ASIA PL 4753 W63 1905 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924068360191 TAMIL '^^-TA\y^^ This system teaches you the essentials of a language (for travel and en)oynient) without the drudgery of prolonged study 3^6 NET By Don M. de ZILVA WICKREMASINGHE Author of Tamil Grammar Self-Tau{ht Sinhalese Self-Tau{ht Mala/alam Self-Taught London : E. MARLBOROUGH & CO. LTD. Marlborough's Self-Taught Series of European and Oriental Languages DESIGNED primarily for TOURISTS and TRAVEL- LERS in Foreign lands who, without previous knowledge of the Language, desire to express themselves sufticiently to be understood, these books also form a good foundation for the more seriously minded student. The Method followed throughout the Series is to give Classified vocabularies and Conversational Phrases under Subjects, arranged in three columns giving first the English word or phrase, second the Foreign equivalent, and third the English phonetic pronunciation. This latter column makes correct pronunciation a simple matter. A section an Elementary Grammar is included in most cases and deals with the construction of sentences and any special peculiarites of the language, such as Genders, Tenses, Con- jugation of Verbs, etc. For the more important languages a separate volume on Grammar is published containing, in addition to a thorough treatise on Grammar, Exercises for translation. These books can be obtained through any bookseller. FOB COMPLETE UST OF LANGUAGES SEE PACE 4 OF COVEK MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES. Tamil SelMaugl\t. (IN ROMAN CHARACTERS.) WITH ENGLISH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION. CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 068 360 191 Don M.de ZILVA WICKREMASINGHE,Hon.M.A.(Oxon.) Epigraphist to the Ceylon Oovernment; Lecturer im, Tamil and Telugu in the UnwersUy of Oxford ; Author of Tamiij Gbammab SoLF-TAuaHi. Second Edition, Revised. ••UNTED IN GREAT BRITAIN. LONDON: E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., LTD. [All rights reserved.] PL CORNELL UNIVERSnY LIBRARY riHACA, N. Y. 14853 LETCHWORTH ^EN CITY PRES;. LTD. PRINTERS gUh Impression South Asia Collection KROCK T BEARY Printed and Made in Great Britain PEEFAOE. TPHIS volume of Tamil ia issued with a two-fold object, viz., as cm independent manual of spoken Tamil, and as a supplementary and companion volume to Tamil Qbammab Self-Tauoht (Marlbokoogh'b Sslf-TaugU Series, No. 19). It is primarily intended to supply a working and practical knowledge di the language, for the beneSt of those who have not the time or the Inclination to master the grammar, and yet require to use the spoken tongue for purposes of business or pleasure. With this in view many vocabularies are supplied, carefully selected to suit the needs of the Tamil countries and classified according to subject, and also a large number of colloquial phrases and sentences of a practical character, similarly classi- fied. Throughout these sections of the volume the pronunciation of the Tamil words is added, according to Marlborough's system of phonetics — a system which has grown out of long experience, and is of so simple a nature that, by means of it, a stranger to the language who knows English only, can read off the words at a glance and thus easily make himself understood amongst Tamil-speaking people. At the same time the Gbammab forms a useful book of reference on any point of construc- tion, etc., which may arise. To the student who has set himself to master the fifst volume — Tamiii Gbammab Self- Tauoht— this book offers a large amount of additional matter of an extremely useful kind. He can add largely to his stock of words by means of it, and the conversations furnish abundant material for exercise in writing and reading as well as in speaking TamU. The English-Tamil alphabetical Vocabulary is a most useful supplement to the classified lists of words in the earlier portion of the book, and forms the counterpart of the Tamil-English Vocabulary supplied in the Gbammab. Bach of these volumes is, therefore, the complement of the other, and together they suffice to give an excellent grounding in Tamil. In view of the importance of the problems of government now engaging attention in India, it is hoped that, by facilitating the acquisition of one of the principal tongues of the Indian Empire, these books may assist in strengthening the ties which bind British and Indian feUow-subjeots together. M. DE ZILVA WIOKREMASINGHE. The Indian Institute, Oxford, December, 1906. CONTENTS. ALPHABET, with English Phonetic Pronunciation 6 Consonants 8 Syllabic Characters 10 Vowels ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ■.. 7 Preliminabt Notes — Pronunciation, Accent, etc 12 VocABniiABrEB (Classified). — Pages 13 to 43. Animals, Vegetables, etc. : — Animals, Birds, Fishes and Insects 16 Trees, Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables, etc 17 Colours 19 Commercial and Trading Terms 35 Fishing 40 House and Furniture, The ... ... ... ... ... 31 Land and Water ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 13 Mankind: Belations ... ... ... ... ... ... 22 Body, The Human 23 Cooking and Bating Utensils 27 Dress and Dressing ... ... ... ... ... ... 28 Food and Drink 26 Health 24 Washing List 30 Minerals and Metals 14 Numbers, Cardinal 41 Ordinal 42 CoUective 43 Post Office and Telegrams 39 Professions and Trades 32 Shooting and Fishing 40 Times and Seasons 19 Town and Country 21 Travelling 34 World and its Elements, The 18 CONTENTS. CoNVBBSATioNAL Pheases AND SENTENCES — Pages 44 to 68 Ohanging Money ... Commercial and Trading Expressions and Phrases, Useful and Necessary Idiomatic Expressions of Emotion Fishing Health Hotel, The Meals Breakfast Dinner ... Tea Money, Changing Tamil-American and American-Tamil Values Tamil-English and English-Tamil Values ... Tamil Money Notices Planting Postal Bates Post Office and Telegrams Public Works Railway, The Shooting Shopping Telegrams Time, The Town, In 68 62 44 47 61 54 51 52 53 54 68 95 95 96 48 67 96 56 64 49 60 59 56 55 57 English-Tamil Vocabulaet (alphabetical). — Pages 69 to 95. MoNRT, Weights and Measures. — Pages 95 and 96. Postal Bates 36 TAMIL SELF-TAUGHT. THE ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION. The Tamil Alphabet contains thirty letters, viz., twelve vowels and eighteen consonants. From these are formed 216 syllabic characters, which are combinations of the consonants with the vowels in which the consonantal character is in some cases slightly modified in form and has a vowel-sign joined to it. In addition, there are a number of conventional abbreviated characters, etc., found in official documents and manuscripts. For these, the student is referred to Tamil Gbammab Sbu'- Taught — Volume No. 19 of this series, pages 18-14. In the Tamil language there are five primary vowel sounds, viz., a, i, u, e, o. Each of these, however, is represented by two characters which stand for the long and the short sound of the vowel respectively, and there are in addition two characters representing the diphthongs ai and au. There are thus twelve characters in the Tamil alphabet which stand for vowel sounds. These are used in two different ways, that is to say : (a) Initially, when they are represented separately by regular letters ; (6) Medially, or following and joined to a consonant to form a syllable, when the vowel is represented by a sign (in certain instances variable) attached to the consonantal character, excepting in the case of the vowel a, which is inherent in the consonant and not indicated by any sign, its absence being generally shown by a dot or a small circle over the consonant (see pages 10-11). In the following tables — pp. 7 to 9 — the initial and medial forms of the Tamil vowels are given, followed by the consonants, and to all are added their transliterative (Eoman) characters, and the phonetic signs by which the Tamil sounds are repre- sented in the third column throughout the classified Vocabularies and Conversations of which this volume chiefly consists. On pages 10 and 11 are the syllabic characters, also in the Tamil and Eoman types. 1. Vowels or uyir-eruttugal ("life-letters"):- Tamil Characters. k Pronunciation. Phonetic Signs.* Initial. Medinl. s^ JH at Like It in cw<, or a in America u, ii -& ir, o a „ a in m iia ait i T or^ f» it »» i in routine, or ee in meet ee e. O. 1. -^ u If It in put, or 00 in good... ii When final, it is pro- nounced very slightly, and often like i. SM. O' e*> -=^' ■^ u „ u in rwfo, or 00 in /oo/... oo SI o ei »i e in elbow e sr G n a iu able, pane ay When initial, the short and long e are pro- nounced like ye in yee and yea respec- tively y«.yay §3 ea, t ai ai f> ai in aisle, or ei in AeijrAt « When final, it is invari- ably pronounced like ei ia veil ay S» Q IT f» n pot » Q IT 6 tt in Tioble oh |P«rr Q m ua ma Larr md uS mi lB ml (LP mtt gp OTM iL y lu ya luir yd uS yi aS yi lij ^M e z'" /r r ST ra iriT rd (fl ri /f ri (Tj rw es ru eu 2 su la eoir Id eSli eSli £1!) lu eoir lu a/ t; eu va exiiT vd s9 vi sS vi eif vu ^ vu ipr Lp ra jfiir rd yS' ri Lfi n Of. ru (Lfi ru str / err la err IT Id grfi /i sif /i (§5 fu ^ lu pr fl> t°' as v<^ flS ri / ri j3/ ru jpr ru est n esr na igo) nd eah ni asF «i CT) nu epir nu u Coiriio- e 5 ai r au ITAHTB. Qa Tee Qs Ice si!)« Icai Qsir ko QsfT ko Oaerr hau A k QiB ne Qia ne ero/H nai Qiarr no QiBir no QiEieir nau IB n 0# fe Q^ fe eaiff fai Qfir QO Qs=ir^o QiFeir Qau ff f 0@ iie Q(^ iie «ro^ nai Oq/t Ho ^(Sj/r no 0®®ff Haw © » GiL.de Ql. de ssiL- dai Qi—ir do Ql-it do Qi-en dau L- d Qsmsr ne Qeasr ne Sssjr nai 0(6OT) no (?iOT) no Qemeivnaii ^T n Q/S te Q^te ea^ tai QfitT to Q^IT to Glfisir tau ^t QjB ne Qjs ne aBjB nai QjEir no Qpn no QjB eir nau ^ n Qu pe Qu pe eau pai Qurr po Quit po Queir pail up Gia me (Sld me eiBLD nun QiMiT mo Qmir mo Otcsrr mau (i TO Oiu ye Qtu ye eauj yai Qiuir yo Qiuir yd Oiueir yau ih y Qir re QjT re esjT rai QjTfT ro QjriT ro Queir rau /r r Oeu le Qeo le Ssu lai Qeoir lo QeoiT Id Qevm lau EU 2 Qeu ve Qeu ve easii vai Qeuir vo Qeuir vo Offljstr vau aj V Qifi fe Qifi re eatfi rai QifiiT ro Qjfiir fo Qtfim rau ifi r Oeir le Qeir fe 8sir lai Qetrir lo Qeirir lo Qsireir lau eir I Qp re Qpre eap rai QqP ro Qqij ro Qpeir rau pr QsBT ne Qenr ne ^' nai 0@i no (?(eB) no Offlsrstr nau eir It 12 PRELIMINARY NOTES, Pronunciation. — The student is- recommended to master the pronunciation at the outset. The precise use and value of each phonetic sign are shown on pages 7 to 9, which should be studied carefully. The following additional explanations will be of service : — *The principles on which Marlborough's system of phonetics is based are : (1) the employment of English characters with their ordinary pronunciation (or one of their sounds, where more than one), with as sparing a use as possible of diacritic signs; and (2) one sign, one sound. Where, therefore, a " sign " (i.e., letter or letters) might be variously sounded — and this applies to each of the English vowels and some of the consonants — its particular use in the scheme of phonetics should be carefully noted, and each sign must always be sounded in the same manner wherever it occurs [one sign, one sound) ; any letter or combina- tion of letters printed in italics or with any mark added has a special use which must be learnt. Thus : — u represents (always and only) the sound of u in bun, turn. u „ the sound of e in other, filbert, &o. u „ ,, ,, M in pull, or oo in foot. 00 „ „ „ u in rude, or oo in boor. i >• i> X ' or 2/ in. pity. i (ital.) „ „ ,, i in mine or I (i.e., a diphthong). e ,, ,, ,, « in men, merry. ay „ ,, ,, a iu able, pane (i.e., a simple sound, not diphthongized), ayiitaX.) „ „ „ ay (diphthong) in day, play, ch (ital.) „ „ „ ch in the Scotch word loch, gh is written for g before e and i to preserve the hard sound of g as in regard. ow represents the sound of ow in cow, now. rr „ one strong sound, the two r's not to be sounded separately. th ,, the sound of th in with, both, th (ital.) ,, „ ,, th in they, breathe. For the cerebrals n and I, also for ng, ny, and ry, see Alphabet. Tonic Accent. — It should be noted that the first syllable of a Tamil word has, as a general rule, a fuller intonation than the remaining syllables of the word. • This paragraph ia adapted from Tamil Qrammar Self-Taught (Marlborough's BeK-Taught Series.) VOCABULARIES.* The World and its Elements. ( Ulagam-um adan putangal-um.) English. Tamil (romanized). Pronunciation. Air vdyu vahyu cloud megam maygum cold kuUr kii^ir darkness irul iruJ dew pani puni earth pumi boomi East kirakku ki-ryukka lire neruppu neriippu fog mudu-pani moodu-puni hail dldnkatti ahlahng-kutti heat qudu shoodu light oli oil lightning minnal minnul moon qandiran shuntMriin moonlight nila nil ah nature gubdvam, iyalbu shubahvum, iyulbu North vadakku vudukku rain mardi muryay rainhow vdna-vil vahnuvil shade niral, e&ydi ni-ryul, ohahyay shadow, refleotion pirativimbam piruthivimbum sky vdnam vahnum South tetku, ten thefku, then sun guriyan shooriyun thunder idi idi water nlr, tannir neer, thunneer West metku, mil mayfku, mayl wind kaku kahttu 2. Land and Water. karai kadat-karai Bank (of a river coast [or lake) foam hiU nnrai mal'di {Nilam-tan nir-um.) kurai/ kudut-kuray maay TQMlay • For the absence of Abtiolbb in Tamil, and for Gskdeb, see Tamil Grammar Self-Taught, page 25. 14 Bngllsh. Tamil (romantzed). Pronimclfttion. ice iirai-nir lirray-neer island dlvu tAeevu lake Sri (y)ayri land nilam nilum mountain maldi ravXay mud qeru shayrru plain veli veZi pond kulam kuMm river aru ahrru rook pardi, kan-maldi pahrray, kuu-mula^ sand manal munul sea kadal kudiil shore kardi, tirain kuray, theeriim star tdragdi thahrii-gat/ storm puyal puyul stream nir-ottam neer-ohfctum tank kulam, eri kuZum, (y)ayri tide (high, low) etiam, vattam (y)ayitum, vufium valley pallattdkku puMiith-thahkku water (fresh) nalla-tannir nullu-thuwneer — (salt) uppu-t-tannlr upputh-thu«?!eer waterfall aruvi uruvi wave aldi, tirdi ulay, thiray well kinaru kinurru 3. Minerals and Metals. {Niraqa-c Brass bronze pittaldi venyalam cement chalk clay coal paqdi, pattu gimdic-cunndmhu kali-man kari copper coral diamond emerald qembu pavalam vajjira-mani, vayi- maragadam [ram glass kannadi gold granite gravel pon, tangam karu n-gal parunianal •astugal-vm uldgangal-um.) piththuZaj/ venguliim pushay, pu'ttu sheemai/oh chuwnahmbu kuZi-mun kuri shembu puvuZum vujjiru-muMi, vuyirum murugu«/tum kurenahdi pon, thung-gum kurung-Kul puru-muwul 15 Bnglish. iron lea') lime maible mercury pearl plumbago ruby sappbire silver soda steel stone tin Tamil (ronmnlzed). PronaDeiatlOB irumbu irumbu iyani qunndmbu ven-gal, mak-kal eeyum shuwwahmba vew-gul, mahk-kul ira^am muttu irusbum muttu kar-iyum mdnikkam kahr-eeyum mahwikkum nila-mani neela-muwi velli ve/i!i uvar-man uvur-muw ehku, urukku ecAku, urukku kal kul tagaram tbugfirum 4. Anima' ant barking bear bird bleating braying bull a calf cat cattle cock cow crab crow dog donkey duck eagle eel elephant feather fish Animals, Birds, (Miruyam, patci, mirugam erwnbu kuldippu karadi kuruvi, para, kadarudal kanaippu erudu, kdldi kanrii pimdi adivmadu geval, kori pagu, madu nandu kdkkdi nay karuddi tdr$ karugu malaHgu anai iragu min Fishes and Insects. mm, pucci ddigal.) mirughum (y)errumbu kula^ppti kurudi kuruvi, purruvay kutAurrut/iul kunayppu (y)eruf/iu, kahZay kundru poonay ahdumahdu shayyfil, koh-ryi pushu, mahdu nundu kahkkay nahy kn-Tj^thay thahrah ku-ryQgu mulung-ga (y)fkhnay irdigu meen 16 English. Tamil (romanized). Pronanciation. fox nari nuri goat vellddu veZJahdii he-goat vellattuk-kadd veZZahttukkudah she-goat velldttii-mari veZZahttu-murri goose vdttii, iierun-tdrd vahththu, perun-thahrab hair mayir muyir hare muqal mushul hen pettdik-kori pettaykkoh-ryi herd manddi vaxaithay hoof kulambu, kuram kuZiimbu, kuram horn kombu, kodu kombu, kohdu horse kudirdi 'kvithiray lamb attukkutti ahttukkutti hon (jingam shing-giim mane pidar-mayir pidiir-muyir monkey kurangu kuriing-gu mosquito koqugu koshu-gu mouse qund'eli shuredeli mule koveru-karuddi kohvayrru-kuryu^/tai, mungoose kiri keeri owl dnddi ehwthay ox mddu, eritdu mahdii, erutAu oysters qifipi, ippi shippi, ippi parrot kili kiZi paw nagam nugum peafowl mayil muyil pig panri pundri pigeon purd purrah prawn irdl irrahl quail kdddi kahday rat eli (y)eli salt fish uppu-min uppu-meen (dried) karuvddu kuruvahdu salt-pan or pit vpp'alam upp'uZum shark gurd-min shurrah-meen sheep ddu abdu shrimp iravu (y)irruvu silkworm pattu-nut-pucd puttu-noot-poooh-chj snake pdmbu pahmbu snipe uUdn-kuruvi uZZahn-kuruvi 17 English. sparrow spider squirrel stork swallow swan tail teal tiger trout turkey turtle (tortoise) vulture whiting wing wolf woodpecker wood-pigeon Tamil (romanized). urkkuruvi qilandi anil ndrdi, kokku tukkanan- kuruvi anna-p-patci vdl giragi, kiluvdi puli attu- (or kula'-) mln vdn-kori dmdi irdjdli kirangdn-min qiragu ondy taccan-kuruvi kdttup-ptird PronaQclation. oork-kuruvi shiluntAi UMil nahray, kokku thookkiiTCung - kuruvi unniip-putchi vahl shirrughi, kiiuvay puli ahtfu- (or kuZa'-) meen vahn-koh-ryi ahiaay irahjahZi kiryung-gahn-meen shirriigu ohnahy thu ch - chun - kuruvi kahttup-purrah 5. Trees, Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables, &o. (Marangal, parangal, pugal, klrdigal, mudaldnavdigal.) Apple (wood-) — (custard-) — pujube-) — (rose-) banana (fruit) bark beans bouquet branch cabbage, chilli cinnamon cloves cocoanut cocoanut-palm oucumber ebony fern Tamil B.-T. (See Shopping, p. 6S.] vildm-param \nund ^ttdp-param, ani- ilanddip-param janibu -ndvai-param vdraipparam pattdi avardi pun-qendu kombu cauli- kovis-kirdi [flower milagdy karuvdp -pattdi kirdmbu tengdy tenna-maram kakkari, vellarikkdy karungdli nirvembu vilahm-puryiim [inunah sheeth-thahp-puryum,u»- ilunthayp-puryum jumbu nahvut-puryiim vah -ryayp -pury iim puttay uvuray poofip-shewdu kombu gohvis-keeroy miZugahy kurruvahp-puttay kirahmbu thayng-gahy thennii-murum kukkuri, veZZiirikkahy kurung-gahli neervaymbu 18 EngUsh. Tamil (romanlzed). fig attip-param fig-tree atti-maram — (banian) dla-maram fir-tree tevaddru flower pu garlic velldi-vengdyam gjoger inji — (dried) qukku grapes mundirigdip -param kernel kottdi, paruppu leaf ildi lemon elumiccdi lily (water-) tdmardi lime elumiccan-gdy mace gddipattiri mango mdngdy, mdm- melon kommatti [param mulberry mtigukkattdiccedi nut kottdi nutmeg qddikkdy oak-tree karuvdli- mar am olive oUva-maram opinm abin orange ndrattam-para m. palmyra palm pandi peas payaru pepper milagu pineapple anndqip-param plantain vdrdip-param plum tirdtcap-param pomegranate mddaldi poppy kagakagd potatoes uru Idik-kirangu rape-seed ellu reed ndnal root ver, kirangu rose mutcewandi, rogd saffron manjal sago javvari^ tea-leaf te-yildi Pronanciatlon. uththip-puryum uththi-murum ahlu-murum *Aayviitfeihrn poo veZZay-veng-gahyiim ing\\ shukkii mtintAirigayp-puryiim kottai/, puruppu (y)ilay (y)eluniioh-cliay thahmuray (y)elumich-chung-gahy jahi/iiputh-thiri mahng-gahy, mahm- kouimutti [puryum mushukkuttaych-chedi kottai/ jahtMkkahy kuruvahli-muriim oleevii-murum ubin nahruth-thum-puiyim punay puyurru miZugu unnahsbip-puryum vahryayp-puryum thirahtchup-puryujr mahtMiej^ kushukushah uruZaj/k-kiryunggu (y)eZZu nahwul vayr, kiryiinggu mutchevvuntAi, rohshah mungjuZ juwurishi thay-yilay 19 English Tamil (romanlzed). Pronunciation. teak-tree tekku thaykku tobacco pugdi-yildi pugay-yllay tomato takkali tukkahZi tree -trunk adi-maram udi-murum vine tirdtcakkodi thirahtchuk-kodi walnut kadukkay kudukkahy 6. Colours. {Nirangal.) Black karuppu kurruppii blue nllam neelum brown uda-niram oot/iah-nirrum crimson karun-givappu kurun^-shivuppu dark kar-niram kahr-nirrum green pacodi, paqxnndi puch-chay, pushnmay grey velirina-niram veHrrinu-nirriim light (pale) numganiram munggu'nirrum orange gembidam [lam shembee«Mm pink ilan-givappu, pata- iZuMgr-shivuppu, pahtulum purple indira-nilam int/iiru-neeliun tumira-varnam thoomiru-vurwiim red givappu, gemmdi shivuppii, shemmay violet nila-qemmai neelu-shemmay white vmmdi, velldi venmay, -vellay yellow manjal-niram vaangj uZ-nirrum 7. Tin les and Seasons. {Edla-vagdi.) (Fop ConvereatlonB Bee pa ie ».) Afternoon pinneram, pitpagal pinnayriim, pitpugul birthday piranda-ndl pirruniM-nahZ Christmas Kiristu-piranda- kirristhu-pirruni/iu -puw- date tedi [pandigdi thayiAi [digay dawn vidiyat-kdlam vidiyut-kahluTTi day ndl, tinam nahZ, thhmm day-time pagal pugul day, to- inru, inrdikku indru, indraykku days of the week kiramdigal kiryiimayguZ Sunday ndyittuk-kiramdi nyahyittuk-kiryuTnay Monday tingat-kiramdi thinggut-kiryumay Tuesday qemidyk-kiramdi shewahyk- kiryumay Wednesday pudan-kirmndi putMn-kiryfimay 20 English. Tajnil (romanized). Pronunciation. Thursday viyarak-kirama i viyahryuk-kiryumay Friday- veUik-kiramdi veZZik-kiryumai/ Saturday ganik-kiramiii shunik-kiryuma?/ Easter Kiristu uyirtt' eruii- kirristhii uyirthtli'eryun da tirunal thu thirii-nahi evening gdyan-kdlaiii shahyung-kahlum fortnight irandu-kiraiiidi iruTidii-kiryumay Good-Friday peru-vellik-kiramdi peru-veWik-kiryiima!/ holiday vdvu vahvu hour ordi, mani-neram ohray, mu?ii-nayrum — , half-an- ardi-mani-neram urny-mu?zi-nayriim — , Tamil (24 ndrigdi nah-ryigay mid day [minutes) mattiydnam muth-thiyahniim midnight nadurdttiri nudu-rahth-thiri Midsummer naduk-koddi nuduk-kohdoy minute mnddi, nimiQam vinahdi, nimishiim month mddam, mdt;aiii mahthnm, mahshum month by month m.dga-vidgam mahsha-mahshum months (the) mddaugal mahthung-gul April-May glttirdi shith-thira?/ May-June vaiydgi vigahshi June-July dni ahni July-August ddi ahdi August- Sept. dvani ahviini September-Oct. purattdqi puruttahshi October-Nov. aij)pagi tppushi November-Dec. kdrttigdi kahrth-thigay December-Jan. mdrgari mahr-guryi January-Feb. tai thi February- March magi mahshi March-April panguni pungguni morning kdlame, kdlni kahlumay, kahlay this morning inru-kdlame indrii-kahlumay to-morrow ndldi, ndldikku nahlay, nahlayhku night ird, irdttiri irah, irahth-thiri noon nadup-pagal nudup-pugul seasons : kdlanga I kahlunggiiZ Spring vaganta-kdlam vushiinthTi-kahlum Summer koddik-kdlam kohdayk-kahlum Autumn kani-kdlam kuni-kahlum 21 English. Winter rainy season second sunrise sunset week year yesterday Bridge cathedral church country ditch farm farmer fence field foot-path forest gate grass hut inn jungle log market meadow mile miU monument palace road school shepherd shop sign-post Tamil (romanized). Pronunciation. qitala-kdlam sheetuZu-kahlum mdri-kalam mahri-kahlum nimiqam nimishiim udayam ut/tuyum astamanam usthumunflm vox am, kiramdi vahrum, kiryumay varusham, andu vurushiim, ahwdu nettu nayttu 8. Town and Country. (Ndttu-vagdi.) (For ConverBationB Bee page 57.) pdlam piraddnadevdlayam kovil, devdlayam nddu, deqam agar, pallam kambattam, kdni veldnmdikkdran, payir-geygiravan veil vayal, veli adippddu, qiru-pd- kddu, vanam [ddi vagal pul kudigdi qattiram hddu kattdi kaddi puttardi, paqumpun- mayil [nilam endiram, tirigdi ndbagakkurippu aranmandi, mdligdi vari pallikkHdaTn meyppan, iddiyan kaddi, qdppu vari-katti-tu"' pahlum pirudahnu t^ayvahliiyum kohvil, fAayvahluyum nahdu, t/iayshum ugiiry, puWum kumbuth-thum, kahni vayiahn-maj/kkahrun, puyir-sheyghiruvun vayli vuyiil, veil udippahdu, shiri5-pah- kahdu, vunum [thay vahshul pul kudishai/ shuth-thirum kahdu kuttaj/ kudaj/ puitura!/, pushum-pun- muyil [nilum aynf/iiriim, thirigay nyahbiigukkurrippu urujimunay, mahZigay vu-ryi puMikkoodiim mayp-pun, idoj/yiin kudaj/, shahppu vuryi-kahtti-thoon 22 Englisb. Tamil (romanized). Pronunciation. square straw street temple town town -hall university village (gatiikkam vaikkol tei'u, vidi kovil, devastdnam. nagaram, pattanam. nagara-mdligdi sarva-kald-qangarn ur, girdmam shuthiikkum vikkohl therii, veetAi kohvil, tAayviisthahnum nugiiriim, puttiiniim nugiirii-mahftgay survu-kulah-sung-giim oor, ghirahmiim 9. Mankind : Relations. (Nara-vagdi : uravu-murdi.) Aunt ; mother-in- brother (elder) [law — (younger) — -in-law ; cousin cousin (f.J; sister- in-law daughter daughter-in-law father ■'ather-in-law father's father — elder brother — younger do. — mother — sister — sister's husband grand-son ; -daugh- husbaud [ter husband's sister man mother mother's father — mother sister (elder) — (younger) son son-in-law stepmother uncle (mother's widow [broti- -n)' mdmi, audi awnan, tamdiyan tambi [nan maittunan, macci- maittuni, maccinicci magal, kumdratti marumagal tagappan, tanddi mdman tdtd, pdttan periya tagappan giriya tagappan pdtti attai ainmdn peran; pertti purugan ndtti manidan, dl tdy, avimd pdttan ammdyi akkdl tangni magan, puttiran manimagan viaru-tdy 111 dman kaim-pen, mdariii mahmi, uth-thay unnnn, thuma?/yiin thumbi [nun mith-thiiniin, much-chi- mith-thiini, much-chi- nich-chi mugliZ, kiimahriith-thi murumugiiZ thugiippiin, thunthay mahmiin thah-thah, paht-tiin periyCi thuguppiin shirriyii thuguppiin pahtti uth-thay ummahn payriin ; payrth-thi puriishiin nahth-thi munitAun, ahZ thahy, ummah pahttiin ummahyi ukkahZ thung-gay mugfin, puth-thiriin muriimugiin murru-thahy mahmiin kim-pen, vitAiivay 28 jsngUsh. Tamil (romanized). Pronunciation. widower wife — (elder) — (younger) wife's sister woman daram-irandavan man'divi, pen^adi mutta-daravi ildiya-ddram koriindi Ktiri, pen i/ialirum-iryunt/iuvun munaj/vi, pensliahtAi mooth-thu-«/iahriim ilaj/yu-(/iahrum koryuntAi sthiri, pen 10. The Human Body. (9 arirdvayavahgal.) Ankle kanukkdl kunukkahl arm buyam, karam buy urn, kurum arm-pit kakkam, akkiil kukkum, ukkui back mtidugu mu^Mgu beard tddi, miqdi thahdi, meeshay blood irattam, udiram iruththum, ut/iirum body qarlram, vdambu shureerum, udumbfl bones elwmbu elumbu bowels kudal kudul brain muldi, buddi moolay, bGddi breast, chest mdrbu, nenju mahrbti, nengija cheek kannam kunnfim chin movdykkattdi mohvahykkntta^ complexion qanra-varnavi shureeru-vuumm ears (external) kddu, gevi kahthn, shevi elbow mura'Mcai muryung-ki eye; eyeball kan; kan-viri kuw; kun-viryi eyebrow nettippuruvam netfippuruviiin eyelid kan-mndnl kuw-mudul face mugam mugum fingers kai-viral, anguli ki-virul, ung-guli foot adi, pddam udi, pahthum forehead netti, nudal netti, nufAul groin atdipputtu ura^ppoottti hair mayir, uromam muyir, urohmum hand kai \i head taldi, qiragu thulay, shiriisha heart irudayam irutMyum heel kudikkdl kufMkkahl hip iduppu iduppu jaw tdddi, alagu thahdflsy, uliigii [ kidneys mdngdyiral, niriral mahng-gahy-eerfll, [eerul 24 English. Tamil (roiuanized). Pronuneiatiou. knee muran-kdl mtiryiing-kahl leg kdi kabl lip udadu utAudu liver iral, kalliral eeriil, kulleerul lung velUral, quvaqaqa- veZteerul, shuvahshah- moustache mlgdi [yam meeshay [shuyum mouth vay vahy nails nagam nugiim neck karuttu kuryuth-thu nose mukku, naqi mookku, nahshi ribs vila-v-elumhu vilah-v-elumbu shoulders tol, buy am thohZ, buyum side vild Yilah skin tol tohl skull talaiyodu, manddi thulaj/yohdu, mundai/ spine mudug' elumbu miii/iiig'elumbu stomach vayiru, irdikkudal vuyiru, iraj/kkudul temples kannappori kunnupporri throat tonddi thoMday thumb peruviral peruvirul toe kdl-viral kahl-virul tongue nd, ndkku nah, nahkku tooth pal pul wrist manikkattu muwikkuttti 11. Health. (Qostattdi-k-kiirittu.) (For ConverBations see page 'i4.) Accident iddiyura ida//yoorru bandage kavanam, kdyakkat- kuvuMum, kahyukkuttu bile pittam [tu pith-thum bite kadi kudi — , snake- pdmbu-kadi pahmbu-kudi blindness kurudu kurudu blister koppulam kopptiZum bruise naqivu [kdyam nushivti [yun burn qudu, qud'unda- shoodu, shood'tiwdii-kah chemist's shop m arunduccdldi murun«/iuch-chahlai/ chill kulir ktiZir cholera vdndi-pedi vahnt/ii-payt/n contagion toUu-viyddi thot-tu-viyahtAi 25 English. Tamil (romanized). Pronunciatloii. corns ani, kdyppu ahni, kahyppu cough irumal irumul cramp vali, irppu vuli, eerppu cure parikdram purikahriim deaf gevidu shevidu dentist danta-vaittiijan t/sunthii-viththiyun diarrhoea vayiftuppdkku vittuppohkku [yum diet gdppddu, pattiyam shahppahdu, puth-thi- disease, illness viyddi, noy viyahtM, nohy doctor vaittiyan vtththiyun draught marunduk-kudippu murunthtik-kudippu dumb umdi, mugai [ram oomay , moogay [shahrum dysentery iratta-pedi, atiqd- iruth-thu-payt/d, uthi- exercise parakkam, payitci puryiikkum, puyitchi to faint mured moorch-chi fatigue ilaippu iZai/ppu fever kdyccal, juram kahych-chul, jurum — and ague nalir-jtiram nuZir-jurum — , enteric viga-juram vishu-juriim — , intermittent murdikkdyccal murraj/kkahych-chiil fracture uddivu udoyvu [rohgum gout guldi-noy, vdta-ro- shoolay - nohy, vahthu- headache taldi-novu {j/am thulaiz-nohvu ill, sick qugam-illdda, quga- shtigum-illahtM, shtigu- indigestion aqlranam \mna usheeruwum [veenu inflammation erivu erivu lame nondi nondi medicine marundu, auqadam, muruniM, owshu^Aum nurse tddi, kait-tdy, qevi- thahthi, kith-thahy, shevi- ointment tailam [littdy thiliim [lith-thahy pain novu, uldivu, vali nohvu, ulayvu, vuli paralysis timir tliimir pill mdttirdi mahth-thiray poison nanju,vigam[nd!iam, nuw^ju,vishiim [nahgum poultice pukkdi, pafiu, aba- pukkay, puttu, ubu- prescription vdgadamurdi vahgudfi m urray quinine kinin-marundu kinin-murun«/iu remedy parikdram purikahriim rest ilinppdHi. oyvu iZaj/ppahtti, oyvu scald venda-fjun ventM-puw 26 BngUsh. Tftmll (romanized). ProDunciation. scratch kiru, pirandu keerru, pirrahwdii lore pun pun sprain qulukku, ulukku shuZukku, uZCikku sting kodukku kodukku surgeon qattira-vaittiyan shuth-thirii-vtththiyun tonic balavirttiyauqadam bulu-virththi-yowshii- wound kdyam, pun kaliyum, puM [thum 12. Food and Drink. (Annapdnam.) Bee also pages 15 to 10. For ConversatlonB see pages 53—64.) Bacon panri-yiraicci-vat- pundriyirraychohi-vnttiil beef mattirdicci [tal mahttirrayoh-chi bottle qittdi, putti, qiqa, shith-thay, butti, sliee- bread urotti, appam urotti, uppiim [siiah breakfast kdldiccappddu kahla!/ch-chahppahdu butter venney veMwey cake jmniydram puwiyaliriim cheese pdldddikkatti pahkhdaj/kkutti chocolate qokolet shokolayt claret kilarat kiMrut coffee kdppi kahppi cream dddi, pdledu ahday, pahlaydu curry kari kurri dinner tlni theeni egga muttai nmtiay fat koruppu, ney koryuppu, ney fish mln meen floui md mah honey ten, madu thayn, mutAu ice urainda nir [jam utraynthu neer jam inippukkurambii, inippukkuryumbti, jahm kidney mdngdyiral mahng-gahy-eeriil [chi lamb qemmariydttirdiic I shemmurriyahtt' irrai/ch- lemonade elumiccampara- eMmiohchiim-puryu- raqapdna rushiipahnii luncheon ttippin, qittund tiffin, shittunah meat irdicci [yatkari irraych-chi [kurr* — , boiled aviyalirdicci, avi- uviyulirraychchi, uviyut- — , roast quttavirdicci shuttu virraych - ohi milk pdl «abl 27 English. Tamil (romauized). Pronunciation. mustard kadugu kudugu mutton attiraicci ahttirraj/oh-chi oil enney, ney ewwey, ney onion vengdyam veng-gahyum pepper rrdlagu miZugu pork panriryirdicci pundri-yirraych-chi port -wine port vain pohrt-vin pudding pittu pittu rice, raw husked ariqi urishi — , boiled goru shohrru — cakes dppam ahppum salad qallddu-kkirdi shullah^Au-kkeeray salt uppu uppu sherry geri vain sherri vin soda-water uvar-nir uviir-neer soup kuranibu, Anaiii kuryumbu, ahnum sugar gini, garkkaidi sheeni, shurkkuraj/ supper irdbbojanam irahbbohj unn m tea (beverage) te-nir thay-neer tobacco pugdiyilai pugay-yi% under-done kurdiyacceyda, kiirrayyiich-cheytAu , kurdiyaccutta ktirrayyuch-chuttu veal kanr'irdicci kundr'irraych-chi vegetable ■marakkari, pitdu murukkurri, poodu vinegar kadi kahdi water nlr neer — , cold tannlr thunneer — , hot vennir venneer well-done nanrdycceyda, nundrahych-chey«Au, nanrdyccvtta nundrahych-chuttu wine tirdtgd-ra^apdnam thirahtshah-rushupah- fnurn 13. Cooking j md Eating Utens (Por Shopping see page ils. (Qatti-pdndigal.) 59.) Basin kalagam kuliishum bowl kinnam, pdttiram kinnura, pahth-thirum coffee-pot koppip-poccu kohppi-p-pohch-ohu corkscrew kueddukki kuchch'idukki cruet-stand kuppittattu kuppith-thuttti cup koppdi, kinnam kohppay, kiwnum EnKllBh. Tamil (romanized). Pro 1 1 anciation. dish tattu, tdlam, vaitil fork mullu frying-pan porikkufiqatti glass (tumbler) palingukkinnam, grill giril \tamhalar kettle kettal, koppardi knife katti ladle agappdi, karandi lid mudi matches tlkkuccu, tiri oven aduppu, quduquldi pan gatti plate pingdn, tagadu — of leaves kalldi [ndi saucepan, pot dnaccatti, gdgujipd- saucer tdlam , pnris, tattu serviette kaikkuttdi, kaittuvd- spoon karandi [Idi — , dessert- arakkarandi — , table- dlakkarandi — , tea- uccik-karandi table-cloth meqaittuppatti tea-pot tckki'ndi, teppoccu tray tattu wineglass vayin gilds a. Dres iS and Dressing. (S ee alBO Vocabulary 16, and S: Boots nedun qappdttu, nedunjodu bracelet kanganam, kdppu braces kaccu brush kuccu, turigdi buttons kuwir, teri button-hook teripfittu calico paHjumltpudai-di cap (cloth) kulld, gim toppi cloak, cape porvdi, kuppdyam cloth pvdavdi clothes-brush udupputtuddippam thuttu, thahlum, vuttU mullu porikkun^sbutti puling-gukkiwnum, gireel [tbumbuliir kayttul, koppuray kuththi uguppaj/, kuriindi moodi theekkuch-chu, thiri uduppu, shudushooZaj/ shutti peeng-gahn, thugiidu kullay [pahna?/ ahwuch-chutti, shahshtip- thahlum, peeris, thuttu kikktittay, kiththuvablay kuriindi uriikkuriindi ahlukkuruwdi uchchik-kuriiKdi mayshaj/ththupputti thaykkewdi, thayppobch- thuttu [chfi vi'n ghiZahs ( Uduppu-vagdi.) Shopping, p. 60. 1 neduragrshuppahth-thti, nedun^johdu kung-gii?mm, kabppu kuch-chti kuch-chu, thoorigay kiimiry, therri therripoottu pu?? r/ j u-noot-pud u vay kullah, shirru thoppi pohrvay, kuppahyiim puduva?/ udtipputh-thudayppiim 29 English. Tamil (romanlzed). Fronun elation. coat nedun-^attdi nedu7i(/-shuttay comb qlppu sheeppu cotton ■panjii-nul pung'ju-nool dress (clothing) flannel uduppu, vastiram uduppu, vustirum kambalippudavdi kumbuiipptiduvay gloves kai-yurdi ki-jurray hair-pin konddik-kuccu kowdayk-kuoh-chu hat toppi thoppi jewellery panidi, dbaranam Tpnnithi, ahbiirxireiim lace pinnal, garu/dl pinnul, shurigay linen qananidpiidavdi shuwiinoofpuduvay mirror kannddi kuwTOa,hdi muslin kavani, qalld kuvuni, shuUah necklace kovdi kohvay necktie karuttukkuttdi kuryuththuk-kutta?/ needle uqi ooshi overcoat metqattdi mayfshuttoi/ parasol giru-kuddi shirru-kuday pins kunduqi kuwdooshi pocket qattdiccdkku shuttai/oh- chahkku purse jianappai puwiippi razor qavarak-katti shuvuruk-kuththi ring (for finger) ■modiram mohtAiriim scissors kattari kuth-thiiri shoe-lace qeruppin vdr sheruppin vahr silk pattu puttu skirt pdvdddi pahvahday slippers qeruppu, jodu sheruppu, johda soap qavukkdram shuvukkahrum thread nul nool tooth-brush patkurccu putkooroh-chu trousers kdtcattdi kahfchuttay umbrella ktiddi kniay veil mukkadu mukkahdu walking-stick pattukkol puttukkohl watch kadiydram gudiyahrum waterproof coat mardiccattdi muryaych-chuttajf wool kambaU kmubM 80 15. Washing List. {Karuvum. pudaidigal.) (Add gal to form the plural.) English. Tamil (romanixed). Pronunciation. Apron mun-tdnyi miin-thahng-ghi bathing-dress kuli-gildi kuZi-sheela)/ bed-clothes kattil-tuppatti kuttil-thupputti blanket kambalam kumbiiZiim bodice ravikkdi, qoli ruvikkai/, shohli cap qiru toppi, kiitld shirrii thoppi, ktillah chemise ulla-itgi uZZungghi collar karuttup-pattdi kuryuth-thup-puttai/ combinations magalir utgattdi mugiiZeer Htshuttai/ coverlet tuppatti, porppu thupputti, pohrppu cuff kaipattdi kiputtay drawers (a pair) jalladam, utkdtcattdi julludum, utkahtehuttay dress (gown) angi ungghi flannel waistcoat kambali - mdrbttcca t- kumbuZi - mahrbuchchut- handkerchief kaikkuttdi \tdi kikkattay [tay jacket araiccattdi ura!/ch-ohuttay napkin kaittuvdldi kittuvahlay necktie karuttiikkuUdi kuryuththuk-kiitta?/ night-dress ird-vdn,i irah-uday night-shirt [pair irdk-kamiiju irahk-kumishu pants (drawers), a utkdtcattdi utkahf-chuttay petticoat utpdvdddi utpahvahday pillow-case taldiyandi-y-urdi thulayjnnay-jnrray pinafore mun-tdngi mun-thahng-ghi pyjamas pajdmd pujahmah serviette kaikkuttdi kikknttay sheet tuppatti thupputti shirt kamiqu kumishu jocks (a pair) mejodu, kdlurdi mayjohdu, kahlurray stays „ kaccu kuchchu stockings „ periya mejddu periyii mayjohdu table-cloth meqdittuppatti mayshayth-thupputti towel tuvdldi thtivahlay trousers (a pair) kdtcattdi kahichuttay under-vest unmdrbuccattdi unmahrbuch-chuttaji vest mdrbuccatidi mahrbuch-chuttay 81 i 6. House and Furniture- ( Vidum adan ^dmdngalum.) (See also Vocabolary 13, page 27, and Shopping, page f>9.) Englisli. Tamil (romanized). Pronunciation. Ante-room naddiyardi, edirardi nuday-yurrar/, ei/iir-urra^ arm-chair kaiyulla n&tkdli kiyullii nahfkahli basket kuddi, petti koodai/, petti bed padukkdi, kattil pudukkay, kuttil bedroom padukkdi-y-ardi pudukkajz-yurrai/ blind (window) jannal mudun tiriii junniil moodum thiray book-case pustagak-kudu ptisthugiik-koodu box pettagam, petti pettugum, petti broom tudaippam thudai/ppum candle merugu-tiri meryugu-thiri candlestick vilakkuttandu viZukkuth-thuwdu carpet gawukkdlam shumukkahZiim chair ndtkdli [mdngal nahtkahli [mahngti/ chamber utensils padukkdiyardi ja- pudukkayyurray shah- chest of drawers Idcoippetti [kiidii lahchchip-petti [koodu chimney puydi-vdyil, pugdik- pugayvahyil, pugayk- closet (w.c.) uUardi, qittardi ullurra)/, sinttTxcray clock kadiydram, oralogi gudiyahrum, orulohshi couch gdrmandi-k-kattil shahrmuway-k-kuttil cupboard bojanapdttirapidam bohj unii-pahththiriipee- curtain tirdi thiray [dum — (window) jannal tirdi-c-cildi junnfil thiray-ch-cheelaj, cushion mettdi meth-thay dining-room gdppdttardi, bojana- shahppahtturray, bohju- door kadaim [gdldi kutMvu [nu-shahlai/ door-bell (street-) terukkadavu-mani theruk-kutAuvu-muwi drawing-room virundardi virantAurray easy chair gdymdna ndtkdli shahymahnu nahtkahli electric light mirnqdra veliccam minshahrii vefich-chum fender tUtdngi theeth-thahng-ghi fire neruppu, tl neruppu, thee fireplace aduppu uduppu floor talam thuZum garden tottam, kolldi thohttum, kollay gaa vdyuveliccam vahyii-veZich-chum grate neruppuk-kirddi neruppuk - kirah t Ai hall (entrance) vagal- qdldi vahshul shahlay 82 Knglish. Tamil (romanized). Frommciatlon. key qavi shahvi kitchen kugini kushini — dresser kugini-me<;di kushini-mayshay lamp vilakku, tlbam. viZukku, theebam [idum irraych-chiyai/ vikkum larder irdiceiyai vaikkum library puttagaqalai [idam puth- thugu-shahlay lock puttu poottu looking-glass nilaikkannadi nilaykkunwahdi piano kinndran-kud 11 kinnahrTing-koodu picture qittiram, padam shiththirum, pudum pillow taldiyandi thulayyunay poker tundu-kol thoondu-kohl '00 f kurdi kooray room ardi ■aiiay shelf tattu thuttu sideboard ^varp-palagdi shuviirp-pulugaj/ staircase padikkattu pudikkuttti stairs padigal pudigiiZ table nieqdi mayshflj/ table-cover meqdittuppatti m ay shayth - thuppu tti tiles odu ohdu tongs kuradu, idukki kurriidu, idukki vase pattiram pahth-thirum verandah viranda, tinndi virahntAah, thhmay wall quvar shuvur window jannal junnul 17. Professions and Trades. (Torilgal.) (For Shopping sea p. 69.) Architect artisan baker qitpdqdri kamnidlan, qitpan rottikkdran shitpah-shahri kummahZiin, shifpun rottikkahriin banker barber gavagdri ambattan, ndvidan shahvagahri umbiittun, nahvif^iin blacksmith kollan kollun brazier kanndn kunnahn bookseller butcher carpenter chemist (druggist) pustaga-viydhdri irdiccikkdran taccan [viydbdri marunduccarakku- ptistugu-viyahbahri hiaych - chikkahrun thuch-chun [yahhahri murundtichohuruk ku- vi- 83 GqglUh. clergyman confectioner consul cook cycle-maker dentist doctor engineer farmer farrier — (veterinary) fencing-master fruiterer fisherman (by caste) florist goldsmith grocer hatter ironmonger jeweller laundress merchant miller milhner money-changer optician {seller) painter, decorator photographer policeman porter (carrier) postmaster printer saddler schoolmaster servant shoemaker shopkeeper singer Bmith Tamil 8.-T. Tamil (romanlfsed). pddiriydr mittayikkaran piratikavalan qamaiyatkdran qakkara-qeygiravan danta-vaittiyan vaittiyan, parigdri ijUpavallavan veldnmdikkdran ilddankat tugiravan kudirdi-vaittiyan gilamba-vittuvdn kani-viydhdri qempadavan puntottakkdran tattdn, potkollan palagarakku^viydbd- toppi-qeygiravan \ri iruppukkaruvi-viyd- nagiii-viydbdri \bdri va^ndtti varttagan, viydbdri tirigaikk&ran pengalin talaikko- lan-taippavan kdqu mdttugiravan kannddi viydbdri fittirak-kdran gdyal pidikkiravan pdlis-kdrofn gumdikkdran tapdl-taldivan aecadikkiravan qenan-taikkiravan uvdttiydr veldikkdran gemmdn, gakkiliyan kadaikkdran pddfogan kanimala^ Pronunciation. pahtAiriyahr mittahyikkahrun piruthikahvulun shumayyufkahrun shukkurii- sheyghirru vun dunthu-vith-tMyun vith-thiyun, purigahri shifpiivulluvun vayZahwmaykkahrun ilahdung-kuttughirriivun kut/dray-vtth-thiyun shilumbu-vith-thuvahn kuni-viyahbahri shempuduvun poou-thohttukkahrun thuttahn, pofkoMn pulushurukku - viyahbah- thoppi-sheyghirruvun [ri iruppukkuruvi-viyahbah- nugay-viyahbahri [ri vujTwahththi vurth-thugun, viyahbahri thirigaykkahrun pe?!,guZin thulaykkoh- liin-thippuvTin kahshu mahttughirruvun kunnahdi viyahbahri shiththiruk-kahrun shahyul pidik-kirruvun pohlees-kahriin shumaykkahrun thupahl-thulaj/vun nchchudikkirruvun shayniin-thikkirruvun uvahth-thiyahr vayloykkahrun shemmahn, shukkiliyun kudaykkahrun palidugun kummahJun 84 English. Tamil (romanized). Pronunciation, Boldier porccevagan pohrch-chayvugun student wdnakkan maliwahkkun surgeon qattira-vaittiyan shuth-thiru-viththiyun surveyor (land) nilam-alapjpdn nilum-uZuppohn tailor taiyatkdran thiyufkahrun teacher uvdtti, upa-degi uvahth-thi, upuf^ayshee tobacconist pugdiyildi-viydhari p VLgayyilay - viy ahbahri tradesman varttayan, vanigan vurth-thuguu, vuwigun washerman varman vuwwahn watchmaker kediydranqeyvon ghediyahrun^-sheyvohn 18. TraYelling. [Pirayanam.) {For Conversations see pages 40 — 51.) Arrival varavu, varugdi arrive, to vandti qer bag pai, aqamhi bill kanakku, qittu box, trunk petti bridle kadivdlam cabman vandikkdran, kudi- carriage vandi \_rdikkdran coach iratam coachman irataqdrati, terppd- cushion mettdi [gan custom-house dyatturdi, revu custom-house offi- dyakkdran depart, to [cer purappadu, po departure purappddu, pokku engine iyantiram, qutti- expenses qelavu \ram fare (charge) payanakkuli guard kdvalan guide varikdtti \gam guide-book varikdttum-pusta- hat-box toppi-vaikkum-petti hotel otel, vidudi interpreter tuppaqi, quvabnavis key qdoi landlady otel-taldivi landlord (hotel) otel-kdran, -taldivan. vuruvu, vurugflty vundu shayr pi, ushumbi kunukkti, sheettu petti kudivahZum vuwdikkahrun, ktidira^/k- vundi [kahrun iruthiim iruthushahruthi, thayrp- meth-thay [pahgun ahyuth-thurray, rayvu ahyukkahrun purruppadu, poh purruppahdu, pohkku iyunthirum, shooth-thi- sheluvu [rum puyu7?ukkooli kahvulun vuryi-kahtti [gum vuryi-kahttum-pusthu- thoppi-vikkum-petti ohtel, vidutAi thuppahshi, shuvahb- shahvi [navees ohtel-thulayvi ohtel-kahrun, -thulayvun 85 English. Tamil (lomanized). Prommciation. lavatory ullardi xillxmay luggage qdman, tattumuttu shahmahn, thuttumuttu office toril-arai thoryil-urrmy payment koduttal, qamhalam, koduththiil, shumbulum, pier, bridge palam [qellu pahlum [sheila porter gumdikkaran shuma^kkahrun railway iruppuppdddi iruppupahi/iaj/ — -carriage reyilve-vandi rayyilvay-vandi — -station reyilve-stdnam rayyilvay-sthahniim receipt pattucclttu puttueh-cheettu reins kadivala-var kudivahZu-vahr road vari, mti, pdddi vuryi, veethi, pahi/iay saddle qenam shaywiim [gahrun station-master {reyilve) stdnddigd- (rayyilvay) sthahnahtAi- steamer pugdikkappal [ran pugaykkuppul strap kaccu, vdr kuch-chu, vahr ticket tundu, qittu thuwdu, sheettu tourist piayanakkdran puyunukkahrun train (railway) vandittodar vawdith-thodur voyage kappal-ydttirdi kuppiil-yahth-thira// waiter kaiydl, evatkdran kiyahZ, ayvutkahrun waiting-room katt'irukkum ardi kahthth'irukkum array whip qamikku, kaqdi shuvukku, kushay 19. Commercial and Trading Terms. ( Varttagattitkuriya qotkal.) (For ConversationB Bee pages 83 & 6S.) Account — , current — , joint — . to close — , to settle an — of sale acknowledgment advance (of money) advice, letter agency agent apprentice kanakku qellun-kanakku •poduk-kanakku kanakku-miidi kanakkut-tir rikkirayak-kanakku arikkdiyidugdi,kaig- mun-pianam \_qlttu arikkdippattiram karttattuvam kdriyakkdran torU-payila-v-udan pattavan kmiukku shellting-kuwiikku poi/iuk-kuwiikku kuniikku-mudi kuwiikkuth-theer vikkiruyuk-kuwukku urrikkayyidtigay, ki-ch- mun-punum [cheettu urrikkaj/pputtirum kurth-thuth-thtivum kahriyukkahrun thoryil-puyilu-v-udun puttiiviin 86 Englisb. arrangement arrears assets authorize, to average balance (remain- — -sheet [der) bank bearer bill — of exchange — of lading bond, in bonded goods book-keeper brokerage business buyer cargo carriage — (freight) cartage catalogue charter a ship, to claim clearing-house clerk [(customs) commercial travel ler company — , a limited complaint contract cost, insurance and freight (c.i.f.) credit balance creditor customs' duties damages Tamil (romaniied). tittani-paiinudal niluvai, pdkki porul, vastu adigdran-kodu Qardqari niluvai, kaiyiruppu pdkkittdl bdngu, kdgukkadiii kondu varugiravan kanakku-c-cithi undiyat-cittu vdrndmdccittu pandaqdldiyil pandaqdldiyil vaitta qdmangal, 0niap kanakkan [porul taragu [bdram veldi, kariyanijviyd- vildikku vdngugira kappatcarakku [van qumdi-kuli etttimadi, kehu vandiccattam attavandi, ddppu kelvukkukkodii todarcci, tdvd dyatturdi, irevu kumastd mydpdrattukku pi- raydnakkdran kuttam, qangam mattuppatta gangam murdippddu,pirddu udanpadikkdi vildiyum uttaravd- damum. kelvum kaiyiruppu kadan koduttavan tirvdi, dyam, qun- (jedattin vildi [gam Fronnnclation th i ttum -puMMtit Aiil niluvay, bahkki porui, rusttl uiAigahrung-kodu shurahshuri niluvaj/, kiyirtippu bahkkith-thahZ bahng-gii, kahshukkudai/ kowdu vuriighirruviin kuniikku-ch-cheettii ujidiyuJ-cheettu vahrnahmahch-cheettu puwdushahlai/yil pundushahlaj/yil vith-thti shahmahngiiZ, shay- buniikkun [miipporuZ thurugu [bahriim vaylay, kahriyam, viyah- vilaykkii vahnggughirru- kuppiitchurukku [viin shumoy-kooli &jttvimnth{, kayZvii vundich-chuth-thum uttiivunay, dahppu kayZvakktikkodu thodiirch-chi, thahvah ahyuth-thurraj/, irayvu gumusthah viyahpahrutli - thukku piriiyahniikkahriin koottum, shunggiim muttupputtu shunggum murrar/ppahdu, pirahtAu udunpudikkay vilayyum uth-thuriivah' t^iimum kayZvum ktyiruppu kudiin koduth-thnvun theervay, ahyum, shiing- shaytWththin vilay [giim 31 EngUsli. Tamil (romanlzed). Pronnncitttlon. damages, to claim qedaUin vilm kel shaytMth-thin vilay kayZ date, at three idu mudal muririi ithn muthnl moonru months' mddattukku maht^uththiikku debit and credit pattu-varavu putiu-vuriivu debtor kadan-karan kudiin-kahriin deed qadanam shahiAiinum deliver, to oppukkodu {kod/utta oppukkodu [koduth-tbu delivered free ilavaqamdy oppuk- iliivushumahy oppuk- demurrage padippanam pudippunum director evuvdn, taldivan ayvtivahn, thula^viin discount tallupadi thuWupudi -, to kurdi, kari kHrray, kuryi dividend [dues pacciyam pahch-chiyiim dock and harbour turdiinugattlrvdi thurraymtigath- the&rray drawer (of bill) qamhiradi, irdyaqan shumbiriiiAi, irahyiishiin duty, export eftnmadittwvdi ayMumut^ith-theervay free tirvdiyillddadu theervay-yillah^/iut^u — , import irakknmadittirvdi irrukkumutAith- theervoi/ — , liable to tirvdiydna theervflj/yahnii enclosed adiiitta, wllitta udayth-thii, uZ/ittu enclosure adaippu, adakkam udayppu, udukkum endorse, to qellu-vai sheliu-vt endorsement qellu ghellu exchange (of money) vattam vuttiam [shahlaj/ factory toril nadattun qdldi thoryil nudiith-thujigr the firm varttagar-kuttam vurth-thiigur-koottum forwarding anuppum unupptim — agent oppaddi-qeyvon oppuday-sheyvohn gross weight moftccmdna pdram moththumahnu bahriim guarantee uttavavddi tith-thfiruvaht/ii l.O.U. kadan qittit kudiin sheettii import and export irakkw/nadiyum et- irrukkumutMytim ayttii- income varavu [tumadiyum vuriivu [mut/dytim information qaimdqdram shumahshflihriim insurance uttaravddam uththuriivahtMm! [gun — broker uttaravdda-taragan uththuruvahtM-thurii- — company nashtapdlana qan- nashtupahlunii shung- gam [nam gu'm [tAunum — policy uttaravdda-qdda- uth thuriivaht/m - shah - — premium uttaravdda-panam uthfchuriivah«/iii - puwiiip S8 English. Tftmll (romanlzed). Prontmclatlon. insure against, to interest lease — -holder liabilities load, to loss manager market — , foreign — , home — -day — dues — price negotiable, saleable order (for goods) packing partnership payable per cent, percentage price list — , net — , selling — , wholesale property quotation (of price) ready money receipt registered letter — tonnage registration fee rent representative retail — , to sell by uttaravddam pannu vatti pattd pattadar kadamai (jumattu, pdramettu nattam, kedu, pddu kdriyakkdran kaddi, ganddi paradegaccanddi gudeqaccanddi qanddi-kudu-ndl kaddi-tlrvdi [vildi nirakku, qanddi- qellat-takka, vifkak- kelvi [kudina kattudai kuttu, panguddimdi qelutta vendiya nuttukku [dam nuttukanakkwiffi- vildi, nirakku nirakku-ndmd kolvildi viikira vildi mottavildi uddimdi, dsti, pond vildikkuripim rokkam, kaippanam pattucmttu, kaippattu [dam padivu-qeyda kdr/i- ddppil erudi vaitta kappaLpdram ddppif cerkkdi-p- panam vddagdi dutan, piratikdran (jillardi qillardiyil vil uththiiruvaht^iim punntt vutti puttah puttahi/iahr kudiimay [ayiiu shiimuththu, pahrum- nuttum, kaydu, pahdti kaliriyukkahriin kuda^, shunthay pnruth&jsh.u.ohchnnthay shut/iayshiichchunt/iaj/ shuntAatz-koodu-nahZ kuday-theervay nirukku, shu.nthay--vilay shelliith-thukkii, viikiik- kayZvi [koodinu kutttiiAiil koottu, pungudaymai/ sheluth-thii vayndiyii nootJukku [thum nootJukuwiikku vighi- vilaj/, nirukku nirukku-nahmah kohilay vitkirrii vilay moththu-vilay udaymay, ahsthi, poru/ vilaykkurrippii rokkum, ktppunum puttuchcheettu, ktppuWu [thum put/iivu-sheyf/iu kahghi- dahppil eryutAi viththii kuppiil-bahrum dahppifchayrkkay - p - pumum vahdugay tAoothun, piruthikahrun shillurray shillurra//yil vil 89 BngllBh. salesman (seller) settling day share ship, to shipping charges — house solvent stock stock-broker trade (in general) underwriter wharf wharfage wholesale Tamil (romanized). vitldravan kadan tirkkira ndl paiigu kappalil ettu kappal qelavu kappalit qarakk'ettu- gira viydbdrigal kadantirkkakhudiya kaiyirukkira porul taragan viyabdram \yadi pindiyali, uttara- ett'irakkumadi-pan- nun turai karai-vddagdi mottamdy Pronunciation. vifkirruviin kudun theerkkirrii nahZ punggu kuppulil ayMu kuppul sheWva kuppiiliJ shuriikk'aytHl- ghirru viyahbahrigui kuduntheerkkiikkGodiyu kiyirukkirru poriiZ thuriigiin viyahbahrum [vahtAi piwayyahZi, uth-thurii- ayM'irrukkumu(Ai-pun- nun ihmay kuray-vahdiigay moth-thiimahy 20. Post-oflBoe and Telegrams. (Tapdlaikkurittu.) (For ConversationB see page 56, and lor Postal Bates see page SO.) Book post cable (telegraph) cable, to letter post money order newspaper wrapper parcel post postage paid postage stamp postal (pillar-) box postman postmaster post-ofBce register (a letter), to reply paid telegraph form — messenger telephone to be called for pustagam-ancal mintapdl, tandi min-qeydi-y-anuppu kdgidattapdl tapdl-undiyal quttu qippattapai tapdlkuli kodukkap- pattadu tapal-muttirdi tapdl-peUi,-tun-peiti tapdt-{ancat-) kdran tapdl-talaivan tapdl-vidu, -kantor padivu vai marumoriccelavu kodukkappa Uadu mintapdl kaduddqi mintapdl qevagan turappequm yanti- ketkaDpada \ram pusthiigum-awjfchul min-thupahl, ihmxthi min-shhaytM-y-unuppu kahghitAuth-thupahl thupahl-undiyiil shiiMu shippiith - thupahl thupahlkooli kodukkup- puttiitAu thupahl mtith-thiray thupahl-petti, -thoo«petti thupaht- (uw(7chut-) kah- thupahl-thulayvun [riiii thupahl-veedu, -kunthohr pufMvii \i murrumoryich-clieliivii kodukkupputtiitAu minthupahl kudu inattum. hive (bee-), terikudu hold, v., pidi; knl. [mdna, hollow, a., kuraldna ; palla hollow, n., kural, pallam. holy, tiru, pariqudda. home, mdu. [ydaa. honest, nermdiyuUa, unmdi- honesty, unmdi ; nermdi. honey, ten. honour, mdnam, pUjdi. honourable (in addressing), irdyastiri; kanam-ulla. hook, n., timdil, koluvi ; v., mdttu, koluvu. hope,n., nambikkdi; v.,nainbu. horn, kombu. horsekeeper, kudirdi-k-kdran. horse-shoe, Iddam. hospital, dspattiri. hot, quddna ; kdramdna. hot season, koddi-k-kdlam. how, eppadi. how many, ettandi. HOW how much, evvalamt. hunger, pagi. hungry, pa^yulla. hunt, n., vettdi ; v., rettdiya- hurt, nogappannu. [du. husk, umi;ddu, hut, kudigdi. I, nam. idea, ahippirayam. idiot, payittiyakkdran. idle, fombdna. idleness, qomhal ; dlagiyam. if, ajtaZ. ignorance, am/ndnam. image, qdyal, qurWpam. imitate, p6la-g-qey. immediately, udane. immovable7 aqdivatta. impatience, pordmdi. imperfect, kurdivdna. important, piraddna. improper, tagdda. [Uruttu. improve, v.intr., tirundu; -v.tT., impudent, tudukkdna. impurity, agtiddam. incessant, oydda. inch, angulam. income, varavu, ddayam. increase, v., adigari; perugu. incurable, aqdttiya. indebted, hadari patta. india-rubber, rappar. indigo, avuri. industry, mvyaiqi, ukkam, infant, kuranddi. inform, teriyappaduttu. inhabit, kudiyiru. inhabitant, kudiydnavan. injustice, aniydyam. inquire, vigdri; kel. 79 KIC insensible, unarcciyilldda. insert, iddiyile ger. inside, utpuram. inspect, godi. inspection, parigodandi. instead, padildga. instruct, podi ; padippi. instrument, dyudam ; karuvi. insubordinate, kirppadiydda. insufficient, poddda. insult, n., avamdnam, ninddi. intention, ginddi, nokkam. interpreter, tuppdgi. invite, ardi. inward, ulldna. iron, a., iruppu ; n., iruni.hu, irrigate, mr pdyccu. is, undu. it, adu. Jackal, nari. jail, mariyal-vidu ; girdi^g- jar, jddi. [gdlai. jealousy, ericeal, erivu. jest, parigdgam, keli. jewel, nagdi; dbaranam. join, v.tr., qer, indi; v.intr., ger, kudu, porundu. joint, n., poruttu; kanu; kti- joy, kalippu. [Idiccu. judge, n., nitipati; nUivdn. judgment (decision), tlrppu. juice, gdram. [naduttirvdi. jump, kudi. junction, gandi. jungle, kddu. jury, yurimdr; pangdyattar justice, niydyam. Keep, vai; kd. kick, V. &n., uddi. 80 KIL kill, koliii gey; kol. kiln, cfddi. kind, n. (sort), inam, vaydi. kind, a., daydiyulla. kindle, v., mulu, tippaftu. kindness, dayavu ; patcam. king, irdjd, araqan. kingdom, irdjjiyam ; araqu. kite (hawk), parundii; (toy) pattam. kitten, pundik-kxitti. knock, v., adi; tattu. knot, mudiqqu. know, v., ari. knowledge, arivu. Labour, veldi ; pirayaqam. labourer, kuliydl. lad, podiyan. ladder, eni. ladle, agapjpdi. lady, turdi-qdni. lameness, mudam. language, bdshdi. lantern, lantar; dlpakkudu. lap, modi. lap, v., nakku. large, periya ; parutta. last, a., kaddiqiydna. last, v., tanyu, ndtpadu. latch, kadavu mdtti. late, adv., pindi. late, pindina ; (deceased) mdji, irandu pona. lath, variccu. [rippu. laugh, v., qiri; nagdi; n., qi- law, kattaldi, vidi, nlti; qat- lay, v., vai. [tav'i. lead (metal), n., iyam. lead, v., mundi-p-po; nadattu. leaf, ildi. LIT leak, n., orukku. lean, a., melinda. lean, v., qdy, gar. leanness, melivu. leap, v., pay ; kudi. learn, ;jadi, kal. leave, v., vittuppo ; n., viddi, leech, attdi. [uftaravu. left (side), idadu. leisure, qdvagdqam. lend, iraval kodu. length, nllam. lessen, kurdi. lesson, pddam. let, v., vidu. [p., mattam. level, v., niravu, qamam-dkku; liberty, vidndaldi. lick, v., nalika. lie down, v., padu. lie (to speak falsehood), poy- life, uyir, jivan. [qol. lift, v., tukku; edu. light, a., ileqdna. like, a., pol ; otta. lime (slaked), qunndmbu. lime (fruit), teqik-kdy: elumio cam-param,. lime-squeezer, teqikkdyidukki. limestone, qukkdn kal. limit, n., mattu, elldi. line (row), nirdi; (stroke) irekdi, klru, vari; (cord) kayiru; (thread) nul. linger, tdmadappadu. link (of a chain), qangili- valdiyam ; v., pindi. lintel, nial nlldi. list (schedule), n., qdbida, attavandi. listen, uUu-k-kel. little, qinna qiru. LIV live, a., uyirtdla. live, v., glvi; pirdi; vagi. load, n., pdram, gumdi; v., pdrameMu, gumattu. loam, pagalai-man. locust, vettukkili. long, a., nilamdna, ninda, nedu; v., dgi, icci. longing, dgai. look, v., nokku, par. loop, kurdiccu. loose, avirnda ; talarttiydna. loose (untie), v., avir. lop, v., tan, vettii. lord (master), dndavar. lose, ira ; irandu po. loss, iravu, pddu. lot (share), pangu, vidatn. lotus, tdmardi. loudly, urattu, vrakka. love, n., anfcw, negam; v., areiw vai, meji, virumbu. low, kirdna, tdrnda. lower, v.tr., irakku; intr., tar. lump, n., A;aiii. Mace (spice), qddippattiri. machine, guttiram. mad, payittiya ; unmatta. madam, ammdi, egamdni. magistrate, niyayddipati. maim, v., unappaduttu. make, v., pannu. — (cause to become), dkku. Maldive fish, vidgi. male, n. & a., an. mallet, kottdn. manage, kaiydlu, nadappi. mango tree, mdmaram. mango fruit, mdm parani, manliness, dnmdi. 81 MID manner, mddiri,vidam ; vagdi. manners, good, nallornkkam. mansion, mMigdi. manufacture, kaittoril. manure, n., eru, uram. many, anega, pala, vegu. map, dega-p-padam. mare, pettdi-k-kudirdi. margosa, vembu. margosa leaves, vepp'ildi. mark, kuri ; addiydlam. mark, v., addiydlam pddu. marriage, kaliydiiam. master, egamdn, vdtti. matter, n., porul; gangadi. mattock (mamatty), manvetti. mature, v., paru. maturity, pakkuvam. meal (flour), md. mean (low), niga, atpamdnd. mean, v., karudu. meaning, karuttu ; aruttain. meanness, nigam, pigunam. measure, n., alavu. measure, v., ala. meet, v., gandi, edirppadu. meeting, kattam, ; gangam. melt, kardi ; urugu. member (of the body, etc.), avayavam. memorandum, iydddstu. memory, ndbagam ; yddi. mend, parudu par. mention, gol, arivi. merchandise, viydbdram; ga- rakku. merchant, varttagan;viydbdri, mercy, irakkam. method, orungu; vidam. middle, nadu. midst, n., nadu; maiyam. T»mU S.-T. 82 MID midway, adv., ulmvaHifU. mildness, gdndam. mind, n., wianam. mine, n., guranffam, kani. mineral, niraqa vastu. mingle, kala, toy. minute (tiny), nutpamana. mischief, kurumbu; tingti. misery, nirppandam. misfortune, iddiyuru, dbattu. miss, v., piqagu. mistake, n., pirdi, tappidam, mistress, eqamdtti. mix, v., kala. mixture, kalappu. model, n., mddiri. moisture, paqdi, iram. more, adiga; innam. mortar, ural ; (cement) qandu. mosque, pallivaqal. moss, paqi. moth, pucci, puru. motive, kdranam, nokkam mould, n., accu, karu. mound, viedu, tidal. mount, v., eru. mourn, v. , tukkan kondddu. move, v., aqdi; ddu. mow (cut), aru ; vettu. [ba. much, adigam; migudi; rem- mud, qeru ; qagadi. [agan. Mohammedan, tulukkan, qon- multiply, v.tr., perukkv, adi- gari; intr., perugu. murder, koldi. music, qangldam. must, vendwm. myself, ndnS. Nail, dni ; (finger-) nagam. name, n., per; v., peyar-idu. NUM narrowness, idukkam. native, n., fudeqi. nature, iyalbu. near, kitta. near at hand, anddiyil, nearly, konjan kurdiya. nearness, qamibam. necessity, avaqiyam, tevdi. needle, Uqi. neglect, n., aqattdi; kavaldi- neighbour, ayaldn. [yinam. neighbourhood, ayal. nest, kudu. net, valdi. never, orukkalum illdi. new, pudu. news, qeydi. next, a., adutta; aAv.,adukka. nibble, n., ari. nip, v., killu. no, illdi. noise, qattam; irdicial. nonsense, puttiyinam. noose, gurukku, pdgam. nor, dvadu. north, n., vadakku. north wind, vdddi. north-east monsoon, jiirir-mdri- kdlam ; piqdna kdlam. nostril, mukku-t-tuvdram, not, illdi; alia. note (memo), kurippu; (letter) note, v., karittu vai. [qittu. nothing, onrum illdi. notice, arivittal; arikkdi. notice, v., kavani ; par. notion, ennam. now, ipporudu; ippo. nowadays, inndtkalil. nowhere, oridattilum illdi. number, ilakkam. NUM number, v., eitnu. nut, kottdi. Oar, tandii, tuduppu. oath, andi. obedience, kirppadidal. object, vi^ayam, ndkl,am. object, v., tadu ; atcebi. objection, atcebam; taddi. obsetvanee, dgdram. obstruct, vari'y-addi, mari. obstruction, adaippu. obtain, addi, peru, kiddi. occasion, veldi ; tarunam . occasionally, iddikkiddiye. occupation, v&ldi, toril. occupy, kudhjiru, vaqam pmmii odour, vdqandi ; manam. off, tura ; rilaga. offence, kutfam, kurdi. offend, anaqdram pannu. office (room), dpiqu; uttiyoga qdldi. office (berth), nttiyoriarn. often, adikkadi. oil, mindi. old, pardiya. old man, kiravan. old woman, kiravi. omit, vittu vidu. on, mele. once, orutaram; oriiviqdi. only, mdttiram, open, v., tira. order (command), kattaldi ; (regularity) variqdi ; orun- order, v., dkkiydM. [gu. origin, mulam. ornament, ani ; alangdram. orphan, pettdr illdda pilldi. other, maru, maita. 88 PAY ought, vendum, out, purambi. outward, purambdna. oval, a., miittdi vadivand, over, mel, [podu. overcharge, v., adiga-vildi- overflow, tadumbu; kardipu- rand'odu. overlook (neglect), pdramal vidu; (look over) melnqdri. overseer, kangdni, overtake, todarndu pidi. owe, kadan patt'iru. own, a., tan, qonda. own, v., urimM-y-dkku. \yan, owner, condakkd/ran, uddiya- Pace (step), nad&i. pack (sack), podi. pack, v., adukku. pack-bullock, podi-madu. package, kattu. page (of a book), pakkam. paint, n., varnam. paint, v., varni ; varnam puqu. pane of glass, kawnddit tattu. panel, addippalagdi. pardon, n., mannippu. parents, pettdr. part, n., pangu. part, v., pang'idii; pirindupo, partiality, patcapddam. party, n., kUttam; patqattdr. pass (away), kari, ningu. pass (current), v., qel. pass over, v., hadandu po. passenger, varippokkan. pasture, nteyccal. pat, v., tattu. patience, porumai, pave, kaipdvu. PAW paw, kal kai. \adagu vai. pawn (pledge), n., adagu ; v., pay, v., geliittu, gambalam kodu; n., (jambalam. peace, camdddnam. pea-fowl, niayil. peculiar, viqeqamana. peel, peel off, v., uri. peep, v., etti-p-par; otti-p-pdr. peg, n., niulai, dppu. pen al ty , dandam. people, janam. perceive, v., Mnu ; art. perception, terind'aridal. perfection, qampuranam. peril, avadi, ahattu, mogam. period, kdlam. perish, ari; ndga-p-padu. perjury, poyydnai. permanent, nildimdiydna. permission, uttarani, vidiii. permit, n., uttaravuggittu ; v., ottu, vidu. perseverance, viddmnyafci. person, dl;peyar. perspiration, verrdi. persuade, inakkappaduttu , gammadappaduttu. pestle, ulaklidi. [/mm. petition, arji; manu, riimaji- phial, kuppi. pick (peck), v., kottu, /a- duni/u: (choose) terind'cdu. piece, tiindu. pierce, kuttu. pile (h eap) , n, iwviyal; (stake) palan-tdnyi. pile up, v., aditkku. pillar, tun. pin, kundugi. pincers, idukki. 64 POS pinch, v., killu. pipe (tube), kural. pipe (tobacco-), gungdn, pistol, kdi vedi. pit, kari, kidangu. pitch (tar), kil. pity, n., pariddbam. place, idam. place, v., vdi ; podu. plaintiff, vddi ; varakkdli. plan (method), drungu, upd- plane, civuli. [yam plane, v., givu, irdi. plant, v., ndttu ; unru. plaster, n. (medicine), paf±u. gervdi ; (mortar) gdndii , plaster, v., pilgu. [puccu. platform, meclai. play, v., vildiyddu. plead for, parindu pegu. pleasant, iniya. pleasantness, inimdi, inham. plenty, miyudi ; nirdivu. plough, v., uru ; n., kalappdi. pluck, v., pari, pidungu. plunge, v., aiiiirn'dii. pocket, geppu; gattdi-c-cdkku. pod, lu'ftn. point, n., nuni. point out, v., gutti-k-kdttu. poison, nanjii ; vigam. pole, kambam. polish, v., minukku. [ram. politeness, mariydddi, upagd poll-tax, taldivarippanam. pool, kuttdi ; taddgam. population, kudi-janam. portion, pangu. position, idam. positive, urudiydna tirkka- mdjia. P08 possession, udamdi, urimdi ; (lordship) dtci. post (mail), tajMl. post (pillar), tun ; Ml. post (letters, &e.'), v., tapalil postpone, kadattii. [podit. pot, kalam, pdndi ; kopjicii. potter, kugavan. pouch, gdkku ; pai. pound (weight), irattal. pound, v., kuttU; idi. pour, vdr. poverty, tarittiram; vaiumdi. powder, tul, podi. power, pelan ; vallamdi. practice, appiydqam; payitci. practise, v., apply aqampannu. praise, n., pugarcci; Uiti. praise, v., pugaru. prayer, n., qeham,, pira/rttandi. preach, piraqangi. precious, arumaiyana. prefer, terindu kol. preparation, dyattam,ettanam. prepare, dyattam pannu. presence, mugada; mun. present (now), nigarugira, nadakkira. [dqar. present (being), mvnirukkira; present (gift), vegumdnam ; qantosham. present, v., kodu, oppuvi. preserve, v., kdppdttu. press (wine-, &c.), dldi. press, v., amukku ; nerukku. press out (by hand), v., piri, adukku. pretend, pdvandi kdttu ; pd- qdngu pannu. prevent, tadu; mari. previous, mn 86 PUB prey, irdi. price, vildi. prick, v., kuttu ; tai. prickly, mullulla. pride, dngdram, perumdi. prince, irdja-kumdran. princess, irdja-kumdratti. principal, a., piraddna ; (of money), mudal. print, v., accadi. prison, kdoatkudam. prisoner, kaidi, mariyatkdran. private, irahaqiya. prize, pandayam, ottam. proceed, nada, purappadu. proceeds, varumdnam. produce, n., palan; vildiccal. produce, v., palan kodu; vildi. product, palan ; vildivu. profession, veldi, uttiyogam. profit, n., ildbam; v., pali. promise, n., vdkkuttattam. promise, v., vdkkuttattam (;i'y. pronounce, uccari. proof, attdtci; uruqu. prop, muttu. proper, tagudiydna. property, uddimdi; dsti. proportion, piramdnam , alavu proprietor, uddiyavan. prosecute, todar. prosper, qitti, varu. protect, kdppdttu. protection, pdlanam, kdppu. prove, oppi; meyppi. provide, qambddi, qegai-i. province, nddu. provoke, kobamuttu. prune, narukku, kavdttu qey. pruning-kiiife, kavdttuk katti. public, piraqittamdna. 86 PUB publish, arivi, piraqittam pan- pull, v., iru; n.jiruppu. [nu. pulley, kappi. pulp, (fuldi; taqdi. pulse, n,, nddi. punctual, nevan-tararada. punish, tandi. pupil, ifishan, mdndkkan. purchase, v,, vildikku vdiigu. push, v., tailu. put, idii, vai ; jiodu. putrid, arugaldna. putty, makku ; patti. Quality, gunam. quantity, alavu. [dam. quarrel, n., qanddi; vdkkurd- quarter (■^), kdl, kdlvdgi; (direction) digdi. queen, irdjaUi, irdiastiri. quench, midi, avi. quench thirst, ddhan tir. question, v., kel; n., kelvi. quick, (jiklnramdna. quickly, qlkkiramdy ; guriik- quietness, amdidi. [Jtdy. quill, iragu. quite, mutfilum. Rail, kir&di. rain-coat, viariii-c-cattdi. rainy seasgn, mdrikdlam. raise, tukku;ettu. rake (tool), kuppdi vari. rank, n. (o der), laiiqdi, an- dastLi ; (dignity) menmdi, rap, v., tattu. rapid, virdivdnfi. rasp (file), n., ararr>- rasp, v., ardvu. rate (ratio), vidam, faram. EEP raw, paced iijana. razor, qavarakkatti. reach, v., ettu. read, vdci ; padi. readiness, dyattam. real, ulla, meyydna. reap, aru ; ari. rear, v., volar. reason, yutti; mugdndiiam. receipt (note), pattucclttu , iragittu. receive, etiukkol; pattu; vdngu. reckon, kanakk'idu, eiinu. recognise, ari. recover (get back), tiriimba addi. \^padu. recover (from illnesg) , qugap- rectify, qarippaduttu; tiruttu. redeem, mlttu-k-kol, Redeemer, niUpar. reduce, kurdi. reed, ndnaL. refresh one's-self, muqippdttu. refuse, v., nuiru : n,, karivu. register, n., attarandi, ddppu, regret, n., manastdbam ; v. regular, orungdna. [tukhi, regulate, tittappaduttu. reject, tallu. relate, qoUu ; vivari. relationship, uravu. release, v., niduvi. relieve, udavu. remain, tangu; nildi; tari. remainder, miccam; mldi. remember, nindivu kur. remove, ediittu-p-p6du ; peyar. renew, puduppi. vent, n., vddaiidi. rent, v., vadagdikku edu. repair, v., papudu par. REP report (inform), v., ariri; terivi; n., kelvi, arikkiii. resign, oppukkodu ; idttuvidu. resin, kungiliyam. resolve, v., twma/id, [nu. respect, v., m^i; kat^ffm-pan- respect (homage), n., mariya- dai, vanakkam. rest, ildipparufial. rest, v., ildippary, ; oy. restor.e, pirujtkboi-k-kodu, restrain, adcikku ; tadu. result, p., palan- mu^ivu. retail), vfiiftukkfll, retire, pilg^u, pf^nidit. return, v., tirumbu.' reveal, velippaduttu. revenue, varumanam. reverence, n., vaiiakkam, van- danarn; y., rnadi, vananffu. reward, n., poXap, vegumadi. ride, v., ku4irai erippp; n., qavdri. ridge (of a house), mp,gadii; (of a field) vara/mhu ; (of a hill) ucgi. riglit (lawful, porrect), niya- yamdna; qciriydno- right (oorr.ectness), ^ari, niti. right (siyf 87 SAL roll (scroll), n., qa,ul. roll, v.intr., puralu, urulu ; tr., uruttu, cuf^ttu. wot, kprfingu; ver. rop.e, kayi'jru. rough, muraddna. {ydvQi. round, a., rattamfiiia; i4,j],ddi- round, prep., (jufii ; qy/ro,. rouse, v.tr., eruppu; tundu, intr., erumbu. row, v., tflfidu vali. row (line), n., nirdi; varigdi. royal, irdjarigama^. rub, v.tr., tudM, fey; intr., ur^ilju. rude, tadinaifidng, ; murattu. rug, kambali ; qHl. [afi. ruin, n., arivu, kedu ; v. k«dy,, rule (as fopt-njle), kol. rule (regulation), orungu, gattam, vidi. rule, v., adigdran qey; dlu. ruler (governor), aniiaran, adipati; (instrument) rul- kambu. rumour, omgl, peccp. run, v., odu. riipee, rubdy. rush, v., pdy. rust, p., tvrtt. Sack, gdkkii: pai- sackcloth, ijattu. sacred, tiru ; tiwiyfi. sacrifice, pali. sadpess, iukkam; tuyaram. safe, a., pattiramdna ; qugfmid- saffron, manjal. \na. sailor, Ifaippatkdrff^n. salary, gamhalam. sale, vitpandi. 88 SAL saleable, vilkaUakka. salt, adj., uppdna. salt-pan, alam. salutation, vandanatn, upaqa- salvation, iratcippu. [ram. same, ore. sample, mustar, mddiri. sandal- wood, gamlana-maram. sandals, geriippu. sap, qaram. satisfaction, tiratti. savage, a., kodiya. save, iratci. saviour, irtcagar. saw, n., vdl; v., vdldl ari. sawyer, vdi-kdran. say, gol ; en. scales, tardgu. scarcity, ktiraiccal. scatter, v., qidaru. school, pallikkudam. science, gdstiram, kalvi. scissors, kattarikkol. scold, v., kobittu-p-pegu; kandi. scorpion, tel. scrape, gurandu. scratch, v., kiru, gori. scream, n., kadarugdi; v.,vlr- screw, tirui/dni. [idu. screw, v., tirugdni yidu : mu- rukku. scrub, v., tSy, tuddi. sculpture, gittaravittdi. scurvy, gori karappan. scythe, viccarirdl. search, v., Udii; drdy, tigdri; n., godandi. secret, n., iragagiyam. section, pangit, pirivu. security, pindi, jdmin. see, par. SHO seed, vittu ; vidai ; loWii. seedling, kanru, ndttu. seem, tonru. seize, pidi;pari. seldom, adv., ariddy. select, v., terind'edu. self, tdn. sell, vil. send, anuppu. sense, butti. [vatta senseless, buttiyilldda; unar- sensible, butiiynUa. sentence (decision), tirppii. — (gramm.), vdkkiyam. separate, adj., tanitta ; vev- verdna. separate, v., piri. set (place), v., vai; (plant)^ ndttu; (as the sun) antarnk set out, purappadu. set down, irakki vidu. settle, v.tr., tlrttu-p-podu. severe, kadinamdna. sew, tai. shadow, niral. shake, agdi ; udaru. shallow, a., dramatta ; n., shame, vetkam. [kalam shape, vadiou ; uruvavi. share, n., pangu,pdgam. sharp, kurmdiydna. shave, gavaram pannu. she, aval. shed, v., cindu, gori. shed, n., kudigdi, gdgdi. sheet, tuppatti. shelf, tattu. shell, qippi; odu, gangu. shelter, v.tr., odukku; n., tan- shoe-laoe, gappdttu vdr. [jam. shoot (with gun), vedi vai. SHO shop, kadai. short, kuttai yana ; kittina. shout, v., qattam podu, drp- show, v., kdttu. [pari. shrink, qurungu. shut, addi; qattu. sickle, arivdl. sickness, viyadi ; ndvu. side, pakkam ; (of body) vila. sieve, qalladdi; qnlagu; sift, tellu ; qali. [muram. eight, parvdi. sign, n., addiydlam. sign, v., kaiyoppam vai. silence, maunam similarity, oppu, qamdnam. simple, peddimdiydna. sin, pdvam. since, adv., adumudal ; tottu, padiydl. sincere, unmdiyulla. sing, pddu. single, ottdiydna. sink, v., amir ; amirttu. • sir, aiyd. sit down, utkdru, site, idam. size, alavu. skill, gdmarttiyam. slab, kal-tagadu, palagdi, slacken, negir. slavery, adimdi. sledge-hammer, qammatti. sleep, tukkam ; urakkam. sleep, v., tungu ; nittirdi gey ; urangu. slender, melivdrui. slice, v., ^vu. slide, v.tr., qan; intr., naruvu. slip, v., tavaru; n., piqagu, tappu. 89 SOW slit, klru. slow, tdmadamdna. slowly, meduvdy. sluice, tannir-k-kadavu. email, qinna. small-pox, ammdi, smash, v., neri ; norukku. smell, v., mo, mana; n., manam, gandam. smoke (a cigar), v., quruttu- smoothness, oppam, [k-kudi. snare, n., kanni. snipe, ulldn. so, appadi ; ippadi. soak, v.intr., uru. soak, v.tr.., iira vai; toy. sober, veriyilldda, telivdna. soft, meduvdna, miriidu. soil, v., kardippaduttu. soldier, porqqevagan. solitary, tanimdiydna. some, cila; koiija. [oruvan somebody, ydrdvadu, yard somehow, eppadiyo. something, edo. sometimes, adv., qila veldi. somewhat, adv., qatte. somewhere, engeyo. song, pdttu. Boon, qikkiramdy. soothe, dttu. sop (soak), v.tr., toy, tuvdi. sorrow, tukkam; tunbam. sound, n., qattam ; oqai. sour, pulippdna. source (of a river), uttu. south, n., tetku. south wind, tenral. south-west monsoon, mun- mdrikdlam. sow, v., riddi. 90 SPA space, idam ; Teli. span, jan; gaM-alavu. speak, pegu ; gollu. spear, Itti. special, viqeqamdna. spectacles, IwUkkukkalinadi. speed, iiirdivu. spend, v., gelavari. spill, v., pndu. spin, v., nunul. spirits (alcohol), qdrayam. split, v., pild. spoil, v., kedu ; art; n., (plunder) koUdi. sport (jesting), pagadi, keli. spot, pulli. spdtlt, n., piU. spread, v.intr., parambu; tr., parappu; viri. spring (of water), mWm; (trap) vicdi. [pdy. spring (forth), v., •uru; (leap) sprinkle, tfivu, teli. sprout, n., muldi; tulir. square, n., gaturam. squirrel, anil. stable, n., kudirdi-ldyam. stain, n., kardi, mdgu. stain, v., kardppaduttu. stalce, n., vagi, kattuttari. stamp (trample), v., midi ; (imprint) padi. stand (stop), nil ; ( — erect), iiimir. start (set out), v., purappadu. state, v., gol ; vivari. state (condition), n., nildimdi, tan m Hi. statue, pdvdi, gildi. [ruttii. stay, v.intr., tangu ; tr., ni- steal, kalavu gey. SUB steam, n., nlrdvi ; v., pvfjdi. steep, a., ge'kguUava; v., uttu, toy. stem (stalk), kambu ; tandu. steps, padi. sticky, pagdiydna. stiff, virditia; valdiyddd. still, adv., innam. stillness, amdidi, tndmtnam. sting, n., kodukku; v., kottu. stii", v.tr., kalakku, tUndu; intr., agdi. stirrup, antjapadi. stock (of tree), adi maram. stop, v.intr., nil, tari; tr., niruttu, tddu; n., taddi, addippu. store-room, kidaAgu. story, tattu; mettdi. story (tale), kaddi. stout, a., pariitta ; piishtiyulla. straight, nerdna. strange, anniya ; navamana. strap, kaccu; vdr. street, vidi, teru. strength, gatti, vallamdi. stretch, v., nittu; viri; nitu. strict, kandippdnd. strike, adi; ardi. string, n., nUl; kayiru. strip, v., elldm pidungu; nri. strong, palamulla,valla,vatiya struggle (•Wtestle), v., 'malhik- kattu. stumble, idaru, tuvaru. stupid, mildamdna. subject, n., porul, kdriydm; a., ktrppatta, adangiya. subdue, klfppaduttu, adakku. submit, adangu. substance, porid ; vastu. SUB Bubtract, kari. succeed (prdsper), gitti; (follow) pintodar. success, vdyppu, qitti. such, appadippatta. suddenly, qadudiyay. suffet, padu; qagi. sufficient, tirattiyana. sugar-cane, karuwhu. suitable, tagudiydna. sultty, purukkamana. sum, togai. summons, kattaldi, gittagi. sunshine, veyiL superintendent, periyu tur&i ; adigdri. superior, "a,., tnelanii. superior, n., weldnavan. support, n., tangi; ddaravu. support, v., tdiign : d'Jari. suppose, nincii, etlitu. sure, niqqayaiiidna. surprise, n., dccMiyam. surround, quttu, taliii. survey (land), nildm-ala ; (look oVer) nukku. suspect, qmidcf/a/ipadu. swarm, n., tiral, kutlam. swarm, v., tiralu, moy. sweep, v., p&rukku ; kuttii . sweeper, totti, (fern.) lotticci. sweet, tittippdna, iniya. swell, v., vingu ; penigu; adai. swim, nlndu. sword, pattayam, vdl. sympathy, pariddbam. symptom, kuri. system, oriingu; kiramam. Tail, vdl. take, edu: vdri^u. 91 THE tialk, v., pS'qu ; ■qambdsM. tall, nediya nettdiydna. tamarihd, puli. tame, qaduvdna. tank, kulani. tape, nddd. tapioca, erildik-kifangu md. tar. Ml; tar. target, ilakku. task, kuriVta 'oeldi. taste, n., uruqi; quvdi. tax, n., gtingam; vari; tirvai, tea (leaf), teyildi, teach, podi; padippi. teacher, n., uvdtti ; podagar. teak, tekku-maram. teal, qiragi. tear (drop), kanni'r. tear (»?eiid), v., iciri; pnru. tell, qol ; arivi. temper (disposition), 'gunam. temperance, icc&i-y-aaakkam. temple, kovil. tempt, qodi. temptation, qodandi. tenant, kudi, purakkudi. tend (cattle), v., ddu mddu mSy. tender (ybung), ilu; ilagand. tent, kuddram. term, tavandi. terms, oppanda vivardngal. than, pdrkkilum. that, pron., adu ; a., mida. that, conj., enru, ena. thatch, n., pullu; v., vey, mey. theft, kalnvu; tiruttu. then, apporudtl, appodu: anru. thence, adilirnndu; adumudal there, ange ; avvi'dattil. therefore, dgdiydl. THI thick, kanatta; (dense) ad- arnda. thief, kalavdli ; tirudan. thigh, toddi. thin, melliya ; olli. thing, vastu,porul; kdriyaiii. think, nindi; (deliberate), dloqi. thirst, n., tagam. this, pron., idu; a., inda. thorn, mul. thorough, tittamdna. thoroughly, tlrkkamdy; mutta. thou, nl. thought, nindivu; qintandi. thread, niil. threaten, payam vruttu. threshing floor, kalam. thiive, ^eri, gemamdy iru. throne, gimmdganam. through, ude ; uruva. throughout, engum ■.murudum. throw, eti. thnist, tallu; nettu. thus, ippadi ; indavagdiyil. thyself, nl tdne. tie, v., kattu ;' mudi. tile, odu. till (until), vardikkum; mattiiin. tillage, uravu. timber, maram. time, kdlam. timid, kordiyulla. tire (become tired), ilaittup title (rank), pattap-pcr. [po. together, kuda; ormvikka. toll (duty), dyam, qungam. tom-tom, pardi. too, kuda ; um. tool, karuvi ; dyiidam, top, meipakkam. m TKU torch, tivatti. toss, v., eri; aldi. total, n., togdi. touch, v., todu. tough, uraimilla. toward, nerdga. tower, gopuram, turukkam. town, paUanam. trace, n., guvadu, vari-k-kuri. trace, v., pin todar. track, n., tadam ; guvadu; kdttup pdddi. train, v., parakku, vagakku, trample, midi. [padippi. transfer, v., koduttu vidu, gdttu. translate, tiruppu. transplant, peyarttu nadu. transport, v., peyar. trap, pori. travel, v., piraydnam pannn, payanam po. tray, tattu. treachery, turogam. tree, maram. tremble, v., adir, nadungu. trench, vdykkdl, agar. trespass, v., elldikada, tavarit. trial (examination), vigdiandi: godandi. triangle, mvkkonam. tribe, jdti, gottiram. tribute, iidi, kappam. [yam. trifle, n., gotpam ; atpakkdri- trigger, rigdi ; poruppu. tioop, n., padai, gendi. trouble, n., (laiigadain; tunda- trough, totti : pattal. [ravu. trowel, karandi. trumpet, ekkdlam, tCirai. trunk (of a tree), adimaram; (of elephant) tumbikkdi. 98 TRU trust, namhikkdi. trust, v., namhu. truth, mey. try, v.intr., piraydqap-padu ; tr., paritci, qodi. tube, kural. tune, iragam. turban, taldippa. [tiruppu, turn, v.intr., tirumbu ; tr., tusk, kombu, dantam. twins, irattdippillaigal. twine (string), nut l;ayiru. twist, v., tiri; murukka. twofold, a., irumadangana. type (print.), aceu. Ugly, avalatcanamdna, unable, kuddda; iyaldda. uncommon, varangdda; apur- vamdna. uncover, nnldal edu ; tira. under, kire. undergo, padu, [kirdna. underground, a., pimikkuk- understand, ari;vilangu;teri. undertake, etpadu; kaiyidit. underwood, dru kddu. undo, avir. undress, uduppuk-karattu. undulating, medu-pallamdna. unequal, vittiydgamdna. uneven, karadu-muraddna. unfair, aniydyamdna. unfold, viri, tira. unfortunate, ptti perdda. unfit, dgdda; iagdda. unfruitful, icani kod&da. ungrateful, nanri maranda. union, aikkiyam. [poruttii,igdi. unite, v.intr., porundu; tr., OBivoisal, engum idUt. VER unjust, amtiyuUa. [nam. unkindness, abaydram, kadi- unknown, ariydda. unlawful, nltikku virodamdna. unlike, ottirada. [mdna. unnatural, iyalbukku viroda- unpaok, v., tirand'idu; avir. unroll, viri. unsaddle, qenan-karattu. unsafe, pattiram-illdda. unscrew, tirugdni karaftu. unusual, varakkam illdda. up, adv., uyara; mele. upon, mele. upper, meldna. upside down, Hradu mela- urge, evu. [dd^a. usage, varakkam. use, v., varangu, kaiydlu, useful, pirayqjanam-ulla. utmost, kadaiqiydna. utmost, n., iyanra-mattum. utter, v., qol. utterly, muttum. Yacancy, idiiiveli: kdli. vain, vindna. value, n., vildi; kirayam. vanish, mardi. vapour, dvi, kdnal. various, ndndvida. vast, viqdlaiiidna. vehicle, bandi,vdhanam. veil, mukkddu. vein, narambu. venom, visham. ventilate, tuttu. verandah, virdnda, verdict, tirppu. verdure, paqumdi. veise, qulogam; kavi. 94 VER very, migavum ; metta. vessel, pattiram; (ship) kappqbl vex, varuttap-paduttu. [rdvi. vice (blacksmith's), piditti- 'view, n., toUam, kaicL, vile, irivdna, pollada. violence, balavantam ; kodu- virtue, aram; qatkuriam. [wdi. visit, v., gandi. vivid, ailigap-pira^dqamdna. voice, qattam ; kural. [v., ner. vow, n., ppruttandi ; nercci ; Wager, ottam, pandaiyam wages, kuli, gambalam. wraist, idM, ardi. wait, v., kdtt'iru. wake, v.intr., viri, erumbu. wake, v.tr., eruppu. walk, v., nada; n.,naddi. wall, guvar. wander (stray), aldi. [n., tevdi. want, v., tevdiydy iru; v^ndutn; war, yuUam; qaTiddi- warehouse, panda-qdldi. warm, analulla. warm, v., kdyccu; kdy. [Idi warrant, n., vdrdndu, kaiia- wash, v.tr., karuvu; intr., kardi, karuvu. washerman, vanndn. wasp, kulavi. waste, v., mndyccelokvari : a. , par. [(guard), kdvcd. watch (iinieTpieoe),gtidfydram; watch, v., kdvaikg.; viri. watchman, kdvatkdrcin. water, v., mrp-pdycqu. water-pot, kudam. [yantiram. water-wheel, mr-wddii nir- was, araldfu; tfi^rugu. WIR way (road), vari, dim (man- ner), vidam, vagdi. weak, balavhm. [fey. wear, v.tr., udutti-k-kol; intr., weave, ney. wedge, n., dppu. weed mattock, pitl-vetti, weep, v., kannir-vidu ; aru. weigh, v., niru. weight, nirdi ; pdram. well, a., nanrdy. west, n., metku. [v., nandi. wet, a., iramdna, nandinda; what, pron., eryna; edu. when, eppodu. whence, engirundu. whenever, epporuddndlum. where, enge ; ewidattil. wherever, engeydgilum. which, pron., yddu; edu. while, porudu: whisper, v., kddukkul qollu. whistle, n., qlrkkdi ; v., q'.rh- kdi-vidu. who, pron., dr ;, ydr, evan. whoever, ydrdndlum. whole, n., elldm ; m.uruiiuii. wholly, mitrudumdy ; miiili- why, en, ennattukku. [luyn-. wick, tiii. wicked, j'oHuda. wide, agalamdna; viqdlamd- widow, kairrirpen. [na widower, tdvtvn irandava7i. width, agalam. wUd, kdttn- ; dushta, kdddna. will (mind), n., qitiam; manam., win, kdi, vel. [tuUu, pudai. winnow,, qulagu, muram; y., wipe, tudd,.L,. wire, kqfnbi: WIS wisdom, nanam. wish, v., virumbu. with, kuda. within, y,l ; ulle. without, illamal; oHya; inri. witness (person), (S^iAs^Mraw. witness, v., qatd gollu; par. woodcutter, kddu-vetti, word, gol, v^fttdi. work, n., veldi; v„ v^ldi gey. worth, n., arumdi, menmcii. worthy, pattiramana ; taqudi- wound, n., kayam. [y4i}a. wrap, v., gi^tu; por; uduttu. wring, v., piri. 86 YOU writ, gddanam. write, erudii. {kuiUmmUa. wrong, a., tappidamdrpa; wrong, n., ttjigru, tappidam. Yam, Mrangu. yard (courtyard), muUam; (pleasure) yaru, gajam. yawn, kottdvi vidu. yet, diiMum ; innam. yiej^i v., kgdu ; vildi; inahgu. yopdei^i awidattil. young, a., ildiya. yo^ng (of 9,iiimals), n., kutU; Jeunju ; kniiru. MONEY, WEIQHTS * i^EASURES, TAMIL-ENGLISH VALUES. fid. 1 anna (6J centi6mes)= 1 i rupee (8 annas) = 8 12 annas (75 o.) = 10 1 rupee (16 a. or 100,c.= 1 4 3 rupees := 4 i ,, == 5 4 5 = 6 8 7 „ = 9 4 8 , = 10 8 10 „ = 13 4 15 =10 50 , =368 100 „ ... ... = 6 13 4 1,000 rupees ... = 66 13 4 100,000 „ (1 lac) = G,666 18 4 TAIVIIL-AMtRlCAN VAI-UES. 1 anna (6^ ceutifemes) = $0-2 J rupee (8 annas) = (16 „ ) ENGLISH-TAMIL VALUES. 1 3 5 10 100 0-16 0'.33 \m 1-66 8-3SI 33-33 1 2 2 4 5 7 9 10 10 10 100 6 1,000 1 anna (6Jo.) 4 := 4 annas (25i 6 12 (374e.) (7^0.) Ir. 8a Ir. 14a 8r. Oa 3r. 12a, 5r. 4a, 12a = 6r, = 7r. = 15r. = 150r. = i,500r =15,000r AMERICAN-TAMIL VALUES. «0-l 0-5 0-20 = 10 0-50 1-00 ... = 3r. 2p,. 10-00 ... = Sir. 4a. 100-00 ... = 312r. 8a. i anna (3 cents) 2^ annas (15Jo.) (62^0.) Note.— The exchange valup Qf tl»B rapes ia suWep' to slight fliioVflfition. 96 TAMIL MONEY. 8 piea (paiga) ... =1 thuttu (tuUu) 12 pies (4 thiittus) ..." = 1 anna {and) or 1 fanam 16 annas ... ... ) i , . - \ [(panam) ID auiiab ... . _ 1 rupee (rwpai/) "-v.^ . / 100 centiemes [gatam) ) r \ j- ^i Note. — Gentumes or cents are copper coins used in Ceylon. WEIGHT. (Niriii.) Troy. Avoirdupois. 1 manjadi ... = 3 to4'15gr. (about) 2 manjadis = 1 fanam (panam) = 6 gr. „ 9 fanams = 1 pagoda (vardhan) = 54 gr. ,, 10 pagodas = 1 pollum [palam) = 540 gr. „ 40 pollums = 1 Tiss. {viqdi) ... ... = 31b. 2oz. 8 viss = 1 maund (man) ... ... = 25 lb. 1 Bengal maund ... ... ... = 82|lb. 20 maunds = 1 candy (/canc^i) or baram ... =500 lb. (about) 100 pollums = 1 tulam (in some places) 12 tulams = 1 podi or bullock-load LINEAR MEASURE. {NUtal-alavu.) 12 fingers' breadth {viral kaddi)— 1 span (jdn) 2 spans (about 18 inches) = 1 moolum (murarn) or cubit 2 moolums or 8 feet = 1 gajam (yard) 2 gajams (yards) ... =1 tandam (fathom) 2000 taijdams (fathoms) = 1 coss [kogu or huroqam) or 3 Indian 4 coss ... ... = 9'09 miles [miles MEASURE OF CAPACITY. (Mugattal-alavu.) 8 ollocks (drdkku) or 9uijqIu = 1 puddy {padi) , ndri, or kottu (about 100 cub. in. capacity) 8 puddles ... ... =1 marcal (marakkdl) or kuruni 5 marcals (according to some) = i parrah [pardi] 24 seers {qer) ... =1 parrah 12 marcals ... ... = 1 kalam 400 marcals = 1 garce {karaqdi or karigu) or 194 eft. 768 c. in. POSTAGE. The postal rates from India (British) and Oeylon to the United Kingdom are as follows: For Letters, from India, 1 anna per J oz.; from Ceylon, 6 cents per J oz. Postcards, from India, la.; Oeylon, 6 cents. Newspapers, from India, J anna per 50 grammes; Ceylon, 3 cents for first 50 grammes, and 2 cents per 2 oz. afterwards. P.O8.148F Marlborough's Pocket Self-Taught PHRASE BOOKS with ENGLISH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION I^^ol for the Toumt and Traveller to the Continent. Easily carried in the jacket or haodli. Cletli IO/( not ITALIAN TECHNICAL WORDS AND PHRASES By E. F. Paventa ENGLISH-ITALIAN and ITALIAN-ENGLISH IGino. 312pp. Fawn Cloth 6/- net Marlborough's LITHUANIAN DICTIONARY Edited by RBV. H. H. Pewtibss. B.A..B.D. & Rbv. T. Gbkdus ENGUSH-UTHUANIAN ft UTHUANIAN-ENGUSH A pricBcal help for Bade and (eneral pncpoaes to the Lithuanian in Eatbnd and the ', Bnglishman in Lithuania. Demy 8vo. 336 pp. Qreen Cloth, 10/0 net. Marlborough's SPANISH DICTIONARY By Andres J. R. V. Garcja ENGLISH-SPANISH and SPANISH-ENGLISH Ideal for Quick Reference An entirely new and original compilation designed to be a practical and Useful companion to MARLBOROUGH'S SPANISH SELF-TAUGHT and GRAMMAR. The work contain! 30,000 wordB and is printed in clear type. Demy 9m. GrMo Clotli IO/( iMt ENGLISH, SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE TECHNICAL DICTIONARY By Thos. F. Palmer Contiining— AeroplaneB ^ Aiiihips ; Agriculture Machinery and Temii ; AmomabilcB ; Building CoMtrac- donal Term* • Electricity General Teran ^ MachiDci7 Tools ; Machinery and Mechanical Toms; Mining ] and Mineral •^Shipping TermB, Ship* Sec; Textile Maehinoy and Tenns; Woadvorking ud MKhinery ' Terms, &c Marlboroii|h*s Self-TaUght Series i^ Contalia classlfyi VocabulariM and useful Converaationt ind, Phrases with ttt ElvlGtlSH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION of' every word so airanged that they may be learned AT A GLANCE. PriCMNat AFRIKAANS SaH.Ttiitfit AMUC (lyrlM) ■URMBi CHINiSE CZECH DANISH DUTCH EGYPTIAN (Arabk) ESPiRANTO ESTONIAN FINNISH FRBKH GERMAN GREEK (Modirn) fiUJARATI HINDUSTANI HUNGARIAN CHINBE, GRAMMAR FRENCH .. •'„ GERMAN '. 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