fyxmW Winmmii^ ^xhxm^ 
 
 THE GIFT OF 
 
 •^', ._ f^ i. J. "N^ vt-^-Vvv ul- VvCWvVC^ \J^.,.. 
 
 ,A..,Uy^o1. ^'^"<^'- 
 
 678-j 
 
SDBMARIME 
 SIC9VVLS 
 
 
 SUBMARINE SIGNAL COMPANY 
 
 BOSTON. MASS., U.S.A. 
 BRANCH OFFICES 
 
 LONDON LIVERPOOL NEW YORK BREMEN 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030898310 
 
VK383 .894"'" """''""' ^"""^ 
 Submarine signals. 
 
 olin 
 
 IP lull Nil Mil mil II II 
 
 3 1924 030 898 310 
 
t 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 ■flO 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
 0-4 
 
 rH 
 
 
 Pi 
 
 © 
 
 w 
 
 
 >3 
 
 1-1 
 
 
 rH 
 
 CD 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 rH 
 
 
 
 
 (D 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 rO 
 
 
 
 ■p 
 
 >. 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 rH 
 
 •H 
 
 rf 
 
 
 rH 
 
 •H 
 
 rH 
 
 •rl 
 
 
 rj 
 
 tJ 
 
 (D 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ri 
 
 t^ 
 
 M 
 
 
 B 
 
 Q> 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 K> 
 
 'm 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 
 
 P. 
 
 
 r-l 
 
 HJ 
 
 
 
 r-i 
 
 ^ 
 
 erf 
 
 
 JJ 
 
 r~i 
 
 to 
 
 M 
 
 
 W 
 
 •H 
 
 ;i 
 
 • H 
 
 
 a) 
 
 t^ 
 
 o 
 
 > 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 u 
 
 erf 
 
 
 cd 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 r-H 
 
 O 
 
 ^r-; 
 
 
 
 
 >! 
 
 p 
 
 >> 
 
 
 Sj 
 
 
 
 ;i 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 D! 
 
 -iH 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 (D 
 
 c; 
 
 '0 
 
 
 
 b/J 
 
 d 
 
 III 
 
 
 tw 
 
 erf 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 o 
 
 Pi 
 
 11 
 
 •H 
 
 
 >) 
 
 W 
 
 d 
 
 -rJ 
 
 
 p. 
 
 •P 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 ■H 
 
 <7* 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 
 
 <i-i 
 
 ■-d 
 
 
 
 
 cd 
 
 O 
 
 Cj 
 
 fi^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 rH 
 
 r; 
 
 rj 
 
 
 o 
 
 ri 
 
 s 
 
 S 
 
 
 >i 
 
 m 
 pi 
 
 ffl 
 
 o 
 
 
 m 
 
 r— ( 
 
 rH 
 
 rj 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 OJ 
 
 d 
 
 O 
 
 
 ■H 
 
 ;-i^ 
 
 
 ■H 
 
 
 t^ 
 
 
 w 
 
 -I-" 
 
 
 G 
 
 rf 
 
 rH 
 
 o 
 
 
 (U 
 
 
 d 
 
 (D 
 
 
 10 
 
 H 
 
 r-* 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Uj 
 
 • H 
 
 
 j:;^ 
 
 JL, 
 
 T~t 
 
 -d 
 
 
 • H 
 
 fc 
 
 a 
 
 tJ 
 
 
 (0 
 
 
 <D 
 
 *:; 
 
 
 Jm 
 
 
 ^; 
 
 d 
 
 
 s 
 
 • 
 
 • ^ 
 
 
 
 tn 
 
 ho 
 
 ^ 
 
 G 
 
 
 Crt 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ri 
 
 o 
 
 
 © 
 
 • r-^ 
 
 S 
 
 •H 
 
 
 rH 
 
 1— 1 
 
 ^o 
 
 -|J 
 
 
 P-t 
 
 oi 
 
 ii: 
 
 Irf 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 Hi 
 
 o 
 
 
 O 
 
 to 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 i^.j 
 
 .w 
 
 jj 
 
 H 
 
 
 "S 
 
 to 
 
 erf 
 
 
 
 -p 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 |;-i 
 
 
 
 CD 
 
 -1-^ 
 
 .Q 
 
 ! 
 
 rj 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 (D 
 
 * 
 
 B: 
 
 ■H 
 
 th 
 
 fn 
 
 a>. 
 
 
 'r. 
 
 
 o 
 
 S-. 
 
 
 C! 
 
 ci 
 
 rj 
 
 .H 
 
 
 p: 
 
 -p 
 
 S 
 
 to 
 
 
 ,3 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 i^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 W 
 
 u 
 
 
 w 
 
 0) 
 
 c 
 
 c3 
 
 
 
 "Ci 
 
 erf 
 
 (D 
 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 JS 
 
 a 
 

 
 
 » 
 
 
 ta 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •t:) 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 rH 
 
 ff) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <D 
 
 
 Jm 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P. 
 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p. 
 
 ^ 
 
 >. 
 
 
 M 
 
 rH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ M 
 
 4J 
 
 o 
 
 
 •H 
 
 3 
 
 c'. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 sa 
 
 o:i 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tj 
 
 r? 
 
 -iJ 
 
 -p 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 o; 
 
 ri 
 
 [■•J 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 -p 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cj 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 (D 
 
 •-< 
 
 :;:; 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , — 1 
 
 CD 
 
 -P 
 
 'Cj 
 
 
 •H 
 
 'P 
 
 P. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i.n 
 
 J;> 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 f^ 
 
 '^' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i^J 
 
 • •• 
 
 r^ 
 
 !^ 
 
 P 
 
 ra 
 
 ri 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 0.) 
 
 •p 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 ID 
 
 P 
 
 p 
 
 'P 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 
 
 P 
 -p 
 
 ri 
 
 (7i 
 
 
 'j3 
 
 -P 
 
 CO 
 
 C( 
 
 
 
 
 ■P 
 
 •P 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 rj 
 
 O 
 
 
 o 
 
 P 
 
 ^p 
 
 
 
 
 I, 
 
 a 
 
 aw 
 
 o 
 
 "J 
 
 r-l 
 
 
 •H 
 
 rP 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q) 
 
 M 
 
 
 ^C 
 
 
 +5 
 
 p 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 ii 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 4-> 
 
 O 
 
 
 O 
 
 ^-T 
 
 -r3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -P 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 O 
 
 <D 
 
 i:j 
 
 Cj 
 
 LQ 
 
 
 
 
 -si 
 
 P 
 
 f^i 
 
 ri 
 
 tJ 
 
 
 > 
 
 ^ 
 
 iZ^ 
 
 .— ( 
 
 
 
 >-i 
 
 p\ 
 
 > 
 
 
 1^^ 
 
 -P 
 
 G, 
 
 01 
 
 •H 
 rH 
 
 p 
 
 4- 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 CL. 
 
 -^ 
 
 •P 
 P 
 
 o 
 
 Ph 
 
 '.'J 
 
 O 
 
 •H 
 
 p 
 
 
 >1 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 c4 
 
 01 
 
 
 O 
 
 1-1 
 
 
 P 
 p 
 
 w 
 
 o 
 
 t-, 
 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 bi) 
 
 •p 
 
 rJ 
 
 1-^ 
 
 
 cri 
 
 • H 
 
 'S 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 •H 
 
 0; 
 
 ^^ 
 
 fD 
 
 0) 
 
 . 
 
 P- 
 
 P. 
 
 ? 
 
 p 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 J-! 
 
 
 4J 
 
 C 
 
 
 cP. 
 
 ti 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 111 
 
 •H 
 
 ID 
 •H 
 
 
 ■H 
 
 • H 
 
 -1- 
 cc 
 t-1 
 
 C! 
 
 p 
 
 -p 
 
 p 
 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 >> 
 
 
 
 p 
 o 
 
 r.S 
 
 •H 
 
 
 -C 
 
 p 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 
 
 ir; 
 
 (7^ 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 ^c 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 >» 
 
 «^^ 
 
 
 
 _/j: 
 
 uj 
 
 1 — i 
 
 • H 
 
 o 
 
 -p 
 
 p-i 
 
 P 
 
 
 rH 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 ^' 
 
 -P 
 
 • H 
 
 ^• 
 
 ^p 
 
 •p 
 
 (i:> 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 d:) 
 
 'bj 
 
 -P 
 
 - 
 
 -p 
 
 '^ 
 
 m 
 
 p 
 
 
 J.4 
 -P 
 
 t3 
 
 
 
 ID 
 
 • .H 
 
 oj 
 
 ^ 
 
 Cr-» 
 
 '"P 
 
 r- 
 
 •p 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t-1 
 
 O 
 
 to 
 
 o 
 
 ru 
 
 s 
 
 rP 
 
 
 >. 
 
 
 
 
 -(J 
 
 
 Tm 
 
 (D 
 
 
 
 
 t-^ 
 
 
 5h 
 
 
 
 
 
 t" 
 
 <■!> 
 
 o 
 
 Ul 
 
 & 
 
 >) 
 
 
 
 <D 
 
 
 
 
 ,-^ 
 
 -JJ 
 
 ^i 
 
 
 o 
 
 • H 
 
 rH 
 
 m 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 Ip 
 
 • H 
 
 
 C^ 
 
 ri 
 
 P 
 
 r-i 
 
 ■jj 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • H 
 
 
 C^ 
 
 C 
 
 p 
 
 O" 
 
 p 
 
 ii:: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P^ 
 
 • H 
 
 •P 
 
 ,n 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 •P 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 --1 
 
 
 >. 
 
 en 
 
 p 
 
 p 
 
 P. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E? 
 
 JJ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 P 
 
 rP 
 
 G3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • t~' 
 
 a> 
 
 ri 
 
 it 
 
 
 
 PI 
 
 o: 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 (-. 
 
 
 Q 
 
 
 OJ 
 
 iH 
 
 O 
 
 r^ 
 
 -P 
 
 
 
 
 
 t; 
 
 o 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 r- 
 
 
 -r^ 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 -p 
 
 ^j 
 
 
 10 
 
 -p 
 
 ■P 
 
 f-H 
 
 
 rH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • »■ 
 
 a; 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 i-H 
 
 p 
 
 r] 
 
 
 
 
 
 liO 
 
 -ci 
 
 to 
 
 -|J 
 
 e,- 
 
 
 •p 
 
 -P 
 
 P, 
 
 
 
 
 
 .r-^ 
 
 (D 
 
 P. 
 
 c3 
 
 O 
 
 P. 
 
 S; 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 rH 
 
 -p 
 
 •i-l 
 
 4J 
 
 
 -H 
 
 
 •P 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r- 
 
 OJ 
 
 e^ 
 
 ,c 
 
 ri 
 
 r 
 
 Ph 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 s 
 
 'd:! 
 
 
 O 
 
 to 
 
 & 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4-> 
 
 -p 
 
 
 T3 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 © 
 
 
 
 
 
 • H 
 
 w 
 
 .p 
 
 -P 
 
 P< 
 
 h 
 
 
 p 
 
 •p 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-1 
 
 w 
 
 (D 
 
 •H 
 
 
 ID 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i-H 
 
 d3 
 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 05 
 
 > 
 
 
 c 
 
 «i-i 
 
 
 
 
 
 RJ 
 
 ^ 
 
 -P 
 
 CD 
 
 •i-l 
 
 (D 
 
 
 •H 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
Submarine Signals 
 
VESSELS OF THE BRITISH NAVY DETAILED TO CONDUCT THE REMARKABLY 
 
 SUCCESSFUL TRIALS OF SUBMARINE SIGNALING. AT THE PORTSMOUTH 
 
 (ENGLAND) NAVY YARD, NOVEMBER, 1906. 
 
 1. Royal Yacht VICTORIA AND ALP.ERT, fitted to receive submarine signals as a result of the tests. 
 
 2. British armored cruiser ANTRIM, which heard the submarine hell up to and including 16 miles. 3. Holland 
 Submarine No. i. 4. Submarine B rr, which demonstrated that submarine signals are the only means of 
 communication with submarine boats. 5. H.M.S. H.\RR1ER and DRYAD, fitted to send and receive 
 submarine signals. 6. H. M.S. !SPA N K I^R, fitted with submarine bell, which sent long code messages to the 
 ANTRIM, q miles distant. 
 
Submarine Signals 
 
 Submarine Signal Company 
 
 OFFICES 
 
 88 Broad Street, Boston, INIass. 
 
 68 Broad Street, New York City 
 
 72 \^ictoria Street, London, England 
 
 10 Duke Street, Liverpool, England 
 
 Norddeutsche Maschinen- und Armaturen- 
 Fabrik, Bremen, Germany 
 
 BOSTON, JULY FIFTEENTH 
 
 1907 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 ss Broad Street, Boston, Mass. 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
 
 THOJIAS Al.LEX 
 HaUHY BiniNETT 
 
 Tieas. Joseph Bitnieff Co. 
 
 ROHERT M. BrRNElT 
 
 Hoyfhhoroiigh, J/ns.':. 
 
 Henry L. Hir.ciNSdN 
 
 of Lrr, HigginHO)i .t Co. 
 
 JosiAH B. Mll.LET Vk-e-Pn-si<l.enl 
 
 Charles Mdohe 
 
 Chairman Board o.f Directors 
 
 Boston, Jfass. RoBERT F. Perkins 
 
 of Bom! tt- Goodwin, Banker 
 
 John F. PERKras Lmnjer 
 
 John Phillips Reynolds, Jr. 
 
 Vice-Pres. and Treas. A'inisas Citi/ Viaduct 
 ,(• Teniiiiial By. Co. 
 
 Hen'RY M. SotlE o.fDaris ,t Soule 
 
 Philip Stockton 
 
 Presiili'nl Cili/ Trust Co. 
 
 Sir William H. White, K.C.B. 
 
 Latelii Chief Xitrol Conslnirtor British 
 Admiralty 
 
 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 
 
 Henry L. Higginson 
 President 
 
 H. W. Anderson 
 Treasurer 
 
 Charles Moore 
 Chairman Executive Cotiimittee 
 
 Robert F. Perkins 
 Secretarij 
 
 FOREIGN DEPARTMENT 
 
 73 Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S.W. 
 
 JosiAH B. Millet Sir William H. White, K.C.B. 
 
 Vice-Pres. and Manager Foreign Department Jlcniber of the Board of Directors 
 
 The Hon. Arthur J. D.wey 
 
 Principal Bridsli .Igent 
 
 Sidney j\l. Davison 
 
 Sniierintending Pngincer. 10 Duke Street, 
 IJi'crpoo) 
 
 Agents for Germany, Holland and Belgit.m 
 
 yorddeatsch<_' .Vasr hinen- nnd Arinalaren-Fahrik, Bremen, (iermany 
 
 LiciEN I. Blake 
 Fit.ton Blake 
 
 STAFF 
 
 Chief Knginccr HeNRY R. GiLSON 
 
 Sitjtt. of llrantjliting Dcjil. 
 
 A.!Sistant General Manager Cr.ARENCE B. Denny 
 
 -vir \ r^ . 1. , .. ,. , •''"'''■ oflnsjiectlon Depl. 
 
 \\ ILLIAM A. CaRY Sept. o\ I-acloi y ' 
 
 Samuel T. Frothingham 
 
 Edward C. Wood Master Mechanic ,, , , „ , 
 
 contract Dept. 
 
"'^*» 71^4nLt.M|fc_^ 
 
 
 l\ S. S. " Mi(ijfl<)ii)ei\" equipped to rerelce t^idniui riiw S'ujiml.s 
 
 Submarine Signals 
 
 UcsLilts t)l)tninL'(l ])\ various Steamship Lines usiiiy this 
 new and etf'eeti\e Aid to Na\ii;-ati<)n 
 
 Sl'liM AltIXI-> si<;'iials ha\'e lieeii adopted ainl [lUt iido oper- 
 ation as an aid to iia\' illation 1)\' t lie I nited States, ( 'ana(hi, 
 (iernianv, ]'"ianee, th(_' Xetlierlands. li\ the .Mei'sev' Doidcs and 
 Harbonr lioard, I'^neland, and Ity a. number of eor[)orations 
 \vhieh have installed hells for particular purposes. The light- 
 house authorities in the different eountries. having found that 
 the ordinar\' air signals fre((uently are not liear<l at all. and 
 when lieard are often misleading as to direi'tion, have ailopted 
 submarine .signaling because this systeju gives eoiistaiit wai'U- 
 ing in all eonditions of sea and wind, and also enables the 
 na\'igator to get direction aljsohitely. 
 
 Masters of vessels have eome to rely implieitlv on tiie sub- 
 marine bell signals, by means of which they navigate their 
 
 [•5] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 shiiDS with almost as much certainty in fog as in clear 
 weather. It is now a common thing for the captain of one 
 of the great ocean liners to come on the coast of the United 
 States, get his l)earings at Nantucket Shoals and proceed to 
 New York harbor, all by the sound of the bells coming to 
 him through tlie water, without Ijeing able to see any one of 
 the three lightships or to hear their aerial fog whistles. 
 
 Submarine signaling has thus begun to work a revolution 
 in fog signaling ; and the time is not distant when every 
 danger-point and every turning-point will be equipped with 
 a submarine bell, and all vessels will use the apparatus to re- 
 ceive such signals. 
 
 The Submarine Signal Company presents in tabulated form 
 the results obtained by various steamship lines. The number 
 of reports varies with the length of time the vessels have been 
 equipped, and with the opportunity the various navigators 
 have had to use the system. 
 
 The distance obtained varies with the time at which the 
 particular navigator begins to listen and with the need he 
 feels to get the signal. For example, during the United 
 States GoA^ernment tests during June and July, 1906, when 
 the bells on five light>vessels were ringing continuously day 
 and night, it was a noticeable fact that the greatest dis- 
 tances were obtained in fog; for the reason that during periods 
 of fog close attention was paid to getting the signals. 
 
 The points to be considered are, that vessels hear the bell 
 at distances far beyond the range of aerial fog-signals, and 
 that navigators get direction accurately ; whereas it is impos- 
 sible to be sure of direction by using air fog-signals, and air 
 signals cannot be depended upon for even one mile. 
 
 The report of the British Admiralty puts the matter 
 concisely : 
 
 " The Submarine Bell increases the range at which the fog sig- 
 nal can be heard by a vessel until it approximates to the range 
 of a light-vessel's light in clear weather, and, moreover, its bear- 
 
 [6] 
 
Submarine Siu'iial Company 
 
 iii'-js can lie determined witli i|uite suffieient accuracy f(.ir safe 
 navi'^atiiiii in fo;^ frdui distain.-e far iieyiiiid the raii;_,'e df aerial 
 fo,c;-si:-;iials, if the vessel is i-qiiijuied with ri-reivers. 
 
 •■ Tu di.iuljle or treble the distance at wliicli f(.iL; ^i^aials can Ije 
 heard is a great advanta-^e tu sliii'jiing, and tlie fai/ilify uf detei'- 
 niining tlie direction of a sound-signal is m itself a very A'aluaMe 
 discovery. Those wlm wait longest will im.'ur the greatest loss 
 ill the nieaiitiiue, botli in shijis a.iid livt-s. and thruugh delays to 
 slii]i[iiiig whndi vijuld ollierwise lie avoided." 
 
 Sfidiil YiK-hl '• < 'u-sdir." niii'ijijHil hi i-,r,h-,- Siihmnritn Si,jiia/.s 
 
 Particular atteiitimi is called tu the excellent results oli- 
 taiiied liv sea-;gi)iiig' tug's, wdiiidi lia\'e recciith" Ijeeii e()iii}i[)eil 
 to recei\'e submarine signals. The exjierieiice of tliis idass of 
 vessels is must satistactorv. as has been |irii^"eil liv the rajiiditv 
 ^vitll w]ii(di orders June come to equip new" boats. 
 
 The progress ot submarine signaling is shown bv tli(_' num- 
 bei- oi liglit-vessels mentioiieil in the tables. The trans- 
 Atlaiitic stcaiiislii[is on tlieir western vo\-agcs jiiid-: up in stic- 
 eessioii Xaiitucl;et .^Imals, l-"ire rslaiid ami Saiiih" Hook 
 liglitships. wdieii entering' New \birk; the hioston liglit-ship, 
 when entering Ihistmi harbor: ('ape J'^lizabetli A\'hen entering 
 Portland: and ( )verfalls when entering the I)elaw'are. ,\ 
 steainsliip h'a^'ing' Hampton Roads for Postongets iirst the 
 
 [ ■ ] 
 
Submarine Sisnal Company 
 
 Tail of the IL^ist-shoe, then in succession Cape Charles, 
 Winter Quarter Slioals. Fenwick Island Shoal, Five Fathom 
 Bank, Fire Island, Vineyard Sound, Pollock Rip Shoals and 
 Boston. Steamships passing through Long Island Sound get 
 Boston, Pollock Rip Shoals, Vineyard Sound, Brenton Reef 
 and Cornfield Point. Vessels going below the Capes get also 
 the Hatteras bell, on Diamond Shoals lightship, and the bells 
 at Frying Pan Shoals, Xe«- Orleans and Galveston. 
 
 During- the summer of 1907 submarine bells will be in- 
 
 o 
 
 stalled on all the lightships on the Pacific Coast and in the 
 Gulf of ]\Iexico. Then, tjie cnfirc coast of Xorth America, 
 toijcthcr irifh the (h'cat Lakes, iciU he protected hy siiJniiarine 
 signals. 
 
 Steamers entering the English Channel can get the bells 
 on the tender at Cherbourg and Boulogne, the Sandettie light- 
 ship bell, the bells on the Netherlands coast, and on the 
 AVeser, .Vussenjade, Elbe arid Kiel lightships. The lines 
 making Liverpool get the Xorthwest lightship bell. The 
 Danish State Railways have a bell of their own on the Gjedser 
 lightship. 
 
 Ditring April and May, 1907, the eight lightships on the 
 Great Lakes have been equipped and a special apparatus has 
 been devised for Lake freight-carriers. The reports from the 
 vessels eqtiipped have just begun to come in. One of the 
 first of these reports showed distances of seven, ten and twelve 
 miles, thereby proving that the conditions on the Lakes are as 
 favorable to submarine signaling as on the ocean. 
 
 Canada was the first country to adopt submarine signaling. 
 The four lightships in the St. Lawrence and the one off Yar- 
 mouth ai-e equipped with submarine bells ; and electric bell 
 stations are being put in at Yarmouth, Louisburg and St. John 
 in addition to the one that has been maintained for nearlv a 
 year at Chebucto Head, the entrance to Halifax harbor. 
 Arrangements have been made also to place submarine bells 
 on the Willson acetylene gas-buoys which protect tiiis dan- 
 
 gerous coast. 
 
 & 
 
 [ SJ 
 
/'. N. Friijutr "" (.'<nis////i/i<>i>/' iiskI for rxprrliui'iil s in .sifhiiKi r'l iif^ 
 s'njiiitl iiiij III ] S'.HI 
 
 Experiments iii Submarine Si^nalin^' 
 
 IX Au-nst and Sc|itri]ilH-M-. IS'.H), while tin- V. S. tVi-atc 
 ('(III ^1 il III Kill wa.s lyiiiL;- at tlic I'm tsnidiitli, N. II.. iia\\" vaixl, 
 her hull \\'as usimI for the ex|it.'i'inieiits in snl)iiiariiie sin'iialiiiL;' 
 tlieii liciiii;' comhictetl iiii(h_T the auspicrs of tht' L'liiti'il States 
 Liyht lliiuse l)(iai'(l. Signals sent from a point one-third of a 
 mile distant wei'e recei\ed thriinL;li the planlvs of the I'mistiln- 
 tiini ehise til the keeh fifteen feet umh/r walei'. 'Die planks 
 were of oak, eii_;'liteen inches tlii(d\. 
 
 The l_'nii>it it II I iuii \\"as then in a dismantled eoiiditioii. The 
 ship is now lieini;' restoit d to her oi-iei]];il condition, at the 
 lioston Na\'\' ^ ai'iL 
 
 [ ■' ] 
 
to 
 
 ~ fcc 
 
 
 ^- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "^ 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 <u 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■V 
 
 
 -i-^ 
 
 — 
 
 — fee 
 
 o 
 
 [ 1" ] 
 

 
 i'mmril Sha tiis]t'i [t " Sd.rniihl ," ('^jii/jijinl ir'itji SiihiinirinF Sii/inr/ Appni-ii 
 
 Cunard Line 
 
 i;.l-o.-, 
 
 I.iiraiiia 
 
 \ailtllrl<i-t 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 ii-."i-ii."i 
 
 Saxdiiiu 
 
 ll.iStOI, 
 
 
 -i 
 
 
 
 
 l(i-:;i-ii:, 
 
 ( 'ai"o]iia 
 
 ^alHly 11.. 
 
 .k 
 
 ^' 
 
 
 
 
 n-L'-n:, 
 
 I \ei Ilia 
 
 1 illStol) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ll-1-.-n.-, 
 
 (.'ain]iaiiia 
 
 ^all.lv II.. 
 
 .k 
 
 :, 
 
 
 
 
 l-l-iiii 
 
 1 veriiia 
 
 \. \V,'St 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 1 -.-,-( h; 
 
 Saxi -Ilia 
 
 i;..sti.ii 
 
 
 i; 
 
 
 
 
 :i-:i-ii(; 
 
 1 Jiraiiia 
 
 Fire Is] an 
 Saii.-lv 11... 
 
 1 
 
 ■1 
 
 
 
 
 :;-li'-ii(; 
 
 1 VHiaiia 
 
 l;..M.'.ii 
 
 
 1 1 1 N, . 
 
 /. II, ^r 
 
 •" /'".' 
 
 /' 1 
 
 :;-17-i)i; 
 
 J^iirania 
 
 Saii.lv 11.. 
 I-'ilv I.slali 
 
 .k 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 :!-i''2-(m; 
 
 C'aiii]iaiiia 
 
 Xaiitii.'ket 
 
 
 :; 
 
 
 
 
 :;-L':'.-ii(; 
 
 " 
 
 l-'ir.- I^Iaii 
 Saii.lv 11.. 
 
 1 
 
 ,k 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ;;-:i(i-i)i; 
 
 ( 'aviiiaiiia 
 
 Saii.lv II.. 
 
 .k 
 
 ;; 
 
 
 
 
 l-li-(Mi 
 
 Saxniiia 
 Liicaiiia 
 
 i;..st.".ii 
 
 Xa lit iivIvhI 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 l-lL'-nil 
 
 I\-Hi-iiia 
 
 IS. .St. Ill 
 
 
 111 
 
 
 
 
 [ 11 ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 I>ate 
 
 Vessel 
 
 Stati.in 
 
 l>ist. Remarks 
 
 4-U-Oii 
 
 Lucania 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 tU 
 
 4-21-06 
 
 Campania 
 
 u u 
 
 3" 
 
 4--2S-III") 
 
 a 
 
 Sandy Hoolv 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 H 
 
 .. 
 
 Lucania 
 
 N. "West 
 
 6 
 
 0-1-III5 
 
 Sasoiiia 
 
 Boston 
 
 2i 
 
 .",-.',-06 
 
 Lucania 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 3 
 
 5-9-06 
 
 C'aroiiia 
 
 X. ^Ye3t 
 
 4 
 
 5-10-06 
 
 Saxoiiia 
 
 i( a 
 
 3 
 
 5-11-06 
 
 Tveriiia 
 
 Boston 
 
 5 Bell just began to ring. 
 
 5-12-06 
 
 Campania 
 
 X. West 
 
 5 
 
 
 Lucania 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 H 
 
 t. 
 
 a 
 
 Sanily Hook 
 
 ■') 
 
 5-15-06 
 
 Tvernia 
 
 Boston 
 
 6 
 
 5-16-06 
 
 Caronia 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 3 
 
 << 
 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 5-1S-06 
 
 Campania 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 7 
 
 5-19-06 
 
 '. 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 5-24-06 
 
 Saxonia 
 
 Boston 
 
 3 
 
 5-2ii-06 
 
 Lucania 
 
 X\ West 
 
 8 
 
 5-29-06 
 
 Ivernia 
 
 i< 
 
 11 
 
 6-1-06 
 
 Lucania 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 'i 
 
 6-2-06 
 
 a 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 2 
 
 6-5-(l6 
 
 Saxonia 
 
 Boston 
 
 5 
 
 >. 
 
 II 
 
 X. West 
 
 6i 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 (( 
 
 6 
 
 6-5-06 
 
 Carmania 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 
 
 6-7-06 
 
 Ivernia 
 
 Boston 
 
 n 
 
 6-9-06 
 
 Lucania 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 ^) 
 
 il 
 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 ■^ 
 
 6-13-06 
 
 Carmania 
 
 X. West 
 
 s 
 
 6-15-06 
 
 Campania 
 
 Xantuclwt 
 
 o 
 
 6-16-06 
 
 " 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 3 
 
 (( 
 
 Lucania 
 
 X . West 
 
 H 
 
 6-23-06 
 
 " 
 
 u a 
 
 3 
 
 6-26-06 
 
 Saxonia 
 
 Boston 
 
 2 J point on star. bow. 
 
 6-29-06 
 
 Lucania 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 5 
 
 7-3-06 
 
 Caronia 
 
 X. West 
 
 3 
 
 7-10-06 
 
 'I 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 5 
 
 7-11-06 
 
 " 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 ii 
 
 il 
 
 .' 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 7-19-06 
 
 Saxonia 
 
 Boston 
 
 o 
 
 7-24-06 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 5 
 
 8-7-06 
 
 (( 
 
 X'. West 
 
 4 .[captain. 
 
 9-18-06 
 
 Carmania 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 4 Apparatus has helped the 
 
 10-10-06 
 
 Ivernia 
 
 X. West 
 
 6 Distinct at once. 
 
 11-7-06 
 
 
 £( 
 
 5 Dead ahead. 
 
 12-1-06 
 
 Caronia 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 12-23-06 
 
 " 
 
 X . West 
 
 6 
 
 12-30-06 
 
 " 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 7 A'ery distinct at 7 miles. 
 
 [12] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Bate 
 
 Vessel 
 
 l-.>r7 
 
 Caronia 
 
 1-17-07 
 
 Saxoiiia 
 
 2-19-07 
 
 u 
 
 3-26-07 
 
 Caronia 
 
 3-28-07 
 
 Saxonia 
 
 :i-:)0-07 
 
 Lucania 
 
 4-27-07 
 
 (( 
 
 :)-7-n7 
 
 Cannania 
 
 5-15-07 
 
 " 
 
 5-ls-()7 
 
 Lucania 
 
 Station 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 Boston 
 
 Dist. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Remarks 
 
 Heard as soon as listened. 
 
 6 
 X. West 3 
 
 " " 4 Heardas soon as listened. 
 
 Sandy Hooli 5J 
 
 Gednev Chan. Buoy 3i 
 X. AVest " O" 
 
 Fire Island 5 
 
 X. West 5 Speed lUi knots. 
 
 Usefulness of Submarine Signaling Demonstrated 
 
 W. T. TriiXER, Master "Ireniia." 
 
 I wish to report tliat on the afternoon of March 15, 1906, in a blind- 
 ing snow-storm, when 10 nautical miles distant from Lightship Xo 54, 
 and going slow and stopping, we heard the submarine bell distinctly 
 oil the port bow, and 45 minutes before the fog-whistle. AVe made the 
 lightship right ahead bj' altering the course h point to port. This is 
 the best result I have had, and I consider it a splendid adjunct to aids 
 to navigation in thick weather, of course making use of lead also. 
 
 James B. Watt, Captain, "Lucaxin,'' April 7, 19('J6. 
 
 Wtt had hazy weather with showers of misty rain off the Xantiicket 
 .Shoals, and we would have failed to locate tlie light-vessel but for the 
 aid of the submarine signal bell. We heard it si miles distant, while 
 steaming full speed, at 22 knots. We made the light-vessel one point 
 on the starboard bow and passed it J of a mile off, which enabled us 
 to obtain a good departure. The sound of the bell was musical and 
 distinctly audible, and could not be mistaken for any other sound. To 
 my mind this is a very satisfactory experience, as it brings home to one 
 the practicability of the system. 
 
 [13 
 

 
 'v,riii 
 
 A 
 
 1 ■ M 
 
 i^!',S'i;'i''!''ili 
 
 \iwAli 
 
 ' 'I'l ' 1.' y-\^ 
 
 '.*^i:^j 
 
 «iii! 
 
 ' J* i,f' 
 I It 't' ' 
 
 [ li 
 
, -a^-"«5flrv«* 
 
 ■-"^^Rs^, 
 
 agf 
 
 B^'Sfej.. 
 
 //- / / / 
 
 •^1 III A 
 
 / ] 1 
 
 I II ^ I 
 
 ^ I il ll I I 
 
 Hamburg- American 
 
 l-l-(Mi HciiIscIiIiiikI 
 
 :;-l-i)(; Aiii.MJka 
 
 :i--ji'-iii; Dcuisciiiiiiia 
 
 1 -■.'.-, -di; 
 
 .'>-i;-i)t; 
 
 .viT-iii; 
 
 r.-lli-di; K. A. \'ii'ti.ria 
 
 Aiiii'iika 
 " 1 UMit.Mclilaiiil 
 
 o-:!I-(H; 
 
 il-l'-ni; Aiiieiil<a 
 
 K . A. \'icloi-ia 
 
 .Sai).l> lln,,k 
 
 Kill' iNlaiiil 
 Xaiitucket 
 
 Fin- Island 
 
 Kill.. 
 
 File IslaiiJ 
 
 Sai).|y lln,,k 
 
 I-'iif Islaiiil 
 XaiitiicliHl 
 Saii.lv n,H,k 
 
 Xaiil iii'ket 
 San.lv IF.nk 
 Fire Island 
 
 Line 
 
 -t. i:,- 
 
 llell jll^t l.ituai 
 
 [ !■' ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Date 
 
 Vessel 
 
 .Station 
 
 Jn>i. Remarks 
 
 (i-21-06 
 
 K. A. Yictoria 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 4 
 
 '' 
 
 " (1 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 O 
 
 '* 
 
 Deutschland 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 3 
 
 ■6-2S-(H) 
 
 (( 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 3 
 
 '' 
 
 " 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 6i 
 4 
 
 C-30-06 
 
 Aniei-ika 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 " 
 
 (( 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 5 
 
 7-5-06 
 
 Deutschland 
 
 ^\'eser 
 
 5 
 
 7-14-06 
 
 K. A. Victoria 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 3 
 
 7-19-06 
 
 '( tt 
 
 (1 .b 
 
 
 7-31-06 
 
 '( (1 
 
 Weser 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 9-6-06 
 
 Deutschland 
 
 ,, 
 
 5 
 
 O-S-06 
 
 Auierika 
 
 <i 
 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Elbe 
 
 
 
 9-1.3-06 
 
 Deutschland 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 3 
 
 9-20-06 
 
 li 
 
 <i li 
 
 6 
 
 " 
 
 (( 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 4 
 
 •9-21-06 
 
 Amerika 
 
 Kantucket 
 
 4 
 
 10-4-06 
 
 K. A. Victoria 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 2 
 
 " 
 
 a u 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 2 
 
 ( ( 
 
 a a 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 3 
 
 (1 
 
 Deutschland 
 
 Weser 
 
 6 
 
 U 
 
 (( 
 
 Elbe 
 
 64 
 
 7 Distinct at once. 
 
 10-19-06 
 
 Amerika 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 10-25-06 
 
 K. A. Victoria 
 
 Weser 
 
 ' ' 
 
 " * ' 
 
 Elbe 
 
 V * ' ' ' ' ' 
 
 11-29-06 
 
 a 11 
 
 "Weser 
 
 4 
 
 12-13-06 
 
 (' a 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 12-22-06 
 
 i ' it 
 
 ^\'eser 
 
 7 
 
 '* 
 
 <i 11 
 
 Elbe 
 
 4 
 
 1-8-07 
 
 a it 
 
 We.se r 
 
 s 
 
 1-17-07 
 
 u 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 
 
 1-30-07 
 2-16-07 
 2-25 07 
 
 Amerika 
 
 Elbe' 
 
 Gedney Chan. 
 Elbe 
 
 6 J Dead ahead. 
 Buoy 21 
 6" 
 
 "4 
 
 64 
 
 5 Speed 23 knots. 
 
 2 Ship was light. 
 
 6 
 
 3-7-07 
 
 a 
 
 ^^'eser 
 
 (' 
 
 " 
 
 Elbe 
 
 ;3-23-07 
 •3-30-07 
 
 Deutscliland 
 C;raf Waldersee 
 K. A. Victoria 
 
 ^^'eser 
 
 ■"^andy Hook 
 M'eser 
 
 4-1-07 
 
 Pretoria 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 Dense fog. Vessel 
 
 4-14-07 
 
 Patricia 
 
 Elbe 
 
 stopped. 
 
 4-23-07 
 
 Pretoria 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 74 "Helped coming in." 
 
 [16] 
 
™ i%^r— f-lf " f^J}-^. h ^?^. 
 
 mffw-'--' 
 
 . ,.^-^ _''^'!;^(j(»^*i«!sAf!f^ 
 
 \ II I I I I , I \f I I I I k I II / // 
 
 / // s / 
 
 ^'.'" '' ^y / "' ''"^ 
 
 North Gerniaii Llovd 
 
 '.D-o:, ICiiis.'i' W'illieliii 1 1 
 
 St.'itii 
 
 \\ f_'8ei' 
 
 ll-L'.s-i) 
 
 ■_'-1-im; 
 
 :.'-ii-(ii; 
 
 ■J-JT-im; 
 
 :;--_'-(m; 
 
 l-lii-iii; 
 
 I^17-ni; 
 
 K. Will. ,l'v Ci.isse Siiiidv Ilook 
 
 K.WiiL.leH; 
 KiiisHF Willi,. 
 
 W,;ser 
 
 Kr..ii|i. Willirliii 
 Kaisri- Willi, .li, I II 
 
 Xiiiitiicket 
 K. AViii. del' (ir,i>,se W'eser 
 K;ii,s,T Wilheliii 11 
 l.'-l)i; Kr.iiip. Wilheliii 
 
 l."-lli; Kl.is.T WillR'lllI H 
 
 K . Will. ,l,'i' ( ■in.Ms, 
 Kai.scr Willi, ■liii 1 1 
 KiiHip. Willi,.|iii 
 Kai.s,-r \Villi,.|)ii II 
 l\. Will, iler ( iliis.--,; 
 Kai.sei- Willieliii II 
 K,'li3,T WilliellLI 1 1 
 K. Will. ,i,-r Cn.s.s,- 
 Krciiip. Willieliii 
 Ki'oii|,. Willii'liii 
 
 K . \\ III . der ( <Y< iSSP 
 
 Kais.T Willieliii 11 
 
 [1'] 
 
 -.S-Od 
 
 .,-i..-iii; 
 .')-■_' L' -I m; 
 
 ■'i-'JL'-UII 
 
 .")-■_':.'■ hi; 
 
 .".-■j:i-i)i; 
 
 .',-:.'!i-oii 
 
 i;-.')-ih; 
 
 il-.'.-nti 
 
 li-.vm; 
 
 ii-.".-iii; 
 
 lllMin 
 li-1 L'-llli 
 
 1 
 
 S] 1 -JO kii,.ls. 
 
 
 cer.s (jii i n.iaiil tOi 
 
 ll 
 
 
 
 
 '^l 
 
 Full s|iee,l. 
 
 in 
 
 
 K'i 
 
 Full Slice,!. 
 
 l-'ir,* l.slaihl 
 
 1 
 
 Saiiilv IIi.i,ik 
 
 1 
 
 Fii,' Islaii,! 
 
 .1 
 
 \\e.ser 
 
 ■;■ 
 
 .'^al„lv II, ink 
 
 1 
 
 We.ser 
 
 
 '• 
 
 in 
 
 
 in 
 
 Xaiitii,;k,-t 
 
 ■J 
 
 l-'ii'e l.slaiui 
 
 1 
 
 Saiuiy II.Hik 
 
 •] 
 
 Xaiitucket 
 
 fl 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Date 
 
 Vessel 
 
 station 
 
 IJist. Eemarks 
 
 6-13-06 
 
 Kaiser AVilhelm II 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 4 
 
 (i-l-i-06 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm II 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 H 
 
 6-19-06 
 
 Kronp. Wilhelm 
 
 Weser 
 
 5 
 
 6 --2 1-0 6 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 4 
 
 6-26-06 
 
 Krozip. "Wilhelm 
 
 << 
 
 
 6-26-06 
 
 Kroup. AVilhelm 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 7-1-06 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Weser 
 
 i 
 
 7-3-06 
 
 Grosser Kurfurst 
 
 Fire Island 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 - Heard vei'y distinctly. 
 
 " 
 
 Kronp. AVilhelm 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 6 
 
 7-10-06 
 
 K. "\A'm. der Grosse 
 
 << .1 
 
 5 
 
 (i 
 
 I. 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 7-12-06 
 
 ( rrosser Kurfurst 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 5 
 
 7-16-06 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 4 
 
 7-17-06 
 
 Kaiser TTilhelm II 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 7-23-06 
 
 '( a (t 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 15 
 
 7-24-06 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 5 
 
 '• 
 
 Kronp. Wilhelm 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 3 
 
 
 11 ( . 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 34 
 
 7-31-06 
 
 Fried, der Grosse 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 H 
 
 9-1-06 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm II 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 5 
 
 " 
 
 (( <i (( 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 5 Distinct at once. 
 
 a 
 
 Grosser Kurfurst 
 
 Weser 
 
 3 
 
 9-6-06 
 
 Bremen 
 
 " 
 
 H Helped by bell. 
 
 9-10-06 
 
 Grosser Kurfurst 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 9-25-06 
 
 K. Wm. der Grosse 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 4 
 
 9-28-06 
 
 Kronp. Wilhelm 
 
 Weser 
 
 5 
 
 9-29-06 
 
 Fried, der Grosse 
 
 
 4 
 
 (( 
 
 (( ii ii 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 ^ 
 
 10-2-06 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 " 
 
 K. Wm. der Grosse 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 44 Bell just began to rine. 
 
 ■' 
 
 (( (. ti li 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 H 
 
 10-9-06 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm II 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 H 
 
 " 
 
 .i (( u 
 
 Sandjf Hook 
 
 6 
 
 10-23-06 
 
 Kronp. Wilhelm 
 
 .. 
 
 s 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 ii li 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 9 
 
 10-25-06 
 
 K. Wm. der Grosse 
 
 Weser 
 
 7 
 
 " 
 
 (t a a a 
 
 Elbe 
 
 i 
 
 10-27-06 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Weser 
 
 3 
 
 ii. 
 
 ii 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 
 
 11-1-06 
 
 Xeckar 
 
 a a 
 
 5 Distinct at once. 
 
 11-3-06 
 
 K. Wm. der Grosse 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 24 
 
 11-6-06 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm II 
 
 Weser 
 
 H 
 
 11-20-06 
 
 11 '. u 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 6 
 
 11-22-06 
 
 Main 
 
 a It 
 
 5 
 
 12-21-06 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm II 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 H 
 
 1-15-07 
 
 K. Wm. der Grosse 
 
 Weser 
 
 4 
 
 l-lS-07 
 
 Ehein 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 7 1 point on star. bow. 
 
 1-19-07 
 
 Xeckar 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 [18 J 
 
 7 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 T>:\.ta 
 
 Vessel 
 
 Station 
 
 Dist. Remarks 
 
 2-5-07 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm II 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 5 1 point on star. bow. 
 
 ii. 
 
 .. 
 
 Sandj' Hook 
 
 3 Cameinby means of bell. 
 
 2-9 07 
 
 Fried, dev Clrosse 
 
 Weser 
 
 5 2 points star. bow. 
 
 2-12-07 
 
 Kronp. Wilhelm 
 
 1 1 
 
 7i 
 
 2-10-07 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm 11 
 
 11 
 
 4i Speed 23 knots. 
 
 il 
 
 U il 11 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 24 ii 11 u 
 
 2-27-07 
 
 a u (( 
 
 11 1 1 
 
 5J IJ points port bow. 
 
 3-2-07 
 
 K. Wm. der Grosse 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 12 Did not hear fog whistle. 
 
 3-2-07 
 
 U U «i li 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 9 Dead ahead. 
 
 3-5-07 
 
 Main 
 
 Weser 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 " 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 2| 
 
 8-13-07 
 
 Neckar 
 
 X an tucket 
 
 2* 
 
 3-14-07 
 
 i 1 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 7 
 
 3-16-07 
 
 Grosser Kurftirst 
 
 Weser 
 
 2 Heard soon as listened. 
 
 3-22-07 
 
 Main 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 4 11 ii 11 
 
 3-2-1-07 
 
 Rhein 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 H 
 
 3-26-07 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm II 
 
 Weser 
 
 H 
 
 " 
 
 U il 11 
 
 Aussenjade 
 
 7 [listened. 
 
 4-9-07 
 
 Kaiser Wm. II 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 5^ Heard distinctly soon as 
 
 4-16-06 
 
 11 u 
 
 Sandettie 
 
 9^ Speed 22^ knots. 
 
 4-30-07 
 
 Grosser Kurftirst 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 8 
 
 (( 
 
 K. Wm. der Grosse 
 
 (( (( 
 
 6 
 
 (( 
 
 (i il (1 11 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 4 
 
 5-11-07 
 
 Rhein 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 6 
 
 Wrecks that might have been averted 
 
 The Shippinij Lid and LloycVs Gazette of March 19, 1907, 
 commenting on the report of the North German Lloyd, says : 
 
 "The Company has something to say about submarine bells, and an 
 intimation is given that before long no fewer than four important points 
 on the German coast will be provided with submarine signaling appa- 
 ratus. It is apposite to remark that if ever tlie usefulness of this sys- 
 tem was apparent a case was made for it by the wrecks in the English 
 Channel reported yesterday. The Sneric could hardly have got on 
 the rocks had there been a submarine bell to warn her, and the same 
 would probably have been the case with the Jebha. People may talk 
 about this or that form of illuminant as being more especially suited 
 to foggy weather, or of this or that explosive signal as being the best. 
 But, when all is said and done, by far the simplest and most effective 
 means of avoiding wreck is found in the submarine bell, which, indif- 
 ferent to gale or the density of the atmosphere, repeats in the silent 
 waters its warning note to the ship which may be heading to destruc- 
 tion." 
 
 SuBiiAKiNE Bells on the French Coast. — The Xorth German 
 Lloyd, the Hamburg-American and the Holland-America Lines have 
 approached the French Government with a request that they equip the 
 French harbors of call with submarine signals. 
 
 [19 ] 
 

 Ihillniiil-.l iiii-i'h-ii SUaiiixliii, ■' /.'■,l/rnl<l)ii," n/iii/ii,,,/ ii-illi Siil.ijKl ri ii, S'njii.il J j,/Hini/iix 
 
 Holland-America Line 
 
 Tlic I l()ll:iiiil-Aincri(';i Line li:is ret-eiitly equijipcd its five traiis- 
 
 Atlimtic struiiisliips with apparatus t" i'ecei\'e sul)inariiie signals: 
 New Aiiisti-nlaiii 17,'_'"iO 
 
 Xnni-,laiii I'J,:.::] 
 
 I'litsdani iL'.OOIl 
 
 StatHii.laiii Ki.Jfil 
 
 Ityii.laiii l-J,."iL'7 
 
 TliL' fiiUuwiiiL;' rfpdi'ts ]ia\'r liefii rereiveil : 
 
 l-L':l-n7 X.i.,ialali 
 
 I--J7-II7 I'ol-.lani 
 
 :>-7-n7 KyDdaiii 
 ;i-7-ii7 
 
 'IVint^M--- II,,llaiHl ■■ li Head alaai.l. 
 
 11 1 ]H,illt i-cat l.n«'. 
 
 Firr Maii.l i 
 
 Samlv II. ink -1 
 
 [ ■-'" ] 
 
b 
 
 i 1 
 
 
 /■',■,„,■', /.,■„, s7,,,,„,s/,;,, ■■ /,,, /',•,„■,„,■ 
 
 ,;,,/ //■/■/// >,//,,„,,,•//,, Sn/„,:l ./;,/„/,■,,/(, 
 
 Compazine (iciicralc Transatlaiiti((Vie 
 
 1 1 li; n;, 
 IJ-l l-n:, 
 
 \--jr.-ui: 
 .'i-:; ml 
 :,-■_' 1 -I h; 
 
 (l--_"_'-l Hi 
 
 7-"_'i;-()i; 
 !)-■_' N_j m; 
 1(i-j:,-ih; 
 
 l-lT-n; 
 
 I ' 1 ( . \' I ■ 1 1 ( ■ 
 
 S:iMii 
 
 I''||.' N1:iimI 
 
 S.'IImU \Un.l 
 
 ]■•,,.■ |.I:iimI 
 SaiMlN II. -ok 
 l-'liv IsIiiimI 
 
 S;ilM\ II.H-l, 
 l''iiv M I 
 
 S;iihU ll.Mik 
 I'ir.. Nhiinl 
 Nill.lUrk.' 
 
 I'll.' I-LmmI 
 
 X,-.l,lllrkH 
 
 Kliv MjihI 
 ^;ni.|> Ikinl^ 
 
 X;nitili'ki'l 
 (..•.liir\ (km 
 
 .1 i:^ mil.-. 
 
 :; Aknle, |M,ri kv k.-!l 
 
 :. I'i. k.-l r,,lll^,- ks 
 .'i Il.-:i.| :il,f,Hl. 
 
[-] 
 

 ]Vliili' Sidi- Stcdiiisliip " Oceanic," fqyijjpi'd trilli Snlnniiriiie Siijiud Appnratns 
 
 White Star Line 
 
 I>ist. 
 
 Ueiiiuvks 
 
 9-5-05 
 
 ( (ceaiiic 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 
 10-5-05 
 
 Kultic 
 
 Nantucket 
 
 i 
 
 4-18-06 
 
 Oceanic 
 
 
 ■ ) 
 
 4-25-06 
 
 " 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 .) 
 
 
 
 Fii-e island 
 
 5 
 
 
 Baltic 
 
 Xortli\\est 
 
 'i 
 
 5-0-06 
 
 ( )ceaiiic 
 
 
 4 
 
 5-li:-06 
 
 " 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 3 
 
 5-L':V06 
 
 '• 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 i 
 
 
 Samly Houk 
 
 o 
 
 " 
 
 Baltic 
 
 Northwest 
 
 s 
 
 C-ii-OO 
 
 Oceanic 
 
 
 :;i 
 
 C-ll'-llli 
 
 
 Xaiducket 
 
 :; 
 
 6-i:]-06 
 
 ( i 
 
 Sandy no(.k 
 I-'ire Island 
 
 -| 
 
 i;-l!o-06 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 7-]:-06 
 
 Itepulilic 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 oi 
 
 [ -■' ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Hate 
 
 Vessel 
 
 station 
 
 Dist. 
 
 Remarks 
 
 7-4-OG 
 
 Baltic 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 3 
 
 
 7-5-06 
 
 I'lepulilic 
 
 Boston 
 
 o 
 
 Dead ahead. 
 
 7-n-OG 
 
 Oceiinic 
 
 Kantucket 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 'i 
 
 1 point star. bow. 
 
 7-lS-OG 
 
 i^ 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 Fire Island 
 
 H 
 
 3 
 
 
 7 -20-013 
 
 " 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 2 
 
 
 8-8-06 
 
 i i 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 h 
 
 Dead ahead. 
 
 S-10-06 
 
 Republic 
 
 Boston 
 
 n 
 
 
 0-2(1-06 
 
 Baltic 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 2 
 
 
 10-10-06 
 
 '■ 
 
 X. West 
 
 t 
 
 
 10-6-06 
 
 Republic 
 
 Boston 
 
 6 
 
 
 10-12-06 
 
 Arabic 
 
 X. West 
 
 8 
 
 
 10-23-06 
 
 Romanic 
 
 Boston 
 
 5 
 
 
 11-1-00 
 
 ^lajestic 
 
 X. West 
 
 3 
 
 
 11-2-06 
 
 Cymric 
 
 k^ a 
 
 5i 
 
 
 11-3-06 
 
 C re tic 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 7 
 
 
 11-1-1-06 
 
 Cedric 
 
 X. West 
 
 7 
 
 
 11-21-06 
 
 Baltic 
 
 Sandv Hook 
 
 7 
 
 i point star. bow. 
 
 11-23-06 
 
 Arabic 
 
 X. West 
 
 10 
 
 
 11-28-06 
 
 Celtic 
 
 ki i ^ 
 
 i 
 
 
 12-5-06 
 
 Oceanic 
 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 '■) 
 
 Heard soon as listened. 
 
 12-6-06 
 
 Celtic 
 
 X^antucket 
 
 6^ Distinct at once. 
 
 U 
 
 " 
 
 Gedney Ch. Buoy 
 
 o 
 
 
 12-9-06 
 
 Cymric 
 
 Boston 
 
 3 
 
 
 12-19-06 
 
 Baltic 
 
 Gedney Ch. Buoy 
 
 •J 
 
 1 point off bow, 15 knots 
 
 speed. 
 
 Bell heard for three miles 
 
 12-20-06 
 
 Celtic 
 
 X. West 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 astern. 
 
 12-20-06 
 
 Oceanic 
 
 ' ' 
 
 6 
 
 Heard distinctly soon as 
 listened. 
 
 12-30-06 
 
 Cedric 
 
 Sandv Hook 
 
 5 
 
 ■ i point starboard bow. 
 
 1-0-07 
 
 jMajewtic 
 
 X\ West 
 
 6 
 
 
 1-12-07 
 
 Caiiopic 
 
 Boston 
 
 ■i 
 
 Heard soon as listened. 
 
 1-16-07 
 
 Arabic 
 
 X. -West 
 
 9 
 
 Heard soon as listened. 
 
 1-17-(I7 
 
 Cymric 
 
 Boston 
 
 •5! 
 
 Distincttowellabaftbeam 
 
 l-]!)-07 
 
 Celtic 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 i 
 
 Heard soon as listened. 
 
 l-2i-07 
 
 Republic 
 
 ISiiston 
 
 s 
 
 
 2-6-07 
 
 .Majestic 
 
 X. West 
 
 6 
 
 
 2-20-07 
 
 Oceanic 
 
 Fire Island 
 Sandy Hook 
 
 lOi 
 
 ."Made lightship by bell. 
 
 3-8-07 
 
 Baltic 
 
 .. 
 
 u 
 
 Speed 16 knots. Heavy 
 
 snow. 
 
 3-1 1-07 
 
 ]\Iajestic 
 
 Xantucket 
 
 s 
 
 Heard bell 20 minutes be- 
 fore whistle. 
 
 3-17-07 
 
 Cedric 
 
 Sandv Hook 
 
 ■^i 
 
 Heard soon as listened. 
 
 3-27-07 
 
 Baltic 
 
 X\ West 
 
 I 
 
 
 3-31-07 
 
 Cedric 
 
 a . ^ 
 
 c, 
 
 
 [24 
 
Submarine Sij^iial C'oiiipaiiy 
 
 l>,ltr 
 
 \".-syfl 
 
 l-.'i-(i7 
 
 lialtir 
 
 1-1 11-07 
 
 ( »(>';ii)ii' 
 
 1-1 u-(iV 
 
 ( 'aiioinr 
 
 l-lit; 1)7 
 
 .\ialiir 
 
 1-J1M)7 
 
 (-eltir 
 
 ">-:>-o7 
 
 Maji--lic 
 
 "i-s-i)7 
 
 Ailrialic 
 
 
 Ailriatir 
 
 V-JL'-i)7 
 
 OcHiiiiic 
 
 V-_'4-ii7 
 
 Aial.ic 
 
 .'.-■-'7-07 
 
 Ui'lMlblic 
 
 (■;.'.|m.'V CI]. Buoy :;i 
 
 llnstcll II ll.-aiM ~ I a- ]lMrl,,.,l. 
 
 S:mi(1\ II..,>k .^^ ;. jinihl (.IT |iMi( li.iw. 
 
 Fiia. l.^laii.l .^ \\'a>nf assislaiM'.- .-11111111 
 
 Saii.lv llu.. 
 
 X. \\pHt 
 
 r,..^i,.ii 
 
 N I li'ar.l Ml. .11 a> li^I.Ol.• 
 :,}, 1^1 kii..l-. 
 
 o" ir.'k ^. I). -a. I ah. -a. 
 
 
 ■1 
 (J 
 
 /;../ S/„r Sl,.i„ish,i, •■ Z,,l,,nJ." ,,,/,.,-,„,/ /,, 
 
 
 [ -■"■ ] 
 
'^ ;pViiM[iil(wi 
 
 ^l /iirrif(ii/-L///i' Sf, iiz/tslifj' ".S/. /*ii/il,' 
 
 
 American Line 
 
 T\l\\ Wnu- trans-Atlaiiti(" liners of the Anierieaii Lin 
 have recently licen (MinipiJed \\-itli tlie Suhniarine Sijina 
 
 jUie 
 (pupped \\'itli tlie ^ulnna.rlne Mynal 
 i-eeei\in!4' apparatus. The St. I>( aiis I'epoiis tliat on Ma\'l:.i,iu 
 f(lL,^ slic picked np tlie sound (if tlic Xant iielcet Slidals hell at 
 a distance of t\\-el\(' miles, \-ery distineth-, inider a speed of 
 t went \' knots. 
 
 Till! N'essels (jl this line e(|nipped are; 
 
 New Velk 
 
 St. I,,, (lis 
 SI. P;ii(l 
 
 le,7!is toi 
 ll.ii-Jli •. 
 1(1, Tsd .. 
 
 [ i^c; ] 
 

 The Atlantic Transport Line 
 
 "^ 1^ 11 1 > Aihmiir 'rr;iii>|ioit I.iiie is tlie fonri h n'i tin' roii- 
 
 1 
 
 ^titiiciii II iiiipaiiifs iif the Intenjatiiiiial .AltTcaiitilt' Ma- 
 lini.-. In install nil it^ passf iiu'i.T steamship.-- the ^iilunariiie 
 Si;_;iial rt_'cc-i \ iiiL,' apparatus. Tlie ^'essels eijiiippi-il aiv ; — 
 
 .s.>. Miiinea 
 
 ]iOllS 
 
 1 L 1 H 1 1 1 ton 
 
 >.S. .Minii.'li 
 
 :il,;i 
 
 1 1 JMH) 
 
 s>; ,M.-,-:ili:i 
 
 
 i; .(M HI 
 
 >.^. Miiiii.-t 
 
 oiika 
 
 H. ■■ 
 
 [ ■^' J 
 
Culiqulnia Tj-iix,lthiilti:::l .•^ftnii,.s/,ij>. ■ ■ I'.ii, ,l"S A i ii 
 
 Suhiiijirine si, /mils 
 
 /iiiiij nl /./ njri'icv 
 
 Compania Trasatlantica 
 
 ■^I^lll-^ li\f steamships (if tlic ('cmpariia Trasathiiitica, snil- 
 A iiiL4' Iroiu New \ ("ii'l< to Cailiz and Harccldiia, Spain, and 
 • iiaioa ami \a]ilrs. Italw luna' rccentlv lieou ciiuippi'd to rc- 
 ciM \ r sill )mari lie sii^nals. 
 
 riir slramsliips (.f tliis line afi' : 
 
 Aiit.iiii(j I, (.]!('/, .'i.lC:. 
 
 IJaeiM i^-Airi's "i,L'(i.~i 
 
 MnlllsrIT.m 1.117 
 
 .M;illllr| (';|lv,, .-,,(117 
 
 .Ml till .•\ i(]i'M .", -ai.-i 
 

 s ^ ^ y'j^^ 
 
 
 
 ('iiiiiiiliiiii I'lirijii- S/fiiiihsliij> " ICiiiiJ/-fxx nf /nhi/ol. : jiiipjn J I 
 
 •^11 1 III II III Siuiiiih! 
 
 Canadian Pacific Steamship Company 
 
 TIIECaiKi 
 tire trull: 
 
 ^IIK Canadian Pacitic Steaiiislii[) Cn. lias enui})[)e(l its cu- 
 re transatlantic fleet to rccci\-c tin.' snlmiarinc signals 
 that ai'c lieino' rcgiilarh" sent from the liglitships in the St. 
 Lawrence, Red Island, White Island. Prince Sla-.als and Anti- 
 costi and li\- tlie iMersex- I)()<djs and ilarli(jr lloai'd at Liver- 
 pool. The ^■essels of this fleet are: — 
 
 iMiipr^ss tif f ri'l 
 
 111,1 
 
 14. 
 
 l!ll 
 
 tons 
 
 Empress (jf liiit 
 
 ain 
 
 14. 
 
 fSI) 
 
 
 Lrifre Maiiitoliu 
 
 
 11 , 
 
 ;7i 
 
 
 Mount 'J'cnii'le 
 
 
 '">. 
 
 TlHI 
 
 
 ^[oaiit liovaf 
 
 
 s. 
 
 747 
 
 
 .Mniitreal 
 
 
 s. 
 
 044 
 
 
 iMciitezunia 
 
 
 s, 
 
 :',i;o 
 
 
 [^•'] 
 
Submarine Si.unal Company 
 
 Lake Michigan 8,200 tons 
 
 Lake Erie 7.5.")() •• 
 
 Lake Champlain 7.:!!l2 " 
 
 Milwau.kee 7,323 
 
 Montrose 6,270 
 
 Montfort 5,519 
 
 Montcalm 5,505 
 
 Monmouth -4,078 
 
 Made Port by the Submarine Bell 
 
 Captain Hoclder, Master of the Canadian Pacific Railway 
 S. S. Moiifxalm reports that at 7.2.") a.m. ilarch 30, 1907, he 
 was trying to make Yarmouth, X.S., in a dense fog. By dead 
 reckoning he assumed his ship to be near Lurcher Shoals, and 
 listened for the bell. When about five miles from the ship, 
 the third officer, ^Ir. Lane, reported that he heard the bell 
 distinctly. The Montcalm, passed the lightship about four 
 miles away without hearing the air-whistle at all. 
 
 A Stranding and a Moral 
 
 The moral we are disposed to draw from the Sucvic inquiry 
 is that it illustrates in the most convincing fashion the value 
 of submarine signaling. The steamers of the White Star 
 Line engaged in the Atlantic trade are fitted with submarine 
 signal apparatus, and they have the advantage of the safety 
 resulting from them when they enter New York or Liver 
 pool, as the case may be. Doubtless the Sucvic would have 
 been fitted with similar apparatus had the Lizard been 
 equipped with a submarine bell. Then all the uncertainty 
 as to the whereabouts of the light and all the difficulty of 
 hearing the fog signals would have been obviated, and Capt. 
 Jones, instead of to-day being the subject of official reproach, 
 would have been enjoying that reputation to which a long 
 course of careful navigation had entitled him. — Shipping 
 (fu~dtc (tiiil IJoijcVs list, London, Thursday, April 'J5, 1907. 
 
 [30 ] 
 

 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 ■I* 
 
 
 
 &^J^ 
 
 |g 
 
 \ 
 
 4 
 
 2! 
 
 fer«»c"^-^^^^^l'9i 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Jllllllilli 1 1 ^/ I I I I II I 1 1 
 
 I II "^ 
 
 Siihiiinriii, Shiiiiih 
 
 Dominion Line 
 
 rial.- 
 
 A".-..-. 
 
 1 
 
 SlatJMii 
 
 Hist 
 
 7-lL'-IMi 
 
 C'aiiai 
 
 la 
 
 Xnl'tllWfSt 
 
 (;.i, 
 
 s-:;-iMi 
 
 
 
 ];.m1 Islini.l 
 
 ;; 
 
 O-.'i-Oi; 
 
 
 
 Xnrtliwe.^t 
 
 - 
 
 1 (i-'j.V(ii; 
 
 
 
 
 li.l 
 
 iL'-o-oi; 
 
 
 
 ( 'aiif ]-;iiz;ilietli 
 
 II 
 
 l--Jl-i)7 
 
 
 
 Xoi-thufst 
 
 1; 
 
 [l.y I.hII. 
 Tliirk silow : iiKtdie port 
 
 'lilt' Nti-ainsliip Di'iiiiiii'iN is als'i ei|iii[ipial to receive siiluiiariiie >i 
 
 Dominion Coal Co. 
 
 Date Vessel station Di^t. Ut-j 
 
 VIAU-W, Cape Breton Clp-JMicto Head ] :^- 
 
 l-'Jo-07 lionavista Liin^lier Sli.jals 4 
 
 l-:i(iri7 C'acouna 
 
 li (iot iliia-ctioii witliii) 1 
 iioiiit. 
 
 The steamsliips Lniiishnnj -Aiul ('nlum ai'e also equipped with the siiliiiiai'iiie 
 sii^iial receiviir^ apparatus. 
 
 [ 31 ] 
 
M,.lrni,nlil.ni Lh,, Sf,,uinrs. ,^i:ni:i„.l inll, .<„/>i,i„.nn, Si,,,,., I J nMn^hi.^ 
 
 Metropolitan Line 
 
 Date 
 
 
 \-,..-.srl 
 
 Slilthili 
 
 '.-."i-ilH 
 
 J. 
 
 S. Wliiliu.-y 
 
 Boston 
 
 i-.'i-oi; 
 
 
 
 Polloi'k Kii 
 
 ;-,s-im; 
 
 
 ■' 
 
 Coriili.-l.l 
 
 i-li-(iii 
 
 11. 
 
 V. Iiiiiioi'k 
 
 ]>iistnll 
 
 i-1 1 l-l M 
 
 1! 
 
 .M. Wliilii.-v 
 
 I'nllnc'k l!i| 
 
 l-l:;-iM 
 
 H 
 
 F. Hi 'k 
 
 
 i- 1 fi-l M 
 
 II 
 
 M. Wliitiiev 
 
 Ud.sl,,]] 
 
 ;-lV-iM 
 
 11 
 
 F. Diniu.-k' 
 
 ]',,ll,.ck I!l| 
 
 i;-lM-oi 
 
 II 
 
 AI. WliitiH-y 
 
 HoHlcill 
 
 C.-L'L'-ni 
 
 
 
 C'oniliekl 
 
 (;-■_> |-i){ 
 
 
 
 r>i.st(.n 
 P(ill(H-k I!ii 
 
 u 
 
 II 
 
 Willlrl' 
 
 
 (;-■_' 11-111 
 
 
 
 
 Ur rk, 
 
 :'4 
 4 
 
 ,1 . S. \Vli)tiiHV ISostoii 
 
 -I 
 .",1 
 
 4 
 
 [ --' ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Date 
 
 f;--_'.^-0(i 
 
 7-1-oii 
 
 7-L'-oi; 
 
 7-:;-oi; 
 7-ii-0(; 
 
 7-7-01; 
 
 7-ii-oi; 
 7-10-00 
 
 7-11-06 
 7-1:1-00 
 
 7-L'2-O0 
 
 7-'_':;-0("i 
 
 7-L'l-OO 
 
 7-L'7-o(; 
 7-L'O-oO 
 7-:!l-0ii 
 
 A'essel 
 H. F Diiiiock 
 J. S. Whitiiev 
 H. M. 
 
 J. S, Whitney 
 
 H.M. 
 
 H. F. Uiiiiock 
 
 H. M. Wliituey 
 
 H. F. Dimock 
 H. M. Whitiii-y 
 
 J. S. Whitney 
 H. Winter 
 
 7-:!l-0i; ,T. S. Whitney 
 
 ,v_'-ii(; 
 
 0-!I-O0 
 
 l(Mi-0(i 
 
 lO-L'l-OO 
 
 lo-'_':;-oO 
 
 H. M. Whitney 
 H. V. Dimock 
 H. M. Whitney 
 
 11-21-O0 J. S. Whitney 
 H. Winter 
 H. :M. Wliitney 
 
 J. S. Whitney 
 ir. M. Whitney 
 
 ll-l'L'-Ofi 
 
 12-10-OG 
 
 1l'-l'>-oi; 
 
 1l'-l'Ii-oi; 
 
 1-1-07 
 
 1-0-O7 
 
 1-10-07 
 
 1-11-07 
 
 l-i:)-07 
 
 1-17-07 
 
 l-lfl-07 
 
 l-L'L'-07 
 
 1-2.V07 
 
 L'--.'-07 
 
 2-10-07 
 
 PI. F. Dimock 
 
 ^trttion 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 
 Boston 
 
 PoUock Rip 
 
 Boston 
 
 Cornfield 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 
 I!n>tun 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 Boston 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 
 Boston 
 
 Cornfield 
 
 Bostnn 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 
 Boston 
 
 C'oinheld 
 
 Boston 
 
 Cornfield 
 
 Bri-ton 
 
 Cornfield 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 
 Vineyard .Sound 
 
 Boston 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 
 Boston 
 
 Vine3'ard Sound 
 Pollock Rip 
 Boston 
 
 ^'ineyard Sonnd 
 Boston 
 Cornfield 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 Vineyard Sound 
 Cornfield 
 
 II. M. Whitney Pollock Rip 
 
 '■ •■ Boston 
 
 Pollock Rip 
 " '■ Cornfield 
 
 [:;:^] 
 
 [minutes. 
 Heard distinctly for ^jO 
 
 [before whistle. 
 Heard bell -J't minutes 
 
 i' 
 
Submarine Signal C'oin])aii3' 
 
 I>:it.; 
 
 
 \".->.s.-l 
 
 
 .--t.'Uion 
 
 2-17-07 
 
 11. 
 
 F. 1 >imuck 
 
 I! 
 
 (.ston 
 
 ■_'.l's-ii7 
 
 11. 
 
 M. Whitney 
 
 A' 
 
 ini'yard .Sound 
 
 ;;-,s-i i7 
 
 11. 
 
 \Viiitev 
 
 (_' 
 
 (.ni'hel.l 
 
 :!-M-(i7 
 
 ,1. 
 
 .s. AVliitiifv 
 
 
 
 
 II. 
 
 M. Wliitn'ey 
 
 r 
 
 ullocli Rip 
 
 :',-l.Vi)7 
 
 .1. 
 
 S. Wliifiiey 
 
 1! 
 
 ostdll 
 
 -J-!l-(l7 
 
 II. 
 
 AViiiter 
 
 
 .. 
 
 i-L':i-n7 
 
 .1. 
 
 .S. Wliitiipy 
 
 c 
 
 onitielJ 
 
 1-L's-(17 
 
 11. 
 
 .M. Whitney 
 
 ]'. 
 
 i>stoii 
 
 4-:!(i-ii7 
 
 11 
 
 , AViiit.M- 
 
 y 
 
 ..lloclv- Itip 
 
 .:i-li";-(i7 
 
 11. 
 
 M. Wliitnev 
 
 \ 
 
 ineyard Sound 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 ,s 
 
 2 [fore whistle. 
 
 Ij liell heard L'l niiinitesbe- 
 
 i\ 
 
 1 Heard soon as listened. 
 
 _ \ 
 
 ...S!p"'^f^"*r7ifJpv-^R.nVirsPi»fiwia!ai«pni^.-»;t'l- 
 
 (Jlii I'liiiiilihili Liiir S/,;uilsllip " J/H///-er," ,,/injiji,il h> rn-eirr Siihiiiiiriln' ^ijjiiah 
 
 iMtH A-rssel 
 
 ll'-dii Hamilton 
 
 ]-J--_'!i-Oil I'l'inri-ss Ann 
 ]l'-:;ii-iii1 ilaniiltun 
 
 l-ls-117 Munrue 
 
 l-l!i-()7 llaniiltiiij 
 
 l--J-_'-n7 .lani.'^tnwn 
 
 •J-li;-ii7 ll.aniiltnn 
 
 '■\-'J->>7 Mnniiie 
 
 -l-L':;-n7 
 
 ."i-l(i-ii7 .Iani''stf 
 
 Old Dominion Line 
 
 .St.lfiMU l>ist. 
 
 Tail of Hor.seslL.e -1 
 
 Winter (^larter 1 
 
 Fenwiidi hshiiid t 
 
 V\\K Fathnni '< 
 
 Tail of llorseslioe 21 
 
 WiiitPi' nuarti'i' '> 
 
 Feiiu irk Isl.and 1.', 
 
 Ov.'rfalls i;j 
 
 Fenwii'k Island I.', 
 
 Tail of llol>r>],,M. (f 
 
 (Sed ni'\" ( lian . I )Um\- 'J 
 
 l-"enuic'lj Island I 
 
 Winter l^uaitei- :l 
 
 Fi\e Fathom L'J 
 
 Wintei-f inarter.Shoal '■'< 
 
 [:;i] 
 
M.rrliniils A- J/;//«« Liii, N.N. "(>»A 
 
 Merchants & Miners Transportation Co. 
 
 Date 
 
 Steamer 
 
 2-0i; Xlllitliclcet 
 
 ■_'■-> ^oi; 
 
 ■_'L'-llli 
 
 ■J-l-nii 
 
 l-oi; 
 
 )-(m; 
 
 .'-V-Ik; ,Iiiiii:ita 
 .'-■JII-im; Krrsliaw 
 
 '.'-•_' 1 -0 1 ; 
 
 L'l-IMl X.aiiliu-ket 
 
 ■_"-Jaii; 
 
 1'-:;o-(m; K.M-sli:n\- 
 -(i-ii7 
 
 -11-07 .liiiiiata 
 
 -l.'i-liT K.-rshaw 
 
 -17-(i7 
 
 -17-n7 \anfiirl;et 
 
 -|S-(i7 .liiiiiata 
 
 -l:i-i)7 Xaiitiifki't 
 
 -•jL'-n7 Oiiiari,. 
 
 -■J-J-II7 (;l(ll|r,.,tHl- 
 
 -L':>-n7 Xaiitucket 
 -:lij-ii7 .liiiiiata 
 
 Lililltsliip Hist. K.aiiarks 
 
 Pollock Kip Sliuals 4 
 Jlustnn 4 
 
 •1\ -{ iioiiit olT jM.rt linw. 
 P..lluck Ri]> Shoals L'l Dea.l ah. Mil. 
 Xaiiturket \\ L' points off star. how. 
 
 r.oston ] 
 
 Pollock Rip Shoals I'l 
 
 I Pi rdi lies Ledge BuoyL'J lleanl a.s soon as listeiieil. 
 Boston ' r 
 
 Pollock Pii|. Shoals U ^ ]ioint slar.lio^v. 
 
 \'iiiHyai'il Soiiiid ."j 1 point olT slar. how. 
 
 Pive Palhoni P)ank A 'J point s olf si ar. Pow. 
 
 Boston i; .APmIc lightsliip hy lidl. 
 
 Polio, -k Pip Sh.ials U ■{■hick Iol;-. 1 point off 
 
 how. 
 
 Pile Islaml -1 
 
 \"iiicvaril Soiiihl ■_'] 
 
 l;osli.ii 
 
 Pirc islaml P', Ilcanl as soon as 1 isteiie,]. 
 
 Ijoston L' Poiid s\hen hegan listen- 
 ing. 
 
 •' L'-; 4 point off poit how. 
 
 ID Ip-anl as soon as listened. 
 
 l"il-e Island o •■ " " ■■ 
 
 [ ^-] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 I>:ilo 
 
 Yl■^«^'l 
 
 SliUicui 
 
 Dist. 
 
 Itemarks 
 
 •-'-•-'-07 
 
 Kershaw 
 
 Pollock l!ip Shoals 
 
 s 
 
 2 points off bow. 
 
 •2-:i-07 
 
 Oiitai'io 
 
 a it (1 
 
 3 
 
 
 •-'-1-(I7 
 
 .Tuiiiata 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 oh 
 
 Determined course by 
 
 bell. 
 
 2 points oft' star. bow. 
 
 •-'-1(1-07 
 
 Kersliaw 
 
 ISoston 
 
 7 
 
 1'-L'0-(I7 
 
 Xaiitucket 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 n 
 
 
 ^-•_'-07 
 
 Kfrsliaw 
 
 (( n 
 
 5 
 
 
 :!-l()-(i7 
 
 " 
 
 u 
 
 (J 
 
 2 points off port bow. 
 
 :!-l:;-07 
 
 (Jloucester 
 
 Vineyard Sound 
 
 1 
 
 
 :;-^-'7-(i7 
 
 Kersliaw 
 
 a it 
 
 2 
 
 2 points off star. bow. 
 
 :!-^2.s-(i7 
 
 li 
 
 Pollock Rip Shoals 
 
 k 
 
 1 point off star. bow. 
 
 ".-•2!i-()7 
 
 Nantucket 
 
 Boston 
 
 4 
 
 
 l-S-07 
 
 Kersha w 
 
 Cape Charles 
 
 H 
 
 Whistle lieard only 1 mile. 
 
 4-9-07 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 Boston 
 
 H 
 
 Steered by bell. 
 
 l--2:i-07 
 
 Ildward 
 
 Fire Island 
 
 6 
 
 
 4-29-07 
 
 Ontario 
 
 a c( 
 
 3 
 
 
 4-:j0-o7 
 
 I' 
 
 Pollock Pup Slioals 
 
 03 
 
 Heard as soon as listened. 
 
 4-:30-()7 
 
 it 
 
 Vinej'ard Sound 
 
 4 
 
 
 5-16-07 
 
 11 
 
 Pollock Rip Shoals 
 Fire Ishiiid 
 
 5 
 (i 
 
 
 5-17-07 
 
 li 
 
 Vineyard Sound 
 
 •J 
 
 
 Submarine Signal Notes 
 
 The Red Star liner Vaterlaml, of 12,0ls tons, has happily made but 
 a short stay on the Goodwins, where she was reported aground late last 
 night. Such a casualty as this — and, indeed, other strandings which 
 have occurred in these narrow waters during the recent foggy weather, 
 would probably have been avoided were submarine bells employed on 
 the lightships in the locality. — Liver/mol Shi/ipiiu/ LiM ami Lla/jd's Ga- 
 zelle, Man-li 4, 1907. 
 
 Captain AVettin of the Xorth German Lloj'd .S. S. Kaiser Willielm 
 der (Jrnsse reports that on a recent trip to New York he made Fire 
 Island Lightship in a thick fog. The fog siren on the lightship itself 
 conld not be heard in passing in consequence of a stitt' southwest breeze, 
 and it was solely due to the submarine signal, with which the KdUer 
 Willielm der Grouse is equipped, that the lightship was picked up. — North 
 Oeniian Lh.ijd Bullelin, Mni/, 1907. 
 
 The Plymouth (England) Chamber of Commerce has asked the Asso 
 ciated Chambers of Commerce of Great Britain to urge the universal 
 adoption of submarine signaling, to be paid for by the national ex- 
 che(pier. 
 
 [ ■■''■' ] 
 
jysPS^l 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 l:,,.-f,.i,-/'liilfn/.//.l,;,, SI,,,„isIni, •' /^r.v/.l//." , 7////,/., ,7 A, ,-, r, /r, S»/-„/, ,,■;,/. N;,/;,.i/.v 
 
 Boston and Pliiladeli^hia Line 
 
 i;--_'-im; 1 1 
 
 I ;-i.'M-i II 1 
 
 
 
 h-:'i( )-l II i 
 
 
 
 ^■H-ih; 
 
 
 
 1 i-oi i-i Hi 
 
 
 
 1 1 i-'_';'p-( II 
 
 IV 
 
 ■^l:i M 
 
 1 1 -L'l 1 1 '1 
 
 hh 
 
 1:1 11 
 
 1 L'-T-l 11 J 
 
 ( .1 
 
 • ■I'lai 
 
 1 ■-'-■-' 1-1 II 
 
 I'r 
 
 > i : 1 1 1 
 
 1 1' - 1' L' - 1 II 
 
 ith 
 
 liiin 
 
 1 L'-;;i i-i It 
 
 1 .]■ 
 
 ■i-inii 
 
 rj-:;i-iii 
 
 
 
 1 i-'j-ii: 
 
 
 
 1 i-i;-ii7 
 
 1 111 
 
 ] ill 11 
 
 7-11-117 
 
 1 1 1- 
 
 ■Ciilll 
 
 Imi^TuII 
 
 \'iii.'\aril Si 
 Tin- ■Miiii.I 
 
 N'iiu'Varil Siuiii 
 
 r.n>tnll 
 
 l-'ii'' Islaijil ^ 
 
 I'l. .1 Ihlll il lilli'V L' 
 
 \ iiii'X ai il >iiuiiil '1 
 
 Knv L-laial :;i ''''" "■''>' ''^'^'"'- 
 
 Vi\<j Kal Imiii r.aiik 1 
 
 (h-rifalN 
 
 l'nl:..rk Kip I \Vlil,st|,.|l,.tl|.-a 
 
 Mill II hill 
 
 Fa! ihiiii Haul; 
 
 ilt^-llip. Mll.ieat tntestil 
 
Su])iuariiie Siunal C()ni])any 
 
 1-LMI-I)7 
 
 I n(li;iii 
 
 1 -■_'(;-( 17 
 
 1 iidiaii 
 
 l-L'7-07 
 
 (ii-iM'ian 
 
 ■J- 1-07 
 
 
 
 l'erni:ui 
 
 L'-l l-(l7 
 
 .. 
 
 ■J- 1! 1-07 
 
 " 
 
 ■J-L'0-07 
 
 Tuscan 
 
 •■'.-1 1-07 
 
 I'ei-sian 
 
 :;-i;i-07 
 
 
 l---':!-o7 
 
 " 
 
 
 Tuscan 
 
 1-:!0-07 
 
 Persian 
 
 
 Indian 
 
 .Vl-07 
 
 l^ersian 
 
 Five Fatlumi ISank 
 Vinej^aril Sounil 
 Pollock Kip 
 
 r.oston 
 Fire Island 
 ( )verfalls 
 r>(,st(ni 
 Overfalls 
 PoUnck Hip 
 
 Fire Island 
 Pollock I!ip 
 
 Vineyard Sound 
 Pollock Rip 
 Overfalls 
 Fire Island 
 Yineyai'd Sound 
 
 s 4nules f iii'tlier tliau whis- 
 tle. Bellofgreatassistance 
 
 4^! 
 
 '^ Ileio'd soon as listened. 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 s,,i,in,<i nil, I i;,, ■,;,■■, 
 
 ■tliiijilii il irilh Siihiiiiu-'nir Siijnal 
 
 [ ^■■■^ ] 
 
Pg^r "-yfiS**/-^-"!?! 
 
 Snxijin Itmiini < '(xil (_'<>/npanij Searjohn/ Tnij ''/'<i<>/i," niiitpi,>d t'> nciirt^ Siihinarhii Siijnuis 
 
 Sea-ofoino- Tua's 
 
 SI;l|).1;ii-.1 
 
 iM.'i-iii; 
 
 
 <l-'jii-f 11] 
 
 
 ii-'_'7-o(; 
 
 
 7-1 l-Di; 
 
 .. 
 
 11-1.s-(m; 
 
 I»ii.llc\- rr;iy 
 
 1 1-l'i;-(m; 
 
 
 lL'-:i-(ii; 
 
 'I'licniiy 
 
 1-1 -117 
 
 ( 1 ypsiiiii Kiiit;" 
 
 1-1-117 
 
 Si;iiMl;n'.l 
 
 1-8-117 
 
 .h ill II Scllll\- 
 
 1-1 1-07 
 
 Culia 
 
 1-JL'-(I7 
 
 Dii.llcy l'i-;iy 
 
 l--j:.-n7 
 
 Ciili.-i 
 
 l--j:i-ii7 
 
 'I'ai'uiiy 
 
 ■J-I'-i '7 
 
 < ly|i~iiiii Kiir^ 
 
 ■J--JII-II7 
 
 M. K. Lurk,. II 
 
 ■J--II-II7 
 
 I'auli 
 
 :;-l-ii7 
 
 Staiiilanl 
 
 :l-ll-(i7 
 
 ■i'aroiiv 
 
 :;-l:;-(i7 
 
 Dihllrv Pray 
 
 l-l:l-n7 
 
 'i'acoiiy 
 
 -l-l.Vi)7 
 
 Cnlli-nrd 
 
 UL^litsliij. I)j-t Keiijarks 
 
 Poll. Kill Shoals :H 
 li 
 
 ](i.iSt01l L'i 
 
 Poll. Itiii .shoaN -j" 
 
 J',o>toii 1-5 
 
 I't. Jllililll iPlloyi 1 
 
 \'iiievaril SoiiimI 1 lleaiil a.s soon a^ H.-itcncd, 
 
 P>iiStoll L'i 
 
 I'oll. Uip Slio;il~ 
 
 I',o-tiill -1 
 
 ,-saiiiiv Hook 
 
 Fire 'isLaiiil :; 
 
 \'iiii'Vaiit Soiuid L'i riiirlc snow ami vriv 
 
 roii^li. 
 
 Bost(.in U llrarila^sooii as listi'iii-.l. 
 H \ iMjiiit on piii-t liow . 
 
 '■ ■_' .Sti-ani tVoiii w histk- s,.|.n. 
 \\'lii-ilH not lii-aiil. 
 
 ('ovnfu'lil 7 Ci.iile ilistinrt at '■'< miles. 
 
 Poll. Ui]i .Mmaks 1 
 
 CnitieM U 
 P>oston 
 Coi-ntii-M 
 Piill. l;i|i .slioal- 
 
 \ inevard .^onml '■) I leanl assoi.m as listenej. 
 
 Mail.. li,L;litsliiii liy lie 
 li i point i.iii star. Iiow . 
 
 [ -''^ ] 
 
Submarine Signal C'()iii|)anv 
 
 I>;d.- ^\■^^^.l 
 
 4---'(i-(i7 C.inciirJ 
 -t--j:i-(i7 .Idliii Scnlly 
 
 ■l-l'T-iiT SiM-;i litem 
 
 Li '1 1,1] H' 
 
 -l--_'^-ii7 ('.i\ iiigicin 
 l--_'!)-ll7 S.'i-antdii 
 
 ■J-iiT (.'oNinutnii 
 
 r,-n7 'I'limiiv 
 
 Ciil.ii ' 
 
 7-07 ( 'iivillL;tnll 
 
 s-07 Li'iiiipe 
 
 lii-(i7 
 
 '_'7-ii7 (_'(iiicoril 
 
 i;-ii7 
 
 .1. (;. Cliinidler 
 
 Stiitiiiii l>i>t. lieiiKirks 
 
 ^\'i liter (,liiiii-t el- Slioal I lleanl as soon as listi-iiH,!, 
 
 Fi\c Fathom I'.aiik U 1 Inardas soon as listened. 
 
 Fi'iiwick Island :; Steam w liistle not lii'aiil. 
 
 Five Fatliom Hank I J, Dense I'o-. Ilioli sea. 
 
 Con. tie], 1 n 
 
 Cape Flizalieth r 
 
 Tail ot Hoi-seshoe L'i Whistle Hot heard. 
 
 I'olh Rip Slioals li Dense loe'. High sea. 
 
 l''i\e Fathom F)ank 2 
 
 Sandy Hook 1 
 
 Fi\e Falliom liank '_'! Heard assoon as listened. 
 
 I'^ire Islaial li 
 
 Foil. i;ip Shoals 1 
 
 o l-'alliom liank U Heard as soon as listem-d. 
 
 A'iiieyard S(.und L'J- Fsed hell to locate li^ld- 
 
 ISostini li Uaiiiy, roiigli. [ship 
 
 IT T f 
 
 [1(1] 
 
p 
 
 fe 
 
 
 
 :r5^s* :■ 
 
 /-,/,-,„7 „„./ (7, ,■,/„„,/ s/,,,,//w ' 
 /„/-, ^. I,,,,. in. I I., n 
 
 • I ',1,1 <,/ I I,,;!,,,,,!.-- „..„■ i,„',i.r,. 
 
 ■,;,; S„h„,,,,;„, >-,,i„,,ls 
 
 Submarine Siunals on the Great Lak 
 
 A 
 
 ces 
 
 I' till' ri'i|Ui'st i'\ till- I.iikr ( ariiers Assi iciat ioii siiliiiia- 
 II' ^i^lials wciT I'Stalil islicd iin tlie (il'rat Lalves. iliirili^' 
 llic spi-iiiL;- "I IM07. ami an- ]\ii\\ in 1 i[ii-i-alii iii. I In- ,\s-.(iria- 
 liiiii iv|.icsi-iiti'(l ti. till' lliitril Slates Li-lilliiiiisc Iliianl lliat 
 a ri iiiiiiiil tct' wt Lal;i- captain^, srnt liv tin' I 'it t si mrg Stcaiii- 
 slii|i ( 'mnpaiiw liail iii\ rsti'_;ati'il tlir wnildlr_;' m| siil iiiia n lie 
 signals as iiistallnl n\\ lln' Atlantic ('uast. ami liad i-i-cnm- 
 mi'mli'il 111 till' annual n iiivt'iil ii m nf raptains tin' ailii[itiiin nf 
 siii-li signals I 111 rill' ( ■ ivat i-akr^. Tin' 1 n lafil ilnini-iHati'] \" ti h ik 
 la\iiralili' ai'tnni mi llir ri'i|iii'st nf llm As^i n-iat ii ai. willi tlm 
 n-siill that at tin' 1 1| ii-niii^' nl mix i"_;at ii m tin' I'iclit 1 i^litslii | is 
 nil till' Lakes were si'inliiiL;' sill iiiia riiii' signals. 
 
 'I'lii'iv am 1111 w ati'i's i if tin' I niti-il States w here tin.' s\-steiii 
 is ijinre useful. Nearh" nlle-lialf nl' the stealn^llips nf thi^ 
 eiiiiiitr\ are mi the Nnrtlierii hakes, ami enii^nleral il \ iimre 
 than niie-half nf the eiirnlleil Inimaee na\i;_;ates tlmse waters. 
 Miirenxer. the tralhe is iiiereasine sn hist that i'\a'i\ aiil In 
 iia\ i'_;at imi that iiien-ases ilis^iateh ami salelv i^ smiehi |ni' 
 
 eaeerlv. 
 
 [ 11 ] 
 
.5,^ 
 - $, 
 
 ,5 C 
 
 [ -1-' ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 The line problem to be solved was a methcxl of equijjment 
 Ijy which vessels wheji going up light would be able to receive 
 the signals with the same regularity that they do when com- 
 ing down loaded, the build <>f the steamships on the Lakes 
 being radically different from that of sea-going vessels. The 
 solution of this problem has been worked out with marked 
 success ; and the results are most gratifying to the navigators. 
 
 The electric submarine bell, operated from the nearest shore 
 fog-sigual, or from a lighthouse, makes it possible to equip 
 every " turning-point " and danger-spot on the Lakes with a 
 means by which the navigator can surely obtain location and 
 direction in fog. The necessity for such safeguards is proved 
 by the fact that during June, 1906, fog was reported on Lake 
 Superior every day, and July was not much better. And yet, 
 during the season of navigation, there were over 18,000 steam- 
 ship voyages to and from Lake Superior ports ; and nearly 
 52,000,000 tons of freight, and more than 02,000 passengers 
 were carried on that one lake. 
 
 The first reports made by vessels equipped to receive sub- 
 marine signals show distances equal to the best reported on 
 the Atlantic. Most of the results were obtained from the 
 Pointe au Pelee lightship, stationed at South-east Shoal, Lake 
 Erie, and maintained by the Lake Carriers' Association, under 
 an appropriation by Congress. The bell on this ship has been 
 ringing continuously night and day in order to allow vessels 
 to test their apparatus ; and the Lighthouse Board has in- 
 structed tlie vessels at Eleven-foot Shoal and A\'hite Shoal, 
 Lake .Michigan, t(_> ring continuously for thirty days beginning 
 June l!^, I'.'OT, for like purposes. 
 
 
 REPORTS FROM LAKE 
 
 VESSELS 
 
 
 
 Il:ile 
 
 steamship Station 
 
 Distance 
 
 D 
 
 ireotion 
 
 ay l:! 
 
 SS. Saml F. D. Mors,- Pointe au 
 
 Pelee 
 
 10. miles 
 
 
 south 
 
 1:5 
 
 u 
 
 
 3.5 .' 
 
 
 north 
 
 V, 
 
 " RenssiJuer '■ 
 
 
 r» .0 ■ ' 
 
 
 south 
 
 17 
 
 U .( u 
 
 
 1.5 •• 
 
 
 north 
 
 19 
 
 U .( u 
 
 
 .1..) 
 
 
 south 
 
 [4:; 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Date 
 May 22 
 
 SS. 
 
 steamship 
 Sam' I F. B. Mvr.v' 
 
 Station 
 Pointe au Pelee 
 
 Distance 
 12 miles 
 
 Direction 
 south 
 
 June 3 
 
 " 
 
 J. 11. Sheadle 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 U 
 
 south 
 
 3 
 
 " 
 
 Sdin'l F. B. Morse 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 south 
 
 5 
 
 .' 
 
 W}n. G. Mather 
 
 
 
 9.21 
 
 (( 
 
 noi'th 
 
 10 
 
 U 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 u 
 
 south 
 
 15 
 
 (( 
 
 TAos. F. Cole 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 il 
 
 novth 
 
 16 
 
 " 
 
 Sir IVin. Fiiirhairrt 
 
 
 
 7.5 
 
 " 
 
 north 
 
 16 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 B; 
 
 ar Point 
 
 5 
 
 
 north 
 
 How a Ship Gets the Bell 
 
 Messrs. F. H. Powell & Company's steamer Masterful, 1794 tons, 
 trades between Liverpool and London. The receivers of the submarine 
 signal apparatus are placed in the captain's cabin on the promenade 
 deck. To a representative of the London Shipping Gazette, Captain Rat- 
 cliffe, on Saturday, Jlay 11, said ; " I gave the bell a good testing by 
 having my chief officer on the bridge while I used the receivers down 
 in my cabin. On that occasion it was a clear night and my officer could 
 see the Northwest Lightship (near Liverpool) quite plainly. We were 
 then about 6 miles from it. I took the two receivers and simply by the 
 sound fixed the position of the lightship and compared the position 1 
 got with the exact position taken by sight by my officer. When it was 
 either to port or starboard I could fix it quite plainly, and my position, 
 judged entirely by the sound, tallied exactly with the position obtained 
 by the mate, who had the lightship in sight all the time. Then I swung 
 the ship right around and compared other positions with those taken 
 from the bridge, with the same good results. Finally — we were then 
 about 5 miles from the lightship — I took the two receivers and when 
 I got the same intensity of sound both from port and starboard, I judged 
 we were heading end on for the lightship. I compared this course with 
 my mate's observations and found it perfectly correct. The Masterful 
 was steaming straight for the lightship." The Shipping Gazette con- 
 tinues : "If these remarks by a shipmaster who has had practical ex- 
 perience with the bell prove anything, they prove the absolute reliabil- 
 ity of the submarine signaling system." 
 
 [44 J 
 
ITT 
 
 
 .y^'' 
 
 'M . ri 
 
 ^1 ^'T*^H 
 
 
 
 t' ,. * 
 
 
 ' T ^:v| 
 
 
 1 i > 
 
 ,^ '", .i> 
 
 
 
 ( I 
 
 ''' *f.;^^': & i H 
 
 ", I 'i ' , ' 
 
 ,' 'I 'I 
 
 >'''1 
 
 I!, 'V.^» ., I 
 
 [ I- 
 
'ijii < •rriiKi// i'. in pi' for' s Yarfif '^ JI'>Iii'iizi>l/i'ni," n/iflj>pFiJ /<> rrrrlrr ."^iil'iiKiriiii'- Stijinil.'.- 
 
 Submarine Signals for Yachts 
 
 TIk' follow iiii;- \"achts are e(iuiii|)e(l to rut'oivc suhniariiR' sit;'iials: 
 
 ^'arlit 
 
 
 Ah./u, 
 
 
 Alrli,,, 
 
 
 
 If 
 
 1 'nll.<h II. 
 
 1 
 il, 
 
 IhJphIn 
 
 
 l-J,rlr., 
 
 
 Il.l,,nh. 
 
 
 Il,,l,eir., 
 
 ,11, 
 
 Is,s 
 
 
 .l..s,,,hu. 
 
 •■ 
 
 ( )\vner 
 A. Curtis James 
 A. S. Cocliran 
 Capt. Olivpi' II. I'ayii'' 
 Leonard Kielianls 
 A. J. M..xliaiii 
 Fran (.'is SI; inner 
 J. riei'piiiit iMergan 
 V . S. Xavy 
 
 Conini . l-illiiiilL^i- 'I". ( ii-i'rv 
 Frank J. linuia 
 (-iennan Xa\"V 
 William S. Spaulding 
 F. A. 11. Wi.lcner 
 
 )nnan-e 
 30(j 
 
 1,1 17 
 
 1 .-.o 
 
 F". 
 
 i:.7 
 i.i:;n 
 
 3 (IF 
 
 a. lull 
 377 
 fi7F 
 
 [ J'i ] 
 
SuhiiiariiK' Signal Company 
 
 Yarhl 
 
 
 < lUlMT 
 
 K.hi.^h 
 
 
 1;oswp11 KMi'i.l-e 
 
 /.,,l,rh.nn, 
 
 
 C'\iiis II. I\. (iirti 
 
 Ma:/ 
 
 
 A. \"aii llt'ii.s.selaei 
 
 _\/,ni//n,r, r 
 
 
 r. S. Xav.v 
 
 /;;,-,, ni 
 
 
 Fl •■ilcrirk 1 ialhitiii 
 
 1 ',ni(l'/'S 
 
 
 K. 11. I laiiiiiian 
 ('. K. (;. liilliiigs 
 
 I'iflnrifl fill'/ . 
 
 1 //„ fl 
 
 llriti.^h Xa\v 
 
 WiU-niiililh 
 WillllfilS 
 
 
 Cliarirs Ilay.leii 
 Kaii'lall ,M(.ii;aii 
 
 111' 
 
 (l.'i: 
 l.ln! 
 
 m: 
 .'1111 
 
 l,Lai< 
 1,117 
 
 1 1: 
 :i.'a 
 
 iiluii.ii-ni. Sn/„,ils 
 
I'-'&t- J 
 
 I .i>. JjHihfh .i< I Tniili I Siniitii , L<iiiii pi <^ It luiin Suliinunn SkihuL 
 
 Etiuiinnent of Lighthouse Tenders 
 
 ''"1^1 II'". United Stati'.s I.iglitlioiise Huard Ims equipped the 
 
 A following tenders with the suljinarine signal reeeiving 
 
 apparatns : 
 
 !.i!nr 
 
 A-.n'l,., 
 
 Miirtir 
 h,r/.s/.„r 
 Iris 
 S„„//n,r,r 
 
 Wish!,-;,, 
 
 SniiHir 
 
 First District 
 Second 
 
 'niir.l 
 
 Ficii-tli 
 
 Fifth 
 
 Sixth 
 
 Xinth 
 
 'IViith 
 
 FIhv.-m 
 
 Murnj,,!,! 
 
 The Mersey Docks and iiarhor Hoard lia\e f(|uippcil their 
 tendei-s CnJidm ami ]'niil(iiil. Also the pilotdioats at New 
 ^ ork, Boston. I'hiladelphia and idvci'pool receive snliinarinc 
 signals. 
 
 [ 1'^ ] 
 
•• IrTlu-y ()iil\ IIm,1 ;i Dory Bell" 
 Pirliirr prf.^i iil, ./ hij Masl.r an, I Dill,; rs ■,/ Lnjlihliip .\n. ;. 
 
 Submarine Signals for Fishing-Boats 
 
 Tl I !•> special siiliiiiariiir sio-nal a[i[iaratus |ii(i\i(leil fni- the 
 use ol' lislitM-iufU lias l>ei'ii successl'iill v It'Stnl li\- the 
 (ih)lleester licet. The fishiii"' si.'Ikkuici' ise(|uiii]ic(l with the usual 
 a[i]iaratus lor recci\"iiie- sulmiariiu' si^'Uals. W'licu the hshe nneu 
 set out froiu the schdouer iu their diu'ies to attend Id the nets 
 on the ( i ranil lianks, thc\' take with them, in each dnrw a small 
 liell wdiicdi is pnividcd with ;i mechaiucal striker, so ari'auged 
 that l>v merel\- sus|>endiiie' it from the Ijow of the (hu'v thestdi- 
 nuu'u'ed hell \\dll lie ruiiy automatiealh" h\ the rise and fall of 
 the Itoat on the surface of the se;i. Shctuld a fo^' come up sud- 
 ilenU', so that the dorvmen are iinal)le to find their \\"a\' hack 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 to the schooner, the bell is dropped over the side of the dory 
 and rung by hand. The sound is heard immediately and locat- 
 ed by the captain of the schooner, who has then no difficulty 
 in coming to the rescue. The loss of dorymen in a fog has here- 
 tofore been a common occurrence and is perhaps the chief 
 peril which the fishermen have had to face. This apparatus 
 insures their safetj^ and will prove a great life-saver. 
 
 Lieut. W. G. Richardson, U. S. N., under date of ]May 10, 
 1907, writes to the editor of the Boston Herald as follows : 
 
 The account in this morning's Herald of the almost miraonlous pick- 
 ing up of the last of the eight men lost in fog by the Mi/si(nj has 
 aroused my indignation. I am not indignant that the men -were res- 
 cued, but that they should have ever been put in such peril. 
 
 It seems as though each fishing schooner should be equipped with the 
 submarine signal apparatus, by means of which each can locate the 
 other without regard to conditions of fog, wind or sea. I have no finan- 
 cial interest in this splendid invention, but I have seen it in practical 
 working and have had conversation with many masters of vessels who 
 have used it, and there can be but one opinion in regard to it, and that 
 is that it is one of the greatest aids to tlie sailor since the invention of 
 the compass. The question of expense is so small as to be ridiculous 
 when the advantages to be gained are considered. 
 
 The occupation of a fisherman is filled with hazard, danger and hard 
 work, and is one that does not bring in large monetary reward, so it 
 would seem that they should themselves demand, or the law require, 
 that ordinary and simple provisions for their protection be made. 
 
 [ 50 ] 
 
Silhllliirilir l;,,at •• Orlulnls.'' I'llilt lilj '111, I'Jirlr'ir V,:„,t Cn,,i l„i ii n fnr III, l'i,',l,,l 
 Sfd/vx ^',tl■|/. i:,/iiii,j„>,l iri/l, Siihii„ir'i,ie Si,jiiid Seii,li,i,j ,111,1 i:,',;ii-ui,j Jjjj„ira/iis 
 
 Submarine Signals tor Submarine Boats 
 
 FOi; siil)niai'iiie siq'iials im siilnnariiie lioats lioth tlie st.'inl- 
 iiii;- and the rectjiviii!^' aiijiaratus is us(_'(l. 'I'lie seiidiii^- 
 a])[>aratus on tlie CA/o^iz/.s- consists of astaiidai'd |ineinuatic litdl 
 installi'<l in a (■nn\-«'nicid. position aft, 1h'1\v<.;l'1i tiir inner and 
 outer sladls, and is operated li\- compressed air supplied from 
 tlie ree-idar tallies mi tlie lioat. The liell sti'ikes up to '■',■'> Mows 
 a minute. 'Idie < 'iifthjisli has a lianddiell installeil in a I'oiii- 
 partnient forward. I'xitli of these Ixxits were liuilt foi' ilu- 
 I'liiteil Statt.'s Navy. The Hritish Xavy made its trials with 
 hells installed inside the lioats. 
 
 The recei\'ing a[)paratus is the same as that on other vessels. 
 
 Besides the submarine lioat, its tender is also e([uip[]eil with 
 hotli the seiidiiie' and the reeei\ iiie' ap[iaratiis. so that the two 
 vessels I'an communicate with eacli other either 1)\" signals <">r 
 li\' the Morse code. 
 
 [ •■! ] 
 
,'^ ^ Ik. h '"^ 
 
 Snhi,i,,rh,, /In,,/ ••Clin,/,.-:!,." I, I, ill hij I'll, i:i,-,'li-'„' l!,,„l (;„„/„u,l//,,i- III,' I'lillid 
 Slill,,-! S\',iri/, ,',/iiiji/i,il ii-illi Siiliiiiiiriiii- Siijiiiil S, 11,11,11/ 11)1,1 lii,-i-il'iliij J iq/ill-illils 
 
 The trials made liy the ISritish Adniii'alty uiiiler the super- 
 vision of ( 'i>iiiiiiirii(ler S. 8. I fall, 11. N., inspecting ( "oiuniaiidi'r 
 of Snhinariiie lloats, dfiiKiiistratt.Ml the extreme usefulness of 
 the system foi' sulimarim.' Ijoats. The Admiralty has permitted 
 the pulilieatii)n of all })Oi-tions of their report except that re- 
 lating' to sidimarines. 
 
 Th(^ (itiicial trials (if tlie (h-l,>^)iiH pi'o\'ed tlie usefulness of 
 sulmiarine si^'iials. < ))i this suhject tlie Xiu' Yorl: Hcruhl (jf 
 .Alay lii, f '.HIT, says: 
 
 I'wl wet'ii tlic siiliiuai-iiie iiii,,j,us :iiiil licr temli-i-, tlie ym-lit Slurlituj, riu- 
 otliiT ili'iiioiistnit inn of tlif- iisHf iiliH-MS nf the si 1 1 mi a line signal as applied 
 to siiliinariiie 1m, at work was maile. At ti\e minutes lu-t'ore every hour 
 Captain Calile from williiii the (U'lnpuA euiiini ii nicateil with the Sliiri,i,,i. 
 'I'he etfe.-t of the viliration tliat jiassed tliiont;h the water to the receiv- 
 iir^ a p], a rat lis on the ,S/, /,/;«,/ was e|ear anil satisfactoiv. With the use of 
 the rode that had been arraiiL;i'd I his message was sent to Captain 
 Calile : ■■ How are yon?" The answei- oaiiie prunqillw ■' Everything 
 O. K. Hating." 
 
 [ •'-' ] 
 
Sul)mariiie Siyiial Coiii])any 
 
 The J:,islua Tn<f,hr. May 11. s;iys : 
 
 ' Tlif rt'iiiai-kalile record iiiinle l-x" the ".■;../. i(,~- ii] the C'iiiiiiaiati\-e 
 tfstrt nf \\\c Mihiiiai'iiie bciat> tlii> week lia-~ eiilisteil ailmiriii^" erUNiiieiit 
 frf)iii iIm' iia\:il ulticei',^ ln-i'^'. i iic| iiflin-" iiiaiiv fMi'i-igiii-r> wlm caine tn 
 see tlie tests. A feature nf tin- ti-st was tla- tisi; iiunle nf tlin siilniia I'i lie 
 liell. Ali'ssanes were ilis]iatele-(l to aiel ffom tlie ('.7.y,„- ami >t,iriin,i ami 
 j-eail ilistiiirtly. It is rlaiiueil tliat this ile\"ii-e i-eim.M..s the last I'eiiiiiaiit 
 nf .lander to siiliiiiai-iiies, aiel f iii't lieriiinfe. tliat it will I.e ii)\a]iialile in 
 liiaiin-ina-viiiL;' wlieii tlie Imat is aetuall y eiigayeil i n warfare . ^i^uaN were 
 excliaiine.l fi-(,iii the .s7,;,///,./ tn tlie iirlnpfis. telliiie when tlie latter IkmI 
 crnsseil the liiiisli Hue, ami when tn eniiie to the siirfaee, ami eacli time 
 siieh iiiessaees Were recei\-e.l nil ill.' "e/.y./fx, tlie ,s'/.///(;, r/ wn 1 1 hi ree.-i\-e 
 the iiiessaee, ■■ I'mlerstaial signal." 'i'he (>ri,,p,is was wanieil in tliis 
 manner whenever a hnat was ul.servei.l liy tlmse nn Imanl the >'/,/,-/;„,/ 
 coming towaiil the n, ■lupus. 
 
 
 I 
 
 r.iill.sliii, S. M. S. ••];,„,/,." ,,/>n'j,j„,n<, r,r,,r, .<iil,m,,ru,. >;,,„„/, 
 
 [ ■'•> ] 
 
I S / (/// 1,1 III/ 
 
 III I II] I 
 
 t I It III I ^ if III It nil 'signals 
 
 Submarine Sig-nals for Naval Vessels 
 
 '^I'^IIE most exhaustive tests nf sulmiariiie signaling j-et 
 X made were those conducted \>y tlie Britisli Admiralty at 
 the Navigation School, I'ortsnioutli, in November, I'JOd, and 
 snbsequentlv. These trials were so conclusive tliat cf>pies of 
 tlie rejiorts ^\'ere sent otliciallv to the Board of Trade, Lloyds, 
 and Trinity House (the IJritisli lighthouse establisljment), 
 witli the significant remark that "these departments will no 
 doubt l)ring the material advantages of the invention to tlie 
 notice of the mercantile marine." 
 
 These trials wei'e conducted by Commander S. S. Hall, 
 U. N., inspecting commander of submarine boats ; Capt. Allan 
 I^M'rett, U. N, superintendent of signal scliools : and Capt. 
 H. V. ()li\(/i-, li. N., ca])tain of the Navigation School. The 
 oljject was to discover tlie utility of the ap])aratus (1) as an 
 aid to navigation; (i') foi- signaling puiposes ; (o) for signal- 
 ing to submarine boats. The I'esult of these tests as rejiorted 
 to Admiral Sir Archibald I>. Douglas, Commander-in-chief, 
 are summarized in these paragraphs taken from the report 
 itself: 
 
 I. 
 
 Tlie fog sigiiiils at ja-fst'iit in iisi- in liglit-sliips in (ii-cnt l>ritaiii can- 
 
 iiiit lie de)"-nile.l on to lie lieaid in all ,• litions, t-v,-], at one or two 
 
 miles' ilistanc : and a vessel, failin;^ fu make the fng sio'nal out 
 
 [.54] 
 
 ay 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 be on a safp course and in her Hstimated position, yet s}ie must stop or 
 anchor or alter course out. I'ecause slie is uncertain. Thi' .-nhmnrhn; 
 hell iiii-re<ise.< the runi/e at irhirk tin- fnij .^ir/mil ran tie henrit hi; a ressel until 
 it ojijiroj'iiiintn to the ranr/e nf n lii-/ht-ri'.-.^et's Hijht in clear trenth'-r. unil innre- 
 firer its liparnnj can l>e tleternnneil irith quite .oiffiei' nt 'irrnrnri/ for ^ofe tia<'i- 
 giition ill fill/ from rli^toncx fiir lief/oiul tin- ranr/e of a ' rial fmj sii/nal.-. if the 
 res.iel (V ef/ni/i/nil tcith r<'reirer.<. 
 
 Even slioulil a vessel not be so equipped, the sidjmai'ine bell can be 
 heard from below the viaterline for distance^ whieh are well outside 
 the range of aerial fog signals, although its direction cannot then be 
 so well deterDiined, 
 
 To double or treble the distance at which fog signaN can be heard is 
 a great advantage to shipping, and the facility of determining the di- 
 rection of a hfiuud signal is in itself a very valuable di.-covery. The 
 iiistatlotioii of suhmariiu' hills in lii/ht-ressils must nime sooner or later, as is 
 proreil to " (jreol extent hy it^ ailo/ilion hi/ other notions: llmse irlio irait Imn/- 
 est irill incur the i/reotest loss in the menulime. both in shij/s ami lires. ami 
 tliroiji/h ihlai/s to shiji/iioi/ which n-onhl otlienrisp he aniiileil. 
 
 II. 
 
 The result of the foregoing experiments has shown, Ijy the success 
 of a test that was severe, that it was quite possible to signal to any 
 deep-draught ship from a subniei-gt-d bell. . . What tliese submarine 
 bell signals appear, at first sight, jieculiarly adapted for is lai .-ignals 
 between ships when a fog prevails and ilirection of the ship signaling is 
 a matter of great importance, and 
 
 III. 
 
 (ti) As the range of signaling between submarine vessels and their 
 parent ships is limited to visual ramje. which by day is only a mile or 
 two in tlie finest weather, and at night may be desci'ibed as almost nil. 
 because of the unavailable skill reipiired to read flashing, then some 
 sound which, being the musical chime of a bell, is unmistakable for 
 any other, and which is receptive liy any individual who has no signal 
 sk\\\, most he III i/reat imjiorlonri- to a si-rrice — jieniliar to suhmarnn 1i(iot< 
 — irlirre an allernatice harilli/ exists. 
 
 The Briti.sh Admiralty lias equipped the royal yacht Vic- 
 toria mill Alheii, the cruiser Atitrim, the gtuilicwt Spaiilcr 
 and several other vessels of the royal navy. 
 
 The United States navy in 1905 made experiments with 
 submarine signal receiving apparatus on the battleships Mame. 
 Capt. X. E. Xiles, commanding, and the JlalmnKi. ('apt. W. 
 H. Reeder, commanding. These experiments, conducted 
 under the direct supervision of Rear Admiral Robley D. 
 Evans, resulted in strong and favorable recommendations to 
 the Xavy Department. Capt. Adolph ]Marix. in charge of the 
 
 [ 
 
Sul)ni:irine Siu'iial Company 
 
 navv ciilliei's. iiiiidi^ iiKlcjx'iulciit iiivestigatinns. As a result 
 the lliireau nf Ivjuipnieiit has ordered instalhitioiis f(ir the 
 fftlhiwiiiL;- vessels : 
 
 t'oiivcit.Ml yacht Maiijlnn-tr Despatoli Ixiat Thilphin 
 
 Battleship (_',tinii-rhriit (Ihigship I'f Ili'ai' Ailiiiiial l-jVaiis, (.'oiiiiiiaiider- 
 in-rliii'f ) 
 1 injinia (tiagslii|i (if IJeai' Ailiiiii'al 'rhmiias) 
 Ahiliiiiiiii (Han'shiji nf Hear Adiiiiial Davis) 
 iihi" (thiLjship (if Ii't-ar Admiral EiiKiry) 
 Main, (('a].t. (iiles 1'.. Ilai-liei') 
 Desti-cyer l/'i/i/.iiis "| 
 Slt'iraii 
 
 W,ir:h-H iSenuid 'ri.|-p(Ml(] fjotiiha. IJeut. C'diiidi'. Ivlwiu 
 
 //"// [ A. Aiidersdii. Flotilla ('(.miiiaiidcr. 
 
 /,,//(■/■,„(•, I 
 Whii.i.l. \ 
 Collier Ah,,i-i)ula (.'oilier I'.nilus Collier Mnrc,llus 
 
 .l/(/j- •• Cd.siir '• y,rii 
 
 Alixaiiilir ■" LeUiiniui " Saljirn 
 
 '■ /,,,./,/,/(,,-.■ 
 
 I)f tliese vessels the M,i,jjU,ii-n\ Tlnlpliiii. funinrt ictif, J/,i- 
 hiiiiiii and Ahiiiii- are already e(|uip|ied : and work on the 
 others is ill pr(iL;'i-ess. 
 
 The (ierinaii navy has eqni|>[)ed tlic royal va(dit //njieirjil- 
 h rn tiiid the crinsers Miinrhru and llmni : ajid negotiations 
 for other e(jui]>ments are in ])roL;'ress. 
 
Submarine Signal Apparatus 
 
 Receiving Apparatus for Vessels 
 
 Sending Apparatus for Lightships, Tenders, 
 
 Shore- Stations, and Buoys 
 

 XSl 
 
 o 
 
 [ 5-^] 
 
Hireirliii/ Sigioi/.i in the I'UnI J/,, 
 
 The ,/;,>•,■;;„„-/„</;.<./<.;■ f,,,//,/,.,' //,.- ,;ipl,iin h,„ 
 .lirr.injN J,<UH ,r/,,rl, llif sigimh r,ni,r. 
 
 Submarine Siu'nal Receiving' Apparatus 
 for \^essels 
 
 Tl 1 1-^ Siil)iiiarine Signal ( 'iinipaiiy is ]in'[iai't.Ml. at sliort uo- 
 tici', to equip vesst'ls with apparatus tn receive the sub- 
 luariue signals sent ironi stations nuuntained liythe lightlmuse 
 authorities of "\-arious nations. Since the apj)ai'atus is ajiplied 
 to the inner skin of the Ncssel. the eipiipnieiit may he nnule at 
 an\" time when the space is availahle. in [lort or on the \ij^age. 
 The time it'(|uireil for a man ami liis lielpcr is from one to 
 four da\"S, (lei>en(ling on the size of the Aessel, etc. 
 
Submarine Sioiial C\)inpany 
 
 A cliarge is niade for tin"' <-(:ist of installation and wiring, 
 tlie apparatus I't-inains the iirojicrty of the ( 'oinpany, and is 
 leased on an annual rental \\liieli varies with the tonnage of 
 tlie vessel. 
 
 I'niii.^mitUr Cax, in ILohl of Sli'ii, 
 
 ,/,<! ,/<../,■„ „ll,/ u,ll, ,,.,,h,„,J l,l,j>h„N,. n, ,,lh,l-hn,i-., 
 
 The i;ci't'i\-ing Ajiparatus is installed oi] a vessel without 
 interfering in any \\"ay \\\\\\ any of tin' ships arrangements. 
 It eonsists of two Ikh}:^ ])laccd in the loi-e-prak- of tho vessel 
 and as far hclow the waterdine as possiMc: one against the 
 ]iort side and one against the stai'hijard side, l-'rom tljese tanks 
 
 [ on J 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 wires ai-<; nui in coiiduit t(;) tlu- hniienj-l,,,.,', whi.-L supplies the 
 power, ami I'miu thcuee tn tlir ///.//.•,(/,,,■-/„. , . 1,^- lucau^ uf wliicli 
 tlie ilireetioii (jf tlie S(.inree nl' tlir xminl is nlitaiiHMl. 
 
 Tlie tiiiiLx used are of xarimis sizrs ami st\"lHs. (Irpriidin^ on 
 the eoirstruetiiili of thi- \'essi-h Tin' hil;u'i'st iia-asii I'e 10, ■ 82 
 inelies /' '^ inches (h-cp. 
 
 Ill ea(;li taiilc t\\ n ;// /' /v//;//f//if s are phii-fd. iiiiiiicr^i'il in li.pud. 
 These mierophdnes rerfi\e tlie S'liiiids eumin,;- tlirniiL;]i the 
 
 l>i,;r/;,,,!-[)i<!ir,lt,,,- ,ni:J I .', re I ri ,i ij T.hplt'.ne 
 
 water ami stril^inn' against tlie sides nf tin- vi-ssel. Fmni the 
 inierophoiies in the tanks the liell-snuiids are transmitteil to 
 the [lilot-lionse, eliart-i'doin or liridge, where tlie lunagatnr is 
 statiiiiied. 
 
 The hiiUi-i'ii-h(ij' is of wood or irmi. almiit 1 font S(|iiar(.-. and 
 is yenerall\' placed wlici'c it \\'ill he easily aia'essihlc. and nut 
 f;ir from the [lilot-holisc. 
 
 The i nil ir(((iir-li'.' is a round metallic case, ahout '.• indies 
 in diameter, shaped like a ship's (doek. and is fastened to the 
 wall of the pilot-house or the ehart-room. (Jn its face is a 
 
 [''1 ] 
 
SubiiiariiK- Siu'iial C'oin])aiiy 
 
 Saitoh, by means ui wliicli either tlie imrt oi' slai'lidard iiiicni- 
 jilioiie can lie (■(Hiiiecleil \\)t]i tlie recei viiig-telepliones. It lias 
 also a dial, showing to wliich side the telephones are eonneeted. 
 The rcrririiiii-lcli'iihinics are similar to the common telephone 
 ear-pieec, and are hung on hooks, one on either side of the di- 
 rection indicatoi'. They are always <'onni'eted togi/ther, either 
 to the port or the starboard transmitter, aeeoi'<ling to the po- 
 sition of the switch. Either of the telephones may be used sep- 
 arately to listen to the snbmarine bell, or, Avlien the sonnd is 
 faint, and it is desired to shut out other noises, botfi may he 
 used, one l)eing lield to each ear. 
 
 I'riccx mill full jiarhriilarx ^fiiniisliril on n/>/)liratii>ii. 
 
 SiihiiKiriiii' Siijiiiil I'niii/Hiiii/ ijiirlil " S,il,riiiii," ri/iii/i/,,'il iri/h 
 SiiliiiniriiN' SiijiKil x, iidhiij mill ri iiiri iiij iijijKirn/iis 
 
 [ rrj ] 
 
Lightship hell attached to rase {open and dosed) roitfitining 
 striking mechanism, and operated by compressed air 
 
 Submarine Signals for Lightships 
 and Tenders 
 
 THE Submarine Signal Company is prepared to furnish 
 to Governments, Harbor Boards, or Steamship Compa- 
 nies, and to install on lightships or tenders complete apparatus 
 for sending submarine signals. The outfit is as follows : 
 
 A Bell mounted on a case containing striking mechanism, 
 operated by compressed air. 
 
 A rathbcr Ticiii Hvxi of suitable length to connect the pneu- 
 matic striking apparatus with the piping which supplies the 
 compressed air. The bell, with hose attached, is lowered over 
 the side of the lightship. 
 
 A l>ai:it with f_'Jii'i/i and Windlast; for raising and lowering 
 the bell over the side of the lightship. 
 
 [ 63 ] 
 
Air Compressor manufactured by the Suhmarine Siyyial Company to supply 
 
 compressed air for operating hells on lightshipis. This Compressor is 
 
 sold separately, for other uses 
 
 [6iJ 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 ^V Cni]r 111 iKji r by means of which the strokes upon the bell 
 are automatically controlled so as to deliver the code number 
 of the lightship. 
 
 Three ('(nii^'irrsst,/ Air Tonics: one containing a steam coil 
 for heating the air in cold weather, one for condensing the 
 moisture in the air before it is used, and one for taking care 
 of the exhaust. 
 
 A suppl}' of Pijiinij. iJnarji's and Vulvcs for connecting the 
 several parts of the system with each other and controlling 
 them. 
 
 In case the liglitship is supplied with compjressed air for pur- 
 poses other than submarine signaling the above clescribed sys- 
 tem ma\' be connected up with the main tank containing the 
 compressed air. 
 
 In case the lightshi]3 is not supplied with compressed air, 
 but can supply steam power at I'.j lbs. pressure, the Subma- 
 rine Signal Company will furnish a combination compressor 
 and engine, specially designed and built by them, which can 
 be connected to steam supply-pipe direct from the ship's boil- 
 er, and used to furnish the compressed air needed to operate 
 the bell. 
 
 In case the lightship has neither comj^ressed air nor steam 
 power, the Submarine Signal Company will furnish a kerosene 
 engine coupled to their specially designed compressor, which 
 will supply the necessary comjjressed air. 
 
 The pneumatic pressure required to operate the system is 
 2.') lbs. The combination steam-engine and compressor weighs, 
 complete, I'.'o lbs. and has a capacity of o culuc feet per min- 
 ute, at ISO revolutions per minute. Its steam-cylinder lias a 
 diameter of 44- inches and a stroke of 4 inches. The diameter 
 of its air-cylinder is o^- inches. It is designed so that it may 
 be either fastened to the wall with bolts or to a separate floor 
 base casting, if preferred. 
 
 The high efficiencv of these outfits is shown by the fact that 
 during June and July, l'.iO(3, by order of the United States 
 
 [ '- ] 
 
Subinariue Siiinal C'oin})aiiy 
 
 Lioiit-H<mse Hoard, tlic hells (ui t\\o liylitslii[)s were rung con- 
 tinuously (lay ami night, a, tdtal nf (il days. 
 
 The a\'craye time tn e(|uip a lightsjiip or tender is six dixyn, 
 twn men heing employed. 
 
 I'ricis ir'ijl In f li I' ilishi J ml II lijil Icil I ion. 
 
 J'lr Ci»ii/,ri'.i.sr>r iiiiil Cml,. Uiiiijir l,ixf,ill,-il in enrji,,,. ruoiii 
 t„ upi-nit,' ill,' siiliiiienji'i} l„-ll snsp, inleil fruin ihieit iif Liyhtship 
 
 [ 'iO ] 
 

 ' ,-f*tk^*9'- ' ' ' - ' .'■'-' 
 
 7!^ 
 
 j:i,.f,-:r sir,,; sinih,,, „i ri,,h„,i,, ii,„,i. y. >.. ,■,,„/,,;„;„„ ,/„„,,,„,,/•„ 
 
 s„j,j,liln,,J j„,,r,-,- l],,;,„,ll, .s ///„„./,•;//, rnl.U In s„l,iiu ,;i, ,1 ,1,, ■!,■',.■ I., II 
 ..,;,■ I,,:, „;,7,x „/,./„„•, 
 
 Tlie Electric Sul)marine Bell and Its Uses 
 
 t; 
 
 ^Hl'^ iii\"eiition of tlic ^iilmiariiie eli-otric liell eualiles li^■llt- 
 liiiuse amlirii'itit's t(i send siiliuiariiie signals froin the ven" 
 piiiiit reijuiiinL;' [iii itt'i'timi. Sn tliat iiaN'iuaturs ran get tlif exact 
 ilii'eetiiiu .if tiiniing-[ii lints nr ilangrr-spots. 
 
 Also tlie sulmiarine elei'tric bell is aila[iteil to pii.-r-heails : 
 and where thesi_- pier-lirails are liglited li\" e]i-etiai:'it\' the cost 
 of ei|ui[inifnt is ciiri'cspiindingh' reduced. 
 
 Again, tlie ludl. whi-n installed in the fure-peah' nf a ve^std, 
 uiulrr \\ater. is ust-d tn prevent enllisirins hetwei-n ^'es.-■^ds. 
 
 The eleetrie liell ei|ni[inient c insists of: 
 
 A /'I // nidunted ini a ease cuntaining strilxing nieelianisra 
 operated li\" eleetrie power, 'j'his meclianisni ei insists uf six 
 magnets which, when energized \)\ an eleetrie current, attrai/t 
 an armature attached tci the jiull-rnd that swings the clapper 
 against the liell. 
 
 A triiinil, standing iqifm tlie liottorn nf the watel'. at aiu' re- 
 iptired distance from the shore. Ipon this tri[MMl is nmunted 
 
 [HT] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 the electric bell above mentioned. The tripods are heavily 
 built of iron I beams. They weigh about 4 tons. When it 
 is necessary to get at the bell the tripod may be easily lifted 
 bodily from the sea and placed on the deck of a lighter. 
 
 A sulmiui-inc elerfric cahle protected by the usual armor, one 
 end of the cable being connected with the electric bell, and 
 the other end with a land line either in a trench or on poles, 
 leading from the shore to a pdwer-house at nearest convenient 
 point. 
 
 For the poircr house a space 10 by 4 feet in the fog-signal 
 station ma}- be used. The cut shows the power-house now in 
 commission at Chebucto Head, near Halifax, Nova Scotia, 
 built Ijy the Canadian (iovernment ; but in most cases suffi- 
 cient space maj' be found in tlie nearest lighthouse or fog-signal 
 station, or on the pier. 
 
 The apparatus within the power-house is as follows : 
 
 A combination oil-engine irith eleefrie generator for supplying 
 current to the circuit that operates the bell via the cable. 
 These generators have a capacity of li horse-power or 7 
 kilowatts. 
 
 A sa-itchhoeird for controlling the circuits. Upon this switch- 
 board are mounted a voltmeter and ammeter ; also a telephone 
 receiver, which is in circuit with a telephone transmitter in the 
 bell, in order that the engineer may at any time hear the ring- 
 ing of the 'Submerged bell. 
 
 ()\\ rocky slioi'es where there is a heavv surf, the shore end 
 of the electric cable should be protected. The cut shows how 
 this has been done at the Chebucto Head station, by running 
 the cable between two parallel " T " rails securely bolted to 
 the rocky ledge. 
 
 A description of the electric submarine bell is taken from 
 the Boston Trunscriiit of ^fay 21, 1901 
 
 N : 
 
 In a little cottage at Point Allerton is an electric generatoi- operated 
 by a ■2\ horse-power oil engine. From the cottage a submarine cable 
 has been laid to the shore, thence two miles out into the harbor. At 
 
 [ '!'^ ] 
 
I \ 
 
 Lir 
 
 i: 
 
 VAnlrir Bell, 
 irith' rirhle fonnerfi'i 
 
 C 
 
 CollisinH EU'rlrlr fli'll, bixfiiUed in fnff- 
 jimk of a rexsfl, tu signal Id other ships. 
 The eiit shows the mechanism and flie ease 
 that rorers it. The hell itself is iinintrseil 
 in irater 
 
 [ '''■' ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 the eiiil of tlie cable is an iron tripod, standing on tlie bottom of the 
 ocean 70 feet beh>-\v the surface of the water : and on tlie trijxid is a bell 
 weigliiny L'lMI jnainds. the clajijier of which is actuated by powerful 
 nuii^'iiets. On March 30 last the current was turned on and the hell be- 
 gan to strike at the rate of aliout twenty-two ))lows a minute. .Since 
 that date the bell has been in o]ieration almost continnnusly. On j\Iav 
 K), when the total numlier of strokes I'eached 1 ,03'_',(KjO. the endni'ance 
 test was c<inipleted. The actual number of lifiurs consumed was 7'^!ll. 
 ]>ui-ing that pieriod neithei- the cable nor the bell reijuii'ed oveihauliug 
 or any attention whatever. The Canadian (Tovernment has put in one 
 station at Halifax and is e'luijipiug others at St. John. Lonisburg and 
 Yarmouth. The distance from the shore vai-ies from two to ten miles. 
 r>y arrangement with the Lighthouse ISoaid. the first electric station in 
 the I'nited Stales will be located at Detour, at the mouth of St. ;\I.-iry'.s 
 liiver. through which stream vessels enter J^ake Superior, l^ater six 
 other '■ tiu'iiing points " on Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan will 
 be ecpiipi'ed. 
 
 *-ftv. 
 
 Ciilile Ldiiiluiij at Chehiirto /lead 
 
 [ '" ] 
 
Submarine Signal Buoy Apparatus to be attached to Bdl-buoys 
 
 [71 J 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Submarine Signal Buoys 
 
 '"'T^HE Submarine Signal Comjiany is prepared to furnish to 
 J- Government lighthouse authorities submarine signal 
 buoys. 
 
 The mechanism provided for buoys may be suspended from 
 anj' type of can-biioy at present in use, or may be sujiplied with 
 the buoy itself, as required. This mechanism, which is very 
 simple in its operation, coiisists of a combination of ratchets 
 and pawls whereby the motion of the waves, acting upon the 
 buoy, compresses a spring to a desired point, when it is auto- 
 matically released, causing the clapper to strike the bell. The 
 force of the blow is not dependent on the wave motion, but on 
 the strength of the spring. Therefore the volume of sound pro- 
 duced is uniform, thus enabling the navigator to determine 
 distance and direction. The frequency of the bell-strokes va- 
 ries with the height and frequency of the waves. Eight waves 
 per minute, six inches high, will give about six strokes per 
 minute, so that the buoy will speak, except in a dead calm. 
 In a heavy sea the bell will ring as often as once every five 
 seconds. The apparatus is strong and durable and needs no 
 special care or attention. 
 
 By a special arrangement with the manufacturers of the 
 Willson Combination Gas and Whistling Buoy, provision is 
 made for the reception of the apparatus furnished by the Sub- 
 marine Signal Company for ringing a submerged bell. This 
 Ijuoy is charged with calcium carbide placed on a grating in a 
 central compartment, one charge supplying acetylene gas at low 
 pressure in sufficient quantity to maintain a brilliant occulting 
 light for six months. The light stands some thirtj' feet above 
 the level of the sea. 
 
 This combination buoy and submarine signal is the most com- 
 plete and efficient wholly automatic marine signaling appa- 
 ratus in existence. 
 
 I'lii-i's will he furnished on apiiliration. 
 
Location of Submarine Signals 
 
 operated by Governments 
 
 and Steamship Lines 
 
 The foUowiitg fiiws of Lii/lifre.i.si'J.s are from eopy right photograplis by 
 y. L. Sfehhiiis, Boston, 2fass., unil the Lktroit Publishing Co., Detroit, Mich. 
 
X'o. 7.',. Ciipe liih.dhi'lli Liij/if-i;:ss,'l. I'liiihuiil, Mh 
 
 
 No. 0'/. Ildst'iii Lii^/hl-n-xsi'l, I'litniiire /,, JJos/oii llarl>i 
 
 ["!] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Location of Submarine Signals 
 
 OPERATED BY THE UNITED STATES LIGHTHOUSE BOARD 
 
 FIRST LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 ^lAIXE. — Ciifrii Bay, C<ip€ Elhnhetli Light -n sad , Xo. r^. Submarine 
 bell strikes the number of the vessel. •• 74." thus: 7 .strokes ; silent in- 
 terval, -J seconds; 4 strokes; silent interval, 10 seeunds. 
 
 SECOND LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 M.iSSACnUSKTT.S. — £V-,v/o;, Ba;i, Bosl.m Light -vessel. X„. .-,4. .Subma- 
 rine bell strikes tlie number of light-vessel, •■'A," thus: '< strikes: 
 silent interval, 3 seconds ; 4 strokes ; silent interval. .'1 seconds. 
 
 Eiisterhj Entninrr tn Xniitiirkit Snuml, Pollock Rip Shoals Lif/ht-iessel, 
 No. 7-j. Submarine bell strikes the number of the vessel, •' 7:)." thus : 
 7 strokes; silent interval, 3 .seconds ; :5 strokes ; silent interval, .5 seconds. 
 
 Pollock Rip Lig/it-ressil. Xo. 4" (equipment in progress). 
 
 Great Hound Shoal Light-vessel. Xo. 4~ (equipment in progress). 
 
 Xantucket Shoals Light -vessel . Xn. i;6 . Submarine bell strikes the num- 
 ber of the vessel, ■■ 00," thus : 6 strokes ; silent interval, 'i seconds ; 6 
 strokes; silent interval, '> secmids. 
 
 Xaiituckit Shoals Light-vessel. Xo. S4 (now building). 
 
 Hen anil Chickens Liglit-vessel . Xo. 2 , Buzzards liay (now buildingi. 
 
 Vinei/ard Soiinil (Soir anil I-'igH} Light-ve.s-i< I. Xo. Jfl . Submarine bell, 
 strikes the number " 7 " at regular intervals, thus : 7 strokes ; silent in- 
 terval, 4 seconds ; 7 strokes ; silent interval, 4 seconds. 
 
 THIRD LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 RHODE TSLAXl). — Lrenton Reef Light-wssi I . Xo. .Ifl . Submarine bell 
 strikes the number of the vessel, '■ 30." thus : 3 strokes, silent interval, 
 3 seconds ; 9 strokes : silent interval, '1 seconds. 
 
 COXXECTICUT.— ' 'ornflelil Point Light -ces.^el, Xo. J,.-!. Submarine bell 
 strikesthenumber of the vessel, '■ Is." thus: 4 stiukes : silent interval. 
 3 seconds; y strokes; silent interval, o seconds. 
 
 XEW YORK. — Fire Idaml Light-vessel, Xo. OS. Submarine bell strikes 
 the number of the vessel, ■• OS." thus : 6 strokes ; silent interval. 3 sec- 
 onds; S strokes ; silent interval, 5 seconds. 
 
 [75 ] 
 

 st, rill I iiti-niin In Vilif 
 
 y<,. i:i:. .\.,„l„rkrl SIl.NlIx /.-■;//,/-<■, .«,/. Soillll ,,/W„ ,lh„'k,l . .l/.(. 
 
 [ ''■ ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Xeii: York htirer Bmj, Snndij llnnl Lif/hl-rexsel. Xn. .',1. .'--ubinarine 
 bell strikes, "-'-." thus : 2 strokes : silent interval, -3 seconds ; 'J strokes ; 
 silent interval. 5 seconds. 
 
 AiiihroKi ClKinnel Luilit-resr^el. entrance to Xew York Harbor, to be 
 equipped while building. 
 
 ReVii f Liqlil-i-e.<s(:l. Xo. 7S\ .Submarine liell strikes numl^ei- of light- 
 vessel which it replaces. 
 
 {-;,;/;, f Liqlit-rtssel Xo. IG. Submarine bell strilves the number of the 
 vessel which it replaces. 
 
 FOURTH LIGHTHOUSE DLSTRICT 
 
 NEWMERSEY. Firr-Fofhom UnnJ: Llfjht-re^sel .Xn.rr-i . Submarine bell 
 
 strikes the number " .5 " at regular intervals, thus : 5 strokes ; silent 
 interval, o seconds; o strokes ; silent interval, :) seconds. 
 Xorth-eii^l End Ligltt-resstI , Xo. J,-!,, in process of equipment. 
 
 DELAWARE. — I'h-erfhlls Light -ce.^.^el, Xn. 6U. Submarine bell strikes 
 the number of the vessel. ■• fill." thus : li strokes ; silent interval, 3 
 seconds ; 9 strokes ; silent interval, .j >econds. 
 
 MARYLAXD, Ftn-i-irk Tslroul S!,,,<,I Light-res.^, I. Xn. .5?. Submarine 
 bell strikes the number ■■ 3," thus : 3 strokes, with a silent interval of 
 3 seconds between strokes. 
 
 YIRCIXIA, Wnih:r-Huarter Shoal TArjld-re^.^el . Xn. Jf.j . Submarine bell 
 strikes the number of the vessel, "45," thus ; 4 strokes ; silent interval, 
 3 seconds ; 5 strokes ; silent interval, -j seconds. 
 
 FIFTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 Cii/ie Clnirlfs Lii/Iil-rfyael. Xo. .}-9. Submarine bell strikes the num- 
 ber of the vessel, " 40," thus: 4 strokes ; silent interval, 3 seconds; 9 
 strokes ; silent interval, '> seconds. 
 
 Tiiil of tin: lJnrfi:fhne Liijld -cusxrl , Xo . 40. Submarine bell strikes the 
 number, " 6 " at regular intervals, thus ; 6 strokes ; silent interval, 3 
 seconds; <J strokes; silent interval, 3 seconds. 
 
 Cojie Henry Light- ri_'.-i.-.-i;l. to be equipped while building. 
 
 XORTIl CAROLIXA. — Zv/o/HO),,/ Shmd Lighl-ressel, Xo. 71. Submarine 
 bell strikes the number, " 5," thus : ■'> strokes ; silent interval, 3 se- 
 conds ; 5 strokes ; silent interval, 3 seconds. 
 
 Diamond Shoal Light-vessel. Xn. 7i. used as a relief vessel for Fifth 
 District. 
 
 Cii/ii Lnnl-oiil Shoids Light-res.^el. Xo. so, in process of equipment. 
 
 [77 ] 
 
•-'-3 
 Xn. .-,!. N„«,/,/ //,„,k Li„h/-n,...;/, ,,llr„,irr I,, Xrir )'.,/■/, l/,ir/jnr 
 
 je-- 
 
 '■i^ 
 
 Xo. 70. Fire Fathom Hunk Lii/lif-r,. •.■.■.■, I, ,,[1 !}„■ ,;„,x/ ,,/ Xni' Jtrxt-i/ 
 
 [7,s ] 
 
Submarine Signal Comiiany 
 
 SIXTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 Frying Pan Slmal.-.- Light -ir:x.-.el Xo. 1. Submarine liell -^vill strike the 
 number "1 " until further notice. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLIXA. — J/.//(;„.~ Industry Liglit-,:e^^el. Xo. 0.3 (now used 
 as relief vessel). 
 
 GEORGIA. — £,•</,(.-"■«■/.■ Bar Ligld-resseL Xo. 8Jf. to be equipped while 
 building. 
 
 EIGHTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 LOUISIAXA. — Entrance to the Mi.<fi:<sipj,l Hirer, South Pass l.irjh-rts^el , 
 
 Xo. Jf.3. On July 1 this lightship wa-< in prficpss of equipment ■nith 
 
 submarine bells. 
 
 TEXAS. — Entrance to Galreston Harhor, Ilifild Bank Light -rfssd, Xo.Sl 
 
 On July 1 this lightship was in process of equipment with submarine 
 
 bells. 
 
 NINTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 LAKE MICHIGAN.— White Shoal Light-ressel. Xo. 56. Submarine bell 
 strikes the number " 22.'' thus : 2 strokes ; silent interval, 4 seconds ; 
 
 2 strokes; silent interval, S seconds. 
 
 Gray's Reef Light-cess:!, Xo. -57. .Submarine bell strikes the number 
 "5" at regular intervals, thus ; 5 .strokes; silent interval, .1 seconds; 
 D strokes ; silent interval, ') seconds. 
 
 Lansing Slmal Light-vessel, Xo. .55. Submarine bell strikes the number 
 " 3 " at regular intervals, thus : o strokes ; silent interval, 11 seconds; 
 
 3 strikes; silent interval. 11 seconds. 
 
 Elecen-Foot Shocd Light -vessel, Xu. 60, Green Bay. .Submarine bell 
 strikes the number " 53," thus : .5 sti-okes ; silent interval, 6 seconds ; 3 
 strokes ; silent interval, 12 seconds. 
 
 Martins Reef Light-ressel Xo. S9, northwestern end <f Lake Michigan 
 (now building). 
 
 TENTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 
 LAKE ERIE. — Southeast Slmal , Point an Pelee Pas.-nige. Submarine bell 
 strikes the number " ■> " at regular intervals, thus : 5 strokes; silent 
 interval, 5 seconds; 5 strokes ; silent interval, o seconds. 
 
 Bar Point Shoal Light -vessel, Xo. 59, mouth of Detroit River. Sub- 
 marine bell strikes the number "3" at regular intervals, thus: 3 
 strokes ; silent interval, 11 seconds ; 3 strokes ; silent interval, 11 
 seconds. 
 
 [ '9] 
 
X,:. i;:, 
 
 IJnrf.ills Li,jhl-r,,s,l. u/r /i,l,nr,,r, /h; nk »;,/,, ■ 
 
 l-\liir'r k l.ylaiiil Shoal Liijlit-nsx, I , ,,jl' //,, r,i,,xl nf M,i rill<ti,il 
 
 [ ■^" ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 ELEVENTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 LAKE HL'ROX. — if(/.v Huron Light -cssel , Xo. 61, head <,f St. Clair 
 River. Submarine bell strikes the number " 5 " at regular intervals, thus : 
 5 strokes ; silent interval, 5 seconds; 5 strokes ; silent interval, 5 seconds. 
 
 Poe Reef Lirjht-ref!(et, No. 0-?, entrance to South Channel, Strait.t of Macki- 
 nair. Sulimarine bell strikes the number " 5 " at regular intervals, thus : 
 .J strokes; silent interval,.') seconds; 5 strokes ; silent interval, 5 seconds. 
 
 Detour, Electric Bell Station. In process of equipment. 
 
 TWELFTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 CALIFORNIA. — Entrance to San Francisco Harbor, San Franci.-ico Light- 
 re.'tsel, No. 70. On July 1 this lightship was in process of equipment 
 with submarine bells. 
 
 Off Cape Mendocino, Blunt.^ Reef Light -ressA. Xo. SS. On July 1 this 
 lightship was in process of eciuipment with submarine bells. 
 
 Relief Light-ressel, to be equipped while building. 
 
 THIRTEENTH LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICT 
 OREGON. — Entrance to Coluuihia River. Columhia Light-vessel, Xo. i>0 . 
 On July 1 this lightsliip was in process of equipment with submarine 
 bells. 
 
 Columhia JUrer TAght-vessel. Xo. SS, to be equipped while building. 
 WASHINGTON. — Entrance toPuget Sound, UmcdillaLight-ve.isel. Xo. 07. 
 On July 1 this lightship was in process of equipment with submarine 
 bells. 
 
 Relief Light -Vessel, Xo. 76. On July 1 this lightship was in process of 
 equipment with submarine bells. 
 
 Sii-iftaure lUink Lighl-nssel, entrance to Juan de Fuca Strait, to be 
 equipped while building. 
 
 OPERATED BY THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT 
 
 BAY OF Fl'SDY.— Yarmouth, X. S., Lurcher Shoal Light-vessel. Sub- 
 marine bell strikes ship's number, li, every 2o seconds, as follows: 1 
 stroke: ."i seconds' interval ; 4 strokes at intervals of 2 seconds ; interval 
 of Id seconds. 
 
 I1E.\.TH POINT. — .In//c'<.s7(, Anticosti Light-vessel Subntarine bell 
 strikes ship's number, 1."). as follows: 1 stroke; 4 seconds' interval; .5 
 stnikes at intervals of 1 second; 10 seconds' interval. 
 RIVEll ST. LAWRENCE. — i?»;f/ Island Light-ve.-isel. Submarine bell 
 strikes the ship's number. '■'>, every 14 seconds as follows : 3 strokes at 
 intervals of "2 seconds : followed by an interval of 10 seconds. 
 
 [SI] 
 
.Mi' 
 
 iVi). 7.1. II iiiln iJiKiitii S)iual LiijJil-i /.-.sid, off tin (oii.sl nj I iii/iiuu 
 
 * 
 
 
 ^w- i^ 
 
 jVo. 4:1. Ciipt' (']i,ir1,-s L!</li/-i;'.u;l. (_'„p,- Clmrhs, Va. 
 
 [ •^-' ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 W/iiti; Isliind Reef Light-resspl. Submarine bell strikes the --liipV nuin- 
 Vjer, 5, every Is secmids, as follows : '> strnke-. at interval-; of 2 secomU . 
 followed b}' an interval of 10 seconds. 
 
 Month of Sagveninj Ither, Priitd Shnal Lif/hl-ref:>i<'l. Submarine bell 
 strikes the ship's number, 7, every l'l' seconds, as follows : 7 -.trokes at 
 intervals of 2 seconds, followed bv an interval of 10 seconds. 
 
 CHEBUCTO UEAB. — Enlranre to Hali/a.,- Harhor. E/r.-iric Bell SI,., re 
 Stfitiiiii. .Siilimarine bell strikes as follows : 4 stroke^ at intervals of 4 J 
 seconds, followed by a silent interval of OJ seconds. 
 
 XEGRO HEM). — Entrance to St. .John, X. B., Eh,:trir Bell S/,,,n Sta- 
 tion. In process of eqnipnient. 
 
 LOUISBURG. C. B., Electric Bell Sl„„; Stntiu,,. In proces- of equip- 
 ment. 
 
 YARMOUTH, X. S. — EIrrtric Bell Shi, re Statinn. In process of equip- 
 ment. 
 
 OPERATED BY MERSEY DOCKS AND HARBOUR BOARD 
 
 NorlJnce.it Lirjht^liip, entrance to Lirerj,iiiil . Submarine bell strikes the 
 number .3, in the following manner : 3 strokes with intervals of "_'J sec- 
 onds between each stroke, followed by an interval of about ■") seconds be- 
 tween each groupi of 3 strokes. 
 
 Bar LigJitshiji, entrance to Liverpool. Submarine bell strikes the num- 
 ber 6, in the following manner: 6 strokes with intervals of 2i seconds 
 between each stroke, followed by an interval of 15 secomls between 
 each group of li strokes. 
 
 OPERATED BY THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT 
 
 NORTH SEA. — Wilhelrnxliiicen, A ns.fenjiiile Liiiht-res.iel. Submarine 
 bell sounds 3 groups of 2 ^tl■okes every 3(1 seconils, thus : stroke ; silent 
 interval, ■-' seconds ; stroke; silent interval, 4 seconds ; stroke; silent in- 
 terval, 2 seconds; stroke; silent interval, 4 seconds; stroke; silent 
 interval. 16 seconds. 
 
 Bremerharen, IJiiter Wesir l/ifilit-ressi'l . Submarine ht-W sounds the 
 number .5, thus : stroke; silent interval, 1 J seconds ; stroke; silent in- 
 terval, IJ seconds; stroke; silent interval, IJ seconds; stroke; silent 
 interval, IJ seconds : stroke ; silent interval. 3 seconds. 
 
 Hiiiiihurg, Elhi I. Lir/ht-vssel. Submarine bell soumls the number 4, 
 thus; stroke; silent interval, I'l seconds; stroke; silent interval, '-'J 
 seconds ; stroke ; silent interval, I'J seconds ; stroke ; silent interval, 
 4i seconds. 
 
 [83 ] 
 
Nij. 40. 7(1(7 of fJie Horseshoe Lirjlil-ressfl, inilninre to Ihiiiiplon liniuls, V(i. 
 
 4\ 
 
 Ai 
 
 R T H W f S T 
 
 
 Northii^esl Li(jhfsh'q>, etitmnre tn Llrerpoul, /Jiiijloiiil 
 
 [.^i] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Borhjm Flat Light-vensel. Submarine bell signal cousists of n'roujis of 
 9 strokes occupj'iiig an interval of "20 seconds, sejiaiated by silent in- 
 tervals of 25 seconds. 
 
 OPERATED BY THE KAISERLICHE WERFT, KIEL 
 
 Enlniiire to Kiel Hnrlmr, (inhi hflm-h I.ii/hj-re.^spl. Submarine liell 
 sounds tbe numlier 54, thus : 5 strokes ; interval of 4 seconds ; i 
 strokes ; interval of six seconds. 
 
 OPERATED BY THE NETHERLANDS GOVERNMENT 
 
 XORTH SE.\. — Hants Lighl-rexsel. The Netherlands Government Ikis 
 given notice that on April 15, 19(i7, the submarine fog-signal bell was 
 put in operation on the Haaks Li^ht-^"l■ssel. 
 
 Xiinril Hindi r Liglil-ri ssel . The Xctherlands Government has given 
 notice that in April a submarine fog-signal bell was establisheil on this 
 light-vessel. The bell sounds groups of 2 strokes every li seconds, 
 thus: stroke, silent interval, 2 seconds: stroke; silent interval, 4 
 seconds. 
 
 7'' rschillinri lUiuk Lir/ht-vessi:l. Thp Xetherlands Government has given 
 notice that a sulmiarine fog-bell will be establi.shed on this light-vessel. 
 The bell will sound groups of :> strokes every 10 seconds, thus : stroke ; 
 silent interval, 2 seconds; stroke; silent interval, 2 seconds; stroke; 
 silent interval, 6 seconds. 
 
 Mans Lighl-ri'xsel . The Netherlands Government has given notice that 
 a sid^marine fog-bell will lie established on this light-vessel. The bell 
 will sound groupis of 4 strokes evei y 12 seconds, thus : stroke ; silent in- 
 terval, 2 si-conds ; stroke : silent interval, 2 seconds ; stroke ; silent in- 
 terval, (J seconds. 
 
 Si-lnniin-n Bank Lif/hl-res.<rd . The Netherlands Guvernnient has given 
 niitire that a submarine fog-signal bell will be established on this 
 light-vessel. The bell will snund groups of -1 stiukes every 10 sec- 
 onds, thus: stroke; silent interval. 2 seconds; stroke; silent inter- 
 val, 2 seconds : stroke ; silent interval, 6 seconds. 
 
 OPERATED BY THE DANISH STATE RAILWAYS 
 
 I!,\LTrC SK.\. — 0/:,I.<Pr Lirjht-nssel. The Danish .^tate Railways 
 operate a submarine fog-signal bell on this liL;ht-vessel for their ferries 
 which run from Gj'.-ilser to Warnenitlnile. Germany. 
 
 OPERATED BY THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT 
 
 DUXlvERQUE. — Sandttlie LigJd-cess,:! . 
 
 [ '^5 ] 
 
Suhiiiariiir Signal (.'()ini)any 
 
 OPERATED BY STEAMSHIP COMPANIES IN FRANCE 
 
 llprial,,! I. , I III,' \,,rlh (,,,-ln<lli J.h>f/,l Si, ,1 ilis/i i/, I ■,.,„ /H, li ff . 'I'didcr lit, 
 illr ru\rAUr,- I,. C lie ll i( .1 irn' . 
 
 0/„r,,l,',/ I,, I Ih, ll,.ll,,n,l-Ai!„ri,;i Si, ,ni,.^l,i/, i ',,,„/„in,/ . 'I'.Midcr at llie 
 entrance ti' I'lcmloLinc. 
 
 
 7'. S. A rill II 7'i;nis/,,ni l\'il/i,ilri,-k, ,-,/iiiii/ii',l In ni;in' Siihiiinriiii' Siiji.itls 
 
 [ ^'i ] 
 

 ^*°°""*^^S»"'"-' 
 
 I',, in II Shniiishiii I'.iiiiiniin/ s Shnjinr ■' Max/, r/ii I." , ,/ii i/ij,, ,1 hi 
 
 s„li,„ii,-:,i, s,„,i,ils. Si, /,. ;; 
 
 List of W'sscls E(.|iiii)|)e(l or Ordered to 
 
 he E(iuipi)ed to Re('ei\'e Sul)niarine 
 
 Signals 
 
 Niunl,,.]' ,,r \", ...,.] 
 
 \ lllf'l ir;i 11 i.ilic .... 
 
 \tl:ilitir ■|'l;ilis]ii.lt l,ilH' . 
 
 'ii.slciii \ l'liihiili-l|iliia Me:niislii|i ('oi)i|ki 
 
 '> -11 .'^ti-..! liai-j^-r CniiiiijiiN- . 
 
 >;illiiiinre \ I'Mistmi lliir^c ( niti [ .;i n \ 
 'liliNli Na\\ . 
 
 'lO.slc.ll I'il.n I'h.iiIs .... 
 ii'dwii Sli-;nii^lii|i ('iiMi]i;i ii\ . ( 'lc'\ el;i nd 
 
 'iiii;iiil SU-;iiii>lii|i ( ■niM| \ 
 
 '.■|li:iili;i II I'licitir Sti'iiliislii|i ( '(iiii|i;(ii V 
 'uiiiiiiniri:il ( 'alili- ( 'iiiii|iaii\ 
 'niiiiiit'rrial 'I'dW r.nat ( 'i.iii|iaii\' 
 'iia,-l w is>' 'I'la ii^i'iiil al imi ( '■ iiii|'aii\ 
 'a iia'li.aii • im t-iii iin-iit .... 
 ■|.'\.'l,aii.l Clitf.s Iron Cniiiiiaii\ 
 . I.. Iliitrliiii.oii. (■|r\,.lalal '. 
 Inii.aM .S|,.aliislii|i ( ' ].:ili\ . 
 
 •( I Ml MIIMII I,j IH- 
 
 ''iliii iiidii ( \i,al ('ciiii|iaii \ . . . 
 
 • flawar.'. Ijar|;,a w a ii na \ W.-slrin K.ailn.ail 
 
 •lllillll .^li-:ili| I'arkrl Cnlllli.lliV 
 
 l.aiiiMli .Mall' K,aihva\ s . . 
 
 '•■ti.iii \ ('li'\rlaiHl Xa\ii;alioii ('(iii|-]iany 
 
 ■laHlt^ni Sit'a inslii]i ( 'iiiM|iaii\ 
 
 ■;. (i. I'nlt..|- ,1 III . . ' . 
 
 aip l!;iiliiiail ...... 
 
 '"iflirli Liiii' ...... 
 
 [ ^" ] 
 
Submarine Signal Company 
 
 Number of \'( 
 
 French Gnvernineiit . 1 
 
 F. B. Clieeseboroiiuli 1 
 
 Fishing Schooners •! 
 
 Frank Seitlier, (Ueveland . '2 
 
 (iei'Hian Navy . ■! 
 
 Hamburg-. \nierican Line 14 
 
 IIolland-Anierica l.ini' •") 
 
 Ilolliday Urol herw . "J 
 
 .T. S. Fuiery . . 1 
 
 King Transportation Company . 1 
 
 Liickenliacli Transportation & ^^'recking■ Company -1 
 
 Livei-pool Pilot Boats ... 4 
 
 Mitcliell & Cnnijiany. Cleveland . 2 
 
 JNlaine Steamship C'ompany . 1 
 
 IMerchants & i\Iiners Transportation Couipany (i 
 
 ]\[etro]iolitan Steamsliip Company 4 
 
 Xew York Pilot Boats . 5 
 
 North German Lloyd Steamship Company . 13 
 
 Nova Scotia Steel Sj Coal Company . li 
 
 New England Coal & Coke Company :! 
 
 New York & Baltimore Transportation Company 1 
 
 Old Dominion Steamsliip Company ."i 
 
 Plant Line . . . . . 1 
 
 Povifell Steamship) Company 1 
 
 Pittsburg Steamship Company 1:) 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railroad . 4 
 
 Percy & SmaU, Bath . . 2 
 
 Philadelphia Pilot Boats . 1 
 
 lied Star Line . . . 4 
 
 Red Cross Steamship Company 2 
 
 Spanish Royal Mail Line . . 5 
 
 Susquehanna Coal Company . 2 
 
 Southern Pacific Steamsliip Company 1 
 
 Staples Coal Compiany . 5 
 
 Seaboard Transportation Company 'j 
 
 Submarine Boats ... 5 
 
 Steam Yachts . . 21 
 
 Thomson Line . . 1 
 
 4'. J. Scully Towing (Jonipany . 4 
 
 United States Navy . . 21 
 
 United States Army . . . 4 
 
 United States ].,ight-IIouse Board . . 11 
 
 United States Revenue Service 1 
 
 United States Coast & (ieodetic Sui'vev 1 
 
 White Star Line . 1;J, 
 
 William Murdock 1 
 
 Woermann Line . o 
 
 W. H. Becker, Cleveland . . .1 
 
 W. A. Hawgood & Company, Cleveland 1 
 
 [8s ] 
 
Printed by The Heintsemann Press, Boston