ver- mont, is this stanza, among a goodly number of others, which ap- peared in the Price Current, concerning the English sparrow : I love this land, and rear my young With feelings strong and tender; And though my deeds remain unsung, I never will surrender. Our old home would have had more of the cheer of song birds and of others, near the buildings, but for the presence of cats — among them a notably fine tabby, a great pet in the family. With frequency she came into the house in the mornings dragging a rabbit she had caught, and appealing for notice of her for such achieve- ment. The Balm-of-Gilead tree, upon which hung the thermometer, stood in the midst of quite a breadth of flower beds, which had much of my interest and attention in the boyhood days. I wondered at the queer way in which the tiger lily produced its seed, and many other features and freaks of plant life. Southward from the old house and bordering the path leading toward the big barn was a row of locust trees, and beyond a white mulberry tree, which I planted, near the barnyard well, and saw its growth to production of its sweet fruit. Within the grounds, in the midst of the flower beds, was a great barberry bush, and across the roadway were currant and gooseberry bushes, and strawberries, with a bordering of rasp- berries next to the orchard grounds. A little westward from the main buildings, beside the driveway, was the well and wellsweep, the latter standing high because the iron-bound bucket had far down to go in bringing up its satisfying beverage. Near the well was a summer pear tree, an early and abundant bearer. Then came the orchard, the fruit of which included Sum- mer Rose apples. Sweet Bough, Summer Queen, Maiden's Blush, Winesap, Esopus Spitzenberg, Pearmain, Belleflower, White Pippin, Golden Russet, Newtown Pippin, Golden Pippin, Genettan, and of pears the Seckel, Early Butter, Late Butter, and Oakleaf. Upon a sightly point near the western section of the orchard was the house which became the home of my older brother, and occupied by him on acquiring possession of the farm. This house was later destroyed by fire, and was followed by a less pretentious structure. There was another house, upon a prominence a little way westward, erected by my brother, in which my father took up living quarters 42 after departure from the farm to which he removed in 1856, on the west side of the river, and which later came into my possession. In "Recollections of Orson S. Murray," by Josiah Morrow, writ- ten for a Lebanon paper early in 1914, is quoted expressions by a Cincinnati Enquirer correspondent, written in October, 1881, from which this extract is copied: "The view from this point is perhaps one of the most perfect to be found in a day's journey from Cincinnati in any direction. Westward stretches the Little Miami, lined with stately trees, through whose great branches you catch glimpses of the silvery sheen of the bright waters; below and directly in front of the house, at the foot of the hill, runs the railroad with its double line of bright steel rails shining like silver in the sunlight, while just opposite and across the river stands the picturesque mill built by Governor Morrow, and the old-fashioned house in which the old-fashioned, good and honest statesman died. This scene, so striking in its loveliness, caught the artistic eye of the late Godfrey Frankenstein, and he made it a point to linger in the neighborhood long enough to transfer it to canvas." Before the western slopes of the valley were denuded of their rich forest growths the picture from that position, and from other points on the old farm, was beautiful, enchanting, and inspiring. The views there are yet charming, but the old mills are gone; the milldam, over which as a boy I made many trips, has become lev- eled; the slopes and hills decorated earlier with Nature's attractive growths have been made bare by the remorseless and devastating hand of Time, with Man the relentless servant and destroyer. The outlook southward, in the view from the point mentioned in the observations of the Enquirer writer, where my father late in life had his home, included a glimpse of the old stone man- sion on the adjoining farm, somewhat hidden by the surrounding trees. This was the home of Thomas and Nancy Butterworth — where they lived and died, far along in years, the latter passing a little beyond the centenary record. Here it was on a morning in March, 1845, when in my eighth year, I landed from the cars from a ten mile ride in coming from the end of the railroad then con- structed, at Morrow, with an older brother, on our trip from the temporary home at Harveysburg to our new home, on the adjoining farm, as herein mentioned. In this Butterworth home I was always welcomed — and Nancy Butterworth, to the closing of her long life, manifested an affection for me akin to that which she entertained for her own kindred. Her greetings and her aflfection are deeply cherished in my memory. 43 OF BRANDON AND VERMONT. In all my days I have entertained sentiments of particular interest concerning the Village and State of my nativity — Brandon, Rutland County, Vermont — whence my parents departed in December, 1844, when I was six and a half years of age. My first visit to Vermont in the later years, from our home in Ohio, was in the summer of 1858, when I was twenty-one years of age. At that time there were quite a number of relatives there, in different localities, and of friends of my parents, both of whom were bom not far from Brandon. From time to time in later years I made trips to Vermont. On one occasion, in the winter season, I found bitterly cold weather. I stopped over night at Rutland, proceeding early the next day to Middlebury, where I applied at a livery stable for a horse, to ride to West Cornwall, six or seven miles away, where I had relatives. I was told that no horse would be allowed to leave the stable in such temperature, which was forty degrees below zero. So I started afoot in the snow — which in fact kept me safer from ill effects of the penetrating temperature than I would have been on horseback. I did not suffer from the experience, and my visits were enjoyable. In the cemetery grounds of the Congregational Church at Bran- don, which I have repeatedly visited, when on my trips there, are two graves, with marble tablets, to the memory of my little sisters, whose remains were placed there, in my infancy — ^bearing these in- scriptions : Harriet Maria, daughter of Orson S. and Catherine M. Murray, was drowned in the millpond in this village, August 13, 1839, aged 6 years. "The dear delights we here enjoy And fondly call our own, Are but short favors borrowed now, To be repaid anon.'' Catherine Lucretia, daughter of Orson S. and Catherine M. Murray, died of croup, January 23, 1840, aged 4 years. '"Tis God that lifts our comforts high Or sinks them in the grave; He gives, and blessed be His name. He takes but what He gave.'' 44 On trips to Vermont in later years with my wife, in summer sea- sons, making the Brandon Inn our headquarters, and securing serv- iceable livery rigs, we found recreation and enjoyment in drives in many directions, and have never ceased to recall with feelings of joyous memory the thrills and delights which we were privileged to thus experience among the hills and mountains, the valleys and lakes, which in distinguishing manner are unfolded to the susceptible observer. It has been told that five young men adventurers undertook in the summer of 1761 to establish homes in a settlement in the forest lands on the northern frontier of a chain of sixteen townships in the grants which later became the State of Vermont. This tract of sixteen townships was given the Indian name of Neshobe, which in 1764 was changed to Brandon. At the approach of winter four of the five settlers returned to their former more comfortable quarters ; one, with his dog, remaining alone during the winter. With the coming of the following summer the former companions returned, and made such progress in development that it was not found neces- sary afterward to flee from the rigors of the climate there. It is said that the first dwelling there was erected by Jedediah Winslow, a descendant of the Pilgrim, Edward Winslow. An account of this early period in the history of Brandon says : "The situation that had been chosen for this settlement bespeaks both intelligence and foresight in its founders. There is no better land east of the Rocky Mountains than this watered by the Otter Creek, which runs from Dorset Pond through Addison and Rutland Counties, to pour itself over the pretty falls at Vergennes before starting on its eight mile course to Lake Champlain. . . . Ac- cording to geologists, the town of Brandon lies not only in a portion of one of the richest metalliferous districts of the world, but there is no other town which furnishes a greater variety or more extensive deposits of mineral wealth." The interest and pride of the writer in the village of his birth prompts him to bring into this record a little more of Brandon his- tory. It appears that as early as 1810 an inexhaustible bed of bog iron of rich characteristics was discovered, leading to an attempt to convert this raw material into manufactured articles. A furnace was built, but its stack failed in the feature of draft, which resulted in discouragement to the builder, who to repeat his effort would be obliged to exhaust his resources, but his wife encouraged him, with the result that in 1819-20 the furnace was in successful operation. This new industry continued for thirty years, adding to the thrift of 45 the town. A daughter of this first furnaceman there married John Conant, from Massachusetts, who, with the Neshobe water power, established gristmills and sawmills, in connection with continuing the iron business of his father-in-law, to which was added in 1825 the manufacture of the first cooking stoves made in Vermont, and among the first made in the country. "The Conant Stove" was a great invention for the time, and revolutionized the culinary depart- ments of New England homes, superseding the old swinging crane of pots and kettles and other appurtenances of the fireplace. One of these Conant stoves was among the household goods of my parents in their removal to New York City in 1843, and to Ohio in 1844, in their changes of locality mentioned elsewhere in this record. This Vermont stove was in use many years by my mother in the Ohio farm home, and the writer well remembers its peculiar characteristics. A little more relating to Vermont. At the one hundred and tenth commencement of the Middlebury College, in 1910, there was read a poetical expression, of which Judge Wendell Phillips Stafford of Washington City was the author, paying tribute to Vermont, the first and third of the eleven stanzas being as follows : Dear little State among the dark green hills, Who for thy never changing bounds didst take The long, bright river and the azure lake, And whose deep lap the short-lived summer fills With sudden sweetness until its wealth o'erspills, — How shall we sing thee for thy beauty's sake, Or praise thee in a voice that shall not break For pathos of the theme wherewith it thrills? Thou sit'st with loins upgirt, like those that wait, Not those that slumber; and around thy knees True sons of thine, scorners of fear and ease, Make music of their toil, early and late; For thou art fitly compassed in thy State By fields of clover, reddening to the breeze. Hummed over by the blithe and laboring bees And guarded by the mountains calm and great. Railroad cars were made in Brandon from 1849 to 1856, the plant subsequently being used in the manufacture of the Howe Scale, by John Howe, who bought the patent, issued in 1856, from the inventors. The Fairbanks Scale was also a Vermont product. Thomas Davenport, a furnace employe at Brandon, when thirty years of age, in 1834, became interested in magnetism. In his ex- periments he produced rotary motion by electro-magnetism— creating 46 much excitement over the marvel. He is said to have prophesied that "in a few years steamboats would be propelled by this invisible and mysterious power." The little electrical machine made by Dav- enport was taken to Middlebury College, and exhibited, where Prof. Turner said to those present: "What you have invented is not a perpetual motion; it is nothing less than a new motive power." Prof. Fowler said: "It is my belief that what you are witnessing is the first exhibition of what will prove to be one of the greatest inventions of the nineteenth century." Orange A. Smalley co- operated with Davenport in development of the new force. They connected their houses by a wire, on which they transmitted mes- sages by means of electricity, by using a battery. Prof. Samuel F. B. Morse, of the New York University, who was much interested in electricity, was struck with the Davenport machine, and at once began to improve on it. It is recorded that there is but little doubt that Morse borrowed the basis of his invention from Davenport. A published account of some of the activities of Brandon men- tions that Patrick Welch, a printer by trade, produced a type-dis- tributing machine of such merit as to procure him a gold medal from the French Exposition of 1867. Patrick Welch was an Irish boy, of the dare-devil terror type. He came under notice of my father, who took him into his printing office, where he developed ability. He went with my father from Brandon, late in 1843, to the New York City ofSce. On my father's removal to Ohio in 1844 he returned to Brandon. The village of Brandon was the birthplace of Stephen A. Doug- las, who in early years was occupied in a cabinet-maker's shop. The house in which he was born still stood, when I was last there, on a lot adjoining the lot on which the parsonage of the Baptist Church stood and remains, in which I was born. In mentioning Douglas, it is said of him that when in the Senate on an occasion when abusive language was used towards him, he rose with dignity and said: "What no gentleman should say, no gentleman need answer." From a letter which I wrote at Brandon on October 4, 1902, to the Price Current, I will copy some expressions: "Vermont is one of the most charming of all the States for one who delights in views which include grand chains of verdure clad mountains, and valleys and hills, and meadows, all reflecting the genial hand of nature. And Brandon itself has no peer among all the beautiful villages of New England. To any one who has a sense of appreciation and enjoyment of such grandeur of natural scenery, a drive from Brandon to Silver Lake, eight miles away, far up the 47 mountain, will prove one of the most enjoyable of such privileges. There the spirit of adventure may get a share of opportunity and satisfaction by departing hence down the western slope of the mountain — I could not properly say down the mountain road, for it is not entitled to such designation. Opening a gate into the forest wagon track, northward (the only exit from Silver Lake excepting the regular road by which it alone can be approached by vehicles), one may descend to regions below with safety, if he has a light vehicle, a good horse, or good team, with secure harness, with watch- ful, careful driving. On one occasion, nine years ago, in my first venture down this forest track, my good wife would not remain in the vehicle— thinking it too perpendicularly inclined, with great fre- quency. On this occasion she took chances with myself. Far down the mountain we found an intersecting track leading to a convenient halting place, beside a stream which goes plunging down the gorge with rapid fall, over as rocky a course as nature could well provide. Here we lunched and fed the horse. And here we remained for hours, away from all living beings — a little below us the famous and marvelous cascade, known as Liana Falls, a short distance from the east shore of Lake Dunmore. Just immediately north of us was the bald and bold mountain called Moosalamoo, which is so conspicuous from the Lake Dunmore hotels and vicinity. There was something in the situation so enchanting that it was with reluctance we bade the spot good-bye." Etc. On the day following the incidents here narrated we drove from Brandon to Lake Dunmore, nine miles. In my letter, after omitting some particulars of descriptive nature, it was said: "There are several roads which lead to within about two miles of the point where the hotels are situated, at Lake Dunmore. None excel the one by way of Forestdale, and thence by the westerly one of the two diverging northward from there, which roads are parted by hills and hollows and more or less of forest. This ridge road after awhile reaches such elevation as to afford a great expanse of views westward, where with fair weather the grand ranges of the Adirondacks west of Lake Champlain loom up in their magnificent impressiveness. And intermediate are the parklike valleys of the Otter Creek and other lowlands, interspersed with hills and bits of forest. Eastward are the Green Mountain slopes — and everywhere now are the most lovely phases of autumn's coloring of growths of trees, shrubs and vines. The picture of these surface growths could not be prettier than now, and the meadows are as green as incident to the most genial condition of summer. 48 "The lake hotels and cottages at Lake Dunmore are all closed for the season. But the surpassing beauty of this mountain locality and its charming surroundings never fails to satisfy the visitor. And on no former visit has it appeared to me more attractive than now. Some considerate person had left a small rowboat conveniently ac- cessible, unfastened, and equipped with oars, which invited and re- ceived our attention, the horse being detached from the vehicle and tethered where he had some grazing. So with boating and strolling along the north shore, gathering wintergreen, picking and eating huckleberries, where bushels of them were going to waste, we had some hours of just the kind of outing pleasures that suited our tastes. These enjoyments seemed intensified by the solitude which complete absence of other humanity afforded. "The several visits I have made to Lake Dunmore, now and in past years, have impressed me with the seeming peacefulness of na- ture's provisions here, its restful and at the same time inspiring elements for susceptible human creatures, mingled with opportunity for sport pleasures. But the spot is not readily accessible, being several miles from the nearest railway station." The letter from which the foregoing extracts are copied con- tained much more of reference to the region among the hills, valleys and mountains of Vermont. But enough has been copied to give illustration not only of the charming and attractive features there, but also of my likings in the way of outing opportunities, especially with the companionship of my wife, who has fully shared in all such enjoyments. Southward from Brandon to Pittsford and beyond are several roads, affording interesting trips. Florence, near Pittsford, is noted for its great marble quarries, of which there are many in that region, including Brandon. From Florence begins the ascent of the Hubbardton mountain ride, and from the elevations reached are ob- tained such views of mountains and valleys and the attending scenery as furnish a rich reward for those who wend their course up this unfrequented track. Far away to the southeast rises the peak of Killington Mountain, the highest of the Vermont range of mountains, a dozen or fifteen miles distant, upon the uppermost rock of which my wife and I stood nine years previous to the trip herein referred to. In the Price Current of August 31, 1893, reference was made to a trip East by myself and wife — from which the following are ex- tracts : "The trip embraced the journey of the St. Lawrence River to 49 Montreal, and from Quebec to the mouth of the Saguenay River, seventy-five miles. Thence to the head of navigation on the incom- parable Saguenay, about seventy-five miles from the St. Lawrence. Returning to Quebec the prominent features of interest in that unique city were visited. The next movement was into the heart of the Adirondacks, and to some of the peculiarly attractive lakes in that region, including Lake Placid, Mirror Lake, etc., which region seems to challenge all the rest of the world in claims for charm and grandeur of mountain and water attractions. "Next, to Burlington, Vermont, by Lake Champlain steamer. After brief calls upon relatives at Burlington and elsewhere in the State the beautiful village of Brandon was reached. We went to Brandon because it was there the writer was bom, and where the earlier boyhood days were spent. And it was with an emotional interest that we visited the scenes of those days, finding the old homestead from which my parents removed fifty years ago, when the writer was a lad six years old. "With Brandon as headquarters for nearly a week we visited many places of interest in that region. "We had heard and read of Killington Mountain, and set one day apart for a trip there. Going to Rutland by railroad we found the man who seemed to have the monopoly of transit to that locality — a monopoly which he enjoys probably for the reason that no one else in the State of Vermont cares to compete with him in the busi- ness. We have had a good deal of mountain experience, in this country and abroad, but the like of the Killington trip we never had. We can't imagine that any one would undertake it knowing what the trip was to be — but no one after the hardships of the wagon ascent and the ultimate individual effort to reach the peak, hundreds of feet higher than horses can be driven, can return with a regret for having made the trip, if the atmosphere was favorable for the survey which that highest spot in all the mountains of Vermont admits of. The homeward trip was by way of Lake George, Seneca Lake, etc." "The heroic men who are ahead of their times in acts for the public good are not condoned until after their death." 50 A CHRISTMAS PRAYER. On this glad day, God grant that we may find The good which we have missed in other men; To their small faults and errors make us blind. Show us the way to help them — not condemn. Give us the grace to realize that we Are not from imperfections wholly free. Grant that we cheer each other on the way, When it seems dark, and Doubt would question "Why?" Help us to find contentment day by day, To live with courage — and fear not to die. Give us a strong man's strength to fight, and then A child's pure heart forevermore! Amen. — Everard Jack Appleton. A CONVERSION. One day I took a holiday; I did not do a thing. Except to wend a careless way And let my fancy bring My footsteps wheresoe'er she might. I watched the toilers pass And vowed I'd be, with much delight. One of the leisure class. Alas! how quickly pleasures cloy! I envied from my heart The ragged, jocund, little boy Whose yelling made me start; I envied all the jostling crew Who hurried through the street, And life seemed full of things to do And only toil was sweet. So, gentle dreamer, pass me by And tell me not of hours When all humanity shall lie Upon a bed of flowers. For honest joys are never rife Till man has earned his rest; It is the life of hope and strife That, after all, is best. — Philander C. Johnson. 51 BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS. At the age of nineteen years I was allied with my father in agri- cultural and farm affairs, upon land to which he had removed in 1856, on the west side of the lyittle Miami River, near Foster's Crossings. Soon afterward the farm affairs passed to my charge, as the head of operations. My father had been a grower of sweet potatoes for the Cincinnati market in a rather large way. I fol- lowed up this course of agriculture, and developed a large business in production and distribution of sweet potato plants. They were sprouted in large hotbeds, artificially warmed. I was the first per- son to send packages of sweet potato plants to distant northern sec- tions of the country, on orders received from advertising. They were boxed with moss, for r£tention of moisture. I became an expert maimer of plant boxes, of which hundreds were required during the shipping season. At this period in my career I was also engaged in the nursery business, and had much experience in growing apple seedlings and in root grafting them, and also in growing and budding peach seed- lings. When the Wilson strawberry was advertised by its originator at Albany, New York, I sent for some plants, and so far as I knew I was the first to grow this fruit in Southern Ohio, and probably the first in the State. A large grower of strawberries in the ad- joining county, Hamilton, came to see my Wilson berries, and was delighted in what he saw. Said he: "I have heard that the Wilson berry has been objected to because of its sour quality, but what is finer in flavor than the lemon, tempered with sugar?" This variety has not since been surpassed in quality in strawberries grown for marketing. Our house in strawberry time, with my mother's bread and butter, and abundance of good milk, was an attractive resort for visitors in that region. Raspberries and blackberries for home use were also grown. I likewise found entertainment in hives of honey bees. Among the experiences I had in early life on the farm was one connected with attendance at a public sale, at which a nurseryman of my acquaintance located in an adjoining county was present, and made some purchases, upon which he was allowed nine months' time for payment, by giving notes with approved endorsement. Upon his request I endorsed his notes thus given, and when they were 52 due I was obliged to pay them, never being reimbursed. I decided to make no endorsements of such nature subsequent to that expe- rience, and never departed from such decision. In 1861 I was invited to take charge of the shipping of a large crop of peaches, grown near and shipped from Fort Ancient, 42 miles from Cincinnati, on the Little Miami Railroad — 15 miles from Foster's Crossings, my home station, near the farm upon which I was located and carrying on operations. After this shipping season was over I became a subcontractor for hay deliveries for army uses at Camp Dennison, purchases and shipping being done at various points on the Little Miami and connecting lines of railroad. This was early in the Civil War times. Having a moderate crop of peaches on my farm in 1862, and securing promises of shipments from other growers, I opened a peach store in a temporary building on Vine Street, Cincinnati, where the Hotel Emery was later erected and now stands. This experience led to consideration of the question- of entering into the produce commission business, under suggestion from the leading merchant at Foster's Crossings. Available store quarters in the downtown dis- trict were scarce S.nd rents were high. On Vine Street, east side, southward from and cornering on Second Street, was a newly erected block of stone front stores — the third one from the corner not yet having passed to occupancy by a tenant. Among my friends whom I consulted concerning the expediency of securing these prem- ises and engaging in the commission business was Thomas L. Kim- ball, then serving the passenger department of the Pennsylvania Railroad, with an office in this city. It was largely through the encouragement given me by Mr. Kimball that I entered upon this venture, in 1862. Mr. Kimball was later sent to Omaha by Tom Scott, of the Pennsylvania system, for connection with the affairs of the Union Pacific line, of which he ultimately became the head in its practical management. He was a master of transportation questions and operations, and a man of high order of character. His wife was a daughter of Nathaniel P. Rogers, a brilliant New Englander, identified with anti-slavery and other reform movements, and a warm friend of my father. In my ten years of experience in the commission business I had some partnership connections during a portion of the period. In my makeup there was more of the element of industry than of smartness in acquiring results. There was lack of earlier mercantile training. There were drawbacks due to possession of limited capital. But every dollar of financial obligation, at all times, was met. My 53 overcautious nature and aim to keep on a safe footing probably was a hindrance to more extended undertakings. During this period I was — one season, at least — the largest re- ceiver of eggs in the Cincinnati market from country shippers. At that time the arrivals were practically all on consignment. Butter, apples, potatoes, seeds, grain, and other produce were largely re- ceived. One year a dealer at Rochester, N. Y., consigned to me a shipment of several hundred barrels of Neshannock potatoes of as fine quality as I ever saw, which arrived at the opening time of the season for new stock. This was early in my experience, and I did not anticipate how quickly the demand could change from old to new, and by holding too strongly for what was deemed to be a proper price for the choice stock, I had the experience of sending it to the dump, and losing the four hundred dollars I had ad- vanced to the shipper upon his drafts. This was a costly lesson — chargeable to lack of experience. When the grape growing enterprise on the islands of Lake Erie reached the point of maturity of this fruit in liberal quantities for market shipment I secured a large extent of consignments, my re- ceipts for one season or more being far in excess of all other arrivals in the Cincinnati market of this fruit. Prices at that time were much above the values of a few years later. One season I sent a man to a northern grower of cranberries, soliciting consignments, but got no results. I kept my name before him by mailing each week a copy of my special market circular. At the opening of the shipping season the following year he sent a sample barrel, by express, and named a price at which he would deliver a carload or more on track. The reply said that we were doing only a commission business ; and believing we could secure higher value than his offer indicated, his consignments were solicited. He shipped a carload billed to his son, who came here to look into our standing before turning the shipment over to us. We held his business that season and afterward, with expressions of great satis- faction in the service rendered him. These trade incidents represent a few of the operations which memory recalls after the lapse of the many years since their occur- rence. It may be observed that upon acquiring knowledge of a method of handling butter incident to use of artificial coloring to produce uniformity of appearance of the product in packages for shipment, I was the leader in the enterprise of making shipments of such goods from this market. Sweet butter of varying color was so blended and colored as to be inviting to the New Orleans trade. 54 to which market consignments were made. One of the older ship- pers of butter from this city when on a visit to New Orleans was surprised on finding our product there, of attractive quality, the test of its merits being upon insertion of the butter tryer, which on with- drawal came out clean, with beads of moisture, in a manner un- usual to rehandled or manipulated butter, with its broken grain. This incident started others in the coloring business, on a large scale, and while we had handled only butter of good quality, but irregular in the feature of color, the trade was soon spoiled by shipments of trashy stock. The coloring which we used was privately made by myself. Local parties sent to New Orleans for some of our butter and had it analyzed to ascertain ingredients of the coloring material. In my experiences with partnerships in the commission business was an instance which in a way illustrates some features of character. A young man from another State sought a business connection here, and was sent to me. His mother had liberal financial resources, and he came with money enough for our purposes. Before the end of the year he got into familiar acquaintance with a man of manners, who was doing a good deal in speculating operations, and had reaped some benefits. My partner urged me to consent to have this person added to our firm, declaring that this new feature in business would secure more of profits for us and add to our standing. But with pork at $45 per barrel, and other speculative products relatively at such a high pitch, I had no confidence in safety in such new line of opera- tions. My partner said to me that I was standing in the way of our making more money by my unwillingness to accept this addi- tion to our firm, to which I replied that if he thought this other party would make him a better partner than myself to make the change — and he did, without ill feeling — and it was not many months before the young firm, of which he was a member, had the experi- ence of serious business failure and considerable unpaid obligations. One day a lad came in, soliciting help to get set up in selling newspapers. The sheet he handed out said he was deaf and dumb. On getting a contribution he passed out. Not long afterward he came in again, with a similar plea. My partner, to whom he ap- pealed, was reading a French novel, with feet elevated on his desk, and pointed to me, at another desk, and the paper was held out for my attention, to which I shook my head. He became so insistent in his actions that I pointed to the door, as a suggestion for his de- parture. He gave me an angry look, and I made a movement as an intimation that the departing time had been reached. He gave me a defiant look, turned, and fell upon the floor as if he were dead 55 — in a fit. After awaiting awhile for his revival we began to be alarmed, and I was about to go out for a policeman when the lad after a slight movement arose, handed out his paper as before, and went out as glib as he came in — to our great relief. My partner at that time and a mild-tempered man had rooms over Evans & Co.'s bank, and on Sundays that was a meeting place for social opportunities by acquaintances. One day when I was present, and an article of a political nature in the Atlantic Monthly was under discussion, with a warming tendency in a particular direction, the mild-tempered man observed that he didn't want anybody to get mad at what was being said. "Hell and damnation, I am not getting mad!" ejaculated this partner of mine. A further instance of partnership. Soon after being installed in the house the new member wanted to make a trip, to secure con- signments — and he started out northward, seeking butter from the Western Reserve region in Northern Ohio, and other produce, from intermediate localities. He became enthusiastic over the prospects of enlarged trade. I was aware that the localities he visited could secure better returns from eastern than from southern markets — and I awaited results, without making observations. The new partner on his return spoke confidently of certainty of our receiving all the consignment goods we could handle. And soon he began to wonder why this produce did not come. But it never did come. These specifications indicate the commonplace features attending my early years — from the time when at eight years of age I was sent two miles away from the farm with frequency to the postoffice at Twenty Miles Stand, crossing the river and passing by the flour and lumber mills of Jeremiah Morrow, who had been an early Gov- ernor of Ohio, and for years a member of Congress. As I have stated, my father published a journal which bore the title of The Regenerator, and to illustrate the change since then in the mail service and its requirements it may be mentioned that a piece of mail sent from the East bearing simply "The Regenerator, Ohio," reached the intended destination all right. My father received the New York Tribune regularly. In those days the addressing of wrappers was entirely in writing — and the penmanship upon the Tribune wrappers was fine. It was un- like the writing of Horace Greeley, whose a, and o, and r, were of a like form, as shown in his writing in my possession, received from him replying to business inquiries. What a contrast in comparison with the fine penmanship of Robert E. Lee, as appearing in an auto- graph letter to myself, written only twelve days before his death. 56 In the summer of 1862, when interested in selling peaches, I learned one day that some friends had been on guard duty in the vicinity of Columbia, the eastern limits of Cincinnati, and had reached a point of needing some relief. There was fear of a raid from Kirby Smith or John Morgan, of the Confederate army. Call- ing upon a Fifth Street merchant, an intimate acquaintance, to act with me in securing some other friends to join us in a plan to arrange for volunteering our services in guard duty as relief for our friends in the Columbia district, we started out on this mission, when in going up Main Street, near Fifth, we were halted by a patrol guard and ordered to "fall in." When I told the gunman that I had a pass from the Provost Marshal which exempted me from military liability, the reply was to "fall in," and "never mind the pass." We were marched to Third Street and ordered to go upstairs in a high building, on the north side of the street, east of Sycamore. Arriving on the top floor we found ourselves among a mass of human beings, impressed under the military orders into preparation for going upon duty on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River. It was the craziest body of men I ever witnessed — and I was one of the worried persons. The officer in charge, after hear- ing my story, said if I could verify my statements he would have to let me off. This led to my having a man with a gun as escort to my store, leaving me there in a relieved state of mind. One evening in the summer of 1862, when the city was under martial law, and civilians were ordered to not appear on the streets after 9 o'clock excepting with military permits, without liability to arrest, I made a call upon friends on Dayton Street, starting from the house there for return to Vine Street in time to be free from such interference. On halting a moment at the house of another ac- quaintance, across the street, I was introduced to a young man who said he was going my way, and would accompany me. But he was provokingly slow in moving, and we just missed a car as it turned from York to Linn Street, which we could have reached by an ef- fort, but my companion indifferently observed that another car would come shortly, and as he was a stranger to me I felt that it would not be polite to rush unceremoniously away from him. The other car did come, and I soon learned from the new acquaintance that he had only a little way to go to reach his abiding place, and after his departure I learned that I was on the last car, which did not go uptown, but turned at Ninth Street to the car stables. It was al- ready after 9 o'clock, and a long walk confronted me, with constant fear of being overhauled by an officer. But I reached my Vine 57 Street quarters in safety, and soon thereafter stepped over to the old market house, where a large number of soldiers were receiving orders, and other things going on. The commanding officer wanted an assistant, to issue passes, and he got his eye upon me in some way, and asked for my service, which I readily granted, and to a late hour enjoyed the privilege of issuing passes to belated persons and others who had occasion to ask for such authority under the military exigency. There was a sense of sympathetic satisfaction in this quick and unexpected change in my situation, from a fear of molestation to power for immunity for others. OPPORTUNITY POSSIBILITIES. The feature of opportunity has been held as coming within reach of persons at some time in their lives — opportunity for securing con- ditions whereby an advantageous situation could be commanded. Upon the individual forces necessarily depends the significance of opportunities. It is not certain that my career has been favored with an opportunity of distinct possibilities of such nature, without relation to doubtful actions. In my first year in Cincinnati my at- tention was invited to a local paper called the Daily Press. It was a comparatively small sheet, printed on an Enquirer press in a build- ing on Vine Street, below Fourth, where the building which became quarters of the Telephone Company was afterward erected. The Daily Press was owned by the person who was foreman in the old Commercial office in 1853, when I did some typesetting there inci- dent to a strike, mentioned earlier in this Sketch. He did not know he had a good thing, and so he wanted to sell his paper, which was not losing money nor making much, but the war conditions un- nerved him, and he distrusted the future, and wanted to unload his holdings. Here was an opportunity offered to me. I conferred with a business friend, having in thought the possibility of our joining in such venture. This friend was in the ready-made clothing business on Fifth Street. He was my companion in the experience with the patrol squad, of which I have spoken. It was in the rear of his store that Thomas L. Kimball, railroad man, mentioned earlier in this Sketch, had his quarters at that time. Kimball was a keen observer of influences and tendencies in business affairs. He fore- saw the advances which were to occur in prices of commodities, under the government issues of paper currency. He advised and urged the clothing dealer to load up with goods to the extent of his 58 resources and credit, assuring him that he would reap a rich reward — which he did — and with it later went back to Providence, Rhode Island, his old home, becoming a banker there. He had too good a thing in his business to care for a newspaper opportunity such as the Daily Press offered, and I was not in command of much capital, as well as was lacking confidence in my individual ability to master such an enterprise. So this opportunity presented to me was passed by, and under the scare experienced by the owner he soon thereafter quit issuing the paper, and later mourned over his mistake. Its continuance, at such juncture in the increasing call for current daily news, would certainly have afiforded remunerative results, and likely have been the foundation of a highly prosperous and interesting enterprise. My father had many calls from persons of prominence, among whom was a man interested in educational work, and who was ar- ranging for establishment of an agricultural institution at a city in Indiana. On learning of my accomplishments on the farm he in- vited me to consider the acceptance of a responsible position in the contemplated work in Indiana. My lack of any training in such lines of endeavor at that early period in my career made it appear best to not undertake the proposed responsibility. Among my father's acquaintances was a person who had been a dentist in Cincinnati, but had retired, and was then interested in developing the production of small fruits and nursery stock, in con- nection with greenhouse products, etc., on his tract of 75 acres on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, north of Newport, and near to what was then Jamestown — universally called Jimtown — and later known as Dayton, and which has since taken these grounds into its expanded territory. I was invited to become manager of the enter- prise, with plenty of capital, and an interest in results. But being reluctant to leave the home of my parents, and for other reasons, I declined acceptance of the proposition. Perhaps I might allude to another situation under which I could have reaped a reward in a pecuniary way by sacrificing the element of self-respect and integrity of purpose with which I was and had been governed in all my doings. In the progress of my labors in publishing the Cincinnati Price Current, reaching a high degree of success in presenting information of reliable nature in matters which had an influence with trading men, notably those speculatively con- cerned in current influences upon market sentiment and values of grain and provisions, it developed that weekly statements thus of- fered became influential factors in speculative markets, particularly 59 Chicago. This led to appeals from such sources for intimations as to nature of statements in advance of appearance in the paper. No advance statements were furnished, and the integrity and fidelity of my work won recognition and strengthened confidence in the merit of what was offered in such matters. Thus there were times when these statements, promulgated by local agents by telegrams from in- formation found in the Price Current on mornings of its appearance, occasioned market changes in the speculative sentiment, many times in important degree. The opportunity before me, under such cir- cumstances, admitted of my taking advantage of this advance knowl- edge of the purport of significant statements for my own gain. But this never had any temptation for me, and I have had and still have the self-satisfaction of knowing that in my journalistic work I never had a dollar of interest in any speculative market affairs or condi- tions, and never was beneficiary of any trading incident of such nature. I might add that a proposal came to me, at a time when the crop information of the Price Current had reached a high point of recognition and influence, from an "expert" at Chicago, that the collection of current needful information should be turned into the hands of this party, who would handle it for the Price Current, with privilege of furnishing to trading interests advance information as to nature of the weekly statements to be published, by which pay could be secured from those who would take advantage of fellow tradesmen in a manner inconsistent with honorable operations. In referring to this proposal to me there is inclination to mention having received, in 1905, a request from this "expert" for endorse- ment of him for the position of statistician in the Bureau of Statis- tics of the Department of Agriculture. In my reply I said: "I have had no belief that you would apply for the position of statisti- cian in the Department of Agriculture. If I had, and had good ground for it, I should be impelled to speak unreservedly of my lack of confidence in the service you would render the public in the matter of freedom from liability to make use of the office for your own advantage not represented by the salary account. ... I have had no occasion for reflections upon your abilities as a crop statistician, but your methods, as I have understood them, have not had and do not have my approval as consistent with that which is to be commended." There were various times, when I assembled information which I had secured, and had reached conclusions therefrom as to the situation of crop conditions for a statement to appear in the Price Current, at variance with prevailing speculative sentiment, that I 6o could foresee the probability of immediate and important influence on the Chicago market, applicable to speculative prices of grain and hog products. There was no thought of taking advantage of such opportunities for personal benefit, in any way, direct or otherwise. There was a particular instance, in a statement relating to the corn crop, that was so widely at variance with the popular speculative view that a remarkable break in the market position at Chicago for this grain followed immediately upon the Price Current's announce- ment of this information. Incident to the stir there on 'Change which resulted, some ungracious expressions were made by members, such as this: "Murray must have made a million by his advance possession of what his report shows." This may be regarded as an opportunity. But some people fail to appreciate the value of the reward which comes to the conscientious person who serves the general good by actions governed by honesty of purpose and indus- try in efforts, for whatever might be made available for the in- terest and advantage of others. When having under consideration a change from the commission line of business after ten years of such experience, and taking occa- sion to give thought as to what else there might be for me, I men- tioned something to a friend at the head of a bank in our city, which called forth a comment that he believed he knew where there was an opportunity for me. He said he understood that a confi- dential man was wanted in management of the affairs of a successful and wealthy concern, and that with my permission he would suggest consideration of my name. This was followed by a call from a person I knew quite well, who said he came to see me at the sug- gestion of the banker. He began by asking as to what terms I could accept. My banker friend had volunteered a confident ex- pression that a liberal salary only would be consistent with the re- sponsibility of the position and the financial resources of the con- cern, and might be expected. But its head, in approaching me, dis- closed a disposition at the outset to seek services on a stringent plan of pay. When asked as to what basis of pay I would consider I replied that I had no price to name; I had never been in permanent service on pay; I was open for negotiation upon a seemingly appro- priate basis. He finally suggested a price about half what my banker friend had assumed would be readily available at the outset, with probability of betterment in due time. I saw no inducement of an inviting nature in the opportunity — and as I studied the man later, who thus came to see me, I concluded that I could not have been happy as his hireling. 6i IN JOURNALISM AND STATISTICS. Changes in business operations in lines in which we were en- gaged unfavorably affected us in time, and near the end of my tenth year in such trade myself and partner found it needful to secure conditions encouraging a betterment. My printing office experience in my earlier years figured in the decision reached, early in 1872, when we arranged to start a commercial journal, incident to which plan we purchased the daily market circular being issued for use of commission merchants and dealers in this city. It was planned that my partner should continue to carry on the commission business, and that my attention would be given to the publishing enterprise. In March, 1872, we issued the first number of our weekly paper, "The Cincinnati Commercial Review." At that time printing paper commanded high prices. We wanted to have our publication attractive in appearance, so I looked at stock in different paper stores, finding some which pleased me — and or- dered the lot to remain a short time on storage until we were ready to handle it. When sent for we were advised that it had been turned out on an order, expecting to replace it with another lot for us, but had not yet been able to do so of the same quality. The price then was 16 cents per pound, for such stock as has been selling in late years at less than one-third that price. We never afterward traded with the house that sold our paper to other parties. My partner became discouraged in the commission business, and we discontinued operations in that line early in 1872. In July, 1872, the editor of The Cincinnati Price Current died, and in August we purchased what there was available of that publication, consisting of the name under which it had been issued for 28 years, and the sub- scription list, which represented a limited number, and some bound volumes of issues in previous years. A liberal cash price was paid to the executor of the estate in effecting this purchase. The newspaper work upon which I entered in 1872 and continued for forty-one years was of a nature that invited effort for presenta- tion of worthy information, as reliable in character as possible, for its purpose was to serve as a factor of influence, in forming opinion and reaching conclusions under which industrial and investment in- terests might be guided or promoted, as well as those of strictly speculative nature. It was not my aim to point out or to offer 62 opinion or suggestions of my own as to how men could acquire money or wealth, or such benefits, but to become a medium of pres- entation of facts and evidences of prevailing and prospective condi- tions, upon which interested persons could look with confidence, in application of such information to their situation advantageously in affairs. Also to offer to readers the opinions and suggestions of others, observant of current matters of interest. These were leading objects in view, and the foremost endeavors, in the issuance of the Cincinnati Price Current. Another purpose in the plan was to make use of opportunities at command in such a publication for aiding in strengthening the moral forces of men, by introducing elements of inspiration in such features as would be calculated to serve the welfare and exaltation of mankind. There was satisfaction in presenting information of commendable attainments of men and of women, anywhere, singly or collectively, pertaining to efforts and deeds not having relation to commercial and industrial interests otherwise than by such influ- ence as might give encouragement to betterment of conditions. I had no theories to champion or to promote. But on taking up the work which had been accepted it was found to be agreeable to me, and with the experience acquired with the advance of time and increase in practice there was gain in strength and ability for the performance and in enjoyment in doing what the conditions invited. In the nature of the interests covered, and the widening of the range of inquiry and of action, my paper became one of special characteristics, and of a distinctive place in news, and so much of my personal labor appeared in the special fields of endeavor, and in identity with what was presented, that it sometimes seemed to me that my personal relation to my readers was closer than ordinarily exists incident to the production of commercial literature and allied news features in political economy. This distinction was more in evidence in the period previous to my acceptance of the executive service in the Chamber of Commerce, which figured in a way to more or less abridge the extent of my direct personal power for maintenance of the genial relations in the newspaper work. But it did not lessen the cordiality of friendly interest that had developed between my readers and myself. In the divided attentions between the newspaper and the official work I felt that the opportunities af- forded in the field of executive service for an influential commercial body, if there was in fact some loss of power and of action in the journalistic line, it was more than made good by accomplishments in the other position of activity and influence. 63 The Price Current had a widely scattered circulation, in this country and in other countries, but never large in numbers, when compared with a popular class of journals. No other paper within my knowledge had so much attention and influence among classes interested in the particular lines represented of a business nature, for so limited a number of actual subscribers. But its influence was not confined to such limitations. It was largely borrowed by persons in trading activities, and its accessibility in reading rooms in the markets of this country and abroad made its contents available to a much larger number of persons than the subscription list reflected. This furnished an element of satisfaction and of gratification, with- out yielding the extent of income generally supposed to be received, from the fame reached by the paper. The subscriptions of the Liverpool reading rooms of business organizations, and at Glasgow, etc., in foreign markets, as illustrations, served to distinctly reduce the individual orders and returns to the publication, while its infor- mation was increasingly sought by business men. In our country quite a number of the colleges and universities ordered the paper, for consultation in classes in economic education. Cornell Univer- sity, which had for a number of years secured the paper, sent an order for bound volumes for ten years. One of the elements of application of the Price Current information without financial benefit to its publisher was the wide extent to which the commercial col- umns of the daily press, weekly journals and market publications, and news agencies, made use of summarized statements of its in- formation. When my journalistic and statistical work began, in 1872, with the meat industry as a leading interest to be served, the total annual commercial slaughtering of hogs in the West had not reached a record of 5,000,000 — other sections of the country having no appre- ciable part in such reckonings. In the closing year of my records for such work the western operations represented 30,000,000 hogs in the slaughtering account, and other killings, in the eastern local- ities, were 6,000,000 additional, in round numbers, from supplies of hogs obtained chiefly from western sections. The commercial slaugh- tering of cattle in the early years in these mentionings was not of sufficient significance to be a matter of record. Nearly the entire operations in this line in its development were represented by slaugh- tering by the large packing concerns at Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City and Omaha, and ten years after my publishing and statistical work began the record of yearly killings of cattle was short of 1,000,000 animals, the high record subsequently being 5,000,000, in 64 1906. For sheep the similar slaughterings did not reach a million until 1887; for 1911 the record exceeded 8,000,000. These specifi- cations are introduced to indicate the great extension of these lines of operations within the period of my more intimate identity with their statistical history than was any other person. I was thirty-five years of age when publishing and journalism was undertaken, in 1872. The work, while not of usual or general characteristics in newspaper operations, and called for special lines of effort, was readily understood, without previous training. There had not in fact been earlier or preparatory experience on my part in literary lines, which was not found to be essential in the work of collecting and presenting current commercial news and opinion. It was not difficult to secure facts and to present them in desirable form. As time progressed there was found to be occasion for widening and extending inquiry, and enlargement of exhibits, in the lines cov- ered. The commanding feature in contemplation in the early period of this labor was closely related to the pork packing and provision trade and allied interests. This soon developed under my efforts far beyond anything that had previously been undertaken, and from time to time with the advance of years new elements and forms of inquiry and statistics and of comparisons were introduced in the exhibits presented. The aim was to secure the fullest degree of ac- curacy and freshness in such particulars, so that the information offered could be relied on, and be of usefulness to interested persons. In this I was successful in good degree. Prior to my acquirement of the Price Current the paper had attained a position of good standing in the business world, under the management of its late editor. The worst charge that had been made against him was in reality a declaration in his favor — for it was that he would not lend the influence of his power and his paper to the dictation of tradesmen. His policy was to maintain inde- pendence in a work offered for general public information and guid- ance. He was accused of being stubborn — and the accusation was well founded, for he defied the pressure applied to him for securing subservience to the selfish purposes of a band of trade operators. While editor of the Price Current he was for seventeen years the Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce (as Executive Secre- tary), from which position he was obliged to retire in October, 1871, as a rebuke for his policy of independence in conduct of his paper, and in order to put into the position one who would be more adapt- able in qualifications for giving recognition to a controlling and dicta- torial element in an organized body, composed of trade interests. 65 It was under these circumstances that the Cincinnati Price Cur- rent came into my control, with the legacy of ill will for the publi- cation on the part of a dominating class in the Chamber of Com- merce at that time, identified with the pork trade. But in time the better sense of men prevailed. The Price Current was the originator of systematic work in pro- curing and compiling pork packing information, incident to which a general summary and statistical exhibit was offered at the close of the season, at the end of the cold months, preceded by indica- tions secured by careful inquiry. The new Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce solicited and obtained authority to act in procuring and compiling pork packing information, such as the Price Current had long been offering in its yearly exhibits, and had con- tinued under my management and labors, on a broadened plan. In 1874 I was made a candidate for election as a member of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce. After announce- ment of my name in such connection I was urged to not stand for such election. It was assumed that in the event of my being elected there would be liability to effort on my part at interference with the work of the new Superintendent in the matter of pork packing information, and of friction between myself and the official in service. I said that I had not sought the nomination, and as it was the work of my friends I could not entertain such proposition. I was elected — such annual actions at that time being held in Sep- tember. Near the end of the following February the Super- intendent came to me with a proposal that at the end of the packing season, then approaching, I should accept and offer the annual "offi- cial" statement for my readers, instead of one prepared by the paper — holding that the trade interested desired only one report, and that two statements, with possible differences, were liable to lead to ques- tions of doubt in the exhibits. My reply was that this work of the Price Current was an independent one, in connection with offering information currently from week to week throughout the season, and that it would not be consistent to adopt a summary and exhibits by a trade organization at the end of the season, supervised by an in- terested committee, in place of the usual one by the paper. The authority for action in such case which he sought and which was granted to the Superintendent implied a work of supererogation, for it did not contemplate any betterment in any feature, if control by organized trade interests incident to questionable practices be not held as betterment. There was no provision in the constitution of the Chamber of Commerce providing for such or similar work to 66 be done by the organization. When the two annual reports were simultaneously issued in 1874 there were such differences apparent that considerable controversy arose, and efforts were made to dis- credit the Price Current exhibit. I was called upon to know if I- would meet a committee of the provision trade and verify in detail the statements published. I signified readiness to do so, but it was not called for, and manifestly not wanted. My readiness to so act evidently was taken to mean that I had the proof at command. Inasmuch as stress was laid upon the undesirability of two pork packing reports for the season, as stated by the Superintendent, I felt called upon to bring the matter to the attention of the Board of Officers of the Chamber, which I did, with a suggestion that if the Board concurred in the view declared, that only one report was wanted, I would furnish the Price Current statement, free of cost, for use of the Chamber — by which a saving of a large expense ac- count would be secured, as well as the appearance of only one re- port. This would also relieve the Superintendent of extra work, stated by him to be worth $1,000 to do. The Board took action in acceptance of the proposition, and in directing that the Superinten- dent be governed accordingly. This was a result not contemplated in the effort to secure discontinuance of the annual statement of the Price Current, and a stir followed among partisans of the Superin- tendent, in connection with which there was newspaper publicity of the situation and controversy which arose, some of which was in- tended and calculated to call into question the worthiness of the independent work in comparison with that which was "official." One day, at this juncture, I met on the street an acquaintance in the pork trade who spoke substantially thus : "Why don't you show up these fellows who are aiming to run things in the interest of their schemes?" etc. As a result I wrote a rather brief article for publication, introducing pointed references to pork corner operations by the dominant trade in this market, who now wanted to dictate as to packing reports. I took it to Halstead, editor of the Daily Commercial. Glancing at the article he said: "How many libel suits are there in this?" My article appeared in the Commercial the next morning. I also had it put in type in my office, and had slips printed, and when I went on 'Change I handed copies to various members. There soon was commotion and excited declarations, especially from persons who had reason for feelings of discomfiture under public intimations of pork comer operations. In my familiar identity with conditions on 'Change, covering a period of fifty-two years prior to the past 67 year, there was no other incident of such degree of excitement on the Exchange floor as this occasion furnished. Following this I was notified of charges of misconduct being filed against me, by a leader in the pork faction, for publishing al- leged false statements. I was called upon by a committee of three persons prominent in the Pork Packers' Association, personally friendly to myself, and was told that if I would publish a statement to the efifect that what I had declared with reference to pork cor- nering operations was in fact not true, the charges against me would be withdrawn. I said that I was ready to appear before the mem- bers of the Packers' Association, and if in any particular there was anything in my statement that could not be supported as fact, I would to such extent make public correction. There was no request for such appearance before the disturbed packers. They were not desirous of hearing what I knew, and could state, and disclose. The committee of the Board of Officers exonerated me under the charges, and with some protests, and call for modification in a por- tion of the language of the Board's report, the charges were with- drawn by those who had introduced them. While these matters were pending, among other expressions made to me by members on 'Change were words from the head of one of the most prominent manufacturing firms in this market, which in- cluded this : "These fellows have got you against the wall, and they are going to jam you through it, unless you yield to them, which I advise you to do, and get even with them when you can." My reply was : "If the Chamber of Commerce can deny to me the right of entrance through those doors because of my having made statements of fact, I can afford to be the victim." A few years later, in April, 1881, I was presented with one thou- sand dollars, under circumstances and for purposes which will be mentioned here, the contributors to this fund including persons who in 1875 were participants of and in sympathy with the complaints and efforts against me, as herein narrated. On going on 'Change one day I was met by William J. Lippincott, who expressed a desire to speak to me in a private way. He informed me that some friends of mine had learned that I had been offered an ocean passage ticket, to Liverpool and return, by an eastern friend, and at his expense, but heard that I had declined the proffer, which had been made with the object of securing relief for me incident to unfavorable health conditions. I was told that my friends had surmised that my reason for declining the ocean passage ticket was from lack of "ways and means" for making such a tour as was contemplated, with incidental 68 opportunities, and accordingly a movement was started for the pur- pose of raising five hundred dollars for me, but the responses were so ready and generous that the contributions had quickly reached double the intended amount. I was told that the question was as to whether I would prefer to receive this fund privately, or in the presence of those who had shared in the gift. My reply was that coming to me as it did, by actions of which I had had no knowledge or intimation, I should leave it to himself to decide the question, which he did by saying that the presentation would be made at noon- time next day on 'Change at a meeting in the pork room. This mark of goodwill, consideration, and friendship, and of recognition of the merit of my journalistic endeavors, challenged any excuse for not accepting the ticket for the ocean voyage, made by my eastern friend, so there was no escape from carrying out the plan which my friends had proposed for me. This was in 1881. In May of that year I made a visit to St. Louis, and went on 'Change there, where I had many friends. To an inquiry as to length of my stay there, the reply was that I would return to Cincinnati the following day, whereupon some of the friends set about to give me a reception, which plan was carried out, by arranging on short notice for a meeting and dinner at the Lindell Hotel, at which a liberal number of the business men were present. Very complimentary and kind expressions were made to me on this occasion. The chairman of the meeting was Michael McEnnis, who had for years been the active head of the old firm of Francis Whittaker & Sons, pork packers. He was then, or had been, president of the St. Louis Merchants' Exchange. In his comments at the dinner he mentioned the incident of having received from me a request, a number of years previously, when I began gathering pork packing statistics for the Price Current, for details of their operations, which they refused to furnish, saying in efifect that it was none of my business to have such information from them. In his reference to this he said he received a reply from me of such nature that it made him ashamed of their treatment of me, which feeling had never left him. While at St. Louis I suggested to a friend there, who was "well fixed," that he better arrange to accompany me on the trip over the ocean that I had planned to make. This was followed by a tele- gram, after my return to Cincinnati, saying that if I could secure shipquarters for him he would join me. I was successful in such effort. Never having been in Washington, our country's capital, I arranged for going East that way, and stopped over there, visiting 69 the Capitol and other features of special interest. A stop was also made at Baltimore. While there I was requested by a representative of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, in charge of their grain eleva- tors, to go with him by tug to Locust Point, to inspect a new grain elevator Hearing completion by that system. A storm came up while we were in the unfinished building, when the wind dislodged a large plank or joist from some place above, which came down endwise within a very few inches from me — shockingly near. Reaching Philadelphia we had some pleasing opportunities there. From that city we sailed on June 11 on the American Line ship, "Pennsyl- vania." Reference to the ocean voyage and travels in Europe will be introduced elsewhere in this narrative. In addition to the specialty of information relating to the meat industry and trade and allied interests I early entered upon collection and presentation of information concerning leading crops and their disposition. In this work I developed a system serviceable in such efforts, which promoted efficiency and worthiness in attainment of results. This brought high recognition to statements made from time to time, and they were the more significant and useful because of lack at that time of official service of such class as to command fullness of confidence. From among the various notable instances of market influence of Price Current statements relating to crop conditions and available supplies, in comparison with "expert" information, from sources in- terested in market changes, an illustration will be introduced in what the Price Current offered under date June 28, 1900, in the form of a concise statement concerning the season's wheat crop situation at that time in this country and in other countries, and of available supplies of this grain of previous growth. Both winter and spring seedings of wheat in this country had been attended with adverse conditions, and speculators found an opportunity for giving undue color to the prevailing situation, present and prospectively. The information offered by the Price Current was disturbing to specula- tive interests, from its significant differences of meaning in compari- son with prevalent views and claims. In the Price Current of July 4, 1900, appeared the following, in editorial comments : "The Editor of the Price Current has endeav- ored to avoid presentation of statements of a sensational nature affecting market conditions. It appears that the facts offered by this paper a week ago were met with pronounced recognition, and were influential in encouraging some thinking among the trade in regard to the real situation of present and prospective wheat sup- 70 plies, and in arresting the undue tendency to extreme views as to influence of this country's disappointment in wheat crop results this season." Etc. The effect of the statement submitted in the Price Current of June 28 was to produce in the market a decline at once of four cents per bushel in the Chicago price of wheat. And as the season progressed the position taken in that statement was shown to have been consistent, and based upon a proper view and interpretation of conditions, independent of speculative insistence or assumptions. The Chicago prices for wheat that season were never so high after the Price Current statement as previous to its influence which brought the immediate decline. The general tendency which fol- lowed was to a lower position, under which the market lost 15 cents per bushel by the end of the calendar year. Among the comments which appeared in connection with this incident the Louisville Courier- Journal in an editorial review of the Price Current statement said: "So far as the wheat supply affects general business it will put a much better face upon affairs, if it should turn out that Mr. Murray is right. It is noticeable that his estimates are vigorously denounced by speculators, but that is some- thing which the conscientious writer and statistician always expects. It may be added that Mr. Murray's figures are worth a great deal more consideration than those of the crop experts in the employ of the Chicago speculators, as the outside public should keep in mind." The Cincinnati Enquirer offered extended comments relating to this incident, and as an illustration of work impartially performed, and influential because of its recognition for honesty of purpose and intelligence and industry in collection and presentation of important information. In its introductory expressions the Enquirer said: "If there were needed any proof of the weight of opinion of the Cincinnati Price Current in matters pertaining to the estimates and calculations in regard to the wheat crop it would have been fur- nished yesterday, when the price of wheat declined nearly four cents on its publication of the estimate of the wheat supply for the coming year. . . . There was nothing else that would cause a belief that conditions were at all better than so generally reported, and the effect of the estimates made by Mr. Murray that the marketable supply of wheat this year would be 625,000,000 was immediate and striking. No more spontaneous recognition of the honesty of pur- pose and effort to state the truth could have been afforded than that shown in the response of the market to the accepted utterances of the Cincinnati publication." Etc. 71 The Enquirer mentioned having asked me for an expression in regard to the situation that would be in the nature of an explana- tion of the causes leading to my conclusions, to which a response was given, and presented, the closing paragraph of which contained these observations : "In taking a careful survey of these conditions, and of the evidences of large reserves in this and other countries to supplement the world's wheat crop for 1900, which outside of the United States now gives promise of an aggregate equal to last year's liberal production, and in excess of the average of the past five years, it seemed to me unwarrantable that the markets should be so influenced by so-called expert statements, furnished under pay from parties who sought to get bad news for market effect, and whose investment was manifestly remunerative in results. I know that it is not promotive of friendly feeling or profitable to stand by declarations of facts and actual conditions as they are understood, but the denunciations which have arisen have not at any time dis- turbed my composure. And when I gathered together the data and reached the deductions which are credited with dropping some of the stilts from under the wheat market today I presumed that some screeching might follow." Corn crop information was a subject of my special consideration for many years. The results of systematic inquiry and treatment of returns enabled me to offer statements and deductions which were received with high consideration by persons concerned in such in- formation. Of the various estimates of the crop which were in- fluential upon market opinion and prices of this grain there was one in particular which was so widely at variance with views established under speculative influences that a remarkable break in the market position at Chicago followed immediately upon the announcement of this information. Persons having memory of the stir on the Chicago Board of Trade incident to this event will recall the ex- cited expressions of members, such as this, elsewhere quoted: "Mur- ray must have made a million by his advance possession of what his report shows." Some people judge others by themselves, or by what they see so much of in the actions of others, in the matter of yielding to monetary inducements or temptations in opportunities coming within their reach. They fail to appreciate the satisfaction there is in proper actions serving the general good. There were numerous other instances in which the Price Cur- rent information was accepted by the trade, in both grain and pro- visions, as calling for a change in speculative views, and correspond- ing effect in market prices. 72 When in Chicago in October, 1903, on being introduced by a friend to an acquaintance of his, who was an active trader on the Board of Trade, the acquaintance said: "Oh, I know Mr. Murray, to my sorrow." He had been operating speculatively in corn prices on the presumption that the Price Current information in regard to this crop could not be supported or justified by the season's results, in which he was wrong. "Old Hutch.," as B. P. Hutchinson, the great speculator, was nicknamed, was sorely disturbed by my statements in the Price Cur- rent, which occasioned such outbursts from him on one occasion in particular as to awaken apprehensions on the part of some of my friends that he would do personal violence to me on 'Change at Chicago, which I received unconcernedly, but some friends insisted on my leaving the floor with them to avoid such a possible incident, under the old man's excited state of mind. For many years annual investigations and estimates of crops of peanuts were a part of the attentions of the Price Current. This product within a limited range represented much of speculative in- terest. The Editor took occasion to suggest to the Director of the Census that this crop should be included in the reports of that office, and thereafter it so appeared, but as such information was available only once in ten years, and at such times considerably later than the year of production, it did not cover the interests of the trade in a manner represented by the Price Current reports. An interesting incident occurred one year while Norman J. Col- man was Commissioner of Agriculture, by which the Price Current announced the figures of the Department as to condition of the wheat crop one day earlier than the official promulgation of such information. Statistician J. R. Dodge was a good deal worked up over the matter, although in my announcement I distinctly stated that the advance information came from a higher source than the Statistician. Prof. Dodge, on a visit afterward to my office, made strong appeal for knowledge as to how I came into advance posses- sion of the information — but I could not inform him then without jeopardizing the interests of a person from whom it was received, but I was ready to submit the facts to an acceptable person with the understanding that the only statement from him would be as to whether I had given him proof justifying my declarations. The Commissioner was a St. Louis man, and in that market at that time was a trader largely interested in wheat speculation, whose relations with the Commissioner were intimate. Telegraphic information from Washington received by this speculator from Colman in advance of 73 its official promulgation came to my knowledge, and was published by me in advance of the Washington announcement, which appeared in my comment on wheat trade conditions in the Price Current of May 10, 1888, printed and mailed on the evening previous, in which I attributed the sharp advance in the Chicago market on that day as probably largely due to speculative knowledge of advance information concerning the Washington report, and I mentioned 72s as the expected designation, which was later verified. Statistician Dodge attempted to discredit my statement, calling it a "guess," and a "remarkable coincidence." The Commissioner never manifested any desire to have the question raised as to how I came into pos- session of the information, which was without my seeking it, or knowledge that it could be had. Other references to influential information and comment appear- ing in the Price Current will be introduced further on in this history. In 1875 the President of the local Stock Yards Company urged me to issue a live stock paper for this market — which the Price Cur- rent office was equipped for doing, and the Cincinnati Live Stock Review was the result — using matter from the Price Current for space not taken up by the special reports of the live stock market, and cards of the commission houses, etc. This arrangement continued for about seventeen years, when the dominant element in the asso- ciation of commission men decided to have a paper and reports under its own control, in order to do away with market reports of an independent and impartial nature. Some of the commission men expressed preference to continue in support of our publication, but they were tied up in the association exactions, and were thus obliged to yield to the new plan. The publication was mailed to lists paid for by the local houses. The paper was continued for some years without this support. For a few years ending with 1881 the Price Current office issued a publication under the title of The Grocers' Manual — devoted to the wholesale grocery trade under the support of the old house of J. T. Warren & Co., of which Samuel B. Warren was then the head. In 1881 the firm failed, owing me a considerable amount, mainly because of my four months of absence that year in the trip to Europe, regular current collections for this work having been omitted, pending my return, there being no apprehension of condi- tions of financial weakness of the house. The loss to me included near half a thousand dollars of cash paid for postage in mailing the publication for the Warren house, besides the printing account, toward which the dividends received were small. 74 JOYS WITHIN REACH. You needn't be rich to be happy, You needn't be famous to smile; There are joys for the poorest of toilers If only he'll think them worth while. There are blue skies and sunshine a-plenty, And blossoms for all to behold; And always the bright days outnumber The dark and the cheerless and cold. Sweet sleep's not a gift of the wealthy. And love's not alone for the great; For men to grow old and successful It isn't joy's custom to wait. The poorest of toilers has blessings His richer companions may crave; And many a man who has riches Goes sorrowing on to the grave. You'll never be happy tomorrow If you are not happy today; If you're missing the joys that are present And sighing for joys far away. The rose will not bloom any fairer In the glorious years that may be; Great riches won't sweeten its fragrance Nor help you its beauties to see. Today is the time to make merry, 'Tis folly for fortune to wait; You'll not find the skies any bluer If ever you come to be great. You'll not find your joys any brighter, No matter what fortune you win; Make the most of life's sunshine this minute. Tomorrow's too late to begin. — Edgar A. Guest. THE PARTING DEFERRED. The broken branch, grown dry, still swings Among the green and joyous leaves; And when the tree, wind-bidden, sings. It, full of autumn, only grieves. — Source unknown. 75 MY CROP REPORTING SYSTEMS. When I took up work in offering information relating to leading crops, particularly as to wheat and corn, I undertook to make sys- tematic investigation and application of information received, in a manner to secure as much of reliability in deductions as could be reached from the approximate estimates which I could undertake or expect, to procure. For the regular procedure in such work I took into the reckoning the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, for wheat and corn production — and at appropriate times in the season Michigan, Wisconsin, Ken- tucky and Tennessee, and the Northwest. For the seven States first named I planned nine territorial divi- sions for each of them — sections 1, 2 and 3 to represent the western one-third of the State, from north to south; 4, 5, and 6 the central third, from north to south; 7, 8 and 9 the eastern third. I took official figures of area and of yields for wheat and for corn for counties in each of the several divisions, thus getting the compara- tive significance of the region in reckonings for the State. The variations in such particulars made it essential to give recognition to these features to secure a proper basis for calculations. This may be illustrated by taking, for instance, an indicated proportion of the whole area of the State for the specified crop, and the normal yield of the crop for that region. These factors will serve as a basis in application of what is found to be the relative situation for the crop under consideration. It is obvious to the observer that a section of relatively small significance in production of a product having a high condition at time of observation as to yield should not have the same weight in the reckoning as another section of great significance in area and high normal yield when the condition situation may be low under adverse influences. Correct conclusions cannot be reached otherwise. In publishing from week to week the reports currently received from correspondents I had attached to each report the section num- ber — 1 representing the northwestern, 2 the westcentral, 3 the south- western, 4 the northcentral, 5 the central, 6 the southcentral, 7 the northeastern, 8 the eastcentral, 9 the southeastern. With such des- ignation accompanying the report the reader could readily under- stand what section the report was from, the naming of a county in 76 connection with the town from which the report comes not being suggestive of the regional district. In mailing inquiries from week to week to correspondents I had five Hsts made for each State, one for each week for five weeks, then repeating— each list representing the dififerent sections, or re- gions, in the States, but from localities not shown for the other lists for the same sections. A careful reading of a limited number of returns thus received and presented, especially when followed up from week to week, gave an intelligent idea as to the sectional con- ditions and general situation. No others have used this simple and instructive method in presenting crop information. Correspondents of the Price Current who furnished crop infor- mation were of no particular class, but represented dififerent classes — farmers, merchants, shippers, bankers, and some others, regarded as capable of offering worthy reports. To some extent inquiries were addressed to local observers of the Weather Bureau, and at times of making some special investigations inquiries were also ad- dressed to subscribers of the Price Current in regions from which information was desired. Copies of the paper were mailed to non- subscribers at times when their reports appeared, but not regularly for all issues — it being my policy in efforts for securing impartial information of such nature that there should not be offered that which would be equivalent to pay for service, relying on the in- terest of the correspondent in having his region properly reported to make him willing or glad to furnish the information asked for. In the application of crop condition information to a statement indicating the existing situation in its meaning in outlook, when con- sidered with reference to quantitative results, it was my practice to base such deductions upon the evident possibilities under subsequent seasonal influences of an ordinary or usual nature, not deeming that an extraordinary condition, of which nothing can be foreseen or foretold, has a place in such reckonings. At certain early periods the average condition may be later carried to a higher point through favorableness in bringing into development that which was tardy and with uncertain showing at an early period, and which situation had an influence upon the estimate given as to condition. A fire is not to be counted upon in destruction of property until it occurs ; so a crop loss by hail, or drought, or other influences of a de- structive nature, liable to occur, may not occur, the chances being against the occurrence, therefore such features do not properly have a standing in calculations as to crop possibilities. The possi- bility in the case is the feature of significance for recognition. 77 AS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE EXECUTIVE. In 1891, when I had been conducting editorial and statistical work for nearly twenty years, there was a prospective vacancy in the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce service, in the position tech- nically designated as Superintendent — the Executive Secretary. I was tendered the appointment, or rather was elected to the position without consultation with me, by the Board of Directors at its reg- ular meeting in October of that year. I had made no application for the position, which, however, was sought by seven other persons. But my journalistic and statistical work had brought such recogni- tion as to induce those in authority who had responsibility for fill- ing the vacancy to regard myself the most fitting for the place. The acceptance of this service brought an increase of exactions on my part, if an increase in performance was really possible, for I was accustomed to pursue work to near the limit of available powers. The provisions of the bylaws of the Chamber of Commerce called for an annual election of the Superintendent by the Board of Directors. In referring to such action upon one of these occasions the Cincinnati Enquirer in its comments said: "The re-election of Superintendent Charles B. Murray by a unanimous vote will not be received by any degree of surprise by members of the Chamber. The honest and earnest work of Mr. Murray, devoid of any incen- tive or motive other than for the good of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and the city of Cincinnati, receives this substantial recognition at the hands of the succeeding Boards year after year, and the same unanimity would prevail were the question of his re- election put to the membership at large." Previous to my appointment as Superintendent I was five times elected a member of Boards of Directors, without seeking such con- ditions. My position in the Chamber of Commerce continued until the end of May, 1911, covering a period a little short of twenty years. I remained a month longer, in an unofficial capacity, to complete some unfinished work. The changes in administration from year to year in such an organization widens the opportunities for knowledge of the varying phases and forms of character of persons thus brought into a situa- tion of authority. The office of Superintendent had its features of 78 responsibility in executive or directing authority, sometimes of diffi- cult nature, in dealings with men whose selfishness of attitude led to unpleasant controversy between themselves and fellow members. On many occasions I was called upon to determine questions and disputes arising between members. In reaching conclusions and decisions my aim was to secure proper knowledge of matters in- volved for guidance, and then to act in line with my understanding as to what was called for and consistent with propriety. Impartial and appropriate action was the governing feature. I thus received credit and reputation for fairness and satisfactory solution in mat- ters thus arising in a manner that brought gratification on my part. Of the many instances of dispute between members of the Chamber of Commerce calling for my action as Superintendent there was one of peculiar nature and of much importance in connection with an entry on the sales book on 'Change during the regular ses- sion. This was in November, 1904. The Superintendent was ad- vised by the clerk in charge of the sales book that an entry of sales of whisky had been challenged. Under the rules this called for investigation, which satisfied the Superintendent that the evidence made it appear that the entry was in accordance with transactions, and he ordered it to stand. The whisky quotations on the sales book represented basis prices agreed upon in the distilling trade which should determine the market prices of the various kinds of spirit products under the general sales designation of whisky. Re- ports were daily made to a party agreed upon, who consolidated them and telephoned to the Exchange the number of barrels which the transactions of the day represented, and the basis price. To illustrate the meaning of the "basis price," the market price of alco- hol, for instance, had a specific relation to or variation from the basis price; likewise of gin, rum, brandy, and the various other spirit products — each one of which was fixed at an adopted varia- tion from the basis price, at a different specified variation. There were in this market a class of distillers known as independent con- cerns, and another class as trust interests, the "independent" op- erators largely predominating at that time. The importance of the Cincinnati whisky quotation was in the fact that it governed the prices in markets elsewhere. Regulations in the whisky trade pro- vided that the current market price should' be determined by ma- jority figures of quantities reported in sales transactions. In the instance here referred to there had been an entry in the usual way of 1,250 barrels at $1.24 per gallon as the basis price. The entry which was the subject of challenge was 146 barrels, at $1.23 per 79 gallon, reported by the "trust" interest. It was alleged by the pro- testing parties that the larger proportion of transactions represented by the entry of 146 barrels, at a decline of one cent per gallon, had not in fact been made upon reductions corresponding with the low- ered basis price reported, and that it was a case of irregularity in reporting sales, and not entitled to recognition in the record. The Superintendent knew of no precedent in the history of the Asso- ciation as a guide to a decision in this case. There had been none. The issue was in connection with a conflict between the whisky trust and the independent distilling interests. The Superintendent had to be governed by the question as to whether the entry was made to serve a proper purpose or not. He held that it was not for a proper purpose, and treated the record accordingly. His de- cision reviewed with fullness the attending conditions, the evidence introduced, and the reasons for the conclusions reached. There was an appeal to the Board of Directors from the Superintendent's de- cision. There was no attempt to dispute the ground taken by the Superintendent that the entry was not such as to serve a proper purpose. There was no claim made of injury to the interests of the reporting party by the entry being made void. In the argument by the Superintendent before the Board of Directors, following the appeal and argument of the contesting party, there was such fullness and clearness of grounds for the decision that the Board, in execu- tive session, approved the finding of the Superintendent by unani- mous vote. This case is mentioned as illustrating the nature of some of the controversies and disputes between members of the Chamber of Commerce. A similar misuse of the sales record of whisky was at- tempted in 1910, but the position taken by the Superintendent in rejecting the entry was not made a subject for trial action. In another case, which was one of complaint of misconduct filed by one member against another, for statements of a false nature and damaging in effect, a trial of which by the Board of Directors re- sulted in a verdict of guilty, the case was carried into court. The Superintendent was the subject of preliminary interrogatories by the attorney of the party found guilty, which were shaped in form to serve a purpose in proceedings on the part of the lawyer before a court. The questions included one as to whether he had seen the ballots cast by members of the Board by which the verdict was reached. His reply was that he had not, the question in the form in which it was put being understood by the Superintendent to mean whether he had "seen" what appeared on the ballots or not, and not 8o having reference to the pieces of paper used for the purpose. In proceedings in the court action, when the Superintendent in an ill condition of health and incident weakness was kept in the witness chair an unmerciful length of time, he was at one juncture called upon to make a statement which implied knowledge as to what dis- position had been made of the ballots. Upon conclusion of the trial before the Board of Directors the Superintendent had gathered up the ballots where they had been handled, and put them into an en- velope and sealed it, without any knowledge as to what appeared on any of these pieces of paper, thus becoming the custodian of them, in accordance with his ofHcial duty. The lawyer in court laid great emphasis upon the fact that in the first instance the Superin- tendent had testified that he "had not seen" the ballots, and now said he was in possession of them. Thus the lawyer in an uncon- scionable way endeavored to discredit the testimony of the Superin- tendent. The action of the Chamber of Commerce Board of Di- rectors was sustained by the court. This case in court trials, and illustration of infamous attitude liable to be assumed by men in pleading in a bad cause, was an interesting although undesirable ex- perience, serving as a lesson as to what a smart and unscrupulous lawyer can do in an attempt to overcome honesty and propriety of testimony. Among the many cases before the Standing Committees of the Chamber of Commerce was one relating to sale of a car of grain by one member to another, to be settled for on weights furnished by the official weigher. The seller was presented with a certificate of weight of the contents of the car, which gave figures representing the weight of cleaned grain and the separate weight of material rejected. The seller refused to accept the certificate of weight of such unusual form, and claimed settlement upon the shipper's weight. The buyer insisted on settlement in accordance with the certificate. The committee to which the case was referred held that the certificate was not regular, and ordered that it be canceled, whereupon the buyer carried the case to the next higher committee, which approved the previous finding. Then it went to the committee on arbitration, and it was again sustained. From this it was carried to the committee of appeals, which was the final court, with power to confirm, modify or reverse the awards or findings of the committee of arbitration, its findings being final and binding under the rules, and not subject to being set aside or revised by any other tribunal of the Association. The decision of the committee of arbitration was reversed, which implied that all the findings from the beginning 8i of the case before reaching the committee of appeals were wrong. Not only this, but the committee of appeals, only one-third of its list of fifteen members constituting a quorum for procedure, under the rules, assumed to direct that the canceled certificate of weight should be reissued, which position taken was not within the pro- vince of the committee — and some other features of a nature in- consistent with the established regulations. The party claiming the right to demand adjusthient upon weights representing separated quantities and not the contents of the car as delivered, and which claim had been disapproved by the various committees before reach- ing the committee of appeals, was an effective pleader before such a trial body, while on the other side there was lack of such smart- ness in influential power displayed. The findings and attitude taken by the small number of members of the final committee was a singular illustration of the variance in views liable to be taken among individuals in their consideration of questions arising in dis- putes and interpretations of rules governing cases in such connection. Incident to my service as Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce a local concern which had filed a claim against a railroad company for damage occurring to a shipment of hay in its trans- portation, representing a large loss, I was asked if I would pass upon the case as arbitrator, which I consented to do, under joint request from both the shipping and the transportation interests. Careful investigation was made as to conditions attending the ship- ment. It developed that there had been stormy weather and snow during the movement of the shipment, and that when the hay ar- rived at destination it was not in merchantable condition, and was rejected by the buyer. A portion of the lot was reshipped else- where, in efforts at disposing of it. The finding of the arbitrator in this case, involving many hundreds of dollars in the issue, was accepted, with expressions of satisfaction and appreciation, by both parties. It was a rare instance in which both sides in interest were pleased at or satisfied with the findings of an arbitrator. During the consideration of this hay case the Superintendent learned of an interesting and suggestive incident in connection with the handling of hay. A local concern, on receiving a consignment of hay from an interior point in Ohio, found it, or much of it, to be in damaged condition. It was unloaded and stored in warehouse. The shipper on being advised of the bad condition of the consign- ment refused to believe that it could be so. It followed that he came to Cincinnati, finding that the report made to him was correct. But he failed to understand how such a change in condition of the 82 hay, manifestly sound when loaded, could have occurred. Investi- gation brought out the fact that the car into which the hay was loaded had arrived at the shipping station with fertilizer material, and had been washed out before the loading of the hay, but evidently had not become fully dry. The moisture absorbing quality of hay and the influence of high temperature of the atmosphere combined to bring results which were not regarded as possible in such ship- ments. Among the complaints from nonmembers of the Chamber of Commerce against its members was one from a London house, who had a contract for a quantity of clover seed. Before the date set for shipment the market advanced and the seed was not shipped. In the trial of the case there was no dispute as to the contract, but a claim that the banking arrangements were not sufficient. The committee upon careful consideration of the evidence decided in favor of the London purchaser for a considerable sum, which the market advance and failure to comply with the contract called for. These few instances illustrate in a measure how controversies arise in trade matters. In the performance of official duties in the Chamber of Com- merce service there were some incidents of an unpleasant nature. Among these was a complaint made by a chairman of a standing committee that the Superintendent had been in collusion with parties who were furnishing certain information to the Chamber, with ac- tions alleged to be inconsistent and detrimental to the interests of the Chamber. On learning of this the Superintendent brought charges against the member of the Board for making false allega- tions. The official endeavored to justify his insinuations as to ac- tions of the Superintendent, but was ultimately obliged to apologize for having made the false statements. A large proportion of questions submitted by the local Chamber of Commerce for appearance in the lists of subjects for considera- tion at the National Board of Trade meetings were prepared by the Superintendent during the period of my official service. They cov- ered many questions of public nature. In 1895 I was requested to make a report upon matters relating to the Miami and Erie Canal, between Toledo and Cincinnati, cov- ering features applicable to the question of expediency of inaugu- rating a change in the carrying capacity of this water course, by which it might be made adaptable to the advantageous movement of freights, northward and southward, not only to the extent of the canal, but also to include continuous movement without breaking 83 bulk, northward through the lakes, and southward through the Ohio River. Matters to be considered were the probable volume and kind of freights that would come within the scope of such transportation facilities ; the economy likely to be shown in such movement in comparison with railway transportation; and its influence on the industries of the region concerned. An elaborate report was made and submitted. This action was incident to a request addressed to the President of the Chamber of Commerce from Hiram M. Chit- tenden, First Lieutenant of Engineers, U. S. A., in charge of cer- tain surveys for canal routes connecting Lake Erie and the Ohio River, it being desired to secure views from commercial bodies and others as to the probable value of such a canal to the interests of the country through which it would pass. The Mayor had appointed a committee of citizens to co-operate with the Chamber of Commerce and other bodies in taking such action as the important questions involved in such movement called for, and this committee joined in the request that the Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce undertake the work of preparing a report. When completed it was read at a meeting attended by Chamber of Commerce representa- tives and the committee appointed by the Mayor, and approved. In this work a large amount of industrial and transportation informa- tion was secured, and presented in comprehensive form. In 1903, under request from Hon. Theodore E. Burton, M. C, for a statement relating to the commerce of the Ohio River, and a large extent of collateral information, I entered upon the investiga- tion necessary for compliance with the request. The report when completed was elaborate, in its extent of details, comparisons, and other information, which particulars were covered by the questions presented. Both river and railroad transportation questions and comparisons were involved, and also navigation and river improve- ments, and many other propositions. My work received high com- mendation from the persons who had knowledge of it. In the presentation of the details of information called for there were 46 questions. They related to the total of Ohio River freight tonnage annually, and the Cincinnati share of such freight; the com- bined freight tonnage of the Ohio River and tributaries ; freight rates on the Ohio River, and comparisons with railroad rates; freight rates from Cincinnati to other points, by classes, with distances ; estimated percentage decrease in river freight rates that would re- sult from a permanent navigable stage of water, and the advantage to the public of such accomplishment in river improvement; the passenger traffic of the Ohio River; the average number of days per 84 year during which the river is navigable under existing conditions, at a specified minimum stage ; number of days per year during which navigation on the river is impeded by ice; what existing bridges are an impediment to Ohio River navigation, and suggestions as to changes; estimate of cost of improving the Ohio River, incident to the plan for movable dams ; cost of annual maintenance of movable dams, on a 6 and 9 feet stage basis, including care and repair; esti- mate of the life of movable dams, or number of years within which they would have to be rebuilt; existing tendency of Ohio River freight rates to increase or decrease, and of railway rates between points on the Ohio River; extent of freights on the Ohio River reshipped to points or localities not immediately on the river ; opinion as to whether reshipment rates to remote points would be increased or decreased by an improved stage of water, and to what extent; average cost of cartage from landings to industrial establishments, warehouses, or other points of destination, at Cincinnati; switching charges for transferring freight from one railroad to another; extent to which freight shipped by river at Cincinnati would be increased by location of a lock giving a permanent stage of water at this point; comparative time for transportation by boat and by rail be- tween Pittsburg and Cincinnati ; like comparisons from Pittsburg to New Orleans and points on the Lower Mississippi, and to what extent time is a factor in shipment and delivery of freight carried on the river; average time for single boats, and for coal fleets of average number of boats or barges, at high stage of water, from Pittsburg to Cincinnati and to Cairo ; time for similar trips at low water, if the river be improved by locks and dams ; same as to upstream navigation ; proportionate cost of trips at high and at low water, with an improved river; probable increase in number of days of navigable water by utilization of water stored in the pools, in case the river should be improved by locks and dams to a point below Marietta, and at the mouth of the leading tributaries; total tonnage, rail and water, received at and shipped from Cincinnati ; directions and leading terminal points to and from which Cincinnati freight is shipped or received, by rail and by water, and tendencies in such matters; share or percentage of Cincinnati freight for which the Ohio River would be a competing agency for transportation; general facts with reference to quality of freight shipped in different directions, and any general tendencies apparent ; as to which are in- creasing most rapidly, shipments by rail or by water; share of coal consumed at Cincinnati received by water and by rail; rail rates to points on the Ohio River as compared with rates to cities equidis- 85 tant not located on the river; differences in railway rates at different seasons of the year, under influence of different conditions of the river; relative increase or decrease in coal carried by the Ohio River and by rail, and rates for same for five and ten years; direction from Cincinnati in which shipments or receipts are increasing most rapidly; explanations as to certain specifications in reports of U. S. Engineers; relative proportion of coal from the Monongahela and from the Kanawha and other streams below, shipped down the Ohio River to lower points upon the river and to the Mississippi River; tendency in regard to proportion of coal from the different streams; extent to which prices of coal have been lowered by improvements already made in the Ohio River and by removal of tolls in the Monongahela River, and anticipated extent to which prices would be lowered by 6 and 9 feet stages respectively ; work pro j ected in the Ohio River improvement regarded as most important, bearing in mind the unfinished work on the dams below Pittsburg, and the proposition for enlarged harbor room at and below Pittsburg; total approximate consumption of coal at Cincinnati, and proportions for domestic and industrial uses; share of coal consumed at Cincinnati that comes by rail and by water; receipts and shipments of coal by river at and from Cincinnati, stated separately; rates on coal by rail and by river from principal points of supply; as to whether such rates are uniform throughout the year, or variable with the condi- tion of the river. In addition to this list supplementary information was asked for by Mr. Burton, representing nineteen questions — which will not be here enumerated. The specifications which I have given indicate the great scope and wide extent of information called for by Mr. Burton, and which I was to make replies to. The task was a somewhat laborious one. I have regretted that the economy sentiment of the Chamber of Commerce at that time precluded the printing of the exhaustive re- port, as a record, for reference and public information. Typewrit- ten copies of the report were furnished to Mr. Burton, the president of the Chamber of Commerce, and to a few others especially in- terested in such information in its comprehensive form. But its significance, and the extent of research which it reflected, deserved a better fate. These and all other special and exacting labors on the part of the Chamber of Commerce Executive were performances for which no remuneration other than the fixed salary was received. Throughout the last twenty-three years of the membership of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce in the National Board of Trade, 86 until termination of the membership, I was each year appointed one of the delegates to its meetings, representing our local body. These appointments came to me without request or solicitation, and when our Chamber withdrew its membership I had the longest record of continuous yearly attendance as a delegate at these meetings. I was made chairman of the committee on crop reports, and so re-ap- pointed, during a period of many years, until discontinuance of the Chamber of Commerce membership. I was also called into action with many other committees. Until his death in September, 1901, Frederick Fraley of Philadelphia was yearly elected President of the National Board of Trade, notwithstanding the fact that infirm- ities of the body precluded his attendance for several of the late years. He was 97 years and 4 months of age when his life ended, closing the career of one of the most remarkable men of his time in this country. On receiving a telegram from his brother imme- diately following his death my reply was in these words : "And so has gone out at last the bright light which Frederick Fraley's long presence has shed with exceptional radiance upon the younger gen- erations, leaving none to fill his place with equal luster." I made the trip to Philadelphia for attendance at the funeral. I was subse- quently officially requested to prepare a memorial paper relating to Frederick Fraley, for submission at the annual meeting of the Na- tional Board of Trade, which I have felt to be one of the highest of compliments accorded to me. His loving friendship was a pro- found satisfaction to me. During the entire period of my service in the official position in the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, as its Executive Secretary, under the title of Superintendent, I had the continued assistance in the office work of two persons who were there at the time of my entering upon these duties — one who had previously been assistant to the Chief Clerk, whose death occurred just prior to this time, under which circumstance it became my province to fill the vacancy, which was done by appointment of the Assistant as the Chief Clerk. The other was the Stenographer and Assistant Accountant. Both were masters of matters within their spheres. The Chief Clerk was a highly accomplished accountant, and commanded fullness and clearness of understandings relating to the financial and allied in- terests of the Association, and was a thoroughly reliable and faithful guardian of such interests so far as they came within his jurisdic- tion. The Stenographer, who was closely identified with the specific office work within my special personal charge, was of distinguishing assistance, for the ability, efficiency and accuracy with which she 87 accomplished the work she had occasion to perform. Such aid was of great importance in its character, not only in its feature of strength to myself in my endeavors and responsibilities, but also to the advantage of the Association, the interests of which were thus scrupulously and intelligently conserved. It was a matter of great satisfaction to me that no occasion arose during my long term of service by which there was necessity for introducing others to fill these positions held by persons whose qualifications and acquired familiarity with the features of the situation made their continuance so highly desirable. Following my retirement from the official posi- tion I received written expressions of their appreciation of the con- siderate bearing toward them on my part, during our long and in- timate official relations, accompanied with words of affectionate sen- timent and interest, which are cherished among the friendships with which I have been favored, and tributes bestowed upon me. These persons were George S. Bradbury and Margaret A. Daly. The Chief Engineer of the Chamber of Commerce resigned his position within the first year of my official service, to return to his former home at Auburn, New York. His successor, under my appointment, John H. Mitchell, retired after eleven years of service, incident to a desire to get out of engine room conditions. His as- sistant, Alva G. Harden, then in service for six years, was made Chief Engineer, by my appointment, which position he held until the destruction of the building by fire, in 1911. These persons today are among the warmest of my personal friends. They were high class men every way, capable and faithful in the responsible positions they held, in charge of the operation of the plant of the great Chamber of Commerce Building. The Chief Engineers were practical electricians, and were in general charge of the great plant in its features of light and heating equipment. They are now both in command of highly responsible positions. In the architectural plan of the Chamber of Commerce Building, in order to avoid supporting columns in the Exchange Hall, the floors above the ceiling of the hall (which represented the fifth floor), were supported by steel rods from the truss structure of the attic, supporting the roof — ^the fifth, sixth and seventh floors having rooms for business purposes, surrounding an open space in the area above the Exchange Hall, the ceiling of which was glass. When the Directors leased the sixth and seventh floors, with limited privileges in the attic, in 1902, to the Business Men's Club, the inside open space was floored over above the fifth floor, and the sixth and sev- enth floors were changed so as to conform to the needs of the Club. 88 On the evening of January 10, 1911, a fire occurred in the kitchen of the Club, on the seventh floor, connecting with the attic, which was attempted to be extinguished by the attaches and others of the Club, but got under such headway as to be beyond their control, extending to the attic quarters, and finally creating a condition of heat by which the steel work supporting the roof and the floors below became buckled, and a collapse occurred, carry all of the cen- tral portion of the interior to the basement, without warning. This occurred early in the evening, a little after 8 o'clock. There were six lives lost — two in the engine room service, three in an office room, who were on the point of departing, one of whom tarried to use the telephone, causing their delay, the sixth being a young press reporter, who rushed into the building a moment before the crash, and went down with it. This appalling incident brought gloom to our citizens — for the lives lost, and the destruction of the most notable work of architec- ture in Cincinnati. This grand building, erected by the Chamber of Commerce Association, had been occupied twenty-two years, and was supposed to be proof against destruction other than by light- ning. The uses made of the attic which resulted in this disaster were not dreamed of in the architectural plans of construction. Had this collapse occurred at midday hundreds of persons in the Ex- change Hall would have had their existence snufifed out without a moment of warning — and the writer of this most likely would have been one of the number. There had come into the Chamber of Commerce official life an element of a scheming nature, with reference to changes in its af- fairs, and there were evidences that the plan contemplated retire- ment of the Executive then in his twentieth year of service. The destruction of the building was made use of in such scheme, by assumptions introducing the pretence that out of consideration for this Executive, held in esteem by the membership, it was proposed to relieve him of other than statistical and allied duties, without lessening of salary, but not of retirement. Subsequent events made it appear that this was a pretext, and not consistent with sincerity of declaration. Five months after the incident here mentioned my service with the Chamber of Commerce came to a close, covering a period a little short of twenty years. In the Price Current of March 28, 1912, the following expression was presented : In the report of the President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce relating to incidents within the Association affairs in 1911 89 appear these expressions : "During the past year it was found nec- essary to secure the services of a new Superintendent. It was with extreme regret that the Directors recognized that the work devolving upon the Superintendent, especially by reason of the changed condi- tions incident to the loss of our building and negotiations for a new home, were becoming too arduous for our former Superintendent and Executive Secretary, Charles B. Murray. I desire at this time to pay a formal tribute to the worth of Mr. Murray as a man in our midst and as an Official of the Chamber of Commerce. For nearly twenty years he served the organization faithfully, and more than any one ,man contributed to its upbuilding and the spread of its name abroad. He helped to place it in its commanding position, and gained for his work and the work of the Chamber of Com- merce, which were for so many years almost inseparably united, a recognition of the utmost importance. The debt to Mr. Murray is one that cannot be paid in words." The tribute part of this language from the Chamber of Com- merce President I have regarded as written in fullness of sincerity. But other expressions in the statement, in the light of what experi- ences were developed, were susceptible of being understood as fur- nishing a cover to conditions which were not reflected in the lan- guage used, and not intended to be stated. The expressions here quoted appeared in the Price Current, and were followed by these observations : "Twenty years of official service as Executive Secretary of such an organization as the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, following five terms of membership in its Boards of Directors, furnish occa- sion for experiences and observations which bring to light both com- mendable and questionable characteristics of men. Far advanced now in age the person here mentioned finds occasion to look over the past in his associations with men in such official relations with cherished memories which will be enduring to the end, of the con- fidences, the friendships, the respect, which have been accorded to him, by persons he has found it a privilege to know and to hold in fullness of esteem, for their worthiness." Late in my administration a retiring president, who was honored with a banquet by his friends, in his expressions in appreciation of the occasion made allusion to the Executive Secretary, saying, as he pointed to me, "There is the best man I ever knew." That was enough to move the emotional nature of a susceptible heart. Many of the most gratifying of my friendships were found among men with whom I came into official contact. But selfish and 90 scheming men find their way into associations which such an organ- ization affords, and from time to time in the Chamber of Commerce more or less of upsetting of existing conditions was attempted or brought aboiit. The reaching of positions of power of authority on the part of some individuals has seemed to unbalance their sense of reason, and judgment, and feelings of toleration, to a degree difficult to understand, in such affairs. It is needless to introduce specifications as to instances occurring in our organization, within my observation and experience. Upon familiarizing myself with the business situation in the workings of the Chamber of Commerce I found opportunities for lessening outlays in various instances without impairing efficiency. There was a "head janitor," under large pay, whose service was dispensed with. There were various other needless arrangements and outlays, which were appropriately adjusted. Thus there was an early readjustment by which the expense account record for em- ployment was reduced $5,000 in the yearly total in comparison with what had immediately preceded my administration. This included the considerable cut in my own pay, which I had accepted under the non-interference assured to me in regard to continuance of atten- tions to my publishing affairs. But "economy" became the slogan in annual election campaigns — and new officials easily assumed it as a duty to reduce expenses, centering attentions upon opportunities in salary accounts. In one instance there was an insistence that a perpendicular cut of 10 per cent should be made in pay of all the service. I pleaded against this, insisting that it would be an injustice and hardship to those whose pay was already low or small, not- withstanding the percentage reduction in such cases implied only small amounts. I insisted that there was no instance of excessive pay, and said that if no reduction would be applied to the others I would accept the proposed 10 per cent cut in my own pay, which had been reduced 20 per cent in comparison with the preceding allowance for such service, while there was not a curtailment in effective accomplishment. My proposition was adopted; no restora- tion afterward occurred. "In many fields the glib utterance of compre- hensive and mouth-filling catchwords is the sure mark of shallowness." 91 OCCURRENCES AND INCIDENTS. The items which will follow will represent in a measure an illus- tration of the many incidents constantly arising in the course of journalistic experiences and in the official relations to an organiza- tion in which is centered business interests, as well as some of the passing features in the operations of a commission merchant, such as came within my career. In my life in editorial work and in the Chamber of Com- merce service I found occasion for doing a large extent of labor in the interest of others for which there was no pecuniary return. Much of this had compensation in the satisfaction experienced in having rendered useful performance, under conditions which might or might not justify a usual reckoning in a commercial way for such labors. Among the members of the Chamber of Commerce was a man far along in years who was reduced in his resources, and was in uncertain conditions of physical strength. He was a broker in a certain line of products which had become the subject of reduced trading through brokerage service, by direct negotiations. In a con- versation one day between myself and another member on 'Change there was occasion for sympathetic allusion to this man and his situation, and an expression was made that he ought to be provided with means by which he could get into the Old Men's Home. He was a widower. It was proposed to present his case to a man of large resources, who promptly signified readiness to furnish the money if his admission to the Home could be secured. He was a frail, nervous person, at that time, and when the day came that he was to appear before the man whose province it was to pass upon such application for the institution he braced himself with a drink of whisky, before making the call, the smell of which occasioned his being turned down by the man upon whom he called. My asso- ciate in this case and myself were chagrined at what had occurred, but we eventually accomplished the object of our endeavors, and until his death he had a good home. One morning, while at my desk in the Price Current office, years ago, an old man hobbled into the room, on a crutch. I found that he was an old-time acquaintance, whom I had not seen for sev- eral years. He explained that seven years previously, when he 92 wag about seventy-five years of age, he had fallen, and fractured his hip, in a manner to prevent his getting around for a long time. He had been a job printer for fifty years, but was obliged to give up his business by his accident. He and his wife had found a home with relatives. They had reached a point of exhaustion of what resources they had, and inability of the relatives to longer maintain help in the case. He wanted to secure a fund of six hundred dol- lars, which would enable himself and wife to get into the Home for Old Folks, on Walnut Hills. He came to ask me, as a personal acquaintance, how he could best proceed to present his case to a man of great wealth in our city, whom he named, for help in his needful situation. He said that he had been told that this man, whom I will designate as Mr. A., did much in helping needy persons. I told him I knew Mr. A. well, and our acquaintance covered many years, and with his knowledge of myself I felt that his case would be more likely to receive favorable consideration if I were to present it than for him to make a i)ersonal appeal. He requested me to do this, and I wrote to Mr. A. explanatory of the case, and said that if he could aid in providing the necessary fund for the needy couple it would be worthily bestowed. He sent his confidential man to see me promptly, who said Mr. A. wanted such further information in the case as I could furnish, and that Mr. A. did not feel inclined to as- sume the whole amount. He said for me to see him on 'Change, which I did, on the following day, when I was told to remind him later, when his contribution would be needed. Subsequently I wrote to him saying there remained one hundred and fifty dollars to com- plete the fund, and I would be glad to receive such amount as he felt warranted in contributing. He sent a check for twenty dollars. In my surprise and disappointment I made a written appeal for a more liberal amount, suggesting fifty dollars at least. The next day he came to me on 'Change, and said: "Mr. Murray, you have the dictinction of being the first and only person to express to me dis- satisfaction at what I have done in the way of a contribution." When I first addressed him I also wrote to another man of wealth, with whom I was well acquainted, mentioning this case of need, and his prompt reply was: "If this couple should be accepted by the Home I will be glad to send you my check for one hundred dollars." And he did so. This man had a habit of aiding persons whom he found to be in straitened or needy conditions by sending checks signed "Sunshine." This was done without conveying any- thing indicating his identity with such incidents. It has been said that there were many beneficiaries of these acts which gave special 93 pleasure to the anonymous donor. He had secured no copyright on this righteous plan. It has seemed to me that persons having great resources of wealth should welcome information as to opportunities for acts serv- ing to afiford deserving aid or needy relief, and that there should be a sense of gratitude when a person of known sincerity and worthi- ness of confidence should be able to make known such opportunities. It is difficult to understand how the sense of pleasure derived from accumulation can be held as above that of the joy to be had in ap- plication of the power at command for promotion of the welfare of fellowbeings. In the work of the National Board of Trade our citizen and prominent member of the Chamber of Commerce, John A. Gano, was notably conspicuous, during a period of many years, and his personal relations to the president of the national organization, Fred- erick Fraley, were very cordial. On the occasion of the celebration of the ninetieth birthday anniversary of Mr. Fraley Mr. Gano had the delegates of the Chamber of Commerce in attendance upon the meeting of the National Board early in that year called together, to consider the question of offering a testimonial to Mr. Fraley. Mr. Gano and myself were named as a committee to act. I was asked to see an expensive loving cup which Gano had fixed his mind upon. I did not agree with him in this form of testimonial — my thought being that words of true sentiment from us in written form would be prized above any gift of such a token as a loving cup. The others of the delegates agreed with me, and it was decided that Gano should prepare the expression to be thus forwarded. When it came before us for approval, instead of appearing in the penmanship of Mr. Gano, for signatures, as expected, it was in illuminated form, in water-color work of the distinguished artist, Grafton. There were expressions of disappointment and disapproval, which offended Gano, and he declined to present the big bill of Grafton for his work, declaring that he would himself assume it. President Fraley had suffered such loss of eyesight as to preclude his seeing the work of art. Over a year later one of these delegates mentiond to me an amusing incident that had occurred in connection with his final set- tlement with Gano of a prorata share of the cost of the Grafton work. When I learned that Gano had accepted this member's check I sent mine for a like amount, by mail. It was returned to me, with a comment written thereon, reflecting a condition of temper which too much prevailed in the disposition of this highly worthy man, when others disagreed with him. 94 I had an earlier tilt, so to speak, with Gano. The question of conversion of the canal entering and within our city into a boulevard or driveway was receiving considerable attention, and an article I had offered in the Price Current was sharply criticised by him, in an anonymous communication from him, which I published, with analysis and comment that made him feel very sore, and angry. A regretful feature in his bearing was a lack of consideration or toleration for those who did not agree with him — a characteristic much too prevalent, unfortunately. One year when I was a member of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce a complaint from one member against another for failure to comply with a contract was filed. The com- plainant was a forceful speaker and pleader, and presented his case in such light as to carry conviction on the part of listeners, that such failure had occurred. At the conclusion the vote by ballot showed only one opposing vote on the question of guilt. I rose, and ad- dressed the members of the Board, pointing out reasons why a decision of guilt in this case would be a wrong to a young business man in good standing, in beclouding his name by an official mark of guilt, based upon a questionable technicality as to obligations. The vote by ballot was reconsidered, and another ballot taken, which was unanimously in favor of the defendant in the case. As a matter of fact the feature of guilt belonged to the complainant. At that time there were daily grain calls on 'Change. An offer on call of No. 2 winter wheat was accepted by a local miller. When grain was ten- dered on the contract it proved to not be such as was understood by the trade in this market as No. 2 winter grain, although passed under such grading by the inspector. It was Kansas grown Turkey wheat, a hard winter product, then having a market value lower than red winter wheat, which the buyer in this case claimed he had a right to receive, and a right to decline to receive wheat of different quality, and not adapted to the flour-producing machinery for which he bought winter wheat. The selling party took advantage of knowl- edge that a car of Kansas Turkey hard wheat had passed local in- spection as No. 2 winter grade, when in fact it was not, the in- spector not knowing what else to grade it, and relying on this grad- ing the seller endeavored to enforce upon the buyer the grain he could secure at a discount figure, and when the buyer refused to accept the imposition the guilty seller endeavored to have punishment inflicted upon him. The Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors for 1883-84, of which I was a member, had a case for consideration under a 95 complaint of misconduct, filed by Richard Smith and Murat Hal- stead, of the Commercial Gazette, against John R. McLean, of the Enquirer, based upon statements which had appeared in the En- quirer. Smith and McLean were before the Board, and at the con- clusion of the hearing a committee of three of its members was appointed to receive further testimony, and to report to the Board its recommendations. I was one of the committee. Our report to the Board was approved, but it was not to the liking of Richard Smith, and he made vile declarations, forgetful of truthfulness and decency, using unquotable language concerning the report and the Board. The Commercial Gazette had an editorial relating to this case that Richard Smith was obliged to apologize for to the Board of Directors. I wrote a letter to the editor of the Commercial Gazette, reviewing the developments in the case, but that paper would not- publish a truthful account of the matter, and it went to the Enquirer, in which it appeared. From the concluding expressions in my letter I copy the following: "It is not pleasant to me to have Richard Smith say that the testimony of myself and my associates is untrue, and it is not an agreeable task to feel obliged to say that Richard Smith in such a course lays himself liable to the charge of being a falsifier. I say these words for myself, personally, and as a member of the committee and of the Board of Directors assailed, and I know that all I have said will be supported by my associates. As one of the members of that committee and of that Board, I am now well satisfied that there was no occasion for sitting in trial upon a dispute which was essentially one of a political mud-slinging nature, or arising directly therefrom, and in which the one side has excelled and gained the advantage of the other only in the eflfectiveness of its work." While holding the executive position in the Chamber of Com- merce I was asked on many occasions to prepare letters and state- ments for officials which were to be sent out by them over their signatures. One of these instances was incident to a request from editors of the North American Review, who addressed presidents of leading commercial bodies for expressions of their views upon busi- ness conditions, present and prospective, and other matters of in- terest to the public. , I was asked to prepare such a letter. Follow- ing its publication the president brought me a letter received by him from the literary critic of the New York Tribune, complimenting him highly on the magazine expressions, which were declared to be the best of the collection of such contributions in the magazine. Subsequently the president read to me complimentary words he had 96 received from the editors of the magazine, and he told me that a check for twenty dollars was enclosed to him. "I suppose you ought to have this," he said, but that was the end of his reference to it, without having acted under his own suggestion — himself a mil- lionaire. Early in 1907 a brief reference was made in the Price Cur- rent to the death of a well-known citizen and member of the Cham- ber of Commerce, ever ready to contribute liberally to worthy move- ments for relief where such consideration was deserving. In my references to men it was my plan as far as practicable to give recog- nition to the better characteristics belonging to them. This man had reputation for honorable dealings with others, while his line of op- erations was widely regarded as questionable. He assumed to be a "broker," while proprietor of what was known as a "bucketshop," where men "traded" upon changes in market quotations of certain speculative articles, such as stocks, grain and provisions. A reader of the Price Current sharply criticised the brief expressions upon the personal reputation of the man who had died, saying he was surprised at their appearance, and were considered by him as inex- cusable. In my comments upon this evidence of supersensitiveness I said: "Whatever of evil may be held as belonging to responsibility for maintaining a bucketshop, the fact remains that as an associate and as a citizen this man brought to himself high recognition. And now to refer to our criticising friend, a most worthy citizen. He is a producer and seller of whisky, a product which has credit for promoting evil conditions among the human family to an extent which bucketshop evils have never approached." The windows of the Robert Clarke & Company Bookstore when it was located in the old Pike Building were used with fre- quency to exhibit matters of interest to the passer-by. This was long ago. One day I was attracted by an unusually fine group pho- tograph, of large proportions. It represented an evening scene at the home of William Resor, Jr., who was shown as reading a paper; his wife was occupied with a domestic duty; two of the older chil- dren were at the piano, one at the keyboard and the other singing; two younger children were interested in games or toys, on the floor — etc. This is according to memory, after the lapse of many years. Upon close scrutiny I discovered with a sense of pride the distinctly appearing title of the folio sheet Mr. Resor appeared to be reading, which was, "The Cincinnati Price Current." On the approach of the completion of one hundred years under the Jay Treaty of Commerce the editors of the New York 97 Shipping and Commercial List arranged for a celebration, incident to a dinner, at Delmonico's, New York. As Editor of the Price Current a complimentary invitation came to me — no other like courtesy being accorded to Cincinnati for the occasion. My interest in the opportunity had been somewhat stimulated by the fact that an elaborate work was to appear incident to the event, in which the various conspicuous industries of the country were to be represented by statements furnished by persons prominent in the several lines, and that the meat industry had been assigned to Philip D. Armour, who had requested and received from me much of detailed informa- tion for use in this part of such presentation. It was a twenty- dollars-a-plate affair, and many distinguished dignitaries were an- nounced- to participate in proceedings of the occasion. I wanted to go, but could not afford to incur the regular transportation cost. It was in the days of railroad passes. I had been the recipient of per- sonal favors from Captain W. W. Peabody, president of the Balti- more and Ohio Southwestern Railway, and felt that I had better express my wish to the head of the Chesapeake and Ohio line, who knew me well, and my identity with public interests. I was informed by him that his line ended at Washington, and that a ticket through to New York could be had at a stated price, which was the regular rate. My wish to go was so strong that I set aside my hesitation about addressing Captain Peabody, and sent a note to him, stating what was to occur, and that I had a desire to accept the special invitation which I had received. Two days later he came to the Chamber of Commerce office, saying: "Charlie, I got your letter; I thought I better come and see you, for perhaps you would like to take a friend with you." He filled out a pass for me to New York and return. It was an illustration of that man's spirit and manner, which won the affection not only of the service under him, but of the vast line of associates and acquaintances. At an earlier period of his railroad relationships, when all other lines entering Cincinnati were forced to suspend operations by a strike of employes, his line, of which he was Superintendent, maintained its service, through the respect and affection for him on the part of the employes of the road. The affair at New York, with several hundred of men present, was of distinguishing interest. At my side at the dinner table sat Murat Halstead, then editing a Brooklyn daily. While mentioning Captain Peabody, it may be added that he was twice elected president of the Chamber of Commerce, having served as vice-president previously. 98 When Captain Peabody was obliged to retire from his relations to railroad operations from loss of eyesight, knowing as I did the exceptional merit of his activities and example in life, and the hard- ship upon his sensibilities which an enforced separation from current affairs meant for him, I entered upon a movement for securing a testimonial to him, by a public dinner, at the Grand Hotel, in which a gratifying number of our citizens joined. I presided at this gath- ering. Among the various speakers on this occasion was Dr. Thad- deus A. Reamy, who spoke on the subject, "The Man," delivering one of the most charming of addresses it has been my privilege to hear, and spoken feelingly in tribute to the life of Captain Peabody, of which he had fullness of knowledge. Appropriate expressions were offered by others. Maria Long^orth, who married for her second husband Hon. Bellamy Storer, Jr., brought fame to our city in her art productions, especially in the development of decorative pottery, to which product was given the name Rookwood. After a demonstration of demand for such works of art she turned the Rookwood Pottery over to Mr. William W. Taylor, who gave the enterprise the benefit of his genius and great interest in the line which he had accepted and assumed. While in the official position in the Chamber of Commerce I pro- posed one year that the name of Maria Longworth Storer be con- sidered for election by the Board of Directors as Honorary Mem- ber, in recognition of her accomplishments in the field of art, and m promoting the extension of fame of our city in an effective and highly commendable way. The local press presented the suggestion favorably, but the sentiments entertained by many men against such recognition of women, however deserving, stood in the way of per- formance that would have been gracious and truly consistent, and it would have brought our Chamber of Commerce into notice every- where for such considerate and progressive act. Maria Longworth's father was Joseph Longworth, who was one of the most charming characters for which this city has been noted, and a large contributor to its facilities for public advance- ment. He was the son of the first Nicholas L,ongworth, who came Aere from New Jersey, and who in his legal practice came into pos- session of much real estate, taken in payment for services rendered. He was not only possessor of much of the then cheap lands about Cincinnati, located in the eastern surroundings and hills of the city, but he had them brought largely under culture of the catawba grape, and otherwise. From these grapes was made the "Golden Eagle" product, which gave fame to this city. Joseph 99 Longworth, son of the first Nicholas, was father of the second Nich- olas, who was father of the third Nicholas Longworth, married to Alice Roosevelt. The second Nicholas Longworth was an interesting and striking character — distinguished as a man possessed of great enjoyment in sports, and withal a brilliant man in the legal practice and on the bench. It has been related that the second Nicholas Longworth, while a court judge, on riding" in his carriage one day up the grade of Gilbert Avenue observed a poorly clad man plodding along, and halted his carriage, inviting the man to enter and ride with him. He was a laboring Irishman. The judge was a good deal of a wag, as well as a sportsman. After some exchanges of expressions the judge asked the Irishman if he knew who he was riding with — the reply being that he did not. "You are riding with Judge Long- worth, and I imagine that in your country you would walk a long way before being invited to ride with a judge." "And methinks ye would be riding a long way in my country before the likes of ye would be made a judge!" It is said that Judge Longworth enjoyed telling this story. Early in June, 1900, Helen M. Gould was in our city for several days, and came to the Chamber of Commerce upon invitation from the president, under my suggestion. She asked that no recep- tion be arranged for, as she and her lady friends accompanying her wished to come and go quietly, as observers only. She received calls from various members, however, in the visitors' gallery. There had been so much narrated of the good acts of Helen Gould, in the modest but effective way in which she had used her wealth for the relief and benefit of others, that I felt that our country was learn- ing and deservedly so to regard her as one of the grandest char- acters of her time. She visited various institutions in our city while here, and in remarks made at the Woman's Club was quoted as say- ing: "I shall never cease to preach the gospel that women of means should do more than rush through life for nothing but their own pleasure. It is the duty of women who have wealth to help others, and especially other women, and to make life for them worth the living. So much happiness may be scattered continually that the more one tries to help others the more one loves to do it." On reading an advertisement in a city paper, one evening early in January, 1867, calling for a meeting of members of the Mercantile Library Association, favoring an independent ticket at the annual election to be held very shortly thereafter, I decided to attend. About half a dozen persons were present. But these persons lOO entered into the spirit of the movement, and put forth a ticket. Previously for a considerable period the annual elections were with- out development of interest in the occasion, and few changes were made in the personnel of the Boards of Directors, the number of ballots cast being small. The independents failed of success that year, under the brief time available for the campaign, and lack of opportunity for effective organization. But there was revival of in- terest in these features by the younger members, and the following year the independent movement was successful. My name had ap- peared on the ticket. The new Board proved to be one of unusual attention to the situation and needs of the affairs of the institution, and of desirable progress. This Board was so much in favor for its record that the regular nominating committee the following year complimented it by placing the names on the regular ticket for re- election. The independents who had in an organized way brought success for their ticket the year previously insisted that as inde- pendents they should decline the nominations by the regulars, and be subject to consideration by the independent committee. My answer was that as the action of the regular committee was com- plimentary to the Board, as an entirety, I would not decline it and entertain nomination by the independents, maintaining that anything of party lines was not to be recognized, under such circumstances. The candidates thus presented were re-elected, notwithstanding op- position from some who had been their supporters the preceding year. I was subsequently elected as member of Boards of Directors, representing in all five elections. At the time of the beginning of revival of interest by election of an independent ticket in the Association the regulations of the institution confined active membership to persons in mercantile pur- suits, barring professional persons and women from such privileges, although having the other advantages. Also, the reading room was not open on Sundays. It has been a matter of satisfaction to me to know that I took an influential part in effecting changes by which the usefulness of the institution was widened in a significant manner by securing privileges of active membership to professional persons and to women, and the opening of the reading room on Sundays. It was upon my proposition that a special ballot box for women, to be located at the Library, should be provided, it being the custom to hold the general election in the Chamber of Commerce. I have paid fifty-eight annual assessments for membership in the Library Association at time of writing this record. Sometimes we get miffed by the manners of others. I had lOI been doing business many years with a certain bank, when one day my arrival at the bank with a deposit was near the regulation clos- ing minute. There was a line of persons ahead of me, so that when my deposit reached the receiving teller the precise time for the close had been slightly passed. There was a gruff expression, concerning "persons who don't know enough to be on time." The teller was a good fellow, but had shown a surly manner from time to time. On this particular occasion I was somewhat upset, and decided to make a change. But when I entered another bank next day with a view to transferring my account, the president of which was a familiar acquaintance, my salutation to him was received in a manner that impressed me at once with the feeling that there was no inducement for the contemplated change to that bank. It did not occur. I had a pretty good balance at that time, but the banker was never ad-- vised of my plan and its change. Within the ten years of my mercantile life there were many incidents and experiences of more or less note or interest. Allusion will be made to one. I had a call from a country buyer who wanted a barrel of New Orleans sugar. I accompanied him to a wholesale grocery where such goods were largely handled. The buyer was shown samples, and made a selection. On receiving the goods he advised me that the sugar was not of the grade he had bought and paid for, and as specified in the bill. The sample sent me by the buyer was Demarara sugar, of 'lower grade and price than the New Orleans sugar, as billed to the buyer. Upon my reporting to the firm these facts the salesman declared that the goods shipped were the same as selected. When the buyer called upon me soon there- after I accompanied him to the wholesale house. The salesman undertook to maintain that the sugar bought had been shipped on the order, which the buyer disputed, and some loud words were heard in the rear of the store, when the proprietors came out of the office, on the same floor, to learn what was going on, and I told what I had observed. The salesman came up behind me and struck me a blow on the left cheek, when I was talking to the head of the firm, which crushed the arched bone of the cheek and fractured the jaw; and had the blow from the vicious and powerful man hit me nearer the ear the attending surgeon said it would likely have killed me. In the police court trial, incident to this assault, when I was able to appear, Dr. Joseph F. Potter, one of the most eminent of surgeons in the city, exhibited a skull, to show the nature of the fracture, and what had been called for to restore the cheek bone as nearly as possible to its position — which, however, was only partially I02 accomplished. Doctor Potter stated that he could not conceive it possible that such a fracture could be produced by a man's fist, without the aid of some object used in the forceful attack. The vicious man was one of physical power. During the Civil War, when I was in the commission busi- ness, I received a government contract for a large lot of dried apples, in my possession, of excellent quality. On announcement of this contract being awarded to me a man of my acquaintance, a wholesale grocer, called in and said: "I see you have a government contract for dried apples. We have a lot of old stock, wormy, which we would like to turn in to you, and will sell them at two cents per pound. You can work them in all right, and make a good profit." I never heard what disposition was made of that stock. In the latter part of 1909 a body of men of prominence from Japan came to our country under invitation and auspices of the Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast. These dis- tinguished representatives of Japan in their tour of our country visited a large number of cities, from the Pacific to the Atlantic Coasts — including many places in New England, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and westward through Cincinnati, etc., after seeing Washington. They were designated as "Honorary Commercial Commissioners of Japan to the United States." They arrived at Seattle on September 1. They were at Cincinnati Novem- ber 7 and 8. Some months later a letter came to me from Baron Shibusawa, who was chairman of the Honorary Commercial Com- missioners, in which were these expressions : "I have the honor to express to you our sincere thanks for the kind assistance shown to the party during their visit to your city. At a special meeting of the Commissioners a unanimous vote of thanks was passed together with a resolution to present you with a silver vase as a token of their gratitude." In my acknowledgment of the gift were these ex- pressions: "I have received the silver vase, mentioned in your com- munication, which is of unique form, and a fine work of art. This will be held with great satisfaction as a token of the friendly senti- ments which your graceful words imply. It will be held as a me- mento of an event which has served and will continue to serve an important purpose in promotion of permanency of truly cordial rela- tions between the people of your country and ours. The visit last year from the distinguished representatives of Japan strengthened the sense of admiration entertained by my countrymen for the progress which your country has made and is making on the best lines of civilization." 103 ANNIVERSARY REMEMBRANCES. The recurrence of anniversaries of birthdays has been and is the occasion of recognition in a manner calculated to keep alive the at- tachments and friendships belonging to individual lives. Such events represent privileges of interesting influence, and their perpetuation may properly be encouraged. After thirty years of residing "down-town" our home was changed to Mount Auburn — designated as a suburb, but centrally located. This was in 1897. Members of my family the following year planned a birthday surprise for me. My wife and I were ac- customed to car ridings and tramping in the city surroundings, for recreation — and for this day she informed me that such an outing would be consistent, which I accepted, and proceeded leisurely to make preparations for. When I stepped into the hall leading to the front, with my wife, I found the parlor filled with visitors, others on the spacious porch, and on the lawn. It was a charming after- noon, and here were lots of my friends, mostly from the Chamber of Commerce. There was a flag presentation and flag raising, ap- propriate refreshments, and a delightful occasion, in the outdoor situation upon the large lawn. In 1906 the birthday anniversary brought me a surprise and tes- timonial, of which detailed mention appears elsewhere, with full particulars. In June, 1912, I reached the age of seventy-five years. With this birthday anniversary came such an extent of personal remem- brances and of evidences of interest, of esteem and respect, and of fellow affection and friendship, mingled with expressions complimen- tary to and appreciative of the work that I had performed, that the heart was made to overflow with emotions and sentiments of appre- ciation. Words cannot fully reflect the meaning of such influences upon the life upon which they were bestowed. They brighten all the after days of life. These elements of encouragement may be said to have come at an opportune time, when I was laboring under perplexities and un- certainties incident to disordered and lowered condition of vitality, with misgivings as to what might still come, from the ailments which gave no hope of cure, and only something of promise of possible delay in the date of the final reckoning. The past had afforded I04 some surprises on such lines. To introduce some personal observa- tions, it may be mentioned that the devoted doctor who had for some years been rendering advice and treatment called for in the physical disorders, only ten days previously in most earnest remarks stated that the observation of declining condition of health during the previous six months made it appear imperative that there should be prompt discontinuance of work, at any sacrifice of business in- terests, else there would soon be necessity for directing affairs from the sickbed, as two years previously. There was no wish for dis- continuance of work, whatever might be acceptable as relief from some of the strain of exactions experienced in the maintenance of the accustomed efforts, for the privilege of prosecuting labors deemed to have something of usefulness for others was felt to be the best that life could afford. Among those at Chicago who remembered the anniversary date was Mr. Morris Schwabacher, president of the North American Pro- vision Company. He reminded others of the occasion, and became the medium of conveying to me a significant token which numerous friends in that city had joined in providing for presentation to me. In his letter to me Mr. Schwabacher said: "On behalf of a few of your many friends in Chicago, I extend to you their sincere and heartiest good wishes upon the celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of your birthday, and having watched your faithful services to the trade in the past they cheerfully join in sending you a token of their esteem. Although it is a feeble ex- pression of what is due you, we hope it will kindle a warm spot in your heart for days to come." Such gracious acts and words surely do warm the heart and brighten the present and the outlook of the recipient. Among the telegrams received were messages from a son at Tacoma, at the head of an active enterprise in converting forest tim- ber to mill logs ; a son at New York, holding for many years an important position in the office of the City Comptroller; a son at Washington, doing influential work in the Bureau of Crop Statistics of the Department of Agriculture — other children and children-in- law, situated nearer, remembering the day. And from a very dear little granddaughter at Washington, six years of age, came a short letter that meant very much to the grandfather to which it was ad- dressed. From William S. Harvey, Philadelphia and New York, president of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum, and engaged in large af- fairs — "Congratulations on your seventy-fifth birthday anniversary. 105 Contemplation of the blessings, help and comfort you have been to so many should be solace to your kind heart. Your high standards of thinking and living, and the meritorious quality of your intellectual achievements, so nobly and unselfishly consecrated to every good work and cause helpful in exalting mankind, brings you your greatest and most satisfying reward, the approval of a good conscience, that will continue to be an inspiration and sustaining influence throughout the years you are spared to those who love you." From D. L. Gore, head of a long established wholesale house at Wilmington, North Carolina — "Let me congratulate you on your 75 years of one of the most honorable and efficient lives ever lived. I think it was Marcus Aurelius who said that it was not the length of a man's life that counted, but the life he lived. In short, you have lived a life that has helped the present generation and will help future generations. The world is better for your having lived." From C. C. Davis, Easton, Maryland, a retired Pittsburg banker, and a business associate and partner of mine in the early period of publication of the Price Current — "I want to add my congratula- tions to those of the many which you have received, and wish you happiness and strength for many years to come, that you may enjoy your dear ones as you have enjoyed your work in the years gone by." From W. J. Irvin, holding a high position in management of the great business of H. H. Kohlsatt & Company, Chicago — "Allow me to congratulate you upon your seventy-fifth anniversary, and to ex- press the wish that you may live to celebrate many more. While I have not had the pleasure of meeting you very frequently for sev- eral years, you are very often in my mind." From Dr. Wm. Jordan Taylor, Cincinnati — "I understand from Mrs. Murray that tomorrow will be your birthday anniversary, which means that on this day, a few years ago, you arrived to bring joy, comfort and pleasure to a proud father and mother. What satisfac- tion it must be to you to realize that in these years that have passed you have been having such joys. If I am unable to present my best wishes in person, please accept this little note a,s an evidence of my loving interest. I appreciate and prize most highly your friendship. . . The knowledge of your confidence and regard I look upon as one of the most cherished privileges of my professional experience." io6 AT CLOSE OF DAY. As we toiled home at close of day, Along the busy city way, The distant whistles' blended scream Signaled the bursting of a stream That flooded the whole thoroughfare With rushing masses everywhere; The chimes ran riot in the towers, Rejoicing at the passing hours, Then softly tolled and died away. As we toiled home at close of day. As we toiled home at close of day, And turned from out the dusty way, Into a green and shady street, A robin whistled, clear and sweet. Deep in the quiv'ring maple trees. The first breath of the evening breeze Stole to the heated world below. Wafting the tree-tops to and fro; And creeping shadows round us lay, As we toiled home at close of day. — From Verses in a Toronto paper. RELIANCE. Fain would I hold my lamps of life aloft Like yonder tower built high above the reef; Steadfast, though tempests rave or winds blow soft. Clear, though the sky dissolve in tears of grief, For darkness passes, storms shall not abide; A little patience and the fog is past. After the sorrow of the ebbing tide The singing flood returns in joy at last. — From Verses by Celia Thaxter. TOIL'S REWARD. 'Tis sweet to bend unto the task. No matter what the toil may be; No task is hard for him who knows Therein is held his destiny. And sweeter still man's work if he. With lowered shield and battle won. May hear if only in his dreams, The simple words: "Your work's well done." — From Verses in Milwaukee Sentinel. 107 INFLUENTIAL DOINGS AND RECOGNITION. During the long period of my labors in journalism and in com- mercial statistics, and in my official connection with the Chamber of Commerce affairs, and otherwise, there were many instances in which my work furnished evidences of influence in the interest of the public, securing complimentary recognition. It is not practicable to introduce into this Sketch reference to any considerable number of these features, but it will be proper to offer sufficiently of them to afford an indication as to what my work represented, and of recognition given it. While acting as Executive Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, in the fifteenth year of such service, I received a highly gratifying compliment in being elected an Honorary Life Member of the Association, by unanimous vote of the fifteen members of the Board of Directors, in January, 1906, the by-laws providing that such distinction may be conferred upon only one person in any year, "who, from eminence, may be deemed entitled to such distinction." At the first meeting of the American Meat Packers' Associa- tion after the preliminary organization in the preceding year, action was taken at the convention in Chicago, October 8, 1907, by a unanimously adopted resolution, by which I was made an Honorary Member of the Association. In November, 1896, a daily newspaper at Columbus, Ohio, took occasion to mention my name in connection with a position in President McKinley's Cabinet, as Secretary of Agriculture — ^an office within the sphere of politics. A Cincinnati afternoon paper received from Columbus a press telegram conveying reference to this propo- sition, and this was followed by complimentary comments by our local morning papers, and by various publications in other cities. From some of these expressions now within reach the following extracts are here copied: From the Columbus Evening Press: "The ablest man in the United States for Secretary of Agriculture in McKinley's Cabinet is Charles B. Murray, editor of the Price Current, of Cincinnati." From the Cincinnati Commercial Tribune: "The name of Charles B. Murray, editor of the Price Current, and Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce, has been mentioned in connection with a place in President McKinley's Cabinet. As editor of the io8 Price Current Mr. Murray has attained a more than national repu- tation for his abiHty and accuracy as a statistician, and it is no secret that Mr. Murray's estimates upon crop conditions and values are frequently given preference in the Nation's legislative halls to those of the Government Statistician." From the Cincinnati Enquirer: "The mention of the name of C. B. Murray as a suitable man for the position in President Mc- Kinley's Cabinet as Secretary of Agriculture has been received here with a great deal of interest. Mr. Murray himself was a great deal surprised at the consideration of his name, though it is apparent that his friends are in earnest in their proposition. There is no man in the country whose judgment on grain, pork and provisions and general produce questions is thought more highly of than Mr. Murray's, and his utterances through the medium of the Cincinnati Price Current have made that publication famous, not only in this country, but abroad. Mr. Murray's knowledge and extensive repu- tation, his friends claim, would make him a valuable man for the Secretaryship, one eminently acceptable to the interests he would represent." From the Chicago Inter Ocean: "Charles B. Murray, editor of the Cincinnati Price Current and Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, is mentioned as the best qualified man for the position of Secretary of Agriculture. The trade here on the whole know Mr. Murray intimately, and would like to see a prac- tical statistician in the Cabinet." From the Chicago Journal: "Charles B. Murray, editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, is spoken of for Secretary of Agriculture. There is no better equipped man for the position in the United States." From the Toledo Blade: "Charles B. Murray, editor of the Cin- cinnati Price Current and Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, is being mentioned for Secretary of Agriculture. Mr. Murray is a good man for the place." From the Kansas City Daily Drovers' Telegram: "The press dispatches today convey the announcement from Cincinnati that the friends of Charles B. Murray, for a long series of years Ishe moving spirit behind the Price Current, are presenting their friend for the consideration of the pubHc as a candidate for the favor of Mr. McKinley. That Mr. Murray would make a good Secretary of Agriculture is not doubted. He has a long experience in commercial matters, and we dare say is in a position to know and does know the needs of the farmer and stock grower as thoroughly as any man 109 who could be presented. Mr. Murray is a shrewd, able thinker and writer, who knows more of the needs of the Agricultural Depart- ment than many fellows who have held important positions in pre- vious Cabinets. He would go into the Secretary's chair with a clearer insight into the agricultural situation than some men acquire after serving a term. No man could be found who would show a more accurate knowledge of the various departments than Mr. Murray." From John Marquis, Liverpool: "It is with great pleasure that I have just learned that there is a possibility of your becoming Sec- retary of Agriculture. I can assure you that such an appointment would be welcomed on this side of the Atlantic; for in no American statistician have our European merchants such confidence as in the editor of the Cincinnati Price Current." From the Sagamore Milling Co., Circleville, Ohio: "We desire to extend our congratulations on your prospects for being the next Secretary of Agriculture, under the incoming Administration. In our judgment no better selection could be made. You would surely be the right man in the right place." From the New England Grocer, Boston: "Press dispatches con- - vey the announcement that the friends of Charles B. Murray, of the Cincinnati Price Current, are presenting his name for consideration as Secretary of Agriculture. This is an appointment eminently fit to be made. We hope Mr. Murray will be one of President Mc- Kinley's advisers. From the Minneapolis Journal, Minneapolis: "It has been pro- posed that Mr. McKinley shall appoint Charles B. Murray, editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, to the Agricultural portfolio when he selects his Cabinet. The proposition is a good one. We need more practical men in Government places. Mr. Murray is well known to the agricultural and business interests of this country. His views have been tested in years of experience, and it is only justice to say that the opinions of no man in the grain trade stand higher today than Mr. Murray's. He is conservative and far seeing. He under- stands the agricultural situation in this country and in Europe prob- ably better than any other person in the United States. This may appear to be an extravagant statement, but the Journal makes it in the belief that it is strictly true. Mr. McKinley may select an Ohio man for some other Cabinet position. This would be no bar against Mr. Murray for Secretary of Agriculture. The place demands the peculiar ability that the man can bring to it; residence should not enter into the selection. The fact that it has in the past has some- times made weak Cabinets." no From the American Fertilizer, Philadelphia: "Mr. C. B. Mur- ray, editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, is in all probability the best informed man on the problems of industrial agriculture in the United States. His journal is our most valued exchange, simply from the fact that we have been taught by experience that his work is wholly reliable and that his conclusions are sound to the core. The Secretary of Agriculture should be an industrial agriculturist, not merely a tiller of the soil. He has more particularly for con- sideration the factors of trade relations, as they affect farming as an industry. Mr. McKinley can make no wiser selection for his Cabinet than Mr. C. B. Murray, of Cincinnati, for Secretary of Agriculture." From Charles H. Wolff, Mount Washington, Ohio, a retired merchant of Cincinnati, keenly alive to passing events : "Your name has been most honorably mentioned for Secretary of Agriculture in the McKinley Cabinet; and if I had the power to place you there I should not do it. Yours in a unique, almost sui generis position, comprehending a far larger and more needful scope than any office under the United States." From John Hargreaves, prominent merchant, Liverpool. — "You must think seriously before severing yourself from all the friends you have made for yourself during all these years of faithful serv- ice. . . Not infrequently your statistics have been at variance with those of the official Bureau of the Department of Agriculture. When such conflict has arisen, I can assure you that we have pinned our faith to the Cincinnati Price Current. If you undertake the duties of Secretary of Agriculture your country will have, in that Depart- ment at least, the confidence of European merchants in these trades, in a more perfect degree than they have had in my thirty-five years' experience." From Col. G. D. Rogers, Secretary Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce. — "No name could be used in connection with the ap- pointment of Secretary of Agriculture, in my opinion, that would give more satisfaction to commercial bodies, than yours." From W. R. Tucker, Secretary Philadelphia Board of Trade, and Secretary National Board of Trade. — "With my knowledge of your associations and long experience in such matters I cannot think of a better choice for Mr. McKinley to make." From H. A. Wroth, Assistant Secretary Baltimore Corn and Flour Exchange. — "It is questionable if any selection could be made that would bring to the head of the Agricultural Department one more capable and thoroughly alive to the needs of the Department iioa than yourself, a recognized authority in all crop information, so ad- mitted by experts the entire country over." From B. Frank Howard, of the Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. — "It is high time that reforms should be inaugurated — not suggested — and carried out fully for the benefit of the people. I do sincerely hope that your name will be seriously considered by the President- elect." From W. S. Harvey, President Caldwell L,and and Lumber Co., Lenoir, N. C. — "Your long experience in the departments that have made for you such an honored record eminently fit you to accept this portfolio, with great benefit to the entire country." From C. W. Talbott, Pomona, Cal., formerly chief statistical clerk Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. — "While I suppose this is newspaper talk, I would rejoice to see you in that position, believing that you are deserving of governmental recognition, also capable of filling that oiffice with credit." From F. E. Tunison, editorial staff of The Tribune, New York. — "If the Agricultural portfolio should be offered you, it will prove conclusively that there is some power shaping men for special des- tinies. I am glad to note the words of praise from western editors; but the writers must realize that in honoring you they are conferring honor upon themselves." From the American Grocer, New York. — "If President-elect Mc- Kinley were to follow the suggestion frequently made, and select Charles B. Murray, Editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, for Sec- retary of Agriculture, he would secure the services of one thoroughly equipped for the position, pay a compliment to the press, and make an appointment sure to receive the hearty endorsement of business interests." From the National Stockman and Farmer, Pittsburgh. — "He has been long connected with the commercial side of American agricul- ture, and his thorough acquaintance with this would be especially valuable to the representative of agriculture in the cabinet." From the Modem Miller, St. Louis. — "Mr. Murray will distin- guish himself in any position he will accept, and we are among his friends who would be pleased to see him honored." From the Hay Trade Journal, Canajoharie, N. Y.-^"We are con- fident that the appointment would give eminent satisfaction to a countless host of friends as well as the country at large. The Pres- ident-elect could certainly make no better selection." From the Toledo Market Report, Toledo, Ohio.— "Mr. McKinley might go further and fare worse." nob From the Minneapolis Market Record. — "The Market Record is pleased to note that Charles B. Murray, Editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, is thought of for Secretary of Agriculture. There could not be a better selection." From the Kansas City Packer. — "It is difficult to call to mind any one who is so well fitted for the position. Mr. Murray's objection that he is not a politician is only an argument in favor of his fitness." When Frederick Fraley of Philadelphia died in September, 1901, he had been president of the National Board of Trade con- tinuously from the time of its organization in 1868. I was officially asked to prepare a memorial report for the annual meeting of the body relating to Mr. Fraley, which I have regarded as an especially high compliment. For several years prior to his death Mr. Fraley's physical infirmities precluded his presence at the meetings, but he maintained an interested relationship to their proceedings. He was the head of a great financial institution in Philadelphia, and until a few months prior to his death he was daily present at its offices. He was one of the most notable men of his period in this country, for his breadth of knowledge in the practical affairs of commerce, finance and government. His active relations to such institutions as the Franklin Institute (Philadelphia), the Girard College, the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, the American Philosophical Society, the Union League, the Farmers' Club, the Philadelphia Board of Trade, the Western Saving Fund Society, the National Board of Trade, and municipal affairs, and his high order of intelligence and brilliance of powers, free from ostentatiousness, made him a conspicuous and influential figure in local and national affairs. His personality drew men toward him. On the occasion of his funeral, prompted by the affectionate relations which had long existed between Mr. Fraley and myself, I made the trip to Philadelphia to be in attendance upon and share in the sacred tribute to the memory of this gracious and remarkable man. Prior to removal of the remains I called at his home, and viewed the kindly features in their final rest. In its ac- count of the funeral services at the St. James Protestant Episcopal Church the Philadelphia Record said: "After the family came the entire corps of officials and employes of the Western Saving Fund Society, of which Mr. Fraley had been President; the trustees and officials of the University of Pennsylvania; members of the Amer- ican Philosophical Society; Executive Committee of the National Board of Trade; members of the Franklin Institute and the Phila- delphia Board of Trade, completed the procession, which filed down in the aisles to solemn music by a full surpliced choir. Among the prominent men who occupied pews were Wayne MacVeagh, ex- United States Attorney General; Wharton Barker, William H. Wanamaker, Joel J. Baily, G. Heide Norris, C. B. Murray, Super- intendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, and Rev. Dr. James H. Robins." In a note from H. H. Meyer, president of the H. H. Meyer Packing Co., Cincinnati, are these expressions: "We are all very proud of our association with you in connection with the Chamber of Commerce, and I feel very highly honored to be recognized as your friend." In view of my inability in recent years to attend the meetings of the Mount Auburn Welfare Association, it seemed appropriate that I should not appear as a member in its lists, not being able to be an actual participant in its good work. I addressed the Secretary accordingly, and he saw fit to read my letter of resignation at a meeting of the Association, which I had not anticipated. He re- ported to me that action was taken, including the following: "In view of the interest you have always taken in civic affairs, and the years of unselfish and effective service you have given to the city and its principal business organization, we deem it an honor to have you on our membership list, and by an unanimous vote of the Asso- ciation your name will be retained on our roster, dues exempted." This called for acknowledgment, in which were included these expressions : "It is a distinct and peculiar pleasure I experience in knowledge of the Association's action, under your considerate presen- tation of the matter, in recognition of what I have tried to do in co-operation with others in promoting measures for the true welfare of a community and a region in which I have had a high degree of pride, and always will have, as long as I may survive. ... I will be glad to remain in the list of members of your influential Association, and will hope to find some way by which I will not be an entirely dead member." The testimonial which I received in June, 1906, brought pleasing words from many friends. Among the cherished messages thus received was a letter from one whose life had been distin- guished for great interest in the affairs of mankind, particularly with reference to reformatory measures, and who at ninety years of age wrote with penmanship showing little evidence of unsteadiness of the nervous system, in language from her which is here copied: 112 Syracuse, N. Y., June 18, 1906. — I am very, very glad you have had such a beautiful and substantial expression from your firiends of your worth and work, and am truly glad that with it you will be able to take a much needed rest and recreation. When I was at your house last fall, I felt the strain that was upon you, and feared the cord would break before you were ready to lay down the burden. But now with this interim of rest and relaxation, and with the watchful, loving care of your devoted wife, you may be able to take up the burden of life, and still work for the uplift of humanity, as your father did before you, and as you have done in the past, for many years to come. I cannot resist giving you this expression of my love and interest in your life journey as I have known it from your boyhood onward toward its setting. I am as well as I could expect carrying my load of ninety years, and hope you may reach that mark if you so desire. With love and best wishes for your journey, and hoping you may both return renewed in health and energy for the work that lies before you. Yours in the best of bonds, Louise F. Howe. LIFE'S TEACHINGS. Thou must be true thyself If thou the truth wouldst teach; Thy soul must overflow if thou Another's soul wouldst reach. It needs the overflow of heart To give the lips full speech. Think truly, and thy thoughts Shall the world's famine feed; Speak truly, and each word of thine Shall be a fruitful seed; Live truly, and thy life shall be A great and noble creed. — Authorship unknown. A DAY. A day is such a little while, Dawn to dusk a flash, a smile. But with sweet service by the way, With kiss good morning, kiss good night, We round the capes of love's delight, And live a whole life in a day! — Authorship unknown. "3 SOME EXPERIENCES AND METHODS. In the matter of property acquirement I have never been smart — being intent more on doing things than in "making money." But I had a few years of income from my business exceeding the current Hving outlays. During the life of the mother of my older children my homes were rented ones. In 1884 I purchased a house, in a locality then inviting and ap- parently promising from an investment standpoint. It was a large house, and expensive as a home. The extension of street car service to the suburbs occasioned removal of a large proportion of the best residents, in that section of the city, and consequently there was an excess of offerings of properties, and unfavorable change in the locality associations for the younger children. Under these condi- tions we removed to a home on Mount Auburn, a convenient suburb, after thirteen years of occupancy of the former home. The decline in property values occasioned a very serious financial loss on this purchase, $8,500 in extent. The new home, in an old homestead that was attractive to us on Mount Auburn, was occupied by us nearly seventeen years, until January, 1914. Taking into the reckoning the betterment expendi- tures upon this property there was considerable loss. These were home transactions. In my printing operations the time came when it was desirable to find new quarters. There were vacant grounds next to the post ofHce building, in its rear, and I purchased a leasehold interest in a lot of 50 feet frontage and 45 feet depth, 100 feet from Main Street, followed by purchase of ad- joining space in its rear, which would give me 93 feet depth. My situation was next to the rear of a large office building fronting on Main Street, the owner of which, having learned of the extension I had purchased, in the rear, went to the seller, trustee of the estate to which it belonged, offered a large advance in price for it, and thus stole it from me while I was seeking financial arrangements for payment for it. The only satisfaction I could get from the trustee, while acknowledging the sale to me, was that more money was thus secured. Then I was asked to leave a space between my proposed building and the adjoining one, which I could not spare without securing that which had been unrighteously taken from my possession by its owner. I made a liberal proposition, in connection 114 with this request, which was declined — and greatly regretted after- ward by the adjoining ownership, which wpuld gladly have given many thousands of dollars to have such an option as was available before my building, on its lot of shallow depth, was erected, and which closed fifteen windows in the office building, occasioning serious loss of rental income, while my plans for desirable depth were destroyed, to my serious disadvantage. 1 have made fifty yearly payments on a life insurance policy issued in favor of the mother of my older children, and which I maintained for account of the interests of her dependent children after her death, in 1878. When I am told of advantages of other life insurance plans than by yearly premiums I am not disturbed, for when this insurance began I wanted the largest amount of cur- rent risk for the amount of outlay to be made, and this is what I secured, in one of the country's best companies. I gave up consid- erable money, years ago, for policies in other companies, valueless. Throughout the entire period of forty-one years in operating my printing office no workman in the office was "laid oflf" under the temporary lessening of requirement for current service, and changes in employes were not frequent. At the end, one had been in service with me twenty-five years ; another, twenty-seven years ; and one during the entire period of forty-one years. I was not an exacting employer; in my lenient treatment of employes I was the subject of some imposition, which I preferred to accept rather than to set aside my inclination to expect persons to do for me what they knew they should do. and to not be disturbed by or mindful of some of the shortcomings of employes under my manner of treatment of them. My printing office was an "open shop," not subject to union regulations. When I began operations I called upon Robert Allison, at the head of the Allison & Smith Type Foundry, for suggestion as to who might be found as foreman. He mentioned Elbert F. Bigler, then at work in the Williams Directory office. He was a typographical union man, and its president then or previously, but had independent views, and came to work for me, under con- ditions not fully in agreement with union regulations, particularly as to the proportionate number of "apprentices" allowed in an office. Bigler remained with me many years, until his brain gave way, and his life soon ended. He was succeeded by a capable and efficient man, who after some years I was obliged to discharge for disobe- dience. I had seen ill effects of beer drinking in the office, and its influence on the younger employes, and had given orders that no beer should be brought into the office — which was disregarded. "5 VARIOUS BRIEF NOTATIONS. Late in 1909 a firm in Glasgow, readers of the Price Current, submitted to me an experience in a purchase of lard, shipped from Cincinnati, under government inspection, which on making deliveries to the trade of the house was found to be in unmerchantable con- dition. I was asked to enter upon investigations and efforts to secure some relief in the case for the foreign buyers. Some features only of the case can be mentioned in this connection. The result of investigations made it appear that the selling party here of prod- uct made in this city disclaimed liability on delivery of goods for shipment duly passed by government inspection, and so branded. The unfortunate incident for the purchasers was that the lard was not inspected on arrival, but put into storage for later distribution, without such precautionary action, and when moved to the retailing trade the lard was found to be in unsound condition. The Depart- ment of Agriculture, under which government inspection of such products is conducted, made an investigation in this case, and the Secretary of Agriculture reported that "it appears from the report of the inspector that the products from which the lard were made were clean and healthy, but that the deterioration was apparently due to improper processing." The claim for losses on this lard represented about $1,400. The buyers on receiving my report to them, with detailed information, and my conclusions that their failure to have the product inspected on arrival had been a leading factor in their loss of ground for maintaining damage claims, in their acknowledgment to me said: "We are pleased to receive your opinion regarding the lard contract, and accept and approve of it. Our neglect arose from carelessness, in so far that we never heard of or experienced a similar case of American lard being rancid, and we did rely upon the security of the United States Department of Agriculture inspection label. Thanking you for your many kind efforts on our behalf," etc. Among foreign publications which made regular use of the Price Current's reports concerning the crop and market situations, etc., was L,e Fermier, of Paris, which gave much prominence to such statements, in the French journal of circulation among milling and agricultural interests. This was maintained by that publication for many years. Ii6 For quite a time such information was copied from the Price Current by a Russian publication, issued at St. Petersburg. Various publications in Germany, Great Britain, etc., were accustomed to give their readers Price Current statements — including a weekly summary cabled by a news agency, during a long period of years. In an elaborate statement by the Price Current of date August 31, 1882, with details, in regard to the extent of the com crop of that year, conclusions were reached which were distinctly at variance with the current calculations of trade operators. The re- port at once occasioned a decided decline in the Chicago market. While the indicated total volume of the crop, on the estimates ob- tained from correspondents at that time, was somewhat in excess of the ultimate oiificial estimate for the crop by the Department of Agriculture the Price Current report was not discredited by the subsequent course of events and available evidence. The outcome of the season justified the Price Current information as conservative. This found emphasis in the fact that with the early and subsequent indications of the following crop pointing to a falling off in the season's production the available supplies of the 1882 crop were sufficiently ample to occasion a declining instead of advancing ten- dency in the market position with the progress of the season — as shown in the records for cash grain at Chicago, the low point of which was 74^/2 cents per bushel in August, 1882 ; dropping to 57 J^ in September ; 59 in October ; 64 in November ; 49j4 in December, 1882— followed by 49^4 in January; 54 J^ in February; 52^ in March; 50% in April; 53% in May; 50}i in June; 47 ^^ in July; 49J^ in August; 47% in September; 46 in October; 47^ in No- vember — 1883. The great decline which immediately followed the statement of the Price Current, at no time recovered later, gave in- disputable support to the merit and integrity of this information and the trade confidence in these statements. In references to the corn crop the Price Current of November 2, 1882, said: "The dignity of the Agricultural Bureau allows itself to say that the 1,800,000,000 product predicted by the corn buyers is a myth, which has been so persistently assumed that the public may be misled." To this the comment was made that the "corn buyers" obtained their "prediction" from the Cincinnati Price Cur- rent — which aims at presentation of correct information — and that those who took stock in the September statements by the Bureau in particulars mentioned had already learned to feel that they had been "misled." There being inquiry at various times for information as to 117 cost of hog product, such as sides, and lard, and barreled pork, etc., at specified prices for live hogs, and vice versa, indicating what was implied for hog prices at .stated values for articles of product, I offered tables showing such features, in a relative way. In view of the changing relation of prices of the different articles of product, under varying market conditions, no exhibit could serve as a per- manent comparison. Sometimes lard would be higher, sometimes lower, relatively, than sides, and so on, so that market values at particular dates, for the different articles, and the usual differences in percentages of live weight of hogs for sides, shoulders and hams, were necessary to take into the reckoning. For barreled pork the weight of green meat and cost of salt and cooperage were factors in the cost calculations. In most instances prices on March 1, from year to year, were taken as a basis. I have not known of any sim- ilar exhibits being furnished by others, for such interesting informa- tion. In September, 1882, I made an extended trip in the North- west — by way of Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Minneapolis, continuing thence over the Northern Pacific line to Fargo, and westward, to the limit of the track laid at that time, in the Yellow- stone region, at Billings, in Montana — ^the last hundred miles being in a rough car of a construction train, west of Forsythe. Arriving at Billings at 3 o'clock in the morning, I found no inducement for remaining beyond noon, of the same day, when there was a special train, by which I could return to Forsythe and Miles City, with an excursion party from St. Paul. In my stroUings at Billings I saw the sign of "Calamity Jane," and took a look inside the saloon of this notorious person, who was then engaged in adjusting a stove- pipe. This trip gave me some new experiences, and observations. Westward from Fargo were the limitless prairie lands of Dakota, and beyond the "Bad Lands" of the Upper Missouri River region, where bear steak for breakfast was a relish. Along the Yellowstone valley were evidences of prolonged dry weather, and a considerable extent of the land surface for hundreds of miles was blackened by the fires which had burned the dry grass. At Billings large quanti- ties of wool were being received, for shipment to Boston. An inter- esting conversation was had with a ranchman, having 15,000 acres in the Gallatin valley, 150 miles distant, requiring about fifteen days to make the round trip to Billings and return, with ox teams. He came to that country from Maine, starting in as a "cow boy," now possessing 12,000 sheep and 4,000 cattle. Ii8 Returning eastward I took occasion when at Miles City to call on General James S. Brisbin, at Fort Keogh, who gave some inter- esting information and expressions concerning the Yellowstone re- gion. I also visited an encampment of Cheyenne Indians, some miles away, where I had an opportunity for observing living condi- tions in Indian tents not previously familiar to me. Arriving at Fargo I was unable to secure hotel accommodations — and crossed the river to Moorhead, on the Minnesota side, where I found excellent quarters. Next morning I went northward from Glyndon, reaching Winnipeg before dark — a city then at boom tide, the inhabitants occupying tents to a large extent. The stop at Win- nipeg was brief. Returning toward St. Paul I made a stop at Litch- field, Minnesota, to visit a cousin a few miles distant from the rail- road. He went into that country from Vermont when quite young, and where the few settlers kept close together, with guns ever within reach, as protection against attacks of Indians. He had married a Swede, and had an interesting family. Had been elected a member of the State Legislature repeatedly. In the station at St. Paul, on this homeward trip, I tossed a coin to determine whether I should go homeward or northward to Duluth. The latter won — and I arrived at destination at 6 o'clock in the morning — going to a hotel for breakfast, and strolling as much as practicable in the narrow stretch of territory between the head of Lake Superior and the hillsides in the western direction, until entering the return train at 8 o'clock — -having had two hours of privilege in that unattractive but interesting spot. When in Milwaukee for a few hours, on this trip to the Northwest, I made a call at the Chamber of Commerce during its noon session. I was personally known to but few there, but was introduced to a number of the prominent operators in grain and provisions. "Here's Old John Plankinton — let me introduce you to him," said a friend. When he said "Old John" he meant a higher degree of reverential feeling than he could have conveyed in the con- ventional "Mr. Plankinton." "Old John" was looked up to, in more than one sense. "Let me tell you," said this tall and vigorous man to me, "that if you have made any mistakes in your estimates about hogs and corn you'd better arrange to leave the country." It was suggested that the Price Current was expected to furnish gospel truths in regard to these matters — not only as to what had been, but as to what would be — and there would be great wrath if the promise should not be fulfilled. At Chicago, on the return trip from the Northwest, I had 119 about two hours of opportunity on 'Change. It was a lively day in provisions and corn. A prominent commission man took me by the arm, saying: "I want to show you something, which you may call fruits — which may be regarded as fruits of the Wright policy, by which this Board of Trade, through its methods of encouragement to the wheat contract defaulters, has made a revolution in the condition of affairs here." President A. M. Wright was held as the conspicu- ously evil spirit. My attention was directed to the wheat pit, ordi- narily filled, now given up to corn operators, the wheat men chang- ing to another pit. My friend continuing his talk said: "Here are the wheat men now, and only a dozen of them, listening to a story, and doing no trading." And so on. Peter McGeoch was entertain- ing the wheat party with some talk — the "boys" saluting him as "Uncle Peter," which did not offend the good-natured Scotchman. On discovering my presence he gave me a brief entertainment. He regarded the Price Current corn estimate as excessive, and of hogs as under the mark. "What do you count upon as the wheat crop?" said Uncle Peter. "Call it 550,000,000." "And when it is marketed you will call it 450,000,000. You gentlemen of the quill, let me tell you, can make big crops on paper much faster than the farmer can raise them." John Rogan extracted from me an observation to the effect that the markets at the moment seemed to be in a somewhat unsatisfac- tory condition. "They are for some people, but not so for others," was the laconic reply. "Old Hutch." moved about complacently, when not leaning back in the chair which he occupied much of the time. He was credited with giving attention to pork, at that time, John Beazley acting as his broker, his instructions for buying being indicated by appearance of pieces of paper in Old Hutch.'s mouth. This worked nicely until small pieces of paper were exhausted and a whole newspaper was elevated into position, which gave the plan away. Col. S. H. Richardson in his salutation to me said: "Have you got ready to stop lying about the size of the corn crop?" Norman B. Ream did not appear inclined to say much about the markets, but had a good deal to say about an organization under the title of the Texas and Montana Live Stock Company. Mr. Ream had subscribed $50,000 to stock in the concern, which was capitalized at $1,500,000. At the time of one of my trips to Chicago, shortly after the death of Alexander Mitchell, president of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, and PhiHp D. Armour being a prominent I20 figure in the affairs of that line, he invited and urged me to make a trip to any of the resorts in Wisconsin I might care to go to, and avail myself of the fishing opportunities in that region. As I was situated in my affairs I was obliged to decline this proffer. This was followed by a letter from him, again urging me to make the proposed trip. Later I arranged to accept his request that I make an extended tour over that great railroad system, for which he would furnish transportation, suggesting that I ask my friend Wil- liam S. Harvey of Philadelphia to accompany me. Mileage tickets were received, and we made good use of them — making a trip from Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis, thence westward and south- ward to Mitchell, South Dakota, to Sioux City, Iowa, and to Omaha, Nebraska. At Omaha I applied to my old-time friend, Thomas L. Kimball, then at the head of the working operations of the Union Pacific line, for transportation for us from Omaha to Denver, re- turning by way of Kansas City, which courtesy was granted. From Denver we extended our tour to Colorado Springs, Manitou, and other points of interest in that region. It was too late in the season to attempt an ascent of Pike's Peak. This was prior to railroad facilities for reaching that position of interesting elevation. We visited various packing establishments at Denver, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Ottumwa, etc. In starting on this trip from Chicago Mr. Armour urged us to make a call on Patrick Ryan, a pork packer at St. Paul — to whom he furnished us a letter of introduction, telling us of a boasting story that had been told of a great funeral at Minneapolis, the rival one of the Twin Cities, upon the death of a prominent citizen, de- clared to have been unequaled by anything of the kind at St. Paul, upon hearing which a listener proclaimed with spirit, "I wish to God that Pat Ryan would die, then we'd show you what a funeral is !" We were requested by Mr. Armour to repeat this story to Ryan. We made a call at Lincoln, Nebraska, where we were met at the hotel by Patrick Egan, then a well-known person in active par- ticipation in questions relating to the Irish cause. He was a regular reader of the Price Current, and a friendly correspondent of its Editor. He told us there was to arrive that evening at 7 o'clock a delegation representing the Land League of Ireland, then on their way to the Pacific coast. Egan wanted us to meet these distin- guished visitors. We intimated that these gentlemen might not care to receive us at such time, particularly as we lacked identity with movements in which they were concerned. But he insisted that this made no difference. The visitors included Sir Thomas Esmonde, 121 M. P., of Ireland, and Hon. Arthur O'Connor, M. P., of London. They were delegated by Mr. Parnell to personally give expression of appreciation for the aid rendered in this country by friends of the Irish cause. Mr. John Fitzgerald, conspicuous in these matters in this country, and some others, were in the party at the hotel. The visitors planned to extend their trip to the Pacific coast. We were introduced to these gentlemen by Mr. Egan, and were cordially received by the distinguished visitors. The occasion was one of social nature, devoid of conventional formalities, there being freedom of expression, leading up to highly entertaining examples of the abundant resources and ready wit of the Sons of Ireland, and their power of enjoyment of a good time. The social spirit with which the room was pervaded was truly pleasing to contem- plate. The many good stories that were told enlivened the occasion, and made it a very enjoyable evening, which did not reach an end- ing until considerably after midnight. In October, 1910, while in Chicago, I made a call on Mr. Michael Cudahy, when I learned that he was one of the earliest to make tests in summer curing of meats, with results encouraging as to practica- bility. In our interview Mr. Cudahy said: "Mr. Murray, you formerly, from time to time, gave us statements as to what we might expect of supplies of hogs for later marketing, with a high degree of reliability, but I have not seen such information in the Price Current of late, which I regret." To this there was an explanatory comment, followed by a question as to what lines of inquiry could be taken up at that time for securing something of a forecast in these particulars. With a smile upon his face he said: "I know of no person more capable than yourself to determine the question." In turning over the pages of a file of the Price Current for 1900 I find an article copied from the Toledo Market Report under the caption "Surprising Estimates by Cincinnati Price Current," in which Mr. Smith mentioned the features of a brief statement I had published in which was given the annual average production of wheat for the previous ten years in this country, observing that it was not likely the official report for the season would fall below the quantities suggested specifically as to yield of winter and spring grain. Also, that "the quantity of wheat which this country can export comfortably the current year exceeds the annual average of exports for ten years as well as the quantity exported the past year." Mr. Smith, in mentioning these expressions, said: "We in- voke Mr. Murray's forgiveness in characterizing the above as mis- leading, and to the extent of its influence productive of results quite 122 adverse to our agricultural interests. . . We do not believe this country has over 180,000,000 bushels of wheat and flour for export without stripping the visible supply and part of the farmers' surplus. Our friend is inclined to be stubborn, but that is not a useful ele- ment in statistics or statesmanship." This comment is copied as an illustration of occasions found for "stubbornness," in unbiased endeavors to dispel the "misleading" in- fluence of careless declarations, and efforts at discrediting a fair and proper presentation of information. In this particular case the official final record for the year's crop was 4 per cent greater than my suggestion specified, while my expressed judgment at the end of the year was that the crop in fact was many millions in excess of the official estimate, in the light of existing evidences. And in the matter of exports the record for the year showed 216,000,000 bush- els, or 20 percent in excess of Mr. Smith's maximum, and at the same time leaving a comfortable quantity as visible supply, without unusual encroachment upon farmers' reserves. In concluding my comments upon the assumption of Mr. Smith I said : "The Price Current believes that the persistent policy of certain speculative in- terests in dissemination of distorted statements and decrying efforts for securing a correct picture of the situation is pernicious and det- rimental to legitimate interests, and should be met by 'stubbornness,' which the dictionary defines as 'inflexible,' and 'unyielding,' 'endur- ing,' in character.'' SOLITUDE. There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, There is a rapture on the lonely shore, There is society where none intrudes, By the deep sea, and music in its roar. I love not man the less, but Nature more; From these our interviews, in which I steal From all I may be, or have been before, To mingle with the universe, and feel What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal. — Lord Byron. 123 SOCIAL AND KINDRED EVENTS. In 1900, late in February, when the birthday anniversary of the aged artist, E. D. Grafton, was approaching, I addressed him a note asking if it would be agreeable to him to meet some of his friends on the occasion of the anniversary. His reply was that his health at the time was such as to preclude acceptance of the plan at that time, but that later on, in "apple-blossoming" time, he might be able to do so. Accordingly a reception and dinner occasion was arranged for, to occur on the evening of May 25, at our home. Mount Auburn. There were eighteen persons present, besides the guest. Mr. Grafton's distinguishing position was that of a water- color artist. His work had a character in it which was distinctly his own. In the opening remarks I offered some words of desig- nation as to the place occupied in local affairs by persons present, and in conclusion said : "Besides those who have thus been alluded to, as possessors of character which gives lustre and dignity to life, there is one, our dear friend, to whose health and happiness we drink; whose value to those of his generation it is not within my ability to properly describe. His associations have embraced the best and brightest of men; the most famous of artists on the stage and on the canvas; the patriotic and the poetic, of his time, all of whom with numberless others have had their lives enriched by the radiant elements of his individuality and the unique and inspiring work he has performed. We who are privileged to enjoy his presence at this time wish for him such prolongation of life as may be reason- ably free from discomfort from any cause, and he will carry with him our affectionate remembrances, tempered with a sense of grate- fulness for his acquaintance, and admiration for his character, in- spiring in its influence." In its reference to this occurrence the Commercial Tribune said: "It was a rare evening, devoted to making one venerable artist ap- preciate that, despite his long voluntary retirement from affairs social, he still holds a warm place in the hearts of his friends, and in this Mr. Murray, as host, was most successful." The Cincinnati Enquirer comments included these observations: "The occasion was not in commemoration of any particular epoch in Mr. Grafton's life, nor did it have any special significance beyond the intention of the host and the guests to show to Mr. Grafton that in his advancing 124 years his work is appreciated, and the good he has been to the com- munity is repaid fully by an understanding friendship, however it has been rewarded in a material way as he has gone along. . . Mr. Murray's address was unconventional and sympathetic." About two weeks later than this event Mr. Grafton experienced a severe cold, which was attended with stomach disorders, and his limited resources of vitality were not equal to successful resistance, so that in less than a month from the event at my home we had occasion to convey his body to its resting place in Spring Grove Cemetery. He was eight-three years and three months of age. In his somewhat lengthy letter to me, following the dinner occasion, he said: "The recollection of the evening is a sweet memory to me, free from dissimulation, unstilted — with a most welcome aggregation of good feeling, and warm sentiment." Among my intimate personal acquaintances was a man who had been prominent here during a period of many years as a pho- tographer, and as an artist. His studio was a resort for many dis- tinguished persons. He retired from business long before his death, which occurred in January, 1907. This was Leon Van Loo, one of the best known men in our city during his time. He represented the embodiment of geniality. He was accustomed to go abroad yearly, spending much time in Belgium, his old home. He sportively af- fected to have been the "Burgomaster of Zootenai" — and this nick- name of Burgomaster was accorded to him on all occasions by his acquaintances. In his will he provided for a fund to be used by the local Art Club, of which he was a conspicuous member, in arrang- ing for a banquet of its members, after his death. This banquet occurred in October, 1907. I was invited to make an address appro- priate to the occasion, and was the only person present who was^ not an active or associate member of the Club. I regarded it as a peculiarly high compliment to be asked to so appear, and appreciated it accordingly. My address was received with great favor. The only other speaker, excepting the chairman, was the aged artist, C. T. Webber, who presented a historical sketch of Van Loo. Each person wore a Burgomaster cape on this notable and unique occa- sion. Ex-Judge Moses F. Wilson, the blind lawyer, was chairman. The known long intimacy between myself and Mr. Van Loo was the reason for the invitation to me to speak at the banquet occasion. Among my expressions then offered I said: "To me Mr. Van Loo was one of the most interesting and enter- taining, one of the most charming of characters, that my career has been privileged to have knowledge of. I am speaking here to his 125 artist associates, and of him I feel that as an artist he had the ele- ments, the instincts, the genius, tempered with the kindly and con- siderate characteristics belonging to a noble heart, that win the re- spect, the recognition, the admiration, the almost worshipful consid- eration of his fellow artists. "We are not now gathered on a funeral occasion. It may not be possible to escape from something of the seriousness and sol- emnity which is fitting to a funeral. But it was fellowship, it was the love of L,eon Van L,oo for his associates, which prompted him to think of doing and to arrange for having done that which is the consummation of his wishes, in a reunion and a communion, in which it is to be assumed that he is present in Spirit. It matters not whether we believe that the Spirit of a person who has departed from life can consciously return to our midst or not. For all need- ful purposes we may accept the view that the intent of the living person to return in Spirit 'if possible,' has found the way to now recognize the realization of his plans. Whatever be our beliefs or understandings we may accept for the time being the belief that the Spirit of Leon Van Loo is truly here tonight, and we hail that Spirit with all the fervency with which we can greet an element so intangible as must be regarded the Spirit of one departed from life among us. It matters not if Leon Van Loo in life were lacking in a belief that the after-death condition has a perpetuation of con- scious spiritualistic existence. Whatever his belief or whatever of unbelief may have been his when here bodily, his life furnished tes- timony to the view that it was one of goodness and of value to others in life." Mr. Van Loo was one of the notable persons who in 1900 as- sembled in my Mount Auburn home to give cheer to the aged artist E. D. Grafton, on which occasion his highly interesting and in- structive talk was accompanied by gratifying and entertaining ex- pressions from John B. Peaslee, Henry P. Boyden, Alexander Hill, James Allison, and others. Van Loo's home was on Court Street, a short distance from mine, on the corner of Richmond and Linn Streets, in the western section of the city. With some frequency we made visits to the home of Peter A. White, corner of Fourth and Pike Streets, in the eastern section — these calls being mostly for the enjoyments of an evening at card playing. Brooks Johnson was many times a member of the party. Mrs. White was a gracious hostess — one of the finest of Kentucky's women. She frequently participated in the games — in the absence of Johnson. 126 Van L,oo was a good deal of a wag. He and John Woods posed as members in high position in the "Society for the Prevention of Music." Speaking of Brooks Johnson, in the reference to Van Loo, recalls an incident many years ago, when the Chamber of Commerce sessions were held in the Pike Building, which I am tempted to mention. In the early period of the Civil War Johnson resided on Fourth Street, west of Elm, and David Sinton a little further west. Sinton and Johnson were intimate, and accustomed to walk together in the mornings on the way to their places of business, incident to which they had the habit of making a call at the St. Nicholas bar- room. They differed in views upon the war, Johnson leaning toward the Southern side. One morning their discussion was unusually earnest and warm, and Sinton declined to halt at the St. Nicholas. Their social intercourse closed. Sinton had been a frequent visitor at the Johnson home, being fond of the children there. This much by way of introduction. Many years after the ending of the war Johnson in an incidental way was interested in introducing glass casters for bedsteads, alleged to serve in modifying rheumatic and kindred disorders. These were the invention of his brother-in-law, Stephen Mendenhall, and patented. Johnson kept a set of them as samples in my drawer in one of the tables on 'Change. One day while Johnson stood looking into the window of the Clarke book- store Sinton came along, and remarked to him that he was looking for the man who sold glass casters. Johnson invited him upstairs, to the exchange hall, where it was found that the casters were not in the drawer, so an appointment was made by which Johnson was to take samples to Sinton's office next day. While examining them Sinton observed : "By the way, I have not learned your name." "Brooks Johnson." Upon hearing this he instantly returned the casters, saying: "These casters may do for a Quaker with Southern blood, but they won't do for an Irishman !" All these persons, Van Loo, the Whites, Johnson, Mendenhall, Sinton, have passed from life's activities. On the occasion of the 76th birthday anniversary of Mr. B. W. Wasson his daughters suggested -that the event be marked by a dinner, with a few special friends to join in the social opportunity. Mr. Wasson had been for considerably more than forty years prom- inent in the grain trade of Cincinnati, notably in dealings in wheat. No man in the community has commanded higher esteem by busi- ness associates. This anniversary was in 1905. A presentation of a token to Mr. Wasson at this gathering was arranged, and I was 127 chosen to offer expressions incident thereto on behalf of the attend- ing friends. Among these expressions were the following: "We have assembled here this evening under the opportunity which an anniversary affords, and in fellowship. We have come here through an incentive chargeable to self-pleasure, and self- pleasure as an incentive cannot be held as other than worthy and appropriate when that bit of selfish characteristic has for its basis a plan and a desire for contributing something of pleasure to an- other and to others. There is friendship in this circle. There is gladness here. There is a sense of profound satisfaction in enjoy- ment of the privilege of such an opportunity for congratulation to him and those near and dear to him upon whom such an anniversary means so much. There is satisfaction on the part of each and every one who has come here on this occasion that he has had the ac- quaintance of him who is the subject of this coming together. In life's affairs there are many steps, of ease, and of hardship, of help- fulness and of impediment — and that which serves to give us aid, and courage, and strength in the better endeavors which we under- take, is the influence of contact with a life ever gauged and gov- erned by worthy effort, ever attended by acts which stand for in- tegrity of purpose and of deed, and fullness of consideration for all the rights of others. In this anniversary, which marks a point high up in its record of the years which have given to us and to others a presence endowed with these influential characteristics, and which presence we cherish, we find an opportunity for strewing some flowers, of offering some utterances of sentiment, in recogni- tion of our estimation of such a life, representing features which are in too many instances withheld from the living to be introduced at a time beyond the welcoming power and impressibility of the one upon whom they may be bestowed." At the close of the address (a large part of which is omitted here) the following toast was offered: "Our Friend of Seventy-Six: — With congratulations we salute you. With appreciation of your fellowship, your genial characteris- tics, your ever modest and considerate bearing, your steadfast devo- tion to duty, your high example in a life of business integrity — for these and the attributes attending them, we rejoice that this day finds you in command of such promise of prolonged presence among us, and we trust and hope that this anniversary with its incidents may serve to lengthen and brighten your days." (Mr. Wasson died March 27, 1915.) 1 never had training in music. But as a young man I 128 found joy in attendance upon high class musical entertainments, such as were afforded by Parepa Rosa, Christine Nilsson, and Ade- lina Patti, and others of kindred fame. Instrumental music had less of charm for me than the voice of an accomplished singer. When Christine Nilsson came to Cincinnati, fifty years ago, I had decided that I could not be justified in paying the advertised prices. But on the evening of the opening concert, in Pike's Opera House, I was overtaken with an impulse to go, about the time of the beginning of the performance, and on entering was surprised to see a number of vacant seats, one of which I occupied, favorably situated. I could not resist the inclination to go again the next evening — and so I was in attendance at all the concerts on that occasion of that supreme singer. The inspiration of that voice has never been lost. I had a liking for opera. Also for the entertainments of our May Music Festivals. But I was lacking in technical knowledge of or training in music. It seemed to have the effect of a thrill for me, of joyful nature. And it has been a satisfaction to me that my children have displayed considerable musical taste and talent. At the time when I was about twelve years of age my older brother brought to the farm a lad about two years younger than myself, whose mother, a widow, was a marketwoman in Cincinnati, and with whom my brother became acquainted in his trips to market with farm produce. In response to an expressed wish by his mother that her boy could become situated in the country my brother of- fered to take him. When he came into our family he brought characteristics of the street urchin of the tough class. But he was furnished something to do, and developed much of commendable nature. He was with us a considerable time. Later he became occupied elsewhere. In time he secured a railroad position, on the Kentucky Central, from Covington to Lexington. He went into the Civil War, after which he made a trip over the plains to Montana, for General Green Clay Smith. For several years he was situated in the Rocky Mountain regions, within which time the first Pacific Railroad was being constructed, in which work he rendered service, and in other affairs in the Salt Lake Valley and region. Later on he settled in Lexington, Kentucky. One day the past summer there appeared a man at our door who said: "CharHe, do you know me?" But I did not. I had not seen him for forty years or more. We had a gratifying visit, after he mentioned his name. He came to the city several weeks later, from his Lexington home — having sent me a letter, saying 129 where he expected to be at a stated time, and where we met, down town. With him were his two little girls, ten and twelve years of age. When they learned that there was then a granddaughter at my home on Mount Auburn, a babe a year old, they became impatient to make the trip to the house. A Scotchman, who was a shoulder-deformed person, was at my father's home for awhile in my boyhood. I do not know what brought him there, or why he remained for the time that he did. But he was one who could entertain children, and in an instructive way. On one occasion he made a remark having an economic sig- nificance which I never forgot. It was to the effect that an industry in production of an article that passed quickly into consumption, calling for constant renewal of supplies, was sure to be always in demand, and its production remunerative, if properly conducted. This had application to many staple products, such as paper, and soap, and so on. He entertained the children with various Scotch songs and poetical recitations, in a way to brighten the days then and to lend pleasure in the memories of later years. Another Scotchman, who was a visitor, impressed the chil- dren with some of his stories of his childhood experiences — among which he narrated that on many occasions his mother sent him to school with nothing but raw beans in his pocket for his lunch. And he took a handful of dry beans and passed them into his mouth, and ate them, in a manner that we are accustomed to see parched corn consumed. This man afterward had the position of steward at the Longview Asylum, near Cincinnati, for a considerable time, and was a highly worthy person. Among the many persons of note who visited my father at his farm home was Daniel Vaughn, the noted astronomer and sci- entist. This was in my young days. He lectured at Maineville. But his oratorical manner was not agreeable, and his voice was harsh. He was a quaint character — forgetful of self in his mental abstractions. In memory I plainly see him, in some later periods, wandering along the streets of Cincinnati, unmindful of things about him, unseemly in dress, bent over with a consumptive appearance, and in every way lacking in suggestion of being a great scholar and scientist, with high recognition among men of such attainments. He was born in County Clare, Ireland, and educated as a Catholic priest — and died a Catholic, in the Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati. Notwithstanding his peculiarities of appearance and manner he served influentially in promoting educational advancement. He was for twelve years professor of chemistry in the Cincinnati College of I30 Medicine, and in his wanderings he found opportunities as a tutor in Latin, Greek, and in other lines. He was a Hnguist, reading and writing German, French, Italian and Spanish. He contributed famous essays for the British Academy of Sciences, British Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, and was a writer for Lon- don, Dublin and Edinburg journals. His career, while notable, was a singular one. He was much of the time in a half-starved condi- tion, from inattention to the needs of food. In his abstractions it was said of him that he would blurt out at times such exclamations as "Damn the Irish ! — damn the Irish !" Himself a pretty good specimen of an Irishman — but not reflecting the prevailing overflow- ing fund of jocundity characteristic of the children of Ireland. Speaking of the Irish, I am reminded of experiences I had in employing farm labor. On the approach of a shower the Ger- man fieldhand would quickly run for shelter; the Irishman kept right on until driven in by liberal rainfall. In later years I found the explanation as to the Irishman, by observations of weather conditions and frequency of shower changes in Ireland. The illustrious tragedian, James E. Murdoch, located his home near Maineville, not far from our old home. He had two sons, James E., Jr., and Thomas F., younger. The latter and myself shared in occupancy of the same bench one winter term in Maine- ville Academy. We were chums, and in after years I visited him from time to time in his clerkship in the Cincinnati hardware store of Howell Gano & Co., until he went into the Civil War service, and fell, with General Lytle. He was a spirited youth — a fine fellow, full of life. The story was told that at the Murdoch home a brother-in-law made complaint to Tom's father concerning some of his doings on the place, and Tom was threatened with dis- cipline if he did not comply with what was demanded. Said he, "Father, the time was when you could make me do as you required — ^but you can't now!" On an opportunity for a brief visit with James E., Jr., not many years ago, I alluded to some of the occasions for knowledge on my part of the ability of his father in using strong language — and among the stories on this line which James then related was an instance when a carpenter doing repair work to the barn and was driving a spike with a handaxe he missed the spike and landed the blow upon his thumb, which he grasped, saying "Confound it," in his suffering, when Murdoch said : "Man, I would give five hundred dollars to be able to do that." "Do what? Confound it." "Only say confound it !" said Murdoch. 131 NUMEROUS SIDE MENTIONINGS Since the distribution of the recently issued little Token Book I have received a goodly number of letters of acknowledgment, of gratifying nature. One of my friends, who wanted a few copies for sending to persons of his acquaintance, enclosed to me a letter which he received from a Pacific Coast city, in which I found these expressions : "I read the book, from cover to cover. I have heard of Mr. Murray for many years. I used to see his paper quite often. Little personal memoirs like those in his book have, for some reason, always appealed to me. There is always something human in them that is not found in other reading matter." This is a pleasing reference to the freedom with which my pen was made use of to speak of matters and thoughts that might be of doubtful appropriateness in a publication prepared for the book market. The work in which I am now making progress, of the same nature but of wider scope, will be found to be similar in the characteristics spoken of in the foregoing quotation, of per- sonal nature. A peculiar and interesting reminder of earlier years came to me in December, 1909. The farm which I occupied at time of com- ing to Cincinnati in 1862 was disposed of a little later. A letter was received, under date as here stated, from a lady residing on my old farm, in which were these expressions : "The object of my writing is to say that I am sending you a memento of the past — the long ago past. We reshingled our roof this fall, heretofore patched. Strangely enough one shingle attracted the attention of the carpen- ters, as they tore them all off with a pickaxe. I think it was won- derful that it was noticed, and saved." This shingle upon its lower surface, smoothly shaved, bore the distinct pencil inscription, "C. B. Murray, 14th Nov., 1857." The letter said: "I hope this specimen of your handwriting will give you as much pleasure in the receiving as it gives in the sending." Thus came to light a pine shingle with its pencil inscription which was laid upon our house 52 years previously, and torn from its place by workmen having no thought of the existence of such a "memento of the long ago past." It was and is an interesting curiosity, and was received with great satisfaction and pleasure. On inspecting the inscription a daughter of mine remarked: "Any 132 one familiar with your writing now would recognize this as your writing." This incident brought to mind a letter received a dozen years or more previously from a brother of the writer of the letter herein copied, who communicated the fact that he had found a land turtle on the farm on the undershell of which was my carving of name (or initials) with date about 35 years previous to this finding. Coates Kinney was one of the celebrities of this region. He was a school teacher for a time, early in his career; for a limited period he practiced as a lawyer; was captain of a military company, recruited for the Civil War; became paymaster in the army; having a literary bent he subsequently entered upon newspaper work, and was identified with various fields of journalism. He .gained some distinction as a writer of poetry, his "Rain on the Roof" bringing him considerable fame — the poem representing six stanzas of eight lines each, the first being of introductory and reminiscent nature; the second, of dreamy recollections ; third, the memory of his mother; fourth, of his little seraph-sister; fifth, of another, "with her eyes' bewitching blue;" this, and the first and closing stanzas being as follows : When the humid darkness, gathered Over all the starry spheres, Flows and falls like sorrow softly Breaking into happy tears, Then how sweet to press the pillow Of a cottage-chamber bed And lie listening to the raindrops On the low roof overhead. ******* And another comes, to thrill me With her eyes' bewitching blue, And I mind not, musing on her, That my heart she never knew; I remember but to love her With a passion kin to pain, And my quickened pulses quiver To the patter of the rain. Art hath naught of tone or cadence, Naught of music's magic spell, That can thrill the secret fountain Whence the tears of rapture well Like that weird nocturne of Nature, That subdued, subduing strain Which is played upon the shingles By the patter of the rain. 133 In 1896 I took occasion to address Coates Kinney an inquiry concerning one of the characters designated in this poem. His reply was tardy. "Yours was one of the letters that could wait," said he. "There was no hurry, while I carried it in my pocket, and occasion- ally thought of what I ought to reply to it. Whether your loved mother-in-law, deceased, 'was the character in thought in my poem of Rain on the Roof?' Say to your wife, her daughter, yes. Say to her that we loved each other with all the ardor of school boy and school girl passion. Say that parents dammed the 'course of true love.' And there rest. Not another word to your wife. But another word or so to you." Then followed some expressions not necessary to copy — referring to how as a poor boy, while boarding with the parents of this one, attending the high-school at Springboro, the attachment was formed. "A philanthropist was paying my board, believing that there was something in me that I have never since discovered or displayed. When he found there was nothing in particular that he could see in me, I repaid him for his illusion in cash with interest. But that was the situation." Continuing, he said: "Well, your loved mother-in-law was a young girl then, and surpassingly beautiful. She was a pupil in the same school. She used to look over the top of her book at me in a way that knocked the X of my algebra into a cocked hat. Yes. She loved me till I couldn't rest; and I loved her till I couldn't rest. That was the way of it. That has always been the way of it." He said, further: "I wanted to marry her, of course. I was poor and pure, and so was she. We were boy and girl, and we loved, tragically. We longed to live together forever, romantically, you know. But it was ridiculous. I was a poor boy, going to school on the confidence of a philanthropist who had taken a fancy to me. I was a pretty boy; but where was my capital for the support of the institution called marriage?" The line in the Rain on the Roof poem, "That my heart she never knew," in the original read, "That her heart was all untrue." In his letter he said: "I enclose a revision of 'Rain on the Roof,' that softened it for her. Her heart* was not untrue. But the re- vised line is perhaps as big a lie as the original." "That my heart she never knew" represented what the author in his letter characterized as a "lie." As a youth my father im- pressed me with the harshness of the term "lie," as applicable to a falsehood, or untruth, and I have ever since had a deep dislike for such use of the word. 134 Coates Kinney was credited with holding no creed in religious beHef; that "he took no ground in such matters, but stood as the common critic of belief and unbelief." His funeral was without religious services. This provision by him is hardly consistent with a declared position of being a "common critic of belief and unbelief" — implying that this only represented his attitude of thought to the question of belief. There must be belief or unbelief, in the matter of application of such terms to religious propositions — and his clos- ing arrangement for departure seems to imply "unbelief." In a letter from Chief Willis L. Moore of the Weather Bureau, under date Washington, February 14, 1903, referring to a copied statement appearing in the Price Current of February 12, given as a weather forecast for 1903, he said: "If it were possible to make reliable long range forecasts the Weather Bureau, with its corps of trained scientists, would surely do such work for the people, as no one can overestimate the immense benefit that the agricultural and commercial interests would reap from a knowledge of what the weather would be during an advancing season. I bring this matter to your attention because I feel sure that such a valuable and relia- ble publication as the Price Current will aid the Weather Bureau in discountenancing the charlatanry of the long range forecaster." Referring to his forecasts the forecaster said: "From the above conditions the wheat crop of 1903, as well as the cotton crop, will be the most abundant in the history of the country." But the record for these crops showed in each instance a decrease in the compar- ison with the preceding year. While Chief Moore strongly ridiculed the plan of long range fore- casts of the weather as of merit or value, he later endeavored to add to the importance of his position by seeking authority for such added work of the Weather Bureau. In April, 1887, there was an injunction case in Louisiana on claims of extortionate and illegal acts by the American Cotton Oil Trust. The situation encouraged the view that this company in its practices represented conspiracy, and a plan to eliminate competi- tion. Price Current comments included these observations : "The Trust was the outgrowth of blisiness unprofitableness in the cotton oil industry. By watering the capital stock to seven times its legit- imate volume it was proposed to regulate this industry so as to make profits in the form of dividends on this extraordinary inflation of stock, which could not be made on the original basis. As a matter of fact, this anaconda scheme was not originated with a view of making money out of the manufacture of cotton oil, but 135 out of unloading an unprofitable business upon credulous capitalists on a fictitious basis. The obiect in view was to make money out of Trust certificates, secured to promoters of the cause on the basis of 14 to 20 cents on the dollar of par value, the policy being to resort to any method which designing men might conceive which would be calculated to cultivate confidence in these certificates so as to get them to a convenient point of market value to satisfy the demands of this iniquitous band." This expression by the Price Current also appeared: "From the Cotton Oil Trust standpoint it is legitimate to do anything to destroy opposition and competition. Men are expelled from mercantile ex- changes as members, and sometimes are made to suffer penal pun- ishment, for misdeeds no more seriously in conflict with good morals and the rights of fellow men than these practices of the American Cotton Oil Trust, assumed to be 'honorable.' The strong man of evil nature overcomes the weaker one and abstracts his purse — and if caught, serves a term as a prison convict. The iniquitous bands with millions of dollars conspire to do a wholesale business of robbery and destruction, accomplish their designs, and defy even public con- demnation of their course." One of the features of recreation which I have enjoyed in- cident to the long residence in Cincinnati has been the opportunities for exploits in the outlying districts and surroundings of the city, in all directions, including both sides of the Ohio River. In these tramps and ramblings I have to a large extent had the companion- ship of my wife, many times with some of the children, or of others finding pleasure in such opportunities. In this way scarcely any section, unfrequented road, forest districts, fields, hills and ravines, and spots of interest to a lover of such wanderings, has not been visited, various ones of the localities repeatedly, within this region, and to an extent not known to have been equaled by any other person. These privileges have brought enjoyment not only for the passing days of commanding them, but in the lasting and rich memories they have furnished, of personal knowledge and observa- tion of the rare and unlimited extent of natural attractiveness which this region has afforded, and still affords in a lessening degree by the extending occupancy and changes constantly going on, under the actions of men. It was reported that J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agri- culture, had put himself on record as favoring the abandonment of the crop reporting work of the Department of Agriculture. In view of this fact I prepared a statement concerning the importance of 136 this work by the government, with a protest against its abandon- ment, which was submitted to the Board of Directors of the Cham- ber of Commerce, and adopted by unanimous vote. When the American Cotton Oil Company was organized there followed evidences of questionable procedures on the part of promoters of efforts for finding investors in the stock of the com- pany. In the Price Current of March 3, 1887, this appeared in editorial comments: "If there was needed anything to support the position of the Cincinnati Price Current in its intimations of in- iquity in the Cotton Oil Trust scheme, and to justify the words of warning which we have submitted for whom it might concern, dur- ing some months past, the developments and operations of the past week have furnished it. A few men had banded together in the scheme of consolidating their interests in the cotton oil industry, in securing other desirable plants, and in paying themselves for their properties in Trust certificates on an inflation of several dollars for one, counting these certificates at par, and then relying on their ability to deceive a confiding public into the belief that these cer- tificates should be and would be worth par, as a dividend paying investment." From an advance of Trust certificates to 69 they had declined to a point as low as 423^. The Price Current said: "The life of the American Cotton Oil Trust will be an inglorious one, if its past methods are to be continued." From 1876 to 1895, covering a period of nineteen years, Charles A. Partridge was my market reporter, and otherwise an assistant in the Price Current work. His service ended from loss of physical ability to longer continue it. In my rather lengthy refer- ence to him, incident to his death in March, 1876, I spoke of his sterling characteristics and of the friendliness of our associations. In the Price Current of May 25, 1895, appeared the following : "When the building at 168 and 170 Race Street was being erected seventeen years ago the Editor of the Price Current arranged for occupancy of the rooms in which our work has been prosecuted since that time. We have felt the need in late years of facilities not available in these quarters, and which we expect hereafter to command in the new building which we have christened the Bran- don Building, in honor of that charming New England village at the western base of the Green Mountains, in Rutland County, Ver- mont, where stands the house in which the editor was born, where his earlier boyhood days were spent, and where still remain the buildings in which his illustrious parent, the late Orson S. Murray, 137 prior to more than half a century ago prosecuted vigorous journal- istic and educational work in the cause of freedom from evils of human slavery, of superstition and bigotry, and of intemperance — whose life was one of fearless devotion to performance of acts in the interest of fellow men, in accordance with his understanding of the significance and meaning of right and of ignorance.'' The Price Current of April 6, 1882, had the following: "Last week we thought it rather a severe enough experience to give the closest possible application to our statistical and other work (then presented), from 8 o'clock a. m. Wednesday to the time of leaving the office, 4 o'clock next morning — at which hour we started for our home, to return at 9 o'clock, finding the following upon our desk, in the handwriting of our talented . pressman :" P. C. Office, S a. m., March 30. Tell us not in mournful numbers Crop of hogs so short has been. Keep us not from pleasant slumbers; Give us rest, although we sin. Small or large may be the packing From November unto March — Crop of hogs which now are lacking Need no food, nor rest, nor such. But we poor forsaken devils Need our rest, as well as bread; Curse the hogs that bring the evils. Keeping us from our soft bed! * Wish I were right fiercely snoring Far away from where I am, 'Stead of staying here this morning Printing "hog," and "lard," and "ham." Under a call issued by the Board of Commissioners of the Millers' International Association, addressed to officers of Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade in the United States and Canada, such organizations were asked to send representatives to a Grain Congress, to be held at Cincinnati, June 2 and 3, 1880, to consider all questions relating to inspection, grading, elevation, transporta- tion, fire and marine insurance of grain stored and in transit, and all other questions of interest to the grain trade. Delegates repre- sented Baltimore, Chicago, Louisville, Milwaukee, St. Joseph, St. Louis, St. Paul, Toronto, Columbus, Indianapolis, New York, Bos- ton, Philadelphia, Albany, New Orleans, and Cincinnati. Pertinent expressions were oflFered by various members of the body. An ex- 138 ecutive committee was appointed, for further prosecution of the objects in view. The meeting organized by selecting S. P. Thomp- son of Baltimore as chairman, and Charles B. Murray of Cincinnati as secretary. On my returning from attendance upon some meetings at Washington late in 1908 the Cincinnati Commercial Tribune offered the following: "Charles B. Murray, Superintendent of the Chamber of Com- merce, who, besides being a delegate to the National Rivers and Harbors Congress, represented the Chamber of Commerce at a meeting called by Oscar Straus in Washington, said yesterday in connection with the President's reception of the delegates : 'Perhaps it is because people are more busy nowadays, but at former conven- tions in Washington the Presidents were more cordial and devoted more time to the delegates. When we were there during Mr. Mc- Kinley's term ten years ago, in attendance upon a meeting of the National Board of Trade, he received us in one of the executive reception rooms, and the formality was not merely shaking hands and going away, but we were detained at our and his pleasure. For example, I had my little daughter with me, then ten years old, and near the President stood a vase of beautiful flowers. The President went to these and plucking several gave them to her. Mr. Roose- velt would have had no time for that the other day when we saw him. And before McKinley's time I was a delegate when President Arthur was in office, made Chief Executive by chance. Frederick Fraley, president of the National Board of Trade, then an old man whom many of us remember and loved, made a touching tribute to the President, so beautiful and so filled with poetry that as Mr. Arthur stood listening tears coursed down his cheeks. There was no time for tears the other day, either,' Mr. Murray added." One day early in my executive relationship to the Chamber of Commerce I observed a stranger step into the entryway to the Exchange Hall and take a look of observation. I spoke to him, inviting him to pass in. He said he was enroute to another point, had a couple of hours between trains, and wished to take a look into our grand building. In the conversation that followed he said he was a resident of Cleveland, where he had been in the hardware business during many years, and that his observations had led him at an earher time to believe that the tradesmen in his line would promote their interests in forming an association and coming together in meetings, freely exchanging views and information as to experi- ences, and so on. His proposition was not received with favor. 139 The men were afraid that others might learn something from them to the advantage of the others and the prejudice of themselves in their affairs. But this man persisted until he succeeded in bringing the members of the trade together, and in effecting an organization, which in due time demonstrated to the great satisfaction of the members that by co-operation and general fellowship in their busi- ness they strengthened their power and ability for promoting their individual interests. In the '90s I had some calls at the Chamber of Commerce from an old German, who explained that he was a civil engineer, a resident at that time of Louisville, and was greatly interested in the propositions for an Isthmian canal. He claimed to have been familiar with the Isthmus conditions and topography, had been acquainted with De Lesseps, the French engineer, and he so intelligently intro- duced his description of the situation and the plans he had devel- oped for a canal route between the two oceans much shorter than even the Panama course, that I became considerably interested, and invited several of our prominent men to attend a meeting, for hear- ing what this person had to offer. He presented charts of a pro- posed course, somewhat further east than the Panama route, rep- resenting a passage from the Gulf of Darien to the Savana River, which would be brought into ship service by dredging, and utilizing this course to reach the ocean situation at the Pacific end. But while this proposed route was stated as much the shorter one, there was a mountain that would have to be tunneled — which implied an undertaking in order to provide for passage of great ships which the listeners to the proposition looked upon as of doubtful feasibility. This old engineer was G. A. Karwiese, who had an interesting way of urging attention to his plan, which received some publicity, with newspaper description and illustrations. Early one winter a number of years ago a Price Current subscriber living in Iowa in retired conditions wrote from his Southern winter home that on the trip South the crate enclosing their pet dog had been broken in the transfer at Cincinnati, and the dog was lost. He mentioned that if anyone in our office service could furnish information by which the dog could be found a liberal reward would be available. As the Pinkerton service had been en- gaged in the search I concluded that the loss of the little terrier was a matter of real grief, so I became interested, resorting to advertis- ing and detective aid, and found the dog, and shipped it to the Southern destination. My friend advised me that on receiving my telegram that I was in possession of the dog his wife in her joy 140 and emotion could not withhold a liberal flow of tears. I had a -call at our Mount Auburn home from this friend on his trip to the South at the approach of the winter of 1913-14. He said the little dog had made quite a number of the annual trips after the incident of being lost at Cincinnati, but had died. He and his wife were deeply grateful for the interested effort which restored to them their pet. In the latter part of 1872 there was a call for a meeting of pork packers, at Cincinnati. The purpose in view was to form an organization of those engaged in the industry, and adoption of uni- form rules governing operations in the different markets, especially for speculative products. Yearly meetings were subsequently held, from place to place — until the sixth of such meetings, held at Keokuk, in 1877. The chief object of such gatherings having been accomplished they were not called after the Keokuk meeting, when George B. Smyth was elected president, and Charles B. Murray con- tinued as secretary and treasurer, the title of the organization being the Pork Packers' Association of the United States. For a considerable number of years, early in my publishing operations, I was possessor of annual railroad passes between Cin- cinnati and Chicago, which facilitated frequency of visits to that market, and opportunities for interviews with prominent persons in trade affairs. How few of these men of those days now remain! Among these few is Norman B. Ream. At least I have not heard of his death. (It occurred soon after this was written.) He was a man always approachable, free in expressions and offering of views, impressing the listener with the sincerity of his talk at all times, and of the intelligence with which his observations were gov- erned. His wealth and power have contributed abundantly to de- velopment and guidance of important interests. In speaking of Ream I am reminded of a trifling incident many years ago. I was talking with him on 'Change one day at Chicago when John E. Cowles came along, and halted to say, "What do you think. Ream, Murray called me Colonel in his paper last week!" "That's nothing; I once had a dog I called Colonel!" was Ream's reply. When on a trip East in August, 1882, after some days at Atlantic City, where Old Sol gave unusual color and appearance to my head and face, I went to New York City, where I met a plumber friend, from Cincinnati. I accompanied him to the J. L. Mott Iron Works establishment, where I was asked to be seated in a chair in the office, while my friend excused himself to select some 141 goods. On going out of the office he intimated to one of the force there that he would soon return, and that his friend, ex-President Hayes, would await his coming. The unexpected surveillance that followed from the numerous men in the office service I assumed at first to be due to the ruddy appearance acquired at the seashore — but a little later the joke was revealed to me. We traveled about a week together, to localities in the White Mountains, to Burlington, Vermont, and elsewhere in that region, including Lake Champlain, Lake George, etc. But how to get even with a plumber in the joke business was beyond my wit. In 1888 James Allison was chosen president of the Board of Managers of the Cincinnati Centennial Exposition. The executive ability which he displayed incident to this responsibility led to his being called into a highly important position in the Columbian Expo- sition, at Chicago, at the head of the Department of Manufactures and Liberal Arts, and received high recognition for his intelligent devotion to the exactions of the position. On his return to Cincin- nati his name was proposed for the position of Superintendent of the House of Refuge in this city, where several hundred children were under such charge. He had some hesitation in accepting this opportunity, and came to me for my opinion in the case. I urged him to accept, knowing him to be especially qualified for this service. He held the position for a long term — until political changes and in- fluences brought his work there to an ending, after a career reflect- ing a record unexcelled by that of any other city official in the merit of service rendered. While James Allison was in the plumbing business he was not accustomed to make bids on contract work, because he would not do the kind of work that usually secured the contracts. But on one occasion he did file a bid, and was required to offer accept- able names as security, to have his proposition considered. He went to Reuben Springer, known to be accustomed to withhold his name for such purposes; but he signed Allison's paper. And so with David Sinton, a more rigid man in such particulars ; and he signed. Then to L. B. Harrison, the ironclad banker, and also got what he solicited — ^but not the contract, of which he had little expectation, but had the keen satisfaction of receiving the endorsement which he invited from the most prominent men of the day in our city, and names which probably could not have been similarly secured by any other applicant in the city. In the summer of 1904 my wife and I were for a short time at the Interlachen Hotel, Pine Lake, near Pontiac, Michigan. 142 While there a modest appearing man came in, whose personality prompted consultation of the hotel register. We fell into an agree- able acquaintanceship. When we said goodbye to him, on our de- parture, he asked for our address, including the street number. The explanation for this came somewhat later, in the arrival by mail of a beautiful volume of album form, bearing the title The American Carnation — How to Grow It; by Charles Willis Ward. "Compli- ments of the author." This work represented an interesting instance where efforts in diversion lead to important results of a practical and useful nature. The author mentioned that six years previously, "in an unguarded moment," he had been asked by a friend, head of a publishing house, to write a work on the American carnation, and promised to do so — but had not anticipated the magnitude of the task. "Never- theless," he said, "the work was undertaken with an earnest desire to do the carnation fraternity some good, as well as to increase the interest of the general public in the Divine Flower. During the twelve years in which I have been trying to learn successful carna- tion culture, large numbers of flowers and plants have been grown, and a small fortune expended in experimental work. The growing of carnations was commenced merely as an occupation by means of which to while away time which hung heavily on my hands, as a consequence of being ordered out of business for the purpose of recuperating impaired health." Etc. This beautiful volume of 300 pages, of descriptive text and pro- fuseness of exquisitely executed illustrations, is attestation of the love of the work which incidentally invited and engaged the attention of its author, representing an important aid to others. Mr. Ward was the head of the Cottage Gardens Company, Queens, New York, extensively engaged in production of horticultural specialties, orna- mental nursery stock, carnations, peonies, etc. An illustration of disposition to introduce glowing pictures of subjects having quantitative characteristics, not justified by actual conditions, appeared in the following from the Price Current of December 20, 1906: "Secretary F. D. Coburn, of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, in presentation of figures to illustrate the great resources of that State for acquisition to the wealth of the country, gives a summary of the yields and values of the year's crops, and live stock, with an aggregate for total valuation. In the details making up this total he not only states the value placed upon all the live animals in the State, but also adds the value of those slaughtered. He also counts in the corn and forage which these 143 animals have consumed to secure a position of reckoning. This duplication of factors to secure a great total may be regarded as a questionable manner of preparation of statistical exhibits. Mislead- ing statements upon important subjects should not be resorted to in order to make a pleasing picture or comparison." This practice was for many years repeated by Secretary^ Coburn, under the flaming words of "Out There in Kansas." Murat Halstead was a journalist of wide reputation. I first knew him when he was 24 years of age, in 1853, and I was 16. At that time the Cincinnati Daily Commercial was one of the most prominent of western newspapers. It was owned by M. D. Potter, and issued at the corner of Third and Sycamore Streets. Later the Commercial was issued at the northeast corner of Fourth and Race Streets, in the Potter Building — now not existing. Halstead was a reporter in 1853 for the Commercial, and in time became editor, and with Richard Smith, who had been editor of the Cincinnati Gazette, was jointly connected with the editorial work in the merged publi- cation, the Commercial Gazette. Halstead died in 1908. In my comments incident to the occasion of his death I said: "During some years of bitterness of feeling between citizens of the South and of the North, which the ending of the Civil War did not promptly remove, Halstead made himself conspicuous in his journal- istic work in this city in irrational utterances, encouraging irritation rather than pacification, and in this way he had credit for doing more for the disparagement of this city in its relations to a section of country with which our people naturally should be on agreeable terms than any other person here, however high in station, and thus having responsibility for injury which any good work to follow could not compensate for. He was a forceful journalist, governed more by an impulse to rip things open and to have credit for such work than by scrupulous and conscientious and considerate treatment of questions and measures inviting journalistic notice, and efforts for the general welfare." In November, 1911, I commented in the Price Current on inconsistencies in campaign claims incident to local election of mayor of the city, which defeated the re-election of the official then in office, whose administration had been distinctly of high order and commendable, and so worthy in all particulars that even in cam- paign contentions no one had spoken disparagingly of the man or of his work, which I held made his re-election the logical course for insuring certainty of continuance of labors in the proper direction. The quality of the man was well reflected in the letter I received 144 from him, in which were these expressions, relating to my published utterance: "The wording of the article is so chaste and the man's sole purposes as an official so well divined, that he hastens to ex- press gratitude, and further inform you that nothing has comforted him so much as these precious words of your appreciation. Defeat can never discourage when exalted utterances such as these are made in a journal whose long and useful life in the interest of Commerce in our city best portrays its sincerity. Be assured of high regard and believe me, obediently yours, Louis Schwab." When Queen Victoria's death was announced I felt that it would be appropriate for our Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce to take notice of the occasion, and so mentioned it, which led to my being called upon to prepare a suitable resolution, for presentation at the next meeting of the Board, by one of its mem- bers. But there was opposition, at the Board meeting, and it failed of adoption. The effort and the result became known to an Irish- man, a daily attendant on 'Change, who was one of my warmest of personal friends. He had no knowledge that I had any hand by suggestion or otherwise in the action proposed, which was being discussed by a small gathering of members in chairs daily occupied near the rostrum, when I heard him utter, with emphasis, "No one but a damned fool would think of proposing such an action!" He would have grieved if he knew that I was the "fool" and had heard his words. When Charles Davis, the veteran pork packer of Cincinnati, reached his ninetieth birthday anniversary I called on him. While Mr. Davis was in conversation with another caller Rev. Dr. Rust, a familiar character in the locality, far advanced in years, came in, and not waiting for any introduction said he had called to offer his congratulations to a man who had reached ninety years of age — and proceeded to where I was sitting, extending his hand to me! After Dr. Rust's departure there was something of hilarity among those remaining, occasioned by this incident. The difference be- tween the ages of Mr. Davis and myself was twenty-eight years. 1 was a member of the Board of Directors which in 1883 elected John Sherman an Honorary Life Member of the Chamber of Commerce. This action was taken in recognition of his interest and aid in securing to the Association possession of the old post- office site, upon favorable terms, when it should be vacated by the government. Three years later, in 1886, I was again a member of the Board of Directors, and I took occasion to propose the name of our dis- 145 tinguished townsman, George H. Pendleton, for such Honorary Membership. It was favorably entertained, without a hesitating voice. Mr. Pendleton was at that time serving the government as its representative in a foreign country. Before his return to Cin- cinnati his wife lost her life by an accident in New York City, and when on 'Change after arrival at Cincinnati he told the membership of his appreciation of the action which had been taken by the Board, affording him an element of solace in a time of sorrowful experience. When Mr. Henry Probasco, donor to our city of the grand fountain, erected to the memory of his brother-in-law and partner in business, Tyler Davidson, who had been removed by death, reached a point of wanting to part with a portion of his collection of valuable works of art at his palatial home in Clifton, he came to me with a request that I ascertain for him suitable and responsible parties at New York City to whom he could send paintings of a value of $50,000 or more, to be sold for his account. For what I was thus enabled to do for him, he wrote me his appreciation and satisfaction, repeating such expressions on a personal call. Mr. Probasco was the first person to be elected Honorary Mem- ber of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce — in 1871. He died in October, 1902. The Probasco-Davidson Fountain, a gift to the City of Cin- cinnati by Henry Probasco, is unequaled by any similar work of art in our country, or elsewhere in the world, when its combined features of artistic conception and representation are taken into fullness of consideration. Other Fountains are more imposing in size, but big- ness does not outweigh that which has the greater element of in- spiration, and artistic charm. No other of the attractions in our city have contributed more than the Probasco-Davidson Fountain to the fame of the locality. Not only has it served its purpose in this way, but more than this, it has helped to elevate the character of our own people. It is an inspiration to all who come within its sphere. It is unique in its line of influence, for its distinctiveness in the conceptions which it represents, in its line of art and pictures of human life — unequaled pictures in such form. The heroic figure represents the Goddess of Water, or the Rain Angel. This genius faces east, the source of light, in a central posi- tion on an esplanade on Fifth Street, extending from Vine Street to Walnut Street. Its hands are outstretched to the north and the south, pouring refreshing showers down to the world below. Fac- ing the south stands the farmer, by his withered stalks and his idle plow, and beside him his dog, with parched tongue. On the east is 146 a mother holding her naked boy, who is anxious to take a plunge in the water. Facing the setting sun is an old man, to whose lips a young woman is pressing a goblet of water. Woman is shown at the cradle and at the grave, ministering to infancy and old age. A man is shown praying for water to extinguish the fire that is destroying his home. Everywhere the importance and necessity of water is shown. At the base of the great work of art are shown children enjoying water sports. One is putting on a skate, another is listening to the roar of the ocean in the seashell at his ear, an- other is chuckling over a fish he has caught, a girl adorns her neck with coral beads, one little fellow holds a water serpent, another a pair of ducks, another a dolphin, a fourth a water turtle. The vines that climb up the central trunk draw their life from the water. Surrounding the great statue is a pool of water, maintained from the showering flow from the outstretched hands of the heroic figure. Of this enduring work of art a writer has said: "The work throughout, perhaps by the unconscious inspiration of the artist, pays the highest compliment to woman by making her the ministering angel in human life and by incarnating the minister of divinity, the rain angel, in the form of a comely woman." In 1905 the resignation of the Chief of the Bureau of Sta- tistics of the Department of Agriculture furnished occasion for a new appointee. Among others who sought the position was one of whom the Ohio Farmer said: "He it was, if our memory is cor- rect, who a few years ago gathered statistics of the apple crop for the National Buyers' and Shippers' Association. The real facts (small crop) were secretly given to the members of the Association as 'trade information.' The statistics ( ?) were widely published to induce farmers and orchardists to sell low." In referring to this comment the Price Current of August 3, 1905, said: "The unnamed person here referred to by the Ohio Farmer is one whose career has had identity with efforts for de- livery of advance information for pay, in anticipation of crop re- ports to follow. And it may be added that this person with an associate a number of years ago, made a .trip from Chicago to Cin- cinnati, to induce the Editor of the Price Current to lend its repu- tation and its services to a scheme by which the Price Current was to adopt and publish weekly crop information to be furnished by these persons, at Chicago, a synopsis of which was to be allowed to be sold by them in advance — a scheme which contemplated such a manipulation of opportunities as implied a questionable method of securing an advantage by those who possessed such advance knowl- 147 edge of what was to appear in the Price Current, a journal deemed important in such a plan because of its reputation for absolute free- dom from relationship to anything of a questionable nature in presentation of information liable to be influential in market effect." In the early days of the Chamber of Commerce the fiscal year of the organization began on September 1. This was the method when I entered upon the executive service. Other similar organizations recognized the calendar year for their annual exhibits. It appeared to me desirable to adopt the calendar year for the com- mercial exhibits, and my recommendation that this change be made was adopted. Later the Association changed its fiscal year to the calendar year. The Chamber of Commerce by-laws provided for a Secre- tary, to be annually elected, as a member of the Board of Directors — whose province it was to act as secretary of the meetings of the Board and of the Association. It was, like that of the president, treasurer, and other officials, an honorary position. The term Sec- retary in other like organizations represented the executive official appointed by the Board, while in our case it was designated by the title Superintendent. The confusion which this naturally led to oc- casioned my introduction of the designation "Executive Secretary," in connection with the title Superintendent. This has been perpetu- ated since my retirement from the official service. In the Chicago Inter Ocean in June, 1882, appeared this comment: "Mr. Charles B. Murray, publisher of the Cincinnati Price Current, has been revisiting old friends and scenes around the Board of Trade and elsewhere. Mr. Murray is remarkable for two things — his universal popularity, and the fact that he is the man who has never seen Pinafore." In the winter of 1866-67 there was announcement of the coming to Cincinnati of Edwin Forrest, and my heart was bent on seeing him. On the opening night of his engagement I was in bed with a fever that had kept me there several days — during which time Forrest was in my thoughts. I had an irresistible desire to see him — and so advised my wife, when the opening night of his en- gagement was reached. In her good sense she said, "If you think you can go, you may try it." I dressed, with her aid, and made my way to the street car, two blocks away. The sensations of weakness and nervousness then experienced on going and returning have never been forgotten. I reached the National Theater, on Sycamore, above Third Street, all right. I greatly enjoyed "King Lear," by Forrest. On my getting back home my wife told of calls. 148 including some friends upstairs in our house — but no one other than the wife had knowledge that I was not on the bed. No harm came from the exploit. One day I received a large bunch of roses, from an ac- quaintance living upon a fine homestead in the Kentucky Highlands, opposite Cincinnati. He was bom in Cincinnati — ^his parents then residing where the Chamber of Commerce Building was erected. On removing to the Kentucky home a rose bush that had been blooming many years on the Cincinnati lot was transplanted to the new situation. The flowers brought to me by this long-time ac- quaintance and friend were from that bush — more than fifty years old. I procured a cutting from its roots, but was not successful in securing its growth. This item appeared in the Price Current of August 12, 1886: "Like a plate of strawberries in October, comes to us this week the annual report of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, for the year ending August, 1885 — precious good in quality, considering, but out of season, and flavor impaired accordingly. Col. Maxwell insists on telling us of 'an amazing reduction of over 800 per cent,' in the price of paper, notwithstanding our intimation on receiving an ad- vance sheet that this style of arithmetical calculation was an inno- vation upon usual methods, such as the rest of us would hesitate in adopting." This prompted the Cleveland Iron Trade Review to say : "The Cincinnati Price Current's keen eye has detected in Col. S. D. Max- well's annual report to the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce that the latter speaks of 'an amazing reduction of over 800 per cent' in the price of paper. Will our friend, the Colonel, kindly tell us where the particular mill is located that is selling paper 800 per cent below the price asked in former years? We would like to lay in a stock against a rainy day." The pressman in the Price Current office who had been in charge for twenty-five years when I discontinued publication of the paper at the close of 1912 several years previous to that time con- ceived the desirability of a press attachment for publications of large circulation which were to be wrapped and addressed incident to folding, for mail distribution, by which all this would be accom- plished in one operation. He invented such a machine, and had it erected in space I granted to him in our press room, and he was given all needful privileges. After securing his patents, and getting his machine into a working demonstration, he finally disposed of his rights to a syndicate, from which he received enough to secure for 149 himself and family a comfortable home. He has continued in printing operations, in command of the plant and use of material and equipment which I made available without a reckoning to me, on my retirement from carrying on the printing business. This per- son is Anthony Eschenbach. Cincinnatians in the pork and beef packing and allied lines attended annual sessions of the American Meat Packers' Association in liberal numbers, incident to special train service. This facilitated sociability and enjoyment — of which there was no deficiency. Among the special features on certain occasions was a well-arranged list of songs (the party had its own musicians) and other attractive char- acteristics, printed in pamphlet form. One of those who added to the cheer of these opportunities was a person of poetical turn, who furnished a series of verses humorously presenting the names of a number of members of the party. At the first regular meeting of the American Meat Packers' Association, at Chicago, the chairman. General Michael Ryan, of Cincinnati, took occasion to call for talks from various persons con- nected with the interests represented, and present at the meeting. During such proceedings General Ryan observed me in the audience, and mentioned my name in complimentary terms, and when I reached the platform he told a Kansas story of pointed nature in introducing me. This called forth a Kansas story from me, at the opening of my response — of a town of rapid growth in that State which had reached the point of needing a cemetery, and propositions for the inscription over the entrance gate. I said that the one finally adopted for this assembling place of the dead I would offer as appropriate for the body there assembled as members of the Meat Packers' As- sociation — "We have come here to stay!" And that was enthusias- tically received. Among matters brought to my official attention while in ex- ecutive service as Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce was a case in which I was called upon to pass upon the genuine- ness of two certificates of grain inspection, received by purchasers in a distant market, under a contract for a specified grade, but on arrival of the grain it was found to be so much at variance in quality from what the certificates sent by the shipper called for that the question as to genuineness of the certificates induced the send- ing of them by the receiver for verification of the Superintendent. They were brought to him by a member to whom they had been sent with request for their presentation for the official decision. They were fraudulent, the shipper having obtained blank copies of ISO the official form, and written the name of the chief inspector as the signature. The receiving party required the immediate return of the certificates upon their examination by the Superintendent. The party who brought them being friendly to the person who had fur- nished the fictitious certificates, informed the shipper of what had occurred, upon which he departed by first train, as the Superinten- dent was informed, to see the receiving party, by which act he could bring about settlement before return of the certificates, thus avoid- ing their coming into evidence in a manner to disclose their fictitious nature. He may have secured possession of the certificates and de- stroyed them. Inasmuch as he had no tangible evidence at his com- mand to support action by the Superintendent under such circum- stances, he doubted the expediency of undertaking exposure, partic- ularly in view of the insistence of the influential party who brought the certificates to him and required their immediate return, that no action should be taken, which course in the case was decided upon, after judicious consultation as to the proper thing to do, under the circumstances described. Among the press references to the 1881 trip to Europe the Chicago Inter Ocean of November 8 of that year said : "The Inter Ocean rejoices in every good streak of fortune to the tired jour- nalist. We sometime ago noted the handsome donation of $1,000 by the merchants on 'Change at Cincinnati to send Mr. C. B. Mur- ray, editor of the Price Current, on a voyage in search of health and recreation. He has made his trip, visiting all the interesting points in the old world, and returns to his active duties invigorated and refreshed. The Cincinnati Times-Star gives an interesting sketch of his travels, and pronounces Mr. Murray the boss tourist." Many other incidents of more or less interest as illustrations of doings and practices in trade operations, within my observation and knowledge, might be related. HOMEWARD BOUND. Oh, it's home again, and home again, America for me! I want a ship that's westward bound to plow the rolling sea. To the blessed Land of Room Enough beyond the ocean bars, Where the air is full of sunlight and the flag is full of stars. — From Verses by Henry Van Dyke. 151 ACTIONS ON CROP STATISTICS. In accordance with action taken at the annual meeting of the National Board of Trade in January, 1895, commercial organizations were requested by the chairman of a committee then named to ap- point representatives to attend a meeting at Washington on April 15. There were fourteen persons in attendance at the meeting (of which I was one), representing the Exchanges at Detroit, Toledo, Chicago (2), Cincinnati, Baltimore (2), St. Louis, New York (2), Minneap- olis, Philadelphia; also, the Winter Wheat Millers' League, and the National Apple Shippers' Association. The last named body had not been asked to participate, but there appeared a person as its representative, who it was said gained access to the conference under the borrowed cover of the name of that association, and insistence of right to appear. This person, who had been in service of the Department of Agriculture in crop reporting work, took occasion to introduce census totals for the 1889 crops as confirmatory of the Department's estimates, and which had been presented to the public long before the completion of the census report. A printed refer- ence to the proceedings said : "Mr. Murray of Cincinnati called attention to the fact that Mr. Snow's declaration, while correctly referring to the near approach to the like results in totals, did not tell all that should be said on this point. He mentioned the wide disparities in the details by States in many particulars, and held that the reaching of approximately like results through a similarity in the average of errors in State totals was not to be accepted as corrobora- tion of good work. He cited various comparisons, such as the fol- lowing, relating to wheat." (The tabulated exhibit is here changed in form, the figures first given being those of the census ; the second, the totals of the Department — representing bushels when not other- wise stated.) Maine, bushels, 79,826—589,000; acres, 4,116—41,457; Pennsyl- vania, 21,595,492—16,617,000; Maryland, 8,348,177—6,171,000; Geor- gia, 1,096,312—2,383,000; Alabama, 208,591—2,502,000; Mississippi, 16,570—494,000; Texas, 4,283,344—6,189,000; Arkansas, 955,668— 1,794,000; Wisconsin, 11,698,922—16,937,000; Iowa, 8,249,786—21,- 023,000; Vermont, acres, 8,297—19,675; Georgia, acres, 196,663— 378,197; Alabama, acres, 39,641—357,377; Iowa, acres, 585,548— 1,604,838. 152 A comparison of details of the corn crop disclosed similar incon- sistencies in a striking degree, between the two reports. A series of important suggestions and recommendations were adopted by the conference, for consideration in the Department work. The printed account said: "It is proper to say that it was one of the most important meetings ever held, growing out of the actions of the National Board of Trade, and that it gives promise of more effective results than usually attend the actions of that body." J. Sterling Morton was Secretary of Agriculture at that time. He presided at the initial meeting of the delegates, and provided facilities for reporting the proceedings of the conference, assuring the visitors that the reported actions would be presented in an official bulletin. He failed to fulfill this promise, and later I obtained from him possession of the stenographer's sheets, as written from the shorthand notes. Considerable good was manifestly the result from the suggestions and recommendations of the conference, notwith- standing Secretary Morton's dereliction as to printing. Following the report of this conference J. R. Dodge, former Statistician of the Department, sent to the Price Current a lengthy communication on "Education in Crop Reporting," in which he said: "Education is therefore necessary in every grade of popular intelligence, in every class of business activities, to secure proper ap- preciation of the importance and beneficence of statistics, of what is practical and possible in collection, and of the sacredness of truth and accuracy in returns. The recent conference, in this view, is one of the signs of progress in statistical education. It is gratifying that high-minded members of trade organizations, animated by a love of fair play and equal rights for all classes, are willing to work in the open daylight of publicity upon legitimate business principles, are really solicitous for promptness, for accuracy, for truth in crop re- porting, and earnest and measurably successful in committing their organizations to actions tending to such improvement." When the Census Bureau report concerning agricultural statistics for 1900 was available to the public, in the spring of 1902, I found such inconsistencies between these official exhibits and those of the Department of Agriculture that it seemed important that action should be taken for inquiry and investigation in a manner by which faults or defects in official work of gathering and preparation of agricultural information might be discovered, and possibly, in the light of such knowledge, to offer suggestions calculated to aid in remedying erroneous methods. I laid the matter before the president 153 of the National Board of Trade, and under his approval and au- thority I entered into correspondence with the Chief Statistician for Agriculture of the Census Bureau, and the Secretary of Agriculture, resulting in assurances of co-operation in carrying out such a plan. The president of the National Board of Trade being advised of this situation requested me to proceed in selection of members of a com- mittee appropriate to undertake the work in view, under the auspices of the National organization. This committee met in Washington in September, 1902, and for nine days devoted itself most earnestly to the labors delegated to it. At the conclusion I was asked to act in formulating a report. This effort was attended with various problems calling for especial care and consideration, to secure the offering of a consistent and proper statement, upon matters of high public interest. Exchange of opin- ions and of suggestions between members of the committee promoted the work of securing an appropriate shaping of the report, which when completed I printed in pamphlet form for distribution, which included mailing as a supplement to the Price Current in November. Our report of investigations of methods of the government offices relating to agricultural statistics naturally furnished occasion for comment and criticism. It was an unselfish and unrewarded labor, impartially performed in the interest of betterment in public service — and the members of the committee became content in the belief that this object was in a considerable measure secured, as evidenced by subsequent developments. Some disposition was shown to discredit the report, but the fact that, its infonhation was true to the condi- tions which the committee found, and was fortified with, made it impossible to successfully challenge the accuracy or propriety of any of the statements introduced. This work of the Inquiry Committee, in which I had a large share of performance, I have felt to be an accomplishment of much importance and influence for the general good. It may be noted that in January following the appearance of the report of the Inquiry Committee its members then present in Wash- ington had occasion to appear before the House Committee on Agri- culture, in connection with a hearing at which the Secretary of Agri- culture had occasion to submit a report, following which the mem- bers of the Inquiry Committee were invited to join in the discussion upon questions before the House Committee. At the meeting of this committee a week previously Director Merriam of the Census Bureau appeared, giving information how his Bureau, as he claimed, could do the crop reporting work, and why it should, which claim Secre- 154 tary Wilson disputed in a positive and effective way. Director Merriam's effort was largely devoted to an attempt to discredit cer- tain statements in the report of the Inquiry Committee. The Chair- man of this committee, Mr. Harvey, spoke for its members and the report, submitting much of detail. At the conclusion of his remarks I was called upon for replies to some inquiries by the House Com- mittee, in connection with which I took occasion to speak upon the question of having crop reporting done by paid service, as suggested by some persons. I held that such a system could not be expected to improve the results, nor to maintain the merit of such informa- tion, for the reason that as a rule the person whose service could be had for the pay available could not be expected to possess the knowledge and interest in furnishing correct information equal to one governed more by the desire to have the locality properly re- ported than by the pay allowed. I held that the pay system would undoubtedly result in lowering the merit of the information. Subsequently Mr. Harvey and myself called on Director Merriam, when Mr. Harvey said to him that it was evident that officials of his office had failed to appreciate the spirit in which the Inquiry Committee had done its work. The Director at first appeared un- willing to regard the committee as having been otherwise than unfair to his office in not submitting certain statements in the report before its publication. The Director alluded to sensational newspaper state- ments calculated to put the Census work in a bad light before the public, to which he was told that over-zealous officials in his Bureau and their ill-advised newspaper friends and not the Inquiry Com- mittee were responsible for such conditions. At the conclusion of the friendly conference the Director manifested a more considerate feeling toward the Inquiry Committee than previously, and conceded that what its report claimed were inconsistencies in Census Bureau data as to land and farm areas, were such in fact, but he had not known of their existence until the Inquiry report appeared. In a letter which I received from a reader of the Price Current, under date December 17, 1902, was the following: "I want to ex- press my sense of the great public service that has been rendered by yourself and the other members of the committee which has re- cently examined the methods used in preparing government crop reports. The proposal to scrutinize the working of a government department by a committee from mercantile associations was novel, and perhaps unprecedented, but the character of its work justifies the innovation, and encourages the belief that the labors of those who engaged in it will be fruitful." 155 In January, 1906, Charles H. Keep, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury and Chairman of the so-called Keep Commission on Department Methods, submitted to the President the report of the Commission showing the result of investigations of the methods em- ployed by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Agriculture in estimating crops, and especially the cotton crop, which was more distinctly one of interest in speculative and manufacturing operations than other crops. The report said, in its observations: "The wide divergence of the results obtained by the Bureau of Statistics from the actual results by the Census, in the case not only of live stock and of all crops other than cotton, justifies, we think, the conclusion that the methods and results must be improved materially, or the service should be discontinued." Etc. My comment in the Price Current included this : "If the Com- mission were to inform itself thoroughly in regard to conditions sur- rounding the collection and compilation of agricultural statistics by the Census Bureau it would be unable to assume that the exhibits thus reached and promulgated represent definite 'facts,' unalloyed with error and unmixed with 'estimates.' It is unjust to the Depart- ment of Agriculture to assume that all the apparent divergence from the Census Bureau measurement represents error wholly chargeable to the Department work. It is not consistent with a fair or correct position to assume that because there is nothing but the Census Bu- reau data to make comparisons with such data prove error only in the Department work." The Commission report said: "We should expect, in figures ar- rived at through percentage estimates, comparing the number of animals in any year with the preceding year, and so on for a series of years, wide divergence from actual results when checked up with a farm-to-farm enumeration once in ten years by the Bureau of the Census. The subject of inquiry and the method of inquiry are wholly unsuited to each other. The same is true in large degree in the case of all minor crops. It is said that there is a demand from the public for information on these subjects, but the information it demands is accurate information." Etc. In my comments upon these statements I said in the Price Cur- rent: "The language here quoted implies an acknowledgment that while 'accurate information' is demanded it cannot possibly be fur- nished, by any effort, in these matters. It implies also that much of the critical comment upon the official work of the offices of the government in presenting agricultural statistics is unreasonable, and not justified by appropriate recognition of conditions involved. 156 The Commission report said: "The resuUs reached on cotton by the Bureau of Statistics in recent years, 1904 excepted, have not, in our judgment, merited the condemnation or the bitter criticism di- rected against the Bureau." To this I made this comment: "The report should not have excepted the 1904 estimate, considering the time when it was made and conditions surrounding the situation. It plainly foreshadowed the fact that all calculations as to extent of the crop were positively and largely short of the actual situation, and the information thus given produced a great sensation and change in speculative sentiment, notwithstanding the fact that the ultimate reckoning made the crop appear much larger than the official esti- mate early in December. That the report did not and could not at that time reflect to a nicety the extraordinary extent of yield should not be taken as implying that it was properly subject to criticism. In the light of all the features that report was a commendable and worthy one." The Commission recognized the Census "farm-to-farm enumera- tion" as fact, which is not consistent with a large proportion of such information, if "enumeration" be taken as representing known quan- tities instead of estimates of quantities by securing returns on farm- to-farm inquiries. THE INFAMY OF WAR. They err, who count it glorious to subdue By conquest far and wide, to overrun Large countries, and in field great battles win, Great cities by assault: What do these worthies But rob, and spoil, burn, slaughter, and enslave Peaceable nations, neighboring or remote, Made captive, yet deserving freedom more Than those their conquerors, who leave behind Nothing but ruin wheresoe'er they rove, And all the flourishing works of peace destroy. But if there be in glory aught of good. It may by means far dififerent be attained. Without ambition, war or violence; By deeds of peace, by wisdom eminent, By patience, temperance. — From lines by John Milton, 1671. 157 EARLY WEATHER REPORTS. A few years ago I prepared a sketch relating to initial actions in utilizing meteorological information in development of weather reporting in this country. I procured data from various sources, and had a photograph taken of one of only two copies of the weather map or chart which originated in the office of the manager of the Western Union Telegraph Company in Cincinnati, Mr. Frank A. Armstrong, this copy being of a sheet of date February 28, 1870. From the photograph I had photogravure prints made. To me it was an interesting subject. My sketch was not written with a view of securing pay for it, but as a bit of history for in- formation of readers. I offered it to one publication after another, locally and elsewhere, only to be advised that it was "not suitable," etc. It was not sensational as a story. After some two years or more of suspension of such effort I again offered it in May, 1914, to an eastern paper which presented much literary material, and after several months it appeared, considerably abridged. Some of its points are here given. The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Professor Joseph Henry, as reported, asked the telegraph companies, as early as 1849, in receiving morning reports from stations as to condition of wires to have included words indicating the state of the weather, such as cloudy, fair, etc. From such data a weather map was made in 1850, presumably the first of such applications of weather infor- mation to a map, reflecting different regions of the country. At that time there was no effort at forecasting weather condi- tions. The early map by the Smithsonian Institution was displayed so as to be accessible to the public, and incidentally there were tower signals at the Institution to indicate meteorological conditions. In 1858 disks were applied to the weather maps, in different colors, to represent atmospheric conditions, as clear, cloudy, rain, etc. Thus the reports gave indications of coming atmospheric changes and dis- turbances. It does not appear that there were systematic plans for bring- ing telegraphic weather information into service for business in- terests until 1868 or 1869, when map sheets with weather indications at a considerable number of places were prepared in the Cincinnati office of the Western Union Telegraph Company, for subscribers. 158 This enterprise attracted the attention of Professor Cleveland Abbe, Director of the Observatory at Cincinnati, 1868-73, who became an interested observer of these maps, taking an active part in their preparation, and contemplating making practical use of them in formulating forecasts, for bulletins. Under date July 29, 1868, he brought to the attention of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce a plan of operations looking to a system of storm warnings, for public information. This was followed by a further letter to the Chamber of Commerce May 7, 1869, which encouraged consideration of the question of taking steps for testing the proposed plans. Professor Abbe was authorized to make a personal tour to several points for acquiring knowledge applicable to the project. This was followed by action under which the Chamber of Commerce at its own ex- pense proceeded in demonstrating the practicability and utility of plans for public information concerning weather conditions. The Chamber of Commerce action, and co-operation of Professor Abbe, became influential in securing the establishment of a system of weather observations by the Government, under direction of the Signal Corps of the Army. This regulation became effective in November, 1870. The service later passed to the Weather Bureau of the Department of Agriculture, which was provided for in 1870. The Cincinnati weather map and system of 1869 and 1870 were sub- stantially the same as now in use by the Government, amplified, with addition of forecasts. From my sketch the following are among closing expressions : "While Great Britain, France, Germany and Japan, and other countries, have national weather reporting service and issue maps from central governmental stations, there is none comparable with our own, nor has any other Government a system of reports equal to that upon which ours is based. It would take the concerted ac- tion of practically the whole of Europe to enable those countries to equal our own area, and then they could not cope with us, be- cause we co-operate with Canada and Mexico. A survey of the field over which the stations in the United States, Canada and Mexico are scattered gives the American forecaster a very great advantage over any foreign forecaster. The attainments reached in our weather service are made possible by highly favorable natural conditions and generous support by the Government; and notwith- standing whatever there may be or have been of drawbacks in man- agement and restriction in the degree of efficiency possible to be reached under betterment of management, the value of the results to the people is beyond computation." 159 WEATHER BUREAU CHIEF'S MISDOINGS, AND ELIMINATION. Among the controversies and actions into which I was drawn from time to time from passing incidents and influences, a particular one of significance was the part I represented in giving publicity to evil conditions in the Weather Bureau management by its Chief, beginning late in 1910, and continued in 1911 and 1912. The situa- tion was not one of complaint against the general plans of the Bu- reau work in making available to the public interests the important information from this source through the agencies of the Govern- ment, but of taking notice of misuse of the power commanded by the individual head of that branch of service, and of endeavoring to secure riddance of such evil conditions, for the common good. The responsible person was of such temper as to resent in a vindictive way any questioning of his actions, instead of taking heed of such warnings in an appropriate spirit and manner. His ultimate removal was one of the most important of corrective accomplishments of the period in public service affairs, and I entertain a distinct sense of satisfaction in the part I was able to perform in aiding to bring about such a result. To particularize in these matters, it is proper to say that in November, 1910, there came under my attention some printed accounts of complaints made against the Weather Bureau manage- ment under Chief Willis L. Moore. These complaints were made by Mr. James Berry, of Washington, who had been in the Bureau service for thirty-two years, advancing to a high position, and thus conspicuous and efficient in important work. In the latter part of 1910 Chief Moore proposed a change in assignment of Mr. Berry to another locality, and to a post of less significance and lower pay, which act had the appearance of being a plan to get a man out of the Bureau office who knew too much about its mismanagement, and who could not be brought into subordination concerning such matters. Mr. Berry could not accept the proposed indignity, with self-respect, and resigned from work to which he had been deeply devoted, and in which his pride centered. His home and his in- terests were in Washington. The information received by me, representing matters of general public interest, naturally led me to refer to it in the Price Current. i6o This was followed by vicious procedure by the Chief concerning myself. In time Mr. Berry secured attention of Congressional Com- mittees, with a view to action for securing proper investigation of the Bureau management. These committees were sooner or later silenced without carrying out performance consistent with duty, and in line with the promise at the outset of such action. From time to time my paper introduced information reflecting the progress of efforts in showing evidences of the propriety of complaints and charges made by Mr. Berry, and failures in their proper consideration. About twenty-five different issues of the Price Current during the two years until my discontinuance of its pub- lication at the end of 1912 contained references to and information concerning these matters. Throughout all the controversy I found nothing in any statement or proposition of Mr. Berry inconsistent with available supportable information, or that was at variance with evidence of honesty of purpose, and propriety of effort, to secure betterment of affairs in the interest of the public, and the removal of a serious handicap upon one of the most important lines of service by the Government. In August, 1912, Representative Theron Akin of New York in expressions he was privileged to have appear in the Congressional Record introduced a large amount of informa- tion having a bearing upon the Weather Bureau controversy, which was followed by animated discussion in the House, resulting in final refusal to give such action and information a standing in the official record. But the report of all the proceedings had appeared in the pages of the Congressional Record, available to the public, and also reported expressions of congressmen strongly supporting the position taken by Representative Akin, which were not removable. Congress- man H. Robert Fowler of Illinois was one who saw the propriety of the endeavors of Mr. Berry, and rendered important service in exposing the official misconduct of Chief Moore, by dignified and intelligent efforts in this worthy movement. The culminating incident in the efforts of Mr. Berry, soon after the new administration came into power, was in getting such atten- tion at the White House as to secure the unceremonious removal of Chief Moore. Not only did these efforts accomplish the elimination of Chief Moore from the Weather Bureau, but they also resulted in the dis- missal of his Chief Clerk and Executive Assistant, and two other of the Bureau officials ; also the suspension of several others, and re- duction in salaries of a large number of other officials — this widen- ing the corrective work. i6i This matter is here spoken of for the reason that I have felt that the cause Mr. Berry had zealously worked for was one of high im- portance, in the interest of the public, and merited support. And inasmuch as he repeatedly assured me that it was this support on my part which enabled him to maintain courage and continue his efforts, in the contention, to its successful finish, I have felt that this credit accorded to my work, co-operation and influence, is one of the compliments which I hold in the highest degree of satisfac- tion, and properly has a place accordingly in this record of recog- nition given to work I have been able to perform. In one of Mr. Berry's expressions, repeating to me his feelings of appreciation of the aid I had rendered him, he said: "I can only repeat that I was at times overwhelmed and thoroughly discouraged, when your support revived me. No more welcome news was ever conveyed to a man than what the Price Current brought to me. Your time and space were liberally devoted to the cause long after other papers seemed disposed to drop the matter." In other letters he assured me that without the assistance which I rendered to him he would have failed in securing the removal of Chief Moore — one of the best achievements for the public good in governmental ar- rangements which has occurred within a long time past. Persons who were readers of the Price Current in 1911 and 1912 had before them its many references to the regretful conditions here alluded to in management of the Weather Bureau, as brought to light and attention by the persistent and thoroughly-advised efforts of Mr. Berry. Incident to my participation in this work of public enlightenment upon the Weather Bureau affairs, I made some com- ments in the Price Current of November 23, 1911, in connection with mentioning the awarding of the Symons gold medal to Cleve- land Abbe by the Royal Meteorological Society, London, in which I said: "The scientific work in the meteorological field which Prof. Abbe has carried to and has maintained in the Weather Bureau has represented a convenient basis upon which the Chief of the Bureau could make claims for himself. Professor Abbe has been the victim of indecent treatment from Chief Moore, which could not be re- sented in an effective way without loss of a position needed for its income, even under a reduction for which the Chief was responsible. When that personage can be seen in the light by which his true characteristics are made apparent, there will appear more of a venomous and vindictive nature and responsibility for misuse of power at command than has been known otherwise in the annals of high official service in government affairs in this country." 1 62 This brought a letter to me from Abbe, from which the follow- ing is copied: "Although all are willing to give Cincinnati full credit for the encouragement it gave to the early beginnings of weather forecasting, yet I hope that no Cincinnatian, and least of all our fair-minded President Taft, will give credence to the severe arraignment of Prof. Moore as Chief of the Weather Bureau, that you publish in your issue of November 23, and which must have been dictated by other than yourself, for your kind heart could not have entertained the harsh words that you have printed. Everyone knows that I have never had a thought or wish except devotion to the best in- terests of the Weather Bureau and the progress of atmospherics, and I think that Prof. Moore must be allowed to have the same single minded devotion. Among many annoyances he has done his best for the Nation and for Science. He should be respected and not defamed. I hope that on maturer consideration you will reverse your words." In my reply I mentioned to Abbe that his comments referring to credit to Cincinnati and Cincinnatians had no application to what had been said, and these matters were not under consideration. Nor was there any question raised as to his devotion to the interests of the Bureau, and to progress of atmospherics. In regard to the declaration that Moore had "done his best for the Nation and for Science," I observed that the Bureau matters had been under as faithful devotion to Truth and to Duty on my part, in promotion of that which was "best for the Nation and for Science," as could be claimed for any service within the Bureau in which Abbe had been so long engaged. In regard to the declaration that his Chief "should be respected and not defamed," I said he could not have addressed such words to me in earnest if he were in possession of and ob- servant of facts which not only invited but in the interest of justice demanded every word I had been responsible for regarding Moore's management of the Bureau. Concerning the "severe arraignment" of Moore as Chief, and intimation that another person must have dictated the "harsh words," which my "kind heart could not have entertained," I said that my utterances were not in any degree rep- resentative of another's dictation; that I had no Master to so dic- tate as to any attitude I might assume. And in regard to the hope that on maturer deliberation I would reverse my "severe words," there could be nothing to reverse or to modify until it could be shown that my words were not based on facts and knowledge of conditions justifying the words and utterances. i63 In the light of information which has come into my posses- sion since the removal of the power of Chief Moore I find evidence that when Abbe wrote to me what I have here introduced he was under "dictation," and not sincere in the use of language; that it was not a "heart" expression; that it was hypocritical; that he did not command the courage of his feelings and convictions, in his words. Compare his expressions addressed to me, as herein stated, with words in a reply to utterances to him from a man high in meteorological work, who said to him: "Your support of Moore to the manifest injury of science was a miracle of human nature." To this Abbe repHed: "I have reason to believe that I was the worst enemy that Moore had, although I had a different way of expressing it from yours and Berry's." It is pitiable to have to think of men who have contributed much to public welfare, especially of technical nature, receiving high recognition, that their character under stress of dictation or higher power is not strong enough to maintain recti- tude, sincerity and independence, and that when the day of freedom is reached assume an attitude distinctly inconsistent with that de- clared previously. Look at the two pictures! In the Price Current of August 31, 1911, I presented informa- tion under the heading "Reasons for Criticism of the Weather Bu- reau Chief." It was in the nature of a review of what the Price Current had taken occasion to say and to offer in its columns up to that time having relation to the Weather Bureau affairs, including declarations by Chief Moore, and comments upon his misstatements and unsupportable assumptions. It is not deemed desirable to intro- duce here the details of the various phases of these incidents. But there is an inclination to offer a sample of what the developments represented in some of their features. On August 17, 1911, as Editor of the Price Current I addressed Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson with some expressions which the actions of the Weather Bureau Chief called for. The introductory portion was in this language: "Under date August 6, 1911, I addressed the Chief of the Weather Bureau, of your Department, as follows : 'I have learned that you have issued strict orders prohibiting anyone con- nected with the Weather Bureau from furnishing the Editor of the Cincinnati Price Current with any information whatsoever. I desire to be advised if this is true, and if so, for what reason.' The Weather Bureau has long issued a Bulletin, weekly in the crop growing portions of the year, monthly at other times. The Cin- cinnati Price Current received these Bulletins regularly prior to three weeks ago, publishing information from them. . . If I am 164 entitled to such information, as Editor of the Cincinnati Price Cur- rent, I must expect that in recognition of facts now brought to your official attention you will direct your subordinate as to what is his duty in the particular case herein stated — and without delay." Prompt reply was not made — and when it came it was signed "Willis L,. Moore, Acting Secretary." As to whether Secretary Wilson turned my letter over to the Weather Bureau and was con- veniently absent so as to avoid replying himself is not apparent only by surmise. Under date August 24, 1911, Willis L,. Moore as "Act- ing Secretary" said among other expressions : "As you are engaged in a propaganda of abuse and misrepresentation of the Weather Bureau, the Chief of the Bureau has issued orders to subordinate stations that communications received by them from you shall be forwarded to him for action." As excuse for cutting off the Price Current from receiving the Bulletins of the Bureau he said: "You have co-operated with a former employee of the Weather Bureau in an unwarranted attack upon that Bureau." I was told that under an application to the Chief of the Weather Bureau for such infor- mation as I might desire, of reasonable nature, it would be granted. This Chief in the misuse of official power made an appeal to the management of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce to disci- pline me for my utterances as Editor of the Price Current. Chief Moore in his maliciousness charged me with attacks upon the Weather Bureau, and of misrepresentation, in neither of which can it be shown that such charges by him were based on facts or truth. I made no attack upon the Bureau, in all that I found oc- casion for saying of misdoings on the part of its Chief, and I never made any representation in these matters which were not consistent with and supportable by evidence. The Chief proved himself a mas- ter in unwarranted attacks and charges, in misrepresentation, and in fiction in statements. This transgressor upon decency was in time properly disposed of by the President. A MEMORY SWEET. You will be glad If, in the eager strife for place and gain, You sometimes pause, not thinking it in vain To spend sweet moments near to Nature's heart; To feel the spell of Music and of Art; Heeding the danger that around you lies Of letting labor dull the soul's glad eyes; Stand oft in the Ideal's magic light — A world removed from care shall greet the sight — You will be glad. — Alice Jean Cleator. i65 FACTORS IN A GREAT INDUSTRY. In my work and efforts in furnishing information for knowledge of the meat packing and allied interests, in statistical and other state- ments, I was to a considerable extent brought into personal contact with men who were prominent in operations in such lines. The foundation builders of the great meat packing industry in our coun- try were strong and courageous men in developing productive enter- prise. They included the Laytons, John Plankinton, the Armours, the Kingans — all of whom have passed to history and rest, excepting Frederick L,a)rton, now in his 88th year, and still in enjoyment of powers and interest in Hfe applied to helpfulness of others, which has distinguished his career, all in a modest manner. These enterprising spirits, with the advance of time, brought into their association in this line of enterprise the Swifts, the Mor- rises, the Cudahys, the Sinclairs, the Sulzbergers, John P. Squire, the Dolds. and others, strengthening the developing work of the great and important industry, which has commanded the best of genius and of constructive, productive and directive powers in its conduct. In the attainment of the position reached, the observers of today give little thought to the men who gave impulse to the be- ginnings of the industry, and who should have appropriate recogni- tion. It was held by the Price Current that the prevalent or pop- ular assumption that concert of action to secure general understand- ings between those who have the management of great industrial operations is prejudicial to public policy, was a matter of journalis- tic attention on my part, taking the view that such understandings in competitive establishments instead of being of evil influence upon either or both the producer and the consumer may serve such inter- ests favorably, and the "combination" among this country's great packing establishments, whatever there may be of such nature, may be held as meaning more that is good than is bad in effects upon the interests of those who produce and market the raw material as well as those who purchase and consume the products. There is no excuse for an intelligent writer to charge that such understandings represent an evil condition. There is no industry in our country today having in large measure a bearing upon the interests of producers and of consumers 1 66 which is more deserving of favorable recognition for what it has done and is doing for the general good than is the meat industry in this country, as reflected in the operations of what has been stigma- tized as a "trust" and a "monopoly." To characterize the concerns which are carrying on this industry as parties to a "remorseless com- bination," as has been asserted by the press, is an outrage upon decency and worthiness in industrial endeavor, and a violation of those principles that should govern journalism. In speaking of Mr. Layton, in these comments, I am re- minded of an incident on a call from him here at Cincinnati. He was at that time interested as a holder of lard. In his speculative operations he acted as an investor — not as a trader on margins. He said to me : "It takes nerve to buy when the market is dull and depressed, when one ought to buy, and it takes nerve to sell when the market is active and advancing, and it is the time to sell." He related an instance of having purchased securities representing prop- erty he had reason for thinking favorably of, but the price of the stock declined. He held it, however, and later, when it had ad- vanced and was in active demand, he was asked by a broker about his holding, and was told that he had sold the stock. "What, sold the stock on this advancing market !" "Yes — this is the kind of market I have been waiting for." He had a profit, and secured it. In October, 1908, Mr. Layton was at the annual banquet of the American Meat Packers' Association, at Chicago. The Chairman announced that he had been elected an honorary member of the Association, and was present. From the Price Current reference to the banquet this is copied: When Mr. Layton rose to speak at the banquet, from a seat at the speaker's table, the editor of the Price Current, seated in the opposite direction from the toastmaster, being unable to hear the words of Mr. Layton, rose and passed to a posi- tion behind him. Under the greetings following the cessation of expressions by Mr. Layton, on finding the old friend behind him, there was an incident under impulse and forgetfulness of the situa- tion that led to the following reference to it in the banquet report of the Record-Herald: "After Mr. Layton had concluded his talk he was embraced, as he stood on his feet, by Charles B. Murray, editor of the Price Current, a white-haired man of possibly 78 (71) years. This touching and impromptu little bit gave the cue for long and hearty applause." Mr. Layton for a long term of years was one of the Board of Directors of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway. In the Price Current of October 4, 1900, appeared the following: i67 "An announcement comes from Milwaukee that after fifty-five years of active business life Mr. Frederick Layton is to retire, and that the house established as J. & F. L,ayton, and continuing for a long time as Layton & Company, is to be succeeded by a corporation known as The Layton Company. . . The career of Mr. Layton has been interesting, for its illustration of the fact that while one engaged in an industry which in the nature of competitive and other vicissitudes has called for exacting attentions and sagacious direction of business operations, he may find time and inclination to become interested in the affairs of the community which count for elevation and advancement, for education and culture. Many years ago Mr. Layton, at an outlay of several hundreds of thousands of dollars, representing a considerable proportion of his accumulations from a long business career, gave to the city of Milwaukee the Layton Art Gallery, the refining and helpful influence of which he has never ceased to promote and extend. And with all that he has done for the welfare of individuals and of the community he has ever been modest, finding greater joy in the knowledge of ability to provide for such benefits to others than in any ostentatious references to it. In business matters Mr. Layton has been an example of the highest type of honor and appreciation of the proprieties and equities which should ever prevail. Personally he has been the genial, modest, quiet gentleman, attracting to himself the profound esteem and affection of those who have been favored with his acquaintance which nat- urally is accorded to such a lovable man." HOW TO LIVE. Let me but live my life from year to year, With forward face and unreluctant soul; Not hastening- to, nor turning from, the goal, Not mourning for the things that disappear In the dim past, nor holding back in fear From what the future veils, but with a whole And happy heart that pays its toll To Youth and Age and travels on with cheer. So let the way be up the hill or down, Though rough or smooth, the journey will be joy. Still seeking what I sought when but a boy, New friendships, high adventure, and a crown; I shall grow old, but never lose life's zest Because the road's last turn will be the best. — Henry Van Dyke. 1 68 LAKE MOHONK CONFERENCES. In 1882 Albert K. Smiley, one of the Government Indian Com- missioners, so appointed in 1879, when in attendance upon a meeting of the Commissioners at Washington was impressed with the feeling that the questions before them were not considered by that body in a manner consistent with their humanitarian importance, and that a conference should be arranged for, incident to presence of public officials and others, concerning these matters. His wife, in full sym- pathy with him in such lines, encouraged him to invite a .large num- ber of persons to such a conference, to be held at their mountain home, a notable summer resort at Lake Mohonk. About sixty per- sons thus assembled as guests of Mr. and Mrs. Smiley. This was the beginning of the notable Mohonk Conferences, which later ex- tended to the consideration of dependent peoples other than Indians. Lake Mohonk is about one hundred miles north of New York City, a little west of the Hudson River, on a mountain range about twelve hundred feet above the surrounding valleys. In 1895 Mr. Smiley introduced another and broader plan for work in the service of humanity, by inaugurating the Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration, which from year to year has represented a movement of high distinction in the world's efforts in the cause of humanity, through international peace understand- ings. The numbers in attendance increased to about three hundred, for three days of sessions in each instance, bringing together phil- anthropists, government officials, jurists, educators, clergymen, offi- cers of the army and navy, editors, business men, diplomats and others — entertained as guests of Mr. Smiley, for the period covering arrivals, sessions and departure. Invitations from Mr. Smiley to visitors included their wives, thus giving to the assemblages the influence of a considerable number of women, some of whom shared in discussions. In 1904 an invitation came to me from Mr. Smiley for myself and wife, but I could not then attend. This was followed by an invitation in the following year, when I arranged for the trip, and was present at four subse- quent meetings — representing privileges of very great interest to me. In three of the five yearly meetings which I attended at Lake Mohonk my wife accompanied me. At the meeting in 1905 I men- tioned in my remarks that I had formulated the only proposition 1 69 on International Arbitration that appeared on the program of sub- jects for consideration at the meeting of the National Board of Trade in the preceding year, while on the 1905 program there ap- peared such propositions from nine organizations, which was to me a matter of much self-satisfaction, in view of its evidence of widen- ing sentiment in such cause, among men allied with activities. Upon the death of Mr. Albert K. Smiley in December, 1912, his brother, Daniel Smiley, previously associated with him, became the leader in the further arrangements for the Conferences. At the Lake Mohonk Conference in 1906 in my remarks I said: "If this Conference closes without taking action declaring in favor of prompt steps by our government for abandonment of the waste- ful outlays in the form of war preparation, I shall feel that it will fall short of doing an important thing that it should do. Action in such direction by our government would set an example to other nations which would command the respect of the world, and greatly add to the prestige which our country has already attained among the leading Powers of the earth. It may be a bold proposition to argue that our country shall ignore the interests of those concerned in perpetuating the military evil and the rivalry in naval equipments and land defenses, but it is a righteous proposition. When this country shall be subject to destructive attack by other nations, if ever, the naval forces of today will most likely be superseded by aerial actions. But let our country become so independent of the war spirit in all its characteristics that the world shall know that no apprehension of attack exists here, and no thought of making attack upon others prevails among our people — that peace with all mankind is held as of the highest degree of dignity in our relations with other nations. Thus we will insure peace to ourselves and encourage a like condition among other powers." The events of today, in the world warfare now prevailing, while this is being written, only eight years from the date of the Confer- ence in 1906 herein alluded to, give support to the pertinence of the interpretation then given in my expressions as to what might be expected of later application of destructive forces, in a manner which had not then been brought into development nor were being contemplated in public observations concerning future possible con- flicts. Aerial warfare in its merciless death-dealing work makes no distinction between the conbatants and the innocent noncombatants, men, women and children. Is this an advancement in civilization, in treatment of human beings by human beings? Any action, aerial, undersea or otherwise, attacking noncombatant lives is murderous. 1 70 At the Conference in May, 1908, it fell to my lot to convey to the general meeting the proposition adopted by the business men in special session, a part of my remarks being as follows : "In submitting an expression adopted at a meeting of the dele- gates of business organizations who have come here to learn in one way and another not only of what is being done by the Mohonk Conference, but also as to what should be done by the bodies from which these delegates have come, in promoting the international arbitration sentiment, there is occasion for offering some remarks. Closely allied with humanitarian and economic questions and objects in the movement for international arbitration, as a means for secur- ing the highest degree of the world's peace conditions, is the busi- ness interest of the people of civilization. Commerce serves more than other influences to induce a common interest in the cause of peace. International commerce has been and is doing much, proba- bly more than other distinctive causes, in promoting understandings between nations, and is awakening recognition of the value and im- portance of relief from the wastages of warfare, under conflict and under preparation for conflict. "The Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration, now holding its fourteenth annual meeting, has enlisted in recent years the co-operation of bodies directly concerned in industry and commerce, in encouraging development of sentiments belonging to such a movement. The representatives of these bodies present on this occasion realize the significance of the service which the Mo- honk Conference is performing, and realize the existence of oppor- tunity for the interests concerned in industry and commerce to more fully join in movements for promoting the world's peace." Etc. From the L,ake Mohonk meeting in 1910, which I was unable to attend, I received a telegram signed by the chairman and secretary of the delegation of business men in attendance at the Conference, as follows : "Delegates from business associations at Lake Mohonk, in meeting, express their deep regret at your enforced absence, rec- ognizing your continued interest in the movement for international arbitration, and your valuable service in the cause. They express their hope for your early return to health, and send their greetings." My telegraphic reply was: "Greetings and expressions from meeting of delegates of business asociations assembled at Lake Mo- honk Conference profoundly appreciated. No gatherings have I more enjoyed co-operating with, in a cause which deserves the best from the best of the human family, than the Mohonk meetings. For your personal words I thank each and all of you." 171 HELPFUL INFLUENCES. There might be mentioned the names of numerous persons in this connection who have contributed special support and encourage- ment to me in the sometimes difficult efforts undertaken and prob- lems confronting me. Fellowship and friendship are the elements in life that strengthen individuals in their power for helpful per- formance and of ability to find true value and enjoyment in exist- ence. Oliver Wendell Holmes has said: There is no friend like the old friend Who has shared our morning days; No greetings like his welcome, No homage like his praise. Fame is the scentless flower, With gaudy crown of gold; But friendship is the breathing rose. With sweets in every fold. There is an impulse to allude to some of these incidents of Hfe in my career. The list might be much enlarged, beyond what I shall mention. But this is not deemed to be called for now. For half a century I have had the acquaintance of a man whose friendship in many ways has been helpful to me here at Cincinnati. When serious propositions confronted me he was one to whom I could go for suggestions as to propriety of action. His judgment was that of a thoroughly practical man — and the fellow- ship that developed was such as to mean much to me, in its strong sentiments of attachment. That fellowship is cordial today, in the fullest sense. In 1888 Cincinnati had a Centennial Exposition. It outranked anything of the kind that had been accomplished in this country, if a comparison with the Philadelphia demonstration of 1876 be omitted. Great as that was it did not equal in some features the aggregation of elements illustrative of the advancement in industry and civilization, under education, art, invention, mechanical devel- opment, science, and other factors in the list of influences counting for the general welfare, in the comparison with the great demon- stration at Cincinnati. This friend of mine was called into presi- dency of the organized body whose province was to carry this un- dertaking into execution. This person was James Allison. And as 172 president he was not a figure-head official, but the active and efficient executive and worker, whose genius, power of conception, and ener- getic devotion brought about results eminently creditable to the ef- fort, and promotive of the fame of our community, for its exalted position in progressive interests. When Chicago proposed to have an Exposition, to be a World Feature, with plans for a Great White City, strong rnen were needed for execution of the project. Among the great departments was one delegated to Manufactures and the Liberal Arts. The name of James Allison was among those under consideration of Lyman J. Gage, who held the position having power of decision in the selection of the Chief of this important department. Mr. Allison was brought into charge of the responsibility, and received abun- dantly of recognition in the form of commendation and tribute, from our own people and from distinguished foreigners. After the completion of this work Mr. Allison returned to Cin- cinnati. One day he came to me saying he had an opportunity for appointment as Superintendent of our House of Refuge, an insti- tution of detention for children needing conditions of restraint. He had some hesitation in accepting such appointment, but I urged him to accept it, believing that he was eminently fitted for such a re- sponsibility. At the end of about seventeen years in such charge he lost the position under municipal administration changes — an un- fortunate occurrence, in the interest of a class of children needing just the kind of helpful and inspiring influence as was received from James Allison, by its many hundreds of subjects. In 1876 (as memory now serves me), I first met a person between whom and myself began at once a friendship which devel- oped into more than ordinary brotherly affection. This glowing sense of heart sentiment between us has never waned. From him I have received more of inspiration, more of strengthening influence in life's endeavors, than from any other man. I know that I hold a place within the sphere of his heart as no other one does. I know that so long as life and reason attends me no other man can be so ever-present with me in the spirit which means more than any words can explain. This person is William S. Harvey, of Phila- delphia. He is a profound worshiper of Divinity. I am an absolute Atheist. But there is a common sympathy between us in the moral attributes of life that is not set aside by differences in convictions upon questions of religion. In my journalistic and statistical work I found occasion for contact with persons of varying characteristics. There was one 173 person, among all these, who in such lines rose above the others, in character and performance that commanded fullness of respect on my part. And he is now, above all others in our country, giving forth to business interests the results of unceasing efforts for presentation of current information concerning grain crops and al- lied interests, in a manner consistent with honesty of purpose, devo- tion, and unwavering action, governed by intelligence and experience in such work. The fame of the great city of Chicago, and of its trade interests in the products of agriculture, owes more to this person than to any other — in the work that he has performed — and I know of no one who will appropriately fill his place and so well perpetuate his service in the special and valuable labor he has long been performing. We have long been in intimate and close associa- tion in much of important work, and under his influence and true manhood I have found aid and strength in my undertakings. This person is Mr. B. Frank Howard, at the head of the firm of pub- lishers of the Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin. Late in my career it fell to my lot to become interested in a cause representing a grievance which had overtaken a person long in important governmental service, and who had found occasion for entering upon an unfolding of iniquities on the part of a high offi- cial, held to be a serious interference with the proper working of an important branch of government service in the general interest of the public throughout the country. This person was James Berry, of Washington City, for thirty-two years in the weather reporting work of the government, until conditions led to his retirement, by resignation, in the latter part of 1910. It was so clearly evident that there was honesty and merit in the attitude of Mr. Berry that I was impelled to give him support in his efforts, which led ulti- mately to elimination of the official from the position he had long held and had made misuse of as Weather Bureau Chief. The only personal contact on my part with Mr. Berry had been some brief calls upon him years ago in the Weather Bureau office, at Washington, incident to my recognition of the merit of his work in the climatic and crop condition reports of the Bureau. But the co-operation in the efforts for removal of evil conditions in the gov- ernment service led to a most cordial friendship, which has been attended with maintenance of much of personal correspondence, that has been more than welcome to me, in the period since the work under which it had its beginning had been accomplished and brought to a finish. This later correspondence has strengthened our friend- ship, has disclosed close sympathetic views and agreement upon 174 questions of high interest and influence upon the lives of men, and has afforded me much of joy and of helpfulness when fellowship has a forceful influence for good upon a case of waning vitality. One day, many years ago, there called upon me in the Price Current office a man who had been one of my teachers while attend- ing a course in Bartlett's Commercial College, in my twentieth year of age. He had a friend with him, and explained that this man had submitted to him some plans he had in view concerning intro- duction of illustrations of our city and surroundings, from pho- tographic views. He had been an enthusiast in taking such pictures, and was increasingly impressed with the charms of this locality, thus disclosed. My old teacher-friend brought this man to me, for any comment or suggestion that might be offered on my part. Soon thereafter there appeared "Picturesque Cincinnati" — a beautiful pres- entation, by A. O. Kraemer. This has been followed by highly important works on such lines, upon which he has been and is devoting his energies. He is at the head of the Kraemer Art Com- pany, of this city. His labors in making available unequaled illus- trations of the attractive features of the city and region have served greatly in widening knowledge of the beauties, development and progress of Cincinnati and vicinity, surpassing anything else done here in such achievements. A very cordial friendship exists be- tween Mr. Kraemer and myself, which I deeply cherish, and appre- ciate for the good this man is accomplishing for this community. A strong degree of affection has long existed between myself and Michael Ryan, of Cincinnati. We came together in connection with the pork trade, in which he was engaged, and incident to which I gave attention to statistical and other information. We have been in intimate relations to a large extent, in and out of Chamber of Commerce affairs, in which he served a term as president. He was ever ready to act in promoting a good cause — so much so, and with such intelligent zeal, that I long felt that he was as near being entitled to the distinction of being "our first citizen" as any man in this community. In recent years his enlarged business operations and exactions, with the loss of some of his physical vigor, have occasioned his retirement to considerable extent from prominent identity with public affairs. He is at the head of the Cincinnati Abattoir Company, the largest producer of meat products in this city. To him I am greatly indebted for support and helpfulness in my endeavors, from the long ago. He was the first president of the American Meat Packers' Association, of which he was later made an honorary member. 175 SPECULATIVE TRADE SUBJECTS. Tradesmen invented the terms * "bulls" and "bears" as designa- tions of the nature of interest in or attitude toward market conditions and prices — the "bull" directing his vision to an ascending tendency while the "bear" looks in the opposite direction. Persons engaged in speculative trading in products, and producers of such products, have to a considerable degree given application to the bull and bear terms to commercial writers who merely give attention to current conditions and tendencies or understood evidences applicable to later situations, and so the Editor of the Price Current was with fre- quency the subject of credit for the distinction of being either one or the other of these market elements. In October, 1883, an illus- tration of this kind appeared in a letter to the Price Current from a farmer reader at Waverly, Indiana, in which this appeared: "I place much reliance on your gathered facts and opinions, but I wish to ask you, in all kindness, are you not constitutionally a 'bear?' . . I am a fanner, and very naturally wish for (what you would call) high prices, for selfish reasons." Etc. The, writer of the letter was a grower of hogs, and the Price Current had offered information as to what might be expected of market conditions as the season progressed. In the comment these expressions appeared: "We were told early in the year that it was 'no year for bears.' But we did not believe it. But, seriously, we do not accept the terms 'bull' and 'bear' as applicable to a journalist whose work it is to furnish facts and opinions impartially, for what they may be worth, and to whatever approximation to the course of events they may show. We have no personal interest in the value of products, outside of purchases for the table around which we delight in witnessing the evidences of good appetites." Etc. An illustration of a large share of human nature. In the following issue of the Price Current appeared this para- graph : "One of our city readers who sharply criticised us for the posi- tion which we took in regard to wheat when it was selling at about $1.06@1.08, in the early part of the harvest period, who was then buying liberally in expectation of an early advance, and who has been protecting his purchases and adding to them all the way down to near 90 cents, greeting us on 'Change some days ago with 176 a laugh at our Indiana criticism, last week. 'Why didn't you tell him that the bear talk of the Price Current had been fully supported by events, and that we bulls have lost money not by its arguments and information, or acting upon its suggestions and opinions, but had lost money in ignoring them.' We replied that there was no need of saying this — it was plain enough, and would look as if we were exultant over our fault-finders, in having been vindicated in furnishing trustworthy information and conservative opinion. Now comes a letter from one of our readers in the country, who says: 'Such as your Waverly (Indiana) correspondent, and your "one reader" in Cincinnati, "setting down on his hog product," might as well fault the weather indicators, for pointing out to them things fatefully foreboding to them disagreeable weather, affecting their business, hurtfully to their feelings, and possibly to their moneyed interests.' " Concerning these weather comparisons the Waverly farmer later offered this observation: "Your predictions are essentially different from the man who forecasts the weather; the man cannot affect the weather, but you can affect prices. Yours and others' opinions are powerful auxiliaries in making prices." To which it might be said that it is the person who ignores the weather man's predictions who suffers discomfort, and it is the interested person who ignores the opinions and impartial information having influence in making prices who also suffers from discomfort. In the Price Current of December 12, 1889, in its comment on the Chicago wheat market it was said that Chicago was less at- tractive to outside speculators than formerly, there being a feeling that the erratic and powerful room trader who commanded so much comment was able and liable to punish the operator, whatever posi- tion he might take. It was intimated that this room trader should be "fired," and that the entire Board should combine with this end in view, which would quickly be done, but for the fact that so many members were plastered by his brokerages. In an editorial the fol- lowing week, mainly devoted to the influence of the room trading in causing the decline in business from outside orders, the following appeared : "The Editor of the Price Current was on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade last Saturday, during a portion of its session. He heard from members many expressions commendatory of the decla- rations in last week's issue of the Price Current. Someone called the attention of a great figure there (Old Hutch.) to the paragraph, and to the fact that the Editor was present. The vehemence of 177 manifestation on the part of the speculator which resulted attracted much attention. From a local press account the following is copied: 'When Murray came on 'Change this morning the big speculator's temper was at white heat. Instead of approaching Murray and roasting him to his face, as has been his usual practice until quite recently, he pranced about him and made fiery remarks about news- papers in general and the Cincinnati Price Current in particular. The remarks were not made directly to Mr. Murray, but were shouted out so that he could not fail to hear. The provision traders adjourned business, and flocked around to hear the harange. In spite of all he could say, however, he could not induce Murray to open hostilities by answering him. Murray shifted his position when the crowd around him became too large, and the old man finally exhausted the language and walked away.' " Actions and controversies at Chicago years ago in regard to the influence of bucketshop operations became features of much in- terest. In my comments in the Price Current in November, 1886, I remarked that in the war that had been waged against bucket- shops under the pretense that they were immoral institutions, the nature of the argument has been changed, and more nearly reflected the animus of the fight. A Chicago publication was quoted as say- ing: "The bucketshop is recognized as a dangerous enemy and a piratical competitor for the speculative business that naturally be- longs to the regular commercial exchanges. It must be destroyed." The speculative operations of the Chicago Board of Trade had so greatly fallen off as to prompt actions for removal of causes for the decline, if possible. In references to the official and other ac- tions of the Board of Trade there was nothing introduced to the disparagement of that exchange covering its facilities for and opera- tions in actual business. In my comments incident to the passing bucketshop questions appeared this : "What do the dealers in actual property, on the Chicago Board of Trade, care for the bucketshops? They are not competitors in that line of operations — and in no line other than 'wind' or betting business." But it had been and was widely held among business men that the Board of Trade members at Chicago had responsibility for methods in treatment of orders for speculative purposes which were largely influential in causing the loss of such business, having created a widespread feeling of uncertainty as to strict faithfulness in the execution of orders. It was authoritatively stated that large buying orders which had been transmitted at particular times to commission men on the Chicago Board of Trade, representing millions of dollars 178 in volume at a time, when the reports of that market gave no evi- dence that such orders had been regularly treated, and the prevailing talk was to the effect that business was lifeless, and orders scarce. From the standpoint of the Price Current the evil influences were not all attributable to bucketshops, which occasioned loss of busi- ness by the Board of Trade. The closing expression of comments by the Price Current under date November 18, 1886, was this: "There are reasons why the bucketshops catch the 'trading,' and reasons why there has been a decadence in the volume of speculation on the Chicago Board of Trade — an institution which perhaps may quite as advantageously direct its attention for awhile to self-puri- fication as to the work of ridding the community of its legitimate offspring called a bucketshop." The Price Current article created considerable commotion at Chicago. The succeeding issue of the paper had several columns of comment incident thereto, editorially and otherwise. The Chicago Tribune in its comments said : "It is peculiarly galling to the Board of Trade to be publicly told by the Cincinnati censor that it might advantageously direct its attention for awhile to the work of self- purification. . The general sense of the Board on this Cincinnati editorial is pretty well voiced in the opinion which President A. M. Wright expressed, saying that the article in question is full of as- sumptions and untruths, and there is not a line in it that does not lead up to a lie." Etc. In copying the Tribune article the Price Current said : "Mr. Wright shows that he is lacking in gentlemanly qualities, when he lowers himself to personal assaults to give vent to feelings of dis- pleasure at just criticism upon misdoings on the Chicago Board of Trade. There is not a word in the utterances of the Price Current at which an honest member of the association of which he is presi- dent has any occasion for being disturbed — and it is only such as feel themselves hit by the direct words against evil practices, and those whose acts are or have been at variance with integrity and the rules of the Chicago Board of Trade, who need to feel any smarting sensation from our words. To us it appears that it would be insult to the intelligence of A. M. Wright to suggest that he does not know, as others know, that what he refers to as our 'assump- tions' are facts. His declaration that our statement 'is full of un- truths, and not a line in it that does not lead up to a lie,' manifests the irritation of an insincere person, lacking in disposition to adhere to truthful statements when situated in an uncomfortable attitude. . . When Mr. Wright talks about 'mean and cowardly' acts of 179 Editor Murray, it might be said in return that this editor has never endeavored to go back on the obhgations of a contract, in any man- ner, such as Mr. Wright has, as recorded in the Chicago Board of Trade history. Mr. Wright's personal assaults upon 'Editor Mur- ray' have no justification by any act or word, and nothing can be 'meaner' or more 'cowardly,' in controversy." In my general comments I said : "If the Chicago Board of Trade wishes to elevate itself above the position into which it has fallen, by which outside operators have learned to feel that they no longer have a fair chance in that market as a rule, the way is clear and easy for effecting such an end." I suggested in detail as to methods which if adopted would accomplish this. These incidents were followed by talk of having a committee await upon the Editor of the Price Current, "and demand the evi- dence he claims to have in his possession against certain members of the Board." This proposition had opposition. One member was quoted as saying : "If Mr. Murray has a grievance, let him state it and bring on his evidence. We will not furnish him a pitchfork to throw ordure at us." To this the following comment was made: "Mr. Murray has not intimated that he has any 'grievance,' but has distinctly stated that he has not. He has simply been entertaining questions from a journalistic standpoint, giving palpable causes for matters complained of by members of the Chicago Board of Trade. Some of these causes were bad practices on that Board. If there is need for evi- dence not furnished through the actions of the Board of Directors in recent trial and discipline of members guilty of misconduct to support all our propositions, additional evidence will be made avail- able, abundantly, and sufficiently conclusive." The consideration evidently given at Chicago to statements by and in the Price Current indicated that the efforts of the paper had been well and effectively directed, and appreciated, notwithstanding the attitude maintained by the man who had acquired the title of "Repudiator Wright." Various members of the Chicago Board of Trade addressed the Editor of the Price Current in appreciation of what the paper had said and offered in regard to matters here alluded to. Quotations were made in the paper from some of such letters — furnishing interesting reading. One honored and highly respected member said : "As one interested in all that affects the good name of the Chicago Board of Trade, I desire to thank you for exposing the dishonor- able official action of its president, A. M. Wright. Not long since, i8o to be elected president of our Board was deemed a high honor, almost equal to that of being elected Governor of the State. But now, no one excepting Mr. Wright has been found willing to act as president. At the late election he was the only candidate for that office, and was re-elected to fill the position that others refused to occupy." This illustrated the spirit and thought reflected in ex- pressions from others. The Price Current of November 1, 1883, had this para- graph: "We were coming out of 'Change, and met two ham curers in the doorway, one a non-resident, who was made the recipient of some playful words from the other, and a declaration as to what he had heard said of him, when the non-resident quoted the saying: 'Woe unto thee when all men speak well of thee.' 'Is that quotation from the Price Current?' said the resident curer. 'No, it is from the Bible.' We could not help putting in our voice right here, by asking what was the difference between the Price Current and the Bible. 'I'll tell you,' said the non-resident, 'the person who does not believe in the Bible will go to hell, and the person who has not believed in the Price Current the past year has had a hell of a time!' And one of our pork packers responded. Amen." In the same issue of the paper appeared the following: It is not a new sentiment that the person who performs a duty is de- serving of no special credit — yet it is a fashion to approve and to applaud. There is encouragement in such manifestation of recog- nition. Among the various kind greetings and welcome words which we have received from our readers, we find the following, in a private letter received within the past week : "You are to be con- gratulated on your courage and intrepidity, your steadfast self- maintenance in uprightness and integrity, while seizing and holding the 'bulls' by the horns, and the 'bears' by the jaws and the claws, without injury by you to them, and with so little apparent injury, if any at all, to yourself — in all which you have conferred inestima- ble benefit upon a should-be appreciative public." In 1883 Peter McGeoch was at the head of a deal in lard, which collapsed in June of that year. He had attained a position of confidence among business men, by fidelity to performance of acknowledged obligations. He was a sturdy Scotchman, and became associated with prominent and strong men in business affairs. In my comments in noting the lard failure and crash in the pro- vision market I said: "No single sentence can tell why Peter Mc- Geoch failed in his lard transaction, and became the victim of dis- aster, with a responsibility for distress suffered by many others. He i8i discounted the extent of last year's corn crop, with its power for making hogs and hog product. He inaugurated a movement in the highest sense pernicious, and antagonistic to all legitimate methods among men — a movement which apparently implied that certain property afforded a good investment, while in fact success was to depend upon the smallest amount of property to be received and the largest possible volume of contracts for that which could not be delivered, because not in existence. He ignored the evidences of in- creased supplies of hog and beef products for the season and no ground upon which to base a corresponding demand for consump- tion anywhere. He closed his eyes to the disparity existing in the usual relationship between values of other food articles and those of the hog product. His aim was iniquitous — his actions have been baneful to an important industry, and his downfall as a gigantic gambler will be a wholesome warning to others who would profit by a gambler's advantage.'' An illustration of the one-sided view taken by many business men is shown in the following from the Price Current of April 1, 1886: "Trading men dislike 'opinions' publicly expressed which are sup- posed to have an influence adverse to their interests. A personal friend of the Editor of the Price Current said to him on 'Change on Tuesday : 'I'd like to give you a word of advice. When you report the result of your investigations in regard to supply of hogs just omit your own opinion.' 'For what reason?' 'Because it would be expedient, when it is at such variance from estimates of your cor- respondents as last week. See what the market has done, on your talk of likelihood of being as many summer hogs as last year.' 'But suppose we had stopped in our work where you suggest, would you really not have wished to know our interpretation of all the evidence on the question, our opinion as to what the chances of the future might be?' 'Why, certainly I would.' 'Exactly — that is what we thought, and we gave this to you, and to others at the same time. And it might be added that it should be borne in thought that ours is but an opinion, which no one is bound to accept.' " It is interesting to refer to the statement which occasioned ob- servations here copied. In the report showing averages for surplus States as to the outlook for market supplies of hogs as indicated by the estimates of correspondents it was shown that for the region west of the Mississippi River the comparison with the preceding year was 84 per cent, and for surplus States east of the Mississippi the average was 94 per cent — suggesting a general average decrease l82 of approximately 11 per cent. In offering this information this comment with other expressions appeared: "We have repeatedly ventured to suggest that there were frequently conditions and in- fluences not fully recognized by most of such correspondents which justified the intimation on our part that the actual supply would materially exceed the indications deduced from the returns — and as a rule we have been comparatively near the mark in our conclu- sions." Reference was made to various features in the situation, and in conclusion these expressions appeared: "All things consid- ered we are convinced that the chances favor a supply of hogs available for the summer season fully equal to last year's number — especially if the situation late in the season should be such as not to induce holding them back for November or later marketing. We think it not impossible for an increase of some hundreds of thousands, if the fatalities among swine should not be greater than usual." The returns for the summer season packing in the West showed a gain of 680,000 hogs, or 13 per cent, compared with 1885 — fully supporting the interpretation at variance with the literal in- dications of estimates from correspondents. The decline mentioned in the price of hogs, attributable to the Price Current "opinion," was logical, and illustrated the confidence entertained in the opinion. WHERE POWER BELONGS. Were half the power that fills the world with terror, Were half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts, Given to redeem the human mind from error, There were no need for arsenals nor forts. The warrior's name would be a name abhorred, And any nation that should raise again Its hand against a brother, on its forehead Would wear for evermore the curse of Cain! — Longfellow. YOUTH AND AGE. As numerous as the stars of heaven, Are the fond hopes to mortals given; But two illume, with brightest ray, The morn and even of life's short day. — From lines by Richard Dabney. 183 QUESTIONABLE ACTIONS AND FALLACIES. In the prosecution of my journalistic work I found much occa- sion for pointing out bad propositions introduced and urged by others for public confidence. In the particular feature of showing up such errors and misleading statements no other person within my time and knowledge did an equal service in the interest of worthy information concerning influential subjects. To this char- acteristic, and motive governing my work, was due the element which brought the compliments and tributes generously bestowed upon what I accomplished. In the issue of the Liverpool Corn Trade News of December 18, 1906, commenting upon my statements of exportable surplus of wheat in this country on November 1 of that year, and which the editor, Mr. Broomhall, presented as for December 1, an inexcusa- ble act, he took occasion to say: "As to Mr. Murray's recent fore- cast as to a still remaining exportable surplus, we strongly recom- mend our readers to pay no attention to the statement, and can only express otir surprise that an authority who did so much good in former years could give currency to such a wild estimate." In copying an extended expression by Mr. Broomhall, accom- panying the comment quoted above, I took occasion to analyze his assumptions, and among other observations said in the Price Cur- rent: "Such falsification as these declarations reflect is rarely in- flicted upon readers of commercial information. Such utterances are not consistent with honesty of purpose in connection with intel- ligence." Mr. Broomhall's expressions included this: "What has happened to Mr. Murray in recent years that he should have taken to over- estimating the yield of the wheat crop of the United States, we can not imagine." To which it was observed that "what has happened" was that "the editor of the Price Current has oflfered no statements for market effect, and has offered no statements not justified by evidences as to existing conditions." In further comment I said: "Mr. Broomhall presents the quan- tity of wheat exported during a year as the evidence of exportable quantity, regardless of what excess may remain at the end of the year. And yet he courts credit for being a statistician of superior merit. From any point of view such work is reprehensible. . . A 1 84 commercial editor who can rely on such methods as Mr. Broomhall adopts for public confidence may consistently 'warn his readers' against 'paying too much attention' to efforts of others in offering meritorious information. There are some among the commercial informants who do not aspire to be counted in the Broomhall class." In later comments by Mr. Broomhall he presented a series of statements in which he arrogated to himself knowledge superior to that which methodical and impartial official work represented, and justifying the view that his effort was not in the interest of a true reflection of the situation, but to serve a questionable purpose. In the Price Current I said: "Such methods as those persisted in by Mr. Broomhall are not instructive, but are deceptive; they are not worthy, but are discreditable — the more to be deplored for the reason that he has a standing in his country which should admit of no such careless or questionable method in his statements as he imposes upon the credulity of an interested public." In 1907 the Secretary of Commerce and L,abor addressed various commercial organizations with invitations to appoint repre- sentatives to attend a conference at his office in Washington, to consider measures for securing closer relations between the De- partment and commercial bodies, in a manner to promote the interests of domestic and foreign commerce. Forty-three organizations were represented, and nearly one hundred persons were present. The Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce had two representatives — of which I was one. A "Tentative Scheme for a National Council of Com- merce" was presented, with details as to functions — and was adopted, by a nearly unanimous vote. The project was noticed by the Price Current, with intimations that the work proposed to be done could and should be a part of that performed within the Department of Commerce and Labor. It devolved upon myself to make the report of the conference action for our Chamber of Commerce — and the proposed plan was not recommended for adoption. In this my as- sociate delegate did not join. Our Board of Directors declined to take action for joining the movement. The Chairman of the Ad- visory Committee of the National Council of Commerce, Mr. Gustav H. Schwab, of New York, made an appeal to our Association to accept membership in the new organization. He was evidently the person who encouraged the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to accept leadership in the movement. A letter to me from Mr. Schwab, published in the Price Current of December 26, 1907, was commented upon in expressions which included the following, re- flecting my views : i85 "The Editor of the Price Current does not make claim to full- ness of ability to pass judgment on such trade propositions as the plan for a Council of Commerce implies. Nor to have had the broad experience as a business man as has Mr. Schwab, and as also Secretary Straus, characteristics mentioned by Mr. Schwab in his letter. But as an employer of industrial labor for fifty years, as an Editor for thirty-six years, and as the Executive Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of this city for more than sixteen years, he has had some opportunity for observation upon aiifairs public and otherwise which have an influence upon the formation of conclusions as to the comparative merit of propositions having more or less of theoretical mixture. As a result of participation in the Washington conference, in the interest of our Chamber of Commerce, and subse- quent careful reflection upon the meaning of the plan in its relation to the home body so represented, the conclusions which have been offered were reached, and are not yet abandoned. These conclusions have been arrived at in connection with conferences had with busi- ness men identified with our Chamber of Commerce and others, and also under lack of any clear illustration offered incident to the Council plan by which practical results should be expected to be shown, or what a high class man as secretary can accomplish in sig- nificant degree beyond serving to promote work belonging to opera- tions of the Department of Commerce and Labor." Mr. Schwab addressed me, with comments upon these expressions of mine, in which he said: "I do not think the plan as outlined by you is practicable. . . I am convinced that the method out- lined in the organization of the National Council of Commerce will produce results more quickly, and effectively beneficial to all com- mercial interests in domestic as well as foreign commerce better, than in any way which has yet been devised for the co-operation which, it seems to me, is necessary between the Department of Commerce and Labor and the commercial interests." The new organization did not prove effective in the manner con- templated, and had but a short existence. The New York Produce Exchange, under actions by its committee on statistics, made a change in method of computing the quantitative indication of a growing wheat crop from the accepted condition basis. It was an innovation lacking in merit to commend it. The Price Current clearly illustrated the weakness of the new system. The person under whose insistence the new plan was adopted by the Produce Exchange in writing to the Editor of the Price Current said: "As a simple arithmetical proposition I know i86 I am right." And he introduced assumptions not logical or perti- nent, which called forth comments on my part in which appeared the following, in the Price Current of April 23, 1908: "Mr. Lyle mixes questions of area and of condition, while in fact they are wholly distinctive propositions. Whatever may be shown as an average of decline in condition with the progress of the season, or the average loss of area between that sown and that harvested, for a series of years, such average has nothing to do with the merit of the condition estimate, at the time at which it is made. A thermometer may indicate a stated situation of temperature at a specified time; whatever may be the changes or the average of changes subsequently the correctness of the record for the stated time is not set aside. A water gauge in a river may indicate a stage at a stated time, the record or statement of which cannot be modified by any changes or average of changes in the subsequent stages. The condition report of a crop so far as it has recognition for what it is intended to represent, means that if it be 100 on April 1, and that in looking backward the observer finds there has in past years been losses in the condition as reported at harvest periods, in some years more than in others, still he must concede that the April 1 condition was in fact a correct statement of condi- tion for that date, and not to be modified by any application of 'arithmetic' If the estimate of condition on April 1 applies to the understood area seeded, and a part of the area is in doubt as to promise of justifiable return, and the instructions for making esti- mates for May 1 direct that the report is to reflect any abandonment of the area previously recorded, with the condition estimate for May 1 based on the remaining area, such readjustment does not set aside the accuracy of the estimate for April 1, nor does the April 1 record have anything to do with the May 1 statement of situation on that date. When Mr. Lyle has a hundred dollars in his pocket at any specified time, and afterward loses or disposes of a part or all of such possession, the change in condition does not set aside the fact that when he counted that money he really did have it." Under date August 15, 1907, the Price Current offered the following expression: "An example of what unionism can be made to do in bringing evil conditions upon a people is to be found in the strike of tele- graph operators now enforcing distress upon our people, wage earners and business interests, throughout the country — a condition for which the operators, beyond a small number, have no responsi- bility, other than that of membership in an organization under which i87 they must act unreasonably when an arbitrary order of a leader is issued. No question of right or of proper demand not receiving proper consideration, stands as the excuse for the unrighteous inter- ference with the rights of the people by this strike. It is based upon the demand that tribute must be paid to the labor organization by whomsoever would endeavor to earn a living by service, and that the leaders who direct the policies and methods of such organizations shall have authority to dictate to the employing interests as to their management of affairs. The strike of Chicago telegraph operators because the Los Angeles office had in service some who were not members of the union, and the strike elsewhere because of such ac- tion at Chicago, represent actions which throttle the people and rob them of their rights in a more effective way than does the robber on the highway his victims, and with none the less need for severity of punishment for misdeeds." In December, 1904, Oliver Dalrymple, the bonanza farmer of North Dakota, sent me a somewhat lengthy expression for ap- pearance in the Price Current, which was an interesting illustration of the governing influence of self-interest in reaching conclusions and urging their consideration by others. In presentation of the communication the Price Current among other observations said: "The contribution of Mr. Dalrymple is interesting reading, not for its rational treatment of the questions involved, but as illustrative of the fallacious grounds taken in opposition to recognition of good business methods and needs under the acts of the offices of the government." Mr. Dalrymple held up to view the claim of Canadian statistical writers, which he regarded as a reasonable showing as a probability, "that within twenty-five years Canada will produce more wheat than the United States, and exceed a production of 700,000,000 bushels annually." He recognized the McKinley tariff law as the "one al- most solitary benefit accorded to the farmers of the grain growing States, in the shape of a duty of 25 cents a bushel on imported wheat." He stated that "during the years of 1903 and 1904 the United States furnished the new Canadian northwest with nearly one hundred thousand settlers, which helped to raise her lands from $3.00 to $6.00 per acre, and to double her grain production." He asserted that Canadians see that the enactment of a reciprocity treaty would equalize the value of farm lands and the price of grain be- tween Canada and the United States, to their great gain. He held that reciprocity would produce a shrinkage of near $100,000,000 per annum in the price of the American grain crop, and $200,000,000 in 1 88 the value of grain farms of the United States, and that such shrink- age would increase with time — that the value of our farms and grain would decline and theirs advance. Mr. Dalrymple said his communication was "a contribution for the farmers' benefit." It was based on views and demands governed by narrow opinions, misapprehension and self-interest. There was complete oversight of the consuming side of such propositions, and benefits which manufacturing industries in our country would secure on a rational basis of exchange relations with our adjoining neighbor. The Baltimore American in an editorial in December, 1904, gave some seriously distorted figures concerning the corn crop, in which it was assumed that "there should be from the crop of the present year something like 1,000,000,000 bushels for export.'' The highest record of annual exports of com that had been shown was under 210,000,000 bushels, from a crop of about 2,100,000,000 bush- els, a quantity not approached subsequently in records of exports; for ten years the annual average was 123,000,000 bushels, from an annual average production of 1,995,000,000 bushels, leaving an average of 1,872,000,000 as the indicated yearly domestic consump- tion. For the following period of ten years the annual average of exports of corn was less than 75,000,000 bushels, and for the 1904 crop was little greater than this quantity. Before his death, in .1901, Denison B. Smith, Secretary of the Toledo Produce Exchange, was considerable of a figure in com- ments on wheat trade matters, appearing in the Toledo Market Report, of which he was editor. He took delight in intimations that the Price Current was a champion of the interests of foreign trades- men, especially English. Following his uncalled-for talk in language of a disparaging nature, during a period of several years, he became a warm personal friend of mine. On one occasion I had an op- portunity for pointing out an inexcusable blunder on his part. We were in attendance at an annual meeting of the National Board of Trade at Washington. He handed me for perusal a statement in print which he had prepared on wheat supplies and prospects, in which he called attention to, and laid stress upon, indications of a great reduction in acreage in certain foreign countries, amounting he said to 100 per cent. When I asked him how much could re- main after suffering a loss of 100 per cent, he saw the point, after some hesitation, and thanked me most heartily for enabling him to make a correction before it was too late. 1 89 HAPPENINGS AND OBSERVATIONS. When the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce in 1907 decided to terminate its membership as a constituent body in the National Board of Trade I had served as one of the delegates to the annual meet- ings continuously for twenty-three years, a record not then held by any other person. These appointments, as all others with which I was honored by the Chamber of Commerce, came to me without my seeking, in every instance. In view of my prominence in furnishing information relating to crops and agricultural statistics, in connection with pubHcation of the Price Current, I was early made chairman of the Committee on Crop Reports, and so continued from year to year. The findings and recommendations of this committee from time to time were influential in promoting betterment in methods of the work of the Department of Agriculture on such lines. I participated from time to time in actions upon other questions by the National Board of Trade. Among the propositions submitted by our Chamber of Commerce for the program of subjects for consideration by the National Board of Trade were a considerable number which had emanated from myself. Among these were two in which I felt special interest — a monetary unit, intended to serve international purposes, and a dec- laration favoring international arbitration for adjustment of disputes between nations. This was the first measure of the kind introduced before the National Board of Trade; the following year similar propositions were presented by nine constituent bodies. This was good evidence of progressive interest. The proposed monetary unit contemplated a multiple system, by which a like amount of gold of equal fineness would be represented in five dollars of American coinage, one pound of British money, twenty-five francs of French money, twenty marks of German coinage, and so on. The change in quantity of gold to effect the uniform basis would be greater in this country than in the other countries, approximately 3 per cent, but it was believed that it would not appreciably disturb affairs. The plan would conform to the French basis. For Great Britain it would call for a change in the fineness of gold in the coinage, that country differing in this respect from the others, which were alike. Such a system of coinage would 1 90 make interchangeable money, with international characteristics. Its advantage would include convenience to travelers in foreign coun- tries ; ready understanding of foreign quotations of values ; simplifi- cation of foreign exchange, and lessening or removal of tribute to the exchange broker; availability of coinage of one country for cir- culation in another without requirement of recoinage; facility for issue of gold certificates, which would be current everywhere in place of coin — etc. Under this plan it would not be necessary for any country to change its monetary nomenclature. It would simply imply that five francs of France, four marks of Germany, four shillings of Great Britain, one dollar of the United States, and so on, would mean an equivalent in each instance. One of the Government offi- cials conferred with stated that there was no difference of opinion as to the desirability of an international agreement upon a monetary unit, and that he recognized that a common international trade unit would certainly be secured sometime, but the situation was not encour- aging as to early attainment. The recommendation in support of the proposed plan was adopted. In October, 1882, I received a telegram from Mr.. John Har- greaves, of Liverpool, then in Chicago, saying that he would arrive in Cincinnati the next morning, and return to Chicago the following evening. In view of the prominence of Mr. Hargreaves in the pre- ceding year in actions of the provision trade of Liverpool and of England in friendly expressions concerning the American trade, in- cident to the reception accorded to me at the Reform Club, I felt that our people in this trade should give him an appropriate wel- come. Accordingly I presented the matter to a prominent local packer, who was a Britisher. To my surprise he said: "I don't know why we should do anything for Mr. Hargreaves ; what he and the others did at Liverpool was for themselves." I was acutely hurt, at this attitude, and proceeded no further in suggesting to others to co-operate in the movement proposed. I decided to assume the mat- ter wholly by myself, in all particulars. I invited a select number of persons to attend a dinner in honor of the presence of Mr. Har- greaves, at the St. Nicholas Hotel, the next evening. I included the gentleman whose selfish instincts had so disappointed me. And in- asmuch as the distinguished editor at Liverpool, Mr. Edward Rus- sell, was present and spoke at the Reform Club reception, I felt that it would be fitting to have our gathering include such a rep- resentative of the press. I called upon Murat Halstead, explaining my wishes and plans. He asked if it were to be a dress occasion. When advised that it would not, he observed that it would be a 191 great mistake to neglect this, in view of the strict sentiments of the English in such matters. I told him that this was to be an informal occasion, and having knowledge of characteristics of the visitor I should proceed as stated. "What time must I be there?" (The St. Nicholas was just across the street.) I said it was intended to be at the table at 6:30, and that it might be near 9 o'clock when the preliminaries would be over, and that if he could not come earlier to be there at 9, incident to the talk. He was early, and remained with the last to depart, somewhat after 12 o'clock — saying that he greatly regretted not having a reporter with him, for making a report of the highly interesting and instructive information in regard to matters relating to the trade he had been privileged to hear. The next morning I called for Mr. Hargreaves, according to ar- rangement, at the residence of a gentleman who asked him to break- fast with him at his residence. On entering the vehicle Mr. Har- greaves expressed a wish to attend services of colored people — it being Sunday forenoon. I drove to Allen Temple, secured a person to take charge of the horses, and we entered. I had presumed that the curiosity of the visitor would soon be satisfied. The sermon was a good one, and Mr. Hargreaves remained to the end. The cus- tom there in the matter of collections was for persons to go for- ward to a table near the pulpit, with their contributions, and if they wanted a return of a part of the amount handed in the change was accordingly furnished. This wisely served the convenience of those who could spare less than what was handed in. Mr. Hargreaves brightened the countenance of the receiving brother by a generous deposit. We dined with a packer residing in Clifton. On our return to the city Mr. Hargreaves told a story, while en route, which I am inclined to repeat. As I remember it was told to him by a brother of his. An Irishman at Nottingham, passing a marketman with his cart laden with articles to be sold to purchasers of food supplies, asked the marketman if he might "spake to his donkey" — upon which he was told to go on. The Irishman urgently repeated his request for the privilege, when he was finally told to go and "spake to the donkey, if he wanted to." Whereupon the Irishman pro- ceeded to an ear of the donkey, and while appearing to be speaking into the ear blew the hot ashes of his pipe into the ear, causing the donkey to instantly depart with such alacrity as to occasion the spilling of the contents of the cart, whose owner had the Irishman arrested, and brought to trial before the mayor, who acted as mag- istrate. The mayor, on questioning the Irishman as to what he had 192 said to the donkey, could get no satisfactory reply, so he fined him for the offense. On the departure of the Irishman the mayor fol- lowed him, and told him that if he would repeat to him what he had said to the donkey he would return the amount of the fine and additionally, receiving the answer, "I just asked him if he was the mayor of Nottingham!" Subsequent to the closing of our Civil War one of the vet- erans. Col. Charles J. Murphy, became an emissary to act in intro- duction of the corn of this country into European markets as a food product, by personal demonstrations as to varieties of food dishes possible from corn. As I remember he first was a represen- tative of a western State, possibly two States, in such effort, and later of the United States Department of Agriculture. He became an enthusiast in such missionary work, and ultimately his own finan- cial resources were sacrificed by him in his efforts. His wife joined him in the service in which he was thus engaged. There was not the success hoped for, as to results, and Col. Murphy returned to this country, ultimately becoming located at San Francisco. Previ- ously to his going there I had received considerable correspondence from him, from time to time, and also two illustrated volumes of Heroes of the Civil War, in which he was a figure. These were later returned. Finally he sent me several tokens he had received for distinguished acts and service, received from Governmental and other sources, asking me to hold them as collateral for a loan he wanted, for relief, in the emergency of his situation. There was a small balance in the Relief Fund of which I was treasurer, and by approval of our committee in charge of the fund a draft was for- warded to him. His treasured tokens were returned to him. Some time subsequently he wrote from the government hospital at Vallejo, near San Francisco, telling of his situation, being unable to meet his delinquent accounts due there, and had been ordered to depart at the end of the month if payment was not made of the amount called for. He wished also to remain another month. I submitted the letter to the person then president of the Chamber of Commerce, Charles E. Roth, who said to not ask others for contributions in this case, and that he would bring his personal check the next day for the amount asked for — which he did. When I afterward men- tioned to him the words of appreciation received from Col. Murphy, and expressed my own feelings of gratitude for his act, the reply was : "All I needed to know was whether in your own opinion it was a deserving case.'' This illustrated the reliance which this ever- generous and considerate man had in the judgment of myself. 193 In the action of the Chamber of Commerce in raising funds for the earthquake sufferers at San Francisco in 1906 I was made treasurer of these funds, and acted on behalf of the committee ap- pointed in the interest of the efforts for securing and forwarding funds. Besides the large amount that was sent to the Chairman of the Finance Committee at San Francisco a liberal amount was sent for distribution specifically to teachers at San Francisco who were among the sufferers. This distribution was made by a lady who held the responsible position of Supervisor of Music in the Public Schools of San Francisco. Included in this fund was a contribution raised among members of our local teachers' club, brought to me to be forwarded for this purpose. The large number of letters re- ceived by me from recipients, expressive of appreciation for such aid, was highly pleasing. I was fortunate in finding the proper person for acting in distribution of such funds, among women teachers. In this connection may be noted the incident of a call upon my- self, at my home, in June, 1914, from this person, Miss Estelle Carpenter. She was making a tour of Eastern cities prominent in educational work in the line of music. A local paper in its allusion to the visit here of Miss Carpenter said: "A special reason why Miss Estelle Carpenter, supervisor of music of San Francisco, Cal, stopped over in Cincinnati on her way East Tuesday afternoon was in order to personally thank Charles B. Murray, former Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, and Miss Mary Sawyer, former Cincinnati teacher, for money sent to her at the time of the San Francisco earthquake. T made up my mind at that time that some day I would thank Mr. Murray and the Cincinnati teachers for that money and tell them what it meant to us. That money, with what was sent to me from Cleveland, was practically all we teachers had. I received $980 from Cincinnati, sent to me direct by Mr. Murray, of which $800 was in behalf of the Chamber of Commerce and $180 for account of the Teachers' Club, from Miss Mary A. Sawyer. I will never forget the first thing I did. It was to buy a black cloth skirt for a teacher who had lost every garment she possessed. I will never forget how she cried with joy when the money came.' " Miss Carpenter, when at our home, was told of an incident, which much amused her, in connection with our sending the fund for the specific relief of teachers. I had avoided correspondence with com- mittees, believing that a proper individual in position to ascertain by careful inquiry as to who were needy and make quiet application 194 of relief funds, could escape doubtful appeals incident to publicity. Miss Carpenter performed the service in this discreet manner. When a meddlesome woman chairman of a committee learned of the fund sent by us I was called upon by her for an accounting as to what amount had been forwarded and as to who were recipients. She was advised that there was no reason we knew of why we should furnish this information; it was not a matter of concern to any committee or person, etc. The pertinacious individual sent letters to each of the members of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce, with ungracious complaints concerning the reply she had received from me. These letters were handed to me, and received a reply that was sufficient for the occasion. The many letters that came to me from persons reached in the distribution of our funds for women teachers furnished evidence of the worthiness of the method pursued and of the gratitude of the recipients. It was a great pleasure to receive the personal call from Miss Carpenter, and to thus meet one so worthy and devoted in great educational respon- sibilities long held. On the occasion of the death of my father, in June, 1885, it fell to my province to take the lead in the funeral proceed- ings. As an unbeliever in religious doctrines, and long a publisher of views considered by him as called for in modifying or overcoming ignorance upon such questions, and in the interest of relief from religious thraldom, it was in accordance with his wishes that there were no services of a religious nature. Friends and acquaintances spoke abundantly of the moral life and influence of the man of high order of intellect, who had passed into the sleep which he had re- garded as the absolute ending of life for the individual, and which he looked forward to with complete composure. In the early period of my issuance of the Price Current, when the Chicago Board of Trade was in the old Chamber of Com- merce building, Philip D. Armour offered to put ten thousand dol- lars into my possession if I would remove to Chicago with my paper. From James Kingan, one of the brothers in the Kingan establish- ment which had removed its packing operations from Cincinnati to Indianapolis, came a declaration to me that he would raise five thousand dollars for me if I would move my publication to Indian- apolis. One of the unusual situations which were met from time to time was a request made to me by a friend in a physical condition which foretold an early ending of his sufiferings, which was that I should assume charge of his funeral. This was earnestly pressed 195 upon me in the presence of his wife. I did not have the heart to refuse. This friend was O. B. Farrelly, of this city, who died in June, 1904. I had just gone to Michigan, with my wife and daugh- ter, on a recreation plan, and was called back by a telegram. The services were held at the Chapel, Spring Grove Cemetery. Fol- lowing my expressions on this occasion was an address by General Michael Ryan. Among my utterances were these expressions : "The warnings of the approach of death brought to him no sense of dread or of fear. He was at peace with himself and with others, and to him there was only peace in the prospect of death. To have lived beyond the three score and ten years of life; to have so lived as to command and to hold the respect of others and recognition for honesty of purpose, for sincerity of action, for fearlessness in efforts for doing right, for promptings ever considerate of what was due to others, for unselfishness in endeavors to promote the welfare of others, for industry in all good and needful work, for an ever lov- ing heart for all within the home circle, is to make a success of life, and comes as near to the fulfillment of its obligations as we can discover in the career of men, in what is to be counted as to their credit. Of such were the characteristics of the one whose loss to us is more than a grief and a sorrow." At the convention of Weather Bureau officials at Milwaukee in August, 1901, which I attended by special invitation, I was called upon by the Chairman to speak. In my brief remarks I alluded to what had been done at Cincinnati through the Chamber of Com- merce in promoting initial steps for systematic plans for using meteorological reports for daily weather maps and forecasts. I took occasion also to offer expressions unfavorable to propositions that had been made contemplating transfer of the crop reporting and allied work of the Division of Statistics of the Department of Agri- culture to the Weather Bureau, as the Bureau Chief was understood to aim to have accomplished. While in Milwaukee on this occasion Mr. Patrick Cudahy came to the Plankinton Hotel, taking myself and wife to his home, where we had the pleasure of meeting Mrs. Cudahy and the chil- dren. This was followed by drives to points of interest and attrac- tion, including a visit to the Layton Art Gallery, where the donor of this great gift to the city, Mr. Frederick Layton, gave us an en- joyable reception. In connection with my many visits to Washington as dele- gate to the National Board of Trade I had opportunities for calls upon Secretary James Wilson, of the Department of Agriculture, and 196 always met with a hearty greeting. I liked the sturdy and efficient Scotchman, notwithstanding some disagreements with his doings. He was fond of good stories of a humorous nature, and this strength- ened the bonds between us. One of the incidents related of his waggish nature was told of an occurrence early in his administra- tion, when some changes he made in the service under him brought protests from senators and congressmen, as well as a call from one of the employes, who said: "Mr. Secretary, I am afraid that if you dispense with any more of our men it will impair the efficiency of this Department. I consider it my duty to say this to you and get your views." The Scotchman's reply to this was as good as any- thing credited to President Lincoln. He said: "There was once a farmer in Iowa who had three fat cats. His barn was overrun with mice. One day he gave away the three fat cats and got one new cat — not so fat. He was never troubled with mice after that." At the annual meeting of the National Board of Trade at Washington in January, 1903, a resolution was unanimously adopted under which a committee of nine members was appointed by Presi- dent Blanchard Randall to co-operate with the officers of the St. L,ouis World's Fair in inviting the appointment of representatives by leading commercial, manufacturing and kindred organizations in for- eign countries to visit the larger industrial centers of the United States during the period of this great Exposition in 1904. I was named as one of this committee. Joseph W. Armour, previous to his death, made a bequest of $100,000 as preliminary for creation of a Technical School, at Chicago. He was a brother of Philip D. Armour, whose lot it was to carry into execution the plan of his brother Joseph. In this he became deeply interested in the project, as he became impressed with the good that appeared possible to be accomplished, and he made a great financial addition to the fund — reaching $1,500,000 early in the work, and to what extent this was increased later I do not know. The Armour Mission became one of the conspicuous educational institutions of Chicago, on practical lines. On one of my visits at Chicago many years ago, when the buildings of the Mission, including its auxiliary connections, were completed, or mostly so, Mr. Armour had me go with him to inspect this achieve- ment, of which he was justly proud. I never forgot the high tribute by him on that occasion to the personal characteristics of his brother Joseph. Philip D. Armour was the subject of comment of criticising nature at times, due to what was understood as to his attitude or 197 actions in market conditions. One season in particular there was a speculative movement in mess pork, by offerings of contracts for delivery, at a time when he was largely interested in holdings of such property. The market raiders brought about conditions which threatened great decline, and loss to holders of the article or of op- tions for its delivery. He met the situation in a bold and masterly manner, the ultimate shaping of which was in the nature of a "cor- ner" of the market for pork — a condition which he did not contem- plate or plan at the outset, but under which he was forced into re- sponsibility for by the designs and actions of remorseless speculators. The power which Mr. Armour displayed in this market contest pre- vented a vast extent of losses by holders of this product throughout the country. But the press, in its chronic temper of readiness to say something disparagingly of the great merchant and operator, and tardiness in according to him credit for beneficial actions, withheld the recognition due to Mr. Armour for his prevention of disastrous conditions in the market situation. The Price Current was prac- tically the only journal which had the fairness to accord to Mr. Ar- mour in generous terms the credit to which he was entitled for the relief he thus gave to others under such threatened conditions. The Price Current found some occasions for criticism of Mr. Armour's doings, as generally understood. But whatever there was that was reasonably chargeable against him, the extent of that which was of evil nature was so vastly exceeded by that which was good in the use and influence of his power, gave him a claim to very high credit for his actions in business activities. In June, 1893, Mr. Armour stopped a run on a bank located across the street from his office, by sending out some of his clerks, who brought in a hundred or more of the excited persons, to whom he said that Armour & Co. would guarantee to every one of them the full amount of their deposits — and that to any who were not satisfied with this guarantee would be paid the amount of their de- posits. Two women said they would like their money, which was immediately paid to them. The run on the bank was thus checked. The report of the Inquiry Committee concerning the work of the Census Bureau and the Department of Agriculture on agricul- tural statistics, alluded to elsewhere in this narration, mentioned that "the Statistical Division (of the Department) is more or less em- barrassed, and seemingly to an important degree, by the manner in which the working force of the office is organized under political influences, making it impracticable for the Statistician to reconstruct the service on a basis of qualification and efficiency." 198 This offended members of the Civil Service Commission, the chairman of which, Mr. John R. Procter, addressed me under date November 29, 1902, for a statement saying "in what respect these influences exist, by whom and upon whom they are exerted, and the source of your information in this particular." Prompt reply was made, in which Mr. Procter was advised that I would be in Washington on January 13, and subsequently for some days, and would confer with the Commission if desired. At Wash- ington a call was received from Mr. W. D. Foulke, a member of the Commission, who made it quickly apparent that he was not engaged in an effort with a view to discovering or remedying evils in the public service, but as endeavoring to secure some material which could be used in making an attack upon the Inquiry Committee re- port. As a logical result he failed in such effort. For twenty-five years Homer Chisman served as Chief Grain Jnspector, for the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. Having an- nounced in advance his intention of retiring at the end of this period of service his friends on 'Change arranged for a dinner occa- sion and testimonial for him — which occurred at the Havlin Hotel, in February, 1908. I was called upon to act as toastmaster — and offered some talk following the preliminaries, and then proposed that the members present proceed in Quaker meeting manner, by which individuals would be expected to rise and speak as the spirit of the occasion prompted them. In this way there were many pleasing and appropriate expressions, at the close of which a beautiful silver loving cup was presented to Mr. Chisman. At the time that Mr. Chisman received this appointment I was a member of the Board of Directors, and joined with others in his selection incident to strong efforts made for continuance of his predecessor. A feature incident to the destruction of the Chamber of Commerce Building, and abandonment of a plan for restoration of the structure within the massive standing walls, was the loss to this city of the unexampled architecture. The local Astronomical Society secured possession of considerable of the striking sections of the impressive structure, for use in the new building in contemplation by the Society, to be equipped with facilities for securing by pho- tography pictures of bodies millions of millions of miles in space distant from the earth, far beyond vision by any telescope in exist- ence. Dr. De Lisle Stewart, president, is at the head of this movement. 199 VACATION AND TESTIMONIAL OCCASIONS. My first vacation period of notable length of time and extent of incidental opportunities was in 1881. In the Price Current of March 24 of that year appeared a statement explanatory of interferences with work, due to impairment of health, resulting in prostration, and uncertainty as to what could be expected to follow. The physician ascribed the serious derangement and prostration of the nervous system, which had developed by degrees, as the legitimate and in- evitable result of long pursued habits of overwork, and lack of proper rest and sleep, and needful recreation. This announcement brought from a friend at Philadelphia the proffer of an ocean passage ticket to Liverpool and return, express- ing the hope that I would accept it in expectation of health benefits from the trip. But my situation was such as to induce me to de- cline this proflfered opportunity. Conditions developed later, in April, which favored acceptance of the plan proposed for me — the circumstances leading to this being mentioned elsewhere, in items under the heading "In Journalism and Statistics." As a result I had a trip of four months of very extensive and active travel, in Ireland, Scotland, England, the Continent, including Italy and east- ward, going as far east as Constantinople, by way of the Black Sea, no railroads having at that time reached the great city on the Bosphorus. On returning homeward I was given a reception by merchants of Liverpool at the Reform Club in that city, when high considera- tion was accorded to my journalistic work, especially as concerning provision trade interests. In offering the toast to the health of the guest the chairman, following preliminary expressions, among other things said: "Looking at the power of the press, gentlemen, at the influence that it possesses, at the benefits that it may exercise, it will be seen how serious and important are the responsibilities of the power which is entrusted in the hands of those who have the conduct of it. Our guest, Mr. Murray, is an editor whom we can at least judge of for ourselves. You know, gentlemen, that we have his paper, the Cincinnati Price Current, week by week before us; you know also that in America his paper is known as one that has striven to give the facts as they are — the facts of every case, free from prejudice and free from all bias. That has been his mission. 200 and nothing else; but, in addition to that, we know the esteem he is held in by the friends upon the other side of the Atlantic." In my response I gave expression to my appreciation of the com- pliment bestowed upon me, and also for the provision trade of America. And I said : "Now, gentlemen, when you give me credit for having endeavored to tell the truth, you offer that which, as I take it, is the highest compliment that can be paid to anyone; and I assure you that if I can maintain that position, and if I can retain that opinion of my friends, it will be to me more precious than any accumulations that men may make in investing their capital in hog products." Among the various speakers on this occasion was Mr. (now Sir) Edward Russell, editor of the Liverpool Daily Post, who spoke to the toast, "The Press of Both Countries — England and America." In his talk he said : "I certainly never felt more proud than I do upon this occasion in having to respond for the profession with which I am connected. . . Mr. Murray's visit has been a great satisfaction, although it is to be regretted that it was not one of longer duration. It is a gratification to find that gentlemen such as you, who have an opportunity of judging, and who can so thor- oughly judge of these matters, to find this commendation of the way in which his paper and the press generally has been conducted. It must be a pleasure to a gentleman of Mr. Murray's qualities to re- ceive this commendation from commercial gentlemen who are best able to appreciate the labors in which he is engaged, and such a tribute is the highest that can be paid to any journalist in any coun- try, namely, of telling the truth, never burking the truth, and ren- dering himself one of those upon whom the people can rely with confidence on all matters of opinion." Etc. Mr. John Hargreaves, who took the lead in arranging for this reception, in his talk said: "In getting together this company I may say that it is a fairly representative one of the American trade of Liverpool, and I am sure that every gentleman here is much pleased at the opportunity of meeting Mr. Murray today. I claim for Liverpool, so far as the American provision trade is concerned, to be the most important place in the world — indeed, more im- portant in this respect than all Europe besides put together." Anticipating the date of arrival at Philadelphia on my return voyage, friends in that city had arranged a dinner reception for me, for which cards had been issued. But just before the arrival telegraphic information was received from Cincinnati of an accident to one of my sons, eleven years of age, which threatened the end- 20I ing of his life, wiiich necessarily prevented the carrying out of this plan. Another trip abroad occurred in 1906, to which allusion was made in the Price Current of June 14, 1906, saying: "Without consultation with me, or of advice to me concerning his plans, one of our good citizens recently assumed that I ought to have a separa- tion from the exactions of the affairs which have usually confronted me, such as a trip abroad implies, with the enforced conditions of rest afforded by a sea voyage, and the helpful influences of pleasures to be experienced beyond the sea. At the same time he felt prompted to put the plan into the form of a testimonial, by advis- ing various parties of what was in contemplation," which led to a trip to Europe, accompanied by my wife and daughter. In further explanation the following is copied from the Cincin- nati Enquirer of Sunday, June 10, 1906: Few men have ever received such a testimonial of the love and esteem of his business associates and friends as that extended yesterday to Charles B. Murray, Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and Editor of the Cincinnati Price Current. The Chamber of Commerce, through its President, L. L. Sadler, gave him a sixty days' leave of ab- sence, with such extension of the time as he wished, and more than half a hundred of his business friends in this and other cities of the United States presented him with a check for $2,500 to be used in a trip to Europe for himself and wife. General Michael Ryan is credited with the inspiration that started the movement, but he had the most hearty co-operation at home and abroad. It was at first intended to confine the testimonial to the packing trade, but the secret leaked out and other industries would not be denied the privilege of participating. News of the plans got abroad, and those in other cities who know Mr. Murray and his great work, insisted on rec- ognition. Following is a list of contributors to the fund, which has in- creased to an amount above that of the check presented yesterday, so that a supplemental one will be handed him before he sails. (List omitted.) This is the second time Mr. Murray has been so honored, a similar testimonial having been given him in 1881 as Editor of the Price Current, before he became Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce, when rep- resentatives of the packing industry presented him with a purse of $1,000 in gold for a visit to the old country. In addition to the check and leave of absence he was yesterday after- noon tendered a dinner at the Business Men's Club, and presented also with a large Rookwood vase through W. W. Taylor, President of the Rookwood Company, and in this were 69 American Beauty roses, the num- ber representing the number of his birthday, which occurs today, June 10. Mr. Murray began his routine of duties yesterday without a'n idea of what was in store for him, but at 1:30 p. m., after 'Change, General Ryan inveigled him to the Business Men's Club, where friends had taken their places around the table spread in the great dining hall, awaiting his arrival. 202 In his address introducing the ceremonies General Ryan said: "I have attended banquets and receptions where public benefactors have been toasted and eulogized, but on looking back I cannot remember one who de- serves more at the hands of his fellow citizens than the unostentatious gentleman whom we honor here this afternoon. His domestic life in purity and wholesomeness may be called ideal. He has been connected with every movement for our city's good, especially those of a philanthropic character. He stands for righteousness, good citizenship, honor and honesty in commercial, political and social life." "President Sadler, of the Chamber of Commerce, in presenting to Mr. Murray the resolution of the Board of Directors granting him his 60 days' leave of absence, with full pay, said there was a general agreement by the Directors and membership of the Chamber that if he chose to extend the time 'there should be no demurrage charges.' "J. T. McHugh in a few felicitous words presented the Rookwood vase and read a letter from President W. W. Taylor, the donor, who was called from the city on business. He also presented the check. "Mr. Murray in the attempt to express his appreciation of the testi- monial could not disguise the feelings that overwhelmed him. He could say but a few words, but they touched his friends as deeply as their ex- pressions affected him. "Mr. Murray said words failed him to express his individual satisfac- tion. Nothing in all his life, he said, had so impressed him with evidences of the friendship and respect and love of his associates, and nothing, he said, was more to be valued in life than the friendship and respect of as- sociates. 'When I was brought here,' he said, 'I had no conception of what was in store for me, and for my good wife, who has been one of my best supporters in all the work of my life. For 15 years I have been the Superintendent»of your Chamber. I have tried to do my duty, and though I have worked hard, and though I enjoy hard work, hard work is especially enjoyable when one has the appreciation of those for whom it is done, and I certainly have had shown to me that appreciation today. My dear, good friends, I thank you.' "Mr. McHugh then read a great number of letters from friends and acquaintances of Mr. Murray who had been advised of the contemplated testimonial, and who could not be present. "After short addresses by H. H. Meyer, Murat Halstead, William B. Melish, E. P. Wilson, Charles E. Roth and Captain J. F. Ellison, and the singing of 'Auld Lang Syne' by all present, led by Luther Parker and ac- companied by the string band, and individual congratulations to Mr. Murray, the gathering dispersed at 4 o'clock." General Michael Ryan, president of the Cincinnati Abattoir Company, in connection with his announcements of plans for this testimonial, re- ceived many letters, conveying cordial expressions of approval. These letters were placed in my possession, with permission and suggestion that extracts from them be copied into the Price Current, as a matter of in- terest to my friends. They include the following: From Michael Cudahy, Chicago. — I take occasion to express my re- spect and admiration for the services of Mr. Murray to the provision trade. 203 When his paper comes on my desk I feel that the matter contained therein is absolutely unbiased, truthful, and up to date. National Packing Co., by Edward Tilden, Chicago. — I wish to assure you of the pleasure I have in joining with other old friends of Mr. Charles B. Murray in arranging an European vacation trip for him and his most estimable wife, as a token of his life-long and faithful endeavors in the in- terest of the packing business. His statistical and market information in the Cincinnati Price Current has for almost half a century been recognized as of the very highest standard, showing not only careful news gathering and compilation, but marked ability as well. Swift & Company, by L. F. Swift, Chicago. — I consider Mr. Murray's periodical the best authority ever yet produced in the United States or else- where on the live stock and packing interests, and it has only obtained its valuable place on account of Mr. Murray's personality and hard work. John Cudahy, Chicago. — It was very thoughtful in you to have brought the matter up before the packers, in arranging for a vacation for Mr. Murray. Nelson Morris & Co., by Ira N. Morris, Chicago. — Kindly convey to Mr. Murray in behalf of the firm and myself individually our heartiest con- gratulations, and appreciation of his work for benefit of packing interests. Armour & Company, by Arthur Meeker, Chicago. — We consider it a great privilege and pleasure to be able to show, even if only in a small way, our appreciation of Mr. Murray's services to the packing industry during his long career. For thirty years our firm has had the greatest respect and admiration for Mr. Murray. Miller & Hart, by Walter H. Miller, President, Chicago. — I have been many years a great admirer of Mr. Murray, not only on account of the valu- able statistics he has published from time to time in his paper, but for the spirit of fairness he has given every subject that has appeared in his paper. Cudahy Brothers Co., by Patrick Cudahy, President, Milwaukee. — I re- gret very much that I cannot be with you to partake of the pleasure I know your gathering will afford to all those who are fortunate enough to be there. Please convey to the grand old man. Editor of the Pork Packers' Bible, my kindest congratulations and best wishes for many happy returns of the day. Kingan & Co., by Sam. Reid, Indianapolis. — Our mutually esteemed friend, Mr. Murray, has labored long and faithfully in the general interests of our trade, and is now entitled to a well-earned holiday, which we hope he will greatly enjoy as also benefit by. T. M. Sinclair & Co., by S. E. Sinclair, President, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. — Mr. Murray's name and his publication have, for a long period of years, stood at the very head of the reliable sources of information about the packing business. We always have confidence in the absolute sincerity of the views expressed, and the thoroughness of his statistical work is evi- denced from year to year by the actual outcome of his predictions. Cleveland Provision Co., by H. C. Dix, Cleveland, Ohio.— Mr. Murray's reports on grain and crop conditions have always proved reliable, and we have placed great confidence in them. Members of the Chicago Board of Trade — with signatures of A. Stanford White, J. G. Steever, Morris Schwabacher, T. E. Wells & Co., Hately 204 Brothers, Henry Zeiss, Chas. L. Raymond, Leopold Bloom, Libby, McNeill & Libby. — Learning that Mr. C. B. Murray is about to take a trip abroad we wish you to say to him that his many years of devoted service to the trade through his paper, the Cincinnati Price Current, is appreciated, and that we consider it the most valuable exponent of questions relating to our trade that we have. George F. Stone, Secretary, Board of Trade, Chicago. — Mr. Murray has rendered long and valuable service to the provision and grain interests of the country. His labors have been faithful, uninterrupted and reliable. His personal integrity and disinterestedness are beyond question. His record is a noble one, and the fidelity of his services through these many years de- serves a recognition from the grain and provision interests not only in Cin- cinnati, but in all the principal markets of the country. Wm. S. Harvey, Philadelphia and New York. — I have known, admired and respected Mr. Murray more than thirty years, and my regard has ripened into a deep and sincere affection. I am well aware that his own personal interests and welfare have always occupied a secondary place, and what he recognized as duty and responsibility has always occupied the first place. I consider him one of the finest and best types of intelligent, useful manhood that this country has produced, and I can say with equal sincerity that I believe that this is not only the result of the inherent quali- ties he possesses, but has in part been produced by his intimate and close association with such men as you that have been an inspiration and power that has held up his hands and helped him over many a hard and trying situation. B. Frank Howard, publisher Daily Trade Bulletin, Chicago. — The tip has been given out that my old friend, Mr. Charles B. Murray, of the Cin- cinnati Price Current, will shortly take a trip abroad for a rest from his labors, and for the benefit of his health, and that his friends have selected a suitable occasion to give him a sAid-off, and extend their congratulations and good wishes. I assure you that I appreciate this action of his friends. I regard his long years of arduous labor, honestly and sincerely devoted to the commercial interests of this country, and more particularly to the packing and provision trade of the West, deserving of the interest mani- fested in his welfare on this occasion. W. W. Taylor, President, The Rookwood Pottery Company, Cincinnati. — As I am to be out of the city on Saturday, and unable to be present, I shall send the vase which Rookwood desires to present to Mr. Murray. It is a fine example of our "standard" work, and I hope will give pleasure to the recipient. I do not think the services which Mr. Murray has rendered to our city can be too highly valued, but they are of a nature which is apt to be overlooked, and I am very glad that some expression is to be made of appreciation for them. W. W. Granger, Manager Union Grain and Hay Co., Cincinnati.— I re- gret that I will be unable to be present at the testimonial to Mr. Murray. I am convinced that there is no man in Cincinnati that more deserves con- sideration and mark of appreciation at our hands than does Mr. Murray. I want to express my opinion that there is nobody in this city who is more widely known and favorably known outside than he is, and there is no man who has rendered greater service to the business interests of the country. 205 and there is no man who has done more to extend the name and good reputation of our city. John M. Kennedy, of the Interurban Railway and Terminal Company, capitalist, etc., Cincinnati. — I admire your praiseworthy object, and as I was partly responsible for placing Mr. Murray in his present position, in the Chamber of Commerce, being a member of the Board of Directors at that time, it has always given me great cleasure when he has been regularly honored by re-election to that important trust, and to know that my judg- ment was not at fault. John Morrell & Co., Ottumwa, Iowa. — We are glad to know of the testimonial you contemplate giving Mr. Charles B. Murray, who has been so closely indentified with the packing interests for so many years. Telegram received at the dinner table by General Ryan. — Chicago, June 9 — The undersigned, members of the Chicago Board of Trade, appreciating the character and services of Charles B. Murray, extend their warmest congratulations upon the occasion of his sixty-ninth birthday, and their best wishes for many years of good health and happiness. A fair wind to his ship, and all storms ten miles to leeward. Signed, Geo. F. Stone, Wm. J. Pope, J. G. Steever, R. M. Huffman, Henry Zeiss, George W. Stone, Walter C. Hately, Morris Schwabacher, John Cudahy, B. Frank Howard. Hon. J. B. Foraker, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. — Permit me, through you, to extend greetings and congratulations to our old-time friend and honored fellow citizen Charles B. Murray upon his sixty-ninth birth- day, which I am glad to learn his neighbors and friends intend to celebrate. His life has been an active and most useful one, and although lived quietly and unostentatiously, it has been so effective as a good example of high character and splendid citizenship that it has impressed itself on the whole community in which he lives. As a statistician and a journalist he stands among the foremost of his time. Hon. Wm. H. Taft, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C. — I am very sorry that I cannot be present at your meeting in honor of Charles B. Murray, the Editor of the Cincinnati Price Current. I have understood from many who know that that paper's statements were valued the world around because of their reliability and conservative character. I am sure the mercantile community of Cincinnati and the country are so indebted to Mr. Murray that the testimonial you propose is most highly deserved. I regret that I am not able to be present. Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. — I think this is a graceful thing for you people to do, to present a testimonial to Mr. Charles B. Murray. He has long been a highly intelligent worker along industrial lines. He is one of the ablest statisticians in the country, and from all impressions I have had of him, one of pur best men. I hope the occasion will be a pleasant one, that Mr. Murray's life will long be spared to continue his great work, and that all of you will combine to make the afternoon of his life pleasant and agreeable — as I am sure you will, be- cause he deserves all this and you will delight in the ministry. The Liverpool Daily Post and Mercury of August 2, 1906, gave an ac- count of a reception accorded to me by Liverpool merchants, on my return homeward with my wife and daughter, from our journeyings and sight- 206 seeing in Ireland, England, North Wales, France and Switzerland, from which the following extracts are copied: At the Liverpool Reform Club yesterday a complimentary luncheon was given by members of the grain and provision trades to Mr. Charles B. Murray, editor of the Cincinnati Price Current and executive secretary of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. Mr. John Hargreaves presided. The American Consul sent his regret at not being present, and letters were read from Mr. Thomas Sinclair and Mr. Samuel Kingan, of Belfast, both of whom paid high tribute to Mr. Murray and his journal, to his most reliable statistics, his impartial market reports, and his absolute freedom from all undesirable influences. Sir Edward Russell, in proposing the health of the guest, said that he met Mr. Murray twenty-five years ago, and had then the honor of express- ing the sense which Live'rpool people entertained of his value and of his character. They now found the same man with the same qualities, but with an additional twenty-five years' experience, every day of which had been spent in serving the community by the effective and honest exercise of his remarkable gifts. It was a very great thing indeed for a man to be an honest and a straight statistician, and that was the character in which Mr. Murray appeared. They all knew, too, of his beautiful and high-minded private life, which was only in succession to the traditions of his family, which was held in high honor in America, and the news of which and the knowledge of which had come to this country. Mr. Murray's father was. Sir Edward believed, one of the founders of the anti-slavery crusade in America. He doubtless had lived, as had others, in odium and misrepre- sentation and calumny and unpopularity; but now the world was unani- mous in their favor, and the world had been brought by their labors to a condition of happiness and a condition of righteousness which at that time seemed never likely to come. Mr. S. Gibson Sinclair, in supporting the toast, declared that for nearly forty years he and others had looked upon the Cincinnati Price Current as their guide, philosopher and friend. Mr. Charles J. Proctor described Mr. Murray as "'a man that knows, and knows that he knows" — the acme of wisdom. Mr. Proctor dwelt on certain vagaries of American corn trade statistics. He would like Mr. Murray to tell them how it sometimes happened that crops grow up in a night or two and then disappear (laughter). He thanked Mr. Murray for all he had done for the trade, and joined heartily in appreciating his sterling, honest worth. Mr. Murray expressed his delight at having been made the medium of a manifestation of the good feeling of the business men and merchants in this city towards those at the other end of the international line. His father was, as Sir Edward Russell had said, one of the early agitators in the anti-slavery movement. Mr. Murray said that the economies introduced in packinghouse opera- tions, in the manufacture and distribution of such food products, had greatly lessened the margin between the producer of the animal and the consumer of the product, so that both of these interests had been promoted and helped by the operations of the great establishments which had come into existence under the enterprise of men of ample financial resource and 207 of business ability. The packing of pork for exportation to the British markets had its beginning with the operations of enterprising men who went to America from Ireland, and who located themselves in Cincinnati. He had lately seen Mr. Samuel Kingan, of Belfast, who is, and has been, continuously engaged in the provision trade for sixty years. Mr. Kingan's firm was the first in pork packing operations to introduce refrigeration for the handling and curing of meats in the warm months; and now the Kingan concern killed at Indianapolis more than half as many hogs yearly as were slaughtered by all the Western packers when they began their operations at Cincinnati as pioneers in curing meats for shipment across the ocean. Continuing, Mr. Murray said he felt justified in referring to a recent inci- dent which had most unfortunately disturbed the distribution of an im- portant food product. That incident was a striking illustration of what can result from false and baseless attacks upon affairs which concern the general public, and particularly the masses, who had smaller resources for securmg possession of necessities. He had been a careful observer of the sensational statements promulgated, and was quite familiar with the methods which have prevailed, and he felt warranted in the unreserved declaration that in the preparation of food products for the use of all classes of consumers (and particularly for those who, with lesser resources, had greater need for good and reliable products at relatively low cost) there is no line in which there is a higher degree of caretaking and of pro- tective supervision and procedure in the handling of the material than at- tends the work of the meat-packing houses of the United States. He had learned with great regret that the fright which resulted from the false and sensational statements in America had extended to the people here. . . . Mr. Murray's remarks brought forth much applause. The Liverpool .journal bearing the title "Milling," devoted to English and Irish milling interests, carried in full the account of the complimentary luncheon and reception accorded to me at the Liverpool Reform Club, on August 2, 1906. The St. Louis Modern Miller in referring to accounts of the re- ception at Liverpool by the grain and provision interests there, in- cluded these comments : Mr. Murray is the dean of American statisticians, and it gives the Modern Miller pleasure to record the merited recognition from the Liver- pool grain trade. There were many complimentary and sensible things said of Mr. Murray, and he responded with a speech in which he outlined his connection with the trade covering a period of years. As a conserva- tive and esteemed member of the American grain trade, we feel that America will be pleased at the honor bestowed on Mr. Murray while abroad. The Citizens' Bulletin, Cincinnati, June 16, 1906, under the head- ing "Paying Due Honor," said: "The tribute paid Mr. C. B. Murray last Saturday conferred honor on the donors as well as the recipient. The editor of the Price Current and the Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce has lived a life and done a work of unobtrusive usefulness. By the thoroughness of his investiga- 208 tion and unswerving integrity he has won recognition which, if not often expressed, has nevertheless been sincerely felt. The honesty of govern- ment reports and estiraates has been challenged; nobody has doubted the truthfulness of Mr. Murray's convictions or the care displayed in gathering the material on which his conclusions rested. As a painstaking and up- right statistician he is known in all the great markets of the world. The integrity of the man has shown itself whenever he has gone outside his chosen field of labor. He has been as scrupulous as a citizen as he has been fine as a statistician. He has spoken manfully and without fear for the right. The influence of his paper and of the man has been for whatso- ever is of good report. "The Chamber of Commerce gave him a long vacation and bade him go abroad; friends have handed him a check for $2,500 and bidden him go in ease. Thus have Chamber and friends shown what they think of him, and shown at the same time their appreciation of the value of his work to the city in which his life has been spent. An inscription on a tomb-stone or mortuary resolutions are not to be compared to the recognition that comes in life." Incident to a business trip to Buffalo in September, 1906, Mr. L. L. Sadler of Cincinnati, head of the long-established live stock firm of J. F. Sadler & Co., then president of the Cincinnati Cham- ber of Commerce, in an interview by a represeptative of a Buffalo daily paper was quoted as saying: "You ask me how the packinghouse industry got away from Cincinnati. . . But Cincinnati has one institution that will never change, and at its head is one of the grandest men that ever lived. I refer to the Price Current and its editor, Mr. Murray. Not long ago he was sixty-nine years of age and his friends took notice of the event. First of all he was presented with a vase containing sixty-nine American Beauty roses, one for each mile post. Then he was the guest of honor at a banquet participated in in his honor by seventy leading citizens, and as a fitting tribute we presented him with a check for twenty-five hundred dollars and a rest to take a trip to Europe. But few men have attained his prominence. In all the years of his service he has conducted a thoroughly reliable pub- lication, one that could be depended on, and he has been of sub- stantial assistance and value to the live stock industry. We all love him down our way; we look upon him as one of nature's noblemen." 209 ADDRESSES AND COMMENT. On May 18, 1905, there was a Hague Day celebration, in this city, to commemorate the Peace movement, held at the Avondale Presbyterian Church. Mr. William Christie Herron was an active figure in arranging matters for the interesting occasion. The exer- cises opened with an organ recital, followed by a processional hymn, in which a hundred pupils from the public schools participated, bearing flags of many nations in their marching through the church passageways, led by Mr. Herron. Prof. P. V. N. Myers, historian, president of the local Arbitration and Peace Society, presided, and delivered an instructive address relating to the Hague Court. This was followed by addresses by Charles B. Murray, Rabbi Louis Grossman, Prof. W. P. Rogers, dean of Cincinnati Law School, Rev. Father John M. Mackey, and Rev. Dr. Charles F. Goss, in the order here indicated. Benediction by Rev. George A. Thayer. The re- quest which I received from the executive committee of the Arbitra- tion and Peace Society specified "Commerce and Peace" as the sub- ject on which it was asked that I should speak. The address appeared in full in the Price Current of June 1, 1905, from which these brief extracts are copied : "War is responsible for serious in- terference with the freedorrt of movement of products between the dififerent countries, and such interference with traffic between any of the great powers must necessarily directly and indirectly disturb the commerce of others and of the world at large. The measure of losses to the world by such disturbances of its commerce cannot be described, no more than can the extent of the physical sufferings of the victims of war be definitely portrayed. Whatever promotes interchanges which represent commerce is recognized as adding to the vitality and the power of the localities and interests concerned. It therefore follows that whatever abridges these facilities serves to weaken or destroy needful elements in industrial progress and at- tainments. . . The greater appeal for peaceful settlement of international differences instead of by the application of the powerful forces for destruction of human lives and of property should and must come from humanitarian considerations. But though these considerations be held as the higher reasons and demands, there is sufficient in the wastages of the results of human effort and energy which warfare represents to call for every possible endeavor for 210 securing the substitution of the offices of arbitration for a conflict of physical power. Arbitration represents the higher action for the maintenance of individual or national honor. . . There is no finer picture of the ideal civilization to be found than that which repre- sents the steps toward universal peace which have been taken and which are the occasion of commemoration at this time." A further expression on this occasion was this : "Were it pos- sible that such a country as our own could rise to the situation of using the vast amount which now goes into war equipment in the betterment and beautifying of the highways and in furnishing facili- ties for relief of the suffering and needy throughout the land, how much of good might result in the better conditions of its people, physically and morally. It is not too much to assume that this country has no need for a war footing. It has no occasion and need have no occasion for attack upon other countries, and without the war equipment and all that it implies there would be far less likeli- hood of attack from others. The dignity of such a position for our country would so command the respect of other powers that no one of them would be bold enough to direct such forces against this country, and any intimation of such nature would surely arouse the other powers in a manner to assure protection to a country which dared to set such an example for peaceful relations before all the world." I have been identified with our local Arbitration and Peace So- ciety from its organization, and am now, as for many years, one of the members of its executive committee. At the annual meeting of the National Board of Trade at Wash- ington in January, 1904, there was a proposition commendatory of International Arbitration — the first appearance of this question upon the list of subjects by that body. I was its author — and it was presented as from the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. A year later nine constituent bodies submitted kindred propositions. In February, 1894, I was requested by the president of the Commercial Club of Cincinnati, Mr. W. W. Taylor, to deliver an address before that body on the subject of the Manufacturing Progress and Future Industrial Opportunities of Cincinnati, which subject was treated in a somewhat extended manner. From intro- ductory portions the following is copied : The future may be in some degree but not fully judged by the past — for conditions change, not only in the aflairs of the particular locality, but elsewhere, and in the latter is to be found perhaps the most influential of factors shaping our own physical destiny. 211 Half a century may not appear a great stretch of time for a retrospec- tive view, but it marks the progress which an industrial center has made, and furnishes a basis for calculations relative to the future. Half a century ago Cincinnati was a populous city for that period in the history of the West, the most populous of all western cities, but its inhabitants numbered less than 60,000, while to-day, within the corporate limits and the adjacent belongings proper to be included in this reckoning, the population reaches about 500,000. Fifty years ago, as populous as Cincinnati was then considered, it rep- resented less than 4 per cent of the State population, while to-day, exclusive of that portion which is on the south shore of the Ohio river, it is about 10 per cent, and with that portion included the total is equivalent to 13 per cent of the population of Ohio. This advance in population has been steady, and the city while thus developing its own growth has contributed liberally of its people, brains and wealth in promoting the development of other western localities. While our community within the half century, a period easily within the memory of some who are now present, and of many of our citizens, who are identified with the activities of this commercial center, has increased in population eight-fold, it is a significant fact that the property valuation for taxation in this city has increased twenty-seven fold. The per capita valu- ation of property at the end of the period is five times as large as at the beginning. Even this does not measure the actual gain in wealth, for it is evident to any observer that with the increase in the possessions of our citizens there has been a decrease in the relative returns of personal prop- erty for valuation. A comparison of the manifest wealth of our people with that of other portions of the United States shows that the average here is more than SO per cent higher than the average for the entire coun- try, and quite likely it is not much less than 100 per cent greater than the general average. It is not too much to say that Cincinnati is relatively the wealthiest of all the prominent cities in the United States. The striking betterment of conditions attending the growth of this city has not been confined to the few, but has been general. The whole population has participated in such benefits and advancement in a degree comparing favorably with the distribution of accumulations in any other such centralizations of human activity in this country. -For the annual meeting of the American Meat Packers' As- sociation at Chicago in October, 1907, I was asked to submit a historic statement relating to the packinghouse industry. In this sketch I said: "When your speaker began his personal work in gathering and compiling statistics of porkpacking, thirty-five years ago, there were over 350 points in the West where hogs in small or large numbers were killed in a season, for which recognition was given in the records. There are now only about 50 points shown in the packing list, representing operations in the West, not including the many places of minor importance where there is butchering done. The statistician, however, has occasion to ask for details from each 212 of the different operating concerns at the various centers. This elimination of the smaller interior packer from the list, reducing the listed points to a number only IS percent of that formerly indicated, while the number of animals slaughtered has increased from five million to over twenty-five millions yearly, pointedly reflects the not- able concentration and centralization of packinghouse operations within the familiar knowledge of many engaged today in this in- dustry." Another extract from the comprehensive statement is as follows : "Previous to sixty-five years ago, coming within the memory of some of our people, the aggregate commercial slaughtering of hogs in the entire West had not reached one million animals yearly. Not until thirty-five years ago were the numbers advanced to five millions. For the past year, as shown by the statistics for March 1 (compiled by the speaker), the commercial slaughtering of hogs in the West exceeded twenty-five millions, supplemented by more than five mil- lions in the East. These generalities and comparisons will suggest the growth and extent of progress in the hog packing industry. In the past thirty-five years our population has doubled. Within this period the commercial slaughtering of these animals has grown to six times its extent at 'the beginning of the period." To this it may be added that the record five years later repre- sented an advance to 36,000,000 animals for twelve months as the extent of commercial slaughtering of hogs. West and East. At a dinner gathering of members of the local press in its news work, quite a number of years ago, the arrangement of pro- ceedings provided for a talk from myself, among the list of speakers. In October, 1906, I attended the annual meeting of the Grain Dealers' National Association held at Indianapolis. Near the close of the session the president took occasion to utter some words rela- tive to a "dean of grain trade interests," as being present, and asked that he speak to the convention. In my defective hearing ability I had not caught these expressions, when a friend from behind gave me a punch, saying, "That's you — get up and talk." I am not usually a ready speaker off-hand before an audience, without some preparation or arrangement of thoughts. I spoke substantially as follows : It hardly seems justifiable that the proceedings of this convention should be interrupted by any talk that I can offer, in response to the com- plimentary words uttered by your president. Under impairment of hearing ability it has not been possible for me to hear and understand all that has been said by the speakers on this occasion, but I have observed with special interest the proceedings so far as I could understand them. I have 213 been impressed with the dignity and harmony and promise of beneficial in- fluence of these proceedings, and I feel that this is one of the best of con- ventions I have been privileged to attend, and they have been many. I listened with much interest, as far as I could hear, to the contentions of the Chicago friends in regard to grain grading rules. We all know that Chicago stands in the highest position as a market and for dealings in and distribution of grain and meat products. We all know that the Chicago men have a way of insisting that trade matters should take shape to fit their wishes and their purposes. In this connection I am reminded of some words uttered by the officiating clergyman who performed the marriage ceremony for Admiral Dewey, at Washington, some years ago. These words on that occasion urged attention to the fact that the more ex- alted the position attained and held by an individual the greater were his responsibilities for consideration of the position of others and of what may be due to them. So it is to be hoped that the exalted position which the Chicago trade has attained and holds may be attended with proper recognition of responsibilities toward others in the world's community of interests.'' At the annual meeting of the Grain Dealers' National Asso- ciation in 1903, held at Minneapolis in October, I made an address relating to agricultural statistics, in accordance with request. This was published in the Price Current. Notwithstanding its length the San Francisco Chronicle copied it in its entirety, saying in intro- ductory expressions: "The following paper is well worth careful study by farmers who desire to understand the true meaning of the Depa,rtment crop reports. Mr. Murray is the veteran editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, and one of the most respected crop sta- tisticians in the country." Soon after the formation of the Commercial Club of Spring- field, Ohio, I was invited to give a talk to its members, on a dinner occasion, at which I was the only speaker, the address covering matters of commercial statistics and allied questions. The relations of the farmer, the transporter and the manufacturer to acquisition of wealth, etc. This was in December, 1896. The address was a rather long one — from which some expressions are here copied, after some specific references to prevailing views of the position of the farmer: I do not wish in any sense to depreciate the position of the farmer, nor to withhold any element of recognition due him. But it is justifiable to say that it is a mistaken view that the farmer is the prime wealth pro- ducer, and that there can be no prosperity attending the movement of factory wheels until the farmer has something to buy with, by which to furnish the impulse to a movement toward better times. The factory wheels must first turn, and thus promote the demand for that which the farmer has to sell. My good old father, through many years of effort in reformatory work. 214 holding up to view the evils of superstition, bigotry, intemperance, slavery, and other debasing influences of idolatrous education, and who by his critics was called "The Modern Iconoclast," because of his vigorous and fearless attacks upon prevailing fallacies and evils, maintained this legend as a guiding sentiment: "Ignorance the evil — Knowledge the remedy." This is a sermon in six words. We have been giving some thought to the farmer, especially as a wealth producer. Let us turn to some of the evidences of the high position attained by the manufacturing and commercial class in this country, one which is distinguished for the extent of its agricultural interests. It is generally conceded that statistics are lacking in elements of enter- tainment — but I shall have to introduce some of such material, to illustrate what I have in view. I shall draw upon some of the information furnished by the eleventh census of the United States, for 1890. (Details from the census information were presented.) These data are introduced to show that the growth in our wealth pro- ducing industries in late years has been in manufactures, and not in agri- culture, however important this latter continues to be in our productive interests. Also, to illustrate the value of statistical work, in not only en- abling our people but the world at large to know of the progress of in- dustrial growth and the resources of our country. It may be observed that what holds good in a general way in the value and application of statistics in illustrating the position of our country will also apply to individual industrial centers. At Cincinnati systematic work in collecting information relating to the commerce of the city was inaugurated about half a century ago — since which time the larger propor- tion of the development of the agricultural and commercial interests of the West has occurred. This systematic work has been maintained, and has enabled not only the people of the locality but of the world at large to know of the commercial importance of this great center, which has ad- vanced in the operations of workshops until the value of manufactures turned out in a single year has reached the enormous total of $250,000,000. It does our people good to be told of the extent of their commerce and industry. It elevates them, and stimulates them in the competitive con- tests with other localities. Ruskin, in one of his lectures, said: "The largest soul of any country is altogether its own. Not the citizen of the world, but of his own city. Nay, for the best man, you may say, of his own village." In February, 1907, I was again invited to address the Springfield Commercial Club, incident to its annual banquet. The other speakers were Dean William P. Rogers of the Cincinnati Law School, and President S. D. Fess of Antioch College. My subject was "Some Steps for Humanity." In writing now, seven years later, the horoscopic utterances then offered in what are here copied are alas proving too true in realities now reached, a shocking chal- lenge to any suggestion of progress in civilization, in the present generation, if civilization is not to be measured by the progress in power and its forceful application for destruction of the best of 215 the possessions of mankind and the creation of miseries for human beings in a degree never before approached in the world's history of brutaHties. Among other expressions we said : It is pleasant to think, and to believe, that the world has made prog- ress in features of civilization that mean a higher degree of toleration among members of the human family. That which we most wish to be- lieve in such matters is the easiest for us to think. But while we are en- couraging the thought that the world has grown better and is now grow- ing better in these particulars, we have but to cast a glance upon the evidences in view of what man is doing today in construction for securing effective destruction, to find occasion for questioning the existence of a better state of afifairs governing the different branches of the human family in plans for more peaceful relations with other branches of the family. But whatever may be lacking in the evidences of important attainments for modification of the evils of tyranny, of intolerance, of brutality, of war- fare, in these later days of civilization, there has been much accomplished in the cause of humanity, within the lifetime of persons now present. In our own country the abolition of human slavery was a great achievement, and while eventually promoted by military exigencies affecting the civil affairs of our people, the event was made possible by the brave and intelligent and aggressive labors of persistent agitators for relief from such evil, covering many years of effort previous to that event. Thirty years prior to the act of emanicipation for American slaves there assembled at Phila- delphia a band of sixty-three of the country's noblest spirits in the cause of humanity, to discuss measures pertinent to securing removal of the curse of human slavery. Those good men have passed from earth. Among those conspiciious in such active efforts was the parent of the speaker, and but three others of the sixty-three briefly survived him — among them, the illustrious John G. Whittier. The labors of these reformers were eminently influential for good in the cause of humanity. (Considerable reference was made to the work and influence of Albert K. Smiley and the Lake Mohonk Conferences, in the interest of international arbitration and the world's peace.) In August, 1908, there was a convention of Commercial Sec- retaries of Southern States at Chattanooga, to which I was invited. In its references to this gathering the Daily News of that city said: "C. B. Murray, of Cincinnati, who was introduced as the 'dean of the country's commercial clubs,' and the 'grandfather of all com- mercial secretaries,' who has been secretary of the Cincinnati Cham- ber of Commerce for many years, delivered an address that was received with great applause. Secretary Murray stated that the affinity between the municipal government and the commercial or- ganizations should be closer, a condition that would result in great good to both. In stressing the importance of compact commercial organization between the different bodies, Mr. Murray stated that when one section of the country is boosted aid is given in a cor- 2l6 responding degree to another section. 'We in Cincinnati see your prosperity and rejoice in it,' he said, 'for we know that we derive benefit for every step forward you take here.' " The Daily Times in its comments said: "One of the most picturesque figures in attendance upon the convention of the Southern Secretaries convention is Maj. C. B. Murray, secretary of the Cin- cinnati Chamber of Commerce, and the 'dean of the commercial secretaries' of the United States. Major Murray is nearing the threescore and ten mark in years, but is as bright and vivacious as a youth. He attends every session of the convention, and with the aid of his ear trumpet, deafness having overtaken him within the past few years, he follows the deliberations, however unimportant, and has been several times heard as being in favor of the national- ization of the organization. Major Murray is editor of the Price Current, a market magazine that is much better known abroad than in this country. He is recognized at Washington as an expert statistician. In many bouts with the government departments that have arisen within the past decade he has a larger number of vic- tories than defeats to his credit, it is said." The following mainly reflects my remarks when called upon, at the opening session: "Mr. Chairman, and friends: In this enforced call upon me to speak, I am obliged to say that not only am I lacking in ready ability to talk under such circumstances in a manner to deserve being listened to, but I am also lacking in ability to hear the good things which others offer before such an audience, and have offered on this occasion. But I caught a few of the expressions of your worthy mayor, who has welcomed these visitors to his city. He spoke of the need on the part of municipal officials and of municipal governments in having the aid of the commercial bodies. While it may be held that much has been and is being done on such lines by the commercial bodies, there is unquestionably opportunity for much more of such serviceable aid, advantageous to a community, and it is to be hoped that more of good in such direction will be had in the progress of affairs in which people are concerned. "When I received the invitation to come to this convention, ac- companied with words of assurance that those who were at the front in the arrangements for such a gathering would regard it as a compliment to them for me to come, I felt that the compliment was at the other end of the line in being thus invited. And I am going to say that on reading the literature received from your chairman concerning the proposed conven- tion, I had a suspicion that the movement was for the purpose of holding Chattanooga up to view, not only for what Chattanooga now has but also the opportunities which are being claimed for Chattanooga. But I want to say in passing that I don't care how much the Chattanooga people were influenced by such motives, nor how much Chattanooga may secure in such advertising, for I know that any good to come to Chattanooga from such 217 advertising and such action of its people, and anything that may be ac- quired therefrom in promotion of their prosperity, will be shared with these other localities in the South, the representatives of which are partici- pating in this occasion, as well as our city of Cincinnati, on the northern borderline, for which I am here to represent. "Before taking my seat, I will mention that about fifteen years ago I recommended to the Board of Directors of our Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce that a standing committee on industrial interests should be appointed — and such committee was appointed, and rendered effective ser- vice. But active business men cannot be expected to give much of time to such general welfare matters. Finding that the situation justified greater facilities and attentions than contemplated in the work of a com- mittee it was recommended that an industrial bureau be organized. Such an auxiliary to our Chamber of Commerce was brought into existence, and in observing the important work it has accomplished during the many years of its existence I have felt that I was entitled to be considered a sort of grandfather to that institution." On the occasion of a meeting of members of the Hicksite branch of the Society of Friends in our city, held at my home on Mount Auburn several years ago, I was requested to give a talk on "What the Church Should Do for Business and the Professions." At the outset I stated that the subject was one which should have been assigned to some other person, for the reason that in the nature of the proposition it belonged to one having identity with the church, and having full sympathy with its purposes. But I spoke — explaining that I had never had identity with any church body, and had never experienced the sensation of spiritual belief, and had never been a worshiper of, or believer in, anything supernatural, upon which were developed the superstitions which govern the ac- tions of human beings. It is proper to say that it has not been my practice in life to find entertainment in discussion upon questions relating to religion and its many forms and responsibilities unless invited to do so by expressions of others. Upon the occasion stated, after the introductory observations I said at the Quaker meeting: Almost all forms of organization which bring people together in order- ly manner are promotive of the higher impulses in the relationships of life — are promotive of a fuller sense of respect for fellow creatures, and there- by encouraging an effort for securing respectful recognition of self from others. One may be a nonbeliever in every essential to religious faith, upon which the church is founded, and yet recognize beneficial influences as resulting from church associations. The church may teach morals, and through this means will be found what it should do for business and the professions. This is substantially the whole question— the entire sphere of influence of the church, relative to the practical affairs of life. It will not be denied that within the sphere of church organizations there are instances of business operations being regulated so that prefer- 2l8 ence is given to those of like religious professions or of membership within the particular church, as against others. But such discrimination against fellowmen not within such fold is not good Christianity. It is to be doubted if the fundamental features of any church really contemplate or directly encourage such discrimination — but very likely much of the teach- ings of the expounders of the religious obligations of the members of the church more or less encourage such practices. This is one of the things which the church should not do for business and the professions. . The church, while an organized body for worshipful purposes, is or may be attended with elements calculated to promote moral tendencies and the betterment of relations and practices among members of the human family. It is here where is to be found the power for beneficial service to the business and professional callings. In proportion as teachings of in- dustry and uprightness gain influence so will be the benefits to such call- ings from the church. Selfishness is the predominating characteristic of human nature, and it is the province of the church to do much in stimulating an effort for modi- fication of this evil. Out of selfishness grows untruthfulness and dis- honesty. Uprightness is the one element above all others which should enter into the teachings of the church, and in the recognition of all con- cerned in business and the professions. The moral elements in life may have encouragement in religious train- ing and teachings, but may be existent apart and wholly distinctive from religious sentiment. Next to uprightness comes charity. It was Shelley who gave utterance to the sentiment, "What a divine religion might be found out if charity were really made the principle of it instead of faith.'' How wide apart are faith and charity — the one not dependent on reality, but yielding recogni- tion to what is not known; the other an element which is of greatest potency in bringing peace and happiness to the human heart. Charity, love and toleration are closely akin. A little girl was asked how it was that everybody loved her so much — and her answer was, "I think it is because I love everybody so much,'' which illustrates the responsive power of good and worthy impulses and manifestations. What you think of another de- pends much on how you look at him — what sentiments govern your power of vision. Charity should ever be existent. It is fair to assume that all church bodies have been constructed on good intentions, having in view the betterment of the conditions of man- kind, and recognizing the truth as understood by the promoters of such organizations. The church is the creation of human beings within the range of civilization — and all classes of these creatures are disposed to recognize the value of well-doing according to their understanding. Much of the evil attributable to church organization and education is due to the over-zealous and fanatical nature of its advocates and expounders, and lack of toleration for the beliefs and customs of others, even though they be as earnest, sincere and devoted in adherence to the righteous demands of life according to their understanding as can be shown by their scorners and persecutors. It is as unreasonable to expect or demand that others should or can regard questions pertaining to religious observances and obligations as we do as that it would be that we be expected to put aside our views and 219 practices for theirs. No Christian is more profoundly earnest and sincere in his religious convictions and devotions than is the believer in Islam, the religion of the Mohammedans. These expressions may be subject to criticism as not pertinent to the particular question under consideration — but they are in fact a part of the description of intents, purposes, powers and action of church bodies, of which it has been inquired as to their obligations to business and the pro- fessions. At a recent meeting of the Hicksite branch of the Society of Friends, held at our home, I spoke upon "Some Quaker Influences," as follows, with some omissions: From early childhood I have been in the Quaker atmosphere more than that of other phases of religious influence. . . So far as my oppor- tunity for observation has served me, no religious sect has had higher claims for recognition in moral intent, endeavors and example, than the Quakers. The spirit of toleration in the early days of Quakerism was but little if any better than was manifested by other religious classes deficient in this particular, but with the advance of time there came commendable betterment in this feature. Among the distinguishing influences for good emanating from the Quakers there developed a notable position of human helpfulness, securing to them a record of high distinction — the part taken by them in protection and aid given to the black people of our country in fleeing from slavery to freedom — in escaping from the horrors of the unnatural conditions of slavery imposed and inflicted upon human beings by human beings. Not only have the Quakers had this distinction, but also as actors among the most prominent of those who unselfishly, bravely and persistently labored and fought for the abolition of this monstrous evil in our country. The words of James G. Blaine in this particular are significant. Said he: "The Abolitionists were a proscribed and persecuted class, denounced with un- sparing severity by both of the great political parties, condemned by many of the leading churches, libeled in the public press, and maltreated by furious mobs. In no part of the country did they constitute but a handful of the population. They were largely recruited from the Society of Friends. Caring nothing for prejudice, meeting opprobrium with silence, shaming the authors of violence by meek nonresistance, relying on moral agencies alone, appealing simply to the reason and conscience of men, they arrested the attention of the nation by arraigning it before public opinion of the world." These expressions tell in glowing words not only the characteristics reflected by Abolitionists, but also as distinguishing the Quakers. Not only for the abolition of slavery did the Quakers, chiefly in New England, de- vote their efforts and apply their energies and power, but in other lines of betterment and progress in the interest of the human welfare — including equal rights for women in the affairs of men as participants in legislative and governmental proceedings; in the cause of temperance; in the peace- ful adjustment of disputes and differences arising between states and nations; in the abolition of war and the lessening of miseries among human creatures. In some instances the contentions in the reform movement in our own national affairs contemplated elimination of all discrimination against sex, race or color in the privileges of the ballot. That grand and 220 influential champion of moral betterment and equal rights, Elizabeth Buffum Chace, of Rhode Island, held that "men and women are endowed with different qualities and qualifications which are all needed to make complete any social or political organization." So her biographer said: "Holding this belief, that men and women had different capacities, she was inclined to think that in some departments of government, women would do better than men had done." In her eighty-ninth year this leader in the better thought among efforts for righteous advancement, in an appeal in 1895 on behalf of petitioners to the Rhode Island General Assembly for Woman Suffrage, said: "I want to tell you that apart from and beyond our conviction that women have the same right to self-government that men have, and which lies at the foundation of all republicanism for men, is the fact that intelli- gent, conscientious women feel a deep and ineradicable sense of duty, to assist in the management of governmental affairs. I want to tell you that, as wives, mothers, sisters and daughters, we can never perform our whole duty to our families and our homes, until we share in the making of the laws under which those institutions are organized and exist; until women have a choice in the selection of the officers by whom these laws are ad- ministered; until women apply their housewifely skill in helping to purify the bodies politic and civil, from the cancerous sores which corrupt our towns, our cities and our States." This woman of high thought, of forceful power, and of action for good, was a Quaker. JOY'S WAY. Skimming an idle stone along the lake An idle day, Sudden I saw a little rainbow wake Amid the spray. Which, trying oft, I could no more remake. This is joy's way: All in a moment in our eyes to break, Then flee away; Nor all our toiling can e'er bring it back, Nor all our play. — Authorship unknown. ONCE IN A WHILE. Once in a while within our own We clasp the hand of a steadfast friend; Once in a while we hear a tone Of love with the heart's own voice to blend; And the dearest of all our dreams come true, And on life's way is a golden mile; Each thirsting flower is kissed with dew Once in a while. — From Verses by Nixon Waterman. 221 SELECTIONS FROM PRICE CURRENT COMMENTS. As examples of comments which I found occasion for offering in the columns of the Cincinnati Price Current some are copied here — affording an indication of the nature of work so performed. My policy in the conduct of the Price Current is well reflected in comments upon criticisms from a reader who took exceptions to my expressions concerning the pork deal of 1884 — of which an ac- count will be found among the clippings here copied. Under date New Orleans, April 5, 1885, a communication was received, in which were the following introductory observations : "Being a subscriber and a great admirer of your valuable paper, you will allow me to express my opinion on the controversy you have taken up in your issues of the 26th of March and 2d inst., and I trust you will permit these lines to go before the public, although the standpoint you have taken in the matter throws upon you the light of partiality. I ex- pect it so much the more, as I sincerely believe it was not your in- tention to appear partial, much less to be so. I do not think it is the province of an editor of a commercial paper of the standing which the Cincinnati Price Current enjoys to eulogize any party in a so-called 'commercial enterprise.' I say so-called, because a 'cor- ner,' such as the one referred to by you and your New York corre- spondent, is not really a commercial enterprise. Therefore if I al- lege that you committed a mistake in eulogizing Mr. Armour for his successful management of the pork deal of 1884, I merely address you in your position as the editor of a commercial paper of high standing." The comments which were offered upon the communication here copied from New Orleans closed with the following expressions: Our correspondent talks about partiality and impartiality, and has not the perception to see that whatever of partiality we have shown has been for fairness and for facts. If we have earned for our paper the expressions of commendation as a journal of "high stand- ing," it has been due, in our judgment, to adherence to this sort of partiality, and to independence in expression and freedom from any bias from pecuniary influence otherwise than that which prompts industry and honest effort so as to deserve and secure a more gen- erous support through the medium of an enlarged subscription list. We feel privileged to utter opinions upon commercial or other 222 questions with entire freedom, although some of our readers may not think this within the province of an editor of a commercial news- paper; our journal, body and soul, so to speak, is exclusively the property of one person — the writer; one who never has any trade interest at stake to influence judgment or comment, and who en- deavors to not think unkindly of those who differ in conviction; one who also aims to regard with charitable sentiment the gratuitous assumptions of some who feel that words favorable to one or an- other side of questions deemed as having influence upon commercial transactions and values can only be prompted by mercenary motives. We shall continue to edit the paper after the fashion of our own fancy, and regardless of the comments of those who feel that they know better than others what comes within the province of a news- paper to do, or how to run a commercial journal. The following appeared in the Price Current of April 2, 188S, which illustrates some of the passing occurrences which invited newspaper attention: In telling something of the history of the provision trade the past year, in our Annual Report presented a week ago, we made reference to some facts concerning the pork "deal" which resulted in what has been called a "corner,'' last summer. One of our New York readers is much exercised over our brief mention of this feature of the year's business. Our expressions did not partake of a discussion of the moral aspect of cornering operations — they narrated simple facts, in few words. Our sensi- tive New York friend, however, has sniffed a sentiment from these words which causes him disturbance. He seems to fear that anything said which may be calculated to discourage the practice of selling that which one does not possess and has no reasonable expectation of securing will be preju- dicial to "trade,'' and anything that blocks "the wheels of commerce'' in this manner tends to lessen the flow of contributions to that class of middlemen to which our critic belongs. On a former occasion we gave our views upon this particular case, now referred to. We spoke in a manner defensively of the acts of one who was the recipient of more or less of unfavorable comment for carrying out operations in self-defense which resulted in a "corner," in the adjust- ment of accounts with those who voluntarily rendered themselves liable for such punishment. Taking advantage of the panic in securities and the threatened financial crisis existing, last May, certain parties set out to bring about events which in their effects would have been widespread in bringing disaster upon legitimate industry and the interests of the producers of the property "traded" in. In plain words, when this over- selling of pork was in progress, the largest manufacturer in the country, with millions of property hazarded, as a matter of self-protection gave attention to the case with a view of averting if possible a ruinous decline in values. It soon became a contest such as had in view the overthrow of the power of this one party to maintain the stand against these in- fernal marauders from New York, engaged in the most nefarious effort 223 which has been recorded under the guise of "commerce,'' and for which our critic acts as apologist. The only point that we have aimed to make in our words heretofore is, that without the power and resources of the one party which gave the advantage of the issue to himself instead of to those who occasioned this contest, not only the pork packing interests of the country, but to an incalculable extent would also other productive interests have suffered, in the crash that would have resulted and which was contemplated by the projectors of the unrighteous movement. This is our view of the case, and also that nothing could be farther from a correct statement than that made by our friend when he says "the amount of injury inflicted on the packers and dealers in provisions by that corner was incalculable; it threw the whole machinery of the trade out of gearing." What would have been the result to "packers and dealers,'' holding the actual property, had these New York sellers of wind been able to gain control, and accomplish their end in the failure of Mr. Armour? These conspirators against the interests of productive industry would have gathered in their millions at the expense of the impoverish- ment and ruin of a vast number of packers and dealers, and others. It is not true, as intimated by our correspondent, that the "corner simply concentrated all those profits into one hand" — but it is a fact that it confined the losses for the main part to those who were not dealers or packers, and who were but speculators having in view no wish but personal advantage at the sacrifice of legitimate interests. There are no words in our language capable of overstating the enormity of the bad intent of those who were so justly punished by Mr. Armour. Our critic asks that we acknowledge to being "wrong." When he can point out any expression, in the comments he has assailed, as at variance with exact truth, and when he can introduce logical argument to show that those who act as gigantic raiders of the markets, acting with a view of producing unnatural depression in values and creating financial disrup- tion for the purpose of individual gains, are the true benefactors, and the promoters of commercial stability and prosperity, we will "confess and be saved." Until then our voice will be made to utter protests against the monstrous iniquities which are defended in the comments of our critic. In a Price Current editorial in June, 1886, relating to the position of wheat appeared the following observations: At no time within a period of more than twenty years has wheat been so low in value in the Chicago market at this time in the year as now, and within all this period only one month (December, 1884), has marked so low a point at any time in the year. The world's surplus of wheat is not so great as a year ago, and it is yet doubtful as to the world's produc- tion this year equaling that of last. The past year has been one of ex- ceptionally low average of prices — resulting not so much from a plethora of supplies as from erroneous calculations as to the extent of such sup- plies, and thus as to what should be counted upon in the course of events. Rufus Hatch made himself conspicuous early in the year in his pretended interest in the welfare of farmers, and some others became his associates in a manifestation either of ignorance or evil designs. The farmers of this country were led by their fallacious arguments and statements to holding their stocks out of market, while foreign consumers of our sur- 224 plus covered their needs from other sources, and these American farmers have suffered to the extent of many millions of dollars, from the mislead- ing talk of Rufus Hatch and his friends. The Cincinnati Price Current endeavored to give its readers as near as possible the facts in regard to the position of affairs, in doing which it received many unkindly com- ments from those unfortunate enough not to accept the logic of its in- formation. This paper looks back, however, with much of complacency upon the record of its service during the year. The Price Current of May 1, 1902, contained an extended but com- prehensive statement relating to the beef industry, and various questions involved, from which the following are extracts: There is much current talk in the political press in regard to a "beef trust," and alleged arbitrary charges for fresh beef, as represented by prices exacted before such product reaches the consumer. The larger pro- ducers of fresh beef for the trade are also interested to considerable extent in what may be called the retail distribution of the product, through agencies widely scattered and great in number. Through such extension of competitive business there has apparently been reached certain under- standings between the several manufacturing and distributing concerns as are intended to remove the liability of unprofitable trade competition. This of itself does not necessarily imply that such understandings, even were they incident to arrangements as to minimum charges to be made for product, are in fact prejudicial to the interests of the consumer. The growth of the beef industry in the few establishments which now appear to be under censorious criticism has been due to a policy of con- ducting the business on as moderate a margin of profit as consistent with a fair return for investments and management. And as a matter of fact the margin between the producer of the animals and what the consumer pays for the meat product has been vastly reduced by the existence and operation of these great establishments, and these differences have passed to the benefit of the producer and the consumer. Not only this, but through the enterprise possible only to such great concerns has fresh meat found its way steadily and upon acceptable terms to localities without number which previously could not command such facilities in any ap- proach to the degree which has been attained. Etc. Under the earlier conditions incident to beef slaughtering operations the butchers counted on securing the value of the hide and tallow as the needful share of profit. That is, the market price of the four quarters was expected to be equal to the cost of the live animal. The smaller estab- lishments were necessarily unable to utilize by-products which now count largely in favor of the producer and consumer. Much of the fat instead of going to market as tallow sells as oleo stearine and oleo oil, at rela- tively high prices. The tripe is attractively put up for consumption, the tails are utilized for soups, and so on. The competition which exists be- tween these great establishments brings into requisition the most scientific, economical and advantageous processes for utilizing the by-products, which 'are disposed of so as to secure the fullest possible return. The entrails furnish material for sausage casings; the horns and hoofs become com- mercial products; the bones are sold for manufacture of handles for knives and tools; the tail hairs sell in the form of switches; the blood is converted into high-grade ammoniates; and anything that is left after 225 entering these channels, and the manufacture of neatsfoot oil, glue, etc., goes into fertilizer. The Price Current of October 25, 1900, under the heading "Wheat Crop Estimates" said: The Liverpool Corn Trade News of October 10 in commenting on wheat questions in the United States says: "A trustworthy report re- cently received states that the Government will probably put the total yield of winter and spring wheat at 510 to 515 million bushels, the Cin- cinnati Price Current's estimate being now considered somewhat too high." The Price Current has never assumed that its estimate of 550,000,000 bushels for this season's production would be equaled by the Government estimate. It has been shown to the satisfaction of the trade that the official estimates have failed to reflect as large a quantity as the accepted indications of distribution have suggested, and that the official estimate of the 1899 crop was approximately 50,000,000 bushels short of the quantity apparently produced. In the light of past evidences it is to be expected that the official estimate will be to more or less extent a deficient one. Such estimates have their value largely as comparisons, but the nearer they reach actual conditions the better for all concerned in such informa- tion. If the Government report shall indicate say 515,000,000 for 1900, the comparison with 1899 will imply a shortage of 32,000,000 bushels. The Price Current has not contended that the actual production this season would not be smaller than what it was last year to this extent. In connection with the foregoing observations and other expres- sions relating to the 1900 wheat crop, an analysis of the year's production, in the light of evidences of supplies at the beginning and ending of the year, together with the indicated exports and domestic consumption, oc- (?asioned the Price Current of July 4, in offering the details of these particulars to say: "It looks as if the 522,000,000 bushels (of the Govern- ment) as representing the 1900 wheat crop should not be less than 575,000,000." The references to the Government estimates in the foregoing comments related to the Department of Agriculture. The Census figures for the 1899 crop, published in 1902, showed the Department of Agriculture es- timates to be below the enumeration of the Census, which was confirma- tory of the Price Current's position. In the Price Current of October 4, 1900, the following appeared, under the heading "Responsibility for Speculative Losses:'' Under date July 25, 1900, a Chicago commission concern addressed the following expression to the Cincinnati Price Current: "If we have many more such experiences as we have passed through in this market during the past month there will be but very few speculators left in the country, and very little business, with such radical estimates as have been made on the Northwestern crop of wheat and the total crop of this country by certain parties. They have been enough to discourage everyone, and drive everyone that is trading out of the market. We do not want to become at all personal, but it is our opinion that your paper is very wrong in its estimate of the total crop, and will be compelled to acknowl- edge this within the next sixty days. However, such estimates as have been made by your paper and by a person at Minneapolis have done more harm than anything else. Of course, if you are right, it will so be shown in 226 time, but if you are wrong, harm was done that can never be rectified. We mean that money was lost by certain people that they will never be able to make back, for it has ruined a great many that we know of, and people that we believe are as well posted on the situation as anyone could possibly be." The "sixty days" is up, and passed, and it is interesting to note that the Price Current has not yet been "compelled to acknowledge'' that "it is very wrong in its estimate of the total crop." With all the adverse conditions attending the wheat in the Northwest since the harvesting period, and all the talk with the object of getting the wheat market above a reasonable position of values, considering all the bearings, nothing has yet developed in market prices or otherwise to dis- credit the interpretation reached by the Price Current in regard to the general situation. The losses of individuals to which the Chicago party refers were not chargeable to the Price Current, but to the unrighteous assumptions of merciless speculators and their allies, who never hesitate to introduce ex- aggeration or misstatements when called for by their plan for securing un- due advantage over others. The Price Current of May 8, 1902, in speaking upon matters re- lating to governmental crop estimates said: It has been known for a considerable time that within the official service of the Weather Bureau there was a plan looking to the absorption of the Statistical Division of the Department of Agriculture by the meteorologi- cal branch. In the Congressional Record of April 30 is a report of the action of the House in its consideration of the Agricultural Appropriation Bill, by which is adopted a measure providing that the Secretary of Agriculture shall, on or before July 1, 1903, transfer to and consolidate with the Weather Bureau and under the direction of its chief all work of the Department of Agriculture relating to compilation of statistics by the Division of Statistics. The report of the debate incident to this action contains some re- markable statements made by Mr. Cannon, which we quote as follows: "I have no doubt, if this amendment should be adopted, that it will stop the duplication of work and give us more effective statistical informa- tion from the Department of Agriculture for $60,000 less money than we now get. It is along the lines of good appropriation and good administra- tion. It is an open secret, and has been for a long time, that the Weather Bureau, with its service everywhere throughout the country and its daily reports, gathers most of the statistics that are utilized by the Division of Statistics and issues them. Now, all I want to do is to have it well done and done one time." Any one who has had knowledge of the work of the statistical division and of the weather bureau must know that there has been no duplication of work, and that there can be no stopping of that which does not and never did occur. And further, the statement that the weather bureau gathers most of the statistics that are utilized by the division of statistics is absolutely in- consistent with known conditions, and this declaration is without an ele- ment of accuracy or correct application. It was manifestly upon these erroneous presentations that the members 227 of the House in large degree were influenced to believe that the proposi- tion was meritorious, and for the betterment of the service performed by the government, as well as meaning economy in expenditures. Mr. Cannon says that all he wants to do is to have the service well done, and done one time. If he means this, and only this, as these words should imply, he cannot consistently stand by the action which he has en- couraged the House to take, in arranging to bring together two distinctive kinds of work. The mixture as contemplated cannot commend itself to favorable consideration from any standpoint which has in view proper re- sults for all who are interested in such information. The weather bureau work is specifically one of meteorology, and the facilities at command for carrying on this service have appropriately been utilized to furnish general indications of prominent crops as affected by precipitation and temperature conditions from week to week. These bulle- tins have been very serviceable, but they do not and cannot take the place of the statements furnished by the statistical division, which alone afford bases for specific calculations. It need not be assumed that such work can- not be performed under the Chief of the Weather Bureau, but whether with- in this bureau, or under any other bureau or branch of the Government, its machinery must necessarily remain distinctive — therefore the pretense of economy and of duplication of work is not pertinent, and the contention for the proposed change is without due reason. Illustrative of questions calling for consideration is the following from the Price Current of May 7, 1903, referring to expressions from an investment broker at New York, saying: "As you are the recognized national authority on crop statistics I should very much like to have you state in your valuable publication whether at this time you still consider the figures of last year's corn crop reliable. To the outsider it seems incredible that with a crop by far the largest on record, the price of corn in Chicago should have sustained it- . self right along." In regard to the corn situation, it is to be remembered that there was practically an exhaustion of old grain, and that consumption began un- usually early on the new crop. The Chicago market price is gauged gen- erally by the relative offerings of contract quality, and it is well under- stood that the crop of 1902 has been deficient in this particular — a large part of the grain failing to reach full degree of maturity. Under this con- dition the feeding quality of the grain was lowered, so that it has taken an increased bulk to accomplish usual results. Very likely also the liberal proportion of inferior quality has led to careless or wasteful methods on farms in feeding such grain. These are some of the elements in the ques- tion of prices this year. Other features include a new condition in the relation of No. 2 and No. 3 grades of corn, inaugurated in the preceding year, when the quality of the grain was so high that there was little of the commercial product inspected below No. 2 — and some smart traders saw an opportunity for making contracts for deliveries to call for "No. 3 or better," which meant the delivery of No. 2 in fact. The continuance of this method of making contracts has had the effect to support prices the present season for No. 3, when there has been a shortage of No. 2 grade. Another matter to be mentioned is the large quantities of corn which has been damaged by delays in transportation, rendering it unfit for commer- 228 cial purposes. For the 'month of April such grain represented over 26 per cent of the entire receipts; recent weeks 31 to over 40 per cent. There are other contributing influences in explanation of the continu- ance of the high level of prices for commercial quality corn. With the shortage of the preceding crop and the naturally resulting high position of the market reached for this grain the trade became educated, so to speak, to the unusually high values, and conditions became adapted to such situa- tion. Various other products have taken on higher prices than previously prevailing, notwithstanding evidences of abundance. Taking in all the apparent features of the situation we fail to find the Chicago price for commercial quality of corn an evidence that the crop estimate was not deserving of confidence. From lengthy comments in the Price Current of April 19, 1894, re- viewing in detail the statements submitted to the Senate by Secretary Morton, the following paragraphs are copied: The Senate resolution calling for a statement from the Secretary of Agriculture relative to wheat recognized the criticisms of the Cincinnati Price Current concerning crop estimates of the Department of Agriculture as among causes leading to such action by the Senate. In view of this fact, the Cincinnati Price Current deems it proper to review the report which has been submitted by Secretary Morton. At the outset the Price Current earnestly disclaims any wish or intention, in the past or at this time, to disparage any meritorious characteristics which the crop estimates of the Department of Agriculture may have, its criticisms being prompted only by faithful journalism in the interest of the general public, relative to service deemed to be faulty, in view of available evidence. Etc. These are not the only inconsistent characteristics of the report, but they represent certain features which count with reference to future calcu- lations. The farmer who finds the official declaration, called out by the Senate of the United States, recognizing a large quantity "available for exportation" in excess of any expectations of what can be thus distributed within the period before the plentifulness of new grain is to be felt in the markets, will be more likely to be led to part with his grain at the point of depression than if there were a more hopeful presentation of the situa- tion. The buyer in foreign markets will not be slow in recognizing the ef- fect of such an erroneous exhibit, and he will slacken rather than quicken his transactions. The every-day speculator on the exchanges, who cares nothing whether such statements are in fact correct or not, makes use of them in the formation of trade sentiment proportionately to the extent of their departure from the point of understood accuracy. Etc. We can think of nothing which could have been introduced in the statement calculated more than the expressions here quoted to plainly and forcibly show the incompetency of the Secretary's work as an effort under- stood to be one of presentation of fact.s — an effort demanded by the Senate of the United States to overcome the significance of criticisms of the re- ports of the Department of Agriculture by the Cincinnati Price Current and other commercial newspapers, relative to the official work under Sec- retary Morton. Etc. It is not a careless nor random declaration that the wheat crop esti- mate of Secretary Morton's office for 1893 is relatively more faulty than any previous crop estimate of that Bureau of the Government. It has 229 been demonstrated by investigation and evidence which cannot be success- fully challenged as to accuracy. And yet he would charge upon the lesser but important errors in the work of a previous official the larger ones which the ineiificiency of his own office has been responsible for. It is only through such questionable means he can maintain an assumed ac- curacy for the defective work of his subordinate service. Etc. Following the Senate action it was reported that Secretary Morton declared that in his opinion the government should relinquish its efforts for collection and presentation of crop information, which implied that he recognized failure in his department for some years in rendering need- ful service. As a result of extended investigations in regard to supplies of hogs for winter marketing for the season of 1886-87 the Price Current of October, 1886, in its statement said in closing: "All the evidence taken into consideration there is no encouragement to the view that the Winter supply of hogs can much if any exceed last year, with chances favoring some reduction, though not great — so that we arrive at the conclusion that the Winter packing may be expected to show no important variation from last year, with chances more in favor of a smaller than a larger number. It will be well to bear in mind the fact that as a rule the marketing of hogs within a particular period exceeds previous estimates. The exceptions to this are not frequent." The record at the close of the season showed an increase of 140,000 for western pack- ing, confirming the accuracy of the October estimate. Another illustration of the significance of an "opinion" in regard to outlook relating to summer season supplies of hogs is found in the Price Current report for March 1, 1887. The general average of estimates of correspondents pointed to a decrease of 18 per cent in the comparison with the preceding year. The report, however, said: "We regard it likely that the reports have overrated the shortage, and that a decrease of less than 10 per cent was not improbable." The final record of the season's western packing showed only a small decrease. At various times I had correspondence with Statistician J. R. Dodge, of the Department of Agriculture, a man of high order of intelli- gence and ability, but who in his actions and manner appeared to feel that disagreements with him were in a measure a reflection upon his dignified nature. Notwithstanding what passed in the way of criticism and argu- ment between us, our personal acquaintance became one of cordial friend- ship. The exchange of criticisms that passed between us appeared in the Price Current. From the Price Current of February 28, 1907. Under the caption of "A Pure Ballot" the Boston Herald said: "Down in Lewiston, Me., they say rum was used to swing an aldermanic caucus last Tuesday. But we know better. You can't swing a Maine man with rum. It takes fresh milk.'' This reminds us of a Maine story told us by Admiral Albert Kautz, some years ago, in which a Senator from an- other New England State was called into service in a Maine campaign. He was the guest over night of a thrifty farmer. In the morning he found the family starting affairs for the .day. The farmer's wife saluted him, and after some brief observations said to him, "Mr. Senator, we are temperance people here, but I have a bottle in the pantry, and if you will step into 230 the kitchen you can get a nip before breakfast." And the good woman joined in the sociability. He passed out of the house, found the farmer milking. Seeing no one near, the farmer said, "Mr. Senator, we are great temperance people here, but I have a jug in the manger, and if you will join me we can have a nip before breakfast." The milking proceeded, and a further looking around found a couple of the farmer's sons hitching up a team of horses. "Mr. Senator, we are strong temperance people up here, but we boys have a jug on the other side of the haystack, and if you will slip around there with us you can get a nip before breakfast." And the Senator afterward in relating his experience in Maine under the prohibition conditions said he found it the best place to get tight before breakfast he had known. In the Price Current of November 3, 1887, was a lengthy com- munication from John P. Squire & Co., pork packers, Boston, the purport of which was to claim that packers were compelled to sell their pure lard "at prices far below the cost of production," as a result of market offerings of compound lard, which was declared to be a "serious burden upon all packers of hog products in the United States, and indirectly a heavy tax upon the people who consume those products, as it is a fact of reason and necessity that, in regulating the relative prices of hog products for our markets, the packers must consider with great care the relation which the price at which he is able to sell any part of his product bears to its actual cost of production, or to first cost of the hog." Extended remarks were brought out by the communication referred to, in expressions by the Price Current, and upon further lengthy observations from the Boston house. The following paragraphs are sufficient to reflect main points as held by the Price Current: Referring to the communication from John P. Squire & Co., it is there suggested that in former years, "in estimating the relative cost of produc- tion of the different parts of the hog, it was safe to allow that the pure lard product would sell readily for as much per pound, at least, as it cost to produce it," while "nearly or quite all the strictly pure hog's lard which has been produced in this country the past five years has paid a loss of from one to two dollars per hundred pounds." Here, in our judgment, is an important fallacy — an argument having no foundation in fact. There is no definable relative cost of lard, from the producer's standpoint, who buys the whole hog, which yields a certain proportion of lard and of different cuts of meat. It is true that a portion of the animal must of necessity be rendered into lard — but whatever the proportion, larger or smaller, obtained for this or other articles of the product, it is the aggregate value of such product which governs the packer in his purchases of hogs; if he obtains an apparent premium over the usual relation of values for any particular part of the hog, whether it be the lard, or hams, or shoulders, or sides, he can pay correspondingly more for his hogs — just the same as the manufacturer who avails himself of labor saving methods by which cost of manufacture is reduced can pay cor- respondingly an increase for the raw material, and maintain competition in the markets. An interesting illustration of the shifting relations in prices of hog products appeared in an item in the Price Current of August S, 1886, quoting from a Milwaukee Sentinel interview with Patrick Cudahy, who 231 was credited with saying: "Only a few years ago lard and pickled hams were bringing the same price; hams are now selling at 11^ cents, and lard at 6§^." From time to time the attitude or foreign countries unfavorable to American Tiog products induced declarations favoring actions in retaliation. I could never accept this as a commendable course, and maintained oppo- sition to such propositions, on all occasions, in the Price Current. Among other features of public interest which received my atten- tion was the interference with the oleomargarine industry, enforced by dairy interests and their political coadjutors. Legislative discrimination against this deserving product was held as not justified by any legitimate or proper recognition of questions and rights involved. The following is an extract from a Price Current editorial appearing in May, 1886: It has not been demonstrated, and we believe cannot be, that oleo- margarine is not a wholesome article of food. It cannot be shown that in its manufacture there are substances used unfit for the human stomach, any more than in the manufacture of dairy or creamery butter. We ven- ture the assertion emphatically that the commercial substitutes for butter now offered to consumers, in an equal volume of product, contain a much smaller proportion of offensive material and filth from improper handling and manipulation in the process of manufacture than does the genuine butter that finds its way into consumption through commercial channels. But the question now agitating the dairy interest is not one of a sanitary nature — it- is simple selfishness, and a demand for protection of one in- dustry by the annihilation of a competitive and rival one. Where shall our legislatures stop, if they entertain measures of taxing out of existence a legitimate enterprise because in its advance it encroaches upon the profit- able results obtained in others to which it becomes a rival? Under the heading "The Prevailing Commotion'' the Price Current of January 27, 1910, said: More error of statement and display of ignorance of causes and effects have recently appeared in discussions of and expressions relating to prices of food products than has been shown for a long time, in propositions in which the public is widely concerned. The labor unions are conspicuous among causes, by their attitude and actions toward the employing interest in curtailing the number of hours allowable for productive labor, by which the effectiveness of individual service has been lessened. The labor unions are the most distinctive of "trusts," in effecting restraint of trade and interference with the rights of consumers. This is one of the various factors, rarely alluded to, which have had to do in producing changes in prices of commodities. The present commotion has more particular relation to food prices, especially of meat. Among the irrational movements is that of application of the boycott, under the assumption that prevailing prices represent undue control of conditions by the manufacturers of such product — setting aside consideration of supply and demand, as not features of the situation. The boycott movement, however, gives illustration of the fact that demand has a direct influence on market values, as shown by the lowering of prices already enforced. From Washington a special dispatch to a local daily newspaper this 232 week makes reference to "statistics which were dug up" on Monday by which it is held that this evidence disproves any claim that supply and de- mand is a law governing prices in the beef trade, illustrating the case by showing the number of cattle received on October 16, 1909, to have been greater than on the corresponding day of 1908, while quotations were higher in 1909 than in 1908 for the corresponding date — with similar ex- hibits for November 27 and December 4. It is easy to find single days in any year with records of market movement exceeding that of a preceding year, and such illustration in discussion of such matters is a fallacy and is misleading. Another extravagant presentation is that of extent of products held in cold storage, with incidental attacks upon these facilities of protection of public interests. The cold storage facilities are among the most important and essential of present-day utilities in saving from loss needful food products and equalizing supplies under the fluctuations of current re- sources. In the Price Current of June 4, 1908, was this paragraph: On returning from the trip to the Lake Mohonk Conference the Editor of the Price Current found among the letters which came in his absence one from a merchant in a southern city, who is widely known and who has long been a subscriber of this paper, which contains the following words: "In your article, 'Wrong, but Business,' I agree with you in all you say, and I wish to thank you for writing so strongly to expose fraud. We have several grades of men in business life today; some as good men as ever lived, in all branches of business, and some as mean, I fear. All we can do is to protest, and try to make men better, and keep eternally at it." That reflects a sentiment which does credit to the individual, and serves to furnish inspiration in others promotive of the common welfare. In November, 1882, the following appeared in the Price Current: "I heard a man in Cleveland scolding at you awfully," said a gentleman to us on 'Change. "Indeed — and did we deserve it?" "No, and I worked awfully hard in your defense, and thought I had earned about as much in doing so as this three dollars, which please credit to my subscription account." "What ailed our friend?" "Why, he read your account of interviews at Chicago a few weeks ago, and the statement that John Beazley bet ten dollars that packing hogs for November and December would average eight dollars, and then ten that they would average seven and a half for the winter, and he went off and bought November pork at $21.00." "Well, didn't we say we took those bets in?" "Yes, but he concluded to operate on John's judgment against yours, and now he's awful mad at you because he's made a big loss." "Exactly. We didn't ask him to buy November pork, nor any other pork. If values went in the direction our judgment indicated, of course he should be mad when he staked his pile that we were wrong. Give him our compliments. Tell him we are glad of it — and hope he had a big lot. But don't forget that we have never encouraged anybody to buy pork when we thought it likely to decline. Perhaps he feels entirely happy towards the other man." 233 The Price Current of January 31, 1884, had this paragraph: "Readers of the Price Current are today furnished with an exhaustive statement upon the wheat situation, and which gives more light upon the question of present stocks, domestic consumption, etc., than anything pre- viously offered from any source. We feel that in the labor thus bestowed upon this subject, for the statement now presented, we have performed a good service." In the following week it was observed that "a few persons have been made more or less unhappy by the Price Current's wheat estimates pub- lished a week ago." The most distinctive criticism was from a St. Louis party, who held that there was not wheat and flour enough in the country to supply its own wants until harvest, and that for every bushel exported henceforward, a like quantity must ultimately be imported, or have the rations of wheat product cut short. The Price Current's conclusions indi- cated that for the remaining half of the crop year there could be furnished as much for export as in the preceding year for the corresponding period, with remaining stocks at the end equal to the corresponding situation the preceding year. With the progress of the season there was no lowering of rations of wheat products for the people, but there was some lowering of prices, and nothing in evidence to discredit the merit of the Price Current's January statement. In the Price Current of March 27, 1884, appeared this paragraph: "On reflection, we arrive at the conclusion that the Price Current has fur- nished the trade a large amount of very reliable and valuable information in regard to the grain crops and resources, the past two years especially. We don't take our hat oflf to anybody, on this point." And lower down in the same column appears this, addressed to the Editor: "Hamilton, Ohio, March 21. — Can't you give us a strong bull article in your paper on wheat, just once? And oblige your many unfortunate friends.'' To which the Editor said: "Send us the data. We will cheerfully present it." The wheat crop of the United States in 1885 was a short one, and largely below the record crop of the preceding year. In the Price Current of October 1, 1885, appeared these expressions, incident to extended re- marks: "During the past month we have given considerable attention to the question of wheat supply and requirements, for the current year — the logic of which has been that no famine was imminent, and that the actual shortage in supply, considering the available surplus brought forward to this crop season, as compared with the average of the annual production and needs, has not the importance generally attached to the question. . . Among those who have been disturbed by the impartial efforts of the Price Current in giving light on the general situation as to supply and re- quirements in regard to wheat the current year is one who has been a large speculative operator, and we presume he is now similarly interested in wheat on the 'long' side." Following these expressions were quotations from a private letter re- ceived from this operator, in which this language appeared: "The per- sistency and strained effort your journal is making to carry the public mind to the conclusion that wheat is as high as it will be, and that it is likely to sell lower, is simply irresistible, if they are to be influenced by what you yourself write and print. I confess that I cannot understand you, for no man can convince me that you have any motive in trying to 234 use the power and influence your journal exercises over the commercial public from Maine to Florida. To me there is but one conclusion, that you do not begin to realize the position these articles are placing you in. The whole drift of your writing is in effect this: That the world's supply is very ample, as much so as last year, for the requirements of the world. . . I am only led to write you in this way because I have a great admira- tion for you personally. Your journal is so reliable and high toned, I can- not bear to see you placing yourself in such an absurd and false position.'' In the comments which followed the quotation here given the following expressions appeared: "To this partisan criticism we have to say that in its support there can be nothing produced from the utterances of the Price Current. There has been no statement to imply that the 'world's supply of wheat is very ample, as much so as last year, for the requirements of the world,' in the sense in which this criticism is submitted. Our critic does not attempt to in- troduce any statement made by the Price Current which is at variance with facts, evidence and logical deduction. If we have fallen into error in any particular, we shall thank him or any other person to indicate it. Our effort has been to point out in the clearest possible manner what can be expected from the present crop of wheat as to resources for the current year — and our calculations and deductions have not been successfully challenged. . . As to the supply of wheat, we have been able to show that the shortage in this country is not so great as the popular voice would make it; that the deficiency is great, compared with the excessive produc- tion of 1884, not only in this country, but elsewhere; that with the surplus in this country and elsewhere brought over from last year there is supply enough to meet all probable necessities — but not without reducing the surplus to a point greatly below that of the preceding year." Etc. Reference to the course of wheat prices at Chicago, subsequent to the time of the appearance of these observations finds support to the position taken by the Price Current. At no time subsequent to September in that season was cash wheat quotations in Chicago as high as in that month. For the five months subsequent to January 1 in that season the average of cash quotations was 8 per cent lower than for the preceding five months. It is interesting to note that for the wheat crop of the United States in 1885 the Price Current offered an elaborate report in its issue of June 4, showing at this early period in the season an indication on the basis then apparent of a total of 368,000,000 bushels, while the final official estimate for the crop, at the end of the season, was 357,000,000 bushels. The Price Current estimate of the promise of the season's corn crop as stated under date August 18, 1887, was within 2 per cent of the final record of the Department of Agriculture — suggesting a total of 1,480,000,000 bushels. The September report of the Department of Agri- culture made the indication appear as for 1,570,000,000 bushels. The later estimate of the Price Current, under date September 29, in an elaborate report, was 1,510,000,000 bushels. The iinal official estimate was 1,456,000,000. In the Price Current of July 1, 1886, an elaborate statement based on special inquiries was offered in regard to the outlook for the season's wheat crop in this country, resulting in an estimate of 295,000,000 bushels for the winter crop, and 140,000,000 for spring— a total of 435,000,000. The 235 July report promulgated later from the Department of Agriculture con- cerning the wheat crop condition made it appear that the official estimate was 295,000.000 for the winter portion, and 139,000,000 for spring — a total of 434,000,000. Rather interesting comparisons. The Department's final estimate for the crop represented 302,000,000 for winter grain, and 155,000,000 for spring— a total of 457,000,000 bushels. In the Price Current of September 4, 1890, appeared the following editorial comments: We were given credit for "going into the prophecy business'' when we said in the Price Current of June 12: "It is not usually wise to urge the holding upon stocks of grain when there is activity in demand, especially at values better than previously current — but the signs of the season are more than ordinarily favorable to an outlook for better prices for the incoming crop than even the improved values now being obtained for the remnant of the old." Wheat in Chicago at that time for September de- livery was at about 90 cents — and so far as the logic of events since then can be made to apply they appear to support the reasonableness of the proposition. We have received from Oliver Dalrymple, a widely-known and exten- sive wheat grower in Dakota, who has long been a reader of the Price Current, a clipping from a newspaper, bearing his signature. One point made by Mr. Dalrymple is that in late years wheat production has not been enlarged in proportion to increase in population, and that in the United States the tendency suggests that this country ere long will reach the point of importing instead of exporting wheat. It is not unlikely, however, that this may not prove a well-founded apprehension, especially if values of wheat should become established on a higher plane than in recent years. The coming year appears likely to develop an increasing interest in wheat culture in this country, under the stimulus of better prices. The cheapness of transportation, the economies in the great milling establishments, and other factors, will serve to maintain the in- terest in wheat culture to a point of liberal surplus for export for many years to come. Not unlikely irrigation methods, or higher state of culture by which increased yield per acre will result, may serve in an unexpected manner in the near future in shifting the seeming tendency in production as compared with population. The main object of Mr. Dalrymple in addressing his "brother farmers" and the wheat dealers generally is to urge upon them the grounds which support the view that the legitimate situation of wheat at this time is a strong one for producers and holders, and favors higher prices. The communication of Mr. Dalrymple followed these expressions. Upon examination of records of Chicago prices for cash wheat it is shown that the intimation in the first paragraph of the comments here quoted as to better prices for the incoming crop of wheat was supported by results for the crop year — the general average for the first six months being about 96 cents per bushel, and for the second six months about 100 cents. But as compared with the position the latter part of August, when the position was about 105 cents it was not subsequently equaled excepting in the month of April, the average for the months subsequent to August being lower than for the time when Mr. Dalrymple wrote, suggesting that conditions tended to make "the legitimate situation a strong one for pro- 236 ducers and holders of wheat and favor as high a range of prices for the crop of 1890, when uninfluenced by speculation, as has obtained for many years." Under the heading "Advocating Deception In Business Matters" the Price Current of August 16, 1900, had the following: The ambition of human nature to secure possession of property equiva- lents without rendering service for the same is the underlying element of a- large part of what is called "'speculation,'' and especially that which cen- ters in Board of Trade and Stock Exchange operations. Option trading is the fashionable form of such operations — and all option trading which contemplates final adjustment without delivery of property is wagering, and this is gambling, excepting perhaps that which represents the hedging transaction of a concern which is engaged in the production and distribu- tion of products which form the basis of such speculative dealings. Speculation in options and of a kindred nature gives encouragement to questionable or dishonest practices. The agents of speculators are much too frequently found to be pursuing methods seriously at variance with honesty. Our attention has been called to an expression in a circular from To- ledo, Ohio, under date August 7, as follows: "The government report should be relied upon more than it is, and the statistician at Washington should receive more encouragement from the grain trade than he does. It seems though that some of the private crop reports receive more notice and are more talked about than the govern- ment's reports. The Cincinnati Price Current issues a report every week, and while they stated a month ago that there would be SSO millions of wheat raised, they keep harping on it every week for fear some one might forget about it. "If we can make foreigners believe that our crop is smaller than it really is, we think we ought to do it. They are buyers, and the more they pay for our grain the more prosperous our country will be. It is not good business policy for a man who has anything to sell to talk his goods down. He ought to make people believe that thefy are getting a bargain, so if the statistician at Washington claims that the wheat crop this year amounts only to 500 million bushels we don't think the report of the Price Current, or any other authority, ought to be published at all. What is the use of having these government reports if we do not believe in them?" This circular came to the Price Current from the widely-known house of Ballard & Ballard Co., extensive flour millers, who comment as follows: "We must say that we think it perfectly extraordinary that any firm should advertise the fact that they believe in falsifying returns in the same circular which they ask the public to give them business. Doubtless there are many firms who resort to underhand methods, and are willing to make false reports and statements, but we do not recall any instance where a firm does this openly and asks for patronage at the same time." No one who would "make foreigners believe that our crop is smaller than it really is" can maintain claim for being prompted by honest motives. Methods of deception in business operations are not consistent with honesty or trustworthiness. The foreign buyer, of wheat or other surplus product, is an important factor in the interest of the producer. He is as much entitled to knowledge 237 of facts as to indications and resources, for his guidance, as is the pro- ducer to have facts as to the situation of foreign markets. Deception that will prove disastrous to the buyer must in time find its compensation at the expense of the seller. 1 was one of a limited number of persons constituting a local Sec- retaries Association, years ago. At one of the meetings some sociological educators were invited to be present, and to address the meeting. The professor of sociology of the University of Cincinnati was present and addressed the meeting. His talk occasioned comment in the Price Current of November 22, 1906, of which the following is a part: It may be said that his talk was interesting, and instructive — interesting as an illustration of what conclusions can be reached and what theories advanced by students within certain educational limitations, and instructive as showing in some degree the fallacies and the dangers attending the kind of education which such students serve to promote. This teacher upon questions of sociology, among his various citations of influences upon a community by different classes of labor, argued that the person who in factory work served a simple part in feeding into a machine the material to be converted into the requisite form or condition represented an element in society and in the community of an undesirable nature — as the condi- tions of the service required that the person should be limited to actions which were essentially a part of the operations of the machine. His argu- ment was that this kind of labor represented an evil influence in the moral status of the community. When asked as to what he would substitute for this part of the necessary work in operation of machinery, he could not oflfer a satisfactory proposition. He cited the Fall River millman who brought foreigners into service to lower the cost of production of goods so as to compete in the world's markets with other offerings as responsible for conditions equivalent to robbery of American workmen, whose services were available only at higher rates, and who in fact were not sufficient in numbers to keep the machinery in operation without the aid of imported labor. He held that these employers were to be classed with robbers and murderers, for their responsibility for evil conditions in bringing into the community such kind of labor. He had much to say about labor organizations, and the employing in- terests, and made claim as to ability to speak understandingly for the labor interests because of the extent of his contact with them and talks among them — and his sympathies and prejudices were manifestly with this organized class as against unorganized labor and the employing interests. The logic of his presentation of matters was that the responsibility for friction and misunderstandings between employers and organized labor and for strikes and attending evils was mainly chargeable to the em- ployers. He repeatedly charged that the acts and operations of employing interests were "un-American," in connection with securing foreign labor and in eflforts at keeping cost of production within such limits as admitted of competition. Such use and application of the term "un-American" de- serves to be regarded as un-American. It is not consistent with the dignity which belongs to a people advanced in civilization. It reflects a sentiment of arrogance not creditable to a great country. There is no reasonable ground for its introduction in such matters. This kind of an educator, as 238 an influential part of the work of institutions engaged in the higher educa- tional work, is an unfortunate and dangerous element. The country would be better off without them. The following is part of a comment that appeared in the Price Current of July 11, 1912, under the heading Blundering Literature: In the Country Gentleman, an agricultural journal now published by the Curtis Publishing Company, an article appeared under the caption "The Selling and Buying of Pork — The Nature and the Progress of a Great Industry" — bearing the signature of Willis Bullock. It is a rather elaborate statement and mixture of information. The statement that "more than half the swine in the country, at the beginning of the current year, were located in the Far Western States," as mentioned, is a remarkable one to be offered by anyone pro- fessedly competent to write upon such subjects for public information. Instead of 28,488,000 as being the number of swine reported by the Depart- ment of Agriculture for these States the total number was 2,124,000. In- stead of "more than half" of the total for the country these far western States represented 354 P^r cent. Montana, instead of having the absurd total of 5,011,000 for swine had 143,000; Wyoming, instead of 4,969,000 had 43,000; New Mexico, instead of 3,300,000 had 50,000. The writer of the article here mentioned made use of sheep figures for the group of far western States. If he had had any intuition as to the siignificance of 5,011,000 as to the swine population of Montana, and of the other figures mentioned, he could not have proceeded so ignorantly in an attempt at dissemination of technical information. In a communication in the Liverpool Corn Trade News in 1897 from J. C. Brown, Statistician of the New York Produce Exchange, its writer said: "You are wholly in error in declaring that my interpretation of the government's report was not arrived at 'by a proportion sum;' and it is a little odd that such a misstatement should be made as to estimates of the first public investigator into the quantitative meaning, in bushels, of per- centages of condition, which claim I am prepared to substantiate at any time. Over ten years ago I publicly announced, and published articles showing, that there was a certain and close relation between the general average condition and the resulting average yield per acre of a crop, which may be logically calculated and applied to the estimated acreage and the volume of the crop foretold with considerable accuracy months in advance of its announcement by the government." Etc. I made comment in the Price Current of September 2, 1897, including the following, and ending the discussion: The feature which has especially attracted our attention is the position which Mr. Brown takes in arrogating to himself the credit of being the "first public investigator into the quantitative meaning, in bushels, of percentages of condition, which claim I am prepared to substantiate at any time." In the language of Mr. Brown, the statement "is a little odd." It seems to justify a query as to whether Mr. Brown wrote in earnest, or playfully. The Price Current, while assuming no credit to such a "discovery" as Mr. Brown has laid claim to, deems it proper under the circumstances to mention that "quantitative meaning" of the "condition" percentage of 239 crops was recognized and applied, in statements which it published from time to time, prepared by the writer of this comment, many years before Mr. Brown was "Statistician," and long before he became the "first investi- gator'' in this particular field. We have always felt that the "quantitative meaning" of condition per- centage was inseparable from a consideration of the subject of "condition" — that there was no real significance in the percentage of condition system which Orange Judd introduced about the time Statistician Brown was cutting teeth excepting with reference to "quantitative meaning." The "quantitative meaning" of 100 for wheat was of course not the same in bushels as for corn or potatoes, and hence 60, or 70, or 80 per cent of con- dition had a different "quantitative" significance for the different crops, but as a basis with reference to the full or normal yield the significance was alike in all cases — the basis, however, being elastic with reference to each crop, from the fact that full or normal growth leads to different yields under different conditions of soil and climate, which characterize different regions of the country. Therefore a variation in the relative area of regions having a different basis calls for a different "meaning" as to "quantitative" prospects of the crop as an entirety. An amusing instance of religious sensitiveness is alluded to in the Price Current of July 20, 1899, which observed that after receiving and paying for the paper for a number of years a party at New York wrote: "Please discontinue the Price Current. We do not want a commercial and religious paper under the same management." This comment was made: The commercial characteristics of the paper appear to have been acceptable. The "religious" element which has been so disturbing appears to have been found in the following, which was re- cently copied from some source into the columns of the Price Current, and is returned to us marked by our retiring reader, whose keen sensitiveness it was not intended to offend, and who perhaps is under a cloud of doubt as to whether he will "go to heaven" or not: — Dorothy — "Mamma, if I should die, would I go to heaven?" "Why, yes, darling; of course you would." "And if you should die, would you go to heaven too?" "I hope so, dear." "I hope so, too; because it would be very awkward for me to be known as the little girl whose mother is in hell." At the annual meeting of the National Board of Trade in January, 1887, there was a proposition on the program of subjects favoring a uni- form standard for grain measure, in which I offered a statement and argu- ment, a portion of which appeared in the Price Current, with detailed specifications of the systems of different countries, including the following particulars: "In wheat alone there are about 250,000,000 bushels annually moved from exporting to importing countries, of which quantity the United States contributes fully fifty per cent, or as much as all other wheat exporting countries. The foreign markets which receive this surplus largely govern the value of the product dealt in and consumed at home, and the volume of speculative transactions which are more or less directly influenced by foreign markets receiving this surplus is many fold greater than this annual average movement; it is indeed beyond computation. 240 "The American exporter and speculative operator who is interested in the markets abroad is not only confronted and confused with the diversity in the money standards tut also the great variety of grain measures. As an illustration, it may be mentioned that while the Liverpool market quotes wheat on the cental basis, in London the bushel and the quarter are in vogue — the bushel being about 3 per cent larger than that in use In the United States, while the quarter represents various quantities, from 480 to 504 pounds. A great variety of measures are in use in the interior or smaller markets in England. Statistics of the British grain trade are largely submitted in hundred weights of 112 pounds, increasing the com- plications. In France, the hectolitre, representing 2.83?^ United States bushels, and the quintal, 220.46 pounds avoirdupois, or 3.67 bushels of 60 pounds, are the prevailing standards. In Germany the kilogram, of slightly over 2-1/5 pounds, is the prevailing basis of measure; and in Russia the chetwert, slightly less than 6 United States bushels, and the kilo, equal to nearly 15^4 United States bushels, are in use, as also the pood, representing a fraction over 36 pounds, or 6-10 of a 60 pound bushel of wheat. "The cental system conforms with the existing basis of freight calcula- tions in this country, and as it is the decimal system it has the merit of the highest degree of facility in computations, and should become the gen- eral standard for grain measure in this and all other grain receiving or shipping countries." -In 1891 and previously a Kansas writer, C. Wood Davis, enter- tained the public not only by his faculty for nonsensical manipulation of current information relating to production and supply of wheat, etc., but to insistence that this food product was soon to be insufficient for popula- tion requirement of our globe. In the Arena magazine for May, 1891, appeared a contribution from him, which was the subject of co'mment in the Price Current of April 30, 1891, which will not be here copied. The power of insight and foresight of this writer was much like that of the man who saw certain birds eating bees, and impressed with his discovery he hastened to a known apiarist with his information, and learned that birds ate drones but not working bees, and thus promoted a useful service. In the Price Current of May 17, 1906, appeared this: "On looking into a bookcase last Saturday evening my eye fell upon a small volume bearing the title 'Cincinnati Excursion to California.' It has 156 pages, representing special correspondence of the Cincinnati Commercial by J. W. Miller — in 1869. In May of that year, thirty-seven years ago, the first through railway communication with California was accomplished, the 'last spike' having been driven at the intersection of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific systems, at Promontory, west of Ogden. . . The overland journey proper began at Omaha. I find pencil notes in my own handwriting, including this: 'There was a sort of gladsomeness in going aboard these palace cars, and launching out upon the great 1900 mile line of Pacific railway. And after we had passed the first SO miles of gently rolling prairie then came a peculiar sensation as I beheld for the first time in my life such a vast breadth of prairie, no outline of length or breadth, no trees nor shrubs — no houses. And the sun was ugly enough to go down behind a cloud.' " Our party consisted of fifty-three persons, of whom twenty were ladies. Another marginal notation of mine said: "At Granite Canyon I perched 241 myself upon the engine cowcatcher, and rode 14 miles to Sherman, up- grade. There was exhiliration in the crisp and clear atmosphere, and keen interest in the mountain views from this elevation of eight thousand feet.'' And further: "If the word beautiful has ever been used in describing scenery of the Rocky Mountains it should be erased. They are as far from beauty as haggardness is from health." At that time there was no railway to Salt Lake City, and the trip thence was made by 32 miles of riding in Wells & Fargo coaches. The Price Current said: "On the Union Pacific our train was moved as a special. The Central Pacific officials refused this to us. Arriving at Promontory at 8 o'clock at night we were obliged to remain there until 4 o'clock of the next after- noon, to be attached to the regular train. During the day two of us ven- tured through the sage brush roughness southward, with a view to ascend- ing the mountain — which, after many baitings and discouragements, was ultimately accomplished. My pencil notation in the book before me has this observation: 'Of all the landscape sights I have seen, of all the breadth of valley and mountain country and water combined, this grand view, from this mountain top, was the grandest. Of all the walks I have ever taken, this was the hardest and most discouraging, so deceptive of distances — up and up, and no more prospect for the summit than a mile back, nor as much, perhaps. I cherish this jaunt, however, as among the rarest treats of my life — one of the most valued accomplishments of the whole excursion. The grand views are stamped upon my memory with a vividness keener than any other of the trip. To the right and to the left were the great arms of this wonderful lake. Away and nearly a hundred miles to the South were the snow peaked mountains south of Salt Lake City, clearly in view, with our field glass. To the North and miles away, was the overland stage road, ascending gradually the mountain sides, upon which were trains of wagons creeping upward. Down in the pit below, whence we came and where our cars were in good view, was the hell-hole called Promontory, where gathered the tricksters, the three-card-monte and other gamblers and confidence men.' "At that time all passengers were required to change cars at Promon- tory, which occasioned an hour or more of time there as an opportunity for fleecing the travelers. The through passenger service represented only one train daily, each way. "When these observations were written relating to the ascent of Prom- ontory Mountain, in 1869, I had not had much of traveling experience. In later years this privilege covered very extensive opportunities in the Alps and elsewhere in Europe. As hard as seemed the ascent of Promon- tory Mountain, here mentioned, it could not be compared with the ex- perience, years later, in going from Pompeii up Mount Vesuvius — over a course which has recently been the scene of death-dealing discharge and flow of lava not then ready for such expulsion, although at that time the volcanic atmosphere through which we passed, laden with sulphuric gases, almost equal to overcoming the tourist, and the near-by upheavals ob- served from the mountain elevation, at nine o'clock at night, were sugges- tive of possibilities incident to underlying conditions. The ascent of Mount Vesuvius furnished experiences which may be remembered with interest but without wish for repetition." 242 WORDS OF RECOGNITION. It is with what I deem to be rational pride that I include in this record various expressions available in the nature of tribute to the work I have been able to perform. In an editorial paragraph in the Daily Evening Wisconsin, Milwaukee, in January, 1904, appear these expressions : "The Cincinnati Price Current oc- cupies among the trade publications of the United States a unique place. Its veteran editor, Charles B. Murray, has made it indispensable to men in the provision trade. There is no more accurate statistician alive, and there are thousands of business men and newspaper men throughout the United States whose fervent wish for him and the Price Current is. Long may they flourish." In June, 190S, the National Stockman and Farmer, of Pittsburg, made this comment : "Speculators have done a great deal of 'knocking* lately be- cause Mr. Murray of the Cincinnati Price Current has published reports that did not suit their side of the market. Our belief is that Mr. Murray is about right in this case — the good condition of the wheat crop — and he is right oftener than any other crop authority we have. Hence our frequent quotations of his views.'' The editor of the Chicago Weekly Live Stock Report in an issue in Jan- uary, 1904, took occasion to say: "When Charles B. Murray, the veteran editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, expresses an opinion upon any trade topic it is no hasty utterance, but the result of careful thought based upon long experience, and as such is worthy of consideration." In September, 1909, representatives of grain exchanges were in attendance upon a meeting at Chicago planned by the Board of Trade of that city, in its allusion to which the Grain Dealers' Journal made this comment: "Charles B. Murray, Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, better known as one of the foremost crop statisticians of the country, received an ovation. With his snow-white beard, this veteran of 72 years was a con- spicuous figure on 'Change, and the recipient of many warm handshakes." In a reference to current statements of the Price Current in October, 1903, concerning the wheat and corn crops the Citizens' Bulletin, Cincinnati, made comment, from which the following is an extract: "No paper has a higher reputation for thoroughness, accuracy and unswerving integrity than the Price Current. It is authority in Chicago, New York, Buda-Pesth and Australia. Its integrity has never been called in question, and the soundness of its judgment is generally disputed at the cost of the questioner. . . Mr. Murray is as open to crop news as a poUtical manager is to the signs of the times. He gathers it from as many quarters as the chairman of a national committee, and ponders, considers and compares reports. He has no views to support, any more than a judge on the bench. His influence extends to the markets of the world, and he is as incorruptible as a Justice of the Supreme Court. He is one of those who has done, and is doing, much for what many men call the honor and glory of Cincinnati." 243 In January, 1913, the Twentieth Century Farmer, published at Omaha, Nebraska, said : "The passing of the Cincinnati Price Current is a matter of regret by the publishers of live stock papers, farm journals, and business publications of various kinds. The Price Current has attained a high posi- tion in the estimation of publications generally, for its reliability in market reviews, crop and statistical information. Its publication has had one con- tinual round of endorsement for its reliability and its concise methods of presenting the information to its readers. The Price Current has been an authority, statistically, that is used by publishers and readers everywhere without question. Its editor and proprietor, Charles B. Murray, has accom- plished a work that will live on, a monument to his efforts and memory long after his personality has ceased to be a part of its activities and governing force." The editor of the Manufacturers' Record, Baltimore, Mr. Richard H. Edmonds, in a personal letter written in September, 1912, said to me, in part: "I have read with very much interest the announcement of your proposed retirement, and the offer of the Price Current for sale. I have never failed to watch with interest your views on grain and provision matters, feeling that nowhere else could I get a clearer understanding of the true situation than from your columns. I greatly regret to see the announcement of your retirement." From expressions in the National Hay and Grain Reporter, Chicago : "The passing of George H. Morgan and George F. Stone, and the retirement of Charles B. Murray as an active Secretary, leaves only one patriarch among all the grain exchange secretaries — E. D. Bigelow, of Kansas City. Few, per- haps, have stopped to think what these men of sterling caliber, dead and living, have meant to the grain business. . . Such men as Morgan, the sturdy and efficient; Stone, the able and eloquent, now among the ranks of those who have fought a good fight and passed on; Murray, aggressive and honest; Bigelow, the peacemaker, and withal a gentleman — these men in the trying times which the grain exchanges have faced, have reflected honor among the institutions which they have represented, and by their universal honesty and Christian citizenship have wielded a wonderful influence in over- coming the hostile sentiment of public opinion. May the sorrow which the grain trade feels for those who have passed away be reflected in the love for those still blessed with life." Under the heading, "A Man's Work," the National Stockman and Farmer, Pittsburg, said : "The veteran editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, Charles B. Murray, recently made some observations on the seventy-fifth anniversary of his birth, which included the following sentence: 'The privilege of prose- cuting labors deemed to have something of usefulness for others is the best that life can afford.' The public joins Mr. Murray in regret that the time approaches when he must lay down the work he has carried on so long and so well. The character of a man's work, whether it holds something of usefulness for others or not, makes a great difference to him and in him. It also makes a great difference to the public, though this fact may not be fully or generally realized. There is a big sermon in the few words we quote." In an editorial of the Manufacturers' Record, Baltimore, January 16, 1913, under the caption, "Two Veterans of Vigor," appeared the following: "The new year marked the close of immediate activity in their respective fields of 244 two men whose names will always be identified with the history of indus- trial statistics in the United States — Charles B. Murray, who retired from the ownership of the Cincinnati Price Current, with which he had been con- nected for 40 years, and James M. Swank, who retired from the American Iron and Steel Association coincidently with the association's giving place to the American Iron and Steel Institute, as the statistical authority in the iron and steel trade. Mr. Murray made the Price Current the journalistic authority on the grain trade and allied interests, his policy having been to publish well-authenticated facts and current information rather than personal opinion, and, in addition, was active for 20 years as the superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. . . Each of these veterans was persuaded to write a brief summary of their 40 years' connection with their respective business, and those summaries are so interesting as to lead to the hope that each of the writers may be given years of vigor in which to elaborate them into volumes that cannot fail to be important contribu- tions to the history of the material progress of the United States." In a letter from William J. Pope, of the Pope & Eckhardt Company, Chicago, written in May, 1903, appeared the expressions here quoted. This house was largely interested in handling corn ; and Mr. Pope was a man in high standing. He said : "I endorse the words of the New York broker (whose inquiry as to corn crop and price you so admirably answer in your issue of the 7th inst.) that you are 'the recognized national authority on crop statistics.' As such I raise my hat and extend my hand to you. . . As the sales of cash grain by the Company which honors me with its presidency exceeds $5,000,000 annually, it becomes me to know 'who is who' in grain statistics, and to recognize unswerving candor and unflinching integrity in commercial publications. The Price Current has no rival. . I remember very well your correct position in advance of others as to the corn crop of 1901, an attitude that was of great value to your careful readers. . . May you be spared yet many years — with your independent spirit, cool head and experienced, but unsullied, hand to formulate the news and thus favor the patrons of your bright and brainy journal." In the Price Current of October IS, 1903, were some special compilations showing comparative marketings of cattle at prominent western centers for a ■ series of years. This brought a personal note from Gen. Michael Ryan, president of the Cincinnati Abattoir Company, from which the following is copied: "I have just read your article in the Price Current of October IS on cattle statistics. It is one' of the most remarkable and interesting pieces of information I have had for a long time. I have been studying hog statistics all my lifetime, and am not surprised at the wide fluctuation in the yearly production of swine, but I did not think that this applied to cattle. You certainly deserve the thanks of all your readers for these interesting statistics, and I trust that you will keep your eye on the cattle industry from now on." In November, 1913, I found occasion for complimenting Mr. Albert Bet- tinger, of our city, upon one of his many conspicuous and effective activities for Ohio River navigation interests, particularly through the organization known as, the Ohio Valley Improvement Association, which had its origin in the Chamber of Commerce, beginning with a committee meeting of which he was chairman and I was secretary. In his acknowledgment of my ex- pressions here referred to Mr. Bettinger wrote : "It was exceedingly pleasant 245 to receive congratulations from you. I value the source of these and their sincerity more than I can tell you. I cherish the most pleasant memories of the early encouragement and inspiration that I received from you in this work, which now seems at last in a fair way towards accomplishment. You, too, ought to ifind much satisfaction in contemplating the public services ren- dered by yourself, not only in the field where our activities joined, but along a variety of lines. I have always considered the Chamber of Commerce ex- ceedingly fortunate to have had you for so many years as a director of its public work." The Young Men's Mercantile Library Association of our city has been the subject of much interest on my part — my membership having begun in my twentieth year, and maintained in all the period since then. In 1868 and subsequently I was elected a member of the Board of Directors, five terms in all. I was an active promoter of new measures which gave to the mem- bership' privileges in the reading room on Sundays, the extension of active membership to professional persons and women, and other progressive features. In November, 1902, I found occasion for addressing the president of the Association at that time, Mr. John E. Bruce, and received an acknowledgment from him, as follows : "I shall read your splendid letter to the Board on Friday. It is one of those things which you are continually doing. I know of no man who deserves the good will of everyone more than you. Your words of encouragement help more than you can imagine. Sometimes I almost think that a good word goes farther thsui anything else in this world. We shall always be glad to hear from you, with suggestions as to bettering our condition or remedying faults." Among the 'first of my official acts in the service as Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, under my appointment in 1891, was the designation of an assistant in the office as Chief Clerk, for which posi- tion Mr. George S. Bradbury was chosen. On my approaching retirement in 1911 from such service Mr. Bradbury addressed the following prized ex- pressions to me: "On the eve of your departure from the service, after an honorable and distinguished career of twenty years, it seems eminently proper that one who has come in daily contact with you during all that time should give utterance to the thoughts which now come to him, in the realization that we are no longer to be associated. Looking back through this vista of years, the foremost thought which comes to me is the contemplation that in all these years of our association there has been no word, no act, no bitter- ness, no unpleasant relations or differences between us, arisen to mar the pleasurable remembrance, the mutual confidence and sincerity of a daily in- tercourse, marked by uniform kindness, consideration, helpfulness and good feeling, which I have enjoyed throughout our official relationship. A true friend, kindly, genial, sympathetic, generous, a warm and tender heart, these are the qualities which endear you to those friends and business associates who have come in close and daily contact with you. In your new activities and changed conditions take with you the best wishes, the affec- tionate regard, the respect and esteem of one who has thus long enjoyed your cherished friendship." In addition to these highly gratifying expressions were similar sentiments in most pleasing terms from Miss Margaret A. Daly, assistant to myself and the Chief Clerk, throughout the twenty years of office relationship, and the respect and affection of these persons, with that of other employes of the 246 Chamber of Commerce under my appointment, will be cherished to my last hour of life. In a Sunday discourse in August, 1910, by Rev. John L. Hill, of this city, who had been for many years pastor of the Central Christian Church, in which he introduced sentiments based on the view that "'every individual will go into the future with his present temperament, inclination and hob- bies," and that "we make our heaven and hell in our own hearts, and take them with us," and to illustrate the thought he held up to view the life characteristics of Rockefeller, of Roosevelt, and of Taft, following which he said : "My good friend, Charles B. Murray, of the Chamber of Com- merce, has lived a beautiful life, and has arrived at a ripe age — that is upon his head a crown of beauty — but he is not a believer in God or a future life. . . No man's belief about the future alters the facts. My belief that there is a God, heaven and hell, and Mr. Murray's belief that these things do not exist, has no effect on the reality. My opinion is that this princely gentleman whose integrity no man ever questioned, when he vacates the house of flesh in which he has lived all these years will ifind himself one of the happiest beings in that larger place. Heaven will be his, for he has created it here, and must necessarily carry it with him." These expressions of Reverend Hill occasioned a letter to him, in which appeared the following: "With your reference to such characteristics in life as you associate with my own personality I find a lesson which has more of meaning than most of your listeners will discover or acknowledge. If your expressions have any significance they mean that you recognize that there can be merit and morality in life without the element of religion — that there can be and is morality, in its fullness of meaning, independent of professions of religion, in beliefs holding to view the existence of a Supreme Being, and a life hereafter for the human being. This means that all the forms of religion are beliefs, and only beliefs, in the true analysis. And as you say, 'no man's belief about the future alters the facts.' . . Addresses such as this one of yours are helpful to freedom of thought. They are inspiring to the hesitating. They teach the doctrine that whatever there is of heaven or hell for human beings attends them on earth — beyond which the knowledge of no man can go, never has gone. The after death condition has no record, and there is no need for it, in a true life, or the true philosophy of life. My dear friend, I trust that you may continue in the work which you are rendering, in encouragement of recognition of the fundamental elements of peace and happiness." In his acknowledgment of my letter Reverend Hill said : "I have read your letter several times, with increasing interest, and I appreciate beyond measure your kind expressions regarding myself, and shall endeavor to live up to the standard you have 'fixed for me. Notwithstanding our differences of opinion my esteem for you personally, and the very high esteem I place upon your intelligence, lead me to regard you as one of my choicest friends." To these expressions I might add that in my course in life it has not been my practice to find entertainment in discussion upon questions relating to religion and its many forms and responsibilities unless invited to do so by expressions of others. There has been no element of religion in my nature; no belief in the existence of a Supreme Being or Divine Influence, of Heaven or Hell, or of continuance of individual life in any form beyond earthly death ; no responsibility to other than human conditions. 247 In writing from Liverpool in 1912 Mr. John Hargreaves, one of the most prominent of merchants in that city in trade in American hog products, and a close observer upon matters relating to these and other lines, said : "Ever since I knew you, I suppose 40 years ago, we in Liverpool have al- ways looked upon you as the most able and reliable statistician as to all facts pertaining to hogs." Incident to the election of Charles B. Murray by the Board of Directors of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce as Honorary Life Member of the Association, the Boston Herald of January 8, 1906, said editorially: "Mr. Charles B. Murray has been for many years the editor and chief statis- tician of the Cincinnati Price Current, and in that time has built up an enviable reputation in connection with the distinctive work of his paper in recording the harvesting and movement of the crops of the country and the slaughtering and marketing of cattle and hogs from year to year. His chosen field may be said to be a bypath in journalism, one not calculated to bring its workers into great publicity; and yet the results are of ines- timable advantage to the business interests of the country, being of great assistance in marking the changing conditions in the grain and provision markets. By his ability, accuracy and fairness Mr. Murray has won high rank in his profession, and it is pleasant to record the fact that this has recently been suitably recognized by one of the oldest of the commercial exchanges of the country. At a meeting held January 2, by a unanimous vote, all the Directors being present, the Board of Directors of the Cin- cinnati Chamber of Commerce elected Mr. Murray an Honorary Member of the Chamber. This honor can only be conferred on one person in each year, and must be by unanimous vote. In view of Mr. Murray's distinguished services in the business community the Chamber honored itself in conferring this election upon him." From a letter under date August, 1910, Mr. C. R. Brent, Louisville, prominent in the Freight Traffic Department of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, the following is copied : "One of the bright spots in my long resi- dence in Cincinnati has been my very highly valued acquaintance with your- self, and to have the pleasure of hearing your cheerful voice, of seeing your bright face, and of grasping your hand, has been, and always will be, one of the joys of my life.'' In a personal letter from Mr. H. P. Cooke, Cincinnati, for a very long period cashier of the Fourth National Bank of Cincinnati, appear these words : "You and I have reached the summit of the hill of life, and the retrospect of our journey is all that is left to us. I am very grateful that I have known such a man as you on the road." From a letter written by one of Ohio's most prominent men in grain trade interests, Mr. H. S. Grimes, ex-mayor of Portsmouth, the following is copied : "In glancing over the Enquirer today I find that you have been reappointed Superintendent of the Cincinnati 'Chamber of Commerce. (Such official action was a yearly requirement of the by-laws.) I not only desire to congratulate you, but I also desire to congratulate your Chamber of Com- merce upon again being able to secure your valuable service. I believe your position as Superintendent of the Chamber of Commerce and the work you do on the outside gives your Chamber more prominence than most any other Chamber of Commerce in the country, and it is due you to have the credit of the same, and I am more than pleased to acknowledge it." 248 From a private letter from Colonel Theodore F. Allen, Cincinnati, written several years ago, the following is copied: "It is a pleasure to me to pick up your paper each week and find something in it besides the price of pork and the price of wheat. I like to have a little diversity in life as I go along. I am inclined to the view that there are many other men in business who like to have a little respite from the daily grind of thinking about one thing all the time, and it is the point I make, that the little side lines and passing observations which you are publishing now and then will make a deeper impression on your readers and subscribers than any other one thing you could do." Incident to inability from illness to attend some of the meetings of the executive committee of the Arbitration and Peace Society of this city, of which I was and am a member, I offered my resignation, incident to ex- pressions of regret for my absences. The secretary. Rev. George W. Dubois, addressed me as follows, under date December 13, 1913 : "I am glad to have even a few words from you. We have no thought of accepting your resig- nation from the executive committee, and only hope that your life may be spared to us for a long time to come. We shall miss your counsel and ad- vice, but are sure that the great cause for which you have worked so long and faithfully will continue to have your heart's best devotion as long as life lasts." Since then I have been present at most of these meetings. From a letter from Robert Laidlaw, Cincinnati — capitalist, formerly of Laidlaw, Dunn, Gordon Company. — You may be getting old, and somewhat "shelved," as you say, and so am I. But your influence will continue on and on. I hope you will long be spared to your family and friends, of which latter I am glad to count myself one. From the Cincinnati Enquirer. — No one man within the history of the Chamber of Commerce for the past decade or more has been the sub- ject of so many and undoubtedly sincere congratulations as was Mr. Charles B. Murray, the newly-elected Superintendent, as soon as he made his appearance on the floor yesterday. He was also in receipt of a number of congratulatory telegrams. It was but little after 1 o'clock, and the floor was crowded as at no other time of the session. This appeared to be the signal, for at once he was grasped by two members, and it is thought that his feet struck the floor about twice in the swift passage to the speaker's rostrum. For a moment he was almost overcome, as much by the suddenness of the assault as by the positive ovation he received when once the members realized what was taking place. He was cheered and applauded to the echo. His remarks were brief but to the point. — Relating to his appointment as Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, October, 1891. 249 OFFICIAL APPOINTMENT CONGRATULATIONS. From the various gratifying words received from friends in connection with the announcement in 1891 of my appointment as Superintendent (Execu- tive Secretary) of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce the following ex- pressions are copied, many of the writers of them having passed beyond the power of speech since offering these utterances: Chicago (telegram).— I am much pleased and gratified to learn of your election. The Chamber of Commerce and the community at large are to be congratulated, as they will derive most of the benefits from the splendid selection of your good self. I congratulate you warmly.— Philip D. Armour. Chicago.— The Chamber of Commerce has done itself great credit in selecting you as Superintendent. Hope it will not interfere with your duties as editor of the Price Current, as that publication has come to be considered "reliable authority'' on all matters connected with producing interests of our West.— Geo. M. How. Chicago. — Allow me to congratulate you on your appointment as Superin- tendent of the Chamber of Commerce. I sincerely hope it may be a source of pleasure and satisfaction to you, and of great benefit to the organization. — B. Frank Howard. New York Produce Exchange. — Everyone who knows you will say your appointment means the right man in the right place. I am glad to see you will still maintain your relation to the Price Current, and that there will be no change there. — A. H. McCalman. Saint Paul Chamber of Commerce. — Please accept the congratulations of a former neighbor, and present fellow worker for the public good. — ^A. S. Tallmadge (Secretary). Memphis Cotton Exchange. — I congratulate you upon being selected to occupy such a high and honorable position. — Henry Hotter, Secretary. Cincinnati. — I congratulate you, and more than you the Chamber of Com- merce, on your election. If it wouldn't be a case of "gilding the reifined gold" and "painting the lily" I would wish you success; as it is I hope they will appreciate you. — ^John R. Selden. Cincinnati. — Accept heartiest congratulations upon your appointment to the position which you so richly deserve and can so ably fill. — J. W. March. Chicago. — The Chamber of Commerce is to be congratulated on your appointment. I have no hesitation in saying that in my opinion they have selected the best man by long odds for the position that I know of, either in or out of their ranks. I congratulate you, too, most heartily, and trust that your interests can be so harmonized with the new order of things as to make them mutually advantageous, as they should be. — Frank Kinsey. Cincinnati. — Most hearty congratulations, to yourself and to the organiza- tion which has called you. — James Allison. Cincinnati. — Please add our names to your list of friends who congratu- late you on your appointment. — Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Hoyt. Yellow Springs, Ohio. — My poor old heart was made glad by reading of the distinguished honor conferred upon you by the Cincinnati Chamber of 250 Commerce, by your friends, who in honoring you have honored themselves and the Chamber. To my mind the appointment is a case of "the right man in the right place." — T. P. Lawrence. Chicago. — You have my congratulations — none warmer, deeper or more sincere. — W. J. Irvin. Pittsburg, Pa. — My hearty congratulations and best wishes to you as Su- perintendent. — ^Carl C. Davis. (My partner at time of entering upon publica- tion of the Cincinnati Price Current.) Lebanon, Ohio. — 'We all heartily congratulate you, because we believe it to be an honor you have honestly gained by your strict adherence to truth and facts, regardless of a monied influence. — lanthe P. Murray. (My step- mother.) St. Louis. — I congratulate the merchants of Cincinnati on your selection. — Geo. H. Morgan (Secretary Merchants' Exchange). Boston. — I desire to congratulate the Chamber of Commerce and yourself on your appointment. I feel sure that, under your management, the Cham- ber will still hold the very high position among the great Exchanges of the country, which has been recognized as belonging to it for so many years. — Hamilton A. Hill (Secretary National Board of Trade). Imperial German Consulate, Cincinnati. — Please accept my heartiest con- gratulations on your appointment as Superintendent of the Chamber of Com- merce. In my opinion the Chamber could not have made a better selection, and I sincerely wish that your new position will give you entire satisfaction, and that your services will be appreciated by all the members. — C. PoUier, Imperial German Consul. Buffalo. — I take pleasure in congratulating you on your selection as Superintendent. I believe your Exchange has made the right selection for continuance of its high reputation. — S. S. Guthrie. New York. — ^We beg to congratulate you on your election. We are pleased to see your merit so substantially recognized by the merchants of Cincinnati. — Wm. H. Marston & Bro. Scranton, Pa. — I congratulate you on your appointment, and wish you many and continued successes. — ^J. A. Price. Cincinnati. — I am pleased to congratulate you upon your election as Su- perintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, and that merit, sound sense and hard work have been rewarded with a new position of honor, profit and usefulness. — Frank E. Earl. St. Louis. — ^It affords me very great pleasure to extend my congratula- tions. Hope you will fill the place with satisfaction to yourself; I know you will to others. — H. B. Louderman. Liverpool. — I very heartily and sincerely join in the chorus of congratu- lation which has, I know, greeted you from the ends of the earth where you have so long been esteemed. I know that you will take all these expressions with your characteristic modesty and wisdom. Success and the attainment of so proud a position will not spoil a man who has no pride (as the world interprets the word) in his nature. And so, whilst we make our obeisance to you as "Superintendent," we are grateful none the less that we still retain you at the old post which has made you famous in both hemispheres. Mr. Armour once said to me, sitting in my office in Liverpool (and I think Mr. Plankinton was with him also on that occasion) : "If we have any gospel in our trade, it is the Cincinnati Price Current." — John Hargreaves. 251 TOKEN BOOK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. From expressions received in acknowledgment of the Little Token Book, preliminary to the Autobiographic Sketch now offered, the following are copied : From the Commercial Tribune reference. — Though these recollections of Mr. Murray are in the main personal to himself they are of wide interest, and touch upon men and local events in a manner to command attention. From George S. Bradbury, Cincinnati. — The book is unique in its con- ception, attractive and artistic in appearance, interesting in its contents, and a great credit to its editor and compiler. (Was Chief Clerk, Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, during the twenty years of C. B. M.'s administration as Executive Secretary.) From Jesse Wright, Springboro, Ohio. — We have read with interest the compilation of tributes to thy work, which thee was kind enough to send to us, and we shall preserve it, in remembrance of a friend with whom the writer of this has had many good talks, and hopes for many more. From Rev. George A. Thayer, Cincinnati. — I am glad that your life work has been summarized, in the pamphlet which you kindly sent me, thus giving an opportunity for the permanent expression in print of the good thoughts of your friends, from time to time, as well as furnishing material for the future historian of our town. From C. A. Hinsch, president Fifth-Third National Bank, Cincinnati. — You have the satisfaction of having made a record in life of which you may justly feel proud. You have made many friends, who believe in you, and regret that the condition of your health has curtailed your activities. I prize your friendship very highly. From John E. Bruce, Park Commissioner, etc., Cincinnati. — I was greatly pleased to receive a copy of your book of tributes, etc. You are certainly one of the men who have made Cincinnati what it is today, and may your years of influence still continue. From James Allison, prominent citizen, Cincinnati. — I have read with great interest every line of the little book of tributes, etc. I have been deeply impressed with its truthfulness and endorse every word and sentiment therein. I wish to tender a rousing vote of thanks to your daughter Corinne, for having urged you on in the work of digging from your shelves and files the splendid matter long hidden from sight, and now given to your family and friends in such splendid form. You are both to be congratulated. From Rev. George W. Dubois, Cincinnati. — I have just finished reading the book of "tributes," etc. I heartily congratulate you on this most interest- ing record of your life-work in Cincinnati. You have lived a useful, hon- orable and beautiful life, and all who love you have a right to be thankful, and proud of what you have done. Not least is the service you have ren- dered in the cause of world peace — a cause which has not as many earnest advocates as it deserves, therefore the more praise to one who has discerned its importance and advanced its interests. 252 From W. B. Lawrence, president Mailing and Advertising Co., Cincin- nati. — Tile book is doubly interesting to me because of our friendship for so many years, and I have thoroughly enjoyed reading it. From George Meinshausen, designer and engraver, Cincinnati. — I appre- ciate being numbered among your friends whom you honored by sending them each a copy of your little volume, which! read with interest — a life's story, your life's story-— a treasure which cannot be separated from you, i. e., the satisfaction of having filled your station in life to the best of your ability, and enjoyment of duty. From Michael Ryan, president Cincinnati Abattoir Co.^The book, re- counting some of the events that have gone to fill up your long life of useful and unselfish work, is indeed intensely interesting, not only to all your friends, but also to those who admire what is upright, kindly and beautiful in life. When I took the little book up to read I could not lay it down until I read it all through; and then I thought, "Dear, good Charley Murray, I have met too few of your kind." But I thank God for bringing you into my life so much, for throughout our intimate associations I have felt an en- nobling influence which shaped much of ray conduct and character. From Aaron A. Ferris, attorney at law, Cincinnati. — I have read with much interest the pamphlet you were so thoughtful as to send me, containing a synopsis of the many activities which have occupied your life work. You, and your family and friends, have just grounds for pride in the valuable service you have rendered, not only to your home city, but to a large part of the business world. And I think your publication makes a valuable con- tribution to the business history of Cincinnati. From Dr. W. P. Wilson, Director of the Commercial Museum, Philadel- phia. — It certainly is a charming account of a long life of extreme commer- cial usefulness. It is a reminiscence from first to last. I thank you very much for it. From Patrick Cudahy, pork packer, Cudahy, Wis. — I wish to thank you a thousand times for sending me your book of reminiscences and sketches of doings and travels during the period of your editing the Price Current, which I have found very interesting. From Hon. J. B. Foraker, Cincinnati — ex-Judge, Governor and U. S. Senator. — I sincerely thank you for remembering me with a copy of your record of past activities. It comes to me at a time when I am unable to read it leisurely, but I have glanced through it with much interest and ap- preciation, noting the general character of the work. I have put it away in my library for reference and further perusal. I was much interested in what you said about your marriages. From Henry W. Brown, commission merchant, Cincinnati. — I can hardly express in words my appreciation of this token, giving an account of the life- work and history of one whom I have always held in highest esteem. Noth- ing has given me more pleasure than the perusal of this book of work and history. From Richard H. Edmonds, editor of the Manufacturers' Record, Balti- more. — I congratulate you upon your publication. I think you did a wise thing in putting into permanent form the story of your life work. Few men are permitted to live through so long a period and to be connected in the upbuilding of an institution of such far-reaching influence as was vouchsafed to you in the many years in which you were building up the 253 Cincinnati Price Current and making it a world power. I congratulate you on having been able to put into permanent form such magnificent testimonials to what you have wrought, and congratulate your family that they will ever have such a record available. You have done more than a man who makes two blades of grass to grow where one grew before. You have created an institution which for nearly half a century was recognized throughout the country as a publication of the highest integrity and the ablest editorial man- agement. From William S. Harvey, president Philadelphia Commercial Museum ; prominent in various important enterprises. — Your dedication of tributes to unselfish industry and faithful work is the very essence of the qualities which your life so impressively exemplifies, and the sentiment with which you close is a tribute to your own appreciation of all that is beautiful and lovely in nature. I accept your dedication and your benediction as a creed and in- spiration from one of Nature's noblest of noble men, whose life radiates a beauty and refreshing fragrance that surpasses all flowers. From B. Frank Howard, statistician, and publisher Daily Trade Bulletin, Chicago. — It is a nice thing for your family to have compiled from authentic sources an account of the high esteem in which you have been held by business men generally. From Rev. John W. Weddell, Woodbury, N. J. — Permit me to express to you personally my appreciation of the timely life notes. The language and style of the publication is choice, and the spirit of the whole is out- spoken but modest and comely. You certainly have had an influential part in much of the commercial development of the Middle West, and indeed of the entire land. You have been a kind of Moses, if you will allow the reference, holding as it were the sacred oracles of the people. To have the reputation, such as has been yours, of knowing the facts and telling them without exploitation or self -advancement, is something all too rare, but beautiful to behold when once in a while it occurs. From Elizabeth Powell Bond (one of editors of Friends' Intelligencer), Germantown, Pa. — With thanks for the interesting book of Tributes ; and every good wish ; and gladness at having been hailed by these fellow-trav- elers. From Dr. Wm. Jordan Taylor, Cincinnati. — My good wife and I together have been looking over these tributes, enjoying the expressions accorded to you, and happy and proud for your family in having such a husband and father. From Chas. B. Soutter, capitalist. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. — Let me thank you, for Mrs. Soutter and myself, for remembering to send us a copy of the book of "Tributes to Unselfish Industry and Faithful Work.'' I believe this fitly describes a career which all may emulate, and which I trust will yield the highest satisfaction to the end. From E. S. Bayard, editor of the National Stockman and Farmer, Pitts- burg. — I desire to express my appreciation of your kindness in sending me the little book of tributes. It is a great pleasure to pay a tribute to a man who deserves it. From Rev. F. L. Odenbach, in charge of the Meteorological and Seis- mological Observatory of St. Ignatius College, Cleveland, Ohio. — I was much pleased in reading through the book of tributes. It must indeed give you much pleasure and satisfaction to see in those gathered records how much 254 your work of over forty years has been admired and appreciated, a work too that materially at least did more good to others than to yourself. To yourself it has withotit doubt given a character which will last in the memory of men, which you cannot lose and which no one can take from you. I am delighted that it should be so. From Dr. Emily Wright, Rock Island, 111. — It was a very great pleasure to read the work you have prepared for your children, and which your friends are privileged to share. A life so busy and successful as yours makes some of the rest of us feel as if we had not accomplished much that is worth while. From Miss Margaret A. Daly, long in important service in the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. — I am exceedingly grateful for the copy of your "Tributes," and I heartily congratulate you on the success of your work. The volume will be a priceless possession for your children, and many friends. It is simply marvelous that you have been able to compile so con- tinuous, complete and interesting a record of your life work, out of the vast accumulation for so many years. It is truly a manifestation of your astonishing physical and mental vitality. From Josiah Morrow, attorney at law, Lebanon, Ohio. — I am confident that' no one outside of your children and kindred has taken more interest in your book than myself. It will be hunted up a hundred years from now for the information it gives of forty years of commercial journalism and statistical labors in Cincinnati. If you had not compiled it, after your death no one could have collected together the facts embodied in it. From H. C. Phillips, Secretary Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration, Mohonk Lake, N. Y. — ^Accept my best thanks for the little volume containing a compilation of merited tributes to your long and useful life. It certainly must be gratifying to know that what you have done has been appreciated by your many friends. From A. S. Matchette, Solicitor of Star Union Line, Cincinnati. — I have just read your memorial token through, and can appreciate what all of the kindly expressions of friends have meant to you — and it is well that you have put them in shape to be preserved by your family, as it will be a help and inspiration to them. From John Hargreaves, prominent provision merchant, Liverpool. — Many thanks for your little book — but it is too short! The first thing I would say of it is from your countryman Longfellow, in his Psalm of Life, beginning "Lives of Great Men all remind us," etc. — and your life of diligent, truthful work will have everlasting remembrance amongst the best men of our time. From Sir Edward Russell, editor The Daily Post and Mercury, Liver- pool. (By his Secretary.) — Sir Edward Russell wishes me to thank you for kindly remembering to send him the booklet containing the tributes to your good self, which are so well deserved. He has read it with much in- terest and pleasure. From Lydia Wright, Springboro, Ohio. — ^My sister and I have read the volume of "tributes'' with interest, and certainly it must be a satisfaction to you to know that you have had the confidence and friendship of so many whose praise is not flattery, but true admiration. From Estelle Carpenter, supervisor of music in public schools, San Fran- cisco. — I have received your beautiful book — it is fine. I have put it on my desk, to have others read it. 255 From Howard Butcher, Philadelphia, Pa.— I have read with great in- terest the very interesting sketch of some of your work. While I have not recently had the pleasure of seeing you, I have always treasured your mem- ory as a man who exemplified in his life that "truth is the greatest pow;er in the world; there is no force in business that can compare with honesty and straightforwardness." From the Cincinnati Republican Gazette, Frank E. Tunison, editor: To the desk of the editor of this paper has come a brochure bearing the de- lightfully significant title: "Tributes to Unselfish Industry and Faithful Work— Accorded to Charles B. Murray, Cincinnati, Ohio." Written by the man himself at the earnest request of his children and intended for family, and perhaps friendly circulation to a limited degree, this human document is profoundly interesting, revealing, as it does, the many-sidedness of the author and his broadly sympathetic appreciation for men and movements with which he has been connected through more than half a century of strenuous life. Perusing its pages one who has known Charles B. Murray for more than thirty years of active newspaper experience, and for many years of that period in daily contact with him on the floor of 'Change, does not require the speaking half-tone portrait which adorns the frontis page to recall every feature of personality at once genial, heartily kind and keenly alive to the humors and the exigencies of everyday life. To many a young man appreciative of the responsibilities of life and estimating them at some- thing like a proper perspective it has been a liberal education to have come into constant shoulder touch with a man of Mr. Murray's high moral sense, rigid honesty and uncompromising thoroughness. As someone has well re- marked without any seeming irreverence the Cincinnati Price Current under his ownership and direction was for more than forty years the Commercial Man's "Bible." And the figure employed is not inept, for it assuredly, dur- ing all of that long period, was the very Evangel of Truth to its thousands of readers scattered all over the habited globe. And while they noted its edged analysis of figures embraced in crop reports, its readers knew that they were reading the exact truth uncolored and free from the bias of the speculative mind. On the very first inside page is the declaration which, perhaps, more than any other, furnished Mr. Murray with the guiding incen- tive of his career : "Truth is the greatest power in the world. There is no force in business that can compare with honesty and straightforwardness." No man living in Cincinnati or elsewhere, but will declare as his most solemn conviction that among the richest of his recollections is the fact that he held intimate acquaintance and friendship with Charles B. Murray. Men of his stamp are a rarity in this commercialized age. Honesty has not been a policy with him. It has been, if you please, his religion. Seventy-seven years young, may his years increase because he can ill be spared. From Henry E. Wilde (A. E. Wilde & Co.), Cincinnati. — The pages of the Token Book have been read with great interest— particularly the autobi- ographical part. I have admired your unswerving honesty, and close adher- ence to your ideals. You have been one of those men in the business world who have blazed a trail for the higher standards in business which are now beginning to prevail. From E. R. Donohue, lawyer, Cincinnati. — There are few men capable of grasping the net effect of innumerable reports, many of them conflicting, and fewer still capable of realizing that they must themselves keep hands 256 off, or their judgment would be warped by self-interest. You were such, and your record is a glorious heritage for your children. From Emmeline E. Harbison, florist, Danville, Ky. — Your Token Book means a great deal to your friends, as well as your children, to have this record of your long and useful life. The fact that it has come from your own pen makes it most valuable, since it expresses your very self. From H. B. Louderman (capitalist), St. Louis. — You have been a good, hard, faithful worker, and your work has been greatly appreciated and ad- mired, to say nothing of the good it has been to readers of the Price Current. From A. O. Kraemer (Kraemer Art Co.), Cincinnati. — I shall prize this little volume as a treasure of memories of our many pleasant associations. In my judgment there is no man in Cincinnati who has done more for his associates and fellow citizens for the best interest of the individual as well as the entire city, in an unselfish way, than yourself. From Francis J. Garrison (Houghton-Mifflin Co.), Boston. — I have read with hearty appreciation the interesting volume you have kindly sent me. You may well feel proud of such a list of friends, as have here testified their regard, affection and admiration for you. From John M. Thomas (president of Middlebury College), Middlebury, Vermont. — The book of Tributes received from you indicates that you have a very great number of old and true friends, whose loyalty and appreciation must be very grateful. From Casper H. Rowe, vice-president Market National Bank, Cincinnati. — ^You were very kind to remember me with a copy of your Token Book regarding your business career, and I wish to thank you very much for it. It is, indeed, a well-merited tribute of the good work which you have done in this community, and I rejoice in having it. From Albert Bettinger, lawyer, Cincinnati. — The book of Tributes is in- deed a record of constructive activity for which there is some compensation in the recognition which the record discloses. From Charles F. Emerick, Professor of Economics and Sociology, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. — In perusal of your book of Tributes I have been struck with the varied fields of activity in which you engaged. Con- sidering your physical limitations, I am amazed that your strength permitted attendance to the extent indicated at Lake Mohonk Conferences, and at meetings of the National Board of Trade, and participation in so much otherwise. In your statistical work there was so much that was genuinely constructive. The universities at the present time are running more and more to the use of the higher mathematics in statistical methods, forgetful at times of more important things. From Elwyn G. Preston, Boston, formerly Secretary for many years of the Boston Chamber of Commerce. — I read it from cover to cover, with great interest. It certainly is a fine thing to be able to look back upon a life of such usefulness, and also one filled with such genuine appreciation on the part of one's friends and associates. From Mrs. Lillie Buffum Chace Wyman, author, Newtonville, Mass. — I have been much interested in your account of your life. I truly love the introductory passage about your married experiences. My own feeling is that too little is told in most biographies of the home influences, and that no man's life can be correctly estimated without knowledge thereof. 257 From Chas. A. Baldwin, retired Boston merchant, Winchester, Mass. — The book of Tributes awakens memories and experiences, as I recall the many years of active business, with dependence on the Price Current for unbiased information, and the occasional intercourse with its able Editor, whom I have long held in highest esteem. I find no words of commenda- tion in the book to which I cannot heartily subscribe, or, if able to ade- quately do so I would not magnify. I retired from active business after 58 years of continuous service — 57 of these years at one locality, in Boston! But I did not fail to read the Price Current until it passed to strange hands. I congratulate you most heartily on your life work, which I be- lieve has been an example of true business integrity, as well as helpful in all ways to make the world's people more truthful, more honorable, more sympathetic. From J. R. Leeson, prominent manufacturer, Boston, Mass. — With all those formerly in association with you in the useful work taken cognizance of by the National Board of Trade, I rejoice that not only that Board, but the large interests which have been so admirably served by you during your long public service, will always remain in your debt. From a letter from Frederick Layton, Milwaukee, Wis. — long a pork packer; many years member of Board of Directors of the C, M. & St. P. Railway Co.; donor of the Layton Art Gallery to the city of Milwaukee. — I have had much pleasure in reading your most interesting book, and what confidence all your friends and subscribers to the Price Current, for so many years, had in your judgment and honesty, and love for you. THE GREAT BEAUTY. There is a beauty at the goalof life, A beauty growing since the world began. Through every age, and race, through lapse and strife. Till the great human soul complete her span. Beneath the waves of storm that lash and burn The currents of blind passion that appal, To listen and keep watch till we discern The tide of sovereign truth that guides it all; So to address our spirits to the height. And so attune them to the valiant whole. That the great light be clearer for our light. And the great soul stronger for our soul — To have done this is to have lived, though fame Remember us with no familiar name. — Archibald Lampman. "The more heart we put into our daily dealings, the more true satisfaction and lasting reward do we obtain." 258 PARTING WORDS AS EDITOR. The issue of the Cincinnati Price Current of December 26, 1912, rep- resented the ending of my editorial work. I offered parting words to my readers, from which brief extracts are here copied: Readers of the Cincinnati Price Current have been advised of the ar- rangements for terminating the issuance of this paper under the manage- ment of past years, and of its passing into new hands, with a change to Chicago as the place of publication hereafter. While the title appears to localize the paper, the publication has long been occupying a position not compassed by local limitations. The name is of the nature of a trademark. The Editor, in thus becoming separated from the medium of expression and of presentation of business information, general and special, and of promulgation of worthy thought, with which he has long been interested, is not indifferent to this incident. The fact that the question of his health now, as it has been during the past three years, is such as to make it a necessity to secure relief from the exactions of the labors he has been ac- customed to perform, serves to modify feelings of regret concerning the situation which represents an enforced loss of privileges and opportunities in which he has found compensation otherwise than of monetary form, for the time and labors given to his chosen responsibilities. While extending the scope of efforts in matters relating to the provi- sion trade and live stock interests the Editor gave increasing attention to grain trade and allied interests, and in a manner to command special at- tention of producers and dealers. Special investigations and statements concerning crop conditions, supplies and movement of grain, etc., were subjects of careful attention. The Editor instituted systems in such work that facilitated effectiveness in results. For many years, prior to the betterment of official service which developed later, the Price Current's weekly and other statements held an especially high and influential posi- tion in the consideration of tradesmen, and information of market senti- ment. It has been the policy of the Editor of the Price Current to avoid and discourage exaggeration in statements and sensational methods in their presentation to the public. This characteristic, with the manifest integrity of purpose in all of the work and efforts of the Editor, secured for the paper the high standing it reached and has maintained. Its special state- ments years ago concerning crop conditions, production and distribution, after having had an acknowledged leading position in recognition of those interested, became less important to maintain in all essentials, under the betterment of the official work in these matters. The Editor has not planned nor hoped for a condition of idleness, in- cident to retirement from journalistic work, but for needful relief from the exactions in the situation he has occupied. Until old age and infirmities obliterate his sensibilities, the Editor will cherish the confidence and evidences of approval accorded to him and his work, and the friendships acquired, in his journalistic career. 259 TRAVELS IN EUROPE. Elsewhere in this Sketch is reference to arrangements made for me in 1881 for a vacation period, incident to a plan for an ocean voyage, and travel in Europe. Upon looking forward to such an opportunity I decided that there would be more of lasting interest for me in such travel by shaping it for seeing as much as possible of outward and general characteristics of localities, instead of giving time to the inner objects of interest beyond such as might be found desirable in affording knowledge of the more important features of places visited. This was the policy which governed me, and with the constant activity of my movements I accomplished a remarkable extent of travel and of observations within the time at my com- mand, including places of particular interest in Ireland, Scotland and England, followed by touring on the Continent, visiting Belgium, Holland, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Bavaria, the Tyrol, Austria, and through Hungary, Roumania, Bulgaria, the Black Sea and the Bosphorus to Constantinople. It is not practicable here to undertake to introduce extensive de- tail in references to observations in this course of travel, but allu- sion will be made to some of the many incidents of the trip, such as the memory at this late period, and some records, may admit of. I sailed from Philadelphia on the American Line ship "Pennsylvania,"' on June 11, 1881. I had never previously had an ocean voyage experience. On board the ship I formed some very pleasant acquaintances. In the early part of the voyage, as something of diversion, Philadelphia acquaintances proposed the game of euchre, as entertainment, and as a result on many days there were four persons in the Captain's cabin a large part of the time, engaged in the game. On one side was a retired merchant of Phila- delphia, president of one of the branch railroads of the Pennsylvania system, his partner in the game being president of a Philadelphia bank; on the other side was a younger man, son of a Pennsylvania "coal king," and myself. The voyage was not disturbed by violent storm conditions. With quite a number of other passengers I debarked in Queenstown harbor, and passed up the River Lee to Cork. In the brief stay made at Cork a ride was had outside of the city, taking in Blarney Castle, and I was one who helped to hold a Philadelphia man from falling while he managed to twist himself into shape for "kissing the Blarney Stone," in its high position. In this action a match box dropped from his pocket, which I sought and found in the shrubbery below, and was allowed to retain. Our next stopping place was at the Royal Victoria Hotel, near one of the Kil- larney Lakes. While there we made the trip of the Gap of Dunloe, and en 26o route were besieged by barefooted women and girls with appeals to buy trinkets, goat's milk, "'mountain dew,'' etc. On reaching the shore of one of the lakes we proceeded by boats to a point where carriages met our party, conveying us to Muckross Abbey, and Ross Castle, interesting ruins, on the estate of Lord Kenmare. The view from the high walls of Ross Castle were charming. From the latter we entered boats, which took us to Innis- fallen Island, and thence to the hotel. The day's pleasurable exploit repre- sented a trip of about 40 miles. When we departed from the Royal Victoria Hotel for the two miles of ride to the railroad station one of our party advised me to take an outside place and near the driver, who had furnished entertainment for those so situated when going from the station to the hotel. As he cracked the whip over the four horses he started his talk, in a manner such as none but an Irishman can give utterance to. One outburst after another by his hearers included an observation by one of the passengers concerning his .mother. The driver, O' Sullivan, turned his head to say: "Your mother? Ye never had a mother!" "Of course I did." "No ye didn't; yer mother had ye!" Which put the laugh in favor of the humorous driver. This was one of the many hilarities in the short trip. We proceeded to Dublin, to Belfast, and northward to Port Rush and the "Giant's Causeway," a wonderful formation of Nature. The entrance from the land passage to the interior of a cave into which the ocean waters enter and recede, a distance of several hundred feet, was an interesting exploit, the visitor being carried by a man through a depth of foam to reach the small opening in the side of the cavern near its inner end. The tramping in that region, down and up the headlands, upon the Causeway, etc., was severe upon physical resources. On the return trip from Port Rush I stopped off several hours at Antrim, to see a brother of a Cin- cinnati friend. At Dublin I called on some Price Current subscribers. On emerging from one of the offices visited, which was entered in sunshine, I was sur- prised at being caught in a brisk shower. Nearby I entered a store and bought an umbrella. On reappearing on the street it was sunshine again, in ifine manner. That illustrates weather manners in Ireland. At Belfast some calls were made upon Price Current readers, and rides outside of the interesting city added much to the trip's enjoyment. The long twilight feature was particularly impressive upon an American. And to see persons along the quay picking out snails and eating them as a relish, as a Yankee would dispose of an oyster, was an odd sight. From Belfast the course was by steamer to Glasgow, going up the River Clyde. Here we found a fine city, with evidences of industrial thrift. On a visit to the notable Cathedral I was somewhat surprised and interested in observing a tablet on a wall upon which was inscribed : "In Memory of Charles B. Murray," etc. There were several of the ship party still together in these travels. From Glasgow we proceeded by railroad to Balloch, for Loch Lomond, and the trip of the Trossachs. Such a drenching as we experienced on that pleasure trip, between Inversnaid and Callender, had not been equaled in my other earthly movements, though was nearly so, when repeating it, with my wife and daughter in 1906. The call at Edinburg was distinctly interesting, for its many features of peculiar interest. The twilight in that northern latitude admitted of reading 26 1 a newspaper at 11 o'clock in the evening. An Edinburg cougin of a Cin- cinnati friend of mine took me to his home at North Berwick one afternoon, remaining during the evening. Among his inquiries he asked me if I had got "set up" on the voyage. Misunderstanding his meaning I said I had not. "I'm sorry," said he. This led me to ask for an explanation, which made it appear that he wished to know if I had received strengthening benefit from the voyage, while I had assumed that he meant seasickness. Next was a visit to Melrose Abbey and Abbotsford, and by way of Car- lisle and Penrith to lakes Ullswater and Windermere. Much of deserving details could be introduced, concerning these places of interest. We were at Edinburg when the shocking news of the assassination of President Garfield was received. From a brief stay at Liverpool I proceeded with some Philadelphia friends on trips which embraced visits to Haddon Hall, near Rowsley; Chatsworth, the magnificent seat of the Duke of Devonshire; Stratford-on-Avon ; War- wick Castle; Kenilworth; Leamington. Of these places many pages might be written relating to features of special interest. Proceeding to Windsor we had the opportunity of witnessing Queen Victoria's reviewing of 52,000 volunteer soldiers, on the spacious grounds there, the day being ifine. My St. Louis friend had proceeded direct to London from Edinburg, and thus failed to take in the various interesting places in England I have here men- tioned. At London I called on some Price Current subscribers, and at the House of Parliament. On reaching the entrance to the House of Commons I sent in a letter given me at Cincinnati from a townsman of Joseph Biggar, Irish agitator for home rule for Ireland. He came out, with his hands full of papers, and said he was to make a speech that evening, and accordingly was occupied, and as it was near adjourning time for supper he said to retain my letter, call again at 9 o'clock, and send it in then. In the meantime he went to the House of Lords to secure formal permission for my admission to the visitors' gallery there, where I found solemnity, but it was an appreciated privilege for a stranger. Returning to the House of Commons at 9 o'clock Mr. Biggar came out to escort me to the visitors' gallery, or place for visitors, limited in space. In passing in I removed my hat, deferentially, which brought from Biggar the ejaculation, "Put on your hat, man; put on your hat" — the word hat being pronounced as we do the word "hot." While interested in observing the doings of those inside, some with hats on, a member entered the hall through a door near my position, and halted on a seat near me, inside of the opening between the seats for strangers and the hall. He turned to me, asking what had been done in the proceedings, and on learning that I was a stranger he kindly pointed out quite a number of the notables, including John Bright. The hotel in which I stopped in London was on High Holborn street, near Lincolns Inn Fields, an open interior area. One day I took a stroll leading into byways in this region, between this opening and the Royal Courts of Justice, wandering into various places in the vicinity, and reach- ing quarters where I became aware of becoming surrounded by a gang of urchins in a manner and with appearances causing a feeling of apprehension on my part, being alone and readily recognized as a stranger; so I started on a retreat as quickly as practicable, without manifestation of embarrass- 262 ment or fear on my part, which was really overtaking me. On realizing that I had gotten out of this situation there was a satisfying sense of relief, and modification of the feeling of curiosity that had been guiding me. After six days of activity in enjoyable sight-seeing in London on my part there was departure for Dover, taking steamer there for Ostend, in Belgium, reaching Brussels by rail early in the morning. On the way to a hotel we witnessed the novel sight of tables and chairs standing in the street, as left by persons during the evening or night, in front of cafes, where they had been occupied in social enjoyment. Milk carts, and carts of market produce, drawn by dogs, attracted our attention. Many places of interest were visited in this charming city. The course thence was to Ant- werp, the Hague, and Rotterdam, in each finding features of much interest. Arriving at Antwerp on Sunday morning it seemed strange to see men at work on a house roof, in a week-day manner. We called upon some Price Current subscribers there, and various notable places of interest to visitors. At the art gallery, there came in an armless man, who repaired to a recess section, and soon occupied a chair before an easel, removed the outer cover- ing of his feet, and by using his feet and toes as hands and fingers pro- ceeded to handle palette and brush with complete facility in his replica or copy painting — occasionally inserting his foot into an inside pocket in his coat, extracting a handkerchief, and lifting his foot to his face in wiping away the perspiration. This man became an artist of note — at least for his achievements under physical limitations if not for high power beyond copy work in paintings. My St. Louis friend who joined me in this trip abroad proceeded direct from Edinburg to London, while I went by way of the English lakes, Liver- pool, and the various points of interest in England, already mentioned. On my reaching London, with my Philadelphia friends, I went with them to the hotel they had chosen, my St. Louis companion having located elsewhere. When we were about to depart for the Continent, having secured a line of book tickets, we arranged to meet at the Ludgate station for the train for Dover. On leaving the hotel the cabman was directed to take me to Ludgate station, but he landed me at the Chatham station, the terminal of the line. I supposed I was at Ludgate, and looked for my friend until a moment before departure of the train, when I remarked to the gatekeeper that I expected a friend to join me who had not arrived. "Maybe he is at Ludgate — and if you want to go aboard you better hurry." The car doors were being closed and locked, and I barely secured entrance to a compart- ment when the train dashed away. At Ludgate, the next station, before the train had stopped, I saw my friend and called to him in passing by — which brought him to the compartment in which I was located. What I listened to for awhile from my excited companion was "a plenty." Then I quietly remarked that the anxiety was due to the action of the cabman, at variance with directions (presumably to serve his convenience), depositing me at Chatham station, but as we had gotten together, neither one being really finally lost, we might as well take a cheerful view of the incident. Proceeding from Antwerp to Amsterdam we found a great extent of interesting features. From the old guide employed there, a Garibaldi soldier, I had a number of letters, after returning to Ohio. A visit was made to Zaandam, about ten miles from Amsterdam, where was the cottage in which Peter the Great, of Russia, had lived while learning the trade of a ship- 263 Wright, in which the Emperor Alexander caused a tablet to be placed over the mantelpiece with the inscription: "Nothing too small for a great man." From Amsterdam we proceeded to Cologne, and to Bonn, where passage was taken on a River Rhine boat, propelled by cable under the boat. The fame of the Rhine trip seemed to be justified by the experiences and obser- vations of the day. Arriving at Biebrich, a vehicle conveyed us the brief distance to Wiesbaden, noted for its curative springs. This was followed by visits to Mayence, where was the site of the dwelling of Gutenberg, the inventor of printing; to Frankfort, native place of the Rothschild family, and of Goethe, and presenting a great extent of features of interest to a visitor; to Heidelberg, with its notable castle, and great "tun," or cask; to Baden, on the edge of the Black Forest, a fashionable reSort; to Strasbourg, with its storks on roofs of buildings, the famous clock in the cathedral, and various other objects of particular interest to strangers. The next halting place was at Basel, where began observations of the attractions of Switzerland. From Lucerne, a trip was taken by the lake to Vitznau, thence by the mountain railway to Rigi Kulm, 4,500 feet above the lake. Remained over night at the Rigi summit, for the purpose of seeing the sunrise, from this interesting point — but obscuring clouds occasioned disappointment. In the absence of interfering clouds the views from the Rigi mountain reach far away over water, valley and mountain scenery. Going down the mountain I took the car line leading to Arth, and a Lake Zug steamer to Immensee, on the west side of the lake" and walked across the neck of land to Lake Lucerne. The departure from Lucerne was by lake to Alpnach, and by diligence over the Brunig Pass, the course taking us along the mountain side overlooking the charming valley in which is the town of Meiringen ; thence to Brienz, and to Interlachen, reached by steamer on Lake Brienz. From this place of special interest to visitors, after some highly interesting observations there and in the vicinity, I departed by private vehicle with a view to making the trip over the Gemmi Pass. My friend who had been with me joined others going direct to Geneva. On seeking a companion for the Gemmi Pass trip I found a Philadel- phian, who was a Presbyterian minister, and a rather quaint and peculiar character. My calculations, based on distances, led me to expect that on leaving Interlachen early in the day the arrival at Kandersteg would admit of getting over the mountain, the ascent of which began there, before the end of the day. We were defeated in this plan, however, by evident collu- sion between our driver and the hotel proprietor, at Kandersteg, where we were landed much later than we expected, due to a long midday stop and slow traveling, by our driver. There seemed to be no alternative but to remain over night at the Kandersteg hotel at which we had arrived, so we engaged rooms, and gave orders for guides and horses for an early morning start up the mountain. At this juncture two American tourists made their appearance, from a tramping tour. We learned that they had planned to proceed without delay up the mountain, but had failed to secure horses. After some comments upon the situation, and expressions of indignation concerning the interference of the hotel proprietor, one of the party suggested starting afoot up the mountain, at once, if guides were available, and they were. So myself and companion settled with the greedy landlord, and joined in the plan for de- parture. With guides to carry our traps and lead the way we began the 264 hard tramp a little before the close of daylight, and the march was soon a dismal one, following the guides in darkness. About 9 o'clock we reached the Schwarenbach resting place, 3,000 feet higher than Kandersteg, in ele- vation. We secured food and beds, and in the morning an early start was made for the Wildstrubel Hotel, at the brink of the Gemmi Pass. En route we found banks of snow, and a small lake at this high altitude. Three thousand feet below the hotel was situated the Baths of Leuk. The site of the Wildstrubel Hotel commands surprising views of the Alps. I crawled upon the ground to secure a look down the gorge, with its great rocky wall, almost perpendicular for about 1,800 feet of elevation, to the debris and its slope below, with 1,200 feet further descent to the Baths. Down this marvelous wall there was constructed, in 1736-41, what is de- scribed as one of the most curious of the Alpine routes, four to five feet in width. The windings are hewn in the rock, often resembling a spiral staircase, the upper parts actually projecting at places beyond the lower, in shelf-like manner. Persons of weak nerves or liable to dizziness should not attempt this remarkkable trip, up or down, especially down. It is a trying experience to strong and well persons. The Baths of Leuk are for cutaneous diseases and rheumatism, the source being 22 springs, 93 to 123 degrees Fah. The vats of water, in which persons remain for several hours, chiefly at a temperature of 85 degrees Fah., are provided with floating tables on which patients find diversion and entertainment in games, newspapers, books, etc., and refreshments. The ride by carriage to the railroad station of Leuk, in the River Rhone valley, ten miles distant, makes a descent of 2,600 feet in elevation, in its pleasing course. Leaving the railroad at Martigny, where we remained over night, the trip was thence over the Tete Noire Pass, en route to Chamonix. In the valley to which we descended there appeared a great extent of rhodo- dendrons, and many shrines. I had planned something of a stay at Cha- monix, situated in front of the range of Mont Blanc, but the two Americans we fell in with at Kandersteg were to depart in the morning by the dili- gence for Geneva, so under their urgent invitation I went along, securing an elevated seat at the side of the driver. The day's trip was fine. At Geneva one of the two Americans said he would like to go to Rome, and would do so if I would also go. I said that I had not thought of so doing, but we arranged to undertake the trip. Departing from Geneva on a Friday evening we were at Pisa, in Italy, about 7 o'clock the next eve- ning, the course being through the Mont Cenis tunnel, seven and a half miles in length. My companions, unexpectedly by me, said they would stop over there at Pisa. I learned that my ticket through to Rome admitted of no stopover without forfeiture of it, so I proceeded on the all-night ride, ar- riving at Rome at 5.30 o'clock in the morning, Sunday. I went to the Quirinal Hotel, got breakfast, secured a carriage, and proceeded across the city direct to St. Peters Cathedral, where I remained until 12 o'clock. On appearing outside then a well-mannered man asked if I desired a guide while in Rome — saying he had been in such service there for twenty years. I accepted his service. He said for me to return to the hotel, and remain there until 3 o'clock — for from noon to that time persons did not appear on the streets, in the heat of that time of year. This was in August, and I was probably the only tourist in Rome at that time. The guide came to the hotel at 3 o'clock. I explained that I was to be joined that night by 265 two others, and I wanted to see objects of interest previously which would not be included in the shorter time of the others there. I had been advised not to go to Rome, at the season of the year when I went there. Some of my friends had related startling cases of sorrowful results to visitors from the dreaded Roman fever, to which they were liable in August and September. With two nights and a day of travel, in the heat and dust, from Geneva to Rome, without Pullman conveniences, the trip had elements of hardship. But the aggregation of features of great and lasting interest at Rome fully balanced the account, and I have had the sat- isfaction of feeling that not much, comparatively speaking, of the special objects of interest there were not included within the range of my observa- tions in a general way. After three days there for myself and two days for the others, we de- parted for Pompeii. Guide books said that travelers must not allow them- selves to yield to the inclination to sleep, on traveling in southern Italy, in the summer season, because of fever dangers to the system while in such a state of relaxation, from the malarial atmosphere, but the injunction failed in preventing the irresistible treaty with this threatening enemy. At Pompeii we made a fatiguing inspection of the excavations then going on there, and what had been already disclosed. While resting, and lunching, near the close of the day, we were approached by men offering to furnish horses and accompany us on a trip up Vesuvius. We had planned to go by late night train to Naples, and go up Vesuvius from there by rail. We were assured that we could make the trip and get back in time for the late train — which was one of the deceptions tourists were confronted with. We were quickly under way on horseback, going thus the several miles in the heat and dust to the point beyond which horses could not go, and where they were hitched to great lava rocks. Then began the ascent afoot, over a rough and irregular and somewhat circuitous course, through sul- phuric gas at places where it was nearly suffocating. My two companions had assistance by holding upon straps about the shoulders of the guides. Nevertheless one of them became so exhausted that when I overtook him he was lying upon his back, seemingly almost deathly ill. On leaving Pom- peii he procured a bottle of wine, of which he partook to quench thirst during such trip in a hot atmosphere, which was a mistake, under such conditions. My custom was to have some lumps of sugar in my pocket, for use as needed. I had but a single lump then, which I gave to ray com- panion. He told me afterward that it was the most grateful morsel his throat had ever received. At 9 o'clock we were at the verge of the old crater. It was an interesting experience, of rare nature, secured by the most exhausting effort I had ever made. By the moonlight something of the Bay of Naples, far below us, could be traced through the hazy atmos- phere. In the opposite direction was the active crater, where there was con- siderable of upheavals of 'fiery masses from the unknowable depths below. All that could be seen was soon brought into vision, and departure of the others had occurred before I realized their going, but I observed the course taken by the clouds of dust from the bed of ashes through which the movements were taken, and I quickly followed. It was a steep descent, taken by long and rapid strides, on the downward run. I shortly overtook one of my companions, who had stumbled and fallen, throwing his watch from his pocket, and which he had just found. In eleven minutes of time 266 I made the descent by this short course and rapid movement to where we left the horses for the hour and a half of exhausing ascent. Mounting the horses we rode to the first village reached en route to Pompeii, and there secured a vehicle for the remaining portion of the trip. Arriving at Pompeii at half past one, after midnight, we found rest in rooms with stone floors and iron bedsteads, the walls decorated with moving little green lizards, reminding me of what I had seen of these harmless creatures in the "Heathen Cemetery,'' on the Appian Way, in Rome. The great flow of lava from the eruption of Vesuvius several years ago, which occasioned serious losses of life and destruction of property, was over a course we had taken in our trip, in 1881, in that ascent. On arriving at Naples, from Pompeii, one of my companions went to bed, at a hotel, as a result of the Vesuvius experience, while the other and myself secured a vehicle, by which we could observe the curious street char- acteristics and other matters of interest, in that city of activity and attrac- tions. The extent of roof occupancy observable was one of the notable sights. Many features of special interest at Florence were embraced in our movements there, in what has had the title of "the fairest city of the earth.'' The arrival at Venice was late in the day. We were conveyed by gondola from the railroad terminal to a hotel, and after the evening meal took a ride on the Grand Canal. There was too much at Venice of special interest to be compassed to any considerable degree in the limited time planned for the visit to this city of peculiar attraction, built upon 72 islands, and whose streets are water courses in the lagoon in which the city is situated. Milan was next visited. My companions proposed departure on the day following arrival, for a trip of the Italian lakes, and returning northward. My mail, ordered to be sent forward from Geneva, had not arrived, so I did not accompany them, but I made the trip a day later. At Bellagio, on Lake Como, I saw these friends at the landing. They were to continue northward, while I debarked at Menaggio, going thence by vehicle to Lake Lugano, and thence by vehicle again to Luino, on Lake Maggiore. I had planned to go southward from Luino to Stressa, thence by rail back to Milan. But the boat going northward came in sight while I was waiting at the landing, and I changed my plan, and went to Locarno, at the north end of the lake. Thence by rail to Biasca. Here at 9 o'clock in the eve- ning I entered the post diligence for passage over the St. Gothard Pass, in an all-night trip, with one other passenger, a lady schoolteacher, who had pursued her calling in Italy. She had with her a guinea pig pet. The course downward from the mountain elevation, by way of Andermatt, on the return to Lucerne, was of somewhat wild nature. When in Milan I visited the Exposition then being held, and where I was much interested in the exhibits showing the processes of silk production, from the silkworm and its cocoon to the spun and woven fiber. The famous Cathedral, the fresco of the Last Supper, and other features, were objects of memorable interest. The ascent of the steps to the roof of the Cathedral was attended with a wonderful sight, displayed in the architectural features of that mar- velous structure. We spent an evening at the great Amphitheater, or Arena, witnessing the open air sports there. From the two American tourists, with whom I traveled about three 267 weeks, I had not learned of their vocations. We had been together in Switzerland, in Rome, at Pompeii, up the trying trip to the summit of Vesuvius from the Pompeii side, and in Naples, in Florence, in Venice, and in Milan. In my nature there is lacking a disposition to press inquisitive inquiries of . personal nature in connection with association with others. These men were Methodist ministers, which I had not dreamed of. They were good men, and I liked them, and a cordial friendship between us was developed. After reaching home I received a printed copy of a sermon by one of them, located at Brooklyn. This was explanatory, in a measure. A few years later this person called at my office — saying that since his return he had intended to come and see me if he should be within a hundred miles of Cincinnati at any time. He explained that when we met at Kandersteg, Switzerland, on the Gemmi Pass trip, I dropped a comment of questionable compliment applicable to the clergy. My companion from Interlachen was a Presbyterian minister, of personal peculiarities, which prompted the remark. My Brooklyn friend said that my expression led to an understanding between himself and his companion that "mum is the word." I failed to embarrass them later by inquiring into their personal affairs. When we were at Rome, one of my companions and myself missed the other person, after our evening meal. So we secured a carriage for a ride, in the bright moonlight, in the course of which we approached the Colos- seum, which we had visited in daylight. We passed inside the walls — and found there our lost companion, in his contemplation of the historic situation undisturbed by associates. Later in our journeyings he gave to me a brick (or half of one) which he had managed to loosen from its position in that interesting enclosure— saying he was tired of carrying it. And in a short time I abandoned it, with other material getting burdensome. But when at home I regretted that I had not brought that piece of brick, and had it on my desk as a paperweight and reminder of cherished privileges of observa- tion as a tourist. From Lucerne I went to Berne. Leaving the station to go to a hotel I realized that I had left my umbrella in the car— the only instance of such oversight in all my travels abroad. I went back to the station. The man there in charge of the levers for switch regulation spoke English, so I stated the object of my call. The car had passed out to the yards, to which he sent a man, who received a fee on delivering the umbrella to me, while the man who sent him declined such proffer to himself — the only instance of such attitude within my travel experiences in that tour. Leaving Berne for Lausanne, a stop was made at Fribourg, near 8 in the evening, to hear the famous organ there, at the Cathedral, where concerts were of nightly occur- rence. Lausanne was on the course to Geneva, but I took a train there to Villeneuve, at the east end of Lake Leman, and after a brief stroll there was aboard a train for Geneva. A short time before starting on this trip abroad I made a visit to dear friends at the home of Dr. Joseph Howells, at Richmond, Indiana— a brother of William Dean Howells, who had been there a day of two previ- ously. The daughters of Dr. Howells were interested in a young Swiss woman, who had been in our country three months. Her father was a professor of music, at Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland, and when she learned that I was soon to start on a trip which was likely to take me to her 268 country she asked if I would take some things for her mother. She sent a package to me at Cincinnati, which was startling in its size, so I opened it, and found it to be a hammock — with some cards of water color painting, from her own brush. There was another small package inside, which on examination was found to contain the wired rubber corks and short pieces of the necks of two beer bottles. I could not imagine why it was wished that these should go — ^but I took them, and the pictures. I had not been furnished with a list of the articles sent to me. When in Switzerland, and not expecting to go to Chaux de Fonds, I forwarded these articles by post which I carried. My presence in Geneva at the time of arrival, here men- tioned, was on a Saturday afternoon. I had secured my mail, and was wondering what move to take. I thought of Chaux de Fonds, so I headed that way. From Neuchatel the railroad makes its way up the Jura Moun- tain, in a winding or zigzag course. Soon the elevation allowed of faraway views, over Lake Neuchatel, and much of mountain and valley scenery. Reaching Chaux de Fonds late in the day I proceeded to a hotel, some distance from the station, where there was no English speaking person con- nected with the hotel. Soon, however, a young man came in who was ad- vised of my wishes to see some person understanding English. He took or sent my card to the professor of music, father of the Swiss girl I had met at the Howells home. He came to the hotel while I was at the supper table, and signified to me that he would be in the cafe, when I should finish the meal. But we could not converse with each other — and the situation was truly embarrassing. Then I remembered that in the earnest conversation of two men opposite to me at the dining room table, one of them had re- peatedly spoken some English words, probably inadvertently. I went to him and explained my situation, and he served as interpreter — telling me that the professor desired me to accompany him to his apartment, to see his wife, the mother of the Swiss girl then in America. On arriving there, I was asked to join in a luncheon — but it was painful, under the inability to ex- change expressions, or receive words I could understand from these people, whose hearts were full of emotion at having a call from a person who had so recently seen their daughter absent in a foreign land. Our interpreter informed me of reference to the package I had forwarded, in which it was expected would be found some articles of jewelry the daughter had written to them as having been sent. The conclusion reached was that whoever had wrapped the package sent to me at Cincinnati from Richmond had ab- stracted them and had put the pieces of bottles in their place. The interpreter said the professor wanted me to go with him and his wife the next day on a trip they proposed, the plan being to call upon the principal of a Boys' School a little ways from Chaux de Fonds, with a view to his going with us, and serving as interpreter. He was an American, and a 'fine man, and the day proved to be interesting. We passed through the old town of Locle, and to Lake Brenets, and visited the Doubs, on the boundary line between Switzerland and France — a very picturesque region. From Chaux de Fonds I went to Basel — the course down from this mountain district being decidedly interesting. One of the Price Current subscribers I saw at Basel asked if I had called on the American consul. I had not. He said I ought to, as he was highly thought of by the mer- chants there. So I had the cab driver land me at the American consulate. As I passed through the hall I observed a sign designating the office hours. 269 On examining my watch I saw that I was too late, and turned to d?part A door was opened, when I remarked that I had called to see the consul, but saw that I was late. I was assured that it made no difference, and I found myself having a delightful visit. He insisted that I remain until the return of his wife, then out— and when she came in, I found that she was a person of charming and unaffected manners, like her husband. She showed me through the house, in order that I might know the style of furnishings there. Within a few minutes of the departing time of the train I was to go on I entered the cab, the driver of which was near the con- clusion that I had deserted him. This consul, Frank H. Alason, was long in consular service for our country, in different cities on the Continent, and his reports in the Department of State publications reflected his high order of intelligence and attention in such lines. (Since this was written I have learned that as late as 1913 he was still in such service, in Paris, to the credit of the appointing power in our country.) The man at Chaux de Fonds who served as interpreter for me was something of a wag. He informed me that his name was Haff, and that on my return to America I could tell my friends that I had seen "Haff (half) of Switzerland." I had no plan of travel, and took such course from day to day as I found inclination for. My next movements included a visit to the Schaff- hausen Falls, and to Zurich, thence eastward to Chur, where I took passage by a post "supplementary" carriage, starting at 5:15 in the morning, going by way of the grandly picturesque Schyn Pass, and the dismal, though high in elevation, Julier Pass, by way of St. Moritz to Samaden, in the Engadin valley, in the Eastern Alps. On arrival at 8 o'clock in the evening at this destination, I found at the hotel all the social gaiety to be found in city high life. This location is near 6,000 feet above sea level, and said to be the highest valley in Europe. I expected to proceed from Samaden through the eastern Alps, by way of the Stelvio Pass, to Botzen, but on learning that this called for four days of hard travel, beginning at 4 o'clock in the morning, and that a private vehicle was costly for such trip, I abandoned the plan. The next morning I started back to Chur, by way of the Albula Pass. While there was disappointment in the matter of getting through the mountains eastward I did not regret the trip taken, for it furnished highly interesting experiences and a widened knowledge of regions within range of the Alps. In the movements of post vehicles with passengers departing or taking passage at stopping points, changes are liable to be made in the assignment of passengers. At one of such places on the course between Chur and Samaden the conductor changed me to a seat in a carriage which had been occupied by several members of an English party, then not in the carriage, which included two young ladies, one of whom on returning manifested disgust at my presence, at her side, by which one of the gentlemen was shifted to another carriage, with other members of the party. When I explained that the conductor had placed me there, and said that I was will- ing to be located otherwise, the man who was thus crowded out good- naturedly insisted that I remain. I did not need much insistence, for there was enough of the mischievous in my nature to tfind a sense of interest in the display of annoyance which the young lady at my left manifested during 270 the several hours following, including the dreary ascent of the altitudinous Julier. During the trip returning to Chur there were two persons who entered the carriage I was in at one of the stopping points, who had earlier been otherwise situated. When asked as to how long I had been in the valley, and replying that I arrived there the evening previously, I was asked what I went there for. I explained. One of these persons was a young Scotch- man, who had in a manner ridiculed the stories of my traveling, in re- sponse to the inquiries addressed to me, but when he asked me what town we were approaching, and I replied that it was Churwalden, telling of the notable features of the place, he changed his song, saying: "Here we have been making fun of this Yankee, but he knows all about the places we are coming to, of which we know nothing, and I take my hat off to him !" The other passenger was a German, whose home was in Leipsic. He had been in the Engadine Valley five weeks, on health account. He had traveled extensively in quest of relief from physical disorders. On the fol- lowing day he entertained me in a manner I will allude to a little further in my narration. It was 9 o'clock or later when we arrived at Chur. I applied for a room at the hotel, the only one to be so designated in that part of the city. After ascending stairs of several stories of the high building I refused to go further, and went back downstairs, and to the street, the post station or office being near, and several persons in sight there. I made an inquiry as to where another hotel could be found. One of the men said he could guide me to a house where I could get accommo- dations, and he led me through windings and darkness to a rough appearing small structure, but I got a good supper there and comfortable sleeping quarters. In the morning I rode to the railroad station, in an aged vehicle furnished by the lodging house keeper. The German acquaintance of the day before was at the station. We went northward, with a view to going to Lindau, in Bavaria, to which the German proceeded direct by rail, while I made a detour, to Rorschach, for a trip across Lake Constance. I met the German friend at Lindau, and we rode together to Buchloe, from which point he went northward and I went to Munich. While in the Engadine Valley he had busied himself gathering flora, in great variety, and had pressed and attached them to leaves of albums, accompanied with their botanical names. They were artistically shown in this way, and represented beautiful pictures of such of nature's productions. While there seemed to be a lack of activity at Munich I found much there to interest a visitor, including the Muller Bronze Foundry, where was cast the Probasco-Davidson Fountain in Cincinnati, the finest of such kind of adornment for a city in our country. A novel feature at Munich was a cemetery within the city, where in an arcade were monuments and memorial tablets and tombs, and also halls where are required to be de- posited the bodies of deceased persons within twenty-four hours of death, and there retained for three days, exposed to view through the glass en- closures. Attached to the hands of these bodies were wires, connected with signals to give an alarm in case of any revival or movement of the body supposed to be dead. The colossal bronze statue of Bavaria, a little outside of the city proper, is spoken of as the most elaborate and com- prehensive one of its kind in the world, standing sixty-six feet high. Sur- rounding the statue, in a semi-circular form, is a colonnade, in which ap- 271 pears busts of great men of Bavaria. The objects and places of interest to visitors in Munich represent a long list. Salzburg had many points of interest. From contiguous elevated posi- tions charming views are to be had. The Hofbrunnen (fountain) was a beautiful feature. The bronze statue of Mozart, born there, was an object of interest. The seven iron crosses standing in the ground near an old church, to commemorate the lives of seven wives of a man who had' caused their deaths by tickling the bottoms of their feet, according to tra- dition, were shown to visitors. Nearby was the palace of Helbrunn, of historic interest, with attractive gardens and fountains, forming a pleasing resort. From Salzburg I made a trip by private vehicle fourteen miles to Berchtesgaden, in Bavaria — the vehicle being drawn by a single horse hitched to one side of a tongue such as is used for two horses elsewhere. And having crossed the line between Austria and Bavaria the turnout was changed to the opposite side of the road from the course on the other side of the line. At Berchtesgaden I visited the salt mines there, reached by a tunnel of 1,200 feet length, then a drop to a lower level, disclosing a vat, into which the deposit after being mined is dissolved, to serve its being piped to a refinery twenty miles away. These vats are large, some being equipped with boats, the one we crossed by boat being 350 feet in width. There were said to be thirty-six of such vats. Preparatory to entering the in- terior regions the visitors were provided with outfits of oilcloth, and a leather apron, for service at the back instead of front, for use in the novel and interesting slide down to the lower positions of chambers. On re- turning to daylight, 3,200 feet from the starting point, we were mounted astride a sort of wooden horse truck, the wheels of which ran on narrow rail tracks, the down grade serving as the moving force, and the speed ac- quired under these conditions, and the roaring sounds from similar move- ments in intersecting tunnels, gave the situation exciting and novel char- acteristics and sensations. A little farther in this trip I reached the Konigsee, or King's Lake, which is about six miles in length and a mile in breadth. It is peculiarly interesting for its surroundings of mountains rising precipitously, six thousand to nearly eight thousand feet. From there I returned to Salz- burg. Wild and picturesque scenery characterized the course from Salzburg southward. At St. Johann-im-Pongau I left the train to make the short trip to the Lichtenstein-Klamme, an immense gorge and series of cascades, the walls of which were eight hundred to a thousand feet high, and very near to each other, suggestive of a great crevice. I returned by the hurried vehicle to the station in time for the next train. Innsbruck was found to be a very attractive place, with some features not previously seen in my travels. The novelty of the architecture of the high buildings of Maria Theresa street, with the slight curving and wide characteristics of that thoroughfare were fascinating features to a visitor. Thence the course was over the Brenner Pass to Botzen, in the Tyrol, where I secured a team which took me by way of Meran to Spondinig, reached at 8 o'clock in the evening, having started from Botzen early in the morning for the long drive. The passenger and his driver were unable 272 to converse with each other. Two English ladies whose carriage I had seen at different places on the trip from Botzen were there ahead of me. At 6 o'clock the next morning the start was made upon the upward course for the Stelvio Pass, 7,000 feet higher up. This was September 4. The driver stopped at Franzenshohe, a halting place (one building) in the gorge, three thousand feet below the summit point, the highest wagon road position in Europe, and said to be the highest known in the world. Find- ing that the driver intended to halt for two hours I proceeded afoot. The zigzag course of the road far above was a curious sight. About half way up this part of the course the snow line was reached. At the highest point of the road, about 10,000 feet above sea level, the roadway within a few rods began its descending course, westward. I ventured leaving the road- way to go up higher, along a ridge leading northward, several hundred feet. This rocky ridge at places had little snow. I found a boundary line stone pillar, upon which I was able to climb. After a while I could, with my field glass, see my team start upward, from the position 3,000 feet be- low. An hour and a half later it reached the high point of the road. From my outlook position, standing on the stone pillar to be out of the snow, in this wonderful situation of solitude, and grandeur of views, I enjoyed the greatest parorama of mountain peaks which had been my privilege to look upon. Excepting a narrow obscuration northward, by greater height of the ridge, there was an unbroken outlook and seemingly unlimited ex- tent of distant mountain peaks to be seen, in every direction, all capped with perpetual snow, and no vestige of tree growth apparent excepting in one spot far down the gorge up which we came. The Ortler group of mountains, said to be the highest of the Eastern Alps, were southward, and near. Also, the great snow fields and glaciers of the Monte Cristallo, the Madatch, and others. In the evening I was at Spondinig again, and twenty-four hours later at Botzen. At the Spondinig Hotel I delivered to the two English ladies who stopped over Sunday there a large snowballj from snow I secured from slopes by the roadside within reach of my posi- tion, while the carriage was moving down the mountain. A letter from Constantinople, under date September 12, 1881, which I wrote to my home at Cincinnati, among its expressions said: "In my movements for some time past there has been a series of events not fore- shadowed by previous plans or expectations. A week ago I stood in the snow upon a mountain elevation above the Stelvio Pass in the Eastern Alps, surveying a wonderful panorama of snow-covered mountain scenery and fields of snow. On yesterday at the same hour I was upon the deck of a steamer in the Bosphorus, near the Golden Horn, watching a curious sight, in the movements of Turks with their small boats receiving passen- gers and luggage from our steamer, and such a sound of voices never before greeted my ears. And today I was upon a mountain height in Asia Minor, commanding a charming view of Constantinople, the Sea of Marmora, the Golden Horn, the Bosphorus from the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmora, and a vast extent of mountain scenery, including distant Mount Olympus, on the Asiatic side, and various villages or cities nearby, adjacent to the 'Sublime Porte,' islands, etc. It was indeed charming." In the same letter appeared this: "At half past 12 o'clock Monday night I departed from Botzen for Vienna— reaching Marburg, in Austria, the next evening at 6, where I found some supper and a bed in a hotel 273 where no one could speak my language. At 2 o'clock that night I was aboard a train, arriving at Vienna at 10 o'clock, next forenoon, by way of the Semmering Pass. As we ascended the mountain side a feeling of dis- gust came over me, at what seemed to be a foggy morning, for I felt that the high expectations which had been raised of the enjoyments of the Semmering trip were to be cut off — but when we had passed through the tunnel at the highest point reached by the railway we found ourselves in bright sunlight, and learned that the fog was a cloud in which we were enveloped on the other and sunless side of the mountain. As our train progressed in its downward course, around curves, taking us in all direc- tions, there opened up to view more and more charming of the picturesque- ness of the surroundings and the wonderful engineering which had con- structed such a line of railway." Vienna was found to be the splendid city it had been described to be. In the brief stay there much was seen of the great extent of points of in- terest, though it was only partial. Receiving a favorable letter there from home the thought of pursuing the trip to Constantinople arose, and I tele- graphed at once to Liverpool to know if my return passage could be changed to a date a week later — but at 3 o'clock no reply had been re- ceived, and as I must go by the 3:30 train, if at all, I concluded to purchase a ticket to Pesth, and arranged with my guide to telegraph me at the sta- tion there with the information from Liverpool. But there was no tele- gram for me, and I purchased a ticket through to Constantinople, by way of Bucharest, in Roumania, and Rustchuk, in Bulgaria, and to Varna, on the Black Sea. There was no railroad then reaching Constantinople. Trains from Vienna to Varna were run only twice a week. In my letter sent home, which I have quoted from, were these ex- pressions: "When we reached the point where we crossed the Danube from Roumania to Rustchuk, in Bulgaria, my progress toward the boat was impeded by a well dressed man who could not talk English, but who marched me away into a little tent some distance off, with a dirty cos- tumed swarthy guard with a gun loitering around near the entrance, and after listening for some time to an oriental controversy in high tones I paid a fee for some 'police' indentures upon my passport, and went off with a sense of relief. "At Varna, the end of the railway, at the Black Sea, reached at 9 o'clock in the evening, we learned that the steamer was at anchor some distance out. So we got into one of the small boats, which the sea tossed about in most lively manner. It was a great relief to my feelings eventu- ally to realize that I was actually on deck, and had not gone overboard in getting up the shipside. "The entrance next day into the Bosphorus was an interesting event, and I watched its developments eagerly, until we anchored off Galatea. When we had made the landing, carrying a small satchel of clothing, I was halted by a customs officer, who insisted on thrusting his hands into all these garments. When we had proceeded about a hundred feet I was surprised at being summarily taken hold of with a view of searching my person — but the hotel escort talked Turkish at the officious chap in a brilliant manner, but seemingly without effect, so we returned to the first officer who had passed on my case, after which we went forward without 274 further molestation. Such streets as we passed along and up to get to our hotel, I never before beheld. "Having taken some lunch, I started out, with a Turk for a guide, who escorted me to one of the Mohammedan places of worship. It was a queer sight that met my eyes, as we sat in the small balcony of a rickety frame house of worship, looking at the gyrations of a row of human beings, mak- ing the most irrational sounds and actions, which were kept up about an hour. Then the priest performed his work of healing the sick, who were prostrated at full length upon the floor in front of the crude altar, and sub- mitted to being stepped upon by the priest. Fourteen children at one time lay upon the floor, side by side, before this priest, and then he stepped from the body of one to another, and thus upon some forty or fifty in all, in- cluding some mere infants, who were held down while this wretched per- formance was being enacted. I wondered how such things could be, among people whose appearance would seem to justify an expectation of less of barbarian usages." The Constantinople trip furnished opportunities peculiarly interesting. On the train upon which I departed from Vienna was a crusty English- man, who displayed a moderate share of civility. En route I learned from him that he had been an English consul to Persia for twenty years. Our train reached Bucharest at the close of the second day from Vienna. The hotel quarters were at a considerable distance from the railroad station. At the hotel I left orders for breakfast in my room, and to be taken to the train going southward in the morning, by the hotel omnibus. But I was not advised of the omnibus call, and being thus left undertook to find a con- veyance. Time was getting short, and there seemed to be a certainty that I was to remain there. But at the last moment a vehicle was secured. The Englishman turned up in the same plight I was in. We together boarded the carriage, and by hurrying reached the train, far away from the hotel, just in time to get aboard. When we left the train, about noon, we were halted by an official on the passageway to the steamer for ferriage over the Danube to Rustchuk. The Englishman presented his card, spoke in French, was saluted, and allowed to pass on. I was marched away to a tent, and detained quite a while, becoming anxious about being in time for the con- necting train on the opposite side of the river. After I got away, leaving a fee for police indenture upon my passport, 1 felt that if the Englishman had said in French to the official that I was an American tourist I would not have been detained. In the car compartment in which I was located at Rustchuk was the Englishman, whom I inferred was making the trip to Constantinople as an emissary for his government. There came in a tall man, who took a seat at my side. He frequently conversed in French with the Englishman. In an exchange of words between myself and the Eng- lishman, the tall man turned to me, saying: "Why, do you speak English?" "Nothing else; I am an American." "Indeed! And I am an American. That is, I am a Greek by birth; I went to America as a young man, took a Harvard course in medicine, became a citizen of the United States, and returned to Constantinople, where I have been the American Vice Consul for forty years." He was Dr. Stamatiades, of considerable fame. We had much of conversation. "I have just been to Europe," he said, "to have my ears treated for deafness." He had come to Rustchuk by steamer on the Danube from Buda Pesth — and on leaving the steamer found that his 275 overcoat had been stolen. I was unable to call on him at his home, as invited. After the ship left Varna £(nd got under way, near midnight, passengers were invited to luncheon. I was nervous, and having been on shortness of food during the day joined in the opportunity. I saw others helping them- selves to what appeared to be a relish, and I attacked it, and found it a very nauseating product for my stomach in its existing state. It was caviar, combined with rancid oil. In the large stateroom in which I was located was also the English- man, and a foreigner of good appearance. When I made an effort for rising from my berth, in the morning, I found that I was alone. Also, that the sensations of seasickness, on attempting to move, were of an over- coming nature. I was thus held in imprisonment for quite a time, until I rallied ability to get into the open air on deck, which gave me the welcome relief, and I had the questionable satisfaction of seeing my crusty fellow- traveler stretched out on a cot, under treatment by attendants for sea- sickness. In a letter sent home which briefly recited some of the observations at Constantinople appeared these expressions: "In my short stay at Con- stantinople I saw much within the time there, embracing the peculiar fea- tures of Stamboul — its mosques and mausoleums, bazars and markets, obe- lisks, etc. In Stamboul, as on the other side of the Golden Horn, were the most miserable streets and filth, wretched buildings, and a prevalence of dogs in the thoroughfares, generally asleep and everywhere, so that the pedestrian or donkey must keep a constant lookout in order to avoid stepping upon these half-starved creatures. "The lower bridge, from Galatea to Stamboul, across the Golden Horn, is a wonderful thoroughfare, and 'all creation' seems to take its course over it, while the Government's servants stand with outstretched hands to receive the requisite piaster for the privilege of walking over the rough boards. If you desire to take steamer to Scutari, or to points along the Golden Horn, you must pay tribute to this bridge to reach the boat. "We rode the extent of the Golden Horn and return, and saw the Gov- ernment shipyards and several ironclads, etc., and also walked to the Turkish burying ground in that vicinity. Of all the deplorable looking places on earth a Turkish burying ground is among the worst. "In the streets of Constantinople are to be seen every imaginable style of face and costumes, excepting Chinese and Japanese, of which I saw none. "If a person could make the trip of the Bosphorus, and avail himself as we did of a position on the summit of a mountainous elevation on the Asiatic side, taking in a grand view of this great city and its surroundings, and then return to civilization, he would carry away a happier impression of the attractions of Constantinople than he can possibly do if he once enters the city." Residences of Mohammedans had their windows provided with latticed screening, so that the faces of women inside could not be seen by outsiders, and Mohammedan women appearing on the streets, in traveling, etc., had the lower portions of their faces covered by a form of veil, known as a yashmak,' to protect their features from observation. In crossing the great bridge between Stamboul and Galatea we passed 276 a horse or donkey bearing on his back a long piece of timber, of joist form, the ends reaching far beyond his head and tail. On the slope from Galatea to Para we saw men carrying a boiler of large proportions, and men with great boxes of merchandise upon a platform equipment upon their backs. There was a distinct absence of wheeled facilities. Occasion- ally a peddler of water, calling out "aqua," was met on the street, his stock being conveyed on the back of a donkey or horse. These and many more sights novel to persons from western countries were matters of interest, and of memory at long range. But the pictures of the region and its wonderful combination, impressive to the observing visitor from the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus, from the American cemetery grounds and from the high elevation above Scutari, constituted the greater feature of gratifica- tion in memory's store. On the return trip I had a momentary fright at the Varna landing. On reaching there from the steamer I asked the conductor of the train on the track how long it would be before starting, and was told that it would be an hour. Leaving my things in one of the cars I strolled away to secure some shells, on the beach. It was not many minutes until I heard the en- gine give its toot, which I knew was its starting signal. I made a rush for the track, and saw the train moving away. My actions were fortunately observed by a person on the rear platform, resulting in a stop of the train until I got aboard. As through trains made trips only twice a week, and I was in a houseless, swampy region, my thoughts were quickly and fast in the form of concern as to what I could do in such a dilemma. But when the train was seen to be stopping there was an indescribable sense of re- lief. I learned from the conductor that the "start" was supposed to mean from the Varna station, some miles away from the seashore. The ride back toward a higher degree of civilization had various fea- tures of peculiar interest. The movement of the through trains, both ways, was arranged so that a stop over night at Bucharest occurred. From that city to Vienna was a long ride — all day, all night, and a forenoon. In the hotel bed at Bucharest it was impossible to secure sleep until rising and shaking the fleas from the sheets, then wrapping one of them closely about myself, to defeat their attacks. In the compartment in which I was located from Bucharest to Buda Pesth were two other persons — a man well along in years and a young woman, destined to London. The man was a lively character, escorting the young woman homeward from a point in Russia, where from expres- sions heard I inferred that her father was conducting an important en- gineering work. The frequent mentionings of "Sir Charles" which I heard impressed me with the belief that he was the father of the young lady. On my becoming located in the compartment with these people, a young Greek, a scholarly fellow, master of English, put in an appearance, before the starting of the train at Bucharest, evidently wishing to secure the place I occupied, for he displayed great interest in the young woman, avail- ing himself of opportunities for seeing her and conversing at train stop- ping places. I afterward regretted that my indisposition to quiz persons with whom I came into contact had prevented securing more of knowledge of these interesting and intelligent people. The young woman was com- municative, and solicited from me many observations relating to our country. 277 From Buda Pesth to Vienna an Englishman and his wife shared the compartment with me, and were sociable and agreeable. The scenery from Prague to Dresden, the railroad being mostly along the River Elbe, was picturesque and pleasing. In the car compartment in which I was situated was an Englishman and wife. The man asked to see a Baedeker guide book at my side. He inquired as to where I had traveled. He asked how long I was in Rome. Three days. "You could not have seen much in Rome in three days." I recited the points of interest com- passed by my movements and observations there, whereupon he remarked: "Well, I don't think much escaped you. We were there more than two weeks, and you appear to have seen all that we did, and more.'' At Dresden I met at the hotel where I stopped a young man who in- troduced himself to me, on learning that I was from Cincinnati, the home of his uncle, then owner of the Dennison House, whom I well knew, and who was maintaining the young man in his health-seeking — spending win- ters in the South of France, and summers in the northern cities, such as Dresden and Hamburg. He was just starting out for a ride when we came together, and on his invitation I entered the carriage with him. He made my visit there an interesting and enjoyable one. I afterward learned from his uncle that this fine young man did not survive long after my visit at Dresden. Arriving at Berlin near midnight I left an order at the hotel office for a guide, for 8 o'clock in the morning. The guide who came was a German Jew, a cultured man, who acted in various capacities in connection with civil aflfairs, and when not engaged in some service offered himself as guide for visitors. I told him that I wanted to see what I could of Berlin, by quick outward movements, without attention to interior matters of interest, and also wanted to make the trip to Potsdam, and I proposed to depart that evening for Hamburg. The man was startled with what was proposed. A carriage was immediately procured. Late in the forenoon we entered a train for Potsdam, and in half an hour were at this place of historic inter- est. The return to Berlin was in time to take further rides in observations in that great city. When I settled with the guide he said that I was the first person in his experience who knew what he wanted in such matters and how to proceed in securing it. At Hamburg I found an attractive city. One of the subscribers of my paper there took me on an extensive ride, in which was included Altona. The Hamburg Exchange, in a large and fine building, brought together a wonderful number of persons at its daily meetings, reaching several thousands. Its features are matters of special interest. Bremen was not so large a place as Hamburg, but had many pleasing features. Its Exchange was in a fine building, and there was a large at- tendance. Some readers of my paper gave me attentions that were much appreciated. The trip thence was to Paris, where my time was actively occupied for several days in seeing many of the objects of attraction of this great city, notable for its cosmopolitan characteristics. The artist, the scholar and the person of social ambition, come here for the privileges and opportuni- ties which distinguish this city. In my movements visits were made to St. Cloud, Versailles, and Sevres — with a trip on the Seine. An incident at Paris when in one of the galleries of the Louvre interested me. I had not 278 met an American since my visit to the American Consulate in Constanti- nople, where I was greeted by Consul Heaps, and while at the consulate General Lew Wallace, the U. S. Minister to Turkey at that time, came in. In the Louvre gallery I observed a man and a little boy enter the room. Soon the child came running across the room to me, and said: "Say, mister, are you an American?" "Why, my dear boy, what made you think I was?" "My papa told me." So I returned with the child to his father, whom I found to be from Ohio, a noted painter, then in Paris under commission from one of Ohio's wealthy and public spirited men. This artist was a Mr. Uhl, of Springfield, Ohio, where he was notable as a portrait painter. He invited me to visit him at his Paris studio, but I could not do so. While at Paris I made a trip to Fontainebleau, forty miles away, and had an interesting experience. Realizing that it was Saturday, and that no arrangement had been made for securing my mail at Paris, I wrote 3 telegram to my hotel asking that the mail be procured before the bank closed. At the station I was told that it would go forward by the next train for Paris. The hotel messenger was at the bank just at its closing time. In the mail was a telegram from Liverpool, sent to Vienna and forwarded to Paris by mail, advising that the sailing date of the ship on which my return passage was engaged was changed to three days earlier than previously announced. This necessitated my departure from Paris not later than the next evening, which was Sunday. I had sent personal parcels from different points to Paris, and the effort, with my guide and cabman, to obtain them from the customs offices on Sunday was truly an experience of tedious and trying nature, attended with occasion for distri- bution of various "tips." In the morning after the departure from Paris I was at Dover, and soon at London. After procuring a satchel I had left at the hotel there, on starting for the Continent, I was soon aboard a train for Liverpool, ar- riving late on Monday. Places of business of the provision trade were closed, as a mark of respect to the memory of President Garfield, whose funeral occurred on that day. The next forenoon a call was made on some of the business men, and I received an invitation to be present at a recep- tion and dinner in my honor at the Reform Club at 2 o'clock. In a refer- ence to this in my paper, on reaching home, are these personal expressions: "I need not say that the complimentary dinner tendered to me on that oc- casion was a most gratifying aflfair, both personally and as to one recog- nized as a representative of the provision trade of the United States. . . Perhaps I may be excused for adding the words expressed to me by one of the leading men in the trade at Liverpool, that the testimonial was the most significant one ever bestowed upon a business man from the United States by the business men of Liverpool." In my paper particular attention was given to the provision trade in- terests, statistical and otherwise, in a manner not attempted by any other publication, which, with its grain trade and crop information, invited and secured a large list of readers in European markets. The return ocean voyage was attended with rough seas and gales and progress retarded, so that it took thirteen days from Liverpool to Phila- delphia, instead of the usual eleven days. My freedom from seasickness made the experiences in the disturbed waters peculiarly interesting. Ac- cording to the ship's log-book the record indicated a "hard gale," only one 279 point short of "hurricane"' in such reckoning. The ship's oflScers called it the most severe gale they had been overtaken with in a period of several years. It was indeed a grand sight to one entertaining no feeling but that of complete security, to look upon the succession of immense swells, and the rolling and breaking of the high waves, among which the great ship seemed to be a comparatively small afiair. Many and many times the waves leaped over the decks and in one instance completely submerged me, much to my consternation, in my high position on the upper deck. This drove me to my cabin quarters. The list of cabin passengers was small, but there were about five hun- dred steerage passengers. In the reference in my paper to my return trip from Liverpool appeared these expressions: "It was interesting to see the varied but bright countenances of these decently clad persons, coming with their muscles and their hearts to increase the material capital and promote the growing prosperity of our country. Many of these persons were from England, some from Ireland, and a large part from various sections of the Continent, including Germany, Russia, Sweden, etc." From further expressions m my paper the following is here copied: "As our steamer pursued its course up the Delaware River toward its pier at Philadelphia, I could hardly realize that it had been just four months that day since embarkation from that spot. It had been the longest period of recreation the writer had ever experienced, and he had incorporated more of 'work* perhaps into this season of recreation than had been con- templated by those friends who urged such a privilege upon him. . . Approaching the close of the long series of journeyings, and all having gone well with me, I felt that the 'genius of good luck* had guided and guarded me in my movements. I watched with delight the exhibitions of interest upon the contenances of these hundreds of people who were look- ing for the first time upon our land, and was very glad that it was a bright day. Indeed, I experienced no inconsiderable amount of pleasure at the sight of this land for myself, for it implied that I would in a very brief time have opportunity for an exchange of greetings with the dear ones at home, my motherless children. . . Upon the tug boat which brought the customs officers to our ship I discovered the face of a most dear friend, and soon received from him some letters which were awaiting my arrival. And then he said he had some sorrowful news for me. One of my children, a son eleven years of age, had been accidently shot three days previously, the ball entering at a point between the left eye and the nose, lodging beyond reach of the surgeon's instruments, and producing a dangerous wound. A later telegraphic dispatch, responding to my inquiry, told me there was 'no immediate danger' in the case. This implied that there was danger as to ultimate results, and it was with a sickened and sorrowing heart that I counted the hours necessary to reach the bedside of this cherished child, eight hundred miles distant, and endured their seemingly slow progress." In the closing of these references in my paper was this: "As a matter of interest to my personal friends I may perhaps be permitted to say in this connection that while in Philadelphia I was informed that the mem- bers of the provision trade there had planned for me a pleasant greeting. Invitation cards had been issued bearing the following: "Complimentary Dinner to Charles B. Murray, Esq., Editor and Proprietor of the Cincin- 28o nati Price Current, by the Pork Packers and Provision Merchants of Philadelphia, Wednesday Evening, October 12, at 7 o'clock. Committee— J. H. Michener, W. S. Harvey, E. C. Chesebrough.' The accident referred to precluded the fulfillment of these plans." Thus ends the story of my four months of travel, sight-seeing, and recreation, undertaken under the circumstances narrated in the beginning of the account. Elsewhere in this record will be introduced some references to the reception given me by business men at Liverpool, just before starting on the return voyage trip. Referring to the accident to my young son, herein mentioned, it is proper to say that he survived the ordeal, and is at this time a pretty hearty man — carrying inside of his skull a rough bullet made from a piece of lead by hammering into shape, and accidentally discharged from a pistol by a playmate, as stated, over thirty-three years ago. The trip to Europe in 1906, under circumstances mentioned elsewhere in this narration, was by the Cunard liner Umbria, which sailed from New York July 14, reaching Queenstown Harbor Sunday morning at 3 o'clock, July 22 — at which time we passed to a tender, and to the Queen's Hotel — myself, wife, and daughter Corinne. Two days of the voyage gave us rough seas, but neither of us experienced seasickness. Cloudiness attended the trip most of the time, and on nearing the British coast the fog was so dense as to occasion the ship to slow down in speed, and several times to come to a stop. Such conditions of fog are dismal experiences. We made a brief tarry at Queenstown, visiting the interesting sur- roundings — which tourists generally fail to do, and make a mistake thereby. While there is not much at Queenstown for the visitor, what there is represents compensation to the tarrying observer. There were no street cars — the grades, and narrowness of space between the slopes and the harbor line cutting out such opportunities. An early morning stroll brought into view a novel sight at the great church on the hillside, where the donkey milk carts in large numbers awaited the return of their drivers from their devotions. On leaving the steamer for the harbor tender we were handed mail awaiting our arrival, among which was an autograph letter from Samuel Kingan, of Belfast, with invitation to be his guests, at his home at Bangor, fourteen miles distant from Belfast, along the shore of Belfast Lough, the entrance from the Irish Sea — a restful place, provided with a great extent of attractive features such as wealth and taste can create. This estate was secured from Lord Dufferin, the improvements there being made by him for the purpose of securing a quiet and restful home for his mother. The possession included 170 acres of land — considerable part under culture. We were at Belfast immediately prior to the dedication of the splendid new City Buildings, at which the British King was to appear in the ceremonies. Through the courtesy of the Right Honorable Thomas Sin- clair, of the Privy Council, we had the privilege of entrance to and in- spection of the great structure. On leaving Queenstown we proceeded to the city of Cork, passing through the city from the railroad terminal by carriage to a distant sta- tion, for a trip by way of Glengarrifif to the Killarney Lakes. Getting my 28l wife and daughter aboard the train I stepped to the ticket seller, and before transactions there were completed the train began to move, giving the wife and daughter sensations of unexpected and disturbing nature — but the train was halted, and we proceeded to Macroom — thence by carriage about 40 miles to Glengarriff. In the start from Macroom we found the regular vehicle for passengers fully occupied by an excursion party of young people, and we were placed in a supplementary carriage, for the early part of the day's journey. In the vicinity of Inchigeela our carriage took aboard the parish priest, who came out from a dispensary, having sent his own vehicle homeward. He was delightful company. A stop was made at Gougane-Barra, where the small lake and surrounding mountain and other views make a very interesting combination for observation. The lake is about a mile long, the mountain rising 1,700 to 1,800 feet in ele- vation. According to tradition St. Patrick after banishing the reptiles from the country, overlooked one hideous monster, a winged dragon, which desolated the adjacent country, and power was conferred on a holy man, Fincen Bar, to drown the monster in Gougane Lake, on condition of erecting a church where its waters met the tide — which was at Cork, the argeement being fulfilled by founding the cathedral now there. The course further was through the Pass of Keimaneigh, said to be "one of the finest and most savage of the ravines of Southern Ireland." Glengarriff is at the head of Bantry Bay, and has been designated as "the brightest and most beautiful spot in County Cork." We very much en- joyed the attractive features we found there. We stopped at Roche's Hotel, where floated an American flag, the property being under American ownership. From Glengarriff the course was soon up into the moui^^ains by a steep climb with interesting outlooks, and at the height reached the roadway passed through a tunnel 600 feet in length, then descended to valleys be- low, with pleasing views in many directions. From Kenmare, at the head of Kenmare Bay, there was soon an ascent to the Windy Gap, and beyond a descending and winding course, with enchanting views of mountain and forest scenery and. lakes. We were destined to the Royal Victoria Hotel, near Lake Leane. From there we had rides to Ross Castle, Muckross Abbey, etc., in that vicinity. Then we proceeded to Dublin, and to Belfast, and thence across the North Channel to Androssan, and by rail to Glasgow. Here we proceeded to Balloch, for the Loch Lomond trip to Inversnaid, thence through the Trossachs to Callender and to Edinburgh. The soaking which was experienced in the trip through the Trossachs, in conveyances without covering, was a repetition of what occurred to me in that trip in 1881. We felt that tourists should omit this trip until protection should be provided against such experiences, by provision of appropriate convey- ances — finding satisfaction in the pleasing trip of the lake. After the peculiarly interesting features of Edinburg were commanded we proceeded to Liverpool, thence to Chester, and to Llandudno, on a bay of the Irish Sea, the most fashionable of Welsh watering places, fascinating in its attractions. We made various trips hence to points of interest in that region of North Wales — including Conway, Bettws-y-Coed, Llanberis by way of Carnarvon, the summit of Snowdon Mountain, etc. — all pleasurable and highly interesting. On the return trip from Bettws-y- Coed we made a stop at Llanwrst, for a ride by private conveyance to 282 Trefriw, to secure observation of the fine home of Frederick Kitchen, in a somewhat secluded situation, overlooking the valley of the Conway River and its attractive surroundings, and where for many years before his death he received the Price Current. He was a distinguished merchant of Liverpool, and a man of wealth and culture. He favored me with a call at the Price Current office many years previously. He had earlier arranged through me for an investment in an American enterprise. On leaving North Wales we directed our course toward London, visiting intermediate points, including Leamington, Stratford-on-Avon, Kenilworth, and Warwick Castle. At London the extent of our outdoor movements gave us a good conception of the greatness in extent of that wonderful city. These experiences were repeated at Paris, incident to the several days of privilege there. Thence we proceeded to Switzerland. In a letter sent home from Bern, Switzerland, were these expressions: "It cannot do much violence to other portions of the earth which are marked on the maps as cities, and that are regarded as fine to look upon, from the standpoint of street appearances, architectural features of structures, charm of the topographical situation and surroundings, and the general aggregation of features of a place entitling it to special considera- tion, to say that the Swiss city of Bern stands at the very front in the list of the earth's finest of cities." Our hotel quarters at Interlachen were particularly favorable — and the location is a highly desirable one for the facilities for reaching the various places of commanding interest in that part of Switzerland. We made the trips to Scheinige Platte, to Grindelwald, etc. The Grindelwald trip had many features of striking interest. Surrounding this high valley are gigantic mountains, the Wetterhorn, the Eiger, and the Mettenberg. In the Upper Grindelwald Glacier an "ice grotto" had been cut, into which we entered. From our hotel rooms at Interlachen we had a fine view of the Jungfrau, then reached by rail — but we did not undertake this trip. Departure from Interlachen was by way of Lake Brienz, and to Meiringen. Here we visited the Falls of Reichenbach — an effort that was not particularly compensating. But the marvelous gorge of the Aare was an object of notable interest. Proceeding by hired conveyance for a trip over the Grimsel and Furka passes we did not reach the Grimsel Hospice until 9 o'clock in the evening, owing to lateness of the start from Meiringen. This point is at an elevation of 6,000 feet. Before darkness interfered we had charming views, which this trip discloses. The next morning we passed up the zigzag course to a point 2,000 feet higher in elevation, and soon had a view of the Rhone Valley, far below, sloping toward which was the great Rhone Glacier, which we later reached after crossing the valley and going far upward, over the winding course. We entered the ice grotto, or tunnel, cut into the solid ice of the glacier, with here and there crevices and openings in the ice, fairly fright/ul to look into. The stopping point of the Furka Pass was 8,000 feet in elevation, from which the course was soon downward, with windings and descent until Andermatt was reached, through which we passed along the gorges leading further downward to Goschenen, the northern end of the Gotthard railroad tunnel, and thence by train to Lucerne. While at Lucerne we made the trip to the Rigi Summit — 4,500 feet above the lake level. Atmospheric conditions were favorable. We did 283 not undertake the trip to Mount Pilatus — partly governed by the cloudy conditions which arose. In coming down the Rigi mountain I had occasion to resort to my little bottle of spirits of ammonia, but failed in my effort to remove the metal cap over the cork. My wife, sitting opposite, also tried, and failed, as was also the effort of the daughter. Our actions at- tracted the attention of a man at the other side of the car, who volunteered the suggestion that he might be able to open it. My wife remarked that it was a bottle of ammonia, when the man who had spoken was heard to say to his companion, facing him on the opposite seat, "I never heard it called by that name," apparently assuming that the small bottle was loaded with a stimulant. It was passed to him, and was opened, whereupon he elevated it at once to his nose, with a result that produced a decided sur- prise and a great laugh among the observing passengers. We had mteresting rides and observations at Lucerne, notwithstanding my weakness. We proceeded thence by rail to Zurich, the largest city in Switzerland. Incident to our carriage rides there, we called upon a soap manufacturer, with a large plant, who was a subscriber of the Price Cur- rent, and who gave us attentions which we much appreciated. The next stop was at Basle, wliere calls were also made upon Price Current sub- scribers. This city afforded very enjoyable privileges of observation. At Paris we again secured acceptable quarters in the hotel where we had previously stopped, enroute to Switzerland, and a great line of ob- jects of interest were added to the earlier observations, and which are deemed unnecessary to mention in detail in this connection. From there we returned to London, and to Liverpool, for the steamer homeward, bound for Philadelphia, where we landed on September 16. In a brief expression in the Price Current of September 20, I said: "Myself, wife and daughter are privileged to report complete freedom from seasickness, on these voyages, which we had reason to know put us in the list of favored ones, shared by seemingly less than half the number of passengers. Under con- ditions of no physical inconvenience therefrom the high degree of turbu- lence of the ocean was a feature of interest and of actual enjoyment. And we had quite a liberal proportion of such ' opportunities. Commander Briggs, now retired from the United States naval service, who was one of the passengers from Liverpool to Philadelphia, said that in six years of ex- perience on the Pacific ocean he had not seen as rough seas as we ex- perienced on this trip." In our first arrival at Liverpool, from Scotland, I was advised of ar- rangements that had been made for a luncheon and a reception for me at the Reform Club, by members of the provision and grain trades, and I was the recipient of such attentions, as mentioned elsewhere in this narra- tion, with some detail. ■While at Liverpool, with my wife and daughter, we had enjoyable visits with the families of the elder and the younger John Hargreaves, at Rock Ferry, which I think is a southern section of Birkenhead, across the Mersey from Liverpool. Mr. John Hargreaves gave us extensive carriage rides, with opportunities for observation, including the notable industrial plants and the hundreds of attractive buildings for homes of employes at Port Sunlight, where are the great establishments of Lever Brothers, Limited — under the operation of Mr. W. H. Lever, M. P.— representing an enterprise of remarkable shaping and proportions. 284 THE ENDING OF JOURNALISTIC WORK. Incident to my announcements late in 1912 of arrangements for retir- ing from publication of the Cincinnati Price Current, at the close of the year, I received numerous complimentary and gratifying expressions from readers of the paper, from which some are here copied, mostly of dates in December, 1912, and January, 1913: Cincinnati, Ohio. — You know already my admiration for the high plane on which the Price Current has always been conducted. I have always regarded it as one of the institutions of which Cincinnati could be proud, as standing for the very best without regard for conditions of profit. All the world has recognized this, and it must be a great pleasure to carry into your retirement the knowledge of such unanimous approval of your work. I am only one of those who have known you so long that he feels at liberty to give this feeling personal expression, and to wish you many years of honorable ease. — W. W. Taylor. (President Rookwood Pottery, Creator of Decorative Art Work.) Cincinnati, Ohio. — In opening this week's Price Current I am con- fronted with the news that it is to be your last publication. While I regret to see that it is to pass out of your hands, yet I feel it is what fs due to you, after the many years of hard service you have given to this work. It must be especially gratifying to you, as it is to your many friends, to look back to the good work which you have done, al- ways advocating and maintaining the highest ideals in the business and commercial world. I congratulate you upon this long and honorable career just closed. — Casper H. Rowe. (Vice-President Market National Bank, and prominent in directing affairs of The Fleischmann Company.) New York, N. Y. — I received your special announcement this morning, both with congratulations and with a tenderness of heart which bespeaks that you and I are akin. You have fought a good fight, you have done a fine work along your chosen line, and you are worthy of the congratula- tions of all appreciative men. . It goes to my heart that so fine a work as you have done in commercial journalism, through all these years, should not earn its golden reward, but unfortunately that is not an un- usual experience. I wish you, in spite of this misfortune, a happy heart. If I could be a next door neighbor to you, and in some way minister to your comfort, it would delight me greatly. I do not know just how it has come about, for we have never seen each other face to face, but I must sign this. Yours with sincere affection— Frank A. Ferris. (Curer of "Ferris Hams,'' etc., Mott Street.) Liverpool, England. — I notice your precious paper is to be affiliated with another, but if the two have to succeed and maintain the confidence of the world of grain and provisions, the spirit, principles and general tone and mode of the venerated yet ever young Cincinnati Price Current must not be departed from. — John Hargreaves. (Prominent in the Provi- sion Trade for over half a century.) 285 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. — Charles B. Murray, as editor and proprietor of the Cincinnati Price Current, has always sought to find and state facts, unbiased by the opinions of others and unmoved by the clamor of specu- lators with whose interests his information and opinions did not coin- cide. His conscientious work has been recognized everywhere. Now the weight of years compels him to retire, and he may lay down his pen with the consciousness of having done his work honestly and well — which after all is the highest reward that can come to any man. — National Stockman and Farmer. Cincinnati, Ohio. — We can unite in regrets that age and infirmities will rob us of the services of such men as Charles B. Murray, for forty-one years editor of the Cincinnati Price Current, and many years Superinten- dent of our Chamber of Commerce. — Editorial item, Cincinnati Enquirer. Chicago, Illinois. — It is with mingled feelings that I realize that you are not continuing the paper that for over thirty years has been a wel- come and informing visitor to my desk. But I also realize that because of your at times feeble health you have done the best thing possible. Permit me to wish you good health to enjoy the rest you have so well earned, and I wish you many years of happy usefulness. — Walter C. Hately. (Ex- porter of American Products.) Wilmington, North Carolina. — It makes me feel blue to read your "part- ing words." I have never had the pleasure of meeting you, but I have never heard anyone speak of you but in the highest terms. Your paper has inspired thousands to nobler works. — W. B. Cooper. (President, W. B. Cooper Company, Wholesale Grocers.) Chicago, Illinois. — Your holiday greetings were duly received, and I now have your "parting words" in the Price Current, with a splendid pic- ture of you at the head. I appreciate fully the expressions in your greet- ings. They are symbolical of you and of the fortitude and courage that you have shown in doing that which you have conceived to be both your duty and your work, under conditions that would have discouraged those with a less stout heart and a mind less cheerful and optimistic. — Frank Kinsey. (President American Key Can Company.) Mohonk Lake, Ulster County, New York. — May we add our congratu- lations to the many tributes of friends, on your well rounded life of good works, and our good wishes for the future? It is the belief of your friends at Mohonk that although you have just begun a much deserved re- laxation from active labors, your influence and interest in all good work cannot but continue. — H. C. Phillips. (Secretary Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration.) New Orleans, Louisiana. — We note that you are terminating your con- nection with the Price Current. Please accept our best wishes for a full measure of happiness and contentment during the coming years. — W. E. Jervey. (District Manager, The Southern Cotton Oil Company.) Cincinnati, Ohio. — It must be a great satisfaction to you to know that while through force of circumstances you have been compelled to sur- render the active personal work you have so long rendered, you will have the pleasure of knowing that you have made your paper famous and notable for its characteristic policy. — Margaret A. Daly. (Chamber of Commerce Official Service.) Washington, D. C. — Your long and valuable services to commerce and 286 the statistical world entitles you to respect and affection from those of us who know your work.— O. P. Austin. (Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce.) Polk, Nebraska. — I assure you of my interest in the unique position of honor which you occupy among men. We take pleasure in merited respect shown to our brothers, though they are far away and will never be inti- mately known. It is an inspiration to good work that faithful effort and honest purpose get some share of the busy world's recognition — some trib- ute of esteem that can be cherished during the quiet days of advancing age. — M. F. Smith. Glasgow, Scotland. — It is with deepest regret we have noticed that your health has been failing, and now we have the intimation in the Price Current that you have terminated the editorship of the journal with which your name has been so' long and so honorably associated. As old sub- scribers and regular readers of the Cincinnati Price Current, we take this opportunity of expressing to you how much we have valued the informa- tion you so carefully collected and published. We always looked upon your reports as most useful and reliable. — Dempster, Peterson & Co. (Importers of American Produce.) Hull, England. — I am sorry your health has not permitted you to con- tinue the Price Current, but hope that you have still a few years to en- joy your well-earned rest. The large number of years that my late father and myself have taken your paper has made the contents matter like A B C. — R. A. Noble. (Importer of American Produce.) Glasgow, Scotland. — We take this opportunity of expressing our ap- preciation of the services you have rendered to the trade generally, and we hope your health may be so far maintained as to enable you to enjoy your well-earned rest. — Herbertson & Hamilton. (Importers of American Pro- duce.) South Omaha, Nebraska. — -We are interested here in your publication, and appreciate the high standard at which it has been maintained, and wish you the greatest possible success. — J. A. Shoemaker. (Traffic Manager, Stockyards Company.) Pittston, Pennsylvania. — After reading your announcement in the cur- rent issue of the Price Current the writer wishes to intrude himself upon your notice to the extent of expressing his sorrow for your retirement from the field so well and ably filled, and to hope that the rest from active busi- ness may restore to you at least a sufficient measure of health to insure to you the comfort and enjoyment of many years to come. The firm with which the writer is connected has been on your mailing list of subscribers continuously since the firm's establishment in 1866. — J. W. Wheeler. (Manager for Ross & Co.) Cincinnati, Ohio. — It is with a feeling of regret, and at the same time of satisfaction, that I read in your issue of November 21 your special an- nouncement to the effect that the Price Current will not continue to be published by you after the close of this year. I have always felt that Cin- cinnati people have owed to you a peculiar obligation on account of the na- ture of your work among us for so many years, and I have taken advantage of many opportunities to express publicly and otherwise my feelings in this connection. You can always feel that your friends in Cincinnati will be actively your friends, although you may yourself have retired from the 287 active work with which you have been so long connected. — Walter A. Draper. (President Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, Vice-President Cincinnati Traction Company.) Chicago, Illinois. — I am very glad to have been fortunate enough to have been one of your acquaintances and friends, and was very sorry to see that you thought it best to lay down your duties with the Price Current. It ought to be a good deal of satisfaction to you to know that the world is a whole lot better for having you in it, and the work you have done has been along the lines of progress and uplift. — H. A. Foss. (Chief Weighmaster, Chicago Board of Trade.) Columbia, Missouri. — As I have been for some years a reader of your paper, and always appreciated it, I am sorry to realize that you are turn- ing over the paper to other hands. You have been of real service in your field, and as a reward I hope that you shall regain your health suificiently at least to enjoy many years of happiness. — W. J. Calvert. (Of University of Missouri.) In an editorial of the Manufacturers' Record, Baltimore, January 16, 1913, under the caption, "Two Veterans of Vigor," appeared the following: The new year marked the close of immediate activity in their respective fields of two men whose names will always be identified with the history of industrial statistics in the United States — Charles B. Murray, who re- tired from the ownership of the Cincinnati Price Current, with which he had been connected for 40 years, and James M. Swank, who retired from the American Iron and Steel Association coincidently with the associa- tion's giving place to the American Iron and Steel Institute, as the statis- tical authority in the iron and steel trade. Mr. Murray made the Price Current the journalistic authority on the grain trade and allied interests, his policy having been to publish well-authenticated facts and current in- formation rather than personal opinion, and, in addition, was active for 20 years as the Superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. . . Each of these veterans was persuaded to write a brief summary of their 40 years' connection with their respective business, and those summaries are so interesting as to lead to the hope that each of the writers may be given years of vigor in which to elaborate them into volumes that cannot fail to be important contributions to the history of the material progress of the United States. Philadelphia, Penn. — I note you have made sale of the Price Current. A multitude of men will cherish a high appreciation of your splendid and valuable work, that in many instances has been largely instrumental in the successful issue of business. The approval of your own good conscience is after all the greatest reward you can have. Your whole life has been one so consistently conscientious and so devoted to the truth, and the right, that it has been a beacon to light the path of others, and an example and inspiration for uprightness and high standards of commercial honor and integrity. There are many of us, if we tell the truth about it, who are indebted to you for helping us to be truer and better, and to take a broader and more comprehensive view of questions of national and international importance in connection with trade and commerce. We love you for your nobility of character and your unswerving devotion to the right and the truth as you knew and saw it. I know that in years past there have been notable instances where you have sacrificed opportunities for 288 fortunes that you could have made by using the information that you pos- sessed in advance of others, but would not for fear it would impair your impartial judgment. Many have made large sums of money as the result of the reliability of the statistical data and information you furnished. Your devotion to accuracy and reliability has been very largely instru- mental, through your personal efforts, in great improvement in the United States Government statistical work, especially in relation to the crop con- ditions and quantities, matters of the greatest importance to and affecting the values of crops throughout the entire world. I hope that for many more years you may continue to be the blessing and comfort and inspira- tion for high living and high ideals that you have always been, and for which men respect, esteem and love you. — William S. Harvey. (President Philadelphia Commercial Museum; prominent in various important enter- prises.) Lawrenceburg, Indiana. — You have long been a prominent figure in matters pertaining to commerce, and the many good things that you have done in the past will remain as monuments to your memory. G. H. Lewis. (President Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Co.) Portsmouth, Ohio. — On looking over the Price Current I note that you are about to retire from active connection with its publication. I write this to express to you my regrets that you think it necessary to retire from active work. — H. S. Grimes. (Prominent grain merchant, etc.) THE HERMIT THRUSH. Beside the maple's mossy foot The hermit thrush lies dead. Among the white anemones. Like tapers 'round its bed. Its downy breast of dappled gray. Its russet wings, are still. Its velvet throat will never more With heavenly music thrill. At evening's golden afterglow What happiness was mine To hear from out the leafy choir That evensong divine; So pure and sweet that other sounds Seemed hushed in silent prayer The while that matchless melody Filled all the listening air. — From Verses by Henry J. Sawe. 289 PRICE CURRENT TESTIMONIALS. In view of the fact that this assembling of material in record form is primarily for the purpose of making available to my posterity evidences of work on my part deemed worthy of commendation, and influential for the welfare of others, through the information presented in the issues of the Cincinnati Price Current, and notably relating to that to which my per- sonal efforts were devoted and applied, there is copied here quite a number of complimentary expressions received of various dates, presented without reference to the order of dates — some of which go back many years from the closing of such work on my part, being among those now available. Inasmuch as all of such commendatory expressions have been voluntarily made they have a special meaning to me. Many of the writers and con- cerns furnishing these testimonials have passed out of existence. The numerous expressions now copied reflect the prevailing tone of the many that are not included. While the paper was one specifically for business interests it found its way into various educational institutions. A considerable number of the colleges and universities of the country were on the Price Current's sub- scription list. Cornell University at one time ordered bound volumes cov- ering a period of ten years. A professor of economics in a Massachusetts college one summer, when visiting in Cincinnati, spent many days in the Price Current office, where he said he found the greatest fund of informa- tion in which he was interested in his experience. The Price Current had a liberal and widely distributed foreign subscription list. A high official of the United States Army in writing to the Editor of the Cincinnati Price Current from Headquarters of the Department of California, San Francisco, in 1897, in con-nection with forwarding his thirteenth yearly subscription said among other comments: While not interested in the trend of market prices I am, as all must be, deeply concerned in those things which make for good government and national prosperity. To secure these blessings integrity and high intelli- gence must characterize the business methods of our manufacturing and commercial communities. For years I have watched the course of your paper and admired its integrity of management in the interests of the public. Free from speculative interest in the great exchanges and con- cerned only in the reliable and useful quality of its information, your paper has been and is a splendid example of what a public journal should be. To me personally it has been the means of broadening my knowledge of the world's affairs, enlightened me upon matters of national interest, and this to an extent that prompts the wish that professional men generally could be induced to read your paper. Lawyers who would be statesmen, professors in and out of our universities who teach economics, and clergymen anxious to point the way to better social conditions, all need to have their wits sharpened upon the whetstone of experience found among the men who do the world's work. If they would recognize this need and act upon it, many of them would be saved from advocacy of misty theories and from 290 the just reproach, in too many instances, of being blind and dangerous guides. So much by way of preface to a wish I have entertained that you might find place in your paper for pointing out, in occasional paragraphs, the need of technical training schools. If we are to become a manufacturing people we must teach the young to be sure and skillful with hand and eye. Perhaps my temporary station on this coast, where a feeling of ap- prehension — based upon a sure instinct — of the coming competition with the "yellow man" is growing, has affected me also. Science is making of the great oceans mere inland lakes — and the human family is being drawn closer and closer together. If we are to hold our own we must be alive to the needs of the hour; if we are to lead we must begin now to make due preparation. In my opinion the business men of the country can do more than all the profes- sional men among us in the needed agitation for technical training schools. True your paper is not devoted to the manufacturing interests, but it reaches so many thinking men, that the hints it throws out upon questions of national concern carry great weight. . Wishing you abundant pros- perity, yours truly, S. W. Groesbeck. (Judge Advocate General, U. S. A.) From the New York Daily Indicator. — We find the forecast of crops by the Cincinnati Price Current so carefully prepared and of so reliable data, and its statistics so complete, that we would be quite at fault over western business matters without it. There is no journal in the West, or for that matter in the country, that exhibits the enterprise of the Price Current in obtaining reliable crop reports and publishing statistics of the grain and provision trades. From the Iowa State Register. — The Cincinnati Price Current is the most reliable paper published to gather up the statistics of the productive industries of the country. From Trafton's Commercial Trade List, New York City. — Brilliantly conducted, the Cincinnati Price Current is without a peer in the commer- cial world of North America. From the San Francisco Commercial Herald. — Among our most valued exchanges is the Cincinnati Price Current, an able, faithful and reliable ex- positor of the business interests of that thriving interior city. Its columns contain multiplied evidences of industry, ability, and honest devotion to the best interests of its section of the country, as well as an enlarged view of business generally throughout the Union. From the Baltimore Journal of Commerce. — The Cincinnati Price Cur- rent, one of the most careful and deserving commercial papers, came to us week before last with a very valuable and full statement of the trade of that city. We have the experience to know that the Price Current is held in very high esteem along the Atlantic coast, and is treated with especial respect by the provision trade. From the Indianapolis Sentinel. — The Cincinnati Price Current is a most careful and thorough searcher of facts. From the Peoria Commercial Report. — We always look with interest for the weekly advent of this notably enterprising, ably edited and re- liable commercial paper. From the Kansas City Price Current. — The Cincinnati Price Current, the leading commercial paper of the West, one that is not theoretical but 291 practical, whose statements can be implicitly relied upon, in the issue of August 20 published over eight columns (folio sheet) of solid nonpareil type, giving information in reference to crops of the West. From a private letter to the Editor of the Price Current from a large importer at Hamburg, Germany. — Having been a subscriber of your highly esteemed paper for a number of years, I beg leave to assure you that your paper is appreciated by our commercial community, not only for the extensive valuable information it affords to the trade, but still more for the indefatigable efforts it is making in helping truth to come out. It is a matter of rejoicing to observe that your paper has always taken its posi- tion on the side of truth; has always exerted itself to find the truth, and to help your readers to discover the truth as quickly as possible.^ — Nov., 1883. From a prominent merchant at Boston, long a subscriber of the Price Current, writing in October, 1906 — The Price Current continues to be as it has heretofore been, "authority," and we could hardly do without it. I have noticed the report of your excursion aboard, and congratulate you on having had an outing that you yourself have enjoyed and also the readers of the Price Current. From Judge John M. Vanmeter, Chillicothe, Ohio, a Price Current sub- scriber for a long period. — No other money I spend gives so large returns as my annual subscription to the Price Current, and the Statistical Annual contains more information of vital import to the business man than can be found in any other publication of four times its number of pages. — 1897. From B. Lanier, Nashville, Tenn. — Our people have for years studied your well-considered articles and statistical tables, on grain and provis- ions, and have learned to think you singularly free from errors that usually creep into literature of this character. We attribute this to the fact, as we believe, that the only axe you have to grind is to give solid facts and sound deductions therefrom. From E. B. Owens, Baltimore. — I am very glad to note the uniform accuracy of your estimates as to wheat, corn, provisions, etc. On 'Change there is now a general inquiry for the Price Current, to note your com- ments on the situation. From J. W. Bones, Rome, Ga. — As a miller, having to buy large quan- tities of grain, the Cincinnati Price Current has been of great service to me. From Jacob H. Franklin & Sons, Lynchburg, Va. — We value the Cin- cinnati Price Current very highly, not only for the valuable and reliable information about the crops, grain supplies, hogs, hog product, etc., but for the fearless manner in which it attacks corruption in high places, and unfair dealing generally, and its sound views upon questions concerning the prosperity of the business of the country. From Thomas Quinn & Co., Invercargill, New Zealand. — In sending our annual subscription we have pleasure in testifying to the clear and lucid manner in which your paper is conducted, and to the value of the varied statistics and information contained in it. From Johnston, Miles & Co., Cardiff, South Wales. — For years past we have been carefully watching the information recorded in your valuable paper, and our experience is that it is of very great value to those in the provision trade. We have been receiving many other American papers, but find none of them to come up to yours for solid information. From Abrm. Hodgson & Sons, New York, N. Y. — After a steady perusal 292 of the Cincinnati Price Current for many years we consider the subscription to it a most satisfactory investment. From D. L. Gore, Wilmington, N. C. — Every grocery merchant and especially every wholesale grocery merchant, and every provision, grain, hay and flour dealer should take the Cincinnati Price Current, as well as every up to date farmer who makes corn, wheat and meat to sell. — D. L. Gore. From C. E. Wood, Genesee, Idaho. — I find that five dollars invested in the Price Current as profitable an investment as I can make anytime during the year. From A. R. French, New York, N. Y. — The Cincinnati Price Current stands today at the very highest point among the commercial papers of the world. From Willard Parker & Co., Detroit, Mich. — We feel that it is no more than justice to you, and to ourselves, to say that we place a very high value on your paper. We wish every farmer could take it. A dealer in grain and provisions cannot safely do without it. From Gary & Raymond, Selma, Ala. — The information derived from the Cincinnati Price Current the past season saved us from serious loss on provisions. From W. R. Milner, Bristol, England. — I have much confidence in your valuable paper, and find it of great service to me in trading purposes. From A. G. Mauzy & Co., Rushville, Ind. — In the multiplicity of re- ports, statistics, etc., concerning crops, hog products, foreign crops, etc., time seems to prove yours nearer correct than all others of them, hence we like the conservative wait-for-facts policy of the Price Current. From Herman & Kayton, Savannah, Ga. — We are well pleased with the Cincinnati Price Current, and think it worth any price you choose to ask for it. From C. H. Rogers & Co., Macon, Ga. — We consider the Price Cur- rent in every sense the best paper for the commercial man published any- where. From E. S. Hulsey, Lynchburg, Va. — I place the highest estimate upon the Cincinnati Price Current and wish my subscription to continue in- definitely. From Fry & Company, Bristol, England. — We are much pleased with the Cincinnati Price Current, the information contained therein being of so reliable, practical and varied a nature. From Woodard & Morris, Norfolk, Va. — We have much pleasure in ex- pressing our high appreciation of the Cincinnati Price Current, which is invaluable to those engaged in the provision and flour business. We could not possibly dispense with it. From Arthur Donnelly, Lurgan, Ireland. — We wish you a long and successful career for your very useful paper, the Cincinnati Price Current. From Isaac Poad & Sons, York, England. — Your paper has been a great help to us. In a letter received in August, 1911, from a Boston merchant who had long been a subscriber of the Price Current, was an expression relating to his appreciation of the merit and value of information found in the paper, and that he "would willingly pay a hundred dollars a year for it rather than not have it." 293 From Ward & Co., Leeds, England.— We find the statistics of the Cin- cinnati Price Current very reliable, and should not like to be without it. From Matterson, O'Neil & Co., London. — We are much pleased with the information the Cincinnati Price Current always gives. From Martin Brothers, Chattanooga, Tenn. — We regard the Cincinnati Price Current as the best authority on provisions and grain, and all crop reports, and would not be without it. From Lamon, McNeill & Co., Bolton, Miss. — We consider the Price Cur- rent very valuable, as it contains reliable information not to be had from other sources. From C. C. Beeler, Jr., Clifton, Ind. (farmer). — For reliable news as to grain and hog crops the Price Current certainly stands at the head, and many farmers could make no better investment than in a year's subscrip- tion to it. From T. Follett Ware, Charleston, S. C.^We are so much pleased with the Price Current that we have induced the herein named three houses to try it for the ensuing year, and hope to add to the list. From Roberts & Co., Augusta, Ga. — We regard the Cincinnati Price Current a necessity, and the best weekly published in the United States. From Wilhoites & McAdams, Shelbyville, Tenn. — We find the Cincin- nati Price Current is indispensable in our business. We value its weekly visits more than our dailies. From John R. Turrentine, Wilmington, N. C. — The current of apprecia- tion of the Cincinnati Price Current grows stronger every day. We will renew our efforts to increase its circulation, and hope that ere long many other merchants may see the advantage to be derived therefrom. From John Reddy, Dublin, Ireland. — Your paper, the Cincinnati Price Current, is much prized by me. From Goossens & Von Rossem, Rotterdam, Holland. — We always read your paper, the Cincinnati Price Current, with great interest. From S. Boustead & Son, Carlisle, England. — We cannot afford to go without the statistics furnished by the Cincinnati Price Current. From W. L. Lyons & Co., Louisville, Ky. — We would feel at a great loss without the weekly visits of the Price Current. From A. Steinberg, New Bremen, Ohio. — I consider the Cincinnati Price Current the most reliable paper in the country. No produce dealer ought to be without it. From Lorick & Lowrance, Columbia, S. C. — The Cincinnati Price Cur- rent is looked for with more interest than any paper we get. We expect to continue as subscribers as long as you run it and we do business. From J. G. Schwander, Kirchberg, Switzerland. — Your esteemed paper, the Cincinnati Price Current, has met with our fullest approval. From O'Hanrahan Brothers, Kilkenny, Ireland. — We find much benefit and assistance from the information contained in the Cincinnati Price Current. From Boyesen & Gjerdrum, Christiania, Norway. — We appreciate the ability and fairness with which the Cincinnati Price Current is conducted. We esteem your statistical views as the best authority that we know. From T. Skelton Jones & Co., Macon, Ga. — We admire very much the ability and accuracy with which the Cincinnati Price Current is conducted, and could not get along without its regular visits. 294 From John W. Robinson & Co., Gateshead-on-Tyne, England. — We continue to prize the Price Current very highly. From Houston & McNairn, Glasgow, Scotland. — The information which the Cincinnati Price Current supplies we have found, and continue to find, very serviceable in the conducting of our business. We recommend it to all our friends. From R. Hunter Craig & Co., Glasgow, Scotland. — We find the Cincin- nati Price Current of great value to us. From Geo. R. Preston, New Orleans. — The Cincinnati Price Current is the most satisfactory paper I read in regard to crop reports and the markets. From M. Hietzman, Jr., Baltimore. — I look for my Price Current as regu- lar as Friday comes, and do not know how I could do without it; would have it at much higher cost. From F. W. Fearman, Hamilton, Canada. — I have read the Cincinnati Price Current many years, and it is the best of its kind in the country. From W. Hvistendahl, Christiania, Norway. — The Cincinnati Price Current is an exceedingly well-conducted paper. From Boesel & Running, New Bremen, Ohio. — The Cincinnati Price Current is always a welcome visitor, and we derive much valuable infor- mation from a perusal of its columns. From Theo. G. Metzger, Elmira, N. Y. — The Cincinnati Price Current is the reliable provision and grain paper of the world, to me. From J. & M. Schwabacher, New Orleans, La. — We take this occasion of expressing our high appreciation of the Cincinnati Price Current, every issue of which is looked for with interest by every one connected with our house. From Johnston & Norman, Columbus, Ga. — We desire to express our admiration for the Cincinnati Price Current. Its practical information ren- ders it well worth the small subscription price. It is indispensable to us. From P. H. Harlan, Hendersonville, Tenn. — The Cincinnati Price Cur- rent is doing a valuable service to the country. From George Seidenburg, Bremen, Germany. — I take much pleasure in saying that I find in the Cincinnati Price Current much of valuable informa- tion, and should not like to do without it. From Julius Auer, Hamburg, Germany. — We all here in Hamburg read with greatest pleasure the Cincinnati Price Current, which has become so valuable to us that we anxiously await its regular arrival. From Samuel Shawe, Thurles, Ireland. — I wish you to continue to send me your very good commercial paper. From J. L. Hall & Co., Montgomery, Ala. — We take great interest in your paper, and wish it were in our power to send you many subscribers. This one makes the fourth or fifth we have induced to subscribe. From Madden & Donahoe, Kincardine, Ontario — in letter to the Editor of the Price Current. — Wishing you health and long life, and that in the future as in the past you will pursue the same straightforward course in giving your opinion to the readers of the Price Current. From Patrick Burke, Athlone, Ireland. — I wish your paper every suc- cess, as I find it most valuable, and I appreciate it highly. From Howard, Flower & Co., New Orleans, La. — We cannot get along without the Cincinnati Price Current. 295 From R. L. Mercer, Savannah, Ga. — I have for many years been a sub- scriber of the Cincinnati Price Current, and hope to continue one for many more; I would not be without it under any circumstances. From S. Cropley's Sons, Georgetown, D. C. — Your valuable journal is appreciated by us. From J. J. Cover, Johnsonville, Ohio. — I have taken the Price Current some thirty years, and consider its weekly visits indispensable to success in a general store, produce and provision business; I esteem it as a long tried and reliable friend. From J. G. Turcan & Co., Liverpool. — We have perused with care and attention the columns of your esteemed paper, and can testify to their ex- treme value to us in our business. From Wm. Santley, Jr., Liverpool. — I find the Cincinnati Price Current contains more useful information about the provision markets throughout the States than I can get from any other sources, and I recommend it to all the firms in this trade. From H. L. Wilson, Glasgow, Scotland. — I admire the Cincinnati Price Current, because I think it truthful, and free from that rubbish which makes quite a proportion of American commercial publications not worth the postage. From R. G. Tennant, Glasgow, Scotland. — The Cincinnati Price Cur- rent is anxiously looked for by most of my buyers, who have great con- fidence in its reports. From J. R. Moore, Leeds, England. — I wish your paper, the Cincinnati Price Current, every success, which it so well deserves. From F. Bishop, Albany, N. Y. — I consider the Cincinnati Price Cur- rent very valuable; at least it is to me. I know of no commercial reports so impartial and facts so fully set forth in all their details, as contained in it. From T. Mitchell, Jr., Toronto, Ontario. — I appreciate the valuable hints in the editorial columns of your paper, and I must say your paper is the most valuable commercial journal I have ever read. From J. C. Haas, Montgomery, Ala. — Friday is the red-letter day of the week, because with it comes the Cincinnati Price Current; it is in- dispensable wherever commercial information is sought. From W. H. Gardner, Mobile, Ala. — I have been an instructed reader of your valuable paper for years, and accepted your data as authoritative. From Haas Bros. & Co., Memphis, Tenn. — For correct information we find the Cincinnati Price Current almost indispensable, and would not be without it. From Frank H. Rich, Greenville, Mich. — I would as soon think of doing without my dinner as being without the Price Current. From Cory, Clay County, Indiana, a reader says: I am able to glean more valuable information relative to markets and supplies from the Price Current than from any other paper I take. To the average farmer and stock grower it is worth many times its cost. From a Kansas City, Mo., commission firm. — So far as we are con- cerned, we would be glad to pay a hundred dollars a year for the statistical information you give out rather than have the publication discontinued. From Bigland Sons & Jeffreys, Liverpool. — We sincerely hope that you may be able to continue publication of the Cincinnati Price Current, which is a very valuable trade issue. 296 From Buda-Pesth, Hungary, a subscriber of many years says — I ap- preciate very much your valuable paper. From R. Hunter Craig & Co., Glasgow, Scotland. — We find the Cin- cinnati Price Current of great value to us. From Genoa, Nebraska, a subscriber says — The Price Current is cer- tainly a valuable paper of its kind. From Topeka, Kansas, a subscriber says — Whenever I get mixed upon markets and conditions I can always hunt up the old Price Current, and can always depend on its statistics as being correct and complete, any time I need to refer to them. From a prominent firm at Cleveland, Ohio. — We consider the Cincin- nati Price Current one of the very best of all the commercial papers pub- lished in the country — for its full market reports and general news, so reliable, and because so reliable so desirable, every way. From Franco Carcmi, Barcelona, Spain. — I have read with keenest in- terest the Price Current Statistical Annual for 1910. From William Underwood & Co., Boston, Mass. — We have been sub- scribers of the Price Current a good many years, and can speak only in the very highest terms of its value to everyone who is interested in the agri- cultural products of the United States. From Finningly & Co., Hull, England. — The writer, who has taken the Price Current for some years, can only say that he will be very sorry if you are unable to continue issuing it, as we find the information given most valuable, and having been in the American provision trade since leav- ing school, 28 years ago, naturally all reliable information respecting that very important animal, the American hog, is of much interest to him. From Ballard & Ballard Company, Louisville, Ky. — We read the Price Current reports with great interest and care, and must say that thus far we have found your calculations the most accurate and reliable that we have been able to obtain. We commend the stand you have taken for fairness and honesty, and we think the whole tone of your paper is cal- culated to raise the standard of trade practices. In remitting for subscription for a firm at Rotterdam, Holland, C. C. Abel & Co., of New York City, said: They appreciate, as we also do, the ability and fairness with which you conduct the Price Current. From Ellins & Sons, Leeds, England. — Your paper is as universally read, and perhaps with a greater degree of pleasure, on our side of the Atlantic than on yours. Your statistics are admirably arranged and very valuable, the bill of fare placed before your numerous readers being not only appetizing but V£ry digestible. From the Dublin North City Milling Co., Dublin, Ireland. — We esteem the Price Current as the principal and most reliable trade paper we take; and especially commend your constant attitude in matters concerning commercial morality, the clearness and care in which you deal with statis- tics and the fearless expressions of your unbiased conclusions. We feel warranted in making these observations from attentive experience of up- wards of twenty years. From Bancroft & Company, Liverpool, England. — We are always much interested in the reports and statistics published by you, and esteem very highly the information contained in your columns, which is of the utmost value to us. 297 From Charles G. Dawes, Chicago, Illinois. — Your publication is a most valuable one, and I have ever found it reliable and instructive. From Frank Ryan, Port Chester, New York. — I regard the Price Cur- rent as one of the most reliable and trustworthy publications in this country, and its information very important. From the Deering Harvester Company, Chicago, Illinois. — We read the Cincinnati Price Current every week with a great deal of care, and consider it a most valuable medium. From W. S. Forbes & Co., Richmond, Virginia. — The Cincinnati Price Current always contains valuable information. From Joseph W. Mullin. Iowa City Iowa. — I find the Cincinnati Price Current a great benefit to me. It is A. thoroughly sound business paper. From Samuel P. Beall, Galveston, Texas. — ^An intelligent reading of the data and statistics presented by your valuable journal from week to week has saved many buyers of cash hog products here from losses, and, on the other hand, operators by selling short the high priced pork and lard of a few weeks ago have of course realized handsome profits on the recent break in prices, which for some time past has seemed inevitable. I thank you personally, and for my friends who have benefited thereby, for the able and correct views you have expressed. — June, 1883. From an old subscriber at Atlanta, Ga.— No stronger proof of the acknowledged power of your paper could be written than the attacks upon it, given in your number of this week. Am proud of the compliment paid, and feel that your paper is worth much more than the subscription price. The president of a company in the wholesale trade at Wilmington, North Carolina, said this in a letter: "The writer has been a subscriber to the Price Current, he thinks, for the past twenty years, and feels that he could not do without it." From Jackson, Mississippi, a letter had these remarks: "The writer has been a reader of the Cincinnati Price Current for the past twelve years, which it is needless to say has been found very interesting." A cotton packer and commission merchant at Helena, Arkansas, in a letter said this: "I have been a subscriber of the Price Current for many years, and think it a very valuable paper. Don't see how anyone dealing in grain or hog products can do without it." A firm in Bristol, England, in making annual remittance said: "We are always pleased to receive the Cincinnati Price Current, and the in- formation contained." In writing from Maysville, Kentucky, a reader of the paper said: "I think the Price Current is the best paper I ever saw." From one of the numerous subscribers of the Price Current at St. John's, Newfoundland, received in August, 1911, came the following: "For the enclosed $5.50 please continue sending me your valuable paper. I don't know when my term expires, but I would rather lose a hundred dollars than be without your paper. I saved over $7,000 this year, in a great measure due to the correct information given in your paper. I have need to be very enthusiastic over the value of your paper." From a reader of the paper at Macy, Indiana: "The Cincinnati Price Current has been my barometer and carefully consulted in all my business affairs for about half a century, and I feel that I owe much of my success in life to it." 298 AT TIME'S CONQUERING FEET. Like to a king defeated and all stricken Low at the feet of conquering Time I lie; The dews of death upon my pale brows thicken, The mists bedim my eye, And yet I do not ask a pang to spare me, I pray not for a longer lease of breath. Discrowned, still a very king I bear me, And face unpitying death. Gladly I've given to the world I'm leaving Its portion from the brimming cup of life; Triumph, defeat and love and loss and grieving And pain and peace and strife. Never a lip have I in fondness singled To press from any bitter goblet's brink. Bitter and sweet has been the cup I've mingled And given the world to drink. Now toll no bells for me — my work is ended; With willing wisdom I resign my place; Praying I go by some fond thought attended, Praying love speed me with its tender grace. As well for me ring bells in joyful duty — Going my way beneath the starless skies — As for that one who comes all grace and beauty, With a glad promise in his shining eyes. As some dead king whose reign has been all royal. Is borne in pomp and state to his last rest, Rejoices e'en in death that every loyal And loving subject bears him oh his breast, So I, who at Time's conquering feet am lying. Pray blessings on the world as I depart. Content if in this hour that men call dying I rest my head upon the great world's heart. — Carlotta Perry's last poem. "The need of these days is not greater oppor- tunities for commerce and trade in dead matter so much as larger realizations of the possibilities latent in the fellowship of all mankind." 299 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY. The subject of this sketch was born in Brandon, Rutland County, Vermont, in 1837. A summary of his career in brief form, chronologically, IS here presented. My parents moved from Brandon, Vermont, to New York City in December, 1843, when I was six-and-a-half years old, and to Ohio in the latter part of 1844 — settling on a farm on the east side of the Little Miami River, in Warren County, in March, 1845, in my eighth year of age — op- posite the mills and residence of Jeremiah Morrow, one of the early gov- ernors of Ohio, and for many years member of Congress. The farm was 26 miles from Cincinnati, the railroad (now under lease to the Pennsyl- vania system) passing through the western portion of it, and the track then extending only ten miles beyond, ending at the town of Morrow. One train daily, each way; at Cincinnati, locomotives were detached at Pendleton, and cars hauled three miles by mules, to the terminus — which plan prevailed for several years. My father had been an editor and publisher in Vermont for eight years, continuing so in New York, and on the farm re-established his printing office, for issuance of a monthly publication devoted to reformatory ques- tions — which had been issued weekly at New York. In my ninth year my work in the printing office began. The district schoolhouse was over two miles away, accessible only through forest paths most of the way — which precluded my attendance. My father continued his publishing for eleven years on the farm. At fifteen years of age I attended the Maineville Academy during a winter term, and another term there two years later, the intermediate winter being at the Springville Academy, Erie County, New York. When twelve years of age I took up the study of phonography, pro- curing books of instruction from Isaac Pitman, Bath, England, inventor of this system of shorthand writing. I acquired considerable proficiency in shorthand writing, advancing well in the reporting style. The most of practice was in connection with phonographic correspondence circles. I received regularly a number of shorthand publications. When the Cincin- nati Type Foundry was prepared to furnish phonetic type my father pro- cured a font, in May, 1848, when I was nearing the end of my eleventh year. I soon handled the phonetic type. My father gave leading attention in his farming operations to growing sweet potatoes, for the Cincinnati market. Incident to this a business de- veloped into liberal proportions in furnishing sweet potato plants, from tubers sprouted in hot-beds heated by wood fires. When I was in my nineteenth year he removed to another farm. When twenty years of age I was doing considerable in nursery lines, and growing small fruits. In the winter in my twentieth year I attended Bartlett's Commercial College, in Cincinnati, going there daily by railroad — finishing the course and receiving my diploma the following year. The death of my dear mother occurred in May, 1860, in my twenty-third year. 300 At twenty-two years of age I reached a leading position in operating the farm, and was so situated when the Civil War broke out early in 1861. Late in 1861 I secured a subcontract for furnishing forage for army uses at Camp Dennison, sixteen miles from Cincinnati. Under this I purchased quantities of hay, along the railroad line further north and the line diverg- ing at Morrow, and when baled it was loaded on cars for shipment. I had acquired ownership of the farm. The next year, in 1862, I opened a store in Cincinnati for sale of peaches, from my own orchard and from others. This led to plans for en- tering upon business as a general commission merchant — in which line of operations I continued for ten years. In January, 1865, I was married in the Swedenborgian church, Cincin- nati, to Sallie Powell, daughter of Rev. David Powell, deceased. Early in 1872 I entered upon a publishing project, inaugurating the is- suance of a weekly commercial newspaper, bearing the title The Cincin- nati Commercial Review — at the same time securing possession of the Daily Market Report, a publication in circular form for use of merchants in their business correspondence. In August, 1872, possession was acquired of The Cincinnati Price Cur- rent, a weekly publication, the editor of which had died a month previous- ly. The title of the older paper was maintained. A prominent feature of the Cincinnati Price Current was in furnishing information relating to pork packing operations, and allied interests. This was continued, and with the advance of time was greatly widened and en- larged, by my efforts, including incidental statistical exhibits and state- ments. Besides occupying the commanding position in systematic presen- tation of such information attention was given to leading crops, in which work the publication became an influential authority, in the markets of our country and in foreign lands. In August, 1878, my wife died, leaving six children — four sons and two daughters, the oldest twelve years of age, the youngest two months. In 1881 a friend proffered me an ocean passage ticket to Liverpool and return — having learned that my health was in impaired condition. Not deeming it practicable to accept this opportunity it was declined, which became known to local friends, and without my knowledge a liberal fund was raised, and presented to me as a testimonial to my journalistic work and to serve in securing recreation privileges under acceptance of the ocean trip plan, with restoration of health as the object. This resulted in four months of absence, representing very extensive travel, in the British Isles and on the Continent, going eastward to Constantinople, by way of the Black Sea and the Bosphorus. Railroads had not rea'ched that city then. Late in 1884 I was united in wedlock with Anna Cora Thomas, daughter of Ira Thomas, of Springboro, Warren County, Ohio — a Quaker. From this time she dropped her first name, as she had from childhood been called by her middle name. She is still devotedly administering to my welfare. In June, 1885, my father died, at his home in Warren County, Ohio — when I had occasion to take the lead in the funeral service, and following which it was my duty to accompany the remains to Lancaster, Pennsyl- vania, for incineration. He was nearly 79 years of age. He was an advo- cate of incineration as a proper disposition of human remains, from my boyhood years. 301 In 1891 there occurred a prospective vacancy in the executive office of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, designated under the title of Super- intendent, representing an Executive Secretary service. The Board of Directors elected me to the position. I had not applied for it; seven others had. I accepted, and continued in this position and its work until the end of May, 1911 — making a term of almost twenty years. My newspaper work was continued without interruption. The combined exactions were a severe tax upon my resources of endurance for performance of the labors in which I was engaged. In February, 1901, I experienced a case of blood poisoning, attended with consuming fevers which wasted the flesh, reduced bodily strength to a point of complete helplessness, and to a situation bordering on an ending of life conditions. Quinine and whisky, administered under directions of the doctor by the attending nurse and others, checked the tendency down- ward before the threatened climax was reached — and in time I recovered flesh and strength. In 1906 I received as a surprise from the retiring Board of Directors of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce unanimous election by the full Board as Honorary Life Member of the Association — a distinction of highly gratifying nature. The occasion of my birthday anniversary in June, 1906, was remembered by a testimonial event, one of the most gratifying incidents ?n my ex- perience. Considerable of detailed reference to this occurrence appears in this narration. In 1910 a serious break in health overtook me. It appeared to be traceable to a shock and spinal injury from a fall in August of the preced- ing year. I rallied from the 1910 depression, which was to a low point, and resumed usual relations to the activities with which I had long been identified. In 1912 I offered the Price Current for sale, and it passed into the hands of Chicago publishers at the close of that year, who issued it one year under the title it had previously borne, and then it was merged into another publication, with a change in title, form, etc. In discontinuing my relation to newspaper publishing I made available to workmen in my office the printing outfit, for their own use, without any reckoning to me, including type and other material and machinery, and typesetting machine, with what business the office commanded in job printing and issuance of our Daily Price Current, for local business men in their correspondence, the entirety of the equipment and business being thus put at their disposal. This arrangement has not been discontinued. On entering upon publishing operations in Cincinnati in 1872 I occupied third floor rooms in a building that was then 58 and 60 West Fourth Street, west of Walnut, where now is the Fourth Street entrance to the New Hotel Gibson, fronting on Walnut Street. In August, 1878, I removed the printing office to the building then known as 168 and 170 Race Street, which has since given way to the northern extension of the great store of The H. & S. Pogue Company. On occupying these quarters I equipped them with a cylinder press for the weekly paper, and with small cylinder presses for printing the Daily Price Current, and jobber presses. This machinery was operated by a steam engine, situated in the large printing room, from the Niles Tool Works, Hamilton, and was set up under per- 302 sonal direction and presence of Alexander Gordon, at the head of the vast business of the Niles Tool Works, a warm friend of mine, and one of the world's noblemen. In 1892 I purchased a leasehold interest in a lot in the rear of the post- office building, on what was then known as Patterson Alley, and which name I had changed by the City Engineer to Government Place. This lot, while 50 feet frontage, was only 45 feet in depth. In its rear was an unimproved lot, of 48 feet extension northward, the purchase of which I negotiated for and effected through a real estate agent. After proceeding in arranging financial matters for payment I was told that the property had been secured by the Dickson Estate, which owned the building be- tween my lot and Main Street. When I called upon the trustee of the property sold to me, he admitted that he had in good faith made the sale to me, but the Dickson Estate had offered him such a large premium to secure it that he had transferred it to that interest, without advising me. That act of robbery restricted my lot to a depth of only 45 feet, when I counted upon a depth of 93 feet. The Dicksons had the face to request that I leave space between my building and theirs, for light for their windows, and a rear entrance to their building. I proposed to leave open 20 feet, in exchange for 30 feet behind my lot, acquired by them, and to pay them for the ground extending noFth of the 70 feet occupied by their building. They declined this offer, and I was obliged to close fifteen of their windows, in the erection of my building, of seven stories. They ex- pressed regret to me later and said they would give many thousands of dollars to be able to command the opportunity lost. The result was a serious loss to the Dicksons and the spoiling of my plans for a building of desirable depth and proportions. In the spring of 1865, soon after my marriage, I found a home in a desirable cottage, nine miles from Cincinnati. Malarial fevers were ex- perienced by my wife, that and the succeeding summer, and in October, 1866, we returned to Cincinnati, occupying a house on Hathaway Street for five months, and on George Street (now Kenyon Avenue) seventeen years. In 1884 I purchased a house on the southwest corner of Richmond and Linn Streets — a large building, of fine interior. Thirteen years later, in 1897, I removed to a home purchased on Mount Auburn — an ideal situa- tion for quietude and retirement, and rural-like conditions, off from thor- oughfares, which were near. The location is in the geographical center of the city, and the place has been admired by all visitors. Outlooks com- manding, and interesting. The big house and its two acres of grounds be- came burdensome in the reduced numbers of our family, as well as in ex- pense account, and we left this home in January, 1914, for quarters more suitable for our needs. Some months subsequent to my marriage in January, 1865, I made ap- plication for a policy of life insurance in one of the high class companies. My application was rejected. A little later my risk was accepted by an- other company, in equally good standing. I sought to secure the greatest amount of current insurance for what I felt justified in so investing. I found that it appeared to be on the life plan, under yearly payments of premiums. And it proved to be a correct view, if I am able to judge. The beneficiary was my wife, who passed from life first — when thirteen pay- ments of yearly premiums had been paid. There were six dependent 303 motherless children, and the insurance policy, with provisions by which in the event of my death during its maintenance the insurance would be pay- able to these heirs, was continued to be kept up by my yearly payments. These payments, at the time of writing this item, represent fifty in number — and have called for a considerable sum of money in the aggregate from my resources. It is not to be assumed that this money has been lost or wasted, or that the plan adopted was an unwise one, compared with other plans available. The insurance company has received more than the aver- age for such risks in this instance, incident to the unusual prolongation of yearly payments — but the insurance has been carried and kept alive, avail- able for the beneficiary interests by my death. Nineteen yearly payments of premiums have thus been made by me since the youngest of the children passed beyond the period of being in the dependent class, and for twenty- eight years the policy has been carried to the credit of the oldest of these children — for the others, for periods of intermediate length. Were this policy now controllable by me I could borrow of the insurance company to the extent of a portion of its surrender value from the fund which my payments have created, and which I have found myself in need of — a situa- tion and experience that serve to demonstrate that a policy of life insurance payable in the name of the person being insured, thus being payable to his estate or under provisions of a will made by the insured per- son, or of other disposition, has an element of merit and of consistent control not belonging to => policy specifying the name of a beneficiary. I have had other experiences in life insurance, of a nature calculated to raise a question as to advisability of such efforts for providing for future purposes. I have suffered serious losses from misplaced confidence in these matters, and of misrepresentation made to secure such participation on my part. While having life insurance features in thought I recall what has seemed to me to be a questionable tax upon cost of maintenance of such interest, by which the company provides for continuance of commissions upon business secured. I have had the acquaintance of a person who had an income of $10,000 a year for continued commissions upon business secured by him upon a single life, these payments by the insuring company or companies covering a long period of years beyond the time of securing the business — and whether they continued to this person's estate after his death I do not know. A ROSE TO THE LIVING. A rose to the living is more Than sumptuous wreaths to the dead; In filling life's infinite store, A rose to the living is more, If graciously given before The hungering spirit is fled — A rose to the living is more Than sumptuous wreaths to the dead. — Nixon Waterman. 304 A SON'S TRIBUTE TO HIS FATHER ORSON S. MURRAY Born in Orwell, Vermont, September 23, 1806. Died at his home, Warren County, Ohio, June 14, 1885. Abolitionist. Philanthropist. Journalist. Reformer. Scholar and Teacher — Inspirer of Morality. One of the Earliest in Anti-Slavery Actions. Public Lecturer — many times a subject of mob violence. One of the Organizers of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Active in forming the first Auxiliary Society. Framed the first Legislative Declaration in the interest of Anti-Slavery, by resolution submitted to the Vermont Legislature, to petition Congress to abolish slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and interstate traffic in slaves. Journalist, 1835-1856 — in Vermont, New York City, and Ohio; early, primarily for the church; incidentally, for temperance, education, knowledge, humanity; later, for increase of intelligence, freedom of thought, lessening of influences of superstition and religious thraldom, and reforms consistent with human progress and elevation. Governed by an impulse to know the truth, and courage to stand by and to proclaim without fear or faltering that which he deemed to be the truth, however much at variance with the public voice, and at what- ever provocation of censure or condemnation of those with whom he differed. Unfaltering in criticism of insincerity, dereliction in duty, and evil practices, holding evil-doers to accountability for their acts. An advocate of charity among members of the human family, in their differences of interests and of beliefs. An Unbeliever in supernatural powers and influences, or life after death of human beings. A Believer that the Christian religion is as genuinely a superstition as any other religion, and that it does not prevent the wrong nor promote the right. A man of high order of character, intelligence, analytical thought, honesty; holding an eminent place in humanitarian efforts and advancement of the welfare of mankind. And as such he commanded the respect of those who knew him, and who came under his benign influence. An early and persistent advocate of Equality for Women. In all his years of journalism, excepting one, he was a producer, as tiller of the soil. His motto in journalism: "Ignorance the Evil; Knowledge the Remedy." ORSON S. MURRAY. iHi i''"?';!;'"':*!;^"'' ! ! i