Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924052629338 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARV 3 1924 052 629 338 M W Wf mM K^ rt^jP w W m. ^ S S & m m ^^^ All books are subject to recall after two weeks '^*^'" Olin/Kroch Library DATE DUE Intfirlihrtry |n^tf lntcr li bf ?fy Loaz) PRINTED IN U S A ,'^('> Ci7 N^ F^.V'-' PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY, ILLINOIS BY CAPT. M. D. MASSIE, TOGETHER WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MANY OF ITS PROMINENT AND LEADING CITIZENS AND ILLUSTRIOUS DEAD ILLUSTRATED CHICAGO : THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING CO. 1906 DEDICATION To the good people of Pike county, old and young, who are proud of your homes and citizenship, and those of you, who knew some of the pioneers and the notable citizens of the past, many of you who are their suc- cessors and representatives, who lovingl)' appreciate the labors of the early pioneers and progressive citizens of the old county, for their life services in your and the county's interests, this work is respectfully dedicated, BY THE AUTHOR. PRBFACE. THE publishers take pride in presenting this volume to the public. The historical part is the work of Capt. M. D. Massie, of New Canton, and the citizens of the county are to be congratulated on his services being secured by the publishers, as no man in the county is better qualified for the task. A perusal of the volume will show that his work is well done. The biographical part of the work is the compilation of well qualified men, those long experienced in the business. They have gone to the people, the men and women who have, by their enterprise and industry, brought the county to a rank second to none among those comprising this great and noble State, and from their lips have the story of their life struggles. No more interesting or instructive matter could be presented to an intelligent public. In this volume will be found a record of many whose lives are worthy the imitation of coming generations. It tells how some, commencing life in poverty, by industry and economy have accumulated wealth. It tells how others, with limited advantages for securing an education, have become learned men and women, with an influence extending throughout the length and breadth of the land. It tells of men who have risen from the lower walks of life to eminence as statesmen, and whose names have become famous. It tells of those in every walk in life who have striven to succeed, and records how success has usually crowned their eiiforts. It tells also of many, very many, who, not seeking the applause of the world, have pursued the "even tenor of their way," content to have it said of them, as Christ said of the woman performing a deed of mercy — "They have done what they could." It tells how many in the pride and strength of young manhood, left the plow and the anvil, the lawyer's office and the counting-room, left every trade and profession, and at their country's call went forth valiantly "to do or die," and how through their efforts the Union was restored and peace once more reigned in the land. In the life of every man and of every woman is a lesson that should not be lost upon those who follow after. Coming generations will appreciate this volume and preserve it as a sacred treasure, from the fact that it contains so much that would never find its way into public records, and which would otherwise be inaccessible. Great care has been taken in the ' compilation of the work and every opportunity possible given to those represented to insure correctness in what has been written; and the publishers flatter themselves that they give to their readers a work with few errors of consequence. In addition to biographical sketches, portraits of a number of representative citizens are given. The faces of some, and biographical sketches of many, will be missed in thic volumt. For this the publishers are not to blame. Not having a proper conception of the work, some refused to give the information necessary to compile a sketch, while others were indifferent. Occasionally some member of the family would oppose the enterprise, and on account of such opposition the support of the interested one would be withheld. In a few instances men never could be found, though repeated calls were made at their residence or place of business. March, 1906. The S. J. Clarke Publishing Co. PRESENT COURTHOUSE Historical. INTRODUCTION. When the Divine Master dispersed the waters and said, ''Let there be Hght," the western hem- isphere appeared and later was known as America. Then as the centuries rolled by and civilization began its march Illinois was defined and in that great state Pike county was given a boundary and a name, and now with the aid of the printer's art, old Pike will be given its proper place in a home history, and its progress and development will be carefully chronicled for this and the generations that are to come. The work will be as follows : First, Illinois ; second, Pike county ; third, town- ships ; fourth, river history ; fifth, war history ; sixth, railroad history ; seventh, county officials ; eighth, old settlers' society; ninth, California argo- nauts ; tenth, banks and bankers ; eleventh, bei^ch and bar ; twelfth, illustrious dead ; thirteenth, churches and schools ; fourteenth, sny levee history ; fifteenth, miscellaneous. ILLINOIS. For one hundred and two years, from 1673 to 1765, the French possessed Illinois. From 1700 to 1719 Illinois was a dependency of Canada and part of Louisiana with the government a theoc- racy ; from 1763 to 1765 under French control, and from 1765 to 1778 under British dominion. In 1778 it was known as Illinois county in the state of Virginia. The county of Illinois then contained all the territory that is now Ohio, Indi- ana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. In De- cember, 1778, Governor Patrick Henry of Vir- ginia appointed John Todd lieutenant command- ant of Illinois county. On March i, 1784, Vir- ginia ceded all the territory north of the Ohio river to the United States. Then the general government proceeded to establish a form of government for the settlers in the new territory which remained until the famous ordinance of 1787 was passed. The third and sixth sections of the much discussed ordinance in the past im- presses one with the fact that men of divine sen- timent were the authors, who are said to be Na- than Dane, Rufus King and Timothy Pickering. Thomas Jefferson and Rev. Manasseh Cutler, of ]\Iassachusetts, were perhaps two who did most for the passage of the resolution that did so much for the northwestern territory. A portion of sec- tion three reads thus : "Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged." A part of section six reads : "There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory. Otherwise than in the punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted." From 1780 to 1809 Illinois was a part of the Indiana territory. The population of the terri- tory in 1800 was : whites 4,875, negroes 135, In- dians 100,000. The boundaries of the Indiana territory extended to the British possessions and included what is now Illinois, Wisconsin, Michi- gan and Indiana. The capital was at Vincennes 8 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY, and there were three counties, Knox, St. Clair and Randolph. The latter two in Illinois. During this period Governor William ITenry Harrison did great service in the allotments of the public lands that were ver)? beneiicial to the early set- tlers whose means were very limited. Pie also aided in the division of the territory. In 1805 Aaron Burr made a treasonable move to found his southwestern empire but failed. In 1809 Illinois by act of congress was made a sepa- rate territor}', John Boyle was appointed gover- nor but declined, to accept a judgeship in the Kentuck)' court of appeals. Ninian Edwards, upon the recommendation of Henry Clay, was ap- pointed territorial governor by President JNIadi- son. Its population was estimated at 9,000. The census of 1810 made it 12,282; 11,500 whites, 168 negro slaves. It is said that the largest part of the territory was filled by a roving band of Indian savages that outnumbered the whites three to one. At this period territorial revenue was raised by a tax on the land. The land on the river bottoms was taxed one dollar on every one hundred acres, uplands were seven- ty-five cents on the one hundred acres. ITorses were taxed not to exceed fifty cents per head and cattle ten cents. The entire revenue 181 1 to 1814 was four thousand eight hundred seventy-five dol- lars forty-five cents, only two thousand five hun- dred sixteen dollars and eighty-nine cents paid in to the treasury two thousand three hundred seventy-eight dollars forty-seven cents remained in the hands of deliquent sheriffs. This conduct of the sheriffs remained a curse for many years after Illinois was admitted as a state. Illinois had her first constitutional convention at Kaskas- kia in July, 1818, and the fifteen counties, St. Clair, Randolph, Madison, Gallatin, Johnson, Edwards, White, Monroe, Pope, Jackson, Craw- ford, Bond, Union, Washington and Franklin, had thirtv-two men:bers. The convention signed the new constitution August 26th, and without ratification by the people. The new document took effect at once, and in September the new state officers were elected. The first general assembly met October 5, 1818. In 1824 there was an effort to call a new convention with the evident pur- pose of making Illinois a slave state. Pike county had sent Nicholas ITansen to the legislature, whose seat was contested by John Shaw and as the house needed one vote to submit the call for ?. new convention Hansen was unseated and Shaw admitted. The latter voted for the convention and a great uprising then occurred and a howling mob formed and marched the streets of Van- dalia, insulted Governor Coles, burned Hansen in effig)- and did many other things that they after- ward regretted. The matter was submitted to a vote and after bitter canvass of eighteen months, the eft'ort to make llinois a slave state was de- feated l:i}" 1,800 majority. The whole vote of the state was 11,612. Thus we see that the early pioneers were duly imbued with the glorious principles shown in the declaration of independ- ence and the ordinance of 1787. They were earnest, far-seeing men and laid foundations upon which the state structure stands to-day. The people of Illinois sufl'ered great losses from early banking svstem and up to 1821 the state was 'rich in "wild cat shin plaster money." In 1821 the Illinois State Bank was evolved with a capital of a half million dollars, the issues bore two per cent annual interest and were to be redeemed in ten years by the state. An eff'ort was made to keep the bills at par with gold and silver and they were to be made receivable at the land of- fices. A vote was taken in the Illinois Senate when Pierre Menard, the old Frenchman, was presiding officer, and he put the question thus : "Gentle- men of de senate, it is moved and seconded dat de notes of dis bank be made land office monev, all in favor of dat motion say aye, all against it, say no. It is decided in de afifirmative and now gentlemen, I bet 3'ou one hundred dollars he ncA'er be made land office money," There was no takers of the best, but the sturd_\- old Frenchman was correct as they never were and soon A\-cre utterlv worthless. In 1821 the counties of Greene, Fay- ette, IMontgomery, Lawrence, Hamilton, Sanga- mon and Pike were established. Pike's territorv' was then all between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers up to the Wisconsin line. At this time the state's population was nearly 75,000 with perhaps nearly 100,000 Indians and 500 negroes. Illinois has had the following governors: ist, Shadrach Bond, St. Clair county, October 6. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 1818. to December 5, 1822; 2nd, Edward Coles, Madison county, December 5, 1822, to Decem- ber 6, 1826; 3rd, Ninian Edwards, Madison county, December 6, 1826, to December 9, 1830; 4th, John Reynolds, St. Clair county, December 9, 1830, to November 13, 1834; 5th, William Lee D. Ewing, Fayette county, November 17, 1834, to December 3, 1834: 6th, Joseph Duncan, Alor- gan county, December 3, 1834, to December 7, 1838: 7th, Thomas Carlin, ('ireene county, De- cember 7, 1838, to December 8, 1842; 8th, Thomas Ford, Ogle county, December 8, 1842. to December 9, 1846 ; 9th, Augustus C. French, Crawford cnunt}-, December 9, 1846, to Januar\' 10, 1853 : loth, Joel A. Matteson, Will county, January 10, 1853, to Januar\' 12, 1857; nth, \A'illiam FL IJissell, St. Clair count\-. Ianiiar\- 12, 1857, to ;March 15, i860: 12th. John \\'ood, Adams county, March 21, i860, to Januar\- 14. 1861 : 13th. Richard Yates, AFjrgan county, Jan - ary 14, 1861, to January 16, 1865: 14th, Richard J. Oglesby. Macon county, January-, 18(13, to i860, January 13, 1873, to Januar_\- 23, 1873. January 30, 1885, to January 14, 1889; 15th, John M. Palmer, j\Iacoupin county, January 11, 1869, to January 13, 1873; i6th, John L. Beveridge, Cook count}-, January 2t,. 1873, to Januar)- 8, 1877; 17th, Shelbv 'M. Cullom, Sangamon count}-, Jan- uarv 8. 1877. to January 10, 1881, January 10, 1881, to February 6, 1883; i8th, John M. Flamil- ton, ?\lcLean county, Februar}- 6, 1883, to Janu- arv 30, i8'S5 : 19th, Joseph AA'. Fifer, ?iIcLean county, January 14, 1889, to January 10, 1893; 20th, John P. Altgeld, Cook county, January 10, 1893. to January 11, 1897: 21st, John R. Tanner, Clav county, January 11, 18:;-, to January 14. ]()0i : 22nd, Richard Yates, Morgan county, Jan- uarv 14. igoi. to January 14, 1905; 23rd, Charles S. Deneen, Cook county, January 14, i'i05, to the present. In cightv-seven vears the state has had eleven democrats and twelve republicans as g()\-crnors. In the old \vhig party days the}- were onl}- in the running but did not capture the prize. From 1810 to 1813 the territory of Illinois furnished 1,500 men for the Indian wars that the general govern- ment was suppressing, and the state furnished 8,300 men in the Black Hawk war, 1832 to 1833. In the Mexican war Illinois was called upon for thirty companies to rendezvous at Alton and sevent\--five companies responded. Governor Ford selected thirty companies to go. In the Civil war, 1861 to 1865, Illinois furnished 259,- 147 men as follows : One hundred and fifty-five infantry regiments, sixty-seven independent com- panies, fifteen cavalry regiments, eighteen inde- pendent cavalry companies, thirty-eight compa- nies of light artillery. Washington army records show that under the different calls for troops. Illinois furnished 60,171 more men than her cjuota, leading all the other states in a total in excess of 149,393. C)hio came next with 28,429; Indiana, 25,511; Iowa, 13,897; New York, 5,517. A\'e have just cause to be proud of the great state that gave a Lincoln, a Grant, a Logan and so many other illustrious patriots and heroes. Not forgetting the great army of gallant boys that carried the muskets and wore the imperishable title of volunteer soldiers. For eighty-eight years territorial and state history shows that Il- linois has been the big and generous one in the gifts of men for hun-ian rights. Illinois had Kaskaskia as a territoral capital and from 1818 to 1836 the state capital was at A andalia, and since that date Springfield has been the seat of government. The state has a larger number of railroads with a greater ex- tent of track than any other state in the union. The rail\\a\- interests are so vast and complicated that the}- are under the supervision of a state railwa}- commission organized by the last consti- tutional convention. Illinois was the eighth state admitted after the adoption of the federal consti- tution. It is 388 miles long and 212 miles wide and has in its borders 36,256,000 acres, and is the' third state in the rank of population. Its corn crop in 1880 was 325,792,481 bushels, and the nation's crop in 1905 was 2,707,993,400 bush- els. In forty-seven years the Illinois Central Railroad has paid into the state treasury in con- formity with the law enacted at the instance of Senator Stephen A. Douglas $20,581,528.26, in sixt}'-three years there has been paid into the state treasur}' from property tax over two hun- dred millions dollars, and for over twenty-five vears the state has been out of debt. 10 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. The state has had the following United States Senators: Ninian Edwards, Jesse B. Thomas, John McLean, Elias Kent Kane, David J. Baker, John M. Robinson, William L. D. Ewing, Rich- ard ]\I. Young, Samuel McRoberts, Sidney Breese, James Semple, Stephen A. Douglas, James Shields, Lyman Trumbull, Orville H. Browning, William A. Richardson, Richard Yates, John A. Logan, Richard J. Ogiesby, Da- vid Davis, Shelby M, CuUum, Charles B. Far- well, John M. Palmer, William E. Mason and Albert J, Hopkins. Edwards, Thomas, jMcLean, Robinson Kane, each had two terms, Douglas, Trumbull and Logan three terms, Cullora four terms. They were fifteen democrats, nine repuli- licans and one independent. From 1818 to 1832 the state had only one congressional district. Shadrach Bond was the first delegate and served in the twelfth and thirteenth congress. John Mc- Lean was the first state congressman and was in the fifteenth congress. In 1818 the state had one member in congress and 1905 had twenty-five. In the census of 1820 Illinois had nineteen counties with 55,162 population. The smallest county was Jeflierson with 691, and the largest was Mad- ison with 13,550. In the census of 1900 the state had one hundred and two counties and 4,821,500 inhabitants, and in 1905 perhaps 5,250,000. The state's growth has been wonderful. In 1830 a gain of over 100.000; 1840, over 300,000; 1850, a gain of nearly 400,000 ; i860, over 860,000 ; 1870, nearly 828,000; 1880 nearly 540,000; 1890, nearly 750,000; 1900, nearly 1,000,000 gain. The little village of Chicago in 1833, now in 1906 is the second city of the nation with over 2,000,000 population and the greatest interocean city in the world. ILLINOIS CONFEDER.ACY. The Illinois confederacy, the various tribes of which comprised most of the Indians of Illinois at one time, was composed of five tribes : The Tamaroas, Michigans, Kaskaskias, Cahokas, and Peorias. The Illinois, Miamis and Delawares were of the same stock. As earlv as 1670 the priest Father Marquette mentions frequent visits made by individuals of this confederacy to the missionar}- station at St. Esprit, near the western extremity of Lake Superior, At that time they lived west of the Mississippi, in eight villages, whither they had been driven from the shores of Lake Michigan by the Iroquois. Shortly after- ward they began to return to their old hunting ground, and most of them finally settled in Illi- nois. Joliet and Marquette, in 1673, met with a band of them on their famous voyage of discov- ery down the Mississippi. They were treated with the greatest hospitality by the principal chief. C)n their return voyage up the Illinois river the)- stopped at the principal town of the confederacy, situated on the banks of the river seven miles below the present town of Ottawa. It was then called Kaskaskia. Marquette re- turned to the village in 1675 ''"d established the mission of the Immaculate Conception, the oldest in Illinois. When, in 1679, La.Salle visited the t'3wn, it had greatly increased, numbering 460 lodges, and at the annual assembly of the diiler- ent tribes, from 6,000 to 8,000 soiils. In common with other western tribes, they became involved in the conspiracy of Pontiac, although displaying no very great warlike spirit. Pontiac lost his life by the hands of one of the braves of the Illinois tribe, which so enraged the nations that had fol- lo\\'ed him as their leader they they fell upon the Illinois to avenge his death, and almost anni- hilated them. When Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818, James Monroe was president of the Fruited States, also when Pike county was named in 1821. The author of the famous Monroe Doc- trine will always live in the history of the world and especially in the United States. The doc- trine reads thus : "That we should consider any attempt on the part of European powers to ex- tend their system to any portion of this hemi- sphere as dangerous to our peace and safety, and that we could not vie-w an}- interposition for the purpose of oppressing or controlling American governments or provinces in any other light than as a manifestation by European powers as an un- friendly disposition towards United States." This doctrine immediately afl^ected the course of foreign governments, and has become the ap- proved sentiment of the people of the FTnited States. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY, This with many other notable words : Lincohi "No man has a right to rule over another without his consent," and "with malice toward none, with charity for all ;" Grant : "Let us have peace," and his heretofore unknown magnaminitv to Lee's soldiers ; and with Roosevelt's splendid saying, '"Tis not who or how rich, but how good a citizen you are," has aided Illinoisans in being among the best citizens in the universe. Manv of our citizens, past and present, have doubtless had in mind this thought given by Epictetus, the Ro- man stoic and philosopher, who lived and died in the first and second century : "Remember that you are an actor in a drama of such sort as the author choses, if it be his pleasure that you should act a poor man, see that you act it well, or a crip- ple or a ruler or a private citizen, for this is vour business to act well a given part." FIRST THINGS IN ILLINOIS— CHRONO- LOGICAL TABLE. THE FRENCH IN ILLINOIS, 1673-I765. T.6y2, — Illinois river explored and i\It. Joliet named by Joliet and Marquette. 1674-1675 — Marquette revisits Illinois country. 1675 — Mission known as Kaskaskia mission near present site of Utica founded by Mar- quette. 1677 — Claude Allouez takes charge of the Kas- kaskia mission. 1680 — Ft. Creve Coeur, near present site of Pe- oria, erected by LaSalle. Later the same year he finds it destroyed. 1682 — Ft. St. Louis, on Starved Rock, erected bv LaSalle. 1687 — Assassination of LaSalle in Texas. 1699-1700 — Cahokia mission established. 1700 — Kaskaskia mission and the Kaskaskia In- dians removed to the Mississippi. The mission established near the present site of Kaskaskia. 1717 — Illinois annexed to Louisiana. 1718-1720 — Ft. Chartres built near Prairie du Rocher. 1720 — Renault introduces African slaves. 1723 — Renault land grant. 1754 — French and Indian war begins. 1756 — Rebuilding of Ft, Chartres completed. 1758 — Ft. Massac erected by the French. 1763 — Illinois countr}' together with Canada ceded to English by the French. 1 763-1764 — Pontiac's Conspiracy. British fail to reach Illinois country. 17' 15 — Ft. Chartres surrenders 'to the British. TilE BRITISH DOMINIOX IX THE ILLI.NOIS COl'X- TRY, 1 765- 1 778. 1768 — Colonel Wilkins organizes iirst British Court at Ft. Chartres. 1769 — Pontiac assassinated by an Illinois Indian, at Cahokia. 1771 — Mass meeting at Kaskaskia demands rep- resentative privileges. 1772 — Ft. Chartres damaged by overflow of the Mississippi and abandoned. Kaskaskia made capital of Illinois country. ^//.i- -American revolution betrins. 1778 — (ieorge Rogers Clark conquers the Illinois country for Virginia. ILLINOIS .\ COUNTY OF VIRGINI;\, I778-I784. 1778 — October. "Count}' of Illinois'' created by the Virginia legislature. 1779 — February. Clark's expedition against Vin- cennes. ^lay. Col. John Todd, com- mandant of "Illinois Count)'," sets up a temporary government at Kaskaskia. 1783 — Treaty of peace with Great Britain recog- nizes title of the Lfnited States to the Illinois country. 1784 — i\Iarch I. Mrginia cession of the North- west Territory to the United States. ILLINOIS UNDER TERRIT0RI.\L COVER X JIICXT, I784-1818. 1784 — April. First ordinance for the Northwest Territory. 1785 — April. Massachusetts cedes her claim in northern Illinois. May. Congressional ordinance establishes township survey system. 1786 — Connecticut cedes her claim in northern Illinois. 12 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 1787- 1790 1795- 1799- 1800- 1S04- 1805- 1806- 1809- -Tiilv 13. ( h-ilinance for the government of the Northwest Territor}', -Governor St. Clair visits Kaskaskia. The eounty of St. Clair organized. -Jndge Turner holds court for St. Clair county. ReuK^'al of records from Ca- hokia to Kaskaskia. Creation of Ran- dolph count}-. Treat}- of Greenville. Nearly all of Illinois reserved for In- diati occupancy. -General .-Vssemhly organized for North- west Territory. Illinois sends two rep- resentatives. -A lav Formation of Indiana territor\-. iSii- 1812- 1813- 1816- 1817- 1818- which included Illinois. -Land office established at Kaskaskia. The erection of Ft. Dearborn (Chicago) b\- United States troops. -F"irst election of a territoral house of dele- gates for Indiana. -■'I'lurr Conspiracy." -February 3. Illinois territorv organized. April 24, Ninian Edwards appointed first Governor. June. The ( "K-ivernor and judges first met as a law maj>:in;:;- bod}- at Kaskaskia. -Battle of Tippecanoe. -May 21. Illinois raised to the second grade of territorial government. Election of territorial officers and delegate to Con- gress, October. First session of Terri- torial Legislature at Kaskaskia, No- vember 2^. June. A\'ar of 1812 begins. August 15. ;\Iassacre of Ft. Dearliorn. September 14. Creation of Madison, (.lallatin and Johnson counties. Novem- ber. French village near present site of Peoria destro}-ed by Captain Craig. -Pre-eniption act passed b\- CdUgress for niinnis. -Ft. Dearliorn rebuilt. Act establishing l)anks at Shawneetown and Edwards- villc. -First steamboat, "The ("ieneral Pike," as- cends the Alississippi above Cairo. -April 18. — Act of Congress enabling the people of Plinois to form a constitution and fixing the present northern bound- Sept. 1819- 1820- 1821- 1823- 1824- 1825- 1826- 1827- ar}-. -\ugust. Constitutional conven- tion (elected in July) adopted and pro- claimed a constitution. ir.LIXOIS A I-UO.XTIER .ST.\TE, 1818-1848. 17. — First election of State officers. Octo- ber 5. First General Assembly met at Kaskaskia. October 6. Shadrach Bond inaugurated first governor of the State. December 3. Illinois formally admitted as a state. —Legislature proAddes for the selection of a new capital. —Removal of State offices to A'^andalia. —Legislature charters the State Bank of II- Imois. —Legislature passes resolution for constitu- tional convention. Decen-iber 9. State Flouse destroyed bv fire. — .-Vugust 2. Attempt of pro-slavery men to call a cijnvention to amend the consti- tution defeated. NoA-eml^er. Special Session of the Legislature to amend the election law. —First general school la«- enacted. Gen- eral LaFa}-ette visits Illinois. Illinois and Michigan Canal association incor- 1820 1831- 1832- 1833- 183 = porated. -First steamboat Ijegan to plv on the Illi- nois river. -AAdnnebago Indian scare near Galena. The building of penitentiary at Alton. First State institution. Congress makes a grant of land for Illinois-Miehigan canal, in answer to a men-iorial from the State Legislature. -Illinois college at Jacksonville founded. Law providing con-imissi<-iners for the Illinois-AIichigan canal. School laws of 1825 repealed. -Congressional re-apportionment. Illinois gets three Congressmen. -lUack ITawk war. -Chicago incorporated as a village. Its first newspaper, "The Democrat," pub- lished. -Illinois, Shurtlefif and McKendree colleges PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 13 incorporated. December 7. Special ses- sion of tlie Legislature to provide for a canal loan and to re-district the State. 1836 — Old State house torn down and new one erected. September 8. Elijah P. Love- joy issues the first number of "The Ob- server," at Alton. 1837 — Februar)-. liill passed making Spring- field future capital. Internal improve- ment scheme. July 4. Corner stone of State House at Springfield laid. Panic of '37- Special session of the Legis- lature, July 10-22. November 7. Love- jo_\' killed b_\- pro-slavery mob at Alton. December 4. First Democratic conven- tion at \'andalia. 1838 — Nov. 8. First locomotive in Illinois run on the Xorthcrn Cross Railroad. 1839 — Completion of the Nurthern Cross Rail- road by the State. The first line in Il- linois. Act creating As\lum for the Deaf and Dumb at Jacksonville. April 9. First daily paper in the State issued, "The Daily American," of Chicago. Oc- tober 7. First Whig convention in the State. December 9. Special session of the Legislature at Springfield, the capi- tal having been removed there during the year. 1840 — November. Special session of the Legis- lature to provide monc}- for interest or^ State debt. Springfield incorporated as a city. 1841 — $46,289.00 received frum Congress as the share of Illinois from sale ijf public lands. Kn(jx college opens. 1842 — Call f')r constitutional convention is de- feated. _ 1843 — Act of Legislature puts the State Bank and the P.ank of Illinois into liquida- tion. State re-districted. Illinois gets seven congressmen. 1844 — Legislature votes to submit call for con- stitutional convention. June 2-j . Joseph Smith killed by a mob while in jail at Carthage. 1846 — Call for constitutional convention carried. Expulsion of the Mormons. Troops leave Alton for the Mexican war. Lin- coln elected to the Thirtieth Congress. 1847 — Jnne 7. Second ci institutional convention met at Springfield. Founding of the Il- linois State Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville. I'irst Uinversity of Chi- ca,:.;(i chartered. THE ER.\ (IF SECTION-. \E CONFLICT, 1848-187O. 1848 — Xew constitution ratified b\- the people. Wisconsin admitted as a state. In spite of Wisconsin's opposition. Congress confirmed the northern boundar}- of Il- linois as established by the enabling act nf ]8i8. Illinois-Michigan Canal com- pleted. First boat, "(ieneral Thornton," passes the entire length of the canal, April 23. 1841) — Special session of Ix-gislature charters In- stitution for the Blind at Jacksonville ; passes resolutions in favor of the "Wil- mot l'r(>\'iso;" enacts township organi- zatiiin law. 1850 — Congressional land grant for the Illinois Central Railroad. 1S51 — Comjjletion of the I !lood\' .Island dike, op- posite St. Louis. The Illinois Central Railroad Com]3any incorporated. First geological surve}- provided for. 1852 — June. Special session of Legislature en- acted laws relating to swamp, seminary and canal lands. Congressional re-ap- ])ointment. Illinois i^ets nine congress^ men. 1853 — January- i. State debt reaches highest point, $16,724,177. State .Agricultural Society incorporated. First state fair held at Springfield. .Vet providing for the erection of an executive mansion. Sale of remaining lands of the State 1854 — Special session of the Legislature re-ap- pointed the State for the General As- sembly and established the office of State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion. Ninian W. Edwards appointed first superintendent. 1855 — General education act; basis of the pres- ent school system. 14 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 185(3 — ^Ia\' 2(). State convention at Ijlooming- ton organizes the republican party in Il- linois. September. Completion of the Illinois Central Railroad from Cairo to East Dubuque. 1857 — Ijuilding- of State Penitentiary at Joliet. State Hoard of Education created. State Normal University at Normal estab- lished. 1858 — Republican State convention nominated Lincoln for United States Senator. Lincohi-Douglas debate. 1859 — Bill ])assed in relation to the "Canal Fraud.'' i860 — j\Iav 19. Lincoln nominated for presi- dent at the republican national conven- tion at Chicago. Elected No^■ember 6. 1861 — General re-apportionment act. Illinois gets thirteen congressmen. April 15. Presi- dent Lincoln calls for volunteers. April 16. First call for \'olunteers by Gover- nor Yates. April 19. ( lovernor Yates takes militarv charge of Cairo. April 23. Special session of Legislature for war emergencies. April 26. Arms at St. Louis seized and transferred to Springfield, June 3. Death of Stephen A. Douglas. August. Logan resigns his seat in Congress and accepts com- mission as colonel. September 4. U. S. Grant takes command at Cairo. No- vember. Election of delegates to the constitutional convention. 1862 — January 7. Third constitutional conven- tion met at Springfield. The constitu- tion it drafted was rejected by the peo- ple. Fall elections in Illinois go against the State and national administrations on the war issues. 1863 — General Assembly adopts a hostile atti- tude toward the State and national ad- ministrations. February. Llouse passes the "Armistice Resolutions." June 10. Governor Yates ])rorogues the Legisla- ture. June 17. Mass c invention of democrats opposed to the war meets at Springfield. September 3. Union mass meeting at Springfield. 1864— March. Clash at Charleston between soldiers and citizens opposed to the war. August. Democratic national conven- tion at Chicago nominated George B. McClellan. November. Discovery of plot to liberate Confederate prisoners at Camp Douglas. Lincoln re-elected. 1865 — Asylum for Feeble Minded Children at lacksonville and the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Normal established. Feb- ruary I. Illinois the first State to rati- fy the Thirteenth .Amendment. April 14. Lincoln assassinated. May 5. Burial of Lincoln at Springfield. 1867 — Legislative acts : Illinois ratifies the Four- teenth Amendment ; State Reformatory at Pontiac established ; Erection of present State ]-Iouse provided for ; Es- tablishment of Illinois Industrial Uni- versit\-, now LTniversity of Illinois, at Urbana ; State Board of Equalization created ; Office of State Entomologist established. June. Special sessions provided for taxing banks and bankir.g corporations and for the management of the State Penitentiary at Joliet. 1868 — ?\Iay. Republican National Convention at Chicago nominated U. S. Grant. No- vember. Call for constitutional con- vention carried by the people. 1869 — Legislative acts: Fifteenth Amendment: ratified : Lincoln and West Park boards created ; Establishment of State Board of Charities ; Northern Hospital for the Insane at Elgin and of the Southern Hospital for the Insane at Anna. De- cember 13. Fourth constitutional con- vention met at Springfield. THE ER.V OF ECONOMIC DEX'ELOPMENT, 187J-T9OI. 1870. — Present constitution adopted in conven- tion May 13. ratified by the people July 2, in force August 8. 1871 — Legislative acts: Railroad and Ware- house Commission created. October 9-10. Great Chicago fire. October 13. Special session of the Legislature to relieve the city of Chicago. October 20. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 15 1885- 1886- Governor Palmer protests against the use of United States troops in Chicago. 1872 — Congressional and legislative reappor- 1884- tionment. Illinois gets nineteen con- gressmen. 1873 — Legislative acts: Women allowed to hold office under the school law ; Gov- ernor Oglesby elected Senator ; bill to prevent discrimination in railroad rates ; hill to establish three cent railroad fares. 1874 — State P)oard of Canal Commissioners created. July 14. Second great fire in Chicago. 1875 — January i. New State house occupied; asylum for Feeble-Minded Children re- moved to Lincoln. 1876 — Illinois railroad sustained by the United States Supreme Court. 1877 — Legislative acts: Palmer-Logan contest; election of David Davis United States Senator; State Board of Health creat- ed ; the State Commission of Claims es- tablished ; appellate courts created ; ap- propriation for the completion of the State House. July 25, Beginning of the great railroad strike at Chicago. 1878 — Amendment to the Constitution, giving the Legislature power to create drain- age districts. 1879 — Creation of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Board of Fish Commissioners ; tax- ing power of cities and villages limited. 1889- 1880 — June. Republican national convention at Chicago nominated James A. Garfield ; greenback national convention nomi- nated James B. Weaver at Chicago ; the power of Railroad and Warehouse Commission sustained by the Supreme Court of the United States. 189a 1881 — January. Last State bonds called in; the State debt practically extinguished. Legislative acts : Creation of the Board of Dental Examiners and the Board of Pharmacy ; pure food law. 1882 — State and congressional re-apportion- ments; Illinois gets twenty congress- men. 1883 — Legislative acts: Creation of State ATin- 1891- ing Board and the office of State Inspec- tor of Mines ; "Harper High License Law." -June. Republican national convention at Chicago nominated James G. Blaine. July. Democratic national convention at Chicago nominated Grover Cleveland. An amendment to the Constitution, per- mitting the Governor to veto items in appropriation bills. -Legislative acts : Logan-Morrison sena- torial contest, Logan elected ; establish- ment of Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Ouincy; office of State Veterinarian and State Game Wardens ; Illinois In- dustrial University becomes the Uni- versity of Illinois. -Labor troubles : . April. Railroad strike at East St. Louis. March. Strike at McCormick Harvester works. May 4. Anarchist riot, Haymarket square, Chi- cago. Trial and conviction of anarchists. Amendment to the Constitution, for- bidding the contracting of convict labor. -Legislative acts : Creation of Live Stock Commission and the Industrial Hom.e for the Blind at Chicago; laws against conspiracy ; provision for Arbor day. Execution of Chicago Anarchists. -Republican national convention at Chi- cago nominated Benjamin Harrison. -Legislative acts : Establishment of Asy- lum for Insane Criminals at Chester ; State Florticultural Society, and Chicago Sanitary District ; a general school law with compulsory clauses, "The Ed- wards Law." Coal miners strike in La- Salle and adjoining counties. —World's Columbian Exposition : Febru- ary. Congress selects Chicago as the site ; special session of the Legislature to provide for the Columbian Exposi- tion ; amendment to the Constitution, enabling Chicago to issue five millions of five per cent, bonds for World's Fair purposes. New University of Chicago incorporated. -Legislative acts : Palmer-Oglesby sena- torial contest; Palmer elected by a com- i6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. bination of democratic and F. M. B. A. votes ; anti-trust law ; legal rate of in- terest reduced to iive per cent. ; child labor law ; Australian ballot system is adopted. 1892 — October I. Chicago University opened. October 21. Dedication of World's Fair buildings, 1893 — Legislative acts : Congressional and leg- islative re-apportionment; Illinois gets twenty-two congressmen ; modification of Edward's compulsory educational law ; creation of the State Insurance Department, State Board of Factory Inspectors and State Home for Juve- nile Female Offenders. June 26. Gov- ernor Altgeld pardons the anarchists, Nebee, Fielden and Schwab. World's Columbian Exposition opened May i. Closed October 30. 1894 — Labor troubles : Pullman and American Raihva)- Union strikes. State and Fed- eral troops called out. Protest by Gov- ernor Altgeld against the use of Fed- eral troops in Chicago. 1895 — Legislative acts : Establishment of East- ern Normal School at Charleston, the Northern Normal at DeKalb, Asylum for Incurable Insane at Bartonville and Farmer's institutes ; prison parole sys- tem adopted ; inheritance tax law ; mu- nicipal civil service law. Special ses- sions, June 25 to August 2, provided additional revenue and established the State Board of Arbitration. 1896 — July. Democratic national convention at Chicago nominated William Jennings Bryan and adopted the "Chicago Plat- form." 1897 — Legislative acts : Establishment of State Board of Pardons. State Board of Ex- aminers of Architects, State Board of Examiners of Horseshoers ; second "Torrens Land xVct" (first act of 1895 declared unconstitutional.) 1898 — Special session of the Legislature. Decem- ber, 1897. February, 1898. New pri- mary election law ; general revision of the revenue law. ,., 1899— Legislative acts: "Juvenile Court Act;" establishment of offices of State Food Commissioner and State Commissioner of Game; creation of Western Normal School at Macomb. 1900 — Chicago drainage canal in operation; wa- ter turned in January 2. 1901 — Legislative acts. Senatorial and congres- sional re-apportionment. Illinois gets twenty-five congressmen ; the "Little Ballot Law :" new primary election law. THE CAPITALS AND CAPITOLS OF ILLINOIS. Since its organization as a state, Illinois has had three capitals or seats of government, and five capitol buildings which were the property of the State — three at Vandalia and two at Spring- field. Of these five capitol buildings, three are still standing, one at Vandalia, now the court house of Fayette county, and two at Springfield, one the present court house of Sangamon countv, and the other the present State capitol. From the earliest occupation of the country until its organization as a state in 1818, a period of nearlv 150 years, the seat of government was at. or in the near vicinity of, Kaskaskia. During the occupation of the Illinois country by the French and their immediate successors, the British, the government was essentially mili- tary in character, and the seat of government was the principal fort or block house occupied as headquarters by the military commandant of the country. For a short time, about 1680, Fort Creve Couer, near the present site of Peoria, was the military headquarters of the country and the seat of government, so far as the country had a government and so far as that government re- quired a seat. But the "American Bottom" seemed to have greater attractions for the early French settlers than any other part of the im- perfectlv explored country, and Kaskaskia soon thereafter became the metropolis of the country, the center of missionary effort among the Indians as well as military headquarters and seat of gov- ernment. In 171 1, by royal decree of the king of LINCOLN MONU.MENT, SPRINGFIELD PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 19 France, the Illinois country ceased to be a de- pendency of Canada and was attached to the Dis- trict of Louisiana, the lieutenant commandant and acting governor still maintaining his head- quarters at Kaskaskia until the erection of Fort Chartres about twentv miles northwest of Kas- kaskia in 1720, which then became the seat of government and so continued during the remain- der of the French administration of affairs, and after the British occupation in 1765 until 1772. In this year the walls of the fort, yielding to the gradually encroaching waters of the Mississippi, tumbled into the river, and the military head- quarters and seat of government were trans- ferred once more to old Kaskaskia. After the conquest of the country by the Vir- ginia troops in 1778 under Colonel George Rog- ers Clark, military headquarters were continued at Kaskaskia; and when in 1778 Virginia created the "County of Illinois," including not only all the area of the present State, but that of Ohio and Indiana as well. Colonel John Todd, of Ken- tucky, was commissioned lieutenant command- ant, with his headquarters at Kaskaskia, and was acting governor of the entire region, which later (1787) was organized as the Northwest Ter- ritory. From 1787 to 1800, while a part of the North- west territory. Marietta first, and Chillicothe and Cincinnati afterward, were the capitals of the territory, but Illinois retained its name and ident- ity as a county with its county seat at Kaskas- kia until 1790, when the name of the county was changed by Governor St. Clair, in honor of him- self, to St. Clair county, and the county seat was established at Cahokia. From this time until the organization of the territory in 1809, "Illinois" had no place upon the map and no legal status anvwhere ; and Kaskaskia ceased to be the seat of government, either civil or military, for terri- tory or county, until 1795, at which time St. Clair county was divided, Randolph being formed out of the southern portion. The county seat of the new county was fixed at Kaskaskia, where it re- mained until its removal to Chester in 1848. In 1800, when Indiana territory was organized with General Harrison its first governor and Vincennes its capital, the division of the Illinois countr)- into the two counties of St. Clair and Randolph, with their respective county seats at Cahokia and Kaskaskia, was continued ; and in 1809, upon the organization of the Illinois terri- tory, the same division of counties was preserved and confirmed by proclamation of the acting gov- ernor. By the act of 1809 creating the territory, the name "Illinois" was officially restored to the country and the government re-established at its ancient seat at Kaskaskia. During the territorial period of nine years and the first two years of statehood with the seat of government at Kaskaskia, it seems that no capi- tol building, assembly hall for the Legislature nor offices for the executive departments was ever owned by the territory or State. Nothing of the sort had been inherited by the common- wealth nor were any provisions made for such purcha'se or construction. Several of the early historians inform us that the first territorial leg- islature met (November 25, 1812) in a house formerly occupied by the military commandant during the French and English periods and de- scribe it as "a large, rough old building of uncut limestone, with steep roof and gables of un- painted boards, situated in the center of a square. The first floor, a large, low, cheerless room, was fitted up for the House (seven members) and a smaller room above for the Council (five mem- bers). The two houses had one doorkeeper in common and the twelve legislators constituting the assembly all boarded with the same family and lodged in the same room." However this may be, it appears from the acts of the several territorial legislatures and of the first General Assembly of the State, that each assembly held its session in a different building, or else that the rented "capitol" was continually changing own- ers. The appropriation bills of the various as- semblies show that, at the first session of the First Assembly, an appropriation was made (De- cember 26, 1812) "To Hugh H. Maxwell, agent for the heirs of Elijah Backus, deceased, for a house for the use of the Legislature during the present session, $1.00 per day for each day the same may have been occupied." At the second session of the same assembly no appropriation was made for house rent; but (December 11, 20 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 1813), there was appropriated to "John Hogue for certain repairs done to the court house of Randolph county for the use of the Legislature during the present session, $15.00," and "To Pierre Menard for plank furnished for repairs on court house and for two tin pitchers, $10.40;" from which it seems that this session was held in the Randolph county court house. At the third session an appropriation was made (December 24, 1814) "To James Gilbraith for firewood and house rent, $1.25 per day during the present ses- sion." At the fourth session an appropration was made (January 11, 1816) "To William Ben- nett for house room and firewood during tlie present session, $2.00 per day." Again at the fifth session an appropriation was made (Janu- ary 13, 1817) "To AVilliam Bennett, $2.00 per day for rent and firewood for two days during the present session," and "To William Morrison, for house rent furnished the present session, $1.50 per day." Again at the sixth and last ses- sion of the territorial legislature an appropriation was made (January 9, 1818) "To John W. Gillis, $2.00 per day for eich day the Legislature sat in his house at this session." At the second session of the First General As- sembly of the State appropriations were made (March 29, 1819) to cover rent for the two ses- sions of the First General Assembly of the State, as well as for the Constitutional Convention of 1818, as follows: "To George Fisher for the use of three rooms of his house during the present and preceding session, $4.00 per day ; also for the use of one room during the sitting of the conven- tion, $2.00 per day." From these appropriation items it seems clear that, while the seat of government remained at Kaskaskia, neither the State nor the territory owned a capitol building, that each legislature was left to its own devices to provide a place of meeting, and that each session secured a difl:"erent building, or, at least, paid rent to a different land- lord. If, by the term, "Capitol" or "State House" is meant any building in which the legislative body holds its sessions, there may have been, and most probably were, several capitols at Kaskas- kia. If, however, the term is restricted in its ap- plication to a building owned by the State and used for legislative assemblies and executive of- fices, the first capitol of Illinois was located at Vandalia. THE FIRST STATE CAPITOL. At the first session of the First General As- sembly of the State, in compliance with section 13, of the schedule of the constitution of 1818, a petition was prepared and approved (October 12, 1818) asking Congress to donate to the State not less than one nor more than four sections of land "situate on the Kaskaskia river, as near as may be east of the third principal meridian for a seat of government for this State." On March 3, 1819, Congress passed an act in conformity with this petition donating four sections of land for the purposes set forth in the petition, and on Alarch 30, 1819, at the second session of the First General Assembly an act was passed in con- formity to the constitution, appointing five com- missioners who were authorized to make a proper selection for a site, to employ a surveyor to lay ofl^ a town, to select a name for the town, to sell 150 lots, not more than ten of which were to be on the public square and to contract for the building of a suitable house for the reception of the General Assembly. The act provided that the said house should be located on some lot belong- ing to the State, but not on the public square, that it should consist of two stories, and be of sufficient capacity to accommodate the House of Representatives on the lower floor and the Sen- ate on the upper floor, with suitable rooms for the council of revision, clerks, etc., all of which was to be done within six months ; and the act further provided, "That the next stated session of the General Assembly shall be holden at the town thus laid off and in the building before de- scribed." The commissioners did their work within the time specified, locating the capital eight or ten miles north of the point where the third principal meridian crosses the Kaskaskia river. The place was known at the time as "Reeve's Bluff," and was about eighty miles from Kaskaskia and twenty miles from the nearest "settlement." To the capital they gave the name of Vandalia, and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 21 the capital building has been described as "a plain two story wooden structure, the lower floor of which was devoted to one room for the House of Representatives and a passage and stairway to the second floor. The second story consisted of two rooms — the larger for the Senate chamber and the smaller for the Council of Revision. The Secretary of State, Auditor and Treasurer oc- cupied offlces, detached from the capitol, rented for their use. The State archives, constituting a small wagon load, were removed from Kaskaskia to Vandalia by Sidney Breese, then clerk to the Secretary of State, for which service he received $25.00; and the first session of the Second General As- sembly met in the first capitol owned by the State. December 4, 1820. During the session an act was passed (January 27, 1821) approving and confirming all the acts of the commissioners and declaring Vandalia to be the "permanent seat of government for twenty years from and after De- cember I, 1820." Another act of this session incorporated the town of Vandalia ; and among other powers and duties vested in the board of trustees, they were authorized to "employ some skillful person to paint the State House in a neat and workmanlike manner, and to make such al- terations in the chimneys of the house as they ma}' deem necessary." It was further made the duty of the trustees of the town of Vandalia "to take possession of and keep in good repair the State House durmg each and every recess of the General Assembly." The said trustees were further authorized to "allow the Secretary of State to occupy one of the small rooms in the State House, and the Auditor of Public Ac- counts the other small room until the meeting of the next General Assembly." THE SECOND CAPITOL. The building just described was destroyed by fire December 9, 1823, after having been occu- pied but three years, and was succeeded by a more pretentious brick structure costing about $15,000, of which amount the citizens of Van- dalia contributed $3,000. This second State cap- itol was erected during the summer of 1824. In 2 Governor Cole's biennial message (November 16, 1824) he says concerning the rebuilding of the capitol : "The citizens of Vandalia have rebuilt it, and will, doubtless, not be disappointed in their just expectation of being reimbursed for the expenses they have incurred in thus 'providing for the public accommodation." The confidence of the citizens, it seems, was not misplaced ; for the General Assembly made an appropriation (De- cember 8, 1824) of $12,164.71 to different citi- zens of Vandalia, to be paid in the paper of the State Bank of Illinois, for money, labor and ma- terial advanced in the construction of the new capitol. This capitol continued in use until 1836, the last legislative session held in the building being the second session of the Ninth General Assembly (December 7, 1835, to January 13, 1836). The schedule to the constitution providing for the location of the capital specified that the place chosen should remain the capital for a period of twent}' years, and the act changing the capital from Kaskaskia to Vandalia specifically declared Vandalia to be the "pennanent seat of govern- ment for twenty years on and after December i, 1820;" still, before half of the specified twenty years had passed, the question of removal was agitated and a strong sentiment was soon created in favor of a location farther north and nearer the center of population, which was already leaving Vandalia far to the south. In 1833, this senti- ment took shape in an act of the Eighth General Assembly (February 5) providing, "That at the next election to be held in the several counties of this State for members of the Legislature, there shall be opened at each place of voting, a book, in which shall be entered the votes of the qualified voters in favor of the following named places, as their choice for the permanent location of the seat of government of this State, after the time prescribed by the constitution for its re- maining at Vandalia, to-wit : Geographical center of the State, Jacksonville, Springfield, Vandalia, Alton and Peoria. The place receiving the high- est number of votes shall forever thereafter re- main the seat of government of the State of Illi- nois." The question was submitted to the people in accordance with the provisions of this act and 22 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. the election, which was held August 4, 1834, re- sulted as follows : Votes The Geographical Center received 790 Jacksonville received 273 Spring-field received ' 7>075 Peoria received 423 Alton received 8,157 A'andalia received 7;730 At this election Sangamon county polled the largest vote of any county in the State, 2,297 (S^ votes more than were cast for sheriff at the same election), of which 2,261 were for Springfield, 21 for the Geographical Center (which was sup- posed to be in the immediate neighborhood of II- liopolis), I for Jacksonville, 3 for Peoria, 10 for Alton, and I for Vandalia. Putman, on the other hand, polled the smallest vote, only 4, of which 3 went to Peoria and i to Springfield ; 369 votes were cast in this county for sheriff at the same election. Cook county, like Putman, was more interested in local affairs than in locating a State capital, casting at this election 515 votes for sher- iff and but 52 on the capital question. Of these 52 Cook county votes Peoria received 23 and Springfield 13, while 9 went to the Geographical Center, 4 to A^andalia, 2 to Jacksonville, and i to Alton. Fayette county was naturally interested in the question and, while but 627 votes were cast for sheriff, 668 votes were rounded up on the question of locating the capital ; of which Alton received 7, Peoria 2, Springfield i, and Vandalia the remaining 658. Calhoun was the only county casting a tmanimous vote for any place, iAlton receiving her entire vote of 158. THE THIRD CAPITOL. Though Alton received the highest number of votes and was entitled, under the act of 1833, to be made the permanent seat of government, this fact was never officially declared, and so far as the public records show, the vote was never can- vassed, nor the matter referred to during either session of the Ninth Assembly. Outside of the Legislature, however, the matter continued to be discussed, and one of the arguments in favor of removal was the need of a better State house, and as one had to be built it would be better to locate it nearer the center of population. The wide-awake citizens of Vandalia, who had al- ready built one State capitol without legislative warrant, sought to overcome this argument and, accordingly, in the summer of 1836, during the recess of the General Assembly, tore down the building which they had built twelve years be- fore and used the material so far as it was avail- able in the construction of a new capitol at a cost of about $16,000. Of this amount $6,000 was paid by Governor Duncan out of the con- tingent fund and $10,000 advanced by the citizens of Vandalia. No law had been enacted authoriz- ing the destruction of the old State house nor the construction of a new one, but the self-sufficient citizens of Vandalia took the matter into their own hands as they had done in 1824, and the first official reference to the tearing down of the old capitol and replacing it with a new one is found in a brief paragraph of Governor Duncan's mes- sage to the Tenth General Assembly (Decem- ber 9, 1836), as follows: 'Tn consequence of the dilapidated and failing condition of the old State house, the public offi- cers, mechanics and citizens of this place, believ- ing that the Legislature would have no place to convene or hold their session, have built the house you now occupy. This work has been done in a time and under circumstances which evinces an industry, zeal and public spirit that does honor to the place and commands our grateful acknowl- edgment, and I hope their services and expenses will be promptly remunerated." The work done on this building was certainly of a character superior to that of 1824, for, after a lapse of sixty-three years, the building still stands and is the present court house of Fayette county. The last session of the Legislature to meet at Vandalia was the first session of the Eleventh General Assembly which convened December 3, 1838. During this session (February 16, 1839) an act was passed conveying the capitol, built less than four years before, to the county of Fayette and the town of Vandalia, the west half of the building to the county to be used as a court PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 23 house and the east half to the town for school purposes, while all the unsold lots belonging to the State within the original four sections granted by the general government to the State, were conveyed to the county of Fayette, to be sold by the county commissioners, and the pro- ceeds to constitute a road and bridge fund for the county. Until 1857 the east half of the old Cap- itol was used for school purposes as contemplated by the act of 1839. In 185 1 the "Fayette Semi- nary" was incorporated, and under its charter was entitled to the east half of the building "to be held and used as a county seminary." So far as can now be ascertained, the trustees never or- ganized an actual school under this charter, but June 19, 1856, they conveyed the property to the county of Fayette. This conveyance was legal- ized by -special act of the Legislature ( February 15, 1857.) The proceeds of the sale were turned over to the A^andalia school district, and the old capitol and surrounding grounds have since be- longed to the county of Fayette. Since that time the building has undergone material changes both as to its outside appearance and interior ar- rangement. In 1858-59 the county spent about $50,000 in remodeling the building, the original cost of which was less than one-third of this sum. Besides a complete re-arrangement of the inter- ior, handsome porticoes were added to the north and south sides of the building, supported by mas- sive brick pillars which added much to the archi- tectural appearance of the plain old capitol. After a lapse of forty years these brick pillars were re- placed in the summer of 1S99 by modern -iron columns. For many years it was one of the hand- somest and largest court houses in the State, and even yet it surpasses many of the county build- ings erected in other counties half a century later. The enterprising move On the part of the "pub- lic officers, mechanics and citizens" of Vandalia, however, did not settle the State house question, for an act was passed (February 25, 1837), pro- viding that the long-discussed question should be settled by joint ballot of the two houses, to be convened in joint session for that purpose, three days after the passage of the act. Accordingly, on February 28, 1837, at 10 o'clock a. m., the two houses met in joint session and on the fourth ballot Springfield was chosen as the new capitol, receiving 73 votes, a majority over all competi- tors for the prize. On the final ballot Vandalia received 16 votes, Jacksonville 11, Peoria 8, Al- ton 6, Illiopolis 3, and I vote each was received by Bloomington, Shawneetown, Hillsboro, Graf- ton, Caledonia and Essex. THE FOURTI-I CAPITOL. Alread)' an act had been passed (February 11, 1837), making an appropriation of $10,268.82, including twenty-eight separate items, "in full of all materials furnished, money advanced, and the work and labor done to and upon the said State house," so that the "public officers, mechanics and citizens" of Vandalia were reimbursed for their outlay on the third capitol, and on March 3, 1837, an act supplemental to the act of Febru- ary 25 was passed authorizing the commissioners of Sangamon county to convey to the State the "public square" in Springfield, containing two and one-half acres, more or less, and naming Archibald Job, A. G. Flenry and Thomas Hou- gan (or Hogan) as a board of State House Commissioners to superintend the erection of the new capitol. Fifty thousand dollars had already been appropriated for building purposes, the citi- zens of Springfield subscribed $50,000 additional, and the corner stone of the new building was laid with impressive ceremonies July 4, 1837. Major E. D. Baker, ten years later a Representative in Congress from this State, and still later a United States Senator from Oregon, who fell in one of the early engagements of the Civil war, was the orator of the day ; and the oration of this bril- liant young lawyer is said to have been worthy of the occasion. Dr. Hogan declined to act as State House Commissioner, and William Hern- don, in 1839, was appointed to fill the vacancy. John F. Rague was selected by the commission- ers as the architect, and the work went forward on the new capitol. A few months only had been required to complete either of the former Capi- tols, but this was a more serious undertaking, and its completion proved to be the work of years instead of months, the last of the numerous "ap- propriations for completion of the State house" 24 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. being made in 185 1 and the work completed in 1853, sixteen years after the laying of the corner stone, and at a total cost of about $260,000, in- stead of $120,000 as first estiniated. The commissioners made their last report to the Twelfth General Assembly (December 15, 1840) in which they reported an expenditure of $182,- 800, besides liabilities incurred to the amount of $29,153, and estimated as necessary to complete the building a further appropriation of $39,000. They were immediately legislated out of office and a new commission was appointed, consisting of the Secretary of State, Auditor and Treasurer, who, at this time, were James Shields, Lyman Trumbull and Milton Carpenter, respectively. They were authorized to effect a settlement with former commissioners and to complete the con- struction of the State house, for which work $7,000 was appropriated. Two thousand six hun- dred dollars more was appropriated at the next session, and in 1847 the Governor was given a place on the commission instead of the Secretary of State, and $20,000 more appropriated to com- plete the work. In 1849 the new commission re- ported that work had been done and contracts made which had exhausted all available funds and $7,000 additional was appropriated, and again in 1851 $11,000, the final appropriation for completing the capitol ; but in 1854 $20,000 was further appropriated for enclosing and embellish- ing the grounds about the building so as to "cor- respond with and be equal to the court house square in the city of Chicago." THE FIFTH CAPITOL. The State capitol, the corner stone of which had been laid with impressive ceremonies July 4, 1837, was fifteen years in building; and, fif- teen years after its completing, it was so inade- quate to the wants of the State that the erection of a new capitol seemed imperative. At the time of is erection it was the architectural wonder of the State and commonly considered beyond the necessity of the times, and the tax-paying abili- ties of the commonwealth. It was frequently cha,racterized as a monument of extra^^agance, and excused on the ground of State pride rather than the immediate or future necessities of the State government. The population of the State in 1837 was less than a half million. In 1867 it was nearly two and one-half millions ; an increase of four hundred per cent in thirty years. In the meantime Springfield had grown from a town of 1,100 to one of 17,000, while Chicago had in- creased from 4,000 to about a quarter of a mil- lion. The increase in wealth had more than kept pace with the growth of population; and in 1867 (February 25) the Twenty-fifth General Assem- bly passed an act providing for the erection of a new State house. This act authorized the Gov- ernor to convey to the county of Sangamon and the city of Springfield the existing capitol and grounds in consideration of $200,000 and the further consideration of the site for the erection of the new capitol. The act limited the cost to three million dollars, and named a board of seven commissioners to carry out the provisions of the act in superintending the erection of the building. The act contained an emergency clause and the commissioners proceeded to their work without delay. On ]\Iarch 11, 1868, ground was broken for the new building. On June nth the first stone was laid, and on October 5, 1868, the formal laying of the corner stone took place. Judge J. D. Caton making the principal address — an eloquent and scholarly essa}' of historic value, fortunately, has found a place in the prin- cipal libraries of the State. In September, 1869, the foundation was completed at a cost of nearlv half a million dollars ; in 1876 the capitol was first occupied in an unfinished condition; in 1885 the final appropriation was made, and it was com- pleted in 1888. The first appropriation, $450,000, made in 1867, was wholly exhausted before the completion of the foundation, 'which cost $465,686.67. In 1869, a further appropriation was made of $450,000 ; in 1871, $600,000 more; in 1873, $1,000,000, and in 1875, $800,000. These appropriations made a total of three and one-half million dollars, the limit fixed by the constitution of 1870, beyond which the Legislature could not go without a vote of the people ratifying further appropriation. In 1877, s.n appropriation of $531,712, contingent upon the approval of the people, was made for PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 25 the completion of the State house, and submitted at the November election of that year. The prop- osition received but 80,222 affirmative votes out of a total of 389,189 cast at the election. Again, in 1881, a similar appropriation was made and again submitted at the election in November, 1882, and was again defeated, receiving but 231,- 632 votes out of a total of 532,683. Again, in 1884, the same proposition was once more sub- mitted to a vote at the November election, and se- cured the endorsement of the people, receiving 364,796 votes out of a total of 673,086. June 29, 1885, an act was passed to render effective the act of 1883, and the final appropriation of $531,- 712 was made available after October i, 1885. A new State house commission was appointed by the Governor to superintend its expenditure, and the capitol was completed in 1888, twenty-one years after its building was authorized. The sev- eral appropriations enumerated above, together with smaller sums appropriated during the prog- ress of the work, as well as during the years when work was practically suspended, made for repairs, for protection and preservation of work already done ; for vaults, laying walks upon the grounds, planting trees, and other items, not, perhaps, properly chargeable to the first cost of building, amounted in the aggregatte to nearly four and one-half million dollars. The first Board of State House Commission- ers, named in the act of 1867, consisted of seven members as follows : John W. Smith, John J. S. Wilson, Philip Wadsworth, James C. Robin- son, William T. Vandeveer, William L. Hamble- ton and James H. Beveridge. March 12, 1867, Jacob Bunn was appointed, vice John J. S. Wil- son, and on the organization of the board was elected president of the commission. In 1869 the board, by act of the General Assembly, was reduced to three members, and the Governor re- appointed Jacob Bunn, James C. Robinson and James H. Beveridge, of the old commission, to constitute the new board, of which Mr. Bunn was made president and Mr. Beveridge secre- tary. In 1871 Mr. Robinson resigned his ap- pointment and John T. Stuart was named to fill the vacancy. These commissioners continued to act until 1877, at which time, there being no funds available for carrying on the work of building, they were relieved, by act of the Gen- eral Assembly, from further duty. After the favorable vote of 1884, ratifying the legislative appropriation of 1883, Governor ITamilton ap- pointed, December 30, 1884, a new board, con- sisting of General John Cook, Rheuna D. Law- rence and John O'Neill ; but, on the assembling of the Legislature the Senate failed to confirm these appointments, and Governor Oglesby ap- pointed George Kirk, William Jayne and John McCreery, who directed the expenditure of the final appropriation and completion of the building. In response to an advertisement by the first board of commissioners offering a premium of $3,000 for the best design for the building, twen- ty-one designs were submitted, from which that of John C. Cochrane, of Chicago, was chosen, July 2, 1867, and in January, 1868, Mr. Cochrane was appointed architect and superintendent of the works, on a contract of two and one-half per cent of the cost of the building and W. D. Clark, of Davenport, was appointed assistant su- perintendent. In 1886 Alfred H. Pinquenard, of the firm of Cochrane &Pinquenard, undertook the personal supervision of the work, and acted as resident supervising architect until his death, November 19, 1876. M. E. Bell, who had been appointed assistant superintendent in 1874, vice W. D. Clark, assumed the personal supervision of the work after the death of Mr. Pinquenard. This great work, continuing through twenty- one years, was not carried forward without de- lays and .embarrassments. From the first there was a strong element in the State opposed to the construction of, the building. At first this oppo- sition was confined to interested localities that wanted the capital located elsewhere, but as times got "hard" and the appropriations began to mount into the millions, the opposition became more wide-spread and of deeper significance. As early as 1871, petitions, carrying 40,000 names, were presented to the Generaly Assembly, ask- ing that further appropriations be withheld until the questions of location and cost could be sub- mitted to a vote of the people. Peoria made a munificent bid for the transfer of the capital to that city, and Chicago, in protest against the in- 26 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. adequate accommodations of the old building and the slow progress of the new one, invited the Twenty-seventh General Assembly to hold its adjourned session in Chicago, offering suitable assembly halls, executive and committee rooms free of charge to the State. This offer, in spite of the constitutional provision that all sessions of the General Assembly must be held at the capital, was accepted by jomt resolution of the assembly. The great conflagration which, in 1871, swept away all the public buildings of Chi- cago, prevented the carrying out of this plan and avoided the possible complications which might have arisen on account of it. From 1875 to 1885 no appropriation was made available for prose- cuting the work, and for about eight years no progress was made toward the completion of the building, nothing being attempted between 1877 and 1885 except to protect the work done pre- vious to that time. No report of the last board of commissioners is on file concerning the com- pletion of the building, but the Auditor's reports show that the last of the appropriation of 1885 was expended in 1888. The site selected for the building and given by the county of Sangamon and city of Spring- field, in part consideration of the transfer of the old capitol and grounds to the city and county, is a beautiful plot of ground about one-fourth of a mile southwest of the old capitol, containing eight and one-half acres, sloping gently toward the east, the direction in which the capitol faces the business part of the city. The original plans contemplated a further addition of ground to the south end of the site which, unfortunately, was never secured, and the south portico of the build- ing, as provided for in the original design, was never constructed, for want of necessary space, the south wall of the south wing being flush with the street. The building, in the form of a Latin cross, is of the composite order of architecture in which modern effects of utility and convenience are happily combined with the strength and beauty characteristic of ancient styles of building. The circular foundation, ninety-two and a half feet in diameter, upon which the great dome rests, is twenty-five and a half feet below the grade line. based upon the solid rock, and the walls support- ing the dome are seventeen feet in thickness from the foundation to the floor of the first story. The foundation for the outer walls is eleven to sixteen feet below the grade line, these walls being nine feet thick up to the first floor. The foundation walls are all built of granular magnesian lime- stone of unquestioned strength and durability, ob- tained from the Sonora quarries of Hancock county. The outer walls of the superstructure are constructed of Niagara limestone, the lower story from the quarries of Joliet, and the upper stories from Lemont. The extreme length of the build- ing from north to south is 379 feet, and from east to west 26S feet. The height from ground line to top of dome is 36i_ feet, and to tip of flag staff 405 feet — higher, exclusive of the flag staff by 74 feet, than the dome of the national capitol at Washington. The building consists of basement, first, second and third stories, gallery floor and dome. The basement is used for vaults, en- gine rooms, carpenter shop, and storerooms for various purposes. The first floor is de- voted (1899) largely to offices for various State boards, the east wing being occupied by the Railroad and Warehouse Commission on the north side, and by the Bureau of Labor Sta- tistics and State Board of Health on the south side ; the north wmg, by the Superintendent of Insurance on the east side, and by the land de- partment of the Auditor's office, the Farmers' Institute and the supply department of the Secre- tary of State on the west ; the west wing by the Board of Live Stock Commissioners on the north side and by the chambers of the Supreme Judges on the south, while the south wing contains the office of clerk of the Supreme Court, the ship- ping department of the Secretary of State's of- fice and the War Museum on the west side, and the offices of the Adjutant General and State Board of Pharmacy on the east. The second floor (called the main floor by the architect, and origi- nally reached from the outside by a broad flight of marble steps on the east front) contains the ex- ecutive offices, the east wing being occupied by the Governor's suite of rooms on the north side and the Secretary of State's on the south ; the north wing by the State Board of Public Chari- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 27 ties, the Board of Agriculture and .-Vgricultural Museum on the east side and the offices of the Auditor and Treasurer on the west ; the west wing by the Attorney General's office on the north side, the Law Library in the west end, .while the south side of this wing and the west side of the south wing are devoted to the use of the Supreme Court. The east side of the south wing is oc- cupied by the State Superintendent of Public In- struction and the anti-trust and index depart- ments of the office of the Secretary of State. On the third floor the north wing is occupied by the Senate Chamber, the south wing by the Hall of the House of Representatives, the east wing by the Geological and Natural History Museum and offices of the State Board of Par- dons and Printer Expert, and the west wing by the State Library and State Historical Library. There are also numerous committee rooms and offices for the officers of the General Assembly on this floor, while the gallery floor and mansard story are wholly occupied by committee rooms. The porticoes of the east and north fronts, sup- ported by massive arches and columns of Joliet limestone and stately pillars of polished Fox. Is- land granite, with the gigantic but perfectly pro- portioned and graceful dome, constitute the notable architectural features of the outer build- ing, while the magnihcent rotunda and grand stairway of the interior were the special pride of the architects and builders. The floors of the rotunda and of the corridors are mosaic work of different colored marble. The walls of the rotunda in the first and second stories and to the spring of the arches, as well as the arches themselves, are of solid stone faced with Bedford blue limestone and Missouri red granite. The grand stairway, leading from the second floor to the third, constructed of solid marble, with columns, pilasters, arches, rails, bal- usters, wainscoting and soffits connected with it, also of solid marble, was, at the time of its con- struction, considered superior in design, mate- rial and finish, to any similar stairway in the world. The polished columns in the second story of the rotunda are of Missouri red granite with bases of blue granite and rich foliated caps of Tuckahoe marble. The wainscoting of the cor- ridors of vari-colored marbles, domestic and im- ported (including white Italian, Alps green, Lis- bon, Glens Falls, old Tennessee, Concord, and other varieties) artistically paneled, is a piece of work unexcelled for beauty and durability and in perfect harmony with the other parts of the spa- cious hallways. The ceilings of the principal rooms are heavily paneled and tastefully deco- rated ; those of the Supreme Court room and the Assembly halls being particularly worthy of note. The paintings and statuary intended to adorn the interior are hardly in keeping with the archi- tectural beauty of the building, though some of the work is of unquestioned merit. The panels of the main corridor of the first floor are deco- rated with paintings illustrative of scenes and events closely connected with the early history of the State, such as old Fort Chartres on the ^Mississippi, Starved Rock on the Illinois, old Fort Dearborn, New Salem in the time of Lin- coln, General Grant taking command of the troops at Cairo at the beginning of the Civil war, Marquette and Joliet in a conference with the In- dians during the earliest recorded exploration of Illinois in 1673, ^"d Governor Coles liberating his slaves as they drift down the Ohio river in a flat boat on their immigration to Illinois. A large painting representing Col. George Rogers Clark negotiating a treaty with the Illinois Indians fills the large panel on the wall above the landing of the grand stairway. Full length portraits of Lin- coln and Douglas are found in the hall of the House of Representatives, and of Washington and Lafayette in the State Library, while por- traits, varying widely in artistic merit, of all the Governors of the State adorn the walls of the Governor's office. In the center of the first floor at the intersection of the main corridors, as a relic of the World's Fair at Chicago, stands a bronze female figure of heroic size representing "Illinois welcoming the world," to the Columbian Exposition of 1892. This piece of statuary was placed on exhibition by the woman's exposition committee during the exposition, in the Illinois building, and was trans- ferred to the state after the close of the fair. On the second floor are marble statues of Lin- coln, Douglas and Governor Wood, and high up PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. on the walls of the rotunda on pedestals near the base of the inner dome are heroic bronze casts of eight men prominent in the civil and military history of the state — Ninian Edwards, governor bv appointment and re-appointment during the entire territorial period, 1809 to 1818, and third of governor of the state ; Shadrach Bond, the state's first governor ; Edward Coles, the second governor ; Sidney Breese, judge of the supreme court of the state for many years, and United States senator ; L3'man Trumbull, United States senator and eminent jurist ; U. S. Grant, com- mander of all the armies of the Union at the close of the Civil war and afterwards twice elected to the presidency ; John A. Logan, Major General of Volunteers during the Civil war, and afterwards for many years United States senator — a brilliant figure in the military and political history of the state ; and William R. Morrison, eminent, alike, as a statesman and jurist, the only one of these eight worthies still living. Still above these statues, and just at the base of the inner dome, is a series of allegorical and his- torical pictures, in has relief, of conceded artis- tic merit. Among them are the discussion of the stamp act, in the Virginia House of Burgesses, with Patrick Henry as the central figure, making his memorable address, and Washington and Richard Henry Lee among his attentive auditors ; the evacuation of Yorktown by the British forces ; Peter Cartwright, the pioneer preacher, conduct- ing a religious service in a "settler's" cabin ; the surrender of Black Hawk at Prairie du Chien : and a joint debate between those giants of the political forum, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, in their great campaign of 1858. In these historical representations all of the figures are supposed to be portraits of historical charac- ters. Many of them are easily recognized, but others it seems impossible to identify, as the gifted artist, T. Nicolai, who designed and exe- cuted the work, dying before it was wholly com- pleted, left no key to the dii?erent groups so graphically represented. It is difficult to describe in detail such a build- ing without making the description tedious to the average reader. It is unnecessary, perhaps, to de- scribe it at all. It stands to speak for itself, and except for some unforeseen disaster, will yet stand for many years a monument to the fore- sight of those who conceived it, as well as to the skill of the architects and workmen who designed and constructed it. At the time of its construc- tion there was no public building in the United States, except the capitol at Washington, to com- pare with it in size, cost or elegance ; and now. thirty-five years after the drawing of the plans by which it was built, there are few buildings in the country surpassing it for architectural beauty or which more adequately serve the purpose for which they were intended. THE CAPITAL CITIES OF ILLINOIS. KASKASKIA. No reliable data can be found from which the earliest settlement of Kaskaskia may positively be determined. Authentic records show that in 1675 Marquette established a mission among the Kaskaskia Indians, known as the Kaskaskia Mis- sion, near the present site of Utica, LaSalle county, and that, on account of the repeated at- tacks of the warlike Iroquois, this mission, with a considerable body of the Kaskaskia Indians, was removed, in 1700, to the present site of Kaskas- kia. Some authorities claim that a settlement had previously been formed here as early as 1682 by some of LaSalle's followers on the return voyage from their exploration of the lower Mississippi. Others state that the first settlement was the estab- lishment at this point of a trading post by Tonti in 1685. It is probable that the settlement was no continuous from the first, for the early French traders and trappers were, as migratory in their habits as the Indians themselves ; and probably those authorities are not far wrong who fix the earliest settlement in 1700, reckoning from the date of the transfer of the Kaskaskia Mission from the upper waters of the Illinois to the lower Kas- kaskia river. It is known, at least, that Kaskas- kia was among the earliest French settlements in the Illinois country, that it soon outstripped all of its neighboring villages in wealth and population, and at an early date became the center of coloniza- tion and exploration, as well as the headquarters PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 29 of missionary effort and mercantile and military enterprise in that part of New France known as the Illinois country. The first military occu- pation of the village by the French govern- ment was in 1718. 1719 saw the first regular parish organization. A monastery and college were erected as early as 1721, and in 1725 the village was incorporated and received from Louis XV. a grant of commons to the inhabitants. Under French rule the village gradually increased in population and importance, until in 1763, at the close of the French and Indian war, it is said to have had a population of 2,000 or 3,000. These figures, however, are not well authenticated. In 1765, at the time of the British occupation, a large proportion of the population, estimated at one- third of the whole, left the village and took up their residences at St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve, on the west bank of the Mississippi. During the British occupation, from 1765 to 1778, few acces- sions were made to the village ; but after the con- trol passed into the hands of the colonies, at the close of the Revolutionary war, the tide of emi- gration from the older colonies set toward Kas- kaskia : but its growth was slow until after the organization of Illinois as a territory. The terri- torial period, from 1809 to 1818, included the most prosperous years in the history of the vil- lage, and after the removal of the state capital to Vandalia it never again acquired so large a population as it had at that time. On the other hand, the village since that event has steadily di- minished in population and importance, and even its ancient site is disappearing, a prey to the an- nual spring floods of the Mississippi. In 1818, Kaskaskia was incorporated as a town under the laws of the territory. In 1820, the state govern- ment removed to Vandalia — the new capital of the state. In 1848, four years after a disastrous in- undation, the county seat was removed to Ches- ter. From 1836 to 1871 no town officers were elected under that charter. In 187 1, a town gov- ernment was again formed under the old char- ter, and in 1873 the town reorganized under the general law. In 1880, the town retained a popu- lation of 350. In 1881, the Mississippi broke through the narrow neck of alluvial land above the town and joined its waters with those of the Kaskaskia, leaving the old town on an island, and washing away a considerable part of the old town site. Each recurring spring flood takes away a portion of the old site, and it is probable that the spring of 1900 will witness the disappearance of the last vestige of the old town. At the present time there are not more than eight or ten of its remaining houses occupied — its population less than half a hundred, its postoffice and last busi- ness house long since departed, the building known in tradition as the Old State House stand- ing on the edge of the crumbling bank of the river, waiting for the next flood to carry it away — its total obliteration now seems to be a ques- tion of a few months only, after an eventful ex- istence of two hundred years. VANDALIA. When Vandalia was made the state capital in 1820, the site of the town and all the country round about it was an unbroken wilderness. Fay- ette county was not organized nor the town in- corporated until the following year. In 1830 the population of Fayette county had grown to 2,700 and at the time of the removal of the capi- tal, ten years later, the population had more than doubled, being something more than 6,000, of which number goo, perhaps, lived in the town of Vandalia. After the removal of the capital to Springfield the population of the town fell away for several years, and as late as 1854 contained but about 800 people. The present population is about 2,500 or 3,000 and the present area is less than half, perhaps, of the four sections constitut- ing the original town site, much of which now forms corn and wheat fields adjoining the town as it exists to-day. Recent years have brought to it a gradual but steady increase of population, and though it has not kept pace with its successor, Springfield, there is nothing to indicate its total extinction, the fate that seems meted out to its predecessor, historic old Kaskaskia. SPRINGFIELD. Springfield, at the time it became the capital of the state, was but little larger than the deserted village of Vandalia. The act of 1821, organizing 30 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. the county of Sangamon, authorized the commis- sioners to locate a temporar)' county seat, by which authority they proceeded, according to the final clause of their own report, to "fix and desig'nate a certaiji point in the prairie near John Kelly's field on the waters of Spring creek, at a stake set marked Z. D., as the temporary seat of justice of said county, and do further agree that the said county seat be called and known by the name of Springfield." The "stake marked Z. D." was driven near what is now the corner of Second and Jefferson streets, and later in the same year a court house and jail, the total cost of which was $84, was erected on this spot. The following- year Elijah lies and Pascal Enos caused to be surveyed and platted a town which surrounded this "temporary seat of justice" and called the town Calhoun. But as Springfield was the official title of the county seat as well as of the postoffice, established in 1823, the name Calhoun was seldom used ; and the town, in spite of its owners and godfathers, was generally called Springfield. .In 1824, by act of the legislature, the boundary lines of the county were readjusted and the commis- sioners authorized to permanently locate a countv seat, in the doing of which they were directed to procure a donation of not less than thirty-five acres of land upon which they were to lay off a town site. Rather than lose for their town the prestige which attaches to a county seat, the pro- prietors of Calhoun donated forty-two acres ad- joining their own town and including a portion of it, for the site of the permanent county seat. The donation was accepted by the commissioners, "platted" by them into blocks and lots with streets and alleys to correspond with those of the old town of Calhoun, and without change of name and but a slight change in location, the permanent county seat was fixed May 18, 1825. Neither town was incorporated and neither had any form of municipal government until 1B27, when an act was passed by the general assembly authorizing the county commissioners to appoint a supervisor for the town whose principal duty, as defined by the act, was "to have all the trees and stumps in any of the streets described, cut off as nearly level with the ground as possible." He was also made custodian of certain fines and penalties collected by the justices within the town, which he was to expend for the improvement of streets and alleys. In 1832 the town was incorporated under the general act of 1831, and was governed by the president and board of trustees of the town, who continued in municipal control until its incorpora- tion as a city. In 1833 an act was passed by the general assembly providing for a resurvey of the town and declaring that "hereafter the plat of the town of Calhoun shall be forever known and de- clared as a part of the town of Springfield." In 1840, after having been designated as the capital of the state, the town was reincorporated as a city, at which time it had a population of about 1,100. This charter of 1840 was the subject of amend- ment at nearly every session of the legislature for many years, and in 1882 the city was reorganized under the general law. Since that time its growth in area as well as in wealth and population has steadily gone forward and its present estimated population is 35,000 or 40,000. Besides the im- portance which attaches to it as the county seat of a large and properous county and as the capital city of a great state, its location in the midst of a great coal region furnishing an inexhaustible supply of cheap fuel, makes it an important min- ing and manufacturing center. Its excellent ho- tels together with the accommodations afforded for large assemblies by its public buildings, make it a favorite convention city for political, religious, educational and social organizations. It has be- come in recent years one of the most attractive and prosperous cities of the state, and apparently there is nothing likely to interrupt its continued growth and prosperity. ILLINOIS AS A STATE. ORGANIZATION. In January of 1 81 8 the territorial legislature forwarded to Nathaniel Pope, delegate in con- gress from Illinois, a petition praying for admis- sion into the national LTnion as a state. On April 1 8th of the same year congress passed the enabling act, and December 3, after the state government had been organized and Governor Bond had PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 31 signed the constitution, congress by a resolution declared Illinois to be "one of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states in all respects." The ordinance of 1787 declared that there should be at least three states carved out of the Northwestern Territory. The boundaries of the three, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, were fixed by this law. Congress reserved the power, however, of forming two other states out of the territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the soiithern boundary of Lake Michi- gan. It was generally conceded that this line would be the northern boundary of Illinois ; but as this would give the state no coast on Lake Michigan ; and rob her of the port of Chicago and the northern terminus of the Illinois and ^lichi- gan canal which was then contemplated, Judge Pope had the northern boundary moved fiftv miles further north. BOUND.\RY CHANGED. Not only is Illinois indebted to Nathaniel Pope for the port where now enter and depart more vessels during the year than in any other port in the world, for the northern terminus of the Illi- nois and Michigan canal, and for the lead mines at Galena, but the nation, the undivided Linion, is largely indebted to him for its perpetuity. It was he, — his foresight, statesmanship and energy, — that bound our confederated Union with bands of iron that can never be broken. The geograph- ical position of Illinois, with her hundreds of miles of water-courses, is such as to make her the key to the grand arch of northern and southern states. Extending from the great chain of lakes on the north, with snow and ice of the arctic region, to the cotton fields of Tennessee ; peopled, as it is, by almost all races, classes and conditions of the human family ; guided by the various and diversified political, agricultural, religious and educational teachings common to both North and South, — Illinois can control, and has controlled, the destinies of our united and beloved republic. Pope seemingly foresaw that a struggle to dis- solve the Union would be made. With a pro- phetic eye he looked down the stream of time for a half century and saw the great conflict between the South and North, caused by the determination to dissolve the confederation of states ; and to pre- serve the Linion, he gave to Illinois a lake coast. Governor Ford, in his History of Illinois, writen in 1847, while speaking of this change of boundary and influence upon our nation, says : "What, then, was the duty of the national gov- ernment ? Illinois was certain to be a great state, with any boundaries which that government could give. Its great extent of territory, its un- rivaled fertility of soil and capacity for sustain- ing a dense population, together with its com- manding position, would in course of time give the new state a very controlling influence with her sister states situated upon the Western riv- ers, either in sustaining the federal Union as it is, or in dissolving it and establishing new govern- ments. If left entirely upon the waters of these great rivers, it was plain that, in case of threat- ened disruption, the interest of the new state would be to join a souhern and western confeder- acy ; but if a large portion of it could be made independent upon the commerce and navigation of the great northern lakes, connected as they are with the eastern states, a rival interest would be created to check the wish for a western and south- ern confederacy. "It therefore became the duty of the national government not only to make Illinois strong, but to raise an interest inclining and binding her to the eastern and northern portions of the Union. This could be done only through an interest in the lakes. At that time the commerce on the lakes was small, but its increase was confidently expected, and, indeed, it has exceeded all antici- pations, and is yet only in its infancy. To accom- plish this object efifectually, it was not only neces- sary to give to Illinois the port of Chicago and a route for the canal, but a considerable coast on Lake Michigan, with a country back of it suffi- ciently extensive to contain a population capable of exerting a decided influence upon the councils of the state. "There would, therefore, be a large commerce of the north, western and central portion of the state afloat on the lakes for it was then foreseen that the canal would be made ; and this alone 3-' PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. would be like turning one of the many mouths of the Mississippi into Lake iVIichigan at Chicago. A very large commerce of the center and south would be found both upon the lakes and rivers. Associations in business, in interest, and of friend- ship would be formed, both with the north and the south. A state thus situated, having such a decided interest in the commerce, and in the pres- ervation of the whole confederacy, can never con- sent to disunion ; for the Union can not be dis- solved without division and disruption of the state itself. These views, urged by Judge Pope, obtained the unqualified assent of the statesmen of 1818. "These facts and views are worthy to be re- corded in history as a standing and perpetual call upon Illinoisans of every age to remember the great trust which has been reposed in them, as the peculiar champions and guardians of the Union by the great men and patriot sages who adorned and governed this country in the earlier and better days of the republic." During the dark and trying days of the Rebel- lion, well did she remember this sacred trust, to protect which two hundred thousand of her sons went to the bloody field of battle, crowning their arms with the laurels of war, and keeping invio- late the solemn obligations bequeathed to them by their fathers. FIRST CONSTITUTION. In July and August of 1818 a convention was held at Kaskaskia for the purpose of drafting a constitution. This constitution was not submit- ted to a vote of the people for their approval or rejection, it being well known that they would ap- prove it. It was about the first organic law of any state in the Union to abolish imprisonment for debt. The first election under the constitu- tion was held on the third Thursday and the two succeeding days in September, 1818. Shadrach Bond was elected governor, and Pierre Menard lieutenant governor. Their term of office extended four years. At this time the state was divided into fifteen counties, the population being about 40,000. Of this number by far the larger portion were from the southern states. The salary of the governor was $1,000, while that of the treasurer was $500. The legislature re-enacted, verbatim, the territorial code, the penalties of which were unnecessarily severe. Whipping, stocks and pil- lory were used for minor offenses, and for arson, rape, horse-stealing, etc., death by hanging was 'the penalty. These laws, however, were modi- fied in 1821. The legislature first convened at Kaskaskia, the ancient seat of empire for more than one hun- dred and fifty years, both for the French and Americans. Provisions were made, however, for the removal of the seat of government by this legislature. A place in the wilderness on the Kas- kaskia river was selected and named Vandalia. From Vandalia it was removed to Springfield in the year 1837. DERIVATION OF THE NAME ILLINOIS. The name of this beautiful "Prairie State" is derived from Illini, an Indian word signifying su- perior men. It has a French termination, and is a symbol of the manner in which the two races, the French and Indians, were intermixed during the early history of the country. The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhab- itants of the soil, whose prowess in savage war- fare long withstood the combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less savage and relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Illinois were once a powerful con- federacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile region in the great valley of the Mississippi, which their enemies coveted and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of war they were diminished in number and finally destroyed. "Starved Rock," on the Illinois river, according to tradition, commemorates their last tragedy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than surrender. The low cognomen of "Sucker," as applied to Illinoisans, is said to have had its origin at the Galena lead mines. In an early day, when these extensive mines were being worked, men would run up the Mississippi river in steamboats in the spring, work the lead mines, and in the fall re- turn, thus establishing, as was supposed, a simili- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 33 tude between their migratory habits and those of the fishy tribe called "suckers." For this reason the Illinoisans have ever since been distinguished by the epithet "Suckers." Those who stayed at the mines over winter were mostly from Wiscon- sin, and were called "Badgers." One spring the Missourians poured into the mines in such num- bers that the state was said to have taken a puke, and the offensive appellation of "Pukes" was aft- erward applied to all Missourians. The southern part of the state, known as "Egypt," received this appellation because, being older, better settled and cultivated, grain was had in greater abundance than in the central and northern portion, and the immigrants of this re- gion, after the manner of the children of Israel, went "thither to buy and to bring from thence that they might live and not die." STATE BANK. The legislature, during the latter years of terri- torial existence, granted charters to several banks. The result was that paper money became very abundant, times flush, and credit unlimited ; and everybody invested to the utmost limit of his credit, with confident expectation of realizing a handsome advance before the expiration of his credit, from the throng of immigrants then pour- ing into the country. By 1819 it became appar- ent that a day of reckoning would approach be- fore their dreams of fortune could be realized. Banks everywhere began to waver, paper money became depreciated, and gold and silver driven out of the country. The legislature sought to bolster up the times by incorporating the "Bank of Illinois," which, with several branches, was created by the session of 1821. This bank, being wholly supported by the credit of the state, was to issue one, two, three, five, ten and twenty-dol- lar notes. It was the duty of the bank to ad- vance, upon personal property, money to the amount of $100, and a larger amount upon real estate. All taxes and public salaries could be paid in such bills ; and if a creditor refused to take them, he had to wait three years longer be- fore he could collect the debt. The people imag- ined that simply because the government had is- sued the notes, they would remain at par; and although this evidently could not be the case, they were yet so infatuated with their project as actu- ally to request the United States government to receive them in payment for their public lands ! Although there were not wanting men who, like John McLean, the Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives, foresaw the dangers and evils likely to arise from the creation of such a bank, by far the greater part of the people were in favor of it. The new bank was therefore started. The new issue of bills by the bank of course only aggra- vated the evil, heretofore so grievously felt, of the absence of specie, so that the people were soon compelled to cut their bills in halves and quar- ters, in order to make small change in trade. Finally the paper currency so rapidly depreciated that three dollars in these bills were considered worth only one in specie, and the state not only did not increase its revenue, but lost full two- thirds of it, and expended three times the amount required to pay the expenses of the state govern- ment. LA Fayette's visit. In the spring of 1825 the brave and generous LaFayette visited Illinois, accepting the earnest invitation of the general assembly, and an affec- tionately written letter of Governor Cole's, who had formed his personal acquaintance in France in 1817. The general in reply said : "It has been my eager desire, and it is now my earnest inten- tion, to visit the western states, and particularly the state of Illinois. The feelings which your distant welcome could not fail to excite have in- creased that patriotic eagerness to admire on that blessed spot the happy and rapid results of repub- lican institutions, public and domestic virtues. I shall, after the 22d of February (anniversary da}'), leave here for a journey to the southern states, and from New Orleans to the western states, so as to return to Boston on the 14th of June, when the corner-stone of the Bunker Hill monument is to be laid, — a ceremony sacred to the whole Union and in which I have been engaged to act a peculiar and honorable part." General LaFayette and suite, attended by a large delegation of prominent citizens of Mis- 34 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. souri, made a visit by the steamer Natchez to the ancient town of Kaskaskia. No mihtary parade was attempted, but a nnihitude of patriotic citi- zens made him welcome. A reception was held, Governor Cole delivering a glowing- address of welcome. During the progress of a grand ball held that night, a very interesting interview took place between the honored General and an Indian squaw whose father had served under him in the Revolutionary war. The squaw, learning that the great white chief was to be at Kaskaskia on that night, had ridden all da3% from early dawn till sometime in the night, from her distant home, to see the man whose name had been so often on her father's tongue, and with which she was so famil- iar. In identification of her claim to his distin- guished acquaintance, she brought ^vith her an old worn letter which the General had written to her father, and which the Indian chief had pre- served with great care, and finally bequeathed on his death-bed to his daughter as the most precious legacy he had to leave her. By 12 o'clock at night General LaFavette re- turned to his boat and started south. The boat was chartered by the state. PIKE COUNTY. Pike county was established January 31, 1 831, and then had all the territory west of the Illinois river and north to the Wisconsin line. It was named in honor of Hon. Zebulon Montgomerv Pike, an American soldier and explorer. He was born in New Jersey and died near Toronto, Can- ada, in April, 1813. He served in the war of 1812, explored the headwaters of the Mississippi and the interior of the Louisiana territory, was the discoverer of Pike's Peak, whose summit is 14,200 feet above sea level. Pike countv has 756 square miles as it now is and a population in 1900 o^ 31.595. with twenty-four townships, sixteen in- corporated towns and thirty-one towns and villages. GEOLOGY. A large proportion of the upland of Pike county was originally heavily timbered, but there are several small prairies in the central and north- ern portions. It is a well watered county, and the valle\- of the Alississippi is from eight to twelve miles wide, most of it lying on the Illinois side. More than one-fifth of the area of the county lies in this valley. TJie general level of the uplands ma)- be estimated at from 200 to 300 feet above the great water courses, with no very well de- fined water-shed. The soil on the timbered lands is generally a chocolate-colored clay loam, becom- ing- lighter in color on the banks of the streams and in the vicinity of the river bluffs. The geological structure of this county is some- what peculiar, and the strata exposed within its limits comprise the upper part of the Niagara limestone, the whole series of lower carboniferous limestones except the Chester group, and a limited thickness of coal measures, with the usual surface deposits of loess and drift. The most northerly outcrop of Devonian beds is in Calhoun county. The loess and drift measure is 40 to 100 feet in thickness in Pike county, the coal measures twenty to sixty, St. Louis limestone one to thirty, Keokuk group 100 to 125, Burlington limestone 150 to 20D, Kinderhook 100 to 120, and the Niagara limestone one to fiftv. The Niagara limestone is found only in the southwest part of the county, where its main out- crop is at the base of the blufls between Rockport and the south line of the county and for a short distance up Six-Mile creek. It contains a few fossils at the outcrop near Pleasant Hill, among which are trilobites and a few shells. At Mr. Wells' place, northwest quarter section 17, Pleas- ant Hill township, the buff-colored magnesia beds of this group are exposed about ten feet in thick- ness, and the rock has been quarried for building- stone. On the southeast quarter section 8 there is an exposure of about twenty-two feet of this lime- stone, the lower ten feet being a grav, even-bed- ded limestone, and the upper twelve feet a buff- colored n-iagnesian rock, closely resembling the rock from the Grafton quarries. It is the prevail- ing rock at Pleasant Hill, where it forms a lime- stone bench about thirty feet high, above the road, at the base of the bluff's. Two miles north of Pleasant Hill, on a branch of Six-Mile creek, the upper part of this limestone is exposed in the bed of the creek. FIRST COURTHOUSE, 1821 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 37 KINDERHOOK GROUP. One of the best exposures of this group in this county is just above Kinderhook ; whence the name. It is at the point of the bhiff, and com- prises twenty feet of loess, fifteen of Burlington limestone, six of thin-bedded, fine-grained lime- stone, thirty-six of thin-bedded sandstone and sandy shales, and forty feet of clay and sandy shales, partly hidden. Fossil shells are found in the sandstone. This group is also well exposed at Rockport and two miles below Atlas, and some- what exposed at the base of the Illinois river bluffs. Almost everywhere in the county the Bur- lington limestone overlies the group, which de- termines the topographical features of the region also underlaid by the shales and gritstones of the group. BURLINGTON LIMESTONE. This limestone forms the bed rock over fully one-half the uplands. It is from fifty to loo feet in thickness, and its best exposures are among the river bluffs. It is a rather coarse-grained, gray stone, interspersed with brown layers, and is largely composed of the fossilized remains of crinoids and mollusks. In the Mississippi bluff, near the north line of the county, forty feet or more of the lower portion of this limestone is ex- posed, forming the upper escarpment of the bluff, and consisting- of alternate beds of gray and brown limestone, usually in regular and tolerably thick beds. It has fossils, and has been exten- sively quarried on Big Blue creek for building purposes. On the eastern side of the county the most northerly outcrop of this limestone is near Griggsville Landing, where the cherty beds of the upper division of this rock are exposed at the base of the bluff. The outcrop here is about fifty feet thick. It appears about the same at Montezuma, and is seen exposed at points all along these bluffs. It is well exposed on Bay creek, forming the main portion of the bluffs along this stream from near Pittsfield to the southeast corner of the countv. It is the most important of all the lime- stones exposed in this county, both as regards ex- tent of exposure and its economical value. As a building stone it is not equal to the magnesian beds of the Niagara group, as found near Pleas- ant Hill, but IS nevertheless very durable. It can be found over lialf the countv. KEOKUK GROUP. This group lies just above the Burlington lime- stone, and outcrops over a large portion of the northern and northeastern parts of the county, where it is frequently found immediately beneath the coal measures. The St. Louis group, which should properly intervene, was worn away before the coal epoch. It consists of light gray and blu- ish gray cherty limestones at the base, which closely resemble the upper beds of the Burlington limestone. Some of the limestone strata are as crinoidal in their structure as the Burlington, but they are usually more bluish gray in color. There is usually a series of cherty beds, ten to thirty feet in thickness, separating the main limestones of the two groups, which may properly be regarded as transitional. The upper division consists of lime-clay shales and thin-bedded limestones, con- taining geodes lined with crystallized quartz, chalcedony, calcite, dolomite, crystals of zinc blende and iron pyrites. The pyrites is usually in minute crystals implanted on quartz. This division may be seen a mile and a half southeast of Griggsville, and where it first ap- pears beneath the coal measures the geodes are im- bedded in a ferruginous sandstone, which perhaps represents the conglomerate usually lying at the base of the coal measures. This indicates that be- fore or during the fofmation of this conglomerate the shales originally inclosing the geodes were swept away, and the geodes were then enclosed in sand which subsequently hardened. These geode- bearing limestones are exposed near Perry Springs, where the waters derive the mineral in- gredients from these beds. At Chambersburg, the limestones of this group form the bed of Mc- Gee's creek. Other prominent exposures of these limestones are at Griggsville Landing, on Hadley's creek, near Huntley's coal-bank, etc. From this stratum much good building stone has been quar- ried. 38 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ST. LOUIS GROUP. On the banks of McGee's creek only are indica- tions of the presence of this group. The beds ex- posed here consist of brown magnesian Hmestone and shales, twenty to thirty feet thick. A mile and a half northwest of Perry quarries have been opened in these beds, and about three miles north of Perry Springs they are again exposed, overlaid by shale, the whole being about twenty feet in thickness. COAL MEASURES. The coal formation occupies but a limited area in the central and northern portions of this county, tmderlying the whole of New Salem township, and a portion only of the four sur- rounding townships. The thickness does not probably exceed sixty feet. The following are the principal points where coal has been dug in Pike county : Huntley's, northwest cjuarter section 15, Had- ley township ; coal sixteen to twenty-four inches thick, overlaid by about six inches of black shale. Huntley's new bank, northwest quarter section 10, Hadley township ; bed six feet thick, with a parting of clay shale in the middle, about two inches in thickness. The coal in the upper part of this seam is rather soft, and contains consider- able iron bisulphide. The lower division affords a harder and better coal and rests upon a gray fire clay two feet or more in thickness. Three miles east of Barrv coal has been dug on a small branch south of the Philadelphia road ; and a mile further south there is a blue clay shale twenty-five to thirty feet thick exposed along the creek which intersects the river bluffs near New Canton. It contains septaria and tuten-mergel, and closely resembles the shale over the coal at Huntley's mine. From this point the western boundary of the coal measures trends southeastwardly to House- worth's coal bank, two miles and a half north- west of Pittsfield, on northwest quarter section 16, Pittsfield township. Coal about eighteen inches thick, overlaid by about three feet of dark blue shale, passing upward into sandy shale ten feet more. P'our miles west of Griggsville, coal is found on Mr. Dunham's place. It is fourteen to twenty inches thick, overlaid by about two feet of fossil- iferous black shale. This seam of coal outcrops on southeast quarter section 11, same township, and in the ravines between Griggsville and Phila- delphia, via New Salem. A half mile south of Griggsville coal has also been worked, the seam being eighteen to twenty- four inches thick. On Lazarus Ross' place, a mile and a half northwest of Perry Springs, some indications of coal may be seen in the bluffs of the middle fork of McGee's creek. QUATERNARY SYSTEM. A broad belt of alluvial bottom lands, six to twelve miles wide, skirts the whole western bor- der of Pike county. The deposit consists of alter- nations of clay, sand and loam, in quite regular strata, but of variable thickness. The soil is ex- ceedingly fertile, and where they are above high water, they constitute the most productive and valuable lands in the county. A large proportion of this land was originally prairie, but now there are many belts of heavy timber skirting the small streams intersecting these bottoms. On the east side of the county there is very little bottom land from the south line of the county to the north line of Flint township, where it begins to widen, and thence to the north line of the county the Illinois bottoms are two to five miles wide ; but they are too low and wet for cul- tivation. A portion of them is heavily timbered with Cottonwood, sycamore, soft maple, elm, ash, hackberry, honey locust, linden, black walnut, water oak, hickory, etc. LOESS. The river bluffs on both sides of the county are capped with this formation, which ranges from ten to sixty feet or more. It always overlies the drift, where both are present, and hence is of more recent origin. It generally consists of buff or brown marly clays or sands, usually stratified, and often so coherent as to remain in vertical PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 39 walls twenty or thirty feet high when cut through. From seventy-five to eighty per cent of it is silica, ten to fifteen per cent alumina and iron per- oxide, three to four per cent lime, and one to two per cent magnesia. In the vicinity of Chambers- burg the loess is sixty to seventy feet thick. Ev- erywhere it furnishes a light, porous sub-soil, which is admirabljr adapted to the growth of fruit trees, vines and small frviits. In some places it contains a variety of fossil shells which present the usual bleached and water-worn appearance of the dead shells of our ponds and bayous. It also affords a variety of chalky lumps and masses which assume many imitative forms, as of pota- toes and the disks called ''clay-stones" in New England. It also gives origin to the bald knobs so frequently met with along the river bluffs, and is often rounded into natural mounds which have been very generally used by the Indians as burial places. The bones of extinct animals are often found in the marly beds of this formation, along with land and fresh-water shells. DRIFT. This deposit consists of variously colored clays containing gravel and boulders. It underlies the loess, and hence is not visible along the bluffs. In the interior of the county it is often penetrated by well-diggers. It thins out toward the bluffs. At the base of the drift near Barry there is a bed of clean, yellow flint gravel, partially cemented by iron oxide into a ferruginous conglomerate. ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. Pike county has an abundance of building stone. The Niagara limestone near Pleasant Hill furnishes a buff magnesian rock, in very regular beds, fully equal in quality to that of Grafton and Toliet. Part of the stone in the public-school building at Pittsfield was brought from Joliet, while stone just as good and beautiful was out- cropping within ten miles of that town. "A want of the knowledge of this fact," says Mr. Worthen, "has probably cost the citizens of Pike county far more than their proportion of the entire cost of the geological survey of Illinois." 3 The Ijurlington limestone, which outcrops over a wide area in this county, will furnish an unlim- ited supply of excellent building stone. It is probably not less than 150 feet thick. The more flinty portions are the best material for macad- amizing roads. Near Montezuma is a ten-foot bed of excellent dimension stone. Similar beds are exposed on Big Blue creek four miles south- east of Pittsfield, where they are forty feet thick, containing masses two to four feet in thickness. On the west side of the county it forms an almost continuous outcrop, ten to forty feet thick, along the river bluffs ; and on the east side of the county it also forms a continuous outcrop in the bluffs from Griggsville Landing south. The lower portion of the Keokuk limestone is fully as useful as the preceding. Excellent quar- ries are worked two miles north of Griggsville on the south fork of McGee's creek. The stone is composed almost entirely of the joints and plates of crinoids, cemented together by a calcareous paste. The St. Louis group, although limited in ex- tent, furnishes some good building stone, mostly found in Perry township and vicinity, as already described. The coal deposits in this county are all, except at Huntley's place, too thin for profitable work- ing. Where surface "stripping," however, can be done, it pays to mine the thinner deposits. Huntley's is probably a local deposit, a "pocket," which will soon be exhausted. No mineral ore, except a little iron, has been found in Pike county. The Burlington and Keokuk groups furnish the best of material for quick-lime. The St. Louis group, which is generally preferred, is very limited. Good hydraulic limestone for cement can be obtained from the Kinderhook group. Fire clay, which usually underlies the coal, can be mined with coal to advantage. The brown clays of the drift and the loess furnish superior material for brick. For marble the bed of oolitic conglomerate of the Kinderhook group at Rockport furnishes a stone capable of a fine polish and makes a beauti- ful variegated marble ; but the bed, so far as ex- 40 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. amined, is rather thin for profitable working. Some of the sub-crystalhne beds of the Burhng- ton limestone also receive a high polish and make a fine ornamental stone. The Perry mineral springs, three in number, is- sue from the upper part of the Keokuk limestone which underlies the valley and outcrops along the bluflis. The principal ingredients of the water here are the bi-carbonates of lime and magnesia, the silicate of potash and soda and the carbonate of potash. For further account of these springs see history of Perry township in this volume. There are a few small caves in Pike county, two near Barry, into one of which one can enter a distance of 550 feet and the other 400 feet. In early day panthers were known to inhabit these caves. In Pearl township, on land owned by Judge Atkinson, the railroad employes of the Chicago & Alton Company were blasting rock in 1871 or 1872, when they discovered a small cave in which were found lime carbonate drippings in the form of stalagmites and stalactites. Many of these are of imitative forms and can be imagined to be petrified human beings or aniamls. An ex- aggerated account of this cave was published in the Pittsfield papers at the time, which led many people to believe something wonderful was found at the place. ARCHAEOLOGY. Perhaps no district of country in the west con- tains more traces of that pre-historic people known to us only as the "Mound Builders" than the district between the Illinois and the Missis- sippi rivers. There is scarcely a township of land in this section which does not contain more or less of these traces, and in some of them are works which in extent and character will compare with any in the west. The mounds in this county are evidentlv of three classes : sacred mounds, which were used for the sacrificial fires ; burial mounds, which were erected over the last remains of important personages ; and mounds which were used for domestic habitations. These were probably resi- dences similar to those of some tribes of our pres- ent Indians. First, poles or logs set up in a cir- cle, then covered with brush or grass, and the whole with earth to a considerable extent. The sacrificial mounds always contained burnt earth, burnt bones, and frequently, too, the charred bones of human beings. In the burial mounds onlv the bones of a few persons are found, prob- ably of some chief and his immediate family, and usually near them are utensils of the kitchen, ar- rows, pottery, and such other articles as were most prized in life by the departed. In some localities immense shell-heaps exist, while it is not uncommon to find in the mounds shells from the sea, notably the conch-shell and sea-periwinkles, the latter very common. Imple- ments of both hardened copper and copper in a soft state are often found, and a metal resembling iron in texture and color, but hard enough to cut glass and which resists the action of almost all the acids. That these mounds were not erected by the same race as our present Indians is at once apparent from the bones of the latter being of a reddish hue, while those of the Mound Builders are of a dift'erent shade and much larger. It is ovu" opinion that the Mound Builders were a pastoral people, who had made considerable progress in civilization. In the winter, doubtless, they drove their flocks and herds to the bluffs and rich, sheltered bottoms where they could obtain shelter, and in the summer they drove them to the prairies for pasturage. Doubtless, like the Chi- nese of to-day, they esteemed their native hills sacred and sought to be buried- there, no matter where the iron hand of death overtook them ; and their friends, respecting this desire, were in the habit of bringing the bones of each family or tribe to these sacred burial places, after the}' had been stripped of their flesh, for permanent burial. Perhaps some future archaeologist will delve among these ruins and find a key to the mystery of the Builders, of whom we to-day know next to nothing ; and unless some means are taken by the government or societies organized for the pur- pose, and these measures at no distant day, they will have become so far obliterated by the plow and by unskilled diggers that the slight clues they contain will be buried in oblivion greater than now enshrouds the history of their builders. A few years ago some of the prominent gentle- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 41 men of Pike county interested themselves in or- ganizing an "Archseological Society," but of late the interest seems to have abated very perceptibly, and the Society so enthusiastically organized can now scarcely be said to be in existence. The gentlemen proposing to organize an "Anti- quarian Society" met at the court-house in Pitts- field, May 24, 1873, when Dr. T. Worthington was called to the chair and R. H. Criswell ap- pointed secretary. They organized the "Pike County Antiquarian Societ)'," and the permanent officers elected at this meeting were, president, Wm. A. Grimshaw; vice presidents, Wm. McAd- ams, Esq., Dr. E. S. Hull, of Madison county. Capt. W. I-I. Reed, of Calhoun, Dr. T. Worthing- ton, of Pike, Dr. A. ^littower, of Pike, Richard Perry, of Pike, H. J. Harris, of Pike, C. L. Obst, of Pittsfield, archaeological artist ; Dr. Thomas Alton, secretary ; William R. Archer, treasurer. W. B. Grimes, Dr. Mittower and C. L. Obst were appointed a committee to solicit contribu- tions to the cabinet of the Society, and invite the exhibition of such relics as owners are unwilling to part from, the object being to obtain possession of evidences and traces of the people of antiquity, their implements and usages as far as practicable. A letter was read before, the Society from Mr. McAdams, of Waterville, Jersey county, May 18, 1873, as follows: 'T see in the papers a call for a meeting in Pittsfield on the 24th inst., to organize a society with a view of further investigation and more per- fect knowledge of relics and ancient remains near the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. I have for the last fifteen years, during my leisure hours, been making some investigations of the mounds and tumuli of Jersey and Calhoun counties. There is not perhaps in all the west a section richer or more interesting in its great number of relics of an al- most unknown race of people who once inhabited this country. No thorough investigation has been made. Already many of them have been de- stroyed by the cultivation of new fields. Before many years the majority of them will be obliter- ated, or so defaced that the original plan of con- struction will be lost. There should be a society like the one you propose to organize, not only for the purpose of investigation but also for the purpose of making some record of their work. Comparatively little is known of the mounds of Jersey and Calhoun, although I have visited many of them and collected quite a number of inter- esting relics. Yours truly, "Wm. McAdams." The second week in June, 1873, the society made an excursion to the southern part of the county and spent several days among the numerous mounds in that locality, where they found many relics of the aborigines, among which were arrow heads, fish spears, stone knives and hatchets, earthen vessels of various kinds, copper kettles, stone pipes, shell and copper beads, silver ear- rings, silver buckles, etc. Nearly all these arti- cles were found imbedded in the mounds with human bones, pieces of pottery, etc., generally at a depth of about three feet below the surface. In some cases stone vaults containing bones and other relics were discovered a few feet beneath the sur- face. The members of the Society who went on that excursion say they had a most enjoyable trip and consider themselves well repaid for their trouble. In the summer of 1873, Col. D. B. Bush pre- sented to the Society for its museum Indian trap- pings of great value. Thomas James, of Martins- burg, presented a large lot of beautiful beads and amulets from the Big Mound of Sacramento Val- ley, California ; also, moss, peat, cinnabar and Chi- nese corn, etc., — all from California. Col. S. S. Thomas presented a rare and beautiful specimen of coquine and concrete shells from St. Augus- tine, Fla. In September of the same year, Col. A. C. Matthews contributed to the museum one beaked saw-fish (Pristis) from Matagorda Isl- and, Texas ; autograph letter of Henry Clay, dated October 5. 1829, Ashland, Ky. ; pass of Gen. S. B. Buckner, C. S. A. ; one copy of armv correspondence ; also coin and fossils. George H. French presented a stone mortar from Pilot Bluff, Illinois river : E. N. French, specimens of columnar limestone ; Hon. J. M. Bush presented one copy of the Massachusetts Centennial, pub- lished at Boston, September 5, 1789, about four months after the inauguration of President Wash- ington ; Hon. W. A. Grimshaw presented books as follows : American volume, Ancient Armeca ; 4- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Lines of Humboldt ; two volumes of Smithsonian Institute Reports, i865-'6; two volumes of His- tory of Wiseonsin ; stone and flint implements, l3onc needle and specimens of pottery. Patrick Halpin presented specimens of American and Italian marble. In December iMr. R. Perry contributed speci- mens of silicious and ferruginous conglomerate ; Dr. A. McFarland, a very nice human skeleton, five bottles containing in alcohol specimens of ophidian, all indigenous to Pike county, and also one containing tjenia ; Thomas Williams, seven beautiful flint implements ; and N. AY. Kibler, a very large tooth of a pach}xlerm. February 21, 1874, George Bell, Thomas Bloomer, Hiram Horton and G. S. Pennington found remains of five human skeletons in the Mississippi bluffs on the farm of Mrs. L. B. Lyon at the mouth of Dutch creek hollow. One skull measured twenty-six inches from the top of the cranium around under the lower jaw. In- deed, many more skeletons are in these bluffs. Several wagon-loads of rock had been thrown over these remains. The heads appeared to be laid toward a common center of about three feet space. One skull contained a rock wdiich had doubtless been thrown there when the remains w^ere buried. The bones were very brittle and difficult to secure in their intirety from among the roots. There are seven of the mounds in ]\Ir. Horton's field, in a semi-circle, all containing human remains. Also a species of pottery has been found there. In the southeast part of Pearl township about a mile from the Illinois river two copper A'cssels w'cre once found, one smaller than the other, un- der some flat stones \\-hich had been plowed up, and a little lower down stone coffins were found in a field where they had been plowing ; but these "remains" \\'ere prol)abI\- left there 1)\' early French cx])lorers. -Mr. C. L. Obst, photogra|)her in Pittsfield, who is a fine archaeologist and the ^-irtual founder of the "Pike County :\nti(;|uarian Societ^^'' has a splendid collection ; nameh', 100 varieties of flint implements, four varieties of stone hatchets, four of wedges, varieties of stone disks of various ma- terials, as iron ore, sandstone, crranite and green- stone, four \-arieties of plummets, mostly iron ore, two of hannners, pestles, round stone for clubs, eight kinds of pipes, iron ore and greenstone chis- els, plowshares and hoes, a large variety of pot- tery and mortars, bone of the pre-historic bison, sinkers, wei,n:hts, etc. Mr. Obst has also a good collection of geological specimens. The museum of the society is in the Public Li- brary room over the postoffice in Pittsfield, but the association is not active at present and their collection of relics seems neglected. ORGANIC HISTORY. THE illLITARY TRACT. At the close of the war between the United States and England in 1812 our government laid off a tract of land in Illinois for the soldiers who participated in that war. The land thus appro- priated was embraced in the region between the Mississippi and the Illinois rivers, and south of the north line of Mercer county. Its northern boundary, therefore, ran east to Peru on the Illi- nois river, and a little south of the middle of Bu- reau and Henry counties. To it the name "i\Iili- tary Tract" was given, and by that name this sec- tion is still known. Within this boundary is em- braced one of the most fertile regions of the globe. Scarcely had Congress made the profier provisions to enable the soldiers to secure their land ere a few of the most daring and resolute started to possess it. There were only a few, how- ever, who at first regarded their "quarter-section" of sufficient value to induce them to endure the hardships of the pioneer in its settlement and im- provement. Alany of them sold their patent to a fine "prairie quarter" in this county for one hun- dred dollars, others for less, while some traded theirs for a horse, a cow, or a watch, regarding themselves as just so much ahead. It is said that an old shoemaker of New York city bought sev- eral as fine t|uarters of land as are in Pike county with a pair of shoes. He w-ould make a pair of shoes for which the soldier would deed him his "patent quarter" of land. This was a source of no little trouble to the actual settlers, for they could not always tell which quarter of land be- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 43 longed to a soldier, or which was "Congress land" and could be pre-empted. Even when a settler found a suitable location known to be "patent land," with a desire to purchase, he ex- perienced great difficulty in finding the owner, and often did not find him until he had put hun- dred of dollars' worth of improvements on it, when the patentee was sure to turn up. Many of the early settlers presumed that the owner never would be known ; but in many instances, after a patent quarter-section was made valuable by im- provement, the original patent would be brought on by some one, who would oust the occupant and take possession, sometimes paying him something for his improvments and sometimes not. Many holders of patents had no pity. This condition of affairs presented a temptation to merciless "land- sharks," who would' come into this section and work up cases, ostensibly for the original paten- tees, but really for their own pockets. The most notorious of these was one Toliver Craig, who actually made it a business to forge patents and deeds. This he carried on extensively from 1847 to 1854, especially in Knox and Fulton counties, and to some extent in Pike. He had forty bogus deeds put on record in one day at Knoxville. He was arrested in New York state, in 1854, by O. M. Boggess, of Monmouth, and taken to the jail at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he attempted suicide by arsenic ; but at the end of the year he was re- leased on bail. PIKE COUNTY. As a part of the Territory of Illinois in 1790 all that portion of Illinois south of what is now Peoria was made a county and named St. Clair, in honor of General St. Clair, Governor of the Northwestern Territory. Cahokia was the county seat of this county. In 1812 that part of Illi- nois Territory above St. Louis, was created into a county called Madison, with Edwardsville as the county seat. Illinois was admitted as a State in 1818, and in 1821 all that part of Madison county between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers was organized into a county and named Pike. Its name was chosen in honor of General Pike of the war of 1812. The tract of country now known as Pike count}' was surveyed by the government in the years 1817-Q, and soon afterward attracted at- tention on account of its natural advantages for commerce, fertility of soil and abundance of wa- ter. It is the oldest county in the Military Tract, and one of the largest, containing 510,764 acres, or 800 square miles, in 23 townships. The fol- lowing is a copy of the act organizing the county ; An act to form a new county of the bounty lands.' Approved January 31, 182 1. Section i. Be it enacted, etc., that all that tract of country within the following boundaries, to- wit : Beginning at the mouth of the Illinois river and running thence up the middle of said river to the fork of the same, thence up to the south fork of said river until it strikes the State line of Indiana, thence north with said line to the north boundary line of this State, thence west with said line to the west boundary line of this State, and thence with said line to the place of beginning, shall constitute a separate county to be called Pike. Sec. 3. Be it further enacted that there shall be appointed the following persons, to-wit : Levi Roberts, John Shaw and Nicholas Hanson, to meet at the house of Levi Roberts, in said county, on or before the first day of March next, to fix the temporary seat of justice of said county, the said justice to be south of the base line of said county. Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, etc., that the citizens of Pike county be hereby declared en- titled in all respects to the same rights and privi- leges that are allowed in general to other counties in the State. Sec. 4. Be it further enacted, etc., that said county of Pike be and form a part of the first ju- dicial circuit. This act to take efifect and be in force from and after its passage. COUNTY SEAT LOCATED. The following act was passed at the next ses- sion of the Legislature : An act defining the boundaries of Pike county, and for other purposes. Approved December 30, 1822. Section i. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois represented in the General As- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUN PY. sembl)-, that the county of Pike shall be bounded as follows, to-wit : On the north by the base line ; on- the east by the Illinois river ; on the west by the Mississippi ; and all the rest and residue of the territory, composing the county of Pike before the passage of this act, shall be attached to, and be a part of, said county until otherwise disposed of by the General Assembly of this State. Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, etc., for the purpose of fixing the permanent seat of justice of said county, the following persons be and the same are hereby appointed commissioners, to-wit : Garrett Van Dusen, Ossian AI. Ross, John M. Smith, Daniel Ford and Daniel Shinn, who, after being duly sworn by some judge or justice of the peace of this State, faithfully and impartially to discharge the duties imposed upon them by this act, shall meet at the house of John Shaw, in said county, on or before the first day of ^larch next, and proceed to determine on the permanent seat of justice of said county, and desig'natc the same taking into consideration the condition and con- venience of the people, the future population of the count}', and the health and eligibility of the place : and they are hereb>" authorized to receive as a donation for the use of said county anv quan- tity of land that ma)- be determined on by them, from any proprietor that ma)- choose to offer such donation of land ; which place, so fixed and de- termined upon, the said commissioners shall cer- tify, under their hands and seals, and return the same to the next Commissioners of the Court in said county, which shall cause an entry thereof to be made upon their books of record. Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, etc., that the said commissioners shall receive as a compensa- tion for their service, the sum of two dollars per day for each day by them necessarily spent in dis- charging the duties imposed upon them hv this act to be allowed by the Commissioners of the Court, and paid out of the county treasur)^ Pursuant to that portion of the abo^-e act as re- lating to locating the count)- seat, the commis- sioners made their report to the Cnmity Commis- sioners at their March term of court, 182^5, and presented the court with a deed fnim William Ross and Rufus l'.n-)wn for an acre of land upon section 27, Atlas township. COUNTIES CUT FROM PIKE. When Pike county was organized it embraced all of that country between the Illinois and Mis- sissippi rivers, and extended east along the line of the main fork of the Illinois, the Kankakee river, to the Indiana State line, and on to the northern boundary of the State, including the countr)- where Rock Island, Galena, Peoria and Chicago now are. It was indeed a large county, and embraced what is now the wealthiest and most populous portion of the Great West. The extensive lead mines of Galena had not yet been discovered, and Chicago was only a trading and military post. The commissioners of Pike count)^, as \\ill be noticed in the following chapter, ex- ercised full authority, so far as the duties of their respective offices -\vere concerned, over all this vast region. Settlers soon began to locate here and there in the Alilitary Tract. Two years had scarcely passed ere the few settlers east of the fourth principal meridian and north of the base line desired a county, and appealed to the Legislature for power to organize one. Clssian M. Ross, the founder of Lcwistown, luilton county, and one of the prime nio\-ers in the organization of that county, was at that time a member of the County Commis- sioners' Court of Pike county. The following is an abstract of the act referred to : An act approved Janunary 28, 1823, forming the county of Fulton out of all the attached part of Pike, beginning where the fourth principal meridian intersects the Illinois river, thence up the middle of said river to where the line between ranges five and six east strikes the said river, thence north with the said line between ranges five and six east, to the township line between townships nine and ten north, then west with said lint to the fourth principal meridian, then south to the place of beginning; and all the rest and resi- due of the attached part of the county of Pike east of the fourth ])rincipal meridian shall be attached to Fulton colmt^-. January 13, 1825, Schuyler county was cut off fron-i Pike and Fulton, and included all that coun- tr)- within the following boundaries; "Com- mencing at a place where the township line be- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 45 tween townships two and three south touches the lUinois river, thence west on said hue to the range Hne between ranges four and five west, thence north from said hne to the northwest corner of township three north, range one west, tiience east on said township hne to the Ihinois river, thence down the said river to the place of beginning." The same year an act was passed forming new counties. Those formed were Adams, Hancock, McDonough, Warren, Mercer, Henry, Putnam and Knox. Tlieir boundaries were fixed by the act of January 30, 1825. Calhoun county was cut off from Pike county and organized in 1825. GENERAL REVIEW. No whites . settled north of Alton for agricul- tural purposes prior to 1819. During that year and the next three there was a sufficient number of settlers to organize a county. Accordingly the Legislature of 1 820-1, as above seen, organized the county of Pike, which then included all of the State of Illinois between the Illinois and Missis- sippi rivers. The county seat was first fixed at Coles' Grove, adjoining the locality of Gilead, afterward the county seat of Calhoun county. This place was named after Edward Coles, Gov- ernor of Illinois. We copy the following topographical sketch of Pike county from "Peck's Illinois Gazeteer," pub- lished in 1834, as giving an idea of the county at that early date : "Pike county is the oldest county in the Mili- tary Tract, and was erected from Madison and other counties in 1821. It then embraced the whole countrv northwest of the Illinois river, but by subsequent formation of new counties it is now reduced to ordinary size, containing twenty- two townships, or about 800 square miles. It is bounded north by Adams, east by Schuyler and the Illinois river, south by that river and Cal- houn, and west by the Mississippi. Besides the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, which wash two sides, it has the Sny Carte slough, running the whole length of its western border, Avhich floats steamboats to Atlas at a full stage of water. Pike county is watered b\' the Pigeon, Hadley, Keyes, Black, Dutch Church, Six-Mile and Bay creeks. which flow into the Mississippi ; and Big and Lit- tle Blue, and the North and West Forks of Mc- Gee's creek, which enter into the Illinois. Good mill sites are furnished by these streams. "The land is various. The section of country, or rather island, between the Sn)- Carte slough and the Mississippi, is a sandy soil, but mostly inundated land at the spring flood. It furnishes a great summer and winter range for stock, afford- ing considerable open prairie, with skirts of heavx' bottom timber near the streams. Along the bluffs and for two or three miles back the land is chiefly timbered, but cut up with ravines and quite roll- ing. Far in the interior and toward Schuyler county excellent prairie and timber lands are found, especially about the Blue rivers and ]McGee's creek. This must eventually be a rich and populous county. "In Pleasant Vale, on Keyes creek, is a salt spring twenty feet in diameter, which boils from the earth and throws off a stream of some size, and forms a salt pond in its vicinity. Salt has been made here, though not in great c[uantities. "In the county are seven water saw mills, four grist mills, one carding machine, five stores, and a horse ferryboat across the ]\Iississippi to Louisiana." II.VNSOX -\ND STI.VW. The State constitution, adopted on the admis- sion of Illinois into the Union in 1818, prohibited slaverv in this State. Owing to this fact many of the earh' immigrants coming west, who were from the slave States of Virginia and Kentucky, passed right through this garden of Eden into ^Missouri. An effort was made, therefore, to so amend the constitution as to permit slavery in this State that it might be more attractive to settlers, and the sequel showed that Illinois had a narrow escape from the dreadfifl evils of slavery. When the necessary preliminary resolution was offered in the Senate it was ascertained that the requisite two-thirrls vote to pass the resolution for the call of a convention to amend the constitution could be obtained and to spare; but in the House they needed one vote. At first it was strenuously argued that the two-thirds vote meant two-thirds of the two Houses in joint convention ; but the -46 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. opponents were too powerfnl in their argument upon this point. The majority, however, was not to be foiled in tlieir purpose. Another mode pre- sented itself ; all that was required was courage to perpetrate a gross outrage on a recalcitrant member. There had been a contested election case from Pike county. The sitting- member decided by the House to be entitled to the seat was Nicho- las Hanson, and the contestant, John Shaw, the "Black Prince." Hanson's vote had been obtained for the re-election of Jesse B. Thomas, strongly pro-slavery, to the United States Senate ; but further than this he would not go. Shaw, who favored the convention project, was now dis- covered to be entitled to the seat. A motion was thereupon made to reconsider the admission of Hanson, which pervailed. It was next further moved to strike out the name of Hanson and insert that of Shaw. During the pendency of the resolution a tumultuous crowd assembled in the evening at the State house, and after the delivery of a number of incendiary speeches, inflaming the minds of the people against Hanson, they pro- ceeded through the town (Vandalia) with his ef- figy in a blaze, accompanied with the beating of drums, the sound of bugles, and shouts of "Con- vention or death." A motion to expel Hanson and admit Shaw was adopted, and the later awarded the majority by voting for the conven- tion resolution, which thus barely passed. The night following, a number of members of both Houses entered the solemn protest against this glaring outrage of unseating Hanson, both with the object intended and the manner of perpetrat- ing it. Many reflecting men, earnest in their sup- port of the convention question, condemned it, and it proved a powerful lever before the people in the defeat of the slavery scheme. The passage of the convention resolution was regarded as tan- tamount to its carriage at the polls. The pro-slavery party celebrated their triumph by an illumination of the town, and the procession, accompanied by all the horrid paraphernalia and discordant music of a charivari, marched to the residence of Governor Coles, and the quarters of the chief opponents of the measure, where they performed with their demoniac music to annoy and insult them. The convention resolution was finally defeated by 1, 800 majority at the polls. It is thus seen how Pike county gave the casting vote on the slavery question in this State in 1820. MARQUETTE COUNTY. The counties now bounding Pike county on the north are Adams and Brown; but in 1841 there was a county struck off from the east side of Adams and called Marquette. Columbus, being more centrally located in Adams county, became ambitious for the county seat, but as Ouincy was too powerful against this project, the eastern por- tion of Adams county was struck off by an act of the Legislature in order that the ambition of , Columbus might be satisfied and become a county seat. No attempt was made to organize the county until 1846, when Ouincy again proved too power- ful for them, and the following Legislature re- pealed the act defining the boundaries of the county. COUNTY SEAT CONTEST. In 1842-3 an effort was made to divide the county, the new county seat to be at Barry. Dr. Thomas Worthington was a member of the State Senate, and William Blair of the House, each rep- resenting the interests of his section of the county. The bill introduced by Mr. Blair proposed to di- vide the county by a line running north and south through its extent : but, after the presentation of many petitions and remonstrances, and a period of considerable excitement, the bill failed to pass the House. In 1850 the county was divided into nineteen townships, and organized under the township organization law of the constitution of 1848. Under this mode the countv is at present conducted. And that was the end of this little fight. The county remains, therefore, to the pres- ent day as it was outlined by the Legislature of 1825. In the fall of 1846 the effort was renewed. Meetings were held in various parts of the county and speeches were made on both sides of the ques- tion : but public interest soon died down. In 1893 another effort was made to move the county capital to Barry, but at the election in No- ven-iber, 1893, the voters decided to leave it at Pittsfield. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 47 FIRST AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. Coming on down through the years for over a century, we wish to speak of the first American settlements in the State, as an introductory to the more immediate history of the original Pike county. The first settlement made within the borders of the great State of Illinois by citizens of the United States was in 1784, when a few families from Virginia founded a small colony or settlement near Bellefontaine, in Monroe county. The next American settlement was made in St. Clair county, two of which were made prior to the year 1800. The first American settlers in Illinois were chiefly from Kentucky, Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Tennessee and some from Mary- land. Some of these had served with General Clark, who conquered the country from the British . in 1778. This whole people did not number more than 12,000 in 1812, but with the aid of one com- pany of regular soldiers defended themselves and their settlements against the numerous and power- ful nations of Kickapoos, Sacs, Foxes, Pottawato- mies and Shawnees, and even made hostile expe- dition into the heart of their country, burning their villages and defeating and driving them from the territory. When the State was admitted in 1818 the set- tlements extended a little north of Edwardsville and Alton ; south along the Mississippi to the mouth of the Ohio ; east in the direction of Car- lyie to Wabash, and down the Wabash and Ohio to the conjunction of the Ohio and Mississippi. Such was the extent of the settlement in Illinois when the Territory was clothed with State honors. There were but fifteen organized counties rep- resented in the convention to frame the first con- stitution. These were St. Clair, Randolph, Madi- son, Gallatin, Johnson, Edwards, White, Mon- roe, Pope, Jackson, Crawford, Bond, Union Washington and Franklin. The last three were the youngest counties and were formed in 181 8. ORIGINAL PIKE COUNTY. Pike county was the first or second county or- ganized after the State was admitted into the Union. It was erected January 31, 182 1, and in- cluded all of the territory west and north of the Illinois river, and its south fork, now the Kanka- kee river. At the first election in Pike county af- ter its organization only thirty-five votes were polled, even though it did extend over the entire northern part of the State, and out of which more than fifty counties have since been organized. A "Gazeteer of Illinois and Wisconsin," pub- lished about 1822, says that the county "included a part of the lands appropriated by Congress for the payment of military bounties. The lands con- stituting that tract are included within a penin- sula of the Illinois and the Mississippi, and ex- tend on the meridian line (4th), passing through the mouth of the Illinois, 162 miles north. Pike county will no doubt be divided into several counties ; some of which will become very wealthy and important. It is probable that the section about Fort Clark (now Peoria) will be the most thickly settled. On the Mississippi river, above Rock river, lead ore is found in abundance. Pike county contains between 700 and 800 inhabitants. It is attached to the first judicial circuit, sends one member to the House of Representatives, and, with Greene, one to the Senate. The county seat is Coles' Grove, a post town. It was laid out in 1821, and is situated in township 11 south, in range 2 west of the fourth principal meridian ; very little improvement has yet been made in this place or vicinity. The situation is high and healthy and bids fair to become a place of some importance." Thus the historian of three-score years ago speaks of Pike county as it was in its original magnitude and wildness. How changed is the face of the country since then ! Who could have foretold its future greatness with any degree of knowledge or certainty ! We deem it within the province of this work to speak of the earliest settlement of all this vast region. Much of it was settled prior to that por- tion contained within the present boundaries of the county, and as it was for many years a part of Pike county it is proper we should refer to it, briefly at least. The earliest history and the first occupation of the original Pike county are enshrouded in almost PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. impenetrable obscurity. After the lapse of more than three-quarters of a century, the almost total absence of records, and the fact that the whites who visited or lived in this region prior to 1820 are all dead, render it impossible now to deter- mine with an)' degree of certainty the name of him who is entitled to the honor of being recorded as "first settler." Perhaps the first man who so- journed within the Aliltary Tract, lived in what is now Calhoun county. He went there about 1801, and lived for years before any other settler came, and remained alone and unknown for a long time after the first pioneers moved into that section. His home was a cave dug out by himself, and was about a quarter of a mile from the Mississippi river. In 1850 the boards of his cave floor were dug up and the ground leveled. Who he was or where he came from was known onh* to himself, for he refused all intercourse with the settlers. LOG CABINS. We shall, in this chapter, give as clear and exact a description of pioneer life in this count)' as we can find language to picture it in, com- mencing with the time the sturdy settlers first arrived with their scanty stores. They had mi- grated from older States, where the prospects for even a competency were very poor, many of them coming front Kentucky, for, it is supposed thev found that a good .State to emigrate from. Their entire stock of furniture, implements and family necessities were easily stored in one wagon, and sometimes a cart was their only vehicle. As the first thing after they arrived and found a suitable location, they would set about the build- ing of a log cabin, a description of which may be interesting to the younger readers, and especiallv their descendants, who ma)' never see a structure . of the kind. Trees of xuiiform size were selected and cut into pieces of the desired length, each end being saddled and ncitched so as to liring the logs as near together as possilile. "]lie cracks were "chinked and daubed" to prevent the wind fr('im ^\■histlil'lg through. This had tn he renewed ca'- ery fall befoi-f cold weather ^et in. The usual heig'ht was one stnr\' of al)Out se\'en or eight feet. The gables were made of lops Li'radually short- ened up to the top. The roof was made by laying small logs or stout poles reaching from gable to gable, suitable distances apart, on which were laid the clapboards after the manner of shingling, showing two feet or more to the weather. The clapboards were fastened by laying across them heavy poles called "weight poles," reaching from one gable to the other, being kept apart and in their place Ijy laying pieces of timber between them called "runs" or "knees." .-V wide chimney ]ilace was cut out of one end of the cabin, the chimnev standing entirely outside and built of rived sticks laid up cob-house fashion and filled with clay or built of stone, often using two or three cords of stone in building one chimney. For a window, a piece about two feet long was cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed, sometimes with glass, but oftener with greased paper pasted over it. A doorway was also cut through one of the walls, and the door was made of spliced clapboards and hung with wooden hinges. This was opened by pulling a leather latch-string which raised a wooden latch inside the door. For security at night this latch-string was pulled in, but for friends and neighbors, and even strangers, the "latch-string was always hanging out," as a wel- come. In the interior, upon one side, was the huge fireplace, large enough to contain a back log as big as the strongest man could carry, and holding enough wood to supply an ordinary stove a week ; on either side were poles and kettles, and over all a mantel on which was placed the tallow dip. In one corner stood the larger bed for the old folks, under this the trundle bed for the children ; in another corner stood the old-fashioned, large spinning wheel, with a smaller one by its side; in another the pine table, around which the family gathered to partake of their plain food ; over the di!or hung the ever-trustful rifle and powder horn; Avhile around the room were scattered a few splint bottomed chairs and three-legged stools ; in one ciirner was a rude clipboard holding the table- ware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers and blue-edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to make the display of t'lblo furniture nmre conspicuous. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 49 and true-hearted people. There were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler, seeking lodgings for the night or desirous of spending a few days in the commvmity, if willing to accept the rude offering, was alwa)'S welcome, although how they were disposed of at night the reader may not eas- ily imagine ; for, as described, a single room was made to serve the purpose of kitchen, dining room, sitting room, bedroom and parlor, and many families consisted of six or eight members. .STATE IMPROVEMENT.S. The celebrated internal improvement system inaugurated by the State in 1836-7 did not give Pike county any railroads or canals, or even promise any : but an appropriation of several thousand dollars' was made, which was economic- ally expended in the improvement of highways. Commissioners were appointed, men were hired to superintend the work, and wagon roads were made evener or improved from Quincy through the northeastern part of the county, from Pitts- field to Florence, and one from Griggsville to the Illinois river. These works were completed, how- ever, by county and township aid. ORIGIN OF NAMES OF CREEKS. McCranev's creek, formerly called "McDon- ald's creek," by the government survey, was so named after JMcCraney, who was the first settler vipon its banks. He was a man of great endur- ance and a skillful sportsman. One day he chased down a gray wolf with his horse, when he placed one foot upon the animal's neck and with the other succeeded in breaking his legs so that he could get something with which to completely dispatch him. Hadley creek was named after Col. Levi Had- ley, an early settler. Dutch Church creek was named after a rocky bluff near its bank which is supposed to resemble an old Dutch church in the city of Albany, N. Y. Keyes creek was named after Willard Keyes. Ambrosia creek was named from the purity of its waters. Two-Mile creek was named from its crossing the blufl: two miles from Atlas. Six-Mile creek is six miles below Atlas. Bay creek was so called from the bay into which it runs. FIRST THINGS IN PIKE COUNTY. The first settler in Pike county was Ebenezer Franklin, who also cut the first tree and built the first log cabin in 1820. The first white female person born in the county was Nancy, daughter of Col. William Ross, at Atlas, May i, 1822, ^vho died November 18, the same year. Marcellus Ross, now living one mile east of Pittsfield, was the second white male child born in Pike county. The first death in the county was that of Clar- endon Ross, at Atlas. Daniel Shinn brought the first wagon into the county in 1820. Col. Benjamin Barne)- was the first blacksmith in the county, erecting his shop at Atlas in 1826. He also burned the first coal in the county, it hav- ing been shipped from Pittsburg, Pa. Tames Ross brought and used the first grain cradle here, in 1828. James Ross also equipped and ran the first turner's lathe and cabinet shop at Atlas, in 1828. Col. William Ross built the first brick house in the county, at Atlas, in 1821. He also erected the first store building at Atlas in 1826, and also the first grist mill, a band mill at Atlas about the same time. Fielding Hanks was the first to follow tanning in Pike county. The first Circuit Court was held at Coles' Grove, October i, 1821. The first court at Atlas was held "on the first Thursday after the fourth Monday in April," which would be May i, 1823. The first courthouse within the present limits of Pike county was built at Atlas in 1824. The first jail was erected at Atlas in 1824. The first school was taught at .\tlas by John Jav Ross in 1822. The first church was organized in the Ross 50 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. family at Atlas prior to 1830. It was Congre- gational. The first church building in Pittsfield was the Congregational, and built b)- Colonel Ross. Captain Hale, a Baptist minister, probably or- ganized the first Ijaptist church in Pike county. The first librarA' was founrled at Atlas, about 1833-4. The first Fourth of Jul)- celebration was held at Atlas in 1823. The first political meeting was held in Monte- zuma township in 1834, when Colonel Ross, who was running for the Legislature, made a speech. About fifty voters were present, besides boys. No nominations or appointments were made. The first whisky distilled in the county was manufactured by Mr. Milhizer in 1826. The first wheat was raised by Colonel Ross and Mr. Seeley near Atlas, which was also the first ground in Pike county and made into bis- cuit. The flour was bolted through book muslin. The first apples were raised by Alfred Bissell, near New Hartford, and the first at Pittsfield by Col. William Ross. The first man hanged in the Military Tract was a Mr. Cunningham, at Quincy. The first man executel in Pike county was Bar- tholomew Barnes, at Pittsfield, December 29, 1872. The first State Senator elected from Pike county was Col. William Ross. The first County Commissioners were Capt. Leonard Ross, John Shaw and William Ward. The first County Treasurer was Nathaniel Shaw, appointed in 1821. The first County and Circuit Clerk was James W. Whitne}-. T. L. Hall, of Detroit township, taught the first singing school at Atlas. The first justices of the peace were Ebenezer Smith and Stephen Dewey, appointed in 1821. The first constable was Belus Jones, appointed m T821. The first Masonic lodge was held upstairs at the house of Colonel Ross, in Atlas, between 1830 and 1834. The desk used on the occasion is still in the possession of Marcellus Ross. It is a plain box, strongly built, fifteen inches square and two and one-half feet high, and contains two shelves. In one side is a door swung on hinges. FIRST WHITE MEN IN PIKE COUNTY. The first white men who came to Pike countv were possibly Fathers Marquette, LaSalle, Tonti and others wdio, as history sa)'S, made frequent trips up and down the two rivers that are Pike county's east and west boundaries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The first settler was J. B. Tebo, a French Canadian trapper and hunter who had a cabin on the bank of the Illinois river just north of the line of Detroit township, or on a part of section 33, Flint township. He was there in 1817 and was killed at Milton in 1844. The first settlement of Pike county by white men was in the summer of 1820, when four sons of Micah Ross, of Pittsfield, Mass., and a few other families started for what was then known as the Far West — the State of Illinois, on the Mississippi bottoms. They arrived safely at the headwaters of the Allegheny river, and there pro- curing boats for their families, horses and wag- ons, set out to descend the stream, then in a very low stage of water. Difficulties here began to as- sail the little band. Again and again the boats ran hard aground, rendering it necessary for the sturdy emigrants to rush into the water, and wield the pries and levers with a will. However, they were not to be disheartened, but by dint of perseverance succeeded in reaching Pittsburg, af- ter fourteen days of unremitting exertion. Here they entered upon the broad and beautiful Ohio, which bore them pleasantly upon its ample bosom, permitting them to review, at leisure, the toils and sufferings endured upon the Allegheny. In a few weeks they arrived at Shawneetown, situ- ated above the mouth of the Ohio, in Illinois, at which point they took leave of their water pal- aces, and started with wagons and teams for their place of destination near the Mississippi river. At Upper Alton, which they reached in due time, they secured quarters for their families, where they left them, while they went in search of their intended location. There was but one house at this time in what is now the city of Alton, and that was occupied by Major Hunter. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 51 At the mouth of the Ilhnois river they came across an Indian camp, where they procured two canoes, split puncheons of plank and laid across them, and thus safely ferried over their wagons. The horses were made to swim alongside of the canoes. They then crossed the bluff and pro- ceeded to the Mississippi Bottom, at the point where Gilead (in Calhoun county) is now situated, then continued up the Bottom, marking the trees as they went, for there were no roads, and noth- ing to guide them but an occasional Indian trail. At length they arrived in township 6 south, 5 west, Atlas township, about six miles east of the Mississippi, in the tract appropriated for military bounties. This beautiful prairie land charmed the emigrants, and they at once set to work their energies and constructed a camp to shelter them- selves while preparing quarters for their families. No time was lost in throwing up four rough log cabins, intended to form the immediate settle- ment, for there were not more than five white men within fifty miles of this location, east of the river. All being prepared, the pioneers returned for their families, and shortly after took perma- nant possession of their habitations. The priva- tions and sufferings endured by this little band in the first years of settlement need not be par- ticularized. At this time the Legislature was in session at Vandalia, and learning of the location of these emigrants, they took measures to lay off and form the county of Pike, embracing all the territory north and west of the Illinois river, and including what are now known as the cities of Chicago, Pe- oria, Quincv and Galena. At the first election held in this vast territory, there were but thirty-five votes polled, including those of the French at Chicago. Since then more than fifty counties have been created out of it, while the population continues to increase rapidly every year. For a while the prospects of our settlers were very flattering ; but afterward sickness and death entered their ranks. Colonel Ross lost his first wife, one brother and several of the company, the first year. Subsequently, the Colonel visited New York, and married a Miss Ednah Adams, of that State, after which he returned to Illinois, laid out a town, embracing his first location, and named it Atlas. There had previously been established a postoftice called Ross Settlement, but this desig- nation gave way to the one now adopted by the Colonel, who soon commenced improving a farm, and built a mill, which was much needed at the time. The seat of justice was then at Coles' Grove, near what is now known as Gilead, in Calhoun county. The first Proljate Court was at Coles' Grove, Ma}- 23, 1821, by Judge Abraham Beck. The first Circuit Court was held at Coles' Grove, October i, 1821, John Reynolds, Judge. The sheriff returned a panel of grandjurors, six- teen of them appearing, viz. : Levi Roberts, fore- man ; Ebenezer Franklin, Gardner H. Tullis, Joseph Bacon, George Kelly, Ebenezer Smith, David Dutton, Amos Bancroft, James Nixon, Na- thaniel Shaw, Thomas Procter, Richard Dilley, Stephen Dewey, William Mossey, Combart Shaw, and Daniel Phillips. The following persons were called, but made default : Leonard Ross, Henry J'. Ross, Daniel Shinn, J. M. Seeley, Abra- ham Kurtz, Levi Newman, Henry Loup, John Botter and John Jackson. Joseph Jervais and John Shaw, interpreters, were also sworn in. The first case was a divorce suit — Sally Durham vs John Durham, on the ground of absence for more than two years. Granted, and given cus- tody of only child. The next case was that of the People vs Pemison and Shorewennekeh, two In- dians, on the charge of murder. The court ap- pointed David P. Cook and P. H. Winchester at- torneys for the prisoners. The verdict was a very singular one. It was this : "That we, the jury, have agreed as to our verdict, according to the evidence before us, that Pemison, otherwise called 'Traveler,' is guilty of manslaughter, and Shorewennekeh, called 'Spice Bush,' is not guilty. It is therefore ordered and adjudged by this court that the said Shorewennekeh, otherwise called 'Spice Bush,' go hence and be wholly discharged and acquitted ; and it is therefore further ordered and adjudged by the court that the said Pemison, otherwise called 'Traveler,' make the fine to the people of this State in the sum of twenty-five cents, and be imprisoned for a term of twenty- 52 PAST y-VND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. four hours." The full term of imprisonment was meted out to him, in a rail pen, that served the purpose of jail. William W. A\'ard was the tirst white child born in Pike county. He was born in 1821, Nancy Ross in 1822 and Marcellus Ross in 1824. Hiram Ward was the first mail carrier from Atlas to Ouincy in 1827. The first death was Nancy, wife of Col. William Ross, February 12, 1821. The first marriage of which we can procure an}^ information, was Peter J. Saxberry to Miss Matilda Stanley, June 19, 1827. The first shcrift' was Bigelow C. Fenton, who was elected and commissioned October 2, 1821. James \\\ Whiting- was appointed clerk of the county. March 12, 182 1. The first member of the Legislature was Gen. Nicholas Hanson. His seat was contested by John Shaw, of Calhoun count}-. The first State Senator was Tom Carlin, of Greene county. The present county of Pike was organized in 182 1. The first .count}- seat was Atlas. In 1833 it be- came evident that the county seat must very soon be moved to some point near the center of the countv. Colonel Ross joined enthusiastically in this movement, and advanced the money to the county authorities with which to enter the land on which Pittsfield now stands. The County Commissioners, Colonel Barney, George Hinman and Hawkins Judd, in consideration of Colonel Ross's valuable services in securing the new lo- cation gave him the honor to name the new county seat, which he accordingly did, naming it Pitts- field, in honor of his old home ii-i Massachusetts. The first mill in the county was built in 1822, by Colonel Ross at Atlas. It was propelled by two horses, and could grind from a peck to a half bushel of corn per hour. In 1822, Mr. Van Du- sen started a ferry at what is now known as "Phillip's Ferry," on the Illinois river. He com- menced with a canoe, ferrying footmen and swimming horses. He subsequently sold his fern,^ and land claim to Nin-irod Phillips, many of whose descendants are still living in Pike county. Pike county has much with which to enrich his- tory and cause its citizens to be proud of their county. In early days the "State of Pike," as it was called, did much to shape the political future of the great State of Illinois. It had many able and influential men ; men whose pride for "Pike" was their chief ambition and aim, whether in the Leg- islative halls or in the lobby, their power was felt and feared. In March and y\pril, 1820, Ebenezer Franklin and Daniel Shinn came to what is now Pike county and settled near what afterward was At- las. The Ross fan-iilv can-ie in the summer of 1820 and to these sturdy and fearless pioneers Pike county and its people will ever render proper homage. And could they return from the echo- shore, and see the progress and development in 'their old home county they could truly say, Great God, Thou hast been good and merciful to our successors. All the blessings of nature are freely shown in the once wilderness now a garden spot. And in all the years since 1820 no famine or pestilence has smitten the land. Fruits, flowers, cereals and material blessings have been without stint. Colonel Benjamin Barney came in 1826, and he with Col. William Ross and others took an active part in the Black Hawk war. Colonel Ross was aide to the commanding general and ap- pointed Abraham Lincoln as captain of one of the companies from Sangamon county. Pike cotmty had in that war companies under command of Captains Barne}-, Petty and Hale. Colonel Ross had an intimate acquaintance with Col. Zachary Taylor and Capt. Abraham Lincoln, who were afterward presidents of the United States. He also knew well the early Governors and Senators of Illinois. BL.VCK HAWK WAR. In November, 1830, fifty or sixty of the Sac and Fox tribes of Indians came down on a hunting excursion and camped on Bay creek. These tribes at that time were living on Rock river in the northern part of the State, and wished once more to visit the scenes of their former hunting ground. Some little trouble occurred between these In- dians and the whites on account of the disappear- ance of hogs in the neighborhood. The settlers turned out and caught some of the red men, tied theni up and administered to them severe flagella- tions with withes, and they immediately left the country, never, with one or two exceptions, to re- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 53 turn in a body to Pike county. This episode comes as near as anything of a warhke nature, especiahy a hostile collision with the Indians, as any that we have any record of occurring in Pike county. In the fall of 1831 Black Hawk and his tribes appeared on Rock river, where they committed several petty depredations. The settlers of Rock river and vicinity petitioned Governor Reynolds for aid, stating that "Last fall the Black Hawk band of Indians almost destroyed all of our crops, and made several attacks on the owners when they attempted to prevent their depredations, and wounded one man by actually stabbing him in several places. This spring they acted in a more outrageous and menacing manner." This petition represented that there were 600 or 700 Indians among them ; it was signed by thirty-five or forty persons. Another petition sets forth that "The In- dians pasture their horses in our wheat fields, shoot our cows and cattle and threaten to burn our houses over our heads if we do not leave.'' Other statements place the Indians at not more than 300. According to these petitions. Governor Rey- nolds in May, 183 1, called for 700 mounted men. Beardstown was the designated place of rendez- vous, and such were the sympathy and courage of the settlers that the number offering themselves was nearly three times the number called for. They left Rushville for Rock Island June 15, 1831 ; and on the 30th of the same month, in a council held for the purpose. Black Hawk and twenty- seven chiefs and warriors on one part, and Gen. Edmund P. Gaines, of the United States Army, and John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois, on the other part, signed a treaty of peace and friend- ship. This capitulation bound the Indians to go and remain west of the Mississippi river. In April, 1832, in direct violation of the treaty above referred to. Black Hawk, with some 500 followers, appeared again upon the scene of ac- tion, and fear and excitement spread through the length and breadth of the State. To again drive them from the State, Governor Reynolds called on the militia April 16, 1832. TROOPS RAISED IN PIKE COUNTY. No sooner had volunteers been called for than every county and settlement throughout this por- tion of the State promptly responded. Nowhere however, was such alacrity shown in answering the call as in Pike county. The hearts of the sturdy pioneers were easily touched by the stories of depredations by the Indians. These stories were doubtless greatly exaggerated, yet the fron- tiersmen who knew the subtlety and treachery of the red men well knew they could not be trusted ; and almost any crime was expected of them. Col. Wm. Ross, then Captain of the Pike Coun- ty Militia Companv, received word from the Gov- ernor on l>iday, the 20th, and he immediately is- sued the following : "Company Ori:)ERS — The volunteer company of Pike county will meet at Atlas, on Monday, the 23 d in St., ready to take up their march by sun-rise, except such part of the company as are living on the east side of said county, which part will meet the company at the house of William Henman, about four miles this side of Phillips' Ferry, on the same day, all with a good horse, and rifle, powder-horn, half pound of powder, and one hundred balls, with three days' provisions. The commanding officer of said company flatters himself that every man will be prompt to his duty. [Signed,] ' "W.Ross, "Capt. ist Rifles, Pike Co." "April, 1832." The Captain then called upon Benj. Barney at his blacksmith shop and told him of the nature of the order he had received, and for him to forth- with mount a horse and start out to notify the settlers to assemble immediately. Mr. Barney was engaged at his forge at the time, making a plow ; but he straightway laid down hammer and tongs, untied his leathern apron, left his fire to smolder and die, and started immediately upon his mission. He first went to a man at the mouth of Blue creek ; from thence he made a circuit of the county, appealing to all to assemble at Atlas with- out delay. He tells us that almost all of them left their work and started immediately. The men having assembled at Atlas, the martial band began to discourse lively music to stir the patriotism of the militia-men to a high pitch so that they would enlist for the service. The music did not seem to "enthuse" them with as great a desire to enlist as their leaders had anticipated. Something more potent must be had ; so two 54 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. buckets of whisky were summoned to their aid; the men were formed in two hues facing each other, and \vide enough apart to admit of two men walking u[) and down the line between them. Capt. Ross and Lieut. Seeley started down the Hne, each with a bucket of hquor ; two boys followed with water, and then came the music. It was under- stood that those wdio would fall in after the music would enlist for service. By the time the third round was made lOO men were in line, which was even more than the cjuota of this county inider that call. \Vm. Ross was elected Captain and Benj. Barney, ist Lieutenant. The company ed- journed to meet at Griggsville on the following day at lo o'clock a. m. The men went to their homes in various parts of the county to notify their families of their enlistment and to make slight preparations for their journey. We are told that with four or five exceptions, and those lived along the Illinois river, every man was at Griggsville by sunrise on the day appointed. The company then started for Beardstown, the place of rendezvous for the troops in this part of the State. The Illinois river was very high and much difficulty was experienced in crossing it. The ferry would carry but six horses at a time ; and while waiting for transportation the horses stood in mud up to their knees. It was a gloomy time and they had no liquor with which to cheer up the new volunteers. Capt, Ross was among the first to cross over, while Lieut. Barney remained with the men upon the western bank. Great dis- satisfaction was being manifested by the men under Lieut. Barney, who were waiting in the mud and water to cross the river, all of whom did not get over until ii o'clock that night. Lieut. Barney sent word to Capt. Ross to forward him a jug of whisky. This was done ; a fire was built, striking it by flint locks of their guns ; the whiskv was distributed, and once more the troops were in good spirits and ready for any hardship. The Pike county troops arrived at Beardstown the next day, being the first company to reach that point. The Governor and some of the leading officers were already there. It was found that the Pike county company was too large ; it accord- ingly was divided and formed into two companies. Lieut. Barney was chosen Captain of one of these, and Joseph Petty, Captaii' of the other. James Ross was elected ist Lieutenant of Capt. Petty's company', and a Mr. Allen, of Capt. Barney's compan\-. Capt. Ross was chosen Colonel and aid of the commanding General. It was he who appointed Abraham Lincoln, our martyr Presi- dent, to the captaincy of one of the Sangamon county companies in this war. The troops marched from Beardstown to Rock Island, where they were mustered into the United States service by Gen. Zachary Taylor. At Fort Armstrong, which was at that point, there were then only about 50 United States troops. The Pike county volunteers, with others, then marched up toward Dixon on Rock river, the course the In- dians had taken. They followed them for some days, but did not overtake them or encounter them in any engagement. During the entire campaign the Pike county troops did not meet the foe in battle array ; not a leaden ball was shot at any of these men during the 50 days they were out. During this time they ran short of provisions, and sent to Chicago, but in that present great city, where millions of hogs are slaughtered annually and the greatest grain market in the world exists, they could not get a barrel of pork or of flour. The Pike county volunteers then went to Ottawa and shared with some of the troops at that point. They obtained rations enough there to last them about three days, when they marched on down the river to the rapids, wdiere there was a boat filled with United States provisions. There thev drew rations for their homeward march. Capt. Barney drew seven days' rations for his men, but Capt. Petty thought .they would get home in three or four days, so only drew four days" rations, much to the regret of the hungry stomachs of his men, as it took them longer to get home than he had anticipated. The privates of this call received $8 a month, and were paid off that fall by United States agents, who came to Atlas. THE STAMPEDE. While in the northern part of the State four regiments of troops camped together, among PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 55 whom were the men from this county. They formed a hollow square, upon the inside of which were the officers' tents. The horses, about i,ooo in number, were guarded in a corral outside of the square. In the dead hour of night, when not a light remained burning, and the slow tread of the faithful sentinel was the only sound that broke the silence, the horses became frightened and stampeded. In the wildest rage they dashed for- ward, whither they knew not ; they headed toward the camp of slumbering soldiers, and in all the mad fury of frightened brutes they dashed for- ward over cannon, tents and men, wounding sev- eral of the latter quite severely. The troops heard their coming and supposed each wild steed was ridden by a wilder and less humane red-skin ; the treacherous and subtle foe was momentarily expected and the frightened men thought they were now coming down upon them. They all had heard of the night attack upon the rangers at the famous battle of Tippecanoe, and feared a repeti- tion of that night's bloody work. Capt. Barney, with quickness of thought and military skill, in a loud voice gave order for his men to form at the rear of their tents. He hallooed lustily, and when he went up and down the line feeling his way he found every man in his place. The commanding officers hearing the Captain's orders and knowing there would be safety with his company if any- where, ran to him. Fortunately the horses were riderless, which was soon discovered, and then the frightened men began joking. Col. De Witt joked Capt. Barney considerably about his hal- looing so loud, when Gen. Taylor spoke up and said he was glad the Captain was so prompt to give orders for his men to form, as it showed a soldierly disposition; besides, it let him know where he might go for safety. The following Pike county soldiers were in the Black Hawk war : CAPTAIN OZIAS HAIL's COMPANY Of the 4th Regiment, 3d Brigade of Illinois Mounted Volunteers, called into the service of the United States, on the requisition of Gen. Henry Atkinson, by the Governor's proclamation, dated May 15, 1832. Mustered out August 16, 1832. Captain, Ozias Hail ; first leutenant, David Seeley ; second lieutenant, Robart Goodin ; sergeants, Enoch Cooper, Adam Harpool, John McMuUin, Isaac Turnbaugh, Josiah Sims ; corporals, Ben- jamin Shin, John Battershall, William Cooper, Isaac Dolbaugh, John Crass ; privates. Smith Ames, William Alcorn, Culverson Blair, Elijah Bradshaw, John Blythe, Enoch Bradshaw, John Burcaloo, Sylvanus Baker, Derns Butler, Wm. Buffenbarger, David Cole, Abner Clark, Joshua Davis, William Davis, John Foster, Frederic Franklin, William Harpool, William Kinney, Ab- salom McLain, Caleb Miller, George Miller, David Moore, John Melhizer, Wm. McLain, Wil- liam Mitchell, Burgess Neeley, John Neeley, Samuel Neeley, Thomas Neeley, Resen Nisenger, James B. Prior, Benjamin Pulum, John Shinn, Harris Spears, Philip H. Stigney, Joseph Turn- baugh, John M. Taylor, Ebenezer Yesley. The above company volunteered and organized in Atlas, in Pike county, on June 4, 1832, and in pursuance of orders then received, marched im- mediately to rendezvous at Fort Wilbourn, where they arrived on June 17, and were mustered into service June 19, 1832. CAPTAIN BENJAMIN BARNEv's COMPANY Of the 3d Regiment, commanded by Col. Abram B. Dewitt, of the Brigade of Mounted Volunteers commanded by Brig.-Gen. Whitesides. Mus- tered out of the service at the mouth of Fox River, on May 27, 1832. Distant 250 miles from the place of enrollment. Captains, William Ross, Benjamin Barney ; first lieutenant, Israel N. Bert ; second lieutenant, Lewis Allen ; ser- geants. Bridge Whitten, Hawkins Judd, Eli Hubbard, Hansel G. Horn ; corporals, Allen B. Lucas, Mathias Bailey, William Mallory, Jesse Luster ; privates, Jonathan B. Allen, William Ad- ney, William Blair, Alfred Bush, Joseph Card, Meredith W. Coffee, Robert Davis, Joseph Gall, Louis A. Garrison, Robert Haze, David Hull, Eliphalet Haskins, Charles Kannada, Willis Lay, Chidister B. Lewis, Samuel W. Love, Jesse Lucas, John McAfee, Andrew McAfee, Richard Marrow, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Adair C. Meredith, Samuel P. Mize, James O'Xeil, John Perkins, St. Clair Prewitt, Emery Swiney, Stephen Shipman, Lindsay Tolbert, x\ns- tin Wilson, Lucius Wells. C.\PTAIN ELISHA PETTY's COMPANY Of the 3d Regiment, commanded by Col. Abram B. Dewitt, of the Brigade of Mounted Volunteers of the Illinois Militia, commanded by Brig.-Gen. Samuel Whitesides. Mustered out of the service at the mouth of Eox river, May 27, 1832. Distance, 250 miles from place of the en- rollment. Captain, Elisha Petty ; first lieutenant, James Ross ; second lieutenant, John W. Birch. Ser- geants, Joab Brooks, Gilliam Bailey, Joel Har- pole, Cornelius Jones. Corporals, William Kin- man, William Gates, Ira Shelly, James Woosley. Privates, Ira Andrews, Garet Buchalew, Caleb Bailey, Franklin P. Coleman, Joseph Cavender, Harrison Decker, Thomas Edwards, Benjamin Fugate, James Green, Edwin Grimshaw, Appolis Hubbard, Berry Hume, Francis Jackson, Samuel Jeffers, Sims Kinman, Hiram Kinman, Thomas Kinney, William Lynch, Joseph McLintock, Sol- omon Main, Thomas More, Mathew Mays, Owen Parkis, Samuel Riggs, Nathaniel C. Triplet, Wil- liam Wadsworth, B. Whitten, Lucius Wells. MEXICAN WAR. COMPANY K, FIRST REGIMENT. This company was discharged at Alton, Illi- nois, October 17, 1848. Captains, Israel B. Don- alson, William Kinman ; first lieutenant, Manoah T. Bostick : second lieutenants, Robert E. Hicks, Constantine Hicks ; sergeants, David K. Hobbs, Andrew Main, Austin W. Matthews, LTriah Thomas ; corporals, Daniel Gray, Joseph W. In- gals, George W. Freeman, Jarvis P. Rudd : mu- sicians, William Kiser, John Moore ; privates, John Arnet. James H. Atkins. .Archibald .\. Brown, William B. Bobbett, Alfred I. Blair, Jackson Bell, Lawrence C. Bristow, David P. Baldwin, Frederick M. Bulson, Alfred Bissell, Robert F. Babcock, Ephraim Cram, John Cooper, Calvin Davis, Alney Durall, Duran Durall, Bur- ton T. Gray, Nathaniel P. Flart, John Hawker, John C. Heavener, Christoph Heavener, George Henry, Anderson Hedrick, Jackson Jennings, Thomas I. Jordan, John W. Kneeland, Hiram G. Kendall, Joseph W. Kinne\', James W. Lewis, Josiah Lippincott, James Leeper, Philip Main, Benjamin L. Mastin, Nicholas ;\Iain, Daniel W. Meredith, Franklin Madison, John ?ilace, Wil- liam Main, Joseph McDade, Reuben McDade, Andrew J. Neely, John Neely, Robert Peterson, Lemuel Parks, Jacob Seybold, John G. Seavers, Zachariah L. Smart, Charles A. Spencer, Hiram G. W. Spencer, Samuel Schanck, John L. L'nder- wood, Benjamin F. Wade, McDaniel Welch. Henry P. Yorke, J. C. Densmore, J. S. Troy, Rivers Sellon, Charles Sellon. CIVIL WAR. Pike county men went to the Civil war in the following commands : SECOND ILLINOIS CAVALRY, COMPANY' K. • Colonels, John J. ]Mudd and Daniel B. Bush ; major, T. W. Jones; captains, Presley G. Athey, Thomas W. Jones, Montgomery Demmons ; first lieutenants, Thomas W. Jones, Benjamin F. Gar- rett. William R. Scull ; second lieutenants. Ben- jamin F. Garrett, Franklin Kinman, Anson Mitchell, Montgomery Demmons, David C. Rothrock ; first sergeant, Franklin Kinman; quartermaster sergeant, Richard T. W^oolfolk ; sergeants, Samuel V. Swearingen, Richard A. Bard, Ira St. John, William R. Crary ; corporals, Montgomery Demmons, George Miers, Alex C. McPhail, Elijah M. Williams, Hiram D. ^loul- ton, Benjamin V. Sharp, William A. Reed; bu- glers, Dorus E. Bates, CliiTord R. Scranton ; wagoner, John McCiuie ; privates, Cornelius B. Archer, Logan W. Allen, Carlisle Burbridge, John Bringman, James Bradberry, Josephus Brown, George Bickerdike, James Collins, Peter Carey, Charles C. Clifi^ord, Alonzo Cheek, Wil- liam M. Cunningham, Samuel Dell, .\nthony Dell, George R. Carrier, Jeremiah Fireman, Wil- liam H. French, George W. Gunn, James Graves, Rowland Green. Watson Goodrich, lohn L. B. VICKSBURG MONUMENT PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 59 Goings, John W. Graham, William R. Hale, Stephen P). Hale, Baile)- Hayden, William E. Handel, William Hill, Jacob Johnson, John Knox, William Kelly, Lawson Lovett, David Lynch, Thomas C. Leek, Joseph A. P. Love, J\lichael iXIcAIahon, Benjamin F. Mills, William PL ^Mclntyre, James Mayo, Henry S. Norton, David Pearcy, Franklin Ransom, David C. Roth- rock, Stephen A. St. John, Riley Stephens, John Stotts, William R. Scull, William L. Smith, Guy Smith, David W. Sparrow, William T. Sawyers, George W. Thompson, Jacob Wulsey, Charles Wood, Samuel White, Richard Wade, Conrad Winnant. VETERANS. Kelley, Andrew L_\tle, John W. Lindsay, William Lytic, John Lovett, George Main, Charles Main, William McCormick, Alex C. McPhail, John Mc- Clerry, James Main, y\ndrew J. Molar, Ennis Newnham, Joseph Polite, John Peoples, Isaiah Ruble, James or Elisha Ransom, E. A. Rockwell, John W. Reynolds, Lyman Ransom, Francis M. Scanlan, Peter Swiggert, Cicero Scobey, Ben- jamin F. Thompson, William Trownsell, Peter M. T)'singer, William W. Walworth, Samuel H. Wynn, Hampton Wade, George W. Webster; under cooks of A. D., William Britton, Franklin Gazaphail, Edward Putnam, Henry Wilkins. FIFTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY, COMPANY G. Sergeants, Montgomery Demmons, William R. Scull, Watson Goodrich, W'illiam R, Hale ; cor- porals, Jacob Wulsey, Peter Carey, David C. Rothrock, Samuel Dell ; privates, Robert R. Bean, (Iscar F. Beach, M. William Cunningham, John Fromelsberger, John L. B. Goings, Roland Green, Joseph Graham, Stephen B. ITale, Wil- liam E. Handel, William L. Kelley, Joseph A. P. Love. John W. Lindsey, Sylvester Mullen, Wil- liam H. Mclntyre, William McCormick, Ben- jaminF. Mills, Joseph Polite, Isaiah Ruble, Edwin A. Rockwell, Stephen A. St. John, John Stotts, David W. Sparrow, Benjamin F. Thompson, George W. Webster ; recruits, William L. Allen, Cuffner W. Allen, Abel A. Adams, William M. Baldwin, John Brown, Robert R. Bean, William B. Babbitt, George Bowman, George P. Beck- holdt, Broadus Briscoe, Williston Beardsley, Lewis D. Brown, William W. Blackburn, John Boyd, Buffington Babin, William Berry, Pleasant H. Boston, Aaron Carroll, Giles Culver. William Dix, Noble M. Dyke, Samuel A. Dunlap, Charles Dickens, John C. Eagle, John Fromelsberger, Jesse L. Fields, James P. Foote, John Fisher, Ben- jamin Fisher, Jonah Goings, Julius C. Graham, John W. Graham, Joseph Graham, William His- ted, John D. Hale, James Hayden, John C. Han- del, Isaac J. Handel, Daniel H. Hufifman, Marion Heavner, James S. Hyde, George W. Harris, Harrison Johnson, Henry Jacobs. Miller Johnley, William Jackson, William H. Kerman, William L. Kelly, Francis Keys, Thomas Knox, James Captains, John A, Harvey, Benjamin B. Hop- kins. Alexander D. Pittenger ; iirst lieutenant, AA'illiam A. ?»IcAllister ; second lieutenants. Amos H. Smith, William A. McAllister. John W. Pat- terson ; quartermaster sergeant. Amos H. Smith ; sergeants. James P. Taylor, William H. Cham ; corporals, Nathan Swigget, Wallis Dike, John ' W. Patterson ; bugler, Joshua Ward ; blacksmith, James Thompson ; saddler, James Hedger ; pri- vates William G. Allen, Frederick Akart, Ziba G. Brown, Curtis J. Brown, John Cahl, Edgar W. Chase, Thomas P. Clark. Noble M. Dike, Ed- ward T. Gullcross. William P. Gwinn. Charles Havens. John J. Heden, George W. Higgins, John W. Flill, William S. Hill, John Hofsess, Benjamin B. Hopkins, Benjamin J. Jones, Henry J. Luckinbill, Samuel Lutes, William A. McAl- lister, Benjamin F. Mclntyre, John W. Meek, Ol- iver H. Perry, Jimmerson Pierce, Benjamin J. or B. Powell, Cornelius Rathbum, John P. Rat- tic. John M. K. Reid. Wesley Stanley, Hiram P. Stetson. Thomas B. Skidmore, Thomas Taylor, William H. Uppinghouse, Marion LTppinghouse, Albert Willits, Charles G. Wilson. John Vvilson, Abram L. Winsor ; veterans, Frederick Akart, William T. Gwinn, John J. Heden, Jacob Her- man, John Ploffses, William A. McAllister. Alex- ander D. Pittinger, John M. K. Reed, Hiram P. Stettson, Nathan Swiggett, Thomas B. Skidmore, Charles Sherman, James Thomson, Stephen B. Watson, John Wilson, David B. Wacaser; re- cruits. Levi Brewer, John P. Brower, Owen Crea- 6o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. son, John Clark, Peter Cusic, Jacob Herman, John Judd, Wilham H. Macaser, John Mier, Samuel M. Miller, Joseph Stanley, Alick Sanders, Charles Sherman, Charles O. Ward, Stephen B. Watson, David B. Wacaser, John W. Willey, Albert Watson. TENTH ILLINOIS t'AVALRY. Robert Wright, Bart Ouary, Naper Reeves, Ja- cob Nelson, PI. C. Osborn, John A. Beverly, James M. Champ, Peter Brimm, Oliver Ellmore, Josiah Ta^'lor, James A. Woods, Giles Bulerd, Ed. Bell, William Bell, Press Crofton, David Chapin, William Parkis, E. H. Bently, John Cal- vert, J. H. EUege, Moses Greenup, F. Fewgate, J. T. Gebhart, A. J. Hill, Alpheus Winncger, W. W. Bell, Jacob Butts, Jack Woolery, Martin Ayers, A. Jackson, C. Preston, J. P. Johnston. SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY, COMPANY D. Captain, AVilliam A. Hubbard ; first lieutenant, John H. Gay ; second lieutenant, William Athey ; first sergeant, Nathan L. Adams ; sergeants, John W. Hill, Robert T. Babcock, John Scott, Josiah G. Williams ; corporals, John Shafl:"ner, Edgar Peckenpaugh, John Gallagher, John B, Alills, John Bringman, Peter H. Sullivan, John I. Sackett, John P. Adams ; musicians, Jacob F. Miller, John Peters ; wagoner, William J. Bran- don ; privates, Roder G. Allen, Henry C. Bran- don, Lewis J. Bradshaw, Eli Bradshaw, Joseph H. Brown, Nathan Baughman, Jacob Baughmin, George L. Boyd, Joshua N. Butler, Lewis Chase, John L. Cunningham, Joseph PI. Cooper, George W. Carrel. John Davidson. John W. Foreman. Abner W. Foreman, Isaac Fast. Andrew J. Good- win, Benjamin Goodwin, William H. Goodwin, George Fluff, David Hadley, Bartley Flincs, Wil- liam G. Plopkins, William A, ITiggins, Francis L. Jones. James S. Johnston, Peter Johnston, William Knowles, Samuel Kelly, James Laforcc, James Lee, James Low, Robert Laughridge, Wil- liam C. Lynch, Joseph J. Lusk, Coatsworth Moore. William A. Monroe, William McGuire, Absalom C. Murphy, John J- Miller, James Nich- olson. John R. Noble. John D. Reed, Burk Ralph, William J. Rowley, Joel Rowley, Isaac Roberts, William Stark, John Sharer, William C. Sim- mons, Jonathan R. Sitton, Plenry Shaffner, Wil- liam R. Smith, John Shaffner, John M. Smith, Henrv T. Shaw, James L. Saxberry, George Turnbaugh, Wilberforce Tuthaker, Anthony M. Triplett, Michael Tinkle, Edwin H. Webster, Moody J. Webster, William S. Windsor, Delos D. Walker, John Shaw. COMPANY G. Captain, Samuel N. Hoyt; first lieutenant, An- drew Moore: second lieutenant, William H. Hal- lin ; first sergeant, Gilbert E. Brooks ; sergeants, Edward \\^ Baker, Jesse Parke, John W. Knee- land, Bartholomew Brooks ; corporals, William PI. Hammond. Stephen Northrop, Samuel S. Leeds. Melvin T. Johns. James F. Hameo, Thomas C. Manchester, James Rutherford, Ben- jamin A. Lord; musicians, Samuel Wade, Henry Pool; teamster, John S. Buster; privates. John Ayers, Archibald D. Brown, John A. Bell, George W. Brooks, James M. Brown, Francis M. Bald- win. Walter Bell, William Cryder, Jasper Cryder, John Caton, Benjamin Cawthorn, James Craw- ford, Thomas Cunningham, John Cahill, Darius Dexter, John W. Davis, William H. Darrah, John J. Emory, William H. Elliott, David Evans, Wil- liam S. Ellidge. Henry C. Ferry. John J. Frank- lin, Josephus Foreman, Clark Gilhan. John E. Gray, Thomas Gowings, James P. Gibbs. James Gleason. Francis Houston, A-Villiam Heldrith. Hines A. Hardy. Jonah Hossess, Philip Hahn, Marion Kinman, James Keyes, George R. Kin- cade. John Kernan, Wesley PI. Alayfield, Harri- son Mitchell, Francis Miller, Franklin Morrison, Samuel Oliphant, Andrew J. Rushing. Charles C. Seaborn, James W. Six, Jeft'erson S. Steel, John Santhoft', James A. Sewell, James R. P. Sparks. George Scott, Willis J. Stead. George W. Steel, Charles Tucker, Noah Talbot, Clint P. \"andermant, Robert L. Wilson, Noah N. Watts, Daniel AVardlow, Minor Wardlow, Charles H. William, George W. AVicker, John M. Wicker. Elijah N. Watts, John White, Alfred H. Watts, John T. \A'oods, Frank Wade, Henrv Woods. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 6i EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY, COMPANY G. Captain, John McWilliams ; first lieutenant, James S. Bernard ; second lieutenant, Thomas Butler ; first sergeant, Elihu Jones ; sergeants, W. P. Sitton, Robert Wills, Sampson Purcell ; cor- porals, Elijah Dickenson, George W. Stoby, Michael McNaughten, William T. L3'on ; musi- cians, George Martins, Seth W. Pierce ; privates, John S. Ault, John W. Agnew, Thomas G. Alex- ander, J. B. Baker, Levi Barber, George Barn- grover, Hiram Bigsbee, William Bowman, John Bowman, Daniel Bradley, Gilbert Brooks, Wil- liam Cammire, George L. Carson, Nathan J. Cof- fee, Robert Davis, Josiah Davis, Montgomery Demmons, Denise Denise, Pine Dexter, Edward Durant, Thomas Foster, Watson Goodrich, Sam- uel Goozee, John C. Handle, Isaac I. Plandle, Reuben B. Hatch, Charles B. Hays, Moses Hem- menway, James Heavener, John M. Hurt, Charles H. Hurt, Joseph H. Johnson, William Kelley, Daniel D. Kidwell, Robert PI. Kinman, Plenry Kinney, John T. Lovett, Amos Laikin, James Lindsay, William Little, Jacob Long, Henry Lucas, Fernando Moreno, John Madigan, John E. Mathis, William H. McFadden, William R. Moore, William H. Owen, Thomas D. Pettis, George Petty, Alexander G. Pettinger, Andrew W. Plattner, Thomas H. Post, George W. Rader, George Rice, Alexander Russell, George Sander- son, Albert Shaw, Jackson Stout, John T. Thompson, Carlos L. Toby, John Tucker, John W. Troutner, David Troutner, David Wacasser ; captains, James S. Bernard, Elihu Jones, Charles H. Hurt ; first lieutenants, Elihu Jones, William P. Sitton, Charles H. Hurt, George Sanderson ; second lieutenants, William P. Sitton, Charles H. Hurt, William A. Saylor ; first sergeant, Charles H. Hurt ; sergeants, Levi Barber, George San- derson, William H. Owings, Thomas Foster; corporals, John S. Hanlen, Gilbert Brooks, Dan- iel B. Owings, William H. Williams, George Jackson, Joseph Shinn; privates, Hiram Byxbe, Joseph Byxbe, John U. Byxbe, Charles W. Bar- bee, George W. Barr, John D. Boren, James Brown, Bartholomew Brooks, James Caton, Thomas Cein, Isaac Chandler, Thomas Cassady, James Cavender, Noah E. Dye, Stephen Duncan, Walter Decker, John G. Davis, Warren S. Dil- worth, William Durant, James Elwood, Perry Foster, Marcus Frawner, Benjamin F. Foreman, John S. Fulks, James Gibson, Thomas Gallaher, Francis M. Ghant, James Hodge, Thomas Harris, ■ Thomas Flumes, Adam A. Hanlin, William Han- lin, Jackson B. Hudson, John Harrington, John W. Flenry. John C. Jenkins, Daniel McFarland, Jesse Mappin, James Marcy, Joseph Moore, Roy- al i\Iooers, Rhoderic Moore, David Orton, Henry Osborn, John Perkins, Frederick Regie, William Robinson, James Shinn, Peter F. Simpson, Na- thaniel Stevens, Henry Steel, Joseph Simpson, Adam Snyder, Reuben Ult, James P. Vincent, Daniel Vandermant, William H. White, William W. Westrope, Daniel S. Westrope, Alexander Wood ; recruits, James Baird, Austin D. Barber, John Bailey, Matthew F. Castator, Silas A. Car- roll, Anderson Corder, James Elwood, John Frawner, Oliver Jones, Amos Larkins, Lyman Langwell, John T. Lovett, Elias Manning, Alex- ander Matthews, Charles Mallory, William Mat- thews, William M. Mills, Silas A. Perry, William H. Phillips, George Rice, William H. Smith, George Stevens, Norman A. Taylor, Franklin Thompson, John P. Vaughn, Thomas H. B. Wil- son, Nathaniel W. Webster, William H. WiUard; veterans, James Gating, Isaac Chandler, Walter Decker, John S. Fulks, Marcus Frawner, Adam Hanline, Thomas M. Humes, Amos Larkin, Joseph jMoore, Jesse F. Mappin, John Perkins, Joseph Shinn, George Sanderson, Adam A. Sny- der, James P. Vincent, William H. Willard, Wil- liam H. Westrope. SIXTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY^ COMPANY K. Captains, George D. Stewart, John Bryant ; first lieutenants, James Hedger, French B. Wood- all, John Bryant, Franklin J. Cooper ; second lieu- tenants, Richard B. Higgins, Joseph E. Haines, Asbury Brown ; first sergeant, Elijah J. Gidd- ings ; sergeants, Joseph E. Haines, James E. Ir- win, Samuel Morris, Robert A. Coulter ; corpo- rals, Norton H. Close, Daniel W. Rider, William Brown, Judson C. Gillespie, Charles W. Beers, Alexander S. Hatch, Edson W. Berry, William Badgley : musicians, Joseph J. Bobo, James Shields ; wagoner, William W. Smith ; privates, 62 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. William M. Austin, Almeron C. Pjennett, William Brnmble. Asa D. Baker, Pienjamin Branic, John M. Bryant, Sanford P. Bennett, John W. Bal- linger, William L. Baldwin, Thomas J. Bnrkee, James H. Butler, Alexander Baird, Asbnry Brown, Peter Beemer, John B. Brinson, William E. Chapman, Silas G. Corey, John M. Cooper, William Copeland, Frederick P. Dillingham, James Daugherty, William H. Eddingfield, Ben- jamin Ezzell, John T. Ezzell, Oliver R. Emerson, Miner ,V. Foster, Lamar Farnsworth, John C. Gregory, William Gay, Henry Gale, James Hull, Joseph Huet, George Hallett, Thomas J. House, John Halpin, Thomas Hull, James Ingram, Thomas J. Johnson, Bernard Kane, David D. Kidwell, Charles A. Kendall, Thomas J. Lusk, Thomas Lomax, Hiram J. Lee, Patrick McMa- hon, Thomas McGuire, Robert Martin, Matthew H. Nichols, William H. D. Noyes. Calvin F. Pier- son, Alfred Payne, Moses Perkins, John H. Rig- ney, Thomas Y. Reppey, John M. Sliinn, Silas Shaw, Charles F. Sanderson, Silas Sprague, Francis M. Smith, Ira W. Shelby, William Sharpe, Josiah Thorn, Asa E. Toplifif, James Tipton, Edgar Tyler, Cyrus C. Walburn ; veter- ans, Frederick Arnold, Alexander Baird, Asbury Brown, John M. Bryant, John B. Bimson, Ben- jamin Brannic, Joseph J. Bobo, James H. But- ler, William Badgeley, William Bramble, Peter Beamer, Franklin J. Cooper, John Conley, Ed- ward F. Gaines, Thomas Hull, George W. House, John Halpin, Alfred F. Hildreth, John Harrison, George Leslie, Robert Martin, Matthew Nicols, Calvin F. Pierson, William H. Quincy, Benjamin F. Saxbury, Thomas Sheppard, William J. Smith, Francis M. Smith, Josiah Thorn; recruits, William Badgeley, William Bramble, Montgomery Bain, Richard B. Bagby, Samuel Boice, William But- ler, Horace O. Bennett, Frank J. Cooper, John Conley, William Cooper, John Collins, Shubal B. Day, John W. Elder, Edward F. Gaines, Horatio Gray, Pyrus Clancy, George W. House, Henry Hubbard, Ed. ITouse, AA'illiam G. Howe, Joseph F. Lowe, William J. Little, Alexander Massie, Charles M. McCauley, Nathan P. Nichols, Jeptha B. Parks, Elias Price, John Rippey, William Rus- sell, William J. Smith, Daniel \'an Slyke, Her- bert W. Wilcox, Simon Znmalt, Obadiah Zumalt. TWENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY. Three companies in the Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry were Pike county boys, and were in bat- tle at Shiloh, Corinth, Hatchie, Vicksburg, Jack- son, Spanish Fort and Blakeley. Some of the boys served four years and seven months. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas M. Kilpatrick, of Milton, Illi- nois, a member of the Twenty-eighth Illinois In- fantrv, a brave and gallant soldier, enlisted Janu- ar\' 10, 1862, and was killed in battle at Pitts- burg Landing, April, 1862. COM TAN Y' I. Captain. Elisha Flurt ; second lieutenant. Henry L. Hadsell ; first sergeant, John H. Hurt ; sergeants, Samuel C. Brown, Henry L. Hadsell. Horatio AValker, Andrew J. Petty ; corporals, Al- vin Jessup, Thomas Durell, Andrew A. Veach, John Smith, William Garten, James H. Rogers ; musician. William J. Pence ; privates, Eli Bofif- man, John Bell, Henry W. Brown, William Brit- ton, Isaac Bridgewater, William H. Bonifield, John Barney, Thomas F. Bain, Bartholomew Boyles, Enoch ]\I. Clift, William Custead, James Collier, Alfred M. Delano, William S. Dole, Wil- liam M. Decker, James T. Demarree, Charles E. Fletcher, Orville Goodale, James ]\I. Green, James Holmes, Henry C. Hart, John T. Hall, Henry Hammond, Isaac Halstead, Harrison Hand, Hollingsworth Hender, Thomas James, John S. Kinman. John R. Larue, Andrew J. La- rue. Edward F. Larue, Isaac Micky, William Mong, Alexander McBride. William H. Murphy, James McGinnas. Patrick E. Murphy, ]\Ienzoo W. INIassie, William W. Martin, Samuel Phrim- mer. Alfred S. Pryor, Stephen Palmer, James L. Price, Jackson Rogers, Joseph L. Rogers. Joseph Stevens, Jacob Stombaugh, Thomas J. A'oorhes, James M. Voorhes, James White; veterans, Wil- liam Britton. Eli Boft'man, John Currie, William Craig, Enoch ^I. Clitt. John A. Demaree. Wil- liam S. Dole, William M, Decker, Henry T. Gray, Orville L. Goodale. AVilliam H. Hubbard, John ]\l.TIurt. Harrison Lland. John T. Hall. Francis M. Likes, William W. Martin, John Smith, John T. Veach. Floratio Walker. Isaac N. Woods ; re- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 63 emits, William J. Beddy, James Badger, James or George Bridgewater, Franklin Currie, Joseph Clark, John Currie, William Craig, James L. Gordan, Henry T. Gray, Eugene Gray, Gavid Geer, John S. Gorton, Daniel D. Gray, William .H. Huntly, William PL Hubbard, Dick Johnson, Daniel D. Kidwell, John Kipp, Charles F. C. Krauss, Daniel Likes, Joseph Lesson, William Alazingo, Francis X. Martin, Enos Stephens, Al- bert Stephens, Benjamin F. Stephens, Isaac N. Woods, James F. Walker. COMPANY B. Simmons, David Guthrie, William F. Hayden, Daniel Hagerty, Jasper N. Jameson, Thomas Long, Richard Main, William T. McGhee, Wil- liam R. Moore, Daniel Morgan, Job Pringle, George 1!. Petty, Seth W. Pierce, James E. Riley, Robert H. Rollins, Allen S. Sanford, Rufus F. Shaw, Covington H. Sibert, Peter C. Williams, Austin J. Wyatt ; recruits, Thomas Brown, Charles Bagbey, John Goldsmith, Nathan Harris, Jacob Johnson, Robert H. Kinman, Rufus Main, Alvin Main, Richard Main, Robert H. Rollins, John Shaffner. COMPANY E. Captains, Thomas H. Butler, George W. Sto- bie, John.T. Thompson; first lieutenants, John T. Thompson, Robert Young; second lieutenants, (jeorge Stobie, David C. Troutner, Cyrus K. Mil- ler ; first sergeant, Cyrus K. Miller ; sergeants, Carlos L. Tobey, James C. Clark, Alexander Rus- sell. Amos Bagby ; corporals, George Chrysup. Pine Dexter. Joseph P. Plensley, John Schwartz, Thomas Alexander, Robert Young, George l'>. Petty ; musician, Seth W. Pierce ; privates, Rich- ard D. Baker, William A. Baxter, Greenbury Blain, John J. Browning, Robert Blair, James D. Brothers, Edward Cain, William Crepps,- John Cannon, William Curiman, Claridon Cherry, Mil- ton H. Capps, Michael Dorr, Francis Donely, John Ducy, Jasper Dorset, Nathan Foreman, George Frank, Paschal F. Forbes, John Fitzsim- mons, David Guthrie, Daniel Haggerty, William H. Hisel, August Haberlin. William F. Hayden, Robert Hunter. James Harris. Jasper N, Jame- son. John M. Jones, Oliver Kile, Thomas Long, James McDermott, John Murrey, William G. McGhee, William R. Moore, Job Pringle. Frank Rupert. Henry Stewart. Columbus C. Sapp, Ru- fus S. Shaw. Benjamin Schoolcraft. William Shaffner, Covington H. Sibert, Allen S. Sanford, James Tucker, Joseph I. Troutner, Peter C. Wil- liams, Austin J. Wyatt, Tip Winans, Forener Williams, Josiah G. Williams, Jacob Yoaugh ; veterans, Thomas Alexander, Robert Blair, Thomas Brown, Greenbury Blair, George W. Chrysup, Milton H. Capps, Claridon F. Cherry, John Cannon, William Crepps, Pine Dexter, George M. Frank, Paschal F. Forbes, John Fitz- Captains, Thomas M. Kilpatrick, John M. Griffin ; first lieutenants, John M. Griffin, Frede- rick C. Bechdoldt, William B. Griffin; second lieu- tenant, Burrell McPherson ; first sergeant, Fred- erick C. Bechdoldt ; sergeants, Harrison , C. French, William B. Griffin, William T. Hensley, Jackson Stout ; corporals, Eldridge Dinsmore, Major H. Camby, Zachariah A. Garrison, Henry C. Binns, David C. B. Rummel, John B. Willard, Lycurgus D. Riggs, Hulburt Burman ; musicians, William A. Giles, Daniel D. Dinsmore ; privates, Samuel Andrew, L^riah B. Brokaw, Peter Backus, Daniel Crawford, Warren Comer, Den- nis Duff, Anzley Donoho, Peter Foreman, Ebene- zer M. Foreman, James Gilleland, William B. Hatcher, Americus B. Hack, James M. Hen- dricks, Thomas W. Heavner, Samuel G. Hall, John W. Hamerton, William A. Lacy, Moses Mc- Madden, Thomas H. Overturf, John Robbison, Jeremiah Rogers, Christian Schuepf, John R. Sit- ton, Martin Y. Terry, Samuel G. Walk, James T. Whyte, John Maher, Bernard Smith, Peter Wroughton ; veterans. Robert Allen, Andrew Brinker, Lorenzo D. Brinker, Henrv C. Binns, Hubert Borman, Peter Backus, Dennis Duff, Jacob Foreman, William J. Farthing, Thomas S. Farthing, Wyman AV. Griffin, William A. Giles, James G. Griffin, William B. Griffin, William B. Hatcher. Americus G. Hack. Samuel G. Hall. John F. Kinman, Joseph H. Long, William A. Lacey, Thomas PI. Overturf, Isaac Pecarre, Walker W. Paul, Jeremiah Rogers, John Rob- inson, Lycurgus Riggs. Christian Schuepf, Jack- son Stout ; recruits, Leonard Ames, Robert Al- 64 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. leii, William C. Bond, Lorenzo D. Brinckner, James ^^^ Bogby, Charles Barnes, William Bin- ets, Isaac M. Bristow, Andrew Brinker, Hubert Borman, Edward Cox, Thomas J. Coulter, Grant- son Chapman, William Daniels, George W. Farth- ing, Thomas J. Farthing, Jacob Foreman, Wil- liam Foreman, James G. GrifEn, Thomas J. R. Grant, William Goff, Wyman W. Griffin, Joseph Horton, William C. Hevener, George C. Hills, John Flutchins, Edward G. Jenkins, Hiram Jor- "don, H. T. Jolly or Yolly. TWENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS (CONSOLIDATED) IN- FANTRY, COMPANY B. Christian Schuepf, Edward Starr, John T. Veach, Peter C. Williams, James F. Walker, Wil- liam White, Austin J. Wyatt ; recruits, Greenbury Blain, Robert Blair, Leander W. Bacus, Martin Cox, Willis M. Davis, John M. Hurt, Thomas Long, Samuel A. Long, James H. Long, John W. Leftwick, James B. Murray, Stephen B. Modie, Marcus McCallister, Thomas P. Ownby, Seth W. Pearce, John T. Pearce, Rufus T. Shaw, Lewis H. Stillwell, John Shafner, Benjamin Worden ; drafted and substitute recruits, Henry Baimer, Albert Brothers, Marshall A. Barney, Alexander R. Elliott, Hiram G. Kendall, Thomas M. Martin, John A. Seward, Henry L. Taylor. Captains, John T. Thompson, George W. Chrysup ; first lieutenants, Robert Young, Henry L. Hadsell, George W. Chrysup, Job Pringle; second lieutenants, George W. Chrysup, Job Pringle, Thomas James; first sergeant. Job Prin- gle ; sergeants. Pine Dexter, Henry C. Binns, Harrison Hand, John C. Casteel ; corporals, Lv- curgus D. Riggs, Samuel G. Hall, Jasper N. Jameson, Isaac N. Woods, William W. Martin, Allen S. Sanford, John Smith, John F. Kinman; privates, Thomas Alexander, Charles Bagby, Thomas Brown, Eli Bofifman, William Britton, James Bridgewater, William J. Boddy, Lorenzo D. Brinker, Aaron P. G. Beard, Charles Barnes, Peter O. Backus, Claridon F. Cherry, John Can- non, William Crepps, Franklin Currie, Franklin M. Clanton, Joseph C. Clark, Enoch M. Clift, William S. Dole, William M. Decker, Dennis Duff, James W. Edwards, John Fitzsimmons, George M. Frank, Jacob Foreman, William J. Farthing, Thomas Farthing, John Fitzgerald, James C. Ferrand, Paschal F. Forbes, David Guthrie, Orvil L. Goodale, Eugene Gray, James L. Gordon, Wyman W. Griffin, William A. Giles, James G. Griffin, Daniel D. Gray, Daniel Hag- gerty, William F. Hayden, Nathaniel Harris, William H. Hubbard, Americus G. Hack, Thomas James, Charles F. C. Krauss, William A. Lacy, Joseph H. Long, William T. McGhee, Daniel Morgan, Richard Main, Alvin Main, John Popp, George B. Petty, Robert H. Rollins, James E. Riley, Robert M. Ruark, Andrew J. Ruark, John Robinson, Jeremiah Rodger, James W. Ser- geant, Flenry C. Smalley, Covington H. Sibert, COMPANY F. Captain, Henry L. Hadsell ; first lieutenant, Isaac N. Woods ; second lieutenants, Joseph C. Clark ; John T. Hall ; first sergeant, Isaac N. Woods ; sergeants, John T. Hall, Joseph C. Clark, Paschal F. Forbes, John T. Veach. THIRTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY, COMPANY I. Captains. William W. H. Lawton, William T. Lyon ; first lieutenants, William T. Lyon, Charles T. Kenney, Nathaniel W. Reynolds ; second lieu- tenants, Edward A. F. Allen, Charles T. Ken- ney, Nathaniel W. Reynolds, David F. Jenkins ; first sergeant, Sampson Purcell ; sergeants, Na- thaniel W. Reynolds, Samuel C. Chapman, Charles B. Ha)res ; musicians, John M. Bodine, AVilliam W. Tedrow ; wagoner, John P. Lawton ; privates, James Alcorn, Arthur C. Baldwin, George W. Brown, Charles Brewer, Solomon Chami, Albert Cook, Henry Carroll, William H. Duffield, Albert J. Dickinson, William W. H. Doane, Davis Durand, William Dunham, William Eldridge, Stephen Evens, Edwin Ferber, Frank- lin Gardner, John Greenough, Henry Green, Frank N. Gardner, John W. Hill, I. Page Hill, \^'illiam S. Johnson, Charles W. Jackson, David F. Jenkins, Asher E. Jones, Thomas H. Jones, Simeon E. Job, Reuben Johnson, Michael Kelley, Charles T. Kenney, John P. Lawton, Jefferson Lee, George Marshall, Patrick, Mears, Bryan Martin, Charles W. Maag, Michael McNattin, William S. Morgan, Michael McNattin, Graften PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 65 S. Nutter, Ira Niswonger, Eleazer Nighswanger, Norman A. Reynolds, James IT. Rusher, Samuel Stotts, Samuel P. Shannon, James C. Truit, George Taylor, William Todd, Nathaniel Whit- ■ ten, Joshua Whitten, James Wright, William W. Winters, Newton Ward. Oliver Wilkins, Ander- son W^ells ; veterans, David F. Jenkins, George W. Brown, Stephen Evans, Thomas PI. Jones, Arthur C. Baldwin, Samuel Stotts, Isaac Meats, Phillip Wenzel, William Dunham, John M. Hines, John M. Bodine, Plenry Carroll, Solomon G. Chanie, Robert B. Coe, Martin Conroy, Rob- ert Davis, William H. Duffield, Edwin Ferber, Fletcher Ingram, William S. Johnson, James N. Morrison, Ira Nighwonger, Nathaniel W. Reyn- olds, Walter Rejmolds, William S. Robinson, Ransom P. Stowe, Anderson Wells, Isaac T. Webb ; recruits, Alex H. Benson, Benjamin F. Baldwin, Robert Chenowith, Martin Conroy, Adolph Cook, George Dunham, George F. Dick- erson, Robert Davis, Thomas J. Gladwell, Ed- ward K. Green, John M. Hobbs, Davis W. Hawker, John Hines, Fletcher Ingram, Willard Kneeland, John W. Lytle, John W. McGarvey, James Morrison, Isaac Meats, John McClenagan, John Mull, Jotham T. Moulton, James H. Mayo, James A. McGee, John G. Martin, Walter Reyn- olds, William Robinson, Patrick Ryan, Augus- tus W. Rollins, George Reed, James Slattin, Ran- som P. Stowe, Samuel Sluce, Joseph T. Short. Willis Teft, Jerome Trill, Edward H. Thomp- son, Phillip Wenzell, Isaac T. Webb. William A. Winslow, Enos W. Wood ; recruits, transferred from 72d Illinois Infantry, John H. Armstrong, John Bell, John Beeman, James Broderick, Thomas Brooks, Christian Carlson, James Dal- ton, Alick V. Granland, John Hart, John Kilroy, Michael Lawler, Patrick H. Lannon, John H. Martin, Franklin M. Marriat, Alfred Merritt, John W. O'Neil, Edward H. Opits, Gustave Pe- terson, Elizur Sage ; recruits transferred from 117th Illinois Infantry, Peter Capps, John R. Ed- wards, George Jenkins, Burgess Pugh, Thomas J. Rumley, Harvey A. Rumley, Joseph Weddell, William Watson; recruits transferred from 124th Illinois Infantry, Gilbert Barnhart, Benjamin Blackman, Tobias Blackman, Henry Brown, Wil- liam H. Crowder. SIXTY-EIGHTJI ILLINOIS INFANTRY, COMPANY B. Captain, Daniel F. Coffey; fi-rst lieutenant, Judson J. C. Gillespie ; second lieutenant, Wil- liam Reynolds ; first sergeant, ITiram Barrett ; sergeants, Eugene Gray, David D. Kidwell, Henry C. Kenney, Martin V. B. Smith; corpo- rals, Robert B. Robinson, John Fulford, Sylvanus Fee, Bcthuel H. Rowland, Nathan T. Phillips, Jackson L. Gibbs, Isaac N. Craig, Jesse E. Al- corn ; musicians, William Trumbull, William ' Shinn ; wagoner, Thaddeus G. Nesbitt ; privates, John A. Alexander, Charles W. Allen. Thomas Bates, Benjamin Bates, Aaron Birt, William F. Barrett, Benjamin Baldwin, Benjamin Beckford, Charles G. Bradbury, William Bernard, James Bernard, Abner Booth, John Blake, Harvey Booth, Joseph C. Clark, John H. Carnes, Nathan F: Coffey, John Campbell, Meredith W. Coffey, Michael Cocran, Allison Cryder, Thomas Collins, James Clark, George Collyer, John Collins, Na- than Decker, Isaiah Doosenbery, George DeHa- ven, Charles Dorsey, William Dorsey, Joseph Donner, Samuel Elwood, John Farrell, James Fields, John Farnsworth, Arthur Gillum, Nathan V. Gossett, James K. Gibbs, Thomas Gray, Ira O. Gray, Harvey R. Gray, Thomas Gray, Edward Higgins, John Hibbs, John Hobson, William Hull, Henry Ingalls, William Ingalls, Hamilton Johnson, Joseph Jemison, John W. Kidwell, Sam- uel Linsey, William Miller, Samuel McCune, Selah Mors, Milton McCartney, John B. Petrie, James W. Pyle, Edwin A. Rockwell, George Reed, Thos. IT. B. Snedeker, Jerome Stoddai;d, Peter Scholl, Joseph K. Sharp, William Seaborn, Frederick Sebers, Henry C. Sebers, Lewis Sebers, Walter J. Scott, Henry C. Steele, Job W. Tripp, William Tanner, Clinton P. Vandermint, Thomas J. Wade, Dawson Wade, Wallace Wells, Nimrod F. White, Martin J. S. Wampier. SEVENTY-TI-IIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY, COMPANY H. Captain, James I. Davidson ; first lieutenants, Samson Purcell ; James B. Wolgermuth ; second lieutenants, Clement L. Shinn, DeWitt C. Sim- mons ; first sergeant, DeWitt C. Simmons ; ser- geants, Uriah Warrington, John W. Sherrick, 66 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Tames B. \\'olgeniiuth ; corporals, William Cam- mire, Joseph J. Goullee, Jesse B. Newport, Thomas Wade, Elijah Bazin, George Johnson, James Anthou)- : privates, Samuel Anthony, Wil- liam Anthony, Charles Bickerdike, Simeon Bald- win, Richard Bickerdike, James Biddle, James Bickerdike, Henry Bennett, Henry W. Butter- field, Elijah Brown, Thomas C. Biddle, George W. Bradberry, Thomas Bradberry, Joseph D. Cawthon, Samuel C. Cohenour, Martin Culler, Smith Culler, Joshua Duran, James Dolby, Wil- liam Dickerson, Mark Dickerson, Hiram Evans, Marion Fuller, James Greene, Josiah Goolman, Archibald Goodwin, Samuel Gargess, Daniel Hanlan, AMlliam H. Harris, John Hedges, James Hedges, Nathaniel Lynd, James Lytle, Isaac Lytle, Jeremiah Lytle, Isaac McCune, Edwin McCallister, William McKibbon, Charles Mc- Clane, John T. ^IcCallister, Joshua Mummy, James McKnight, Edward Nettleton, Giles H. Penstone, Andrew J. Phillips, Edward Penstone, John W. Rush, William H. H. Swin, David Turn- icliff, Nathaniel M. Thompson, John W. Thomp- son, Edward Thayer, Nathaniel L. Watson, Al- pheus Winegar, John Yelliott ; recruits. Able Carnes, Lafayette Leeds, Francis A. Phillips. Some Pike county men were in other regiments, Henry C. Thompson and Mason M. Thompson being members of the Seventy-eighth Illinois In- fantry and Leonard H. Orion and Benjamin F. Taylor of the Eigthy-fourth. NTNETY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY. Colonel, Geo. W. K. Bailey; lieutenant-colonels, Lemuel Parke, Asa C. Matthews ; majors, Edwin A. Crandall, Asa C. Matthews, John F. Richards ; adjutants, Marcellus Ross, Harvey D. Johnson, Joseph R. Furry ; quartermasters, Isaac G. Hodgen, Joshua K. Sitton, James F. Greathouse ; surgeons, Joseph H. Ledlie, Edwin jMay ; first as- sistant surgeons, Archibald E. McNeal, John F. Curtiss ; second assistant surgeon, Abner F. Spen- cer; chaplains, Oliver .\. Topliff, William M. Evans ; sergeant majors, Robert H. Criswell ; James ¥. Greathouse, AA'illiam L. Carter; quarter- master sergeants, Harve)- D. Johnson, Robert H. (iriffin, Erastus Foreman; conimissar\- sergeants, Joseph R. Furr}-, Thompson J. Beard; hospital stewards, Jas. K. Worthington, George T. Brooks ; principal musicians, Fordyce A. Spring, George Barber. COMPANY A. Captains, George T. Edwards, Isaac G. Hodgen ; first lieutenant, James K. Smith ; second lieutenants, James F. Stobie, Thomas A. Hub- bard, John W. Savior ; first sergeant, Thomas A. Hubbard ; sergeants, John W. Saylor, Edgar F. Stanton, Peter S. A^eghte, John H. Coulter; cor- porals, James Band, Charles H. Shaw, William W. Hale, Thompson G. j\Ioyer, Edmond L. Allen, Delos C. Boyd, John H. Heavner, John C. Moore- head; musicians. Spring A. Fordyce, George Bar- ber ; wagoner, John W. Murphy ; privates, Se- bastian B. Abrams, Henry L. Anderson, Edmond- son Altizer, Franklin Altor, James H. Blackburn, Richard Blackburn, George L. Bagby, John N. Byrd, Anderson P. Bowman, Robert L. Bowman, Charles W. Beard, Kingsbury Covery, David E. Cannon, Mark P. Cannon, James Cove}^, Wm. P. Chambers, Aaron Chamberlain, Wm. R. Dem- nouds, Benjamin F. Davis, William Dix, William • C. Dickson, Samuel AA'. Dobbins, William N. Fortune, William H. Fortune, John Fortune, John J. Foreman, George Foreman, Michael Foreman, Hamilton Grey, John H. Gre}', Thomas Gaffney, Alathew Gaffney, James M. Graham, William B. Hand, Willis Hand, George F. Hammer, Peter H. Ham, Isaac Hildreth, Henry Haskin, Henrv W. Hendrix, George W. Heavner, George Hofliman, Samuel Holloway, Joseph James. Russell R. Johnson, Elisha Johnson, Solomon Kaisinger, Jaret N. Long, Henry Lucas, Charles E. Main, Robert B. Morris, Franklin A. Moran, Oliver Jilartin, Daniel Mills, William F. ]Mathews, Peter McKenna, William Ogle, Lewis C. Paine, John J. Perry, James W. Parks, James Rush, Peter R. Rogers, Charles Rogers, James P. Rogers, Orin S. C. Rogers, Michael Rafter, John W. Smith, Simon W. Scott, David D. String, George W. Shaw, Flenry L. Shaw, Lyman J. Shaw, John W. Sparrow, Christopher Turner, AA'ebster E. Tozier, William Tedrow, Flenry A. Wade, \A'allace \A'ee- thee, James W'illiamson, John AA^eaver; recruits, Franklin Aldrich, Robert H. Criswell, Alonzo Tozer. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 67 COMPANY B. Captains, Benjamin L. Matthews, James W. Fee ; first lieutenants, James W. Fee, James A. Elledge, Harvey Thornbury ; second lieutenants, James A. Elledge, Harvey Thornbury, Milton L. Tiell ; first sergeant, Harvey Thornbury ; ser- geants, John H. Battles, Samuel A. Kelsey, Christian Hearle, Thomas M. Triplet; corporals, George B. Peeples, Milton L. Tull, David M. Dickinson, Jesse Johnson, Allen B. Haughey, Cephas D. Vertrees, Stephen Mullens, James W. Carr ; musicians, Alonzo C. Cobb, Joel H. El- ledge ; privates, Francis M. Ayers, Charles H. Allen, James M. Birt, John B. Baldwin, Elisha M. Barrett, John T. Bratten, Henry Conover, Miles Chenoweth, John Davis, Levi R. Ellis, John Fer- rell, Josiah P. Gould, James Gould, Matthias Gregory, Charles A. Hobbs, William Hurley, Daniel B. Higgins, Louis Harling, Charles B. Hightower, Harvey D. Johnston, John M. Klaus, Adolphus Kallasch, Owen F. Kaylor, Morris Kel- lenbach, Nicholas Kaylor, Thomas Kaylor, Xjeorge Lipkaman, Aaron Maddux, George Mad- dux, George S. Metz, John J. Mayo, George Mull, Benjamin Noble, John W. Newingham, Albert Noble, Oliver R. Nobk, Edward Nicholas, Au- gustine Piper, Abraham Piper, Henry W. Peters, James B. Razey, Francis Rettig, John M. Sheer, Frederick Straus, August Straus, John Stro- hecker, Jacob Schnider, Thomas J. Taber, Adol- phus Thomas, Henry Velte, Henry Wilson, John Williams, Henry Waldron, Francis Waldron, Henry Winters, William D. Wood, William C. Walpole, Leonard Waggoner, William Webel, Augustus D. Watson, Alexander Wilson, Jacob Zimmerman ; recruits, George W. Adams, James W. Adams, Cyrus Cheek, Thomas Dennis, Rich- ard Long. COMP.\NY C. Captains, Asa C. Matthews, John A. Ballard; first lieutenants, Joshua K. Sitton, Lucian W. Shaw, John A. Ballard, William B. Sitton, W. Henry Kinne ; second lieutenants, Lucian W. Shaw\ William B. Sitton ; first sergeant, John A. Ballard ; sergeants, Benjamin Moore, Edward Coulter, Louis P. Kinman, William B. Sitton; corporals, W. Henr)- Kinne, Rial A. Walker, James K. Worthington, James H. Blair, John S. Barkley, Alexander H. Walton, Henry H. An- drews ; musician, John Moore ; privates, Buel R. Adams, Richard Austin, William T. Armstrong, John Burns, Jacob Bunce, George T. Black, George \Y. Burge, Joseph D. Brooks, Henry Bis- sell. Perry Brazier, George Billings, Thomas Barry, William J. Bailey, Thompson J. Beard, Levi Barnett, John Badgely, Robert Cunningham, Andrew J. Creason, Harrison J. Curtis, Henry A. Curtis, Philip Donahoe, James D. Dickerson, Emanuel Ellis, Thomas B. Ellis, Joel Enderly, Patrick Flynn, Charles H. Forest, Barney Fey, Marion Francis, John Guthrie, Nathan Hunter, Nathaniel Clay Harris, Joseph S. Hubbard, Wil- liam Hargett, Charles L. Hammell, William Hines, John Irwin, William Ingraham, John Johnson, Reuben Jones, Thomas J. Jones, La- fayette Kendle, George W. Kendle, Henry Lozier, Stewart Lannum, John Lambert, Wm. Lotzen- heizer, William H. Lewis, Isaac McCune, Wil- liam W. McClintock, James W. McCune, Moses Mitchell, George McCanley, John McCauley, William E. Norris, John Nash, James Ogle, Wil- liam O'Brien, Amos Patterson, Charles E. Pettis, William K. Pratt, David Ralph, John Rutledge, Martilleus Roberts, Jonathan Smith, Solomon Spann, Charles W. Stewart, Theophilus Snyder, William A. Townsend, Francis M. Tucker, James Tinsdale, Jonathan C. Turnbaugh, Henry Wade, Robert Wells, William C. Wisdom, James Winner ; recruit, John W. Shinkle. COMPANY D. Captains, John F. Richards, William B.Claudy; first lieutenants, Francis M. Dabney, William B. Claudy, John B. Bowsman ; second lieutenants, William T. Mitchell, William B. Claudy, John Bowsman ; first sergeant, William B. Claudy ; ser- geants, John Bowsman, Leonard G. Burk, Wil- liam G. Hubbard, Dennis Badgley ; corporals, Thomas J. Higgins, Franklin A. Askew, Homer V. Harris, Jonathan Winner, George W. Sellers, James Badgley, John M. Hofifman, Jared Jessup ; privates, Theophilus A. Askew^, Calvin S. Allen, John R. Allen, Thomas H. Blair, Darius Baker, 68 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. John S. Bentky, x\ndrew PI. Baine, Henry D. Bowers, David S. Blanchard, Elias Bridgewater, William S. Barclay, John M. Brackley, David Croosan, Thomas Cochran, David Call, Henry Call, Henry J. Crim, Charles Chandler, James Cullen, AVilliam Croosan, Peter Duffey, Henry Davis, Henry Dutcher, Svlvester Dudley, John G. Dudley, Adam Decker, Reuben Dudley, Jesse Dudley, William Gay, Theodore W. Gates, John Guss, Jasper Gard, Thomas E. Gorton, John Gar- route, John A. Hall, Jr., Nimrod J. Hodges, Thomas W. Hankins, Reuben A. Hazen, Robert House, Granville Hall, Otis Hull, Henry L. Jack- son, John Kerr, Michael Lain, John W. Lippin- cott, Reuben Louder, Hiram Lillie, James Mcln- tyre, John M. Marlow, Francis McCauley, Charles McCartney, Andrew J. Morrow, Matthew W. Mclntyre, Daniel McMahan, William Mc- Clain, Justin J. Newell, Jacob S. Phennegar, Thomas J. Parrick, Jerome B, Plummer, Calvin Rice, Edmund B. Rice, Simpson Sellers, Andrew J. Smith, Henry A. Sackett, James C. Sperry, Samuel G. Smith, Alexander Packet, Nelson Wil- kins, Robert C. Woods, James L. Whitehouse, John White, Joseph Wright, William P. Ware, Joseph C. Williams, Joel Woodward, William H. Walker, William J. Young; recruits, Lewis W. Chase, Samuel Ellwood, Ezra Gates, Thomas Hamilton, William H. Johnson, James Tucker. COJrPANY E. Captains, John C. Dinsmore, Allen D. Richards : first lieutenants, Joseph G. Colvin, Allen D. Rich- ards, Robert H. Griffin ; second lieutenant, Allen D. Richards ; first sergeant, Daniel L. Roush ; ser- geants, Solomon Fisher, William H. Lindsey, Jonathan Holder, Robert H. Griffin; corporals, Christy Rvan, William Bagby, Isaac J. Dyer, An- drew J. Davidson, Erastus Foreman, Walter D. Kent, James H. Dye, Solomon Johnson ; musi- cians, Nicholas Main, David T. Dinsmore; pri- \'ates, George Anson, Roland Anson, John Angel, John T. Beard, Rufus Rirdsell, Thomas H. Black- etcr, John W. Blacketcr, A\^ashington Broadey, George T. Black, George W. Colvin, Jacob Cox., Morris Chaplin, .\ndrew J. Conner, Lewis Colvin, Joel Cox, William Cox, William P. Chambers, John J. Call, Jackson Colvin, Willis Daniels, Syl- vester Durall, William Davis, Martin V. Daniels, Elijah Paris, Ephraim S. Farthing, John W. Foreman, John J. Foreman, Elias Hammerton, Adam C. Hill, John Flack, George W. Hayton, Adams Hunter, Oliver Heavener, John H. Heav- ener, Milton A. Humphrey, Abel P. Johnson, William R. Johnson, Cornelius Johnson, Moses Lindsey, William A. Lansdon, Socrates Lee, Henry Lucas, Athemore Mitchell, Wyatt M. ^Mitchell, Cornelius !\Iitchell, Samuel W. Miller, William E. Norris, Rufus Reeves, Anderson Rut- kdge, Robert Ryan, Samuel Rutledge, Isaac C. Roach, James Stewart, Jr., James Stewart, Sr.,, Solomon Stone, Matthew Stewart, John Swader, David D. Tillman, Volney M. Willard, Wm. H. A^Voughton, Joseph G. Williams, Milton C. Williamson, Lewis Walker, James B. Williams, Samuel A. Willard, Thompson Westrope; re- cruits, Lewis Harper, Henry Smith, George Wilson. COMPANY F. Captains, Eli R. Smith, Daniel McDonald ; first lieutenants, Leonard Greaton, Jacob E. StaufTer; second lieutenants, Daniel McDonald, Jesse Parke; first sergeant, Jacob E. Staufifer ; ser- geants, Jones H. Whitney, Milton Batley, Elias Reed, William H. H. Callis ; corporals, Robert Cannon, John F. Davis, John M. Campbell, Wil- liam Edom, John C. Robinson, George W. De- spain, George H. Webb, James Albert Lee; mu- sicians, Levi Gardner, John H. Ashley; wagoner, Frank Rettig ; privates, George W. Allen, James Anderson, Edwin Brown, Thomas Bentley, Henry C. Boggs, William H. Beckman, Nicholas Cun- ningham, Charlesi A. Campbell, Frank Cooper, Henry Collins, AVilliam Carpenter, James Carpen- ter, Harrison Daigh, William C. Duf¥, Henry C. Deacon, Samuel L. Emery, Walter C. Elder, John Edom, Dele Elder, Samuel T. Fesler, Adam Hofsess, Wm. H. Henderson, Thomas J. Hodge, Andrew J. Johnson, James M. Job, Reed Lee, Nathaniel Medaugh, Samuel Mitchell, John E. Miller, Solomon Ogle, Andrew J. Osborn, Albert Phillips, James Palmer, Stephen Powell, Jesse Park, Zachariah Reeder, Nathan Razey, James C. Robinson, Bruce H. Robinson, Andrew Rubert, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 69 Cephas G. Rounds, Henry Stevens, Stephen Sey- bold, Abram W. Scontain, Benjamin Scontain, John W. Sparrow, John Steel, Samuel G. Short, William A'arner, Lyman Vanhyning, Wells Van- hyning, Wallace W. Winegar, Samuel F. Wil- liams, Thomas Westfall, Walter D. Waters, Archi- bald E. Wood, William A. Wood, John W. Wood, Nelson M. Wilson, Charles G. Wilson; recruit, Thomas Collins. COMPANY G. . Captains, Henry D. Hull, Henry B. Atkinson ; first lieutenants, James H. Crane, Henry B. At- kinson ; second lieutenant, Lewis Button ; first sergeant, Henry B. Atkinson ; sergeants, William Crawford, David S. Hill, Abram Mullenix, Cyrus McFadden ; corporals, William R. Conkright, William H. Cowden, James C. Newport, George W. Lyman, John A. McEadden, Oliver S. Goodsell, James A. McCoy, William Elliott : musicians, William Hawk, John J. John- son ; privates, James S. Alexander, William H. Alexander, John B. Bowman, Samuel Bollman, William H. Betts, Charles H. Betts, George M. Bringle, Benjamin E. Baker, Joseph Burnes, Bal- lard T. Collins, James jM. Collins, Townsend H. Carver, Thomas Dobson, Don F. Drake, James M. Eddy, Harrison Emerson, Joseph H. Fisher, John S. Gilles, George H. Hazelrigg, Thos. J. Hen- drickson, Solomon Hendrickson, Horace Haskins, Joel Houchens, Andrew House, Alexander M. Irving, Oscar F. Johns, Samuel F. Kesterson, Noah W. Kelso, John N. Littler, James Laxson, William T. Low, William C. Lovett, Asa C. Lovett, Chapman Leek, William McCurdy, Rob- ert McFadden, William Maxwell, David Morris, George W. Meyer, Ezra Nighswonger, James B. Orr, Martin O'Grady, James S. Oliver, James Posten, James Parsons, Henry Proctor, John Price, William Ransom, Andrew J. Smart, Robert L. Smith, William Strawmatt, Edson Saxbery, Samuel Satterlee, Moses L. Stanley, Franklin Thompson, Francis A. Thomas, Bartlett Toombs, Thomas Veal, Edward West, William H. Wine- ger, William Walker, James H. Watson, John W. Willis, George Whitner, Jr., Bradford Wilson ; recruits, Christian M. Butz, Solomon Hadischer, William H. Nelson, Jeptha A. Wiles. COMPANY H. Captains, Lewis Hull, Melville D. Massie; first lieutenants, Melville D. Massie, Benjamin L. Blades, Daniel Riley ; second lieutenants, Gott- fried A\'enzel, Benjamin L. Blades ; first sergeant, Benjamin L. Blades; sergeants, John G. Furniss, Talman F. Andres, Solomon E: Thomas, Alfred Lawson ; corporals, Hamilton H. Devol, Alexan- der Smith, Jesse Hull, James M. Baird, William P. Ham, James M. Burke, Richard W. Kennedy, Thomas S. Wilson ; musicians, David D. Hull, William J. Ezell ; wagoner, Jonathan Halsted ; privates, Orrin P. Allen, John M. Ambers, Cor- nelius V. Burke, Henry Bowman, Thomas W. Bowman, Isaac Brewster, Moses Bryant, Ralph Bryant, William Bailey, George Brooks, Isaiah Collins, John Conley, Patrick Conley, John Caves, August Glaus, John T. Dickey, Robert Dickson, Henry Durfee, Lavosier Farnsworth, William Fitzpatrick, Herman Green, Lewis C. Gillum, John Cudgel, Joseph Cudgel, Daniel W. Godwin, Dudley Gates, Seton Llampton, John Higgins, John Hardesty, John W. F. Hudson, George Hughes, Michael B. Johnson, Nicholas F. Kerr, Edward Lowe, Simon E. Likes, James W. Lyon, William Marshall, Peter McGraw, Joseph W. McAtee, Byron McGonigel, James Montieth, Frederick Nutting, William M. Owings, Joseph Robertson, Daniel Riley, John Sharp, John C. Smith, Dennis Smith, William W. Smith, John M. Saxer, Henry Saxer, Adam Schaffnit, John Shafliner, John Sullivan, John Stumbaugh, Charles R. Turner, Samuel P. Travis, John Toohey, Joseph P. VanZant, Charles Witte ; recruits, Samuel Curry, John Neusel, Eliud Sells. COMPANY I. Captain, Joseph G. Johnson ; first lieutenants, John G. Sever, George S. Marks ; second lieu- tenant, Robert E. Gilleland ; first sergeant, George S. Marks; sergeants, Joseph Dugdall, Walter S. Morgan, William L. darter, Israel M. Piper ; corporals, Silas C. Walters, Henry Sowers, Francis M. Fultz, Lemuel W. Shock, Alexander H. Wampler, Thomas A. Sowers, William Dillon, Philip D. Greathouse ; musi- 70 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. cians, John W. Borren, Thomas J. Bagby ; wa- goner, Isaac S. Brown; privates, Thomas J. Al- bert, Philip Augustine, William H. Bacus, Luth- er Bacus, Conway Battershell, William R. Bat- tershell, William J. Bowman, Henry M. Cade, ITenry C. Clemmens, J. G. Coursen, James A. Canterberry, William Callencler, Joseph Collins, David S. Cranton, George D. Chapman, Henry H. Coonrod, Nicholas B. Collins, Alvin C. Evett, Elisha N. Ford, James Foster, William R. Fos- ter, Ethan S. Gridley, James F. Greathouse, Isaac A. Groce, Robert Gorman, John C. Gibbs, Winchester Good, Powhattan Hatcher, Eli Hanks, John Holoway, David J. Holowa)', John R. Hoover, Marcus Hull, Martin S. Hos- ford, Henry Hosford, Oscar M. Hickerson, Andrew J. Kirk, Ransom Kessinger, Elijah Lakin, Timothy Laughlin, Henr}^ Liles, Wil- liam P. Lee, Nathan G. Mills, John H. Nicolay, James Patterson, William P. Pease, Henry Perry, John H. Pierce, Stephen F. Richards, Julius J. Smitherman, Ephraim C. Statham, Francis J. Shireman, Marquis D. Tucker, Oscar Tucker, James L. Thurman, Lorenzo D. Taylor, Solomon E. A^ickroy, David Walk, Jasper F. Walk, John A. Wood,' Eli Wilkins, William M. Watt; re- cruits, James Callender, Israel G. Garrison, Rob- ert N. Long, Thomas J. Modie, Jeremiah Mor- ton, James H. Silkwood, Robert R. Tisenger, Andrew J. Williams, James T. Whyte. COMPANY K. Captains, Isaiah Cooper, John G. Sever ; first lieutenants, William Gray, Augustus Hubbard, Zebulon B. Stoddard; second lieutenants, Thom- as J. Kinman, John Andrew ; first sergeant, James Hubert ; sergeants, Augustus Hubbard, John Andrew, John A. Hooper, John C. Ellis ; corpo- rals, Zebulon B. Stoddard, William Kirtright, Clayton B. Hooper, Samuel D. Livingston, Rob- ert Brown, Thomas Potter, Benjamin Bruno, Edwin E. Gray ; musician, Henry Flubbard ; pri- vates, Joseph Ackels, John Brown, Joshua Burk- head, John C. Bennett, Clark P. Bebee, Lorenzo D. Burdeck, Able R. Burdeck, William H. Brown, Daniel Barnes, James Harve\' Barnes, Hiram Burton, Harrison Brown, John F. Barnes, John W. Burkhead, John Barrow, Robert L. Jjowman, Anderson P. Bowman, Levi Barnet, George W. Burge, Stephen T. Conkright, James H. Clarkson, William Crowder, George W. Con- det, Daniel Case, Absalom Cfimmings, Isaac S. Dumford, Charles L. Eastman, William W. Ellis, Dele Elder, Gilbert H. Faulkner, Marion Fran- cis, Benjamin Gray, William R. Hooper, Henry Hillman, John B. Hartshorn, William Hines, Xurry M. Inglasbe, James M. Job, Samuel K. Mc- Int)-re, James Miller, Edward McLaughlin, John Magary, Claborn Morgan, William Morrow, Jacob J. Miller, Thomas P. Ogden, Robert Paull, John T. Petty, Isaac Piper, George W. Sackett, C)Tus C. Shaffner, William Smith, Thomas Sharks, John Sackett, Caleb Shinn, John Saylor, Abraham Saylor, Perry Smith, John P. Spicer, George Schaffer, Dudley S. Shipton, James Po- land, Thomas Toland, Edward Taylor, William Vanpelt, Jr., Charles G. Wilson ; recruits, John A. Askew, John A. Allen, Henry Dillon, Almond C. Hadsell, Nathan A. Hadsell, Solomon P. Hooper, James M. Parkes, George W. Pine, John W. Wright ; unassigned recruits, Edward W. Briscoe, Samuel Carr, Albert Cousins, Jasper Foster, James M. Hendrickson, George Luzadder, Mitchell Long, Lewis Peters, Joseph Penrod, Jabez R. Sickles, Lee B. Thompson, Alexander Webb. HISTORY OF NINETY-NINTH INFANTRY. The Ninety-ninth Infantry was organized in Pike county, in August, 1862, by Col. George W. K. Bailey, of Pittsfield, and was mustered in at Florence, Pike county, August 23, by Capt. J. H. Rathbone ; on the same day moved to St. Louis, JMo., and went into Benton Barracks on the 24th, where it received its equipments, being the first regiment out of the State under the call of 1862. September 8 was sent to RoUa, Mo., thence, September 17, to Salem, Dent county, thence, November 20, to Houston, Texas county. Was assigned to the brigade of Brig.-Gen. Fitz Henry Warren. Was engaged in a skirmish at Bear Creek, losing i killed, 4 wounded and I taken prisoner, and in the battle of Hartsville, lost 35 killed and wounded. January 27, 1863, moved to West Plains, Ho- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 71 well county, reporting to Brigadier-General Da- vidson. ^larch 3 moved to Pilot Knob, thence to St. Genevieve. ]\larch 15 embarked for Millikens Bend, La.; was assigned to General Benton's Brigade, Gen. E. H. Carr's Division, General McClelland's Thirteenth Arm}- Corps. Left ]\Iillikens Bend April 11, arrived at New Carthage 22d. Marched down Roundaway Ba- you in Louisiana, passed Vicksburg and Grand Gulf. Crossed the river April 30, and after marching all night met the enem)' at Magnolia Hills, near Port Gibson, Miss., lost thirty-seven killed and wounded. Marched with General Grant's Army toward Jackson, Miss., was held in reserve at the battle of Champion Hills (the hardest one-day battle fought in the West). Started into the engage- ment at nightfall, pursued the retreating rebels to Edwards Station, and engaged them the next . morning ; charged upon their works at Black river, and drove them across the river, capturing many prisoners. Our loss was light. On the 19th of May was at the defenses of Vicksburg. On the 22d the regiment took a prominent part in the assault, losing out of 300 men, 103 killed and wounded. The Colonel and Major were wounded early in the clay, leaving Captain A. C. [Matthews in command. Its line, dviring the day, was close to the enemy's works, and its colors planted on their breastworks. This position was held by the Ninty-ninth until 4 o'clock P. M., when it was relieved by another' regiment, and moved back 150 yards, to where its knapsacks had been left. . While calling roll, the line which had relieved the regiment was driven back in great confusion. The Ninty- ninth advanced, and opening a heavy fire drove the enemy back into his works and held him there probably saving the whole division from a stampede. Was engaged, during the siege, in General Benton's Brigade — Eighth and Eighteenth In- diana, and Thirty-third and Ninety-ninth Illi- nois. The Ninety-ninth lost, during the entire campaign and siege, 253 — killed, wounded and missing. On July 5 the Ninth, Thirteenth and Fifteenth Corps, Major-Cjeneral Sherman commanding, moved after Johnston's Army to Jackson. Re- turned to \^icksburg Jul)- 24. On the 21st of Au- gust moved to New Orleans, and on the 26th, went into camp at Brashear City. October 3, 1863, the Campaign of the Tesche was commenced. The regiment was in several skirmishes, and a detachment of the regiment, Capt. A. C. Matthews commanding, was engaged in the battle of Grand Coteau. On the 9th of November, returned to Brashear City and moved to New Orleans. In the assault at Vicksburg May 22, the color bearer, the gallant voung hero, William Sitton, was wounded, when the invincible Tom Higgins grasped the stars and stripes, and carried them into the breastworks, where he was captured, and lost the stand of colors. In 1873 the colors were sent from Richmond, Va., to Philadelphia, Pa., thence to Springfield, 111., where they are now. Stains of blood can yet be seen on them, the patriot blood of the lamented Sitton. November 16, embarked for Texas. On the 25th, landed at Mustang Islanu, ann, marchmg up to Matagorda Island, commenced the attack on Fort Esperanza, which was soon surrendered. The Ninety-ninth remained in Texas during the spring of 1864. On the 1 6th of June, 1864, it evacuated the island, and reported to General Reynolds, at Al- giers, La. The regiment performed garrison duty on the Mississippi during the entire sum- mer, in First Brigade, Brigadier-General Slack ; First Division, General Dennis ; Nineteenth Corps, General Reynolds. The Ninety-ninth was brigaded with Twenty-first Iowa, Twenty- ninth Wisconsin and Forty-seventh Indiana. In November, 1864, moved to Memphis. Here the regiment was consolidated into a Battalion of five Companies, and Lieu. -Col. A. C. Matthews assigned to command. Colonel Bailey, and the other supernumerary officers, being mustered out. Moved to Germantown, and went on duty guarding railroad. On December 25, three men of the battalion were captured and murdered by guerrillas. Moved to Memphis, December 28. On 72 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. January i, 1865, embarked for New Orleans, and arrived on the 9th. On February ist, embarked for Dauphine Island, Ala. Was assigned to the First LSrigade, First Division, Thirteenth Corps, with Twentv-first Iowa, Forty-seventh Indiana and Twentv-ninth Wisconsin — General Slack commanding the brigade, Brigadier-General Veatch commanding the division. On March 17th moved to Fort Morgan, and, on the 26th, arrived at Fish river. Took part in the siege of Spanish Fort, until the 30th, when the division was sent to General Steele's Army, and, April I, went into position at Fort Blakely. The Nintv-ninth assisted in its investment and capture, and, on the 12th, entered Mobile. In June, 1865, the division was ordered to Red river, to receive the surrender to Kirby Smith, and it proceeded to Shreveport, La. From this place Colonel Matthews was detailed to proceed, with a body-guard of the Sixth Missouri Cavalry to the Indian Territory, and receive the surren- der of Brigadier-Generals Cooper and Stand- waite, and to form temporary treaties of peace with the Indian tribes. The Colonel formed trea- ties with ten tribes — including the Choctaws, Cherokees, Chickasaws, and Osages — and re- turned (having traveled a thousand miles) on the 3d of July. On the 19th of July, ordered to Baton Rouge. On the 31st of July, mustered out by Capt. E. S Hawk, A. C. M. Arrived at Springfield, 111., August 6, 1865, and received final payment and discharge, Au- gust 9, 1865, and by midnight of the same day the surviving veterans were in their own county. The Ninety-ninth had three years of active service and were in the States of Missouri, Ar- kansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana and Alabama. The Ninety-ninth was often honored by hav- ■ ing important staff positions given to its line offi- cers. Captain, afterward Colonel Matthews, was on staff duty with different Generals, also Lieu- tenants Sever, Bowsman and Kinne. Captain Massie was A. A. Q. M. and A. A. C. S., and was A. A. A. General in the battles at Spanish Fort and Blakely. No particular distinction is claimed for the officers named, but this mention is due them, and the regiment, as the position came to them unsought, and the survivors of the old regiment take just pride in remembering the gal- lant and famous commanders with whom they served, namely, Grant, Sherman, Granger, Steele, Reynolds, Canby, Carr, McGinnis, Veatch, Slack, Lawler, Washburn and Schenck. Shortly after their discharge the survivors, their wives and sweethearts, were given a grand dinner by the citizens of Pittsfield, where three vears before over 900 men had marched out to do and die for their country. At the banquet less than 350 partook of the feast. The Ninety-ninth was in the following bat- tles and skirmishes : Beaver Creek, Mo., Harts- ville, Mo., Magnolia Hills, Miss., Raymond, Miss., Champion Hills, Miss., Black River, Miss., Vicksburg, Miss., Jackson, Miss., Fort Espe- ranza, Tex., Grand Coteau, La., Fish River, Ala., Spanish Fort, Ala., and Blakely, Ala. No. days under fire 62 No. of miles traveled 5,900 No. of men killed in battle 38 No. of men died of wounds and disease. . . . 149 No. of men discharged for disability 127 No. of men deserted 35 No. of officers killed in battle 3 No. of officers died 2 No. of officers resigned 26 ORDER OF CONSOLIDATION. HEADQUARTERS NINETEENTH .\RMY CORPS, Mouth of White River, Ark., Nov. 25, 1864. Special Field Orders, No. 26. Extract. II. In accordance with the provisions of Gen- eral Orders, No. 86, War Department, April 2, 1863, the Ninety-ninth Regiment Illinois Volun- teers is hereby consolidated into a Battalion of five Companies — A, B, C, D, and E — officers as follows, viz. : A. C. Matthews, lieutenant-colo- nel ; Edwin May, surgeon ; John T. Curtis, as- sistant surgeon; William M. Evans, chaplain; J. R. Furry, first lieutenant and adjutant; J. F. Greathouse, first lieutenant and R. Q. M. ; John F. Richards, captain Company A ; James W. Fee, captain Company B ; M. D. Massie, captain Company C ; J. G. Hodgen, captain Company D ; PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 73 John A. Ballard, captain Company E ; W. A. Clandy, first lieutenant Company A ; J. E. Stauf- fer, first lieutenant Company B ; H. B. Atkinson, first lieutenant Company C ; J. K. Smith, first lieutenant Company D ; N. H. Kinne, first lieu- tenant Company E; John Bowsman, second lieu- tenant Company A ; Joseph Dugdell, second lieu- tenant Company B ; William L. Carter, second lieutenant Company C ; Sylvester Durall, second lieutenant Company D ; Clayton B. Hooper, sec- ond lieutenant Company E. The commissioned officers not designated above will be mustered out of service. The following named non-commissioned offi- cers, rendered supernumerary, will also be mus- tered out of service, viz : First Sergeant John H. Battles, First Sergeant John H. Coulter, First Sergeant Daniel W. Goodwin. By command of Maj.-Gen. J. J. Reynolds. S. C. Farrington,, Major and A. A. A. G. NINETY-NINTH (CONSOLIDATED) IN- FANTRY. THREE years' SERVICE. Colonel, Asa C. Matthews ; lieutenant-colonel, Asa C. Matthews; adjutant, Joseph R. Furry; quartermaster, James F. Greathouse ; surgeon, Edwin May ; first assistant surgeon, John F. Curtis ; chaplain, William M. Evans ; sergeant- majors, William L. Carter, Robert B. Morris; quartermaster sergeant, Erastus Foreman ; com- missary-sergeant, Thompson J. Beard ; hospital steward, George T. Brooks ; principal musicians, Fordyce A. Spring, George Barber; captain, John F. Richards; first lieutenant, William B. Clandy; second lieutenant, John Bowsman; first sergeant, William G. Hubbard; sergeants, Thomas J. Higgins, Milton Batley, Elias Reed, Homer V. Flarris ; corporals, John M. Camp- bell, George W. Sellers, William Edom, James Badgley, John C. Robinson, Justin J. Newell, John W. Woods, John M. Marlow ; privates, 5 John R. Allen, Thomas H. Blair, Darius Baker, John S. Bentley, Andrew H. Baine, Elias Bridge- water, William S. Barkley, John M. Brackley, Henry C. Boggs, William FI. Beckman, William H. Cooper, Charles A. Campbell, Robert Cannon, Thomas Cochran, Henry Call, Charles Chandler, James Cullen, Lewis W. Chase, Thomas Collins, Sylvester Dudley, John G. Dudley, Adam Deck- er, George W. Despain, Harrison Daigh, Wil- liam C. Duff, John Edom, Samuel T. Fesler, Wil- liam Gay, Theodore W. Gates, Thomas E. Gor- ton, John W. Garroute, Ezra Gates, Thomas Hamilton, John A. Hall, Jr., Thomas W. Han- kins, Reuben A. Hazen, Adam Hofsess, William H. Henderson, Thomas J. Hodge, Andrew J. Johnson, William H. Johnson, John Kerr, Mich- ael Lane, John W. Lippincott, Reuben Louder, Reed Lee, Benjamin Morrel, Matthew W. Mc- Intyre, Jaines Mclntrye, Charles McCartney, Daniel McMahan, Jacob S. Phennegar, Jerome B. Plummer, James Palmer, Stephen Powell, Zachariah Reeder, Frank Rettig, Brice H. Rob- inson, Cephas G. Rounds, Calvin Rice, Edmond B. Rice, Andrew J. Smith, Flenry Stevens, Stephen Seybold, Charles Stuart, Samuel G. Short, Columbus Thompson, James Tucker, Wil- liam A^arner, Lyman Vanhyning, Wells Van- hyning, Wallace W. Wineger, Samuel F. Wil- liams, William D. Waters, John White, William P. Ware, Joseph C. Williams, William J. Young ; recruits, Augustus Beswick, Dennis Donnigan, Lewis Dejaynes, William A. Tanksley. COMPANY B. Captain, James W. Fee ; first lieutenant, Jacob E. Staufifer ; second lieutenant, Joseph Dugdell ; first sergeant, Christian Haerle ; sergeants, Charles A. Hobbs, Henry Sowers, Lemuel W. Shock, Alexander Wampler ; corporals, Jasper F. Walk, Robert Newingham, John B. Baldwin, James W. Carr, John A. Wood, Thomas J. Al- bert, Andrew J. Kirk, Henry C. Clemmons ; pri- vates, Philip Augustine, Charles H. Allen, George W. Adams, James M. Birt, William H. Bacus, Luther Bacus, John W. Borren, William R. Battershell, William J. Bowman, William H. Cade, James A. Canterbery, William Callender, 74 PAST y-VND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Nicholas B. Collins, James Callender, Henry H. C'":onro(l, Henry Conover, John Davis, David M. Dickinson, Thomas Dennis, Levi R. Ellis, Elisha N. I'ord, James h'oster, William R. Eoster, Isaac A. Groce, Ethan S. Girdles, Robert Gorman, John C. (jibbs, Israel G. Garrison, David J. Hol- o\va_\', Povvhatten Hatcher, John R. Ploover, ^lartin S. Hosford, ITenr_\- ITosford, \A'illiam Hurley, Daniel B. Elitjg'ins, Adolphus Kallasch, Morris Kallenbach, James IT. Kimball, Thomas Ka_\-lor. Owen T. Kaylor, Ransom Kessinger, William P. Lee, Timothy Laughlin, Robert N. Long, George Lipkaman, Richard Long, George S. Metz, John J. Ma}'0, Thomas J. Modie, Jere- miah M(jrton, John W. Newingham, Albert No- ble, Augustine Piper, H^enry W. Peters, "William P. Pease, Henry Perry, John H. Pearce, Stephen F. Richards, Ephraini C. Statham, Julius S. Smitherman, John M. Sheer. August Straus, Jacob Schneider, James II. .^ilkwood, Lorenzo D. Taylor, Oscar A. Tucker, ^Marquis D. Tucker, James L. Thurman, Robert Tisenger, Adolphus Thompson, Thomas J. Taber, William D. Wood, W'illiam C. Walpole, Leonard Waggoner, Au- gustus D. Watson, Alexander "Wilson, David Walk, Andrew J. Williams, James T. Whvte, Jacob Zimmerman; recruits, Augustus \A'. Bes- wick, Calvin J. Cupples, John Christian, Dennis Dunnegan, Samuel Manter, Zadock Pease, George Restine, Lorenzo D. Scott, William PI. Tanksle_\-, Henry Wells. coirPAXY c. Captain, Melville D. IMassie ; first lieutenant, Henry B. Atkinson ; second lieutenant, William L. Carter ; first sergeant, David S. Hill ; sergeants, Abram ^lullinix, Solomon E. Thomas, Cyrus Mc- Eaddin, James 1\I. Baird ; corporals, Oliver S. Goodsell, William H. Cowden, James C. New- port, Jonathan Halstead, John A. McEadden, Frederick Nutting, Charles R. Turner, Michael B. Johnston ; privates, James S. Alexander, John B. Bowman, Samuel Bollman, William H. Betts, Benjamin E. 'Baker, Christian M. Butz, William Crawford, Ballard T. Collins, James M. Collins, John Caves, Samuel Curry, John T. Dickey, Rob- ert Dickson, Thomas Dobson, Don F. Drake, Wil- liam J. Ezell, Lavosier Farnsvvorth, Joseph Cud- gel, Herman Green, Dudley Gates, John S. Gillis, George H. Hazelrigg, Thomas J. Hendrickson, Solomon Hendrickson, Andrew House, Horace Haskins, William Hawk, John Higgins, John W. F. Hudson, John Hardesty, David D. Hull, Alex- ander M. Irving, Oscar F. Johns, John J. John- ston, Noah W. Kelso, William C. Lovett, Asa C. Lovett, Edward Lowe, James Alontieth, Peter Mc- Graw, Byron McGonigle, William Marshall, Wil- liam ]\IcCurdy, George W. Mayer, William Max- well, David IMorris, James B. Orr, Martin O'Grady, James S. Oliver, Martin M. Pennick, James Posten, Henry Procter, Andrew J. Smart, Edson Saxbery. Moses L. Stanly, William Straw- mat, John Sharp, Henry Saxer, Adam Shafl:nit, William W. Smith, John C. Smith, Samuel C. Smith, Eliud Sells, John Stambaugh, Bartlett Toombs, Francis A. Thomas, William Walker, John W. Willes, Bradford W'ilson, Jeptha A. Wiles, George Whitner, Jr., Charles H. Wedding, Charles Witte ; recruits, Elijah ]\I. Butler, Calvin J. Cupples, Aaron Cohen, Henry Hosford, Wil- liam Riddle. COMPANY D. Captain, Isaac G. Hodgen ; first lieutenant, James K. Smith ; second lieutenant, Sylvester Du- rall : first sergeant, Peter S. Veghte ; sergeants, Walter D. Kent, Charles H. Shaw, Henr)- L. An- derson, Christy Ryan ; corporals, W'illiam F. iMa- thews. John Hack, William H. Fortune, John T. Beard, Isaac Hildreth, Andrew J. Connor, Ro- land Anson, Orin S. C. Rogers ; privates, Sebas- tian B.Abrams, George Anson, John Angel, George L. Bagby, George W. Baird, John N. Bvrd, George T. Bla'ck, Kingsbury Covery, James Covey, David E. Cannon, Aaron Chamberlin, William Cox, Joel Cox, Jackson Colvin, George W. Colvin, Wil- liam C. Dickson, Benjamin F. Davis, David T. Dinsmore, Willis Daniels, ^lartin V. Daniels, Ephraim S. Farthing, John J. Foreman, Thomas Gaiifney, Matthew GaiTney, William B. Hand, Willis ITand, Henry W. Hendrix, Henry Hos- kins, Samuel Hollow'ay, Elias Hammerton, Oliver Heavener, John IT. Heavener, Adam C. Hill, Rus- sell R. Johnson, William R. Johnson, Jaret N. Long, Moses Lindsey, Charles E. Main, Robert PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 75 B. Morris, Oliver Martin, Daniel Mills, John W. ^lurph)-, Franklin A. Moran, Peter McKinna, Athamore Mitchell, Cornelius Mitchell, Samuel W. Miller, Nicholas Main, Lewis C. Paine, John J. Perry, James Rush, Peter R. Rogers, James P. Rogers, Anderson Rutledge, Isaac C. Roach, Sam- uel Rutledge, Edgar F. Stanton, Simon W. Scott, John W. Smith, David D. String, John W. Spar- row, Henry L. Shaw, James Stewart, Jr., James Stewart, Sr., Matthew Stewart, John Swader, Henry Smith, Christopher Turner, Alonzo Tozer, William Tedron, Wallace Weethee, William H. Wroughton, ]\Iilton C. Williamson, Samuel A. \\'illard, Lewis Walker, George \\'ilson. COMPANY E. Captain, John A. Ballard; first lieutenant, W. Henry Kinne ; second lieutenant, Clayton B. Hooper: first sergeant, John C. Ellis; sergeants. James L. Hubert, William A. Townsend, William P. Kirtright. I\Io.ses IMitchell ; corporals. Samuel D. Livingston. Robert Brown, Thomas Potter, James Harvey Barnes, William C. Wisdom, Charles IT. Forrest, Robert Cunningham, Charles W. Stewart; wagoner, Xurry M. Ingalsbe ; pri- vates, John A. Askew, John A. Allen, Tluel R. Adams, Richard Austin, \\'illiam T. Armstrong, Flenry H. Andrews, Jacob Bunce, Joseph D. Brooks, Henry Bissell, Perrv Brazier, William J. Bailey. John Badgley. George Billings, Lorenzo D. Burdick, Abel R. Burdick, William H. Brown. Benjamin Bruno, Daniel Barnes, John F. Barnes. John AV. Burkhead, Robert L. Bowman, Levi Barnett, Stephen T. Conkright, James H. Clark- son, George W. Condet. Daniel Case, Isaac S. Dumford. Henry Dillon. Charles L. Eastman. William W. Ellis. Thomas B. Ellis. Barney Fey, Benjamin Grey, John Guthrie, William R. Hooper, Henry Hillman, Almond C. Hadsell, Na- than A. Hadsell, John B. Hartshorn, Nathan Hunter, Charles L. Hammell, John Irwin, Wil- liam Ingraham, Reuben Jones, Thomas J. Jones, George W. Kendle, Henry Lozier, Stewart Lan- num, William' Lotzennhizer, George McCauley, John McCauley, Edward McLaughlin, John Ma- gary, James Miller, John Nash, William O'Brien, Thomas P. Ogden, Robert Paull, John T. Petty, George W. Pine, Marion Pruett, Jonathan Smith, Solomon Spann, Andrew H. Smithers, John W. Shinkle. The(ii>hilus Snyder, George W. Sackett, Perry Smith, Thomas Starks, Abram Saylor, John Saylor, Cyrus C. Shaffner, James Toland, Thomas Toland. Francis M. Tucker, William Vanpelt, Jr., John W. Wright, Rial A. Walker; recruits Edward W. Briscoe. Albert Cousins, Jasper Fos- ter, George Louzadder, Lee B. Thompson; unas- signed recruits. Isaac Esque. Samuel Lane. Here is an interesting letter, written by Cap- tain no\v Colonel A. C. Matthews. May 24. 1863. to his wife after the desperate assault at Vicks- burg led b}- the Xinety-ninth Regiment, or the Pike County Regiment May 22, 1863. "My Dear Wife. "It is with pleasure I again take my pen in hand to write you a few lines. I shall not at- tempt at this time to give you any of the details of the five battles I have had the good luck to pass through, but want to write to let you know that I have been spared and have come through, unscathed and unscratched, and am, aside from being somewhat worn out, by marching and fatigue, well and in good spirits. On the 22d of this month our whole force made an assault upon the fortifications of Vicksburg, anrl accord- ing to my notion we were repulsed along the en- tire line ; that is, not being able to make an en- trance or permanent lodgment in the enemy's works. The fighting was of the most desperate character, and is is but little, if any, exaggeration to sa_\- that in places, end especially so on the ground where we contended, our dead and wounded almost covered the ground. We be- lieve we had the hardest point in the whole line, but of this I am not sure. Bv that I mean our division, brigade and regiment. "In the morning of the day of the assault we were in line in a little ravine back of what is known as the "Burnt Chimneys'' on the Bald- win's Ferry Road, and at 10 o'clock we moved forward by the flank in fours, up the ravine to the attack. We did not have far to go. and as soon as we struck the Baldwin's Ferry Road which ran by the fort, we were fired upon with terrific force and rapidity. We were to move against the fort and make our fight there, but our 76 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Regiment, which was in the lead of the brigade and of the division, and in the lead of everything, made the mistake of, after the first volley, pass- ing the fort with the left of the Regiment, leav- ing the right at the fort, to make the contest alone, until the reserves should arrive. Our loss during the day was 102 men in killed and wounded. We were right up against the enemy's works, and the left of the Regiment that moved forward as if to pass the fortifications and as- sault the rifie pits, exposed itself to a galling fire of the enemv at a distance of not over thirty yards. This added very considerably to our cas- ualty list. "The most of our men were killed in the first dash ; not less than ten minutes, I should say ; but there were men being wounded all day, and in retiring from the field at sunset I had two men wounded. Colonel Bailey and Major Crandall were among the wounded in the early part of the engagement, and then for the remainder of the day I commanded the Regiment, and have just been relieved late this afternoon of the com- mand by Colonel Park. Colonel Park was not in the assault. "We went on the battle-field at 10 o'clock and were relieved by Sanborn's brigade, McPherson's Corps, fresh troops about sundown. They did not remain on the field but a short time ; they came down the hill in a great hurry and came near creating a panic in camp, but I prevented it by having the remainder of our Regiment, less than one hundred strong, get into line and move out on picket where we stayed all night. "The killed in my Company were John Lam- bert, Charles Long and James Teasdale. The wounded were, as thev haA^e been reported to me at this time, AVilliam Sitton, color bearer, who handed the colors to ^lajor Crandall when wounded, who was also wounded ; J, K. Sitton, Thompson Beard, William O'Brien, Jonathan Smith, Moses Mitchell, Rial Walker and Joel Scurvin. Buel Adams was wounded in the battle at Magnolia ITills. Li mv next letter I will give you the killed and wounded of the entire Regi- ment, if I can ascertain their names, but at this time the wounded are not all in off the field, and it is impossible to state who they all are, and it is impossible to give the names of all of them, or how badly they were wounded. They have now been on the field two days and two nights. I don't care to tell you how bad things look, and how ter- rible the field is, but we feel sure in the end we will take the city; it may require a long siege, and it may take all summer, but if it does in the end I feel sure we will be victorious. After this campaign and siege is over I expect to come home for a day or two, and see you and the children, but whether I can or not will be doubtful. "A flag of truce has just been sent in, and the dead will doubtless be buried this afternoon. "Hoping that our lives may be spared to meet again, I am, "\''our afifectionate husband, "A. C. Matthews." Here follows a letter from Capt. M. D. Mas- sie to the Old Flag at Pittsfield in April, 1865. From the Ninety-ninth Illinois now operating before Mobile, Alabama, First Brigade, First Division, Thirteenth Army Corps. Mr. Editor: — While we were slowly but surely bringing Ala- bama back to her first love, I will give you a few notes under the shells and bullets from the army now operating here under General Canb_y, as- sisted by Generals Granger, A. J. Smith, \"eatch, Benton, Slack, Dennis and other able command- ers, with assistance from smaller shoulder straps and an amply sufficient number of the boys in blue. This grand army began its march on the 17th of last month and after building about twenty miles of corduroy road through the swr.mps of Mobile Point we arrived at Fish River, where we separated in three grand col- umns and after two da3''s' march we met the enemy on the morning of the 26th. After a run- ning skirmish fight we soon drove them into their works, night coming on settled the dav's action which resulted in our brigade (General Slack's), driving them from their position with a loss of one man killed and two wounded of the Twenty- first Iowa. On the morning of the twenty-sixth the rebels made a dash with cavalry on our ad- vance skirmish line and turned it's left flank, killing one and wounding seven of the Forty- seventh Indiana. Our brigade is composed of the Forty-seventh Indiana, Twenty-ninth Wiscon- PAST. AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 77 sin, Ninety-ninth Illinois and Twenty-first Iowa. The brigade advanced in line of battle and gained a close position to the enemy's stronghold, which is called Spanish Fort. The other brigades of the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Army Corps closed in and the action became general, then the can- nons belched forth their shot and shell, the min- nies went whistling over our heads and again the scenes of Vicksburg and other battle-fields were re-enacted. During the day a heavy rain fell but we kept our powder dry and our batteries and sharpshooters played upon our enemy's works and line until night. Then there was a lull in the battle and in a few minutes the opposing armies were wrapped in the sweet forgetfulness of sleep. Our Regiment lost but one man. Cor- poral Robinson of Company A. Our brigade lost only ten killed and wounded. The morning of the twenty-eighth opened very lazily and dur- ing the day there was little done. At night the enemy charged upon our left but were driven back with heavy loss. We did not lose a man. On the thirtieth the enemy opened with shell. They have the best artillery and their shells are well timed and they explode just where they want them. One shell exploded in the Twenty-ninth Illinois, killing four and wounding nine, another exploded over our Regiment, killing Reuben Jones of Company E. They rely more upon their artillery and torpedoes than they do in a fair stand up battle. They have their harbors and channels filled with infernal machines and their main roads with torpedoes, so whenever a wagon runs over them or a horse or man steps on them there is an immediate explosion often tearing men and horses to pieces. The navy is fast clearing out the channel and whenever we take prisoners the commanding general has them dig the torpe- does out of the road. In the afternoon of the 30th our division moved out of its works and went to the rear to guard a supply train to Gen- eral Steele who had left Pensacola, Florida, about the same time that our corps had left Fort Gaines, Alabama, and was out of rations and forage. We opened communications with General Steele on the 2d of April and then moved to this place, where we are waiting orders. The rebels hold Blakely with about 5,000 men and are reinforcing. Our lines are well formed and I presume we will do nothing more than to hold them here until Spanish Fort is reduced. Last night our fleet and land mortars gave the fort the heaviest bombardment it ever had. It was kept up for two hours. It has been very quiet down there to-day, some think they are evacuating. They admit a loss up to the present time of thirty-three killed and two hundred and forty-nine wounded. I saw Mo- bile Tribune of the 30th. I should judge from its tone that the Mobile citizens did not take a very large stock in the present strife. The paper says a great many Yankee sympathizers in Mobile, deserters and refugees say that the people are very tired of rebel rule and will hail with joy the day when Federal authority is again asserted over Alabama. Spanish Fort and Blakely are both on the east side of Mobile bay and are the principal outer defenses of the city and southern Alabama, and with the forces now operating against them they will soon have to yield and we will have an easy passage into the interior of the state, and from all we can learn, the people of Alabama have but lit- tle hope of their sinking craft, C. S. A., and when the old banner of our country floats over Mobile the state will soon fall into line and shake ofl: the curse of secession and rebellion. Boom ! boom ! our mortars are opening on Spanish Fort and away goes all speculation about surrender. The rebs have concluded to hold out a little longer and General Canby has put about forty mortars and siege guns in a commanding position so that they can not complain of cold treatment. They gave us a warm reception and now our batteries are returning the compliment with compound interest. The naval fleet has been prevented from taking a very active part thus far, in consequence of the many obstructions in the bay but they are rapidly clearing up the channel and just as soon as they run by the fort the rebel communication is cut and all is lost for them as we will have full control of the bay and all the most prominent ap- proaches to Mobile and the Alabama river. The officers and men of the Ninety-ninth are in good health and excellent spirits. Yours truly, M. D. Massie. 78 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY, COMPANY IT. Captain, Levi Barber ; second lieutenant, Wil- liam H. Hubbard ; first sergeant, Anthony B. Mc- Charles C. Clark, William Hall ; privates, Wil- liam M. Anson, Henry Brandon, George W. Car- rel, Francis M. Cooper, John Davidson, Benjamin F. Dean, George S. Edwards, Samuel Genish, Ste- phen Henderson, Lucius Rowland, James L. Ir- win, Francis L. Jones, Joseph Kesterson, Samuel Kelly, William C. Lynch, Joseph J. Lusk, Philip Main, Nathan B. j\Ioore, William McGuire, James K. McGuire, Robert Morgan, James Nich- olsen, John H. Piatt, Allen C. Peebles, Edgar A. Peckenpaugh, David M. Doughty, Michael F. Dixon, Isaac K. Emery, Franklin Files, George Finley, John Hubbard, Charles C. Hoover, Wil- liam Horn, Samuel Hess, James Irwin, John H. Kirkham, James M. Liles, Daniel Looper, Robert N. McConnell, John Modie, John Alartin, James Metts, George Miller, William Newman, Joshua R. Otwell, Obed Otwell, John Peacock, William Riddle, Clinton Randall, Isaac F. Selders, Wil- liam Stewart, Melen Taylor, Lewis R. Tolbert, Nathan A. Tucker, Gardner Woodard, Alexan- der Webb : recruits, Isaac N. P. Brown, James H. Chesney, John H. Kirkham, Archibald i\Iorey, Lewis Stilwell, William Richardson, Simon Rian, William B. Richards, Henry J. Rapp, John Scott, Robert Stewart, James H. Sapp, William A. Shriver, Jonathan Simeve, W'illis P. Stotts, Henry Shaffner, Henry T. Scanland, Mathias Shellcop, Delos D. Walker, Charles Watson, John Whit- field, Norman A. Wing, James Waters, David Walker, Robert S. Wills; recruit, John H. Piatt. PIKE COUNTY SOLDIERS WHO EN- LISTED IN OTHER STATES. FIRST MTSSdURI. COMIWN'i' B, THIRD MISSOURI CAVALRY. Captains, George W. Carey, Herman M. Roosa; Harvey Weaver, Thomas Alton, Flenry Williams, George W. Pryor, Silas Wadsworth, Jonathan W. Conklin, Lewis Perry, David Hunter, Thomas Kilebrew, Charles McCaffrey, Elliot Baker, John H. McClintock, Henry Wadsworth, William H. Capps, Alexander Toole, John Andrews, William Baker, James Brewer, William Butler, William R. Capps, James B. Clampitt, Jones Covey, Ephraim Cram, Michael Doyle, Jacob Felch, William Grotts, James M. Guthrie, Isaac S. Hobbs, Simon Johnson, Richard A. Myers, Andrew IMcMullen, William W. MciMullen, William Rupert, Lucas Richardson, Richard Roan, Lindsy T. Sapp, Wil- liam Shofner, John T. Starr, Thomas Waggoner, Sweene_\' Winder, iNIatthew Sapp, Henry Pollard, Losson Lovett, William Grover, Jasper Dorsett, Ellas Flower, George Ames, Lafayette Beardsley, Charles H. Betts, William S. Brunson, John L. Brunson, Samuel Camp, Josiah Cowdrev, Thomas J. Davis, William Daily, John W. Foster, Thomas Howard, Jacob ;\[yers, Thomas P. Pryor, Milo Ripley, William R. Whittaker, Andrew Wag- goner, John W\ Buckingham, Leonard Covey,. Moses H. Hemingway, John Kinchelow, Joseph McCarmach, Samuel J. Waggoner, John W. Betts, Isaac Cheedle, David M. Campbell, Daniel Carman, John I\I. Meyers, F. W. Mills, Thomp- son Pruitt, William T. Parker, James H. Rupert, Joseph H. Sanders, Lawrence Tedrow, William Bramble, Joseph Dingman, James Dew, David ^lorris, Thomas A\'. Penn, James P. Williams. In all the wars of England, during the thou- sand years of her history, there were not so many lives lost, nor so much money spent, as in the American Civil war. S1'ANISH-A]\IERICAN WAR. A. K. Baucom, John A/lorrow, O. P. Johnson, Ta\'lor L^^ppinghouse. FIFTH ILLINOIS VOLITNTEER I'ANV A. INFANTRY, COM- COMT'.VNY C, TTTTkl) JIISSOURI CAVALRY. ,\. C. Shearer, W'illiam Good, Ross Wakeman, Emmett Wakeman, Samuel Weir. Captains, \Yilliam C. Ware. George Barber; first lieutenant, George Barber ; second lieuten- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 79 ant, \'. C. Peckenpaugh ; first sergeant, D. Ern- est Moreland ; quartermaster sergeant, Tracey T. Tompkins; sergeants, William W. Ahl, James F. Petty, George Beard, Burr FT. Swan ; corpo- rals, Guss Anson, Harry A. Abbott, Loren E. Waters, James L. Adams, Hicks Dow, William Worthington, Frank Stanton, Oliver R. Barrett, Lee Stobie, ^^'illiam St. John, Chauncey H. Bo- dine ; musicians, Roland Fry. George Waters; wagoner, William F. Wyatt ; artificer, Fred Petty ; privates, William Allen, Edward Allen, Lawrence Bagby, Newton Bennett, William Bergman, Archie Brown, Louis Bringman, E. J. Downing, William Dutton, Samuel Elledge, Wil- liam B. Gratton, Lawrence Flarvey, Newton Harris, .Vlbert Heck, Thomas C. Fluestead, Her- man Jones, Charles Johnson, Thomas E. John- son, Fred Johnson, Ellis Kindred, Louis Lou- woert, John AT. Lovett. Loren Alain, Charles Mc- Glasson, Joseph Milb\-, Leon P. Monta, Bert Niccum, James Xiccum, Charles Paine, George Paine, Marshall Parker, Carl E. Rogers, Thom- as D. Shehan, George Shinn, Lewis M. Smith, Guy Stanton, Fred J. Stobie, Eugene Thompson, Roy Vertrees, Russell Wells, J. E. Wyle ; trans- ferred from Company D, Charles Bos'd, David D. Edwards, William B, Flarris, Frank Hurst, Lewis G. Kindred, Jesse G. Morrison, John H. McKinney, Charles Sweeden, Cool Stanton, George Smith ; transferred from Company K, Henry Caplinger, Edward Foreman, Robert L. Gratton. Everett Miller, William Paine, John Shanahan, Morris Seaman ; recruits, William S. Bowden, Leon Chamberlain, Lawrence Cawthon, Arthur E. Daman, Charles C. Dunn. liollo Grimes, William A. Grimshaw, Joseph C. Hamil- ton, William H. Harris, Oliver Jones, Charle}- Kastner, Ernest C. Lightle, William L, Lawson, Edwin ( ). AIcKinney, Hugo May. Cecil blanker. F. C. Peebles. H. Douglas Parke, Zack X. Pul- liam, John Ouinlan, Clyde Rush, Henry J. Ree- den, A. Fred Williams. TOWNSHIP HISTORY OF PIKE COUNTY. In 1824 there were only three townships, namely: Coles Grove, Atlas and Franklin, while in 1906 the county has sixteen full congressional and eight fractional townships. In 1847 a State election was held for members of the Constitutional Convention, which Conven- tion prepared and submitted to the people a new Constitution, which was adopted by a large ma- jority. By this Constitution, in place of the Com- missioners' Court a County Court was organized in each county. This court consisted of a county judge, and, if the Legislature saw proper to so order it, two associate justices. This the Legis- lature favorably' acted upon. The last meeting of the County Commissioners' Court was held No- vember, 1849. After the transaction of such busi- ness as ])roperly came before them, they adjourned until court in course, but never re-assembled. On the first Alonda\' of December of the same year the first regular term of the County Court was held. The duties of the court in a legislative capacity were precisely the same as those of the County Commissioners' Court. In addition to the legislative power the members of this court were permitted to e.xercise judicial authority, hav- ing all the rights and privileges of justices of the peace, together with all probate business. This court consisted of a county judge and two asso- ciate justices. The judge and associate justices acted together for the transaction of all county business, but none other. The justices had an equal vote with the judge, and received the same salary while holding court, which was $2 per day. Two of the three constituted a quorum. The covmty judge who served under this re- gime was James Ward. The associate justices were Joshua Woosley and William P. Harpole. The Constitution of 1847 provided for town- ship organization in those counties desiring it. (Hons. William R. Archer and William A. Grim- shaw, both of this county, were members of the convention framing this constitution.) The ques- tion of organizing according to this provision soon began, of course, to agitate the people of Pike county, and the controversy grew bitter, — the bitterest indeed that this more than usually peace- ful community ever indulged in. Immigrants from the East were familiar with the workings of township legislation and management, and de- sired to perpetuate their home institution in the 8o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. West; but the other citizens of the county were afraid that the introduction of the measure would necessitate an increase of office holders, useless expenses and many unforeseen vexations. The judges in office were all opposed to the innovation, — so much so indeed that they continued to hold court even after the great victory of the innova- tors in carrying the county by 1,563 votes against 317, and the election of new members. For a short time the county had two legislatures at once. The vote was taken at the general election of November 6, 1849, at which election Peter V. Shankland was elected county clerk on this hotly contested issue, and Stephen R. Gray sheriff. Both these gentlemen were Democrats, in favor of township organization. Indeed, as a matter of curiosity, but of no political significance, we may state that the fight on both sides was nearly all done by the Democrats, the Whigs taking but little part. An election was held in November, 1849, to vote "for" or "against" township organization, which resulted in favor of the measure. This was met with bitter opposition, however, and an appeal was taken to the Circuit Court by Samuel L. Crane. The law was decided to be constitutional, and the election a fair one. The Board of Supervisors of Pike county first assembled April 8, 1850, this being one of the first counties in the State to organize under the town- ship mode. There were present at this meeting the follow- ing members : Montgomery Blair, Barry ; Hazen Pressy, A'Vashington ; Archibald Brooks, Cham- bersburg; David Preble, Salem; Wilson Adams, Hardin ; William Ross, Newburg ; Thomas Hull, Ivinderhook ; A. W. Bemis, Martinsburg; R. C. Robertson, Milton ; James M. Seeley, Atlas, and John McTucker, Hadley. Supervisor Blair was elected temporary chairman and Colonel Ross chosen chairman. The board then adjourned to re-assemble April 23, 1850. There were present at this second meeting the following gentlemen : William Ross ; Archibald Brooks ; Darius Dexter, Perry ; Amos Hill, Griggsville ; David Preble ; John McTucker ; Montgomery Blair ; Jesse Seniff, Detroit ; Thomas Hull ; A. W. Bemis ; J. M. Seeley ; J. T. Hyde, Pittsfield ; R. C. Robertson; Wilson Adams; Hazen Pressy; and James Talbot, Pleasant Vale. Chambersburg, Flint, Detroit, Montezuma, Pearl, Levee, Cincinnati and Ross are fractional townships, while Atlas has eighteen full sections and seven fractional sections on her western border. Chambersburg. This township lies in the extreme northeastern part of the county. The first pioneers who came to this township were James Wells, Samuel Atchison, a Mr. Brewster and a Mr. Van Woy. They came in 1822. The first sermon preached in the township was in 1827. The town was laid out May 7, 1833, by Sebourn Gilmore. It is situated under a high bluff on the edge of the Illinois river bottom and is surrounded by some good farming country. The town is a small one but filled with good and enterprising citizens. Flint. This is the smallest township in the county and was the first one settled, in 1817. A Frenchman by the name of Teboe was the first settler. Garrett Van Deusen was the next set- tler. He established a ferry at what is known as Phillipsburg, now Griggsville Landing or Valley City. Flint has a fine magnesia spring in the southeastern portion of the township. Valley City is the only town in the township and is on the Wabash Railroad. Detroit. Detroit township was settled by Lewis Allen in 1823. The pioneers had many en- counters with wild animals during the early settle- ment. Detroit has two towns, Florence being the oldest and laid out in 1836 by the Florence Com- pany, composed principally of Pittsfield business men, among whom were Austin Barber, William Ross, Robert R. Green and Thomas Worthing- ton. In the old Illinois Gazeteer, Florence was known by the name of Augusta. Florence has the honor of being the place where nearly one thousand men of Pike county's bravest and best were mustered into the United States service in 1862 and afterward known as the Ninety-ninth or Pike County Regiment of Volunteers. Detroit village was founded in 1837 by Peter H. Lucas, and is surrounded by beautiful farming country and its people are among Pike county's best. Montezuma. The first settlers of Montezuma FIRST JAII, AT PITTSFIEIvD FAST AND PRESENT OF TIKE COUNTY, 83 township were Ebenezer Franklin, who came in 1819 ; Charles Adams, James Daniels, David Dan- iels, David and Daniel Floover, Joel Meacham, Thomas Davis, who came in 1826. Like all set- tlers of new countries they suffered many hard- ■ships and inconveniences. The nearest mill for the first few years was at Edwardsville, Madison county, eighty miles away. At that time there were about 200 Indians in the neighborhood. A Dr. Houston was the first physician. Polly Davis was the first school teacher. In addition to the care of the neighbors' children she had eight of her own. The first marriage was that of Joseph Gale and Elizabeth Garrison in 1830. There are three villages in this township, Milton, Mon- tezuma and Bedford. The township is a most excellent agricultural one and has some of the best and most enterprising farmers. Pearl. Pearl's first settlers came in 1824 or 1825 and were A. Perkins, J. R. Ottwell, William Pruett and John Ottwell. The first marriage was William Ottwell and Rachel Collins and they were united by Rev. Mr. Osborne, a Baptist minister, who preached the first sermon in the township in 1829. Pearl has the villages of Pearl, Bee Creek Village, Bee Creek Mills, Pearl Station and Chow Row. Near old Pearl is one of the finest springs in Illniois. In the old times an old- fashioned undershot watermill was run by the immense volume of water flowing from the spring. What is known as the new town of Pearl is situated on the Chicago & Alton Railroad and is a place of considerable business. Perry. Perry is one of the first class town- ships situated in the northeast part of the county. The first settlers .came in about 1829 and were Joseph Cavander, John Hume, Abel Shelley, John Matthews, Mr. Lovelady and John Gillaspie. The first school taught in the township was in 1830 by John Cavander. The town of Perry, number- ing about 700, was laid out by Joseph S. King in 1836 and first christened Booneville in honor of Daniel Boone. The name was afterward changed to Perry in honor of Commodore Perry, the hero of Lake Erie, who said "We have met the enemy and they are ours." Perry has a bank and a newspaper and while an inland town with no railroads is an enterprising, energetic and pro- gressive town. This township also has the fa- mous Perry Springs, which are called magnesia, iron and sulphur springs, but of late years seem to It.tvc lost their i^restige as a lieilth resort. Griggs\-ille. Griggsville is one of the most important and wealthy townships in the county. It has the distinctive honor of being the only town of that name in the United States. The township was settled as early as 1825 by Henry Bateman. The first birth in the township was a son of Mr. Bateman and the first to die was Mr. Bateman's wife. The city of Griggsville was laid out in 1833 by Joshua Stanford and Richard Griggs and was named Griggsville by Mr. Jones in honor of Mr. Griggs. In 1838 there was what was known as an abolition melee in Griggsville caused over a democratic and whig election for constable. They had a red hot and bitter contest which resulted in the election of B. S. Coflfey. The democrats were very hostile over the election and a democrat assaulted Cof- fey, which caused a general row with no one se- riously hurt. A few weeks later a gentleman visited at Griggsville holding- anti-slavery meet- ings and asking people to petition congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia. Quite a number signed his petition. The objectors met in a saloon and passed resolutions that the parties who had signed the petition should be compelled to erase their signatures from it. The mob element took the papers away from the man and returned with them, called upon the signers and demanded that they immediately erase their names under the penalty of violence should they refuse. Some complied, others did not. They then notified the obstinate ones that they must erase their names. The good people of the town met in a hotel and organized for resistance. The mob came with a rope and threw it around the body of N. W. Jones and attempted to drag him out and hang him, but he escaped from them and the !;ood citizens soon shov/ed what metal thcv were made of and the mob soon found it the best policy to desist from their murderous intention. Griggsville has two banks and two newspapers and all kinds of business is fully rep- resented in the town. The early settlers knew what privations were. In 1834 tea, coffee or 84 TAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COETNTY. sug-ar coulcl not be bought. They had maple sug'ar and corn or rye coffee and sassafras tea. Griggsville has a verv successful fair and is now the only fair held in the county. They have per- haps the most commodious fair grounds of any county in the state and being in the racing circuit, the lovers of ecjuine speed have great enjoyment in witnessing the trials on the track. Nhwiutrg. The first settler in Newburg was Daniel Husong in 1833. Newburg is so closely identified with Pittsfield that it has no town of its own but is noted as a most excellent agricul- tural township. Hardin. The first settlers in Hardin were Benjamin Barney, Nathaniel BaglDv, Solomon Main, Jacob Henry, Joseph Halford, Jesse Mason and Aaron Thornton. The first couple married was Nathaniel Thornton and Lucinda Bagby, the ceremony being performed by Rev. Eewis Allen. The first school was taught by Jesse Gar- rison in 1833. Time, a very pleasant little village, is located in this township. Its population now is about one hundred and fifty, and being an in- land town, its future is not very bright. It has many good citizens and is an excellent farming communit}-. Spring Crei^k. Spring Creek is one of the southern tier of townships bounded on the south by Calhoun county. It was settled in 1832 by Silas Wilson. The surface is very broken and is not a very good agricultural township. Nebo is its principal town and has about six hundred people. It has a bank and a newspaper and is located on the Chicago & Alton Railroad and is known as a good business town. F.MRMOu.x'T. Eairmount is one of the finest townships on the north side of the count)-. Its first settlement was about 1831. The township is an excellent one for farm and stock operations and her citizens are among the best of the count\-. In 1840 Henry Benson taught the first school on section 16, in a log school house. In the time of the Civil war Eairmount's patriotic blood was aroused and she sent her quota of her gallant bo\s in blue to do or die for home and countrw Xiiw S.\LEM. The first pioneer who ventured til locate in this townshi]) was .Mr. Joab Shinn, \vho came in 1830. In 1831 came Isaac Conklin and his two sons, William Scholl and Nathan Svvigert. The first school house built in New Salem was in 1834. New Salem has two enter- prising towns, Baylis and New Salem. New Salem was laid out in 1847 and Baylis in 1869. Bavlis has a bank and a newspaper.- Both towns Jiave enterprising business men and have the benefits of the Wabash Railroad. A noted resi- dent of New Salem township from 1833 until his death a few years ago, was Capt. Henry Browne, who was born in Ireland, highly educated and aristocratic, a quiet and useful man, always held his allegiance to Great Britian. He was a skilled physician, and was a true friend to the poor; and was never known to take a cent for services or medicines. He was noted for his high sense of honor, and marked respect for the rights of others. PiTT.SFiELD. Pittsfield is near the center of the county and is the county capital. The pio- neer who first located here was Joel ^loorc, ne.xt came Ephraim Cannon and Moses Riggs. The county seat was located at Pittsfield by Commissioners George W. Hin- man, Hawkins Judd and Benjamin Barney. The first sale of lots took place ]\Iay 15, 1833. The tovv n was recorded May 14, 1833. The first court house was built in 1833, and the second one in 1838, and the present structure in 1894-5, is a handsome temple of justice and perhaps in its appointments and finish will compare favorably with any in the State. The town has three news- papers, two banks and the largest flouring mill in the western part of the state ; has eight churches and two large school buildings. Amon'.;' the famous people who began their careers in Pittsfield \vere Milton Play ; John Hay, who in his lifetime was recognized as one of America's greatest diplomats ; John G. Nickolay, private secretary to President Lincoln. Pittsfield's citi- zens that are sojourning on the Pacific coast and in the West are very numerous, and most of them are making fame and fortunes for them- sehes. Pittsfield has several gooil hotels and a very commodious opera house. In secret socie- ties, she has the Masons, blue lodge, chapter and commandery ; Ofld Fellows: Knights of Pythias; A\'iiodmen; ^Mutual Protective League; Pike PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 85 County Mutual ; Grand Army of the Republic, and numerous others. Marti NSBURG. This township is situated in the second tier above the Calhoun count)' line, and its southwest corner is within five miles of the Mississippi river. Fisher Petty was the first settler and came in 1825. It has two villages, Martinsburg and New Hartford ; both towns are occupied by good quiet citizens, and for little vil- lages do their share of the business. Neither have railroad facilities, which rather militates against their business. Pr.EAS.VNT Hill. This township was first set- tled in 1821 by Belus and Egbert Jones. Pleas- ant Hill's southern boundary touches Calhoun county. It has the Chicago & Alton Railroad, a bank and a newspaper. It has a number of pro- gressive business men and a population of about 450. The town of Pleasant Hill was laid out in 1836, and was incorporated in 1869. Pleasant Hill had the first license from the county com- missioners court in 1821 to keep a tavern and sell liquor. The first sermon was preached by Rev, Stephen Ruddle in 1826, who had been a pris- oner held b}' the Indians for sixteen years. The man's ability and knowledge was such that al- most every person in the entire township turned out to hear him preach. The first schoolhousc was erected in 1832. Hadley. Hadley is a fine township of land, perhaps one of the best in the military tract. The first settler in this township was a black man, who was known as Free Frank, and who came from Kentucky in 1829. The Legislature gave him a name, and he was afterward known as Frank McWorter. The first white settler to locate in this township was Joshua Woosley, who was af- terward sherifif of the county. Mr. Woolsey used the first grain cradle superseding the old- fashioned sickle ; and it was such a curiosity that the settlers came from far and near to see it. He charged a bushel of wheat per acre for cutting with it, which was a very small price, being only about thirty-seven and a half cents. Derry, Derry is a splendid farming town- ship. It was first settled by David W. Floward in 1826. Derry has one town, founded in 1836 by Nathaniel Winters and named Washington. In 1850, when township organization took effect, it was found there was another Washington in Tazewell county, and the postmaster general noti- fied them they should change their name, which was afterward changed to Eldara. The town has about two hundred and fifty population and several thoroughgoing business men, two churches and an excellent school building. Atla.s, \\^hen we reach this name we are car- ried back to the day when Atlas was expected to be a great city. It is located in a fertile valley, with upland and bottom land, good and produc- tive. The first settlers were the Ross family ; Ebenezer, Franklin and Daniel Shinn. Many of the earh' settlers of Atlas went to other parts of the county, and John Wood went to Quincy and founded the now "Gem City." Atlas township has three towns. Atlas, Rock]iort and Summer Flill, filled with many of Pike county's best people. Rockport, on the railroad, has a fine elevator and several good business houses. In Atlas town there is yet standing a house that was erected in 1822. To a person vis- iting y\tlas for the first time, seeing the beautiful landscape and surroundings, would be impressed that Colonel Ross was evidently much elated with his great expectations that Quincy would not make much of a town because it was too near Atlas. Ross, Ross township was formed from Atlas township in 1879 ^nd was named in honor of Colonel William Ross by Captain M. D. Massie, who was a- member of the board of supervisors in that year. The township is fractional and has no particular history exce])t for its productive farms and worthy agricultural citizens. Barr^-, The first settlers in Barry, in 1824, were Rev. David Edwards and IMr. Fladlev, Soon after these men came Rev. William M. Blair and his sons. Those who afterward took an impor- tant part in the history of the township were Montgomery and William Blair, Hezekiah Mc- Atee, Alfred Grubb and Elijah L. McAtee. Other early settlers were Josiah and Wil- liam Lippencott, Stephen R. Gray, Burton Gray, John Milhizer and Levi McDaniel. Most of the above came prior to or during the year 1836. Benjamin Barney. Michael and Alonzo 86 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Gard came in 1826, A. C. Baker in 1827. A noted Dr. Hudnel was an eccentric character and useful man, practiced in Barry and Pleasant Vale. Bart- lett & Birdsong kept the first store and they also laid out Barry as the agents for Stone, the owner, of the land. In 1836 Daniel A. Shaw hauled the first load of goods into Worcester, now Barry, for Bartlett & Birdsong. They were landed at Phil- lips Ferry, now Griggsville Landing or Valley City. The first Fourth of July celebration in Barry took place in 1838. Among the speakers were Dr.A. C.Baker, William A. Grimshaw and Colonel William Ross. The first wedding in the town- ship was that of Samuel Blair and Miss Lucy Brewster in' 1829. Rev. William Blair preached the first sermon in his own log house on section 30, in 1829, and he also taught the first school in a log building on section 28 in 1830. Barry has two newspapers, the Adage and Record. The first bank in Barry was known as the C. & S. Davis and Angle Bank. It was opened in 1872 and in 1905 it became insolvent and went into the hands of a receiver. Indications appear to show that the depositors will lose but little if anything. The First National Bank was organized in 1901. Barry has numerous secret societies as follows : Masons ; Odd Fellows ; Modern Woodmen of America ; Ancient Order of United Workmen ; Mutual Protective League ; Court of Honor ; Grand Army of the Republic ; Woman's Relief Corps ; Fraternal Army of America and Loyal Americans and a few others. Stephen R. Gray was the first postmaster ; Captain C. H. Hurt is postmaster now. Barry has a fine library build- ing, the gift of Mrs. B. D. Brown. The library is one of the best in the county, and is being added to frequently. Barry has a fine record for entertaining as the old settlers and soldiers can attest, having been often given the keys of the city. Jon Shastid's school in Barry for the term ending on April 2, 1857 : Edward W. Baker, Al- fred Baker, James C. Brown, Arthur Baird, Al- bert Blackman, James Baird, George Bill, Eugene Chamberlain, Jerome Chamberlain, Jon Chamber- lain, Aaron Chamberlain, Alfred Elam, Oliver Emerson, Marion Fairchild, Eugene Gray, William E. Grubb, Ira O. Grav, William P. Gorton, Thomas E. Gorton, Marcellus Harvey, Henry L. Hadsell, Charles H. Hurt, Jon M. Hurt, George Howland, George Jasper, Edward D. B. Jerome, Charles Klein, William H. Kidwell, David Kidwell, Daniel Kidwell, George Luzader, George W. Liggett, William E. Robison, George W. Thompson, James M. Widby, Sarah E. Bond, Jane Cheadk, Diantha Cheadle, Mary J. Crooks, Lucy M. Ellis, Emma Eddingfield, Dorothy Frike, Mary E. Gillum Catherine Harvey, Allena Lane, Elizabeth J. Lane, Mary A. Mason, Maricia Mason, Julia U. Mason, Elizabeth Petty, Nancy Petty, Lucetta Pope, Matilda Sprague. Pleasant Vale. The first settlers were John Wood, afterward Governor of Illinois, Willard Keyes and David Dutton, who came in 1821 and 1822, and settled on sections 16 and 22. Mr. Dutton was one of the county commissioners in 1822. Amos and Joseph Jackson, Major Hinckly, Parley Jackson, Levi Howard, Mr. Rice, Daniel Mitchell and Andrew Shearer were also very early settlers. Mr. Shearer "blazed out" the first road from where New Canton now is to the town of Washington, now Eldara. The first white child born in the township was An- drew J. Stanley, in 1823. The first death was Mary Jane McDaniel in the same year, and the first marriage was Peter J. Saxbury and Ma- tilda Stanley in June, 1827. These early settlers endured many hardships and privations in pre- paring the way for future generations and future prosperity, which the people of to-day know not of. They ground their corn for food on a hand mill, and at times crushed it in a hominy block. The latter consisted of a hole burnt in a stump or block of wood, in which corn was placed and crushed with an iron wedge or mallet. In a short time, however, these odd and rude pieces of pio- neer machiner)' were replaced bv horse mills. These were generally situated eight or ten miles from the settlers here, and although they were a great improvement upon the hand mills and the hominy blocks, the process of grinding would be considered very slow, indeed, by the people of this day and age of steam mills. The boys then went to mill on horseback, and seldom ever re- turned the same day. They would congregate under the old shed of the horse mill while wait- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 87 ing 'for their turn, arid there make a fire and parch corn, tell jokes, etc. In this way they would pass the night very pleasantly without sup- per or sleep ; for the supper could not be had, and there was no place to sleep, save on the sacks of corn. Then came the days of schools and churches. The first schoolhouse erected by the settlers was on section 22, in 1825. It was a log cabin with a clapboard door, puncheon floor, slab benches for seats and a huge fire place at one end of the room. The desks consisted of puncheons sup- ported by pins in the wall ; the fire place had no chimney except above the roof; there were two doors, one at each side of the fire place. The fuel used consisted of huge logs, which were of- ten dragged into the house by a horse coming in at one door and passing through and out at the other. Around and near the fire place there was no floor except the ground, the puncheon floor covering the back part of the room only. The window consisted of a log removed from one side of the room, with greased paper pasted over the aperture. The first teacher here was a Mr. Ran- kin. The pioneer teacher was of the ox driver class, and generally carried a large "gad" in his hands, to maintain order in the school. Religious worship was early instituted in the first settlement of this township. The first ser- mon was preached by Rev. Mr. Hunter, of the Methodist denomination, and the first regularly organized religious society was also that of the Methodist. This society first worshiped in the house of Mr. Jackson, and afterward in the schoolhouse on section 22. The Mormons also figured largeh' in a church organization here some years later. They at one time had a society of about 100 communicants, and erected a house of worship in the northwest part of the township. When the Nauvoo trouble came, however, they left this neighborhood to join their brethren at that place. The old Mormon church was after- ward moved to the Mississippi river, and there used for a warehouse. In those early days the wagons, for the most part, were rudely constructed by the settlers themselves, and consisted wholly of wood. The wheels were sawed from large sycamore trees. and holes were bored in the center, in which to insert the axletree. The farmers often used these wagons in going to mill, hauling their produce to market, and for a conveyance in which to at- tend church. In pioneer times, when there were scarcely any fences, and not land enough under cultivation to stop the great prairie fires which occurred in the fall of the year, they proved very disastrous to those living in the prairie. This township, consists, for the most part, of Mississippi river bottom land, a large portion of which is prairie. The grass on this bottom land grew to an enor- mous height, was very thick, and as high as a man's head while on horseback. This grass was so heavy and thick that when the settlers went a- fishing in the sny they would hitch the team to a large bush or tree and drag it through the grass and mash it down, to make a road for them to pass over. In the fall of the year this luxuriant growth of grass would be set on fire by the In- dians or hunters, and especially when the wind was high, would sweep resistlessly over the whole country, high and low, destroying a great deal of property. The pioneers early learned to guard against this destructive element by plowing wide strips of land around their premises and around their grain and hay. As soon as the alarm of fire was given, each settler would immediately begin to "back fire." . This was done by setting the grass on fire next outside the plowed strip, which would burn slowly and meet the rapidly advancing flames that came rolling in majestic grandeur, from twenty to thirty feet in the air. This bottom land in now under a high state of cultivation, and since the completion of the levee has become one of the richest farming dis- tricts of America. The land lying between the sny and the Mississippi is timber land, and as fertile as the prairie. It is now rapidly being cleared and improved. On the northwest quarter of section 29 is a salt spring, which at one time afforded considerable salt water. Mr. Keyes carried water from this spring to his home on section 22, a distance of a mile and a half, boiled it down, and .made salt for family use and for his neighbors. 88 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. As the bluffs extend from the northwest to southeast through the township, the up land is . divided from the bottom land, forming a trian- gular section. This land is very rough and broken, and is underlaid with a heavy bed of limestone, and is consequently better adapted to the growing of small grain and fruit than to gen- eral farming. There is some excellent farming land along the course of Keyes creek, which ex- tends along the eastern portion of the township. This creek was named in honor of Mr. Keyes, of whom we have spoken in the first part of this sketch. At one time this creek and others abounded in countless numbers of fish, and thus aided in furnishing the settlers with the neces- saries of life. Although the pioneers were de- prived of many things that are enjoyed at the present day, yet they always had abundance to eat and wear. If their store clothes or homespun gave way, they would simply construct clothing ■ from the hides of animals. The first justice of the peace of this township was Major Hinckley. New Canton is the only town in Pleasant A'ale township, and has nearly 600 population. It was founded April 2, 1835, by Charles T. P)rewster, Hiram Smith and Jesse Titsworth. New Can- ton has two churches, Methodist and Union, open to all denominations, but mostly used by the Christian society, flourishing Sunday schools ; and Epworth League and Christian Endeavor are held at both churches, with large attendance and great interest. The first school was on sec- tion 9, in 1832, and the first schoolhouse was built in 1836, a Mr. Hale being the first school master. The present school building was erected in 1866, with an addition a few years later. The principal and assistants are Miss Emma Card, Misses Flossie Shearer, Clyde Temple and Edith Gard, and the gems of knowledge are cheerfully- imparted to the young citizens that will take them. The town was incorporated in 1869. The present officers are : Abraham Likes, president ; trustees. AI. H. Fuller, L. Gard, Jr., PI. A. ^las- sie, H. Koeller, James Temple and D. G:idfre)'. The business of the town is three general stores, three grocer_\- stores, one drug store, one jewelry store, one restaurant, one hotel, two barber shops, two blacksmiths, one wood worker, two grain ele- vators, one lumber yard, one livery and feed stable, two j^hysicians, four notaries public, three magistrates, three constables, seven carpenters, five stone masons and plasterers, a postoffice with three rural routes, one bank, and the following secret societies: ?\Iasons, Woodmen, Knights of Pythias, Mutual Protective League, Pike County Mutual, Knights and Ladies of Security, Royal Neighbfjrs, Loyal .-Vmericans, Mystic Circle and Grand Army of the Republic. A few years ago the town had a pork packing and milling indus- try, but they were smothered out like all modest olants ha\'e been in the rural districts. New Can- ton is on the branch of the Chicag'j, Burlington & Ouincy Railroad, twenty-eight miles from Ouincy, Illinois, and sixteen miles from Louisi- ana, Missouri, and six miles from the Mississippi river. The town has telegraph and telephone connection with the outside world, also a band hall and an excellent cornet band, a billiard hall, two entertainment lialls and a lodge hall, a town hall and a "cooler." The town has had several (lestructi\'e fires and numerous costly burglaries. The agricultural and live stock interests are well conducted by up-to-date and enterprising farm- ers, which makes the town one of the best ship- ping points in the county. Chicago and St. Louis are within a few hours' run, and are the town's principal markets. The old-time business men were John Webb, Shipman & Freeman, W. P. Freeman, William Turner, Hugh Barker, AA^arner & Plain, Perry H. Davis, Amos Morey, A. Shewe, ^Massie & Gray, Massie, Heid- loff & Company. The business men of to-day are Atkinson & Son, H. Koeller, W. Ware, D. God- frey, Dudley Brothers, H. A. :\Iassie, Ed. Up- pinghouse, Ellis Gard and G. W. Staff ; and the ph^-sicians and surgeons, James H. Rainwater, George U. -\IcComas. Joseph Jackson was the first postmaster, and John L. ]\Iorey the last one. The elevator men are Shaw-Garner Company, with Joseph McFarland, manager, and AA'erner Heidloff. R. E. Funk is the Chicago, Burlington & Ouincy Railroad agent. KiNni:Riu)OK. Kinderhook is west of Barry and joins Adams county on the north. Its south- west corner is a half mile from the Mississippi river. The first settlers were David Cole, Bird PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Brewer, Mr. Lvle, Amasa Shinn.Mr. McCraney, James Hull, Charles Smith, Charles and James Stratton, Thomas Orr and C. Devoll. The town of Kinderhook was laid out in 1836 by Chester Churchill and Bridge W'hitten. The Wabash Railroad touches the town. Two churches and an excellent school are the town's pride. Hull, in this township, is at the junction of the Wabash and Chicago, Piurlington & Quincy railroadsi. Hull has a bank and a newspaper, two churches, a large grain elevator and is a good business cen- ter. The town was laid out in 1871 by David Hull, Rcnsselear Sweet and William Bridge. CiNCiXKATi. Cincinnati is a fractional town- ship taken from Pleasant Vale in 188 1. It con- sists of eig-hteen full sections and six fractional sections and contains the old-time town of Cin- cinnati that in 1848 was the greatest business town i;i Pike county, but the great flood of 1851 almost obliterated the town. During the palmy days of steamboating it was the greatest shipping point on the west side of the county. After the coming of the railroad the shipping interests have become a dead letter. It has some as good and fertile lands as are on the earth. It has, one ^lethodist Episcopal church in the township, known as the Wike Chapel, and numerous com- m^odious schoolhouses. The township is noted for its abundant production of wheat and corn. It used to have a postoffice, with W. H. Odiorne as the first postmaster. Its first school treasurer was Nelson Alorey. Levee. Levee was originally a part of Kinder- hook township and was set oS in 1875. It con- sists of eighteen full sections and five fractional sections, nearly all of which are as good land as the sun shines on. The township has several good school buildings and a church at Spencer switch, owned and occupied by the Methodists. It has a good macadamized road leading through the township, partly sustained by the Hannibal busi- ness men. Levee has two railroads, the Wabash and the Quincy & Hannibal branch of the Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. The business men of the various towns and villages of the county are progressive, active and enterprising, and in the past as well as the pres- ent have been an important factor in the county's development, in the way of schools, churches, public improvements and all matters that were for the people's best interests, but in the past decade all have been seriously handicapped in their business enterprises by a lack of home reci- procit)' and the Ijlighting cry for cheap and cheaper supplies. It has closed the factories and decreased the population of the county. There is a great cry against trusts and combines, and yet perhaps unconsciously, the general public are play- ing into the hands of their enemies, greatly to their own detriment. A few are awakening to the fact that tlic great money powers are onlv inter- ested in the plain people just as far as the al- mighty dollar goes. Pike county is one of the best agricultural sections in the great military tract, and should be a good manufacturing center, having, as it h?.s, all the natural advantages of two great rivers and three great railroads. The old-time residents were blessed with pure foods and unadulterated material. Now laws are in force forbidding adulteration.s, but the suffering pul)lic arc greatly imposed upon and the law seems to be a dead letter. SUPER\'ISORS. Below we give a full list of all the Supervisors from the time the county was organized under the township law till the present time, by years, together with the name of the chairman and the township each member is from: 1850 — William Ross, Newburg, Chairman; Archibald Brooks, Chambersburg ; Darius Dex- ter, Perry ; Amos Hill, Griggsville ; David Pre- ble, New Salem ; John McTucker, Hadley ; Mont- gomery Blair, Barry ; Jesse Seniff, Detroit ; Thomas Hull, Kinderhook; A. W. Bemis, Mar- tinsburg; J. M. Seelcy, Atlas; J. F. Hyde, Pitts- field; R. C. Robertson, Milton (Montezuma); Wilson Adams, Hardin; Hazen Pressy, Wash- ington, Derry ; James Talbott, Pleasant \^ale ; William Turnbull, Flint; William Morrison, Fair- mount ; Thomas Barton, Pleasant Hill ; T. P- Stark, Spring Creek. 1851 — William Ross, Newburg, Chairman; Amos Hill, Griggsville; Thomas Odiorne, Atlas; Hazen Pressy, Derry ; William Morrison, Fair- go PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. mount; William Turnbull, Flint; Thomas Bar- ton, Pleasant Hill; William Grammar, Hadley; John Lyster, Detroit ; Worden Willis, Pleasant Vale ; Montgomery Blair, Barry ; Darius Dexter, Perry; D. H. Gilmer, Pittsfield; R. C. Robertson, Montezuma ; William Adams, Hardin ; Harvey W. McClintock, Martinsburg ; David Preble, New Salem ; J. P. Stark, Spring Creek ; Thomas Hull, Kinderhook ; Constantine Smith, Pearl ; Peter 'Karges, Chambersburg. 1852 — H. R. Ramsay, Atlas, Chairman ; James Brown, Chambersburg ; Darius Dexter, Perry ; David Preble, New Salem ; John E. Ayres, Fair- mount; M. B. Churchill, "Kinderhook; S. K. Tay- lor, Derry; D. H. Gilmer, Pittsfield; M. J. Noyes; Amos Hill, Griggsville ; John Lyster, Detroit ; Wil- liam Turnbull, Flint; H. W. McClintock, Mar- tinsburg; E. C. Thurman, Pleasant Hill; William Grammar, Fladley ; B. F. Brownell, Barry ; S. Grigsby, Pleasant Vale ; Richard Robertson, Mon- tezuma ; A. Main, Hardin ; John P. Stark, Spring Creek. 1853 — William Turnbull, Chairman ; James Brown, Chambersburg ; William Dustin, Atlas ; Daniel Fisher, New Salem ; Thomas Hull, Kin- derhook ; Harlow Huntley, Hadley ; Tyre Jen- nings, Barry ; B. L. Matthews, Perry ; H. T. Mudd, Pittsfield ; Constantine Smith, Pearl ; Wil- liam E. Smith, Spring Creek ; Cornelius Sullivan, Martinsburg ; Jonathan Frye, Detroit ; Dennis Leary, Montezuma ; William Kinman, Griggs- ville ; Samuel G. Sitton, Hardin ; William C. Crawford, Fairmount ; L. H. Stone, Pleasant Hill ; F. A. Landrum, Derry. 1854 — J. S. Roberts, Martinsburg, Chairman : James Brown, Chambersburg; Calvin Greenleaf, Flint ; Jonathan Frye, Detroit ; Dennis Leary, Montezuma ; Constantine Smith, Pearl ; B. L. Matthews, Perry; James Winn, Griggsville; B. F. Westlake, Newburg ; John Heavener, Hardin ; Wm. E. Smith, Spring Creek; Daniel Fisher, New Salem; Henrj' T. Mudd, Pittsfield; L. H. Stone, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Grammar, Hadley ; Jethro Petty, Derry ; Wm. Dustin, Atlas ; Tyre Jennings, Barry ; Charles T. Brewster, Pleasant Vale ; S. B. Gaines, Kinderhook ; Wm. C. Craw- ford, Fairmount. 1855 — ^- F- Westlake, Newburg, Chairman ; John Loer, Chambersburg; Wm. Thackwray, Flint; D. Leary, Montezuma; Constantine Smith, Pearl; B. L. Matthews, Perry; James Winn, Griggsville ; Wilson Adams, Hardin ; Wm. C. Smith, Spring Creek; Wm. C. Crawford, Fair- mount; Daniel Fisher, New Salem; H. T. Mudd, Pittsfield; John S. Roberts, Martinsburg; John Ray, Pleasant Hill ; Joseph P. Smith, Hadley ; J. S. Vertrees, Perry ; Simon K. Taylor, Derry ; Tyre Jennings, Barry ; Thomas Odiorne, Atlas ; Charles T. Brewster, Pleasant Vale; S. B. Gaines, Kinderhook ; R. C. Allen, Detroit ; Nicho- las Hobbs, Fairmount. 1856 — J. S. Roberts, Martinsburg, Chairman; John Loer, Chambersburg ; Jonathan Frye, De- troit ; Wm. Wheeler, Pearl ; O. M. Hatch, Griggs- ville ; Joseph G. Colvin, Hardin ; Wm. H. Love, Fairmount ; Daniel D. Hicks, Pittsfield ; Alex. Hemphill, Pleasant Hill ; Josiah Long, Atlas ; Daniel Pyle, Flint ; Edwin Wooley, Montezuma ; John L. Gaine, Perry ; B. F. Westlake, Newburg; Wm. E. Smith, Spring Creek ; Wm. F. Hooper, New Salem ; Richard Hayes, Hadley ; James Wallace, Pleasant Vale ; A. Landfum, Derry ; John P. Grubb, Barry. 1857 — John W. Allen, Detroit, Chairman; B. B. Metz, Chambersburg ; Joseph G. Pyle, Flint ; Spencer Hudson, Montezuma, Constantine Smith, Pearl ; Thos. Reynolds, Perry ; Alfred Gordon, Griggsville; B. F. Westlake; Newburg; J. G. Colvin, Hardin; John H. Brewer, Fairmount; Wm. F. Smith, Spring Creek ; Wm. F. Hooker, New Salem ; Daniel D. Hicks, Pittsfield ; Joshua Butler, Martinsburg ; Alex. Hemphill, Pleasant Hill ; Richard Hayes, Hadley ; John L. Under- wood, Derry ; Jesse Long, Atlas ; J. R. Williams, Barry ; James Wallace, Pleasant Vale ; M. B. Churchill, Kinderhook. 1858— Wm. Turnbull, Flint, Chairman; Har- vey Dunn, Chambersburg; Jonathan Frye, De- troit ; E. N. French, Montezuma ; Hiram Hess, Pearl ; Thos. Reynolds, Perry ; James Winn, Griggsville; B. F. Westlake, Newburg; Adam Puterbaugh, Hardin ; Wm. E. Smith, Spring Creek ; John H. Brewer, Fairmount ; Thos. Gray, New Salem ; Austin Barber, Pittsfield ; Joshua Butler, Martinsburg ; John G. Sitton, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Grammar, Hadley ; John L. Under- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 91 wood, Derry ; Sherman Brown, Atlas ; James B. Williams, Barry ; James Wallace, Pleasant Vale ; A. T. Love, Kinderhook. 1859 — John S. Roberts, Martinsburg, Chair- man ; Wilson S. Dennis, Chambersburg ; James L. Thompson, Flint ; Jonathan Frye, Detroit ; Isaac S. Brown, Montezuma ; Constantine Smith, Pearl; B. L. Matthews, Perry; James Winn, Griggsville, Benj. F. Westlake, Newburg; Wil- son Adams, Hardin ; Wm. E. Smith, Spring Creek ; John Vail, Fairmount ; James C. Conk- right, New Salem ; Isaac W. Jones, Pittsfield ; Tlios. Barney, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Grammar, Hadley ; Simon K. Taylor, Derry ; Sherman Brown, Atlas ; Richard St. John, Barry ; James Wallace, Pleasant Vale ; John G. Wheelock, Kin- derhook. i860 — John S. Roberts, Martinsburg, Chair- man ; James H. Dennis, Chambersburg ; Jas. L. Thompson, Flint ; John W. Allen, Detroit ; E. C. Clemmons, Montezuma ; Hiram Hess, Pearl ; James Johns, Perry ; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville ; B. F. Westlake, Newburg ; J. C. Colvin, Hardin ; Wm. E. Smith, Spring Creek ; John Vail, Fair- mount ; Jas. C. Conkright, New Salem ; David A. Stanton, Pittsfield ; Alex. Parker, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Grammar, Hadley ; James B. Landrum, Derry ; Sherman Brown, Atlas ; Lewis D. White, Barry ; Harrison Brown, Pleasant Vale ; John G. Wheelock, Kinderhook. 1861 — John S. Roberts, Martinsburg, Chair- man ; J. H. Dennis, Chambersburg ; Geo. H. San- ford, Flint; John W. Allen, Detroit; Wm. B. Grimes, Montezuma ; Andrew N. Hess, Pearl ; Geo. W. Baldwin, Perry ; Thos. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville; B. F. Westlake, Newburg; Jos. G. Colvin, Hardin ; Wm. E. Smith, Spring Creek ; John Vail, Fairmount; A. J. McWilliams, New Salem; D. A. Stanton, Pittsfield; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Grammar, Hadley ; Isaac Pryor, Perry ; J. G. Adams, Atlas ; John Mc- Tucker, Barry ; Perry H. Davis, Pleasant Vale ; John Aron, Kinderhook. 1862 — John S. Roberts, Martinsburg, Chair- man; James H. Dennis, Chambersburg; Geo. H. Sanford, Flint ; Jonathan Frye, Detroit ; Geo. Un- derwood, Montezuma; Andrew N. Hess, Pearl; James W. Brown, Perry ; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggs- 6 ville; B. F. Westlake, Newburg; J. G. Colvin, Hardin; Wm. E. Smith, Spring Creek; Wm. Morrison, Fairmount; A. J. McWilliams, New Salem; D. A. Stanton, Pittsfield; L. H. Stone, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Grammar, Hadley ; J. B. Landrum, Derry; J. G. Adams, Atlas; Henry Wallace, Barry; P. H. Davis, Pleasant Vale; John Aron, Kinderhook. 1863 — John S. Roberts, Martinsburg, Chair- man ; J^mes H. Dennis, Chambersburg ; Wm. Thackwray, Flint; L. J. Smitherman, Detroit; J. O. Bolin, Montezuma ; A. N. Hess, Pearl ; Au- gustus Akin, Perry; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville; Strother Grigsby, Newburg; B. F. Westlake, Newburg; J. G. Colvin, Hardin; D. Hollis, Spring Creek ; Wm. Morrison, Fairmount ; A. J. McWilliams, New Salem; S. R. Gray, Pittsfield; A. Hemphill, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Grammar, Had- ley ; Thos. Harris, Derry ; J. G. Adams, Atlas ; Wm. P. Shields, Barry; J. R. Thomas, Pleasant Vale ; John Aron, Kinderhook. 1864 — James H. Dennis, Chambersburg, Chair- man ; Wm. Thackwray, Flint ; L. J. Smitherman, Detroit; E. N. French, Montezuma; A. N. Hess, Pearl; Harvey Dunn, Jr., Perry; Thos. H. Dim- mitt, Griggsville; Nathan Kelley, Newburg; B. C. Lindsay, Hardin ; David Hollis, Spring Creek ; John Vail, Fairmount ; John Preble, New Salem ; N. A. Wells, Pittsfield; J. S. Roberts, Martins- burg ; Alex. Hemphill, Pleasant Hill ; Wm. Gram- mar, Hadley; Thos. S. Harris, Derry; J. G Adams, Atlas ; Wm. P. Shields, Barry ; James Wallace, Pleasant Vale ; John G. Wheelock, Kin- derhook. 1865 — P. H. Davis, Pleasant Vale, Chairman; Jas. H. Dennis, Chambersburg; Wm. Turnbull, Flint ; L. J. Smitherman, Detroit ; Robert E. Gil- liland, Montezuma; A. N. Hess, Pearl; John E. Morton, Perry ; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville ; Wm. J. Ross, Jr., Newburg; Samuel Heavener, Har- din ; David Hollis, Spring Creek ; John Vail, Fair- mount; Asahel Hinman, New Salem; J. M. Bush, Pittsfield ; David Roberts, Martinsburg ; Alex. Hemphill, Pleasant Hill; Wm. Grammar, Had- ley; Albert Landrum, Derry ; Wm. Dustin, Atlas ; Wm. P. Shields, Barry; John G Wheelock, Kin- derhook. 1866 — James H. Dennis, Chambersburg, Chair- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. man; William Turnbull, Flint; L. J. Smitherman, Detroit; George Marks, Montezuma; Joshua Hanks, Pearl; John E. Morton, Perry; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville ; Strother Grigsby, New- burg; David Hollis, Spring Creek; John Vail, Fairmount ; John Preble, New Salem ; James M. Ferry, Pittsfield ; R. A. McClintock, Martins- burg; A. F. Hemphill, Pleasant Hill; William Grammar, Hadley ; Albert Landrum, Derry ; J. G. y\dams, Atlas ; William M. P. Shields, Barry ; James Wallace, Pleasant Vale ; R. M. Murray, 'Kinderhook. 1867 — James H. Dennis, Chambersburg, Chair- man; James L. Thompson, Flint; L. J. Smither- man, Detroit; John O. Bolin, Montezuma; Joshua Hanks, Pearl; John A. Morton, Perry; Thomas H. Dimmitt, Griggsville ; Strother Grigsby, New- burg; Jos. G. Colvin, Hardin; David Hollis, Spring Creek; John Vail, Fairmount; John Pre- ble, New Salem; George W. Jones, Pittsfield; William M. McClintock, Martinsburg; A. F. Hemphill, Pleasant Hill ; William Grammar, Had- ley; Albert Landrum, Derry; J. G. Adams, Atlas; M. Blair, Barry; Perry H. Davis, Pleasant Vale; Thomas Mclntire, Kinderhook. 1868 — James H. Dennis, Chambersburg, Chair- man ; William Anderson, Flint ; John W. Allen, Detroit; James A. Brown, Montezuma; Joshua Hanks, Pearl; Harvey Thornbury, Perry; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville; Strother Grigsby, New- burg ; John C. Dinsmore, Hardin ; F. J. Halford, Spring Creek ; John Vail, Fairmount ; John Pre- ble, New Salem; George W. Jones, Pittsfield; John Melton, Martinsburg; William Grammar, Hadley; Albert Landrum, Derry; Montgomery Blair, Barry; P. H. Davis, Pleasant Vale; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; J. G. Adams, Atlas ; R. M. Murray, Kinderhook. 1869 — George W. Jones, Pittsfield, Chairman; James H. Dennis, Chambersburg; William An- derson, Flint; John Lester, Detroit; James A. Brown, Montezuma; David Hess, Pearl; B. L. Matthews, Perry; Noah Divilbiss, Perry; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville; B. F. Westlake, Newburg; B. C. Lindsay, Hardin; Frank J. Halford, Spring Creek ; T. M. Coss, Fairmount ; John Preble, New Salem; Joseph Turnbaugh, Martinsburg; J. B. Harl, Pleasant Hill; William Grammar, Hadley; Maberry Evans, Derry ; A. Simpkins, Atlas ; Montgomery Blair, Barry; P. H. Davis, Pleasant Hill ; John Aron, Kinderhook. 1870 — George W. Jones, Pittsfield, Chairman; Lewis Ham, Chambersburg; William Anderson, Flint ; Samuel Hayden, Detroit ; James A. Brown, Montezuma ; George W. Roberts, Pearl ; B. L. Matthews, Perry ; T. H. Dimmitt, Griggsville ; Thompson J. Pulliam, Newburg ; Alvin Petty, Hardin ; F. J. Halford, Spring Creek ; Taylor M. Coss, Fairmount ; John Preble, New Salem ; John Brittain, Martinsburg; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; J. W. Burke, Derry ; William Dustin, At- las ; M. Blair, Barry; P. H. Davis, Pleasant Vale; John Clutch, Kinderhook. 1871 — George W. Jones, Pittsfield, Chairman; Lewis Ham, Chambersburg ; William Anderson, Flint; B. W. Flynn, Detroit; James A. Brown, Montezuma ; George W. Roberts, Pearl ; Thomas Reynolds, Perry ; James McWilliams, Griggs- ville ; T. G. Pulliam, Newburg ; Francis Frye, Hardin; T. J. Halford, Spring Creek; William Morrison, Fairmount; John Preble, New Salem; Hardin Goodin, Martinsburg ; A. J. Lovell, Pleas- ant Hill ; William Grammar, Hadley ; William Dustin, Atlas; James W. Burke, Derry; Calvin Davis, Barry ; M. D. Massie, Pleasant Vale ; John Clutch, Kinderhook. 1872 — George W. Jones, Pittsfield, Chairman; Lewis Ham, Chambersburg; B. W. Flynn, De- troit; William T. Dugdell, Montezuma; G. W. Roberts, Pearl ; Thomas Reynolds, Perry ; James McWilliams, Griggsville ; Strother Grigsby, New- burg ; Francis Frye, Hardin ; David Hollis, Spring Creek; William Corey, Fairmount; John Preble, New Salem ; William Fowler, Martinsburg ; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; William Grammar, Hadley ; J. W. Burke, Derry ; William Dustin, Atlas ; Cal- vin Davis, Barry; M. D. Massie, Pleasant Vale; John Clutch, Kinderhook. 1873 — Lewis Ham, Pittsfield, Chairman; David Pyle, Flint; B. W. Flynn, Detroit; Milton Grimes, Montezuma; George W. Roberts, Pearl; Thomas Reynolds, Perry ; James McWilliams, Griggs- ville; P. H. Cooper, Newburg; Wright Hicks, Hardin ; F. J. Halford, Spring Creek ; William Corey, Fairmount; Addison Caldwell, New Sa- lem ; Lewis Dutton, Pittsfield ; William Fowler, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 93 Martinsburg ; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; William Grammar, Hadley; Thomas H. Coley, Derry; Josiah Long, Atlas ; John P. Grubb, Barry ; John Horn, Pleasant Vale; John Clutch, Kinderhook. 1874 — James H. Dennis, Chambersburg, Chair- man ; William Turnbull, Flint ; William Douglas, Detroit ; A. J. Worcester, Montezuma ; Andrew N. Hess, Pearl ; Thomas Reynolds, Perry ; James McWilliams, Griggsville ; Nathan Kelley, New- burg ; Wright Hicks, Hardin ; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek ; William Corey, Fairmount ; Addi- son Cadwell, New Salem ; Lewis Dutton, Pitts- field; Francis Fowler, Martinsburg; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; William Grammar, Fladley ; Ma- berry Evans, Derry ; J. G. Adams, Atlas ; Calvin Davis, Barry ; John B. Horn, Pleasant Vale ; John Clutch, Kinderhook. 1875 — William B.Grimes, Pittsfield, Chairman; J. L. Metz, Chambersburg ; Austin Wade, Flint ; Henry Moler, Detroit; A. J. Worcester, Monte- zuma; D. W. Miller, Pearl; Thomas Reynolds, Perry ; James McWilliams, Griggsville ; J. H. Farrington, Hardin ; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek ; R. B. McLaughlin, Fairmount ; Addison Cadwell, New Salem ; Thomas Aiton, Martinsburg ; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; William Grammar, Had- ley ; Maberry Evans, Derry ; J. G. Adams, Atlas ; Alex. White, Barry; M. D. Massie, Pleasant Vale ; William Ross, Newburg ; R. M. Murray, Kinderhook. 1876 — A. J. Worcester, Montezuma, Chair- man ; J. L. Metz, Chambersburg ; Joseph Wilson, Flint; Henry Moler, Detroit; G. W. Roberts, Pearl ; Z. Wade, Perry ; George Pratt, Griggs- ville; C. P. Chapman, Newburg; R. R. Pollock, Spring Creek; R. B. McLaughlin, Fairmount; Addison Cadwell, New Salem; Wm. B. Grimes, Pittsfield; Thomas Aiton, Martinsburg; A. J. Lovell, Pleasant Hill ; William Grammar, Had- ley ; Maberry Evans, Derry ;■ Samuel Taylor, At- las ; W. F. White, Barry; R. M. Murray, Kinder- hook; John W. Brammell, Pleasant Vale; J. H. Farrington, Hardin ; F. A. Douglas, Levee. 1877 — J. W. Burke, Derry, Chairman; George Ham, Chambersburg; Joseph Wilson, Flint; Da- vid Stoner, Detroit; Charles E. BoHn, Monte- zuma ; A. N. Hess, Pearl ; Z. Wade, Perry ; George Pratt, Griggsville; C. P. Chapman, New- burg; Wright Hicks, Hardin; W. R. Wilson, Spring Creek; R. B. McLaughlin, Fairmount; Addison Cadwell, New Salem; Lewis Dutton, Pittsfield; William Fowler, Martinsburg; John S. Lockwood, Pleasant Vale; William Grammar, Hadley; Samuel Taylor, Atlas; W. F. White, Barry; F. L. Zernberg, Pleasant Hill; R. M. Murray, Kinderhook ; Marcus Hardy, Levee. 1878 — Calvin Davis, Barry, Chairman; George Flam, Chambersburg; Joseph Wilson, Flint; W. T. Smith, Detroit ; C. E. Bolin, Montezuma ; G. W. Roberts, Pearl; J. W. Grimes, Perry; George Pratt, Griggsville; C. P. Qiapman, Newburg; J. H. Griffin, Hardin ; M. W. Bogart, Spring Creek; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; John Preble, New Sa- lem; Lewis Dutton, Pittsfield; P. H. Sullivan, Martinsburg; A. L. Galloway, Pleasant Hill; H. L. Hadsell, Hadley ; T. H. Coley, Derry ; Samuel Taylor, Atlas; J. S. Lockwood, Pleasant Vale; Samuel Clark, Kinderhook; Marcus Hardy, Levee. 1879— B. W. Flynn, Detroit, Chairman; J. C. Newton, Chambersburg; David Pyle, Flint; N. D. McEvans, Montezuma; G. W. Rob- erts, Pearl; Z. Wade, Perry; George Pratt, Griggsville ; C. P. Chapman, Newburg ; George Main, Flardin ; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek ; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; Abel Dunham, New Salem; H. S. Lloyd, Pittsfield; P. H. Sul- livan, Martinsburg; A. L. Galloway. Pleasant Hill; Orrin Campbell, Hadley; T. H. Coley, Derry; C. B. Dustin, Atlas; E. A. Crandall, Perry; M. D. Massie, Pleasant Vale; John Clutch, Kinderhook ; Marcus Hardy, Levee. 1880— A. L. Galloway, Pleasant Hill, Chair- man; J. C. Newton, Chambersburg; N. D. Mc- Evers, Montezuma ; W. D. Hanks, Pearl ; George Pratt, Griggsville ; George Main, Hardin ; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; R. M. Murray, Pittsfield ; John Eckes, Hadley ; John Clutch, Kinderhook ; N. P. Hart, Barry ; Marcus Hardy, Levee ; J. F. M. Meredith, Detroit; David Pyle, Flint; Asa Hinman, Perry ; C. P. Chapman, Newburg ; Francis Fowler, Spring Creek; Abel Dunham, New Salem; P. H. Sullivan, Martinsburg; T. H. Coley, Derry ; C. B. Dustin, Atlas ; Eugene Gray, Pleasant Vale ; C. F. Lovett, Ross. 1881 — J. C. Newton, Chambersburg, Chair- 94 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. man ; Joseph Wilson, Flint ; Elisha Hayden, Mon- tezuma; L. W. McMahan, Griggsville; James G. Hayden, Hardin ; T. M. Coss, Fairmount ; Julius Swartz, Martinsburg ; J. W. Eckes, Hadley ; C. B. Dustin, Atlas; N. P. Hart, Barry; M. M. Aid- rich, Cincinnati ; Marcus Hardy, Levee ; W. D. Hanks, Pearl; H. D. Williams, Detroit; Asa Hinman, Perry; C. P. Chapman, Newburg; David Hollis, Spring Creek ; A. Dow, Pittsfield ; A. L. Galloway, Pleasant Hill ; William Evans, Derry ; Henry Ferguson, Ross ; Eugene Gray, Pleasant Vale ; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; W. H. Winterbothom, New Salem. 1882 — Marcus Hardy, Levee, Chairman ; Ed- ward Irving, Chambersburg ; Joseph Wilson, Flint ; Elisha Hayden, Montezuma ; W. H. Yates, Griggsville ; Harve)^ Weaver, Hardin ; J. R. Walker, Fairmount ; A. Dow, Pittsfield ; A. L. Galloway, Pleasant Hill ; T. H. Coley, Derry ; Henry Ferguson, Ross ; J. H. Brammell, Pleas- ant Vale; Smith Hull, Kinderhook; H. D. Wil- liams, Detroit ; J. G. Phillips, Perry ; C. P. Chap- man, Newburg; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek; W. IT. Winterbothom, New Salem ; Julius Swartz, Martinsburg ; Solon Huntley, Hadley ; Samu J Taylor, Atlas ; N. P. Hart, Barry ; John F. Hall, Cincinnati ; W. D. Hanks, Pearl. 1883 — Marcus Hardy, Levee, Chairman ; Ed- ward Irving, Chambersburg ; H. D. Williams, Detroit ; C. C. Lammy, Pearl ; William H. Yates, Griggsville; Harvey Weaver, Hardin; John R. Walker, Fairmount; Albert Fishell, Pittsfield; A. L. Galloway, Pleasant Hill ; Clem L. Hoskins, Derry ; Henry Ferguson, Ross ; J. H. Brammell, Pleasant Vale ; J. F. Hall, Cincinnati ; Joseph Wilson, Flint ; Thomas N. Hall, Montezuma ; Asahel Hinman, Perry ; Hardin AVestlake, New- burg ; D. H. Johnson, Spring Creek ; John Preble, New Salem ; Julius Swartz, Martinsburg ; Solon Huntley, Hadley ; Thomas Fesler, Atlas ; N. P. Hart, Barry ; Smith Hull, Kinderhook. 1884 — Marcus Hardy, Levee, Chairman ; Ed- ward Irving, Chambersburg; Thomas Shaw, Mar- tinsburg ; John W. Cannon, Pleasant Hill ; Wil- liam Grammar, Hadley; H. L. Anderson, Atlas; Asa Winter, Newburg ; David Benn, Hardin ; D. Hollis, Spring Creek; E. R. Rust, Fairmount; John Preble, New Salem; H. Ferguson, Ross; C. L. Hoskins, Derry; J. Wilson, Flint; H. D. Williams, Detroit ; T. N. Hall, Montezuma ; J. G. Phillips, Perry ; Frank Hatch, Griggsville ; N. P. Hart, Barry; H. B. Atkinson, Pleasant Vale; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; Daniel Caff rey, Cincin- nati ; E. F. Binns, Pittsfield ; George Roberts, Pearl. 1885 — Marcus Hardy, Levee, Chairman; Ed- ward Irving, Chambersburg ; H. D. Williams, Detroit ; Ransom Kesinger, Pearl ; W. H. Yates, Griggsville ; William Cunningham, Hardin; E. R. Rust, Fainnount; E. F. Binns, Pittsfield ; George Watson, Hadley ; H. L. Anderson, Atlas ; H. B. Atkinson, Pleasant Vale ; J. F. Hall, Cincinnati ; N. F. Brown, Ross ; John Clark, Flint; T. N. Hall, Montezuma; W. S. Johns, Perry ; C. P. Chapman, Newburg ; David Hollis, Spring Creek ; John Preble, New Salem ; H. T. Shaw, Martinsburg ; William Evans, Derry ; William Hoyt, Barry ; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; A. L. Gallowaj', Pleasant Vale. 1886 — E. F. Binns, Pittsfield, Chairman ; Ed- ward Irving Chambersburg ; W. J. Smitherman, Detroit ; R. Kesinger, Pearl ; James A. Farrand, Griggsville ; AVilliam Cunningham, Hardin ; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; H. T. Shaw, Martinsburg ; William Grammar, Hadley ; H. L. Anderson, At- las ; T. A. Retallic, Barry ; Smith Hull, Kinder- hook ; Marcus Hardy, Levee ; John Clark, Flint : C. E. Bolin, Montezuma ; O. F. Johns, Perr\' ; C. P. Chapman, Newburg ; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek ; D. E. Donly, New Salem ; A. L. Gallo- way, Pleasant Hill ; AVilliam Prvor, Derry ; N. Brown, Ross ; H. B. Atkinson, Pleasant Vale ; M. M. Aldrich, Cincinnati. 1887— A. L. Galloway, Pleasant Hill, Chair- man ; Edward Irving, Chambersburg ; W. J. Smitherman, Detroit ; George Roberts, Pearl ; J. A. Farrand, Griggsville ; D. L. Benn, Hardin ; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; George Barber, Pitts- field ; W. A. Peck, Hadley; H.'"l. Anderson, At- las; T. A. Retallic, Barry; Smith Hull, Kinder- hook ; Marcus Hardy, Levee ; John Clark, Flint ; C. E. Bolin, Montezuma ; O. F. Johns, Perry ; C. P. Chapman, Newburg ; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek ; W. H. Laird, New Salem ; H. T. Shaw, Martinsburg ; W. H. Pryor, Derry ; William PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 95 Lovett, Ross ; H. B. Atkinson, Pleasant Vale ; E. G. Lyon, Cincinnati. 1888— H. B. Atkinson, Pleasant Vale, Chair- man ; Edward Irving, Chambersburg ; H. E. Wil- liams, Detroit ; Ransom Kessinger, Pearl ; J. A. Farrand, Griggsville ; D. L. Benn, Hardin ; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; R. T. Hicks, Pittsfield ; I. D. Webster, Pleasant Hill ; W. H. Pryor, Derry ; H. H. Duff, Ross; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; Mar- cus Hardy, Levee ; Wallace Parker, Flint ; O. W. Bagby, Montezuma ; O. F. Johns, Perry ; Asa Winter, Newburg ; William Gheen, Spring Creek ; W. H. Laird, New Salem ; H. G. Shaw, Martins- burg ; W. A. Peck, Hadley ; H. L. Anderson, At- las ; T. A. Retallic, Barry; E. G. Lyon, Cincinnati. 1889 — H. B. Atkinson, Pleasant Vale, Chair- man; Ed Irving, Chambersburg; H. E.' Williams, Detroit ; A. N. Hess, Pearl ; J. A. , Farrand, Griggsville ; D. L. Benn, Hardin ; W. D. Waters, Fairmount; George Barber, Pittsfield; I. D. Web- ster, Pleasant Hill ; William Evans, Derry ; George Hoskins, Ross ; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; Marcus Hardy, Levee ; John Clark, Flint ; O. W. Bagby, Montezuma ; Asa Hinman, Perry ; Asa Winter, Newburg; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek; W. H. Laird, New Salem; H. T. Shaw, Mar- tinsburg ; John McCleery, Hadley ; C. R. Shaw, Atlas ; T. A. Retallic, Barry ; Daniel Caffrey, Cincinnati. 1890 — E. F. Binns, Pittsfield, Chairman; Ed Irving, Chambersburg; W. J. Smitherman, De- troit ; R. Kessinger, Pearl ; J. A. Farrand, Griggs- ville ; Hayes Colvin, Hardin ;, Leander Vail, Fair- mount; H. T. Shaw, Martinsburg; John Mc- Cleery, Hadley ; C. R. Shaw, Atlas ; John Weber, Barry; Smith Hull, Kinderhook; Marcus Hardy, Levee ; John Clark, Flint ; William Hess, Monte- zuma; O. F. Johns, Perry; H. J. Westlake, New- burg; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek; W. H. Laird, New Salem ; I. D. Webster, Pleasant Hill ; J. R. Easley, Derry ; George Hoskins, Ross ; Nelson Morey, Pleasant Vale ; H. B. Jeffries, Cincinnati. 1891 — E. F. Binns, Pittsfield, Chairman; J. C. Newton, Chambersburg; O. F. Johns, Perry; IT. J. Westlake, Newburg; W. D. Waters, Fair- mount; W. A. Peck, Hadley; George Hoskins, Ross; John Weber, Barry; Smith Hull, Kinder- hook; William Hess, Montezuma; Hayes Colvin, Hardin; James Cawthorn, Flint; John Clark, Flint; Walter Scarborough, Detroit; J. A. Far- rand, Griggsville; Asahel Duff, Spring Creek; Ira Roberts, Pleasant Hill; J. R. Easley, Derry; Werner Heidloff, Pleasant Vale; R. Kessinger, Pearl; H. B. Jeffries, Cincinnati; Marcus Hardy, Levee; C. R. Shaw, Atlas; W. H. Laird, New Salem; H. T. Shaw, Martinsburg. 1892 — E. F. Binns, Pittsfield, Chairman; J. C. Newton, Chambersburg; Walter Scarborough, Detroit; A. N. Hess, Pearl; J. A. Farrand, Griggsville; George Main, Hardin; W. D. Wa- ters, Fairmount; Elliott Baker, Martinsburg; J. R. Easley, Derry; William Bright, Barry; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; Marcus Hardy, Levee ; George Hoskins, Ross; James Cawthorn, Flint; William Hess, Montezuma ; O. F. Johns, Perry ; H. J. Westlake, Newburg; Asahel Duff, Spring Creek ; W. R. Hooper, New Salem ; W. A. Peck, Hadley; T. J. Fesler, Atlas; W. Heideloff, Pleasant Vale ; George W. Klitz, Cincinnati ; Ira Roberts, Pleasant Hill. 1893 — E. F. Binns, Pittsfield, Chairman; James Cawthorn, Flint; A. N. Hess, Pearl; W. R. Hooper, New Salem ; William Bright, Barry ; George W. Klitz, Cincinnati ; H. J. Westlake, Newburg ; Walter Scarborough, Detroit ; Asahel Duff, Spring Creek; M. F. Godwin, Pleasant Hill ; Henry Young, Ross ; Thomas J. Fesler, At- las ; F. L. Hall, Perry; William Hess, Monte- zuma ; George Main, Hardin ; Elliot Baker, Mar- tinsburg ; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; J. R. Easley, Derry ; George W. Gerard, Chambersburg ; L. W. McMahan, Griggsville ; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; Charles Johnson, Hadley; William I. Ware, Pleasant Vale ; W. H. Griggs, Levee. 1894 — J. R. Easley, Derry, Chairman; J. L. Cawthorn, Flint ; George Williams, Pearl ; W. R. Hooper, New Salem; Fred Jaritz, Martinsburg; William Bright, Barry ; W. P. Kennedy, Cincin- nati ; G. W. Gerard, Chambersburg ; F. L. Hall, Perry; H. J. Westlake, Newburg; Dele Elder, Fairmount ; Charles Johnson, Hadley ; W. I. Ware, Pleasant Vale ; William Hess, Montezuma ; George Main, Hardin; Thomas N. Hall, Pitts- field; C. I. Rupert, Atlas; Smith Hull, Kinder- hook; Thomas Davis, Levee; W. Scarborough, 96 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Detroit; L. W. McAlahan, Griggsville; Asahel Duff, Spring Creek; M. F. Godwin, Pleasant Hill ; Henry Young, Ross. 1895 — John McTucker, Hadley, Chairman; J. L. Cawthorn, Flint; G. W. Williams, Pearl; W. R. Hooper, New Salem ; Fred Jaritz, Martins- burg ; William Bright, Barry ; W. P. Kennedy, Cincinnati ; G. W. Gerard, Chambersburg ; F. L. Hall, Perry ; Alva R. Foreman, Newburg ; Ed R. Lake, Fairmount; J. R. Easley, Derry; John M. Ross, Pleasant Vale ; William Hess, Montezuma ; George Main, Hardin; T. N. Hall, Pittsfield; C. I. Rupert ; Smith Hull, Kinderhook ; Thomas Davis, Levee; Nathan Sloan, Detroit; C. M. Sim- mons, Griggsville ; Asahel Duff, Spring Creek ; M. F. Godwin, Pleasant Hill; John L. Capps, Ross. 1896 — Henry Hall, Derry, Chairman; Frank Wade, Flint; G. W. Williams, Pearl; W. R. Hooper, New Salem; Elliott Baker, Martinsburg; J. G. Woolery, Barry ; J. W. Smith, Cincinnati ; G. W. Gerard, Chambersburg ; F. L. Hall, Perry ; A. R. Foreman, Newburg; E. R. Lake, Fair- mount ; John McTucker, Hadley ; John M. Ross, Pleasant Vale ; William Hess, Montezuma ; George Main, Hardin ; M. R. Peckenpaugh, Pitts- field ; C. I. Rupert, Atlas ; John McCrory, Kinder- hook ; W. H. Griggs, Levee ; Nathan Sloan, De- troit ; C. M. Simmons, Griggsville ; Asahel Duff, Spring Creek; M. F. Godwin, Pleasant Hill; J. L. Capps, Ross. 1897 — I. L. Lemon, Spring Creek, Chairman; Frank Wade, Flint ; G. W. Williams, Pearl ; W. R. Hooper, New Salem; Elliot Baker, Martins- burg; J. G. Woolery, Barry; J. W. Smith, Cin- cinnati; S. J. Hobbs, Chambersburg; W. T. Rey- nolds, Perry; A. R. Foreman, Newburg; J. R. Collard, Pleasant Hill; W. A. Strubinger, Derry; H. E. Reed, Pleasant Vale; William Hess, Mon- tezuma; George Main, Hardin; M. R. Pecken- paugh, Pittsfield ; C. L Rupert, Atlas ; J. J. Mc- Crory, Kinderhook ; A. D. Eckman, Levee ; Harry Dempsey, Detroit ; C. M. Simmons, Griggsville ; E. R. Lake, Fairmount; Arthur Elder, Hadley; Henry Young, Ross ; George McFarland, Pleasant Vale. 1898 — I. L. Lemon, Spring Creek, Chairm^an; S. J. Hobbs, Chambersburg; W. T. Reynolds, Perry; A. R. Foreman, Newburg; J. R. Collard, Pkasant Hill ; W. A. Strubinger, Derry ; George McFarland, Pleasant Vale ; William Hess, Mon- tezuma ; William Pringle, Hardin; M. R. Peck- enpaugh, Pittsfield; Joseph Dober, Atlas; W. P. Kennedy, Cincinnati ; A. D. Eckman, Levee ; W. G. Hubbard, Hadley; Harry Dempsey, Detroit; C. M. Simons, Griggsville ; E. R. Lake, Fair- mount ; Arthur Elder, Hadley ; Henry Young, Ross; Robert Kilpatrick, Flint ; G. W. Roberts, Pearl ; D. Cover, Jr., New Salem ; H. T. Shaw, Martinsburg; Calvin Davis, Barry; J. J. Mc- Crory, Kinderhook ; C. H. Hurt, Barry. 1899 — L D. Webster, Pleasant Hill, Chairman; Robert Kilpatrick, Flint; G. W. Roberts, Pearl; D. Cover, Jr., New Salem; H. T. Shaw, Martins- burg ; C. H. Hurt, Barry ; W. P. Kennedy, Cin- cinnati ; S. J. Hobbs, Chambersburg ; W. T. Rey- nolds, Perry ; A. R. Foreman, Newburg ; Thomas J. Waters, Fairmount ; W. A. Strubinger, Derry ; George McFarland, Pleasant Vale ; William Hess, Montezuma; William Pringle, Hardin; M. R. Peckenpaugh, Pittsfield ; Joseph Dober, Atlas ; J. J. McCrory, Kinderhook ; A. D. Eckman, Levee ; W. Scarborough, Detroit ; G. M. Smith, Griggsville ; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek ; M. C. Brown, Hadley ; Henry Young, Ross. 1900 — L D. Webster, Pleasant Hill, Chairman; S. J. Hobbs, Chambersburg ; W. T. Reynolds, Perry ; A. R. Foreman, Newburg ; T. J. Waters, Fairmount; W. A. Strubinger, Derry; Geo. Mc- Farland, Pleasant Vale; C. E. Bolin, Montezuma; Hayes Colvin, Hardin; A. L. McDonald, Pitts- field ; George Adams, Atlas ; John Walsh, Kinder- hook ; A. D. Eckman, Levee ; W. Scarborough, Detroit ; G. M. Smith, Griggsville ; C. C. Melton, Spring Creek; M. C. Brown, Hadley; Henry Young, Ross; R. Kilpatrick, Flint; G. W. Rob- erts, Pearl; D. Cover, Jr., New Salem; H. T. Shaw, Martinsburg; N. R. Davis, Barrv ; J. W. Smith, Cincinnati. 1901 — L D. Webster, Pleasant Hill, Chairman; Robert Kilpatrick, Flint; G. W. Roberts, Pearl; D. Cover, Jr., New Salem ; H. T. Shaw, Martins- burg ; N. R. Davis, Barry ; J. W. Smith, Cincin- nati ; S. J. Hobbs, Chambersburg ; J. B. Gregory, Perry ; A. R. Foreman, Newburg ; T. J. Waters, Fairmount ; E. T. Strubinger, Derry ; W. L Ware, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 97 Pleasant Vale ; C. E. Bolin, Montezuma ; Hayes Colvin, Hardin; A. L. McDonald, Pittsfield ; G. S. Adams, Atlas ; John Walch, Kinderhook ; A. D. Eckman, Levee ; Samuel Williams, Detroit ; G. M. Smith, Griggsville ; Arch Wall, Spring Creek ; A. B. Wike, Hadley ; Henry Young, Ross. 1902 — C. E. Bolin, Montezuma, Chairman ; S. J. Hobbs, Chambersburg ; J. B. Gregory, Perry; A. R. Foreman, Newburg ; T. J. Waters, Fair- mount ; A. B. Wike, Hadley ; Henry Young, Ross ; W. J. Garner, Atlas ; J. W. Smith, Cincin- nati ; W. E. Allen, Levee ; N. R. Davis, Barry ; Robert Burbridge, Hardin ; John Biddle, Flint ; Samuel Williams, Detroit; G. M. Smith, Griggs- ville ; Arch Wall, Spring Creek ; L D. Webster, Pleasant Hill ; E. T. Strubinger, Derry ; W. L Ware, Pleasant Vale ; John Walch, Kinderhook ; William Shinn, Martinsburg ; John Seigle, Pitts- field ; D. Cover, Jr., New Salem ; J. H. Stillwell, Pearl. 1903 — C. E. Bolin, Montezuma, Chairman ; John Biddle, Flint ; Robert Burbridge, Hardin ; John Seigle, Pittsfield ; W. J. Garner, Atlas ; John Walch, Kinderhook ; J. W. Stead, Griggsville ; Arch Wall, Spring Creek ; A. B. Wike, Hadley ; Werner Heidloff, Pleasant Vale ; E. B. Tolbert ; Chambersburg ; W. T. Reynolds, Perry ; Thomas Troutner, Ross ; J. H. Stillwell, Pearl ; D. Cover, Jr., New Salem ; W. T. Shinn, Martinsburg ; N. R. Davis, Barry ; J. W. Smith, Cincinnati ; A. R. Foreman, Newburg ; M. F. Godwin, Pleasant Hill ; E. T. Strubinger, Derry ; T. E. Aldrich, Levee; G. W. Seybold, Fairmount ; S. Williams, Detroit. 1904 — C. E. Bolin, Montezuma, Chairman ; E. B. Tolbert, Chambersburg; W. T. Reynolds, Per- ry; A. R. Foreman, Newburg; G. W. Sevbold, Fairmount; A. B. Wike, Hadley; Thomas Trout- ner, Ross ; G. W. Darrah, Flint ; Robert Bur- bridge, Hardin ; John Seigle, Pittsfield ; W. D. Miller, Atlas; John Walch, Kinderhook ; T. E. Aldrich, Levee ; Samuel Williams, Detroit ; J. W. Stead, Griggsville ; Arch Wall, Spring Creek ; M. F. Godwin, Pleasant Hill ; E. T. Strubinger, Derry ; W. Heidloflf, Pleasant Vale ; J. S. Crow- der. Pearl ; S. B. Peacock, New Salem ; W. T. Shinn, Martinsburg; N. R. Davis, Barry; G. W. , Lowe, Cincinnati. 1905 — Samuel Williams, Detroit, Chairman; G. W. Darrah, Flint ; Smith Crowder, Pearl ; S. B. Peacock, New Salem ; W. T. Shinn, Martins- burg ; N. R. Davis, Barry ; G. W. Lowe, Cincin- nati ; John Wilson, Fairmount ; Harry Peck, Hadley ; E. T. Strubinger, Derry ; Henry A. Ham, Chambersburg ; J. S. Felmly, Griggsville ; M. F. Godwin, Pleasant Hill ; C. E. Bolin, Mon- tezuma ; Robert Burbridge, Hardin ; John Seigle, Pittsfield; W. D. Miller, Atlas; John Walch, Kinderhook ; T. E. Aldrich, Levee ; Thomas Troutner, Ross ; C. C. Dewell, Pleasant Vale ; A. L. Kiser, Newburg ; W. T. Reynolds, Perry ; A. F. Turnbaugh, Spring Creek. PIKE COUNTY OFFICIALS. Pike county circuit clerks have been James Whitney — My Lord Coke, 1821-5 ; George W. Hight, 1825-7; William Ross, 1827-35; James Davis, 1835; John J. Lombaugh, 1835-43; P. N. O. Thompson, 1843-52; James Kenney, 1852-6; W. R. Archer. 1856-60; George W. Jones, 1860-4, 1876-80; J. H. Crane, 1864-8; J. J. Topliff, 1868-72; J. A. Rider, 1872-6; W. R. Wilson, 1880-4; E. R. Motley, 18^-8; George W. Archer, 1888-1896; Henry Bowers, 1896-1904; J. E. Dinsmore, 1904. The county clerks were: J. W. Whitney, 1821 ; George W. Britton, 1825-6; William Ross, 1826-34; James Davis, 1834-8; Asa D. Cooper, 1836; William D. Boling, 1838-43; Henry T. Mudd, 1843-7; John J. Collard, 1847-9; Peter V. Shankland, 1849-53 ; Austen Barber, 1853-7 ;Stro- ther Griggsby, 1857-61; William Stears, 1861-9; William B. Grimes, 1869-73 ; J. L. Frye, 1873-7 ; E. F. Binns, 1877-81; C. L Swan, 1881-6; V. A. Grimes, 1886-98; J. R. Gicker, 1898. Only four of the circuit clerks and five of the county clerks are living. The county has had seventeen circuit and eighteen county clerks from 1821 to 1905, and I knew all but seven of them. The county has had the following school super- intendents : J. G. Pettingill, 1865; John N. De- well, 1869; J. W. Johnson, 1873; William H. Crow, 1877; R. M. Hitch, 1886; W. R. Hatfield, 1894; J. B. Gragg, 1897; Miss Caroline Grote, present incumbent. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. The following served as school commissioners : Joseph H. Goodin, 1832 ; Lyman Scott, 1833 ; D. B. Bush, 1841; T. G. Trumbull, 1845; James F. Hyde, 1849; M. H. Abbott, 1851; John D. Thomson, 1S53 ; Joseph J. Topliff, 1859; J. G. Pettingill, 1861. The county has had the following surveyors : Stephen Dewey, 1821-24; James W. Whitney, 1824; Charles Pollock, 1834; David Johnston, 1835-39; Joseph Goodin, 1839; David Johnston, 1841-49 ; James H. Ferguson, 1849 ^ ^- G- Cham- berlain, 1853; H. P. Buchanan, 1857; John A. Harvey, 1859; Hiram J. Harris, 1863; Isaac A. Clare, 1875 : George H. Whittaker, 1882 ; Jesse Bowen, 1895; M. Z. Smith, 1900; H. H. Hardy, 1905. Pike county's coroners have been as follows : Daniel Whipple, 1822; Israel N. Burt, 1832; Benjamin E. Dunning, 1834; Stephen St. John, 1838; James Brown, 1842; C. H. Brown, 1844; Cyrus B. Hull, 1846; Edward Connet, 1850; R. S. Underwood, 1852; Samuel Sitton, 1854; Wil- liam Benn, 1856 ; H. St. John, 1857 ; Lewis E. Hayden, 1858; G. W. Molinix, i860; Eli Farris, 1862 ; Sherman Brown, 1868 ; Martin Camp, 1872; Martin V. Shive, 1874; A. C. Peebles, 1876; Fred Ottowa, 1879; L. N. Ferris, 1880; J. Windmiller, 1884 ; John Morton, 1888 ; D. P. H. Marshall, 1892; Daniel Weeks, 1896; I. L. Lemon, 1900; L. J. Huntley, 1904. Pike county has had the following treasurers : Nathaniel Shaw, 1821 and 1825 ; Nathaniel Hinckley, 1822 ; Leonard Ross, 1823 ; Henry J. Ross, 1824 ; John Ross, 1827-9 ; Isaac Vandeven- ter, 1829-34: John Barney, 1834-7; John Britton, 1838; Jones Clark, 1839-43 and 1850; William Watson, 1843-7; Samuel L. Crane, 1847-9 ^nd 1850; Charles Mason, 1849; William T. Harper, 1851-3; Strothei- Griggsby, 1853-63; R. A. Mc- Clintock, 1863-5; E)avid S. Hill, 1865-7; L. J. Smitherman, 1867-71 ; Thomas Gray, 1871-3 ; David Hollis, 1873-5; Thomas Reynolds, 1875-7; R. M. Murray, 1877-9; B. W. Flinn, 1879-84; Addison Cadwell, 1884-8; Thomas H. Coley, 1888-92; Jacob Windmiller, 1892-6; Thomas H. Ward, 1896-1900; Daniel L, Weeks, 1900-4; A. L. McDannold, present incumbent. Twenty-eight in all, twenty of whom I knew. All but six have joined the silent majority. The first treasurer received $765, and the others have handled from $5,000 to $50,000 a year. One of the first probate judges received only $16.60 as salary. Money was scarce and doubtless court business was light. "My Lord Coke" was the money maker in 1822. He received $50 as sheriff, $30 for circuit clerk, .$30 for clerk of the commissioner's court, and $50 as probate judge, $160 in all. David Dutton, one of the first commissioners of Pike county, received a small compensation, and was a resident here for nearly forty years. He died in New Canton in 1854, perhaps the richest man on the west side. Pike county has had the following sheriffs : Rigdon C. Fenton, 182 1 ; Leonard Ross, 1822 to 1829; Levi Huntley, 1827; Nathaniel Hinckley, 1832; J. W. Seeley, whig, 1831 to 1838; Alfred Grubb, democrat, 1840; Ephraim Cannon, demo- crat, 1842, 1844 ; D. D. Hicks, democrat, 1846 ; S. R. Gray, ind. democrat, 1850; Elisha Hurt, whig, 1852; G. T. Edwards, whig, 1854; W. S. Dennis, democrat, 1856; John Hous- ton, democrat, 1858 ; Joshua Woosley, dem- ocrat, i860; P. H. Davis, democrat, 1862; J. B. Landrum, democrat, 1864; W. G. Hubbard, dem- ocrat, 1866; J. J. Manker, democrat, 1868; Joseph McFarland, democrat, 1870, 1872 ; A. Simpkins, democrat, 1874, 1882 ; E. W. Blades, democrat, 1876, 1884; Theo. Kellogg, republican, 1878; J. Windmiller, democrat, 1886; M. H. Darrah, democrat, 1890; Sam Knox, democrat, 1892; P. P. Johnson, democrat, 1896; G. W. Smith, present incumbent. Just half of the number named are living. I personally knew all but five. All were compe- tent and able officials, and laid down their offices at the expiration of their terms with general sat- isfaction to the public. Pike county has had two members of congress : Scott Wike, three terms and W. E. Williams, one term. The county has had the following presidential electors : William A. Grimshaw, Thomas Worthington, jr., and A. C. Matthews. Mr. Grimshaw was the messeng;er to take the state vote to Washington. Alex. Starn and O. M. Hatch were secretaries COUNTY JAII. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. lOI of state. W. R. Archer, Harvey Dunn, W. A. Grimshaw and Montgomery Blair were members of the constitutional convention of 1847. Alex. Starn of 1862 and W. R. Archer of 1870. The state senators from Pike county were Henry J. Ross, William Ross, Thomas Worthington, Sr., Hugh L. Sutphin, Solomon Parsons, J. M. Bush, W. R. Archer, J. W. Johnson and Harry Higbee. The fol- lowing were members of the Illinois house of representatives : N. Hanson, John Shaw, Leo Roberts, H. J. Ross, John Turney, Joel Wright, William Ross, Solomon Parsons, Parvin Paulen, William Blair, Adolph Wheeler, B. D. Brown, Richard Kerr, Oscar Long, Alfred Grubb, James McWilliams, Alex. Starn, William P. Harpole, James M. Higgins, Tyre Jennings, O. M. Hatch, Hugh L. Sutphin, C. L. Higbee, J. L. Grimes, Gilbert J. Shaw, W. R. Archer, Scott Wike, J. H. Dennis, A. Mittower, Charles Kenney, Albert Landrum, M. D. Massie, A. C. Matthews, J. L. Underwood, Thos, Worthington, jr., H. D. L. Griggsby, A. Dow, W. I. Klein, F. L. Hall, T. A. Retallic, A. G. Crawford, I. D. Webster. Out of forty-two only ten are living who were in the general assembly from 1820 to 1905. The county has had the following circuit judges : C. L. Higbee, A. C. Matthews, Jeffer- son Orr, Harry Higbee ; and the following pro- bate or county judges : James Ward, Charles Harrington, Alfred Grubb, John W. Allen, R. M. Atkinson, Strother Griggsby, Edward Doocy, William B. Grimes, B. F. Bradburn. Judges of the appellate court : C. L. Higbee and Harry Higbee. THE PIKE COUNTY BAR. The county was originally in the first judicial circuit and has ever been prominent in this great state. Some of the greatest and most famous men of -the state and nation have practiced at this bar, namely : Abraham Lincoln, "the greatest man who ever came in the tide of time ;" Stephen A. Douglas, "the little giant of Illinois ;" General E. D. Baker, "the superb orator ;" General John J. Hardin, a martyr of the Mexican war-; Milton Hay, Pike county's steadfast friend ; O. H. Browning, a member of Lincoln's cabinet; Ne- hemiah Bushnell, a great United States court lawyer ; Governor Richard Yates, the war gov- ernor ; Samuel D. Lockwood ; Lyman Trumbull ; W. A. Richardson ; Calvin A. Warren ; Murray McConnell ; Arch Williams ; Jackson Grimshaw ; Daniel H. Gilmer ; I. N. Morris ; Z. N. Garbutt ; Alfred Grubb ; Joseph Kline ; William R. Archer ; William A. Grimshaw; R. M. Atkinson; J. L. Dobbin ; James S. Irwin ; James F. Greathouse ; H. D. L. Griggsby ; Thomas Worthington ; J. L. Underwood ; S. V. Hayden ; J. M. Bush ; Chaun- cey L. Higbee; Scott Wike; and D. B. Bush, who was a member of the bar in Massachusetts in 1814 and came here in 1836. All of the above have passed away save J. M. Bush, Thomas Worthing- ton and S. V. Hayden. The present Pike county bar is as follows: Judge Harry Higbee, Joseph M. Bush, A. C. Matthews, Jefferson Orr, A. G. Crawford, Ed- ward Doocy, William Mumford, W. E. Williams, A. Clay Williams, B. T. Bradburn, Paul F. Grote, Ray N. Anderson, A. C. Bentley, H. T. Bush, Edward Yates, W. H. Crow, J. W. Stauf- fer, L. T. Graham, George C. Weaver, Edwin Johnson, Mark Bradburn, J. D. Hess, Frank Du- lany, W. I. Klein and George Hinman. A little of the prominence of some of these disciples of Blackstone is interesting now and will be more so as time wings its flight. Harry Higbee was several times state senator and twice elected circuit judge. J. M. Bush was United States commissioner, state senator, and for a quarter of a century was mas- ter in chancery. A. C. Rfatthews was a colonel in the Civil war, collector internal revenue, for six years supervisor of internal revenue for the states of Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, from 1875 until the office was abolished, three times a member of the Illinois legislature and was speaker of the thirty-sixth general assembly, was circuit judge and comptroller of the United States treas- ury under President Harrison. Jefferson Orr has been state's attorney and circuit judge ; Edward Doocy has been county judge and master in chan- cery. W. E. Williams, state's attorney and a member of congress ; A. Clay Williams,, state's attorney; B. T. Bradburn, county judge; A. C. Bentley, master in chancery; Mark Bradburn, I02 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. state's attorney; W. I. Klein, a member of the Illinois legislature ; W. H. Crow, master in chan- cer}', the other gentlemen have fame before them, and Richelieu said : "In the bright lexicon of youth there is no such word as fail," and an old lawyer once said ; "Use what talent you possess. The woods would be very silent if no bird sung there but those which can sing best.'' Pike county's first circuit court was held at Cole's Grove, October i, 1821, and the following have been the judges in the eighty-five years that have passed : Hon. John Reynolds was a supreme judge when he held court at Atlas about 1822 ; Hon. John Y. Sawyer was the first circuit judge to hold court in this county in 1825 ; Hon. Rich- ard M. Young was judge till 1837, when he re- signed to accept a seat in the United States senate ; Hon. James H. Ralston served in 1837, but in August of the same year he resigned on account of ill health ; Hon. Peter Lott was in office till 1841 ; Hon. S. A. Douglas was elected by the legislature in 1841, and served until he was elected to congress in 1843 : Hon'. Jesse B. Thomas was appointed in 1843; Hon. Norman H. Purple was elected in 1845 and held until 1849 ; Hon. W. A. Minshall was elected in May, 1849, and held till his death, October. 1851 ; Hon. O. C. Skinner succeeded Judge Minshall and held the office until May, 1853 ; Hon. Pinckney H. Walker was in office until 1858, when he was ap- pointed to fill a vacancy on the supreme bench ; Hon. John S. Bailey served three years ; Hon. Chauncey L. Higbee was elected in 1861 for a term of six years and was three times re-elected, making nearly twenty-four years of consecutive service therein. He departed this life December 7, 1884. He was one of the purest and most learned of jurists, was wise in counsel, learned and upright in decision, on. A. C. Matthews was appointed in 1885 to fill out the unexpired term of the late Judge Higbee. Hon. S. P. Shope was elected judge of this district in 1877. Hon. Charles J. Schofield was judge for six years. Hon. Jefferson Orr served from 1889 to 1895. Hons. J. C. Broady, John H. Williams and Oscar Bonney held court here frequently. The present incumbents are Hon. Harry Pligbee, resident judge, who is on his second term, Hon. Albert Akers and T. N. Mehan. All have been able and of great legal ability, and have added much to the jurisprudence of the old first judicial circuit. The prosecuting attorneys have been as fol- lows : In the early days the attorney general of the state acted as prosecuting attorney and later each circuit was given an attorney, while in 1872 each county was given one. These were Thomas Ford, J. H. Ralston and J. J. Hardin from about 1826 to 183s ; in 1837 W. A. Richardson, best known as old Dick, an old-time democratic war horse, six times a member of congress, and gov- ernor of Nebraska under President Buchanan ; Henry L. Bryant, in 1839; William Elliott till 1848; Robert S. Blackwell, 1848 to 1852; Mr. Blackwell was a great lawyer, an old-time spell- binder on the stump ; Harmon G. Reynolds, Wil- liam C. Goudy and Calvin A. Warren from 1852 to 1854; John S. Bailey till 1858; L, H. Waters in i860, who entered the civil war and became colonel of the eighty-fourth Illinois, it being re- lated of him that when he came to Springfield in 1865 with his regiment for muster out, that the only citizen that met him at the depot was a butcher and the proprietor of a "hand me down," who wanted to sell "cheap cloding" and blue beef. The boys all say "Lew"' was a good officer. Daniel H. Gilmer, Thomas F. Morgan and Wil- liam R. Archer served as attorneys pro tern from i860 to 1862. Mr. Morgan and L. W. James were the last under the old law. When each county was given a prosecuting attorney, Jeffer- son Orr was elected in 1873 and 1876; J. W. Johnson in 1880, and H. C. Johnson in 1884. W. E. Williams served from 1887 to 1892 and was afterwards a member of congress from this coun- ty. A. Beavers served one term ; A. Clay Wil- liams was elected in 1896 and 1900: M. S. Brad- burn in 1904 being the present incumbent. The masters in chancery have been J. Merrick Bush from i860 to 1885, and his successors have been W. H. Crow, A. C. Bentley and Edward Doocy. CHURCH HISTORY OF PIKE COUNTY. The first sermon preached in Chambersburg township was at the house of Rachel Brown by PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 103 Rev. John Medford, a Methodist, and the first Sunday-school was by the Methodists in the town of Chambersburg. The Christians and Baptists are also well represented by a host of good citi- zens. Flint has Methodist, Baptist and Christian churches, and the worshipers are devout and worthy citizens. Detroit has six churches : Christian, Methodist Episcopal South, Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist and Missionary Baptist. Montezuma township has the towns of Milton, Montezuma and Bedford, which each have Christian and Methodist houses of worship with good membership. Pearl has a Trinity Metho- dist Episcopal church and a Christian church. Both societies are in a flourishing condition. The first church was built in 1867. Perry has a Methodist church organized in 1832, with such noted old pioneers as B. L. Matthews and wife, G. W. Hinman and wife and ten others. The Christian church was organized in 1837. In 1879 ^ committee consisting of Jon Shastid, Alex Dorsey and seven others erected a gothic style church at a cost of about four thousand dol- lars. Zion church was erected in 1852. The' Lutheran church was organized in 1859. Griggs- ville has six churches. The Baptist church was organized in 1834, and their first house of wor- ship was finished in 1840. In 1873 the old church was torn down and a brick edifice costing about two thousand dollars was erected. The First Methodist society was called the Atlas mission in 1830, with the great Peter Cartright as presiding elder. The regular church was organized in 1835 by the Rev. William Hunter. The Congrega- tional church was organized February 16, 1837. Hinman Chapel Methodist Episcopal church was organized in 1844 ; the United Brethren church in 1842, and the church of Christ in 1874. Newburg has a Bethel church built by the Methodists. Hardin has a Methodist and two Christian churches. Spring Creek has, in the town of Nebo, a Baptist church and the Regular Predestinarian Baptist. The societies were formed in 1862 and 1863. Fairmount has the United Brethren, Pres- byterian, Methodist and Christian churches. New Salem has a Universalist church and Methodist, also Methodist, Presbyterian and United Breth- ren churches in Baylis. Pittsfield has a Congre- gational church. Its first house of worship was built in 1838 and its second in 1846. They now have one of the largest edifices, erected several years ago. The Christian church is one of mod- ern style and has, perhaps, the largest membership of any in the county. The Methodists also have a large and substantial church, erected in 1876. The Baptist church was organized in 1839. St. Stephen's Episcopal was built in 1852. The Roman Catholic church was built in 1869. There is also a Presbyterian church, a German Metho- dist and a church of the Latter Day Saints. Mar- tinsburg has a Methodist and a Christian church. Pleasant Hill has a Baptist, Methodist and Chris- tian church. Hadley has several church organ- izations and their meetings are held in some of the commodious school buildings of the township. Derry had a Methodist society in i829,and in 1830 the renowned Lorenzo Dow preached there and baptized two persons. The town of Eldara has a Methodist and a Christian church. Atlas has a Congregational church at Summer Hill, also at Atlas ; a Methodist church at Rockport and Gilgal. Barry has a Methodist, Baptist and Christian church, and all three churches are large and com- modious edifices, each with large memberships. Pleasant Vale has at New Canton a Methodist and Union church, the latter occupied by the Christian society. Cincinnati has Wike chapel, a Methodist church. Kinderhook has a Baptist and Metho- dist church in the town and the Akers chapel, a Methodist Episcopal church, and a Methodist and Baptist church at Hull. Levee has a Metho- dist Episcopal church near Spencer Switch. The wonderful and famous Lorenzo Dow and Peter Cartright several times preached on the west side of the county, notably at Atlas, Derry and Pleas- ant Vale. This church history is not as complete as desired, but the cause is that so few of the church societies have kept records. "By ourselves our lives are fed, With sweet or bitter daily bread." CALIFORNIA. Pike county men who went to California in 1849, 1850, 1851 and 1852 were as follows: From I04 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY; Detroit : John J. Mudd, John Haddican, Andy Work, Dr. George C. Harris, Wash Harris, Neal Peckenpaugh, J. K. Sitton, James Rush, James Dinsmore, James Stoner, John Marcus, WiUiam Meredith, Woodson Meredith, James Meredith, J. Brown, Ben Hayden, Ehsha Hayden, Asa Hay- den, Jack Tucker, Alex Blake, William Stack- pole, Zack Ownby, Thomas Ownby, Sam Fry, Henry Ingils and wife, Henry Kiser and wife and Joseph W. Ingles ; from Montezuma : B. F. Stewart, James Stewart, Burl McPherson, Joe McCrary, William Lester, John Nation, Dr. Clem- mons, Dan Crawford, Joel Mechan, James Het- terick and wife, W. Zumalt and W. B. Grimes, from Hardin ; David Porter, Samuel G. Sitton, David Sitton, Ruben Hendricks, Marsh Dins- more, William Dinsmore, Johnson Brace, Lince Johnson, George Kent, Samuel Hendricks, Riley Johnson, Ben Barney and John Kiser ; from Pitts- field : Dewitt Castle, George Abbott, Alfred Mil- ler, William Thompson, Hamilton Wills, Norton Bates, Ervin Davis, Mr. McElroy, Marshall Dut- ton, Henry St. John, N. E. Quinby and Jones Clark ; from Barry : George Griffith, L. Brown, Barton Alkire, Josiah Alkire, William Israel, Grant Israel, Jack Brown, Henry Brown, William Hedger, John Brown, Elijah McAtee, Elisha Hurt, Major Donaldson and Jackson Jennings ; from Griggsville : James Elledge, Uriah EUedge, Dan Elledge, George Coss, William Jones, old Mr. Fessenden and son. Captain May, Enos Parks and John McWilliams ; from Pearl : Wil- liam. Wheeler, Peter Kessinger, William Winne- ger and William Leper; from Newburg: David Gibson, James Gibson, Holly Rose, Henry Rob- inson, Nathan Kelly, George Godwin, Abe Liv- ingston and Fred Stone ; from New Canton : Amos Morey, J. H. Talbart, P. H. Davis, Wil- liam Weir, Harrison Brown, W. H. Uppinghouse, Henry Havens, Peter Bully, Aura Brown, Walk Neely, Joseph Mygatt, John Emerson, Samuel Taylor, L. G. Hosford, James Dutton, John H. Brammell, Orin Parkis, Frank Tittswirth, Clark Churchill, Ed Tryon, C. T. Brewster, Orin Shearer, Sam Dowden, Manly Barney, Henry Dobbins, George Stanley, James Speed, Jo Stan- ley, William Flippen, Horace Palmer, Jay Green, John Cartright, William Handlin, Moses Sam- uels, Tom Cravens, William Redmond, Arnold Woodward, William Fugate, Hugh Barker, Isaac Williams, Horace Garrison, Hardin Havard, Ru- ben Griggsby and Moses Waggoner; from El- dara: In 1848, W. Isaiah Cooper, John Cooper and George Wood, in 1849, Sam Blackwood, Sam Watson, George Roberts, William Lippin- cott, Nathan Paulin, Ben Newnham and family, James Harris, Henry Hazelrigg, Sam Steele, H. R. Wood, Henry Taylor, J. L. Underwood, James Caldwell, Isaiah Cooper, William Crozier, Simon Crozier, William Crozier, Jr., William P., George W. and Pleasant M. Freeman, Charles Foreman, in 1850 William Chamberlin, Peter Carey, Carlisle Burbridge, Isaac Holman, George Hoover, Sam Hoover, John Sigsworth, Ben Dolbow, Jake Swerengen, Nathan Kendall, in 1852, Joe Lip- pincott, David Lippincott, T. W. Martin, Oliver Martin, William Snyder, George W. Underwood, Jehu Wood, John Bowers, Ed Bowers, Phil Crowder and son, David Crowder, P. T. Dickin- son, Maybery Evans, William H. Johnson, in 1854 William Veal and family, William Gomer and family, John Keezee, John R. Newnham, Wil- liam Evans, Tilford B. Taylor, Thomas Taylor, L. N. Worsham and Robert Little ; from Pleasant Hill : H. Weaver, George Roberts, James GofT, Ched B. Lewis, William Ward and Peter Carey. The above list of the Pike county argonauts is not as complete as it should be, but upon reflec- tion, over a half century has passed since the trip was made overland, and it took long and tedious months crossing the plains, beset with many dan- gers and much suffering and loss of life. There is a new generation now and the old Californians are not in their thoughts. Manv of the gold seek- ers left their bones to bleach on the then great American desert. The gold fever excitement and the Civil war were the most costly in lives and treasure of any thing in American history. Only about six of the returned Californians are living in igo6. BANKS AND BANKERS. In the old times banks were not known, as coon skins and beeswax were in manv cases the medium of exchange, but later when the stage PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 105 coach and the mail service were inaugurated money became a necessity, and tlie old picayune six and a quarter cents, and the old bit or twelve and one-half cents, and wild cat paper circulated and then the Spanish mill dollar, and occasionally some American silver. Then came a deluge of "shinplaster" paper, promises to pay, that in most instances were a delusion to the holder. This un- satisfactory condition of the "root of all evil" lasted until the Civil war, since which time the "money question" is one of entire satisfaction to all. Pike county has banks in many of the towns and they have been a great aid in all business transactions. The first bank in the county was at Pittsfield in an early day, established by Colo- nel Ross and others. The old-time note shavers and sidewalk brokers have come down through the ages and are still with us. The county in 1906 had fifteen banks as follows : Barry, the First National, with T. A. Retallic president, and O. Williamson, cashier ; Baylis, the Farmers' Bank, with S. T. Grammar, presi- dent, and R. Y. Barnes, cashier ; Chambersburg, the Farmers' Exchange, J- M. Chenoweth presi- dent, and H. B. Dennis, cashier ; Griggsville, the Griggsville National, with B. F. Newman presi- dent, and E. S. Hoyt, cashier ; and Illinois Val- ley Bank, with A. Dunham president, and F. H. Farrand, cashier ; Hull, the First International Bank, with J. W. Sperry president, and W. W. Somers, cashier ; Milton, the Exchange Bank, with C. E. Bolin, president, and C. E. Bolin, cash- ier ; Nebo, the Minier Brothers, with T. L. Minier president, and C. Armentrout, cashier ; and the Bank of Nebo, with R. R. Pollock president, and Roy Pollock, cashier; New Canton, Bank of New Canton, with H. B. Atkinson, and J. R. Easley, cashier; Pearl, the Bank of Pearl, with C. A. Manker president, and C. A. Manker, cashier; Perry, the Perry State Bank, with W. H. Wilson president, and Robert Greg- ory, cashier; Pittsfield, the First National Bank, with Harry Higbee president, and R. T. Hicks, cashier; and the Farmers' State Bank, with Lewis Dutton president, and Ross Matthews, cashier; Pleasant Hill, the Citizens' Bank, with N. R. Shultz president, and C. C. Thomas, cashier. NEWSPAPERS OF PIKE COUNTY. The first newspaper was started in 1842 by Michael J. Noyes in Pittsfield and named The Sucker & Farmers Record, which was followed by the Free Press, Journal, Old Flag, Radical, Morning Star, Sentinel, Banner, People's Advo- cate and Herald, all at Pittsfield; at Barry, the Enterprise, Observer, Unicorn, Greenback and Breeze : at Perry, The News and Paragraph ; at Hull, The Breeze; at Griggsville, The Reflector; at Milton, The Beacon and Advocate; at New Canton, the Mail, News and Advance. They are papers of the past, gone but not forgotten. The publications in 1906 are in Pittsfield, the Pike County Democrat, started in 1857. In 1865, J. M. Bush became editor and owner, running the paper for nearly forty years. It is now managed by William and J. M. Bush, Jr. The Pike County Republican was started by S. T. Donahue about 1896, and is now edited and owned by Burr H. Swan. The Pike County Times, started in 1895, is owned and edited by A. C. Bentley and C. W. Caughlin. Griggsville has the Press, with E. E. Williamson, editor : the Herald, with Arden Northrup, editor. Perry has the Citizen, edited by Six & Bro. Milton has the Beacon, with H. T. Humm as editor ; Barry has the Adage, with A. E. Hess as editor and owner; the Record, owned and edited by the Record Publishing Co. Pleasant Hill has the Messenger, with C. R. Barnes as ed- itor. Hull has the Enterprise, with H. C. Sperry as editor. Baylis has the Guide, with G. R. Haines as editor. Nebo has the Banner, with Truman Dinsmore as editor. New Canton has the Press, with C. L. Hopkins as editor and owner. These papers are all well managed, have good patronage and are welcome weekly visitors to many homes. Their subscribers are very numer- ous all over the west as Pike county people are to be found in all the western states, and the old home papers are like a letter from home. STEAMBOATING. In the days of steamboating the Illinois river was a great outlet and inlet for the east side of the countv and the river steamers that were so io6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. useful are now recalled : the Post Boy, Lady Lee, Calhoun, Time and Tide, North Star, Peoria, Belle of Pike, Regulator, Fanny Keener and many others. Captain Samuel Rider, Captain Abrams and Dan Bates are well remembered by passen- gers and shippers. Many times freight would be left at the various landings for several days, awaiting shipment because the steamers had not sufficient tonnage for the vast c[uantities that were offered. Pittsfield had a plank road to Florence and it made the latter place one of the large re- ceiving and shipping points, but when the rail- roads came they soon made the rosy, glorious days of river traffic vanish and now they are onlv a memory. On the Illinois river Griggs- ville Landing, Florence, Montezuma and Bedford were the principal shipping points, while on the Mississippi river the points were Douglasville, opposite Hannibal, Missouri, Cincinnati and Scott's Landings. The business of Pike county farmers and business men on the two rivers up to the time that railroads took the trade were im- mense as the crops were nearly always abundant, and our industrious and active citizens have ever been alert in grasping the opportunities that have made the county so great. Like a pleasant dream the good old days of steamboating pass in review, and the realty of those halcyon times will appeal vividly to the older citizens who remember the floating palaces that were to be seen daily between St. Louis and Keokuk. Many were real palaces finished in white, blue and gold, with beautiful pictures on the stateroom doors, and fore and aft painting of some city or historical scene. The steamers those days cost from $60,000 to $80,000 and often more, and a trip on one of those commodious and tastefully equipped steamers, either for busi- ness or pleasure, will never be forgotten by those who enjoyed it in the wonderful past. A list of the old-time boats and their very ca- pable, affable and courteous captains will interest many along the great Mississippi river, as well as those here, who will recall the names with pleas- urable recollections. The Hst will embrace about all the freight and passenger boats since the time of the organization of the St. Louis & Keokuk Packet Co., which was a power in its time, and assisted in making the great river the commer- cial artery for all the vast valley of the Mississippi. The Boreas, the boat that will never be for- gotton, as it was the only one that had a high pressure engine that could be heard for five miles and was a fright to animals. The low pressure boats were the Ocean Wave, Edward Bates, Kate Kearney, Die Vernon, Mary Stephens, Sheridan, New England, Regulator, Lucy Bertram, Golden Era, Jennie Deans, Han- nibal City, Quincy, Warsaw, Keokuk, City of Louisiana, Mollie McPike, Sam Gaty, Des Moines, Golden Eagle, Gray Eagle, Bon Accord, J. H. Johnson, Andy Johnson, Rob Roy, Min- nesota, St. Paul, Gem City, Tom Jasper, Denmark and Atlas. The two last named sank near Cincin- nati Landing and were never raised. The Atlas had 100 barrels of whisky in the hull, and after the upper works were removed, attempts were made to get the whisky but with no success. The knowing ones assert that the hull and contents were buried in the sand and could the whisky be be saved it would be worth more money than the article ever sold for. The island called Atlas and Denmark is now over the wrecks. The old-time captains were Nieal Cameron, Chas. Dean, Rufus Ford, A. Berzie, J. H. John- son, Flem Calvert, John W. Malin, R. J. Whit- tedge, Frank Burnett, David Asbury, C. Alford, J. W. Gunn, H. W. Brolaski, I. Matson, Moses Hall, John Hamilton, and Lyman Scott. The latter was not in command very long, as he was a prohibitionist and removed the bar on his boat, and as the public would not stand for that he was soon removed. All the boats had bars, and they were kept till the Diamond Jo line of boats superseded the old Keokuk line, when they were all removed. A few years later the railroads on both sides of the river captured the river business, and now, in- stead of seeing from five to ten boats every day plowing the old Father of Waters, laden with freight and passengers, two or three a week is all that is to be seen. All the glory and profit of the palmy days is only a memory. In those days, especially in the pork packing seasons, from fifty to one hundred teams a day from Barry, Kinderhook and New Canton, would PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 107 go to Cincinnati Landing, where the pork, lard and bulk meats, wheat and corn would be stored till the river opened. .It was frequently the case that the bank of the river would have ricked up from 3,CX30 to 5,000 barrels of pork and lard, and as much as 50,000 pieces of bulk meat in the warehouses. Large quantities of hay were also shipped. It was baled in the old and slow way, pressing a bale at a time tying it with ropes of hickory withes. The boats were so overloaded that many times freight would lie in the warehouses for a month or more, awaiting shipment. One man had 500 sacks of wheat that cost $1.00 per bushel and he was vexed that he could not ship it, but his worry turned to a great grin of satisfaction, for when it did go, wheat had advanced, and he sold it for $2.00 per bushel. Another man had about 2,000 bushels of ear corn and was offered 75 cents for it, but held it for a rise. He afterwards had offers of $1.00, $1.25, and the last offer included shelling, sacking and hauling. to the river, which meant $1.25 net for him. No sale; he was holding for $1.50. Here's, where he laughed out of the other corner of his mouth. Corn went down. He sent for sacks, shelled and shipped it to St. Louis, and it net him only 35 cents. One man bought a lot of wheat at $3.00 per bushel, sent it to the landing by flatboat, thence by the steamer to St. Louis, and sold it for $3.55 per bushel. He had a net profit of 20 cents a bushel. The writer personally knew all the old-time boatmen named in this article, and with possibly two exceptions all have joined the silent major- ity on the other shore. The principal shippers here and at Barry and at Kinderhook have all passed away with possibly four exceptions. Among the Warehouse men at Cincinnati Land- ing not one is left. RAILROADS. In reference to means of transportation this county is greatly favored by nature. Indeed, there is no county in the State to which nature gave such abundant and convenient channels of transportation as to Pike. Here are two of the finest water courses in America washing its shores, and no portion of the county over half a day's drive from one of them. Without a rail- road many of the northern counties of the State would yet be in their native condition. Yet Pike county could, and did, get along very conven- iently without a railroad. As early as May. i860, a railroad was pro- jected, principally by Messrs. Starne and Flatch. This road was known as the Pike County Road, and later as the Hannibal & Naples Road. Some grading was done, but the county, at a general election, refused aid, and the project was abandoned until after the war, when through the efforts of Judge Higbee, Scott Wike, James S. Irwin, Hon. William A. Grimshaw, W. Steers, of Pittsfield, Messrs. Brown and Wike, of Barry, and Messrs. McWilliams, Ward, Philbrick and others of Griggsville, the enterprise was revived and pushed to completion. Originally about $350,000 were expended on old Pike road ; and of this sum the city of Hanni- . bal furnished as a city $200,000, the townships on the line of the road $70,000, and individuals in Hannibal and Pike county the balance. The money subscribed was faithfully expended under the direction of Mr. Starne, the president of the road, and a competent engineer ; the war com- menced and the road failed, as did most of the public enterprises of the country. It was at that time in debt to Mr. Clough, one of the engineers, about $1,000, and upon a suit commenced by him a judgment was rendered against the road for his debt. The friends of the road were anxious that it should not be sacrificed, and when it was sold, bid it in in the name of Scott Wike, for $1,039, who transferred the certificate of purchase to the directors of the old road, Messrs. A. Starne, B. D. Brown, O. M. Hatch, George Wike, George W. Shields, J. G. Helme, James McWilliams and Scott Wike; and the sheriff made them a deed February 12, 1863. They were then incorpo- rated as the Hannibal & Naples Railroad Com- pany. Mr. Shields was the mayor of the city of Hannibal, and Mr. Helme a large property holder there. They were directors of the old road, and were appointed by the city council to look after the interests of the city. The other io8 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. gentlemen were directors in the old road and large property holders in Pike county. When the agitation incident to the Rebellion had subsided and the people again turned to the improvement of their homes and the carrying out of home enterprises, the completion of this road was urged. Enthusiastic meetings were held throughout the county in December, 1867. The proposition by the supervisors to bond the county was de- feated by a popular vote December 24 — 2,777 for, to 2,841 against, one of the largest votes ever cast in the county. At a railroad meeting held at the courthouse in Pittsfield December 30, 1868, resolutions for pushing the railroad interests of the county were passed, and a committee appointed, headed by William A. Grimshaw, to "take the requisite steps to carry out the project of railroad con- nections for Pittsfield and Pike county with the Chicago & Alton, or the Pennsylvania Central, or any other roads interested and willing to co- operate with Pittsfield and Pike county." At the same time there was a project of a rail- road from Louisiana, Missouri, to run west to the Missouri river, headed by Thomas L. Price, then a railroad king of the West. Ten miles of the Hannibal & Naples road were completed February 18, 1869, namely, to Kinder- hook, and a banquet and great rejoicing were had on the occasion, in a car at Kinderhook. In pursuance of an official call a railroad meeting was held at Pittsfield, ■ March 8, 1869, with R. A. McClintock, chairman, and J. M. Bush, secretar}-, when Col. A. C. Matthews ex- plained the object of the meeting. A committee was appointed, one from each township repre- sented, to assess the sum of $150,000 among the various townships embraced in the call. The meeting passed a resolution indorsing the act of the Legislature providing for the refunding to the several townships and counties, the con- tracting debts for railroads, the entire taxes on such railroad property, and the excess of all State taxes over the assessment of 1868. August, 1869, the Flannibal & Naples road reached a point within two and one-half miles of New Salem ; reached Griggsville in September ; railroad completed in October; crossed the Illi- nois river January 20, 1870; February 11, fin- ished to Pittsfield. At tiJat time a grand free excursion was given, when the following inci- dent occurred : The train being gone about three hours longer than was expected, parties who had been left behind began to feel uneasy. One man, whose wife and son were with the excursionists, with his remaining son built a fire near the track ; and while waiting with great anxiety for the re- turn of the train, the little boy started toward the track. The father in his agony said, "Don't, my son : don't go near the track ; I'm afraid some dreadful accident has happened and you and I will both be orphans." When the train at last arrived all safe and sound, there was great re- joicing. The contract for building the railroad from Pittsfield to the Hannibal & Naples road was let July 24, 1869, to Hon. A. Starne. Work was immediately begun and before a year had passed trains were running. After the Hannibal & Naples road was com- pleted, it was changed soon after to the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway, and in March, 1880, when the great Wabash line came in pos- session of the T., P. & W. Ry. and other lines, it was changed to the Wabash, St. Louis & Pa- cific Railway. About the time of the completion of the Hannibal & Naples road, other roads were projected. In May, 1869, a line was surveyed from Rushville, via. Mt. Sterling to Pittsfield. In the summer of 1869 special efforts were made by the citizens of the county to complete the projected railroads, and at a meeting of the citizens of Pittsfield and Newburg townships at Pittsfield, June 17, committees were appointed to devise ways and means to raise the amount re- quired of them, namely, $32,000. C. P. Chap- man was appointed cha.irman of said committee. In the spring of 1871, everything pertaining to the railroad interests of the county seemed to be lying dead or asleep, and the suspicion of the people began to be aroused that the enterprise was abandoned, when General Singleton, presi- dent of the Ouincy, Alton & St. Louis road, an- nounced that that company was waiting to obtain the righ of way through Quincy. This road was soon completed, following the line of the Mis- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 109 sissippi from the northern hne of the county to the southern where it crosses the river at Louisiana. In the spring of 1872 it was proposed to build a road to Perry Springs, connecting with the Bobtail to Pittsfield. At this time the county of Pike and the townships of Pittsfield and New- burg had invested $132,000 in the Pittsfield branch, with no prospect of dividends ; but it was proposed to issue county bonds of $10,000 to $12,000 per mile on the Pittsfield branch, on which the Wabash company should guaranty the interest, thus enabling them to negotiate the bonds at a fair rate. The Quincy, Payson & Southeastern Railroad was projected to make a direct line to Pittsfield through Payson, thence nearly directly east to Effingham, to connect for Cincinnati and the East, but nothing definite has been done. The Chicago, Alton & St. Louis ran the "Lou- isiana," of "Kansas City" branch through the southern townships of this county. This was done without local aid from this county, but re- ceived help from the city of Louisiana. This is a first-class road, and opened up a most pro- lific part of Pike co^unty. At this time a railroad bridge was built across the Mississippi at Louisi- ana. August I, 1871, a magnificent bridge was completed across the same river at Hannibal. In the olden times, when Berry, New Canton and Kinderhook shipped all their produce and received their goods from Cincinnati Landing, the ways and means were confined to teams in midsummer and in spring to skiffs and flatboats, as it was almost certain that the Mississippi would overflow the low lands and sometimes re- main half of the year. After the Hannibal & Na- ples Railroad had been in operation a year or so, the Quincy, Alton & St. Louis was built from Quincy to Louisiana; then the Chicago & Alton in the south part of the county, and soon the old ways were changed. SNY ISLAND LEVEE. Along the whole of the west side of Pike county there runs a bayou of the Mississippi river, named by the early French Chenal Ecarte (crooked 7 channel) but in English generally called "Sny," for short, from the French pronunciation of Che- nal. This bayou commences in Adams county about twelve miles below Quincy, and runs south- easterly somewhat parallel with the river, until it ends in Calhoun county, its channel being gen- erally about midwav between the river and the bluffs. The low land drained by this "bayou," "channel," "slough," "creek," etc., as it is vari- ously called, comprises about 110,000 acres. This was subject to overflow every spring, and being the most fertile ground in the West, it is very im- portant that it be reclaimed if possible. Without improvement it is entirely useless, and even a source of malaria and sickness. Consequently, in the year 1870 a movement was set on foot to reclaim this vast tract of rich land by an embankment near the river. To aid in this great enterprise the Legislature passed an act, ap- proved April 24, 1871, authorizing the issue of bonds, to be paid by special assessments on the lands benefited. To carry out the provisions of this act "The Mississippi Levee Drainage Com- pany" was organized about the first of August, 1871, by a meeting of the citizens of Pike and Adams counties, electing a board of directors, with S. M. Spencer, president, other officers, and a board of commissioners. The citizens also drew up and signed a petition for the appointment of the commissioners according to law, whereupon the County Court (R. M. Atkinson, Judge) ap- pointed George W. Jones, William Dustin and John G. Wheelock, commissioners, Mr. Dustin's place, after his death, being filled by Benjamin F. Westlake. For the construction of the levee they issued bonds, bearing interest at 10 per cent, and they were sold mostly in the Eastern markets, some in Detroit, Michigan, the interest payable an- nually. Accordingly the levee was constructed in 1872-4, at a cost of about $650,000. But the manner of collecting assessments au- thorized by this act was called in question by a case brought up to the Supreme Court from the Wabash river, where similar work was being done, and the court decided that feature of the act to be unconstitutional. A similar case went up to that tribunal from this county, and the Court re- affirmed its former decision. It was then thought no PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. expedient to procure an amendment to the State Constitution ; the necessary resohition was sub- mitted to the people by the 30th General Assem- bly, and it was adopted by an overwhelming ma- jority. Thereupon another act was passed by the 31st General Assembly, to make the law conform to the constitution as amended, and under this act the owners of lands on the Sny bottom proposed to construct a drainage district to be known as "The Sny Island Drainage District." The levee, as at first projected, was completed, as before stated, but it has proved wholly insuffi- cient, as the Mississippi flood, aided by high winds, in April, 1876, broke through the embank- ment, and all the low land was inundated, destroy- ing crops, carrying away fences, and driving out the inhabitants. No one, however, was drowned, but planting was retarded. The breaches were soon repaired, but more lately a new company has been organized to improve the levee and make it perfect, that is, capable of protecting the bottom land against such a high water as there was in 1851. This levee is by far the largest above Vicksburg, being about fifty-two miles in length, commencing on a sand ridge in Adams county, and extending into Calhoun county. It is constructed of the sandy soil along its line, and readily becomes sod- ded and overgrown with willow and other small growth. The streams which formerly emptied into the Mississippi now find their way into Bay creek, and then into Hamburg bay, in Calhoun county. A few farms were opened in the bottom before the construction of the levee, but since that work was completed the land is becoming pretty well covered with farms, occupied by a good, in- dutrious class of citizens. The time may come when the dwellers in this land will become a power in the county. We desire here to state to the public, with some emphasis, that neither the county nor any munici- pality in the same is in any manner liable for the bonds issued in aid of the construction of this levee. Neither the State, county nor towns took any part in the issue of the bonds, or in the con- struction of the work. The enterprise was a pri- vate one, and the fact that the bonds are not paid reflects on no one. The law under which they were issued was declared unconstitutional, and in such cases the bonds must fall with the law. On the completion of the levee the source of water supply for the Rockport Mills, situated on the Sny, was of course mostly c.ut off. Conse- cpently, about September 15, 1874, the proprie- tors of the mills, Messrs. Shaw & Rupert, hired parties in St. Louis to come up and cut the levee, having been advised that they had lawful authority to "abate the nuisance" by their own act. Great excitement was occasioned by this transaction, and during the ensuing litigation the mill proprietors obtained a mandamus for opening the Sny ; but a settlement was finally effected by a compromise with the drainage company, the latter paying the former $30,000. The mill, however, was subse- quently destroyed by fire. The levee bond suit was in the courts for many years, when it was settled in favor of the land owners. In 1870 the primary committee for putting the ■Sny Island levee on its way to reclaim 110,000 acres from annual overflow held its meetings here and was composed of the following citizens, resi- dents near the proposed levee : C. N. Clark, Charles T. Brewster, Samuel Spencer, Joseph Colvin and Ricliard Wells, with M. D. Massie as secretary and assistant treasurer. This committee met here and at the house of C. T. Brewster near here, and formulated plans for getting money and legislation, which resulted in the Levee and Drain- age law of 1871, and the appointment of the first levee commissioners, namely : George W. Jones, John G. Wheelock and William Dustin. The levee was hurriedly and poorly constructed and was not protective, and in a suit testing the validity of the law the State Supreme Court de- clared the law void and unconstitutional as to the land assessments. The court also issued an inter- locutary order that the levee commissioners take charge of the works for the parties interested. Hence the great bond suit for about two millions of dollars, for old bonds and accrued interest. After years of delay the suit was tried, and re- sulted in a verdict for the land owners as against the bond holders. The defendants at a meeting at Hull chose the following five as an executive committee to employ attorneys and look after the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Ill the case : C. N. Clark, chairman ; Thomas Worth- ington, secretary; M. D. Massie, treasurer; Wil- Ham Grammar and George Long. After a trial in the various courts, ending in the United States Supreme Court and lasting twenty years, the case was decided in favor of the land owners. The executive committee, in con- junction with the levee commissioners : S. E. Hewes, Marcus Hardy and H. B. Atkinson, met at Hannibal, Missouri, in 1902 and settled up all the old business. The costs aggregated nearly $31,000, as follows: Hay, Green & Company, attorneys first employed . $ 8,000 Ex-President Harrison 7)750 Attorney General Miller 2,000 Home attorneys, printing, stenographers. . 11,800 Committee expenses 900 $30,450 William Grammar, one of the committee, died, and Joel Scarborough was chosen and did duty till the suit was ended. The rebuilding of the levee, which broke at the following periods: April 17, 1876; June 30, li April 25, 1881 ; October 20, 1881 ; May 14, li June 5, 1903, was of an immense benefit, not only to the reclaimed lands but to the adjoining terri- tory. The sanitary benefits were perhaps greatest of all, as malaria, chills and fever, and other dis- eases incident to flooded lands had possession, and kept the doctors busy day and night. Now all is changed, and the entire 110,000 acres are dotted with homes, schools and churches, and are in a high state of cultivation, and the people en- joy as good health as anywhere in the county. Now the lands that were slow sale at $2 to $10 per acre are held at from $40 to $100 an acre. Re- cent purchasers are loath to sell at current prices, as the yields of corn, wheat and hay are so satis- factory that it makes the land about the best investment that can be had. One illustration. A certain tract of land that formerly was almost worthless, now pays owner and tenant each from $7.50 to $10 per acre. The soil is apparently al- most inexhaustible, and will improve in quality and productiveness as it is properly tilled and cared for. The Sny levee commissioners, since its organ- ization, have been George W. Jones, John G. Wheelock, William Dustin, B. F. Westlake, Al- fred Stebbins, J. Barnard, R. M. Murray, A. V. Wills, Henry C. Cupp, Marcus Hardy, J. G. Adams, Edward Prince, Samuel E. Hewes, H. B. Atkinson, H. E. Seehorn, A. J. Thomas. The treasurers were Philip Donahue, H. B. Atkin- son, Joseph Dober and J. R. Easly. The first attempt to construct a levee was made by Samuel Leonard, of Louisiana, Missouri, about 1858, and some work was done near Cincinnati Landing, and then abandoned. In 1870 Charles N. Clark, of Hannibal, Missouri, began the preliminary work, and lived to see it a grand success. The present commissioners are about complet- ing a ditch fifty-three miles in length that is ex- pected when finished will thoroughly drain the entire one hundred and ten thousand acres in the Sny levee district. They have at work a large dredge boat and a suction boat, well manned, and the work is highly satisfactory. The entire cost will exceed one hundred thousand dollars. Pike county is not alone in the interest of this work, but Illinoisans, Missourians and Indianians are landowners and interested in the district. RURAL MAIL ROUTES. Pike county has the following rural mail routes : Pittsfield, seven ; Barry four ; Griggs- ville, three ; New Canton, three ; Nebo, two ; Hull, two; Rockport, two; Pleasant Hill, two; Baylis, two ; Pearl, one ; Strout, one ; Kinder- hook, one ; Lladley, one ; New Salem, one ; Cham- bersburg, one ; total, thirty-three routes. There are thirty-three postoffices, twenty-one of which are money order offices. Sixty years ago mail and postal facilities were very crude and limited. Now with fast mails and a generous Uncle Sam the great dailies with news of the world are now an additional breakfast food. The old-time post- masters, who kept postoffice in their hats, would be astonished could they return from the echoless shore and see the modern and up-to-date post- offices. In the old days envelopes and stamps 112 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. were unknown. Sheets were folded and mailed for a distant friend, who paid twenty-five cents for his letter. Now in 1906 a letter for from two to five cents will traverse the globe. PIKE county's illustrious DEAD. The early pioneers were not particularly noted for their legal acumen and statecraft but more for the eternal principles of right, and their en- ergy and endurance in the old and trying times when they started old Pike on the forward march of progress and civilization, and gave to us one of the gardens of the then new world. The first names on the roll of illustrious dead are Ebenezer Franklin and Daniel Shinn ; and soon came William, Clarenden, Leonard and Henry Ross. The first named was the most distin- guished and was known as Col. William Ross, who is now held in everlasting esteem for what he did for posterity. John and Jeremiah Ross, Rufus Brown, John Wood, Willard Keyes, James M. Seely, John and Nathaniel Shaw, Al- fred Bissell, John Matthews, Nicholas Hansen and Benjamin Barnev, all will live in histor}^ as our first and most illustrious pioneer citizens. In the list of pioneer business men the following left their impression on the times, and will be remembered for what they did for the advance- ment and development of afl^airs : Lyman Scott, John Webb, N. W. Jones, C. P. Chapman, Aus- tin Barber, B. D. Brown, M. Blair, Lombard & Ayres, D. D. Hicks, George Wike, Amos Morey, Lewis Angle, B. F. Westlake, John McTucker and Isaac A. Hatch. In the list of professional men occur the medical ; and they gave the best years of their lives to the public : Drs. W. A. Whiting, A. C. Baker, Thomas Worthington, O. C. Campbell, F. A. Landrum, John ,\. Thomas and J. H. Ledlic. The brilliant legal minds that now are still and pulseless, but are so well re- membered are : Chauncey L. Higbee, of whom Milton ITaly said, "As great soldiers are said to learn the art of war upon the battlefield, so in the open field of practice, opposed with rivals and contestants, so Judge Higbee acquired, to a high degree of excellence, both the principles and art of his profession" ; Scott Wike, William A.Grim- shaw, James S. Irwin, William R. Archer, Strother Griggsby and H. D. L. Griggsby, each were devoted to this profession, and doubtless fully endorsed this, from the day when Cicero said that the law was set over the magistrate to the time of Chatham's famous declaration, that where law ends tryanny begins, and from that day to ours, great men have celebrated the con- nection of law with liberty. To lossen the re- spect for law in America, whether that respect is lost by magistrate or the people, is a poor serv- ice to our country. Added to this list properly come the following who were well known as good citizens, whose lives added to the glory and prosperity of old Pike. They all did something for schools, churches, for charity, and generally for all the people's interests. B. L. Matthews, J. L. Metz, Rev. William Hawker, J. Cleveland, J. H. Den- nis, William Turnbull, James McWilliams, Charles Gibbs, George Pratt, J. O. Bolin, B. H. Atkinson, William Watson, Joel Pennington, Perry Wells, William Yokum, W. R. Wills, Sr., J. G. Adams, J. D. Rupert, Samuel Taylor, Ha- zen Pressy, D. A. Shaw, Moses Easley, Joseph Strubinger, Rev. William Rose, Revs. Carter. Worthington and Barrett, William Green, Niles Kinne. Samuel Clark, Horace Horton, James Tolbert, Moses and Joel Morey, J. C. Colvin, Joseph McFarland, Alex McClintock, C. T. Brewster, Dr. P. M. Parker and F. M. Clyde. OLD settlers' association. It is not strange that among the pioneer settlers of any new country a deep-seated and sincere friendship should spring up that would grow and strengthen with their years. The incidents pe- culiar to life in a new country, the trials and hardships, privations and destitution, — are well calculated to test not only the physical powers of endurance, but the moral, kindly, generous attri- butes of manhood and womanhood. Then are the times that try men's souls, and bring to the surface all that may be in them whether good or bad. As a rule there is an equality of conditions that recognizes no distinctions. All occupy a common level, and as a natural consequence a PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 113 strong brotherly and sisterly feeling rise up that is as lasting as time. For "a fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind." With such a community there is a hospitality, a kindness, a benevolence, a charity unknown and unpracticed among the old- er, richer and more dense commonwealths. The very nature of the surroundings teaches them to feel each other's woe and share each other's joy. An injury or a wrong may be ignored, but a kindly, charitable act is never forgotton. The memory of old associations is always fresh. Raven locks may bleach and whiten, full, round cheeks become sunken and hollow, the fires of intelligence vanish from the organs of vision, the brow becom.e wrinkled with care and age and the erect form bowed with accumulating years, — but the true friends of "long ago" will be re- membered as long as life and reason endure. The surroundings of pioneer life are well cal- culated to test the "true inwardness" of the hu- man heart. As a rule the men and women who first settle in a new country, — who go in advance to spy out the land and prepare it for the coming people, — are bold, fearless, self-reliant and indus- trious. In these respects, no matter from what remote section or country they may come, there is a similarity of character. In birth, education, religion and language, there may be a vast differ- ence, but imbupd with a common purpose, — the founding and building of homes, — these differ- ences are soon lost by association, and thus they become one people united by a common interest ; and no matter what changes may come in after years the associations thus formed are never buried out of memory. In pioneer life are always incidents of peculiar interest, not only to the pioneers themselves, but which, if properly preserved, would be of interest to posterity ; and it is a matter of some regret that "The Old Settlers' Association" was not formed years before it was, and that more copious records were not kept. Such an association with well kept records of the more important events, such as dates of arrivals, births, marriages, deaths, removals, natavities, etc., as any one can easily and readily see, would be the direct means of preserving to the literature of the country the history of every community, that to future gen- erations would be valuable as a record of refer- ence, and a ready and sure method of settling important c[uestions of controversy. Such rec- ords would possess facts and figures that could not be had from any other source. Aside from this historic importance such associations serve as a means of keeping alive and further cement- ing old friendships and renewing among its mem- bers associations that were necessarily interrupt- ed by the innovation of increasing population, cul- tivating social intercourse and creating a chari- table fund for such of their old members as were victims of misfortune and adversity. The subject of organizing an old settlers' so- ciety was brought up in the summer of 1869. In the Pike County Democrat of July 29, that year, the following significant passage occurs : "The time will come when the history of this county will be written. For that history, the meeting of such society will furnish the best material, and the parties now living attest the facts that will form a large portion of it." There was nothing definitely done toward the organization of this society until the summer of 1872, when some of the leading old settlers interested themselves in it. The first meeting was held on what is called Blue creek, August 21, 1872. The meeting was ' called to order by Wm. Turnbull, of Flint, on whose motion Capt. B. F. Westlake was appoint- ed temporary chairman. Upon taking the chair Captain Westlake stated in brief the object of the meeting, and for the purpose of effecting an organization he suggested the propriety of ap- pointing a committee on permanent organization to report to the meeting at I o'clock, p. m. This committee consisted of Col. A. C. Matthews, James Ft. Dimmitt and William Turnbull. The meeting was then addressed bv Rev. Mr. McCoy, after which an adjournment was had until i o'clock, p. m. After the dinner was dispatched the people were called together by the choir, dis- coursing most pleasant music. After singing, the committee on permanent organization report- ed the following named persons as officers of the "Old Settlers' Association of Pike and Calhoun counties, Illinois. For President, Col. Wm. Ross, Newburg; 1st Vice President, Col. Benj. Barney. Pleasant Vale; 114 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 2d Vice President. Daniel B. Bush, Pittsfield ; 3d Vice President, Capt. B. F. Westlake, New- burg; 4th Vice President, Capt. Benj. L. Mat- thews, Perry; 5th Vice President, Jos. Brown, Chambersburg ; 6th Vice President, John Lyster, Detroit ; 7th Vice President, James Grimes, Mil- ton ; 8th Vice President, Abel Shelley, Griggs- ville ; 9th Vice President, Perry Wells, Atlas ; loth Vice President, Samuel G. Sitton, Hardin ; nth Vice President, William Grammar, Hadley ; I2th Vice President, Montgomer)^ Blair, Barry ; 13th Vice President, John Brittain, Martins- burg; 14th Vice President, Thomas H. Dimmitt, Griggsville. Secretary, Marcellus Ross, New- burg; 1st Assistant Secretary, Dr. E. M. Seeley, Pittsfield ; 2d Assistant Secretary, William Turn- bull, Flint. Colonel Barney presided at this meeting, Colo- nel Ross being absent on account of sickness. A communication was however read from the presi- dent. Rev. W. D. Trotter, one of the pioneer preachers of the county, spoke for about an hour, reviewing the early life of the pioneers. Hon. William A. Grimshaw delivered the address of the day. It was an ably prepared historical re- view of the count)''s history. Indeed, so replete is it with interesting facts of pioneer times that we give the entire address in this connection : ADDRESS OF HON. WILLIAM A. GRIMSHAW. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen — Se- lected by 3'our committee of arrangements to bid you welcome here to-day, I do so most cordialh- as an old settler myself, of, say, the second period of Pike county, coming here in the vear 1833; that being after the winter of the deep snow, which was our early noted period in the annals of this then wild, romantic and beautiful coun- try, sparsely settled and embraced in the bounds of Pike county. That snow with us, once, was the starting point of the date of current events, although our records of the court of justice do not legally recognize that as "a day in law," }et «,e even in courts, in the simplicity of our early language, often heard events traced by that snow as the date point. In the early days we all enjoyed the largest constitutional liberty ; we voted for him we liked best, as I, a whig, did for "honest Joe Duncan," a democrat, on a deep question in those days, the Illinois and Michigan canal, "the deep cut ;'' M£ also each worshipped God according to the dictates of our own conscience and under our vine and fig tree. When Brother Trotter, who :s now present, venerable with years and revered for piety, or old Father Woolf, now gathered to his fathers, blessed for his good deeds, came around to his appointment, all, of every religion and no one religion, turned out to meeting in the woods or the log schoolhouse or at a settler's home. We had no fine churches in those days. Mormons puzzled the unwary by their startling pretense at new revelations. Or, if disappointed by the regular minister, old Father Petty would recite in pra3rer Belshazzar's feast in trembling tones of piety. Our worthy and venerable president (elect but absent), Col. William Ross, who has been often honored by the people of Pike county by their votes, e'ecting him to high offices of public trust, could tell vou much of the first period or earliest \'ears of the settlement of your county, as he ar- rived in the county in 1820 and settled at Atlas, which was the county seat in its day, and was laid out by the Ross brothers. Atlas was yet the place at which the countv records were kept in 1833, but in the spring of the year Pittsfield was sur- veyed and laid off into lots and the sale thereof made at difl^erent periods, the first sale of lots be- ing in that spring. A courthouse was built in the summer of 1833 at Pittsfield; from that event the greater prosperity of the countrv and an in- crease of population began. The terror infused into the public mind, be- yond the settlements of Illinois, by the Black Flawk war, which had retarded emigration to our State, the Indians being removed to the west of the ^lississippi, the tide of emigration began to set in, and you witness to-day, in the presence here of this assemblage, the vast change in a little over fifty years since the Yankees (who came before the clock peddlers) set foot within the limits of Pike county, as it now exists. Clock ])eddlers were the only gentlemen in those days, as they rode in the only covered carriages. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 115 It is true, when you consider the rise and the growth of Chicago in our own State, and of St. Louis in Missouri, rival cities, each of nearly four hundred thousand people, we don't seem to have much to brag of as our growth. Con- sider, however, that we are almost strictly an agricultural county, that being' our chief and most profitable pursuit, and then the greatest zealot for progress must admit that, from a be- ginning of a few families in 1821, we are now a county not to be sneezed at, and especially when our vote at the polls is counted. Excluding counties in which cities have arisen, we are most densely populated, more so than many in our beautiful Illinois, and yet we have broad acres of valuable lands in a state of nature. Once our prairies were the home of the bound- ing deer in vast herds, of the prairie wolf, the prairie fowl in great flocks, the timber land abounded with the squirrel, the turkey and the pigeon, and in the hollow trees we had the beau- tiful but noisy paroquet ; as well as in their haunts numerous other birds and animals. These have in a great measure disappeared until game is a rarity. The wild fruits once abounding have been superseded by more luscious cultivated fruits. And yet, who of the old settlers does not remember with a twinkle in his eye the old set- tlers' first substitute for an apple, a big turnip ; and also find a good taste in the mouth when he thinks of those nice preserved plums, crab apples and ground cherries, and the pumpkin pie, and the pork mince meat. We then think of the prai- rie and woodland each abounding in the season in beautiful flowers, rivaling in their colors the rainbow. These were the holiday delights of dame and maiden, and the husband and lover were alike made glad in their contemplation. The retrospect of nature has its beauties. The reality of the first settler's life in a new country is often full of prose and but little poetry. Compare the simple and even poor furniture of our early homes with the elegant furniture now in use, and what a contrast ! But with all the drawbacks of an early settler's life few repine at their lot in this beautiful land. None can who accept with reflection and thankfulness the many mercies which crown our lives. I am reminded by this retrospection, that yes- terday, on returning home, I found a written, kind notification from your committee, in charge of the convening of this your first Old Settlers' meeting, that I was invited and expected to ad- dress you to-day. I then took my pen to endeavor to bridle my thoughts and to bid them serve the request of the committee, that I should speak as to the "honesty, patience, industry, self-sacrifice and hospitality of the old settlers. Honesty was the rule, crime the exception, in the early, days. It would seem as if at the first mention of the honesty of the old settlers it was a sarcasm, on the idea of lawyers settling here, and as if I had some personal experience and revelation to make. Of course I know something and much of the facts, and will relate them. It was well known that because we had no locks we never locked our houses and out build- ings ; it was proverbial that the deer skin of the door latch was never pulled in, that is the latch string was out; then we had not, much to tempt people to steal ; so our things lay about loose ; our plows with wooden mold boards hung on the fences with impunity ; but at Christmas time, the plow or ox skull hung upon a tree by the way- side, reminded the passer-by of the three-year- old, riding to see his girl, that a fool's head was too soft to butt either of those pendants in the tree. At an early day an old ax, worth fifty cents perhaps in these days being stolen, the vile thief was ordered to leave the settlement of Atlas, and did leave for his country's good. It was said that loud porcine cries were heard upon the "Sny Is- land" at times, because men would kill their neighbor's hogs ; that was a trifling affair and cost only the penalty of going halves with the nearest justice ; thus dividing the meat — unless the head and ears were found and those bearing some man's recorded mark ; then that was a case for the grand jury. Hog stealing was said to be caused by drinking Sny water. We have told only of the style of dishonest tricks in those days. With more facts to bear us out, we can now affirm that the general reputa- tion of our early settlers was remarkably good for honesty in general, but there was a slight ti6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. propensity to "hook timber" to make rails and to use at house logs, and some fellows in the land, held, in fact it was "common law" that a "bee tree" even in your pasture lot was lawful plunder. As to the patience of our people, if that means bearing up with the courage of a true man and true woman under the perils to limb and prop- erty, the early settlers were exemplary for that ; the trials of an early settler's life were legion. His resources, so far as supplies for his family were small ; his debts were a great vexation, and some if not all, had these pests, until the lands were entered and paid for, the money often being loaned at interest as high as seventy-five per cen- tum per annum. Then if you went to mill, you journeyed a score, aye, three-score miles; to meeting often as far. No bridges, and but few roads existed ; the saddle, or the ox cart, or the truck, wooden-wheeled wagon, and no fine car- riages, was the mode of travel. Corn dodger, without salt, and pork or side- meat, were great staples ; vegetables and fruits, unless wild fruits, were rarely on the table, unless when company came to spend the afternoon, or to a quilting, then the best in the house or the neighborhood afforded was forthcoming for the visitor. The quilting parties were generally the resort of young and old. Marriages were rare in those days, because bachelors were more plen- tiful than belles. As to the industry of the old settlers, as a class, industry was to the extent of present abil- ity, implements, health and condition, and was not surpassed by the toil of men of the present day. The matron and the few young ladies had much toil and vexation, and that was often more excessive on wash day, because of having to pick up fuel as it could be gleaned, or carryng the clothes to and from the wash place, which was a branch or spring. The clothes line was a grape vine or a fence, and the hogs and calves tres- passed on that to "cliaw the things," and to keep the "creeters" off old boss and the old woman (not yet twenty-five years old) often had a hard fight lest the baby in the cradle sitting near the out-door fire should be "up-sot." Self-sacrifice was one of the manv and noblest virtues of the early settler ; in times of sickness you were free to call up any neighbor for help, to sit up with the sick, to ride twenty-five or even more miles for the doctor, and that mostly, as our doctors said, in the dead of night, to the great horror of the doctor, who had to saddle up and travel in the dead of night, to the farthest limits of his own or to an adjoining county. Although the county of Pike was naturally healthy, the over toil, the privation, the imperfect protection from the inclemency of seasons, the water used from shallow water holes, all these tended to multiply disease and death. This county was never, as a general thing, visited so much with sickness and death as other counties in our State. In the early day no iron horse snorted and raced over the prairies. The steamer once perhaps in several weeks dragged itself along. Twelve days was a short time for a trip from New York here, and that mostly by stage. Our mails ar- rived once a week, and a letter cost us our "last quarter." News from Europe a month old was fresh. No troublesome quotations of daily mark- ets puzzled or enlightened us. A counterfeit United States bill was almost legal tender. Hoop poles, staves and cord wood were equal at a later day to .gold. Store pay was better than any of the foregoing, but often lead to heavy mortgages and secret bills of sale. The laws were quickly enforced. Once a client of a celebrated lawyer was taken out of court and the penalty of the law put on his back with stripes before the motion for a new trial was over ; then the client protested against a new trial lest if convicted he would be a second time whipped. Now how changed is everything around us ! In the early day there was more variety in dress, if less taste. All dressed in their best, and some- times (if the ladies will pardon such an o'er true tale) a white satin bonnet, the worse for the wear, was seen over a blue "Dolly Varden" ruffled cap. The most distinguished man at shows for a num- ber of years, was an old, gaunt, straight man, with a bell-crowned hat, in the height of the fashion when he was young, which was nearly twelve inches perpendicular; horses often carried double in those days, if girls were plenty, and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 117 about sparking and wedding time. Oh how so- ciable ! and yet all was modesty and innocence. Hospitality — that signifies strictly "practice of entertaining strangers," but in its true early set- tler's ways much more was meant, intended, and done. On a journey almost every house was a wel- come home to the weary traveler ; if any charge was made for the entertainment it was very mod- erate ; at times the parting word to you was, "You are welcome to such as we had, and please call again when traveling this way." Hospitality scarce expresses the fine sensibility, the manly Christian spirit, of many of the olden time. The pioneer feels that each and every set- tler of his neighborhood (and he does not criti- cise much as to who is his neighbor) is entitled to such help and good feeling as may be asked or should be extended. I felt and still feel a large degree of sympathy, and that the most cordial, with the old settlers. It occurs to me that as Pike county once included Calhovm, and as some of the settlers there are contemporaries with our earliest settlers, we should include the Calhoun old settlers in our So- ciet)' — in fact just this week that was named to me in that county. With great hopefulness as to the prosperity of this new society, desiring for it many happy re- unions, I offer to you the thanks of myself, an old settler, for your courtesy in inviting me to ad- dress this meeting; and may God bless our vast population spread over our large count}^, which had when first known to myself about three thou- sand people, and now contains approaching forty thousand, although the hive of people has swarmed many times. Farewell, my friends, one and all. Let us part with mutual good wishes, as we never more can all meet again in this life. At the first meeting it was decided to invite the old settlers of Calhoun county to join with the Pike County Old Settlers' Society. In harmony with this decision Calvin Twitchell, Smith Jen- nings and William Wilkinson were elected vice presidents. SECOND MEETING. The second meeting of the Old Settlers' Asso- ciation was held in September, 1873. The fol- lowing letter from Judge William Thomas, of Jacksonville, was read : "Jacksonville, Aug. 30, 1873. "Mr. Marcellus Ross, Secretary: Dear Sir — I have received two invitations to attend the Old Settlers' meeting in Pike county on Wednesday next. I regret that I can not accept either, for I would be glad to meet the survivors of those with whom I became acquainted forty-five years ago. I attended the circuit court in Atlas in June, 1827, which was my first visit to Pike. The court was held by Judge Lockwood, who now resides at Batavia, in Kane county. The attorneys in at- tendance were John W. Whitney, N. Hanson, and John Jay Ross, of Pike county. Gen. James Tur- ney and Alfred Caverly, of Greene county, now of Ottawa, and J. W. Pugh, of Sangamon county, Mr. Jenkins, of Calhoun county, John Turney and myself, of Morgan county. Capt. Leonard Ross, one of nature's noblemen, was sheriff. Col. Wil- liam Ross was clerk; James M. Seeley was an officer of the court. Of all these. Judge Lock- wood, Mr. Caverly and myself are the only sur- vivors. The court was in session three days, and then went to Calhoun county. It was held in a log cabin in the prairie, near which was a log cabin occupied by the grand jury. The traverse jury had the privilege of the prairies. "In September afterward, returning from the Winnebago war I left the boat at Ouincy, where I purchased a horse, saddle and bridle for $40. From Ouincy I came to Atlas, a good day's travel ; remained in Atlas one day and two nights, and then set out for home. Passing Colonel Seeley's, I found no other house until I reached Blue river, where Van Deusen had a small grist mill, and I crossed the Illinois river on Van Deusen's ferry. That night I reached Exeter. The weather was pleasant, the roads were dry and smooth. "Pike county was then a wilderness. I came as directed, the nearest and best route home. I could never then have been made to believe that I should live to see a population of 30,000 within its boundaries. "Captain Ross entertained the jury and the law- yers in their double log cabin free of charge, ex- pressing his regret that we could not stay longer. I was at Atlas at the presidential election in 1824 ii8 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. and voted for John Ouincy Adams for President. "Judge Lockwood, Mr. McConnell and myself, in attending- court at Atlas (the year I do not recollect), passed the present site of Griggsville and saw the man, Mr. Scholl, raising the iirst log cabin on the hill. I suppose the land had been laid out in town lots. "In the early settlement of the Military Tract traveling cost but little. The old settlers were always glad of the opportunity of entertaining travelers, and especially the judge and lawyers, from whom they could obtain interesting accounts in relation to what was going on in the world around them. Besides, we often had to encamp in the woods and prairies because no house was within reach at dark, and this was called "lodging at Munn's tavern," because of the large number of quarter sections of land owned by him. I have often fared sumptuously in the log cabins on bread made of grated meal, venison, honey, but- ter, and milk and stewed pumpkins, and slept comfortably and soundly on the puncheon floor. "Feb. 14, 1823, Wm. Ross was elected Judge of the Court of Probate. In 1823, Geo. Cadwell, then of Greene County, but afteward included in Morgan, was elected to the Senate for Greene and Pike, and Archibald Job, who was still living, for the House. Cadwell's term expired in two years, and in 1824, Thomas Carlin, afterward elected governor in 1836, was elected to the Sen- ate. Cadwell was an educated physician, a man of talent and stern integrity ; he died in 1824 or 1825. "At the meeting of the Legislature in 1824 Nicholas Hanson and John Shaw both produced certificates of election to the House. The ques- tion which was entitled to the seat was referred to the Speaker, who decided in favor of Hanson, During the session the question was again brought before the Plouse, and decided bv a unanimous vote in favor of Hanson. Near the close of the session the question was reconsidered and Shaw admitted, in consideration of which Shaw voted for the resolution for a call of a con- vention. "For several years after I came to the State, deer, wild turkey and wild beasts were plenty, especially on the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. But for this fact many of our early settlers would have sufifered for provisions, or have been compelled to retreat for supplies. "In passing from Rushville to Quincy, the Judge, Mr. Caverly and myself slept on the prairie during the night, and the next morning, which was Sunday, we found a house a few miles distant in the barrens ; and we could not make the family believe it was not Saturday. The nearest neighbor lived five miles distant. They lived on wild game, grated corn meal and roasted ears, and lived well. We thought at breakfast we could not wish for better fare. "In passing from Atlas to Gilead in Calhoun county we always made the house of an old gentleman named Munn our stopping place. He and his wife were always glad to se6 us and made sumptuous preparations for our comfort. "If I were at the stand and questioned I could probably answer many questions in regard to matters of interest to the present inhabitants ; but as I do not know the points on which they would question me, and as I have already extend- ed this letter, considering the hot weather, to what may be considered a reasonable length, I close, hoping that you may have a good day and a good time. "Respectfully your friend, "William Thomas." This meeting was addressed by many old set- tlers, who related many interesting experiences. The exercises were interspersed with music and a grand picnic dinner, etc. Letters were read from Edwin Draper and Levi Pettibone, of Louisiana, ]\Iissouri, besides one from Judge Thomas, above given. Wm. A. Grimshaw was elected President, James McWilliams, of Griggsville, Vice Presi- dent, and George W. Jones Assistant Secretary. The following resolution was adopted : "Resolved, That the old settlers of Pike and Calhoun coun- ties be requested to notify the President and Sec- retary of the Old Settlers' organization, the names of all members of this Association who shall depart this life during the present year, and that PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 119 the Secretary be instructed to enter the same upon record." Among those who addressed the assembly were Hon. Wm. A. Grimshaw, John T. Hodgen, of St. Louis, Calvin Twichell, of Calhoun county, J. T. Long, now of Barry, for many years a resident of Adams county, Wm. Turnbull, of Flint, A. P. Sharpe, of Griggsville, Alvin Wheel- er, the oldest living settler of Pike county (came here in 1818), now 75 years of age. Col. D. B. Bush closed the line of history by giving a sketch of Pittsfield. Dr. Worthington claimed Fred- erick Franklin, of Montezuma, as the oldest liv- ing settler of Pike county now living. He was the son of Ebenezer Franklin, the first settler in the county. In this connection we give the very interesting letter of Mr. Draper: "Louisiana, Mo., Sept. i, 1873. "Hon. Wm. A. Grimshaiv and Others: Gentle- men, — Through the politeness of some friend of your county-seat I am indebted for an invitation to attend the meeting of old settlers of your coun- ty at Pittsfield, on the 3d inst. ; for this invitation I presume I am indebted for the fact of being nearly connected by marriage with Levi Petti- bone, Esq., an old settler and perhaps the oldest man in Pike county, Missouri, and perhaps with exceptions the oldest man in Missouri, he being few exceptions the oldest man in Missouri, he be- ing now nearing the completion of his 93d year. , But froin whatever cause, I esteem it a compliment altogether undeserved to myself, but which never- Aeless I should take the greatest pleasure, if cir- cumstancs permitted, of meeting with the old settlers of your county, among whom I am proud to recognize, not only the many distinguished public men, but many old and long esteemed per- sonal friends, some of whom have long been set- tlers of Pike county, Illinois, and not a few of them old settlers of Pike and Lincoln counties, Mis- souri, who, not being content with aiding to break up the wilds of Missouri and bring them into paths and fields of civilization, have largely colonized Pike county, Illinois, where they have been long enough to earn the appellation of 'old settlers,' where they are realizing the rich fruits of their industry in land flowing with milk and honey. and as I lament to know, many of them are rest- ing beneath the sods that are no respecters of persons in the final winding up of human affairs. The memory of many of these persons, both liv- ing the dead, carries me far back into the history of the past, in the early history of Missouri, of whose soil I have been an occupant since the year 181 5, before either your State or Missouri had a State Government. Though then quite young (but eight years old) I was old enough to remember everything I saw, and everybody I knew, — much more so than persons and facts of later years ; but to attempt to recount or name any considerable number of them would be to in- flict a bore upon you that I dare not presume upon, but as I presume that a part of the exer- cises of the occasion would be to recur to the early history of the West, including your State and ours, I can not resist the temptation to jot down a few facts and names, even at the risk of being laid upon the table as a bore. "The date 1815 shows that the early settlers, among whom was my father, were crowding into Missouri even before the forts were all va- cated, whither the old settlers had fied for the pur- pose of protection from hostile savages, who had but recently had almost undisputed possession of a large part of our state. To get into Missouri, then largely considered as the promised land, we had to cross the Mississippi river, the Father of Waters. I don't know how much of a father he was at that time, but I have been acquainted with him since that time, and I don't know much difference in his size between then and now, ex- cept occasionally, as in 1851, he got into a terrible rage and had uncontrolled possession from Louis- iana to Atlas, and rolled on, whether vexed or unvexed, in solemn majesty to the Gulf of Mexico. "But to continue. He had to be 'crossed' to get into Missouri. In 1815, as history shows, no steamboats were known on our rivers, and the only modes, or rather mode, of crossing the river at St. Louis was by means of a small keel-boat or barge without any deck or covering, propelled by poles ; and our wagons were crossed by placing two planks or slabs across the keel, running the wagons by hand upon these slabs across the boats 120 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. and 'scotching' the wheels with billets of wood, filling in the inner parts of the boat with horses, children, etc. Yet we conquered the old gentle- man and rode across in triumph, but not, however, until after waiting two days on the eastern bank for the wind to lie, which had so ruffled the sur- face and temper of the 'father' that he could not, safely at least, be mounted by an insignificant keel- boat until the cause of his irritation had ceased. "Safely on the Missouri shore, the first night was passed in the city of St. Louis, then contain- ing about 1,200 inhabitants and very few brick houses ; I did not count them, however. No rail- roads then were even thought of in the West, so far as I remember, but now — well, )'0u can tell the tale yourselves. St. Louis has now 450,000 inhabitants and would likely have a million but for Chicago and the railroads, which have revolution- ized the course of nature and the natural rights of St. Louis, which depended on the navigation of the great rivers to work for her ; and while her great landowner slept a quarter of a century, Chicago and the railroads were surging ahead of her. "Excuse this digression, which I could not help while reflecting on the immense change all over the West since I first crossed the great river. "I have alluded to the fact of your county being largeh' colonized from Pike and Lincoln counties, Missouri. It would be impossible for me to enu- merate all of them, even if I knew them all; but among the names I remember well those of the Gibsons, the Sittons, Buchanan, Yokems, Gallo- way, Uncle Jake Williamson, the Cannons, Col- lard, \A"ellses, Kerrs, Noyes, Metz, Johnsons, Mc- Connells, Andersons, etc., etc., all of whom went from Pike or Lincoln. All of them were good citizens, while some of them held high and honor- able positions in public office. Your former val- ued sheriff, Ephraim Cannon, was for a while a schoolmate of mine, larger and older than I, but still a schoolmate. The only special recollection I have of our schoolboy's life was that the teacher once asked him, when nearly time to close school, 'How high is the sun?' lie replied he had no means of measuring the height, but 'from appearance it was about a rod high.' "John J. Collard, Esq., a former clerk of one of your courts, was the son of an old settler of Lin- coln county, dating before the war of 1812, if my memory is not at fault. I have attended your courts when held at the old county seat. Atlas, and since its location at your beautiful town, Pitts- field. The old settlers at Atlas, as well as of Pitts- field were the Rosses, most of whom I knew per- sonallv, and had a slight acquaintance with the 'Bashaw' of Hamburg, Mr. Shaw. Old Father Burnett and his boys John and Frank belonged to both Pikes, in Illinois and Missouri. The sons wore out their lives in trying to sustain a ferry between the two Pikes. "But I must forbear, fearing that I have already bored you, a thing I feared at the start. I could write a half quire of recollections of Pike in Mis- souri, and some of Pike in Illinois, if there were any market for them. But I must close with my best wishes for your people, both old and young. "Edwin Draper." third meeting. At the Old Settlers' meeting, September 2, 1874, Hon. William A. Grimshaw delivered an address of welcome, and interesting speeches were made by Col. Benjamin Barney, Rev. J. P. Dim- mitt, Dr. Hodgen, Mr. Turnbull, Judge Grigsby and others. Dr. P. E. Parker was elected secre- tary in place of G. W. Jones, resigned. A motion was adopted changing the time of membership from 1840 to 1850; also a motion to establish a portfolio and gallery of likenesses of old settlers; and members and others were invited to send pic- tures. A social reception of old settlers was given in the evening at Bush's Hall. FOURTH MEETING. At the fourth annual meeting of the old settlers at Barry, August 19, 1875, old-time customs were commemorated by the erection of a cabin com- plete in all its details. It looked as if a family had lieen living in it for years. Cooking utensils hanging around the wall ; suspended on a string were slices of pumpkin and dried apples, corn hung from the posts suspended by the husks, the rifle hung on the wooden hook over the door, the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 121 spinning wheel, the reel and the hand-cards occu- pied prominent posj'fions ; the mammoth gourd for a water bucket and the lesser one as a dipper, attracted considerable attention. On the outside walls the skins of different fur-bearing animals were stretched ; climbing vines were turned up to the roof, and the sunflower in all its magnificence nodded here and there close to the house, and last, but not least, the latch-string hung on the out- side. The cabin was presided over during the early part of the day by Mr. William Grotts, who entertained his visitors with his "fiddle,'' playing ".\rkansas Traveler," "Money Musk," "Old Rosin the Bow," etc. Mr. Grotts was born in this state in 1802, in Madison county. His father was killed by Indians in Bond county in 1814. FIFTH MEETING. During the Old Settlers' meeting at Griggs- ville, August 30, 1876, they formed a pro- cession in front of the Methodist Episcopal church, headed by an old truck wagon drawn by oxen, containing a band, the peo- ple being dressed in the Sunday attire of pioneer times, girls and boys riding double on horseback without saddles, showing how they went to church in olden times. This was one of the most attractive features of the procession, the voung 1 adies especially conducting themselves with becoming grace, and appeared as if they were inspired with the spirit of their grandmoth- ers. An old dilapidated wagon drawn by oxen was loaded with the old-fashioned loom, spinning wheel, flax wheel and reel, and an old plow was followed by most of our modern machinery in the shape of reapers, mowers, harrows, etc. After these a man dressed in Indian costume on his ponv, ladies and gentlemen in modern style in buggies and carriages, the fire engine drawn by members of the base-ball clubs in uniform, and a modern child-wagon with children was drawn by a very small donkey. Col. William Ross was the first president and Marcellus Ross the first secretary. The record is rather indefinite until 1877, when William A. Grimshaw was chosen president and William H. Johnson secretary. Each held the office for nine consecutive years. In 1877 J- ^- Bush, Sr., was chosen president and held the office for five years at intervals. Jason A. Rider was secretary for six years. A. L. Galloway was president two years; M. D. Massie was president for five years at intervals ; W. B.. Grimes, secretary for three years. Jon Shastid, president three years at in- tervals ; Asa C. Matthews, president four years, and is the present incumbent. Will S. Binns has been secretary for ten years, and is the present incumbent. At one of the meetings at Barry, the citizens presented Hon. William A. Grimshaw with a fine silver set, and at New Canton, old and voung settlers presented William H. Johnson with a gold-headed ebony cane. The presents were given as a fitting token to the gentlemen for long and faithful services. The old settlers' meetings have been held at Blue Creek, Pitts- field, Barry, Griggsville, New Salem, Kinder- hook, New Canton, Pleasant Hill and Eldara. The different towns each gave interesting pro- gram.s, intespersed with addresses by noted citi- zens' at home and abroad, music, old relics, pic- tures of departed pioneers and other interesting matters, that made the day one of recreation and pleasure that will always keep the towns and the entertainers bright for the dear old memories awakened. "Say, Bill, don't you remember when you an' me was small. Plow all the houses looked so big, an' all the trees so tall, An' we could look an' see jest where the sky come to the ground? 'Twas jest about a mile from us, fer all the way around. An' that, to us, was all the world ; we knowed of nothin' more. Our knowledge of earth's magnitude was jest about "two by four." An' we never knowed no better till one day when Uncle Ike Come drivin' like the mischief, down that old river pike. An' stoppin' sudden at our gate, he said that Uncle Jim 122 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Was at his house, most awful sick, an' we all went home with him. An' you an' me both sot behind in that old wagon box, An' jolted us 'most inside out, o'er stumps and roots and rocks, Till Uncle struck that prairie road, an' started toward the sun ; That's where the "spreadin-out process" in you an' me begun. We noticed that the place where earth had always met the sky Was jest as far ahead of us, an' we both won- dered why, An' ever since that day, dear Bill, the earth an' sky's been growin'. But, Oh ! the years have gone so fast ; so short the time for sowin'. But lookin' back along the paths that you and me have trod, I think I see at every turn the guidin' had of God. From that small world whose bound'ry was where heaven touched the ground. To this great, boundless universe ; along the road I've found That when the path seemed darkest, and my soul was filled with dread, If I reached my hand out heavenward, I was al- ways safely led. But, thinkin' of that startin' point, and how things have spread out, I wonder, when this life is done, if we're not jest about Ready to start in on one that's always goin' to grow, An' spread, an' widen, an" expand, an' like a river flow. Until our knowledge has no bound — our joy is unconfined, An' we become like unto God — in love, an' soul, an' mind." EARLY EVENTS. The first three couples married in Pike county under license law were : First, Peter J. Sax- bury and Matilda Stanley, on June 27, 1827, by Nathaniel Hinckly, J. P. ; second, William Foster and Elizabeth Sconce, on August 11, 1827, by William Ross, J. P.; thirds William White and Barbara Sapp, on August 20, 1827, by James W. Whiting, J. P., best known as my "Lord Coke." There were great weddings in the old days. The ceremony was very impressive and taught that it was "till death do us part." The happy bridegroom certainly felt as Shakespeare expresses it in his Two Gentlemen of Verona: "Why, man, she is mine own; And I as rich in having such a jewel. As twenty seas, if all their sands were pearls. The water nectar and the rocks pure gold. Too sacred to be spoken." The old-time political meetings were often a source of pleasure as well as a gathering of knowledge as to how "we" are saving the country and how the other fellows are about to dump the whole outfit into ruin. An old party man related a good one illustrative of the often long and tedious speeches that were so common. "Old man Cinnattus was to speak at one of the river towns and he began at the creation and apologized and explained for an hour and the fellow who went with him had often heard the old straw threshed over and he said to a man near by, T will take a nap and when the old man gets down to where Washington crossed the Del- aware wake me up.' " It is not so now, as a read- ing public will not submit to long and tiresome harangues as of old. The county's amusements have been good and sufficient, and the old and young generations have perhaps properly mixed labor and recreation, the older ones are yet wishing for the old-fashioned one-ring circus, and it is a pleasant remembrance to recall the old-time funmakers and entertainers, the old clowns, Dan Rice, Bill Lake and Den Stone, and the, proprietors were Van Amburg, Sands, Caldwell, Bailey, Mabie, Robbins, Bar- num and a host of others that willingly exchanged fun and the glittering tinsel of the sawdust arena for the public's quarters and halves, and after a day at the circus and a good social mixing with their neighbors, all returned to their homes and buckled down to hard work till the next and only OI.D COURTHOUSE PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 125 greatest came along. It was ever thus, and the old fellows are still attending "jist" to take the chil- dren. MISCELLANEOUS. Forty-five years ago a merchant here had a big lot of eggs which he had taken in trade at three cents a dozen. The demand was so poor he concluded to pack them and ship them to St. Louis. Here is the result : 180 dozen eggs $540 One barrel 30 Two bushels oats 80 Freight and hauling - 75 Total $7.25 In about four days he heard from them. St. Louis was overstocked and his shipment sold for three cents a dozen. After paying a small sum for commission he had $5.00 left. Now the same number of eggs would net at his door about $30. A_bout those times a dressed hog would sell for $1.30 per hundred, and nearly all farm prod- ucts were dull sale and at low prices. Now the public have good prices for all farm stuff, and all suppjics are very clieap as compared with the past. Progress, demand, competition and most excellent facilities of transportation make thi.s the golden age. This township had a venerable old citizen, John Hardesty, an old-time pedagogue, who was an auctioneer at a sale in Scott county when Stephen A. Douglas, afterward the "little giant of Illinois," was the clerk of the sale. He al- ways referred with pride to the fact that he had given the young Green Mountain boy his first job in Illinois. Mr. Hardesty and the great Douglas entered the dreamless sleep that knows no waking, in the same year. Peter J. Saxbury, the first man married in Pike county under the license law, in 1827, was a native of New York, and attended the same school with Martin Van Buren ; who was eighth president of the United States. He was a resi- dent here from 1826 to his death, about 1869. Had the high honor of having all of his sons in the Federal army: Benjamin in the Sixteenth Illinois, Edison in the Ninety-ninth Illinois, and James in the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Illinois. The old-time wheat harvest was a great one as compared to the present. When the first Mc- Cormick reaper was used here it was a wonder- ful attraction and the driver and raker were looked upon as great people to manage such an intricate machine. Then there were si.x or eight binders, several shockers and, a whiskey and wa- ter boy ; so the harvest was an expensive one. Then came the dropper, and manv said the heights had been reached and there could be nothing better. Next the self-binder, and now instead of nearly twenty men three or four men can harvest a hundred-acre field with less than one-fourth the expense of the old way. The writer has ridden a horse to tramp out wheat, before threshing machines were in use, and saw the wheat winnowed in a sheet. Next saw the old-fashioned flail in use, the sickle and then the cradle for cutting wheat. Now all is changed, and the present generation hardly real- izes how primitive things were in our grand- father's days. A little over fifty years ago the writer was explaining a water telegraph system that was in use in this county at the Wike woolen mill and on the farm now owned by John Kendrick. The old man who was a listener said, "Now, my son, don't tell me that." As I was trying to assure the old man it was true he said, "You young rascal, don't lie to me. It can't be did." A week later the old man saw it in operation, and the next thing he did was to hunt up the boy and say. "Mv boy, I ax your pardon. It is the truth you tell me. I seed it with my own eyes." In 1847 James Hyde, now a resident of Lin- coln, Illinois, and in the ninety-second year, taught school here. Solomon Shewe, Sr., who was a resident here for nearly forty years, was in the 126 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. early da_vs an Ohio river boatman, and saw the celebrated Mike Fink shoot the cup of whiskey off of Carpenter's head. And later, when their friendship waned, he saw Fink after he had pur- posely killed Carpenter by aiming below the cup and putting the ball in his forehead. It is not generally known but it is true that in 1846 to 1850 what is now Cincinnati Landing was the largest and most business-like town in the county. It had several stores, a large lumber and grist mill, a beef and pork packing establish- ment, and was the point of entry for nearly all of Pike county. The largest New Orleans boats came there, and took their entire cargoes of wheat, corn, beef, pork and other produce that had accumulated during the winter. In those days there were two lines of steamers every day from St. Louis to Keokuk. Not so many decades ago Pike county had twenty-four mills, fifteen pork packing plants, three woolen mills, six tobacco factories and a few foundries. But now changed conditions have closed all but three or four flour mills, and yet the old county is one of the best in an agri- cultural way, but very poor in manufactures. Pike county was organized January 31, 1821, and in 1830 had 2,396 inhabitants. In 1880 it had the largest population, 33,761 ; in 1900, only 31.595- In war times Pike county had some citizens that were as useful at home as those at the front. A few that I knew in various parts of the country were highly esteemed by home folk as well as the boys in the field. The writer at one time sent nearly $10,000 to the following for distribution to their families and home friends from the Nine- ty-ninth boys : L. L. Talcott, Pittsfield ; Benjamin D. Brown, Barry ; Amos Morey, New Canton ; S. B. Gaines, Kinderhook, and others that I do not now recall. The money, representing several months of service of the soldier boys, was promptly turned over to those that were named in the instructions, and not a cent of charges would any of those splendid old citizens take. Their hands and hearts were ever open to the families of the soldier boys. John !\IcTucker, of Barry, and Amos Morey, of New Canton, were 'about the only citizens that Grand Army posts were named after. In 1862 when the Pikers of the Ninety-ninth were in Texas county, Missouri, S. S. Burdett, who was afterward commander of the national Grand Army of the Republic, was quartermaster for General Warren's brigade, he was called upon by a native who said, "Are you the quatamasta? I come to get a voucha for some cohn you alls' men took from me." "How much?" asked Burdett. "Well, sah, there was a heap of it." "Well, how manv bushels?" "There was a great pile of it." "Was it 100 or 500 bushels?" "Well, sah, there was a right smart chance of it." "Well, I will give you a voucher for a right smart chance of corn,'' said the quartermaster, and that was the end of it. Another native asked for some powder and shot to shoot a few squirrels with, as his boy had the ager. I met Burdett in Washington a few years ago, and he was y^t having fun at the thought of the yokels of the Ozarks. "When I was a small lad I stopped one night at the house of Colonel Seeley, who was known as the 'easy sheriff' of Pike county. He earned the title by paying taxes for other men when he was sheriff and collector, they paying him when more convenient, and 'tis said he lost but little by ad- vancing for them. A good old-time story is told of a seeker for office meeting one of the voters, telling his mission and who he was. The voter said, 'I don't know you, never heard of you.' 'Why, you should know me. I am a son-in-law of Colonel Seeley.' The honest rustic said, 'Who the devil is Colonel Seeley?' But the son-in-law \vas elected all the same. "After Colonel Barney, well known here as 'LTncle Ben,' left Atlas he made his home between New Canton and Kinderhook. He was a promi- nent and useful citizen, and a great friend of the Pike county soldiers of the Civil war. His son John was killed at Jackson, Mississippi, in 1863, a member of the Twenty-eighth Illinois. Pike county had another 'Uncle Ben,' B. D. Brown, of Barry, that will always be remembered as one of old Pike's grand old men." "J. W. Reed was ferninst us'ns and was with Gen. John Morgan. He fold a good story of a mother's kindness to him and three other Johnnies PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 127 that were cut oflf from Morgan's men in Tennes- see in 1864. The good old soul fed and housed them, and kept them an extra day to rest up. When they left her cabin home in the Tennessee mountains she filled their haversacks with fried chicken, )'oung scjuirrels and biscuits and butter. When the boys wanted to pay her out of what little Confederate money they had, she said no, she was onl\' doing for them what she hoped some one would do for her boy. "One of the listeners asked Reed where the good woman was. He said, 'In heaven.' The in- quirer said, 'How do you know?' 'Say, fellow, don't you think I know ? Of course I do. All women of her kind are there, because she fed the hungr}' and did her duty in a way that in- sured her a crown of glory." In the days when tramps first invaded old Pike, a weary walker canvassed New Canton and vicinity for all its people would hand out, and then wended his way to Barry. There he struck "Uncle Gumry and Dr. Baker. The first was rich in money ; the Other was rich in his jolly and generous ways, but did not have pennies where Uncle Gumry had dollars. Each gave the tramp half a dollar and Dr. Baker said, "My good man, you should be very grateful, as this poor man (Uncle G.) has given you as much as I." Both are on the other shore, but Barry and New Canton will long remember them for their good citizenship. In 1859, an incident in regard to the way passers of counterfeit money did, occurred. A well-dressed and fine-looking man came here on horseback, stopped at the store of Amos Moore, bought a 25 cent saddlegirth, gave a $10 bill, took the change and departed. Mr. Morey dis- covered later that the bill was a counterfeit. Two weeks later he was in St. Louis and went down to see the morning boat come in, as he expected to meet a Barry man. As he was going on the boat he saw the counterfeiter, and called his attention to the fact he had a bad bill he had passed on him up in Illinois. The fellow said, "I will see you in a moment and make it all right." "Now is the moment," said Mr. Morey, "and I insist that it be now attended to." The fellow was profuse 8 in apologies, said it was not intended, and gave him a new State Bank of Missouri $10 bill, the best bank in existence in wildcat money times, taking back his counterfeit. After the close of the war a grand Charity Ball was given at New Canton, which netted $100 in cash fot the deserving poor of Pleasant Vale township. A noted attorney from St. Louis, a Mr. Jones, W. A. Grimshaw and J. M. Bush, Sr., were attendants and added to the exchequer and everybody but Mr. Grimshaw tripped the light fantastic toe. It was the talk of the town. How happy and generous all were for sweet charity's sake. An amusing incident occurred when Tyre Jen- nings, one of the county's best old-time farmers, was elected to the General Assembly. Old Un- cle John Benson, one of the observant and well- to-do farmers, enquired, "Who got to go to the Legislature?" The answer was "Tyre Jennings," and the old man in great astonishment said, "What ! Send Jennings ? Why did they not send Gumry or Grubb? They've got clothes." He thought Jennings as a plain old farmer would not make a presentable appearance in the old- fashioned clothes of that date that the farmers wore. Back in the old days the seekers for office made calls on the older and most prominent citizens, and one called on William Turner, an eccentric and blunt old citizen, who was justice of the peace and postmaster at the time, and was prominent and well liked for his many good traits. "My name is and I am a candidate for and T understand you are one of the well known and highly connected citizens." "Well, yes, I guess I am. There was a wedding yesterday that made me kin to the d — dest set of hog thieves ever in Illinois." Another incident in the old postmaster's plain speech. He kept a small stock of goods in con- nection with the postoffice. A man who stam- mered came to him and said, "Squeer, I wa-want to get a s-s-eet of cu-cups and saucers, and I will pay you Saturday." As the old postmaster was wrapping them up the man said, "I-I-I am honest and will pay you." The old postmaster set them back on the shelf and said, "See here, feller, if you 128 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. will go out in town and get any one else to say that, I will give you the cups and saucers." Mr. Turner was postmaster for many years, and is kindly remembered for his obliging and af- fable, though blunt ways. In those days the sal- ary was only about $40 a year, and the mails were few and far between. Mr. Turner had a brother here who boasted of the honor of seeing and shaking hands with Marquis de Lafayetre, who visited America in 1825. John Webb was an early settler, a successful business man for many years. He had a store in New Canton from about 1840 to 1852, and left here very rich. Among the old ones just after the war we had a very positive and circumspect citizen that was noted for his big "I." Once in a discussion re- garding spelling and pronouncing, the boys re- ferred him to Noah Webster as authorit}'. The old fellow said, "That's all right, but that's where me and Mr. Webster differ." We had an old minister once that was very plain, and would make himself very agreeable to the common sinner as well as the plated one. Some of the "better than thou" crowd said, "He is los- ing his dignity and we fear impairing his influ- ence by being too sociable with the common crowd." But he did not. Many a man has en- deared himself to the populace by plain ways, and mingling with the ordinary mortals. When Lincoln's monument was dedicated shortly after the close of the war, many Pike county people were in attendance, and were pro- fuse in praise of General Shermar. "Old Tecum- seh" and "Uncle Billy," as he was called because he marched in the procession with the boys from the public square to Oak Ridge. It was noted, and will be forever remembered that Grant, Sher- man, Canby and other noted generals that Pike county boys were with, were loved for their plain and afifable wavs. It pays in all the walks of life to be manlv. kind, afifable and considerate with others, and that is the secret, an open one, why so many Pike county people and people elsewhere are so highly esteemed, past and present. Thev knew others had rights and were willing to so admit. I re- member vividly and gratefullv manv good men and women here and elsewhere who, though plain citizens, have left their impress on the times, and did their duty well. Pike county is now eighty-four years old, and in the years that have flown it has had a good record. Its people have sized up with other counties and it has had its share of joys and sorrows. It has kept up with the march of civili- zation and progress, and in the years to come its people will be found on the right and onward march for all time. In the old wildcat banking days, "befo' the wah, sah," when all the village had banks of issue, on paper onlv but was registered at the state capi- tal, there was a Farmer's Bank of New Canton. About a year after its establishment, on paper onl3^ a man came riding into town with an old- fashioned saddlebag full of the bills, well printed and on fair paper, looking for the bank with its capital of $50,000, to have the bills redeemed in gold or silver But as he had no microscope or search warrant he failed to locate it. It should be' stated in justice to our citizens that no one here knew anything of it, nor had any part in the transaction. But that is the way many of the old-time banks of issue were con- ducted. The sharper that could get a lot of al- leged securities could deposit them in the state auditor's office, and then the bank was a go, and the man who took the bills was a goner. The only paper money of those days that was not at a discount was the State Bank of Missouri at St. Louis. Those were the times when coon skins were taken for taxes. When the first issue of greenbacks or demand notes were in circu- lation they were discounted here five per cent, and soon afterwards were at a fine premium. In the old days every man in business had a bank detector, and would refer to it every time a bill was offered to ascertain its worth, and whether it was genuine or a counterfeit. We had reformers, too, in the past. One man here went into the onlv store in town and bought all the light literature, or "yellow back novels" as they were called, and made light of them by burning to stop the sale and use of them. The whole lot cost him $4.00, but others were printed and sold "allee same." Another man wanted the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 129 apple and peach orchards cut down to stop fruit distilhng. They recall the fable of the ox and the fly. The latter said, "I beg your pardon for light- ing on your horn." "Don't mention it," said the ox. "I did not know you were there." The old style harvest of half a century ago was a curiosity as compared with the present. The wheat fields were small and two or three stout men would start out in the morning with the old-fashioned grapevine cradles. A boy fol- lowed each cradler to straighten out the wheat for the binder, who tied it in bundles for the shocker. The harvest began after an early break- fast. At nine o'clock a lunch was brought to the field, with whiskey for an appetizer and butter- milk, sweet milk, coffee or water, as the taste of the man required. Then at noon a heavy din- ner with another "jigger" of whiskey, at three in the afternoon another lunch and at stnidown a big supper and more whiskey. It was rather re- markable with so much whiskey that there was no drunkenness. After the harvest came the stacking and then the threshing with the flail or tramping out with horses. The harvests were long and tedious, but all went well and the people seemed happy in the primitive ways. That sytle of wheat cutting re- quired over a dozen men and boys. Now the work that then took a whole day can be done by a man and boy in a few hours. The old-time corn crops were slow but sure. The ground was usually plowed by oxen and the old wooden moldboard plows, the seed dropped by hand and covered with a hoe. The weeds were kept down with a hoe and sometimes a small plow. The crops, however, were generally good, and the old-timers were very happy in the pos- session of a small piece of land and an abun- dance of the earth's bounties. In 1825 when Lewis Turner, a resident of New Canton for many years, saw the Marquis de Lafavette at St. Louis, he told how great was the enthusiasm and respect shown the noted Frenchman, and how primitive things were. Mr. Turner often spoke of the changes from 1825 to about 1865, when he passed away. Could he now see the remarkable transformation in the forty years that have come and gone, he would be ask ing, "What next? Can there be anything" else wonderful to iiappcn?'' The onward march has been startling and surprising and to the observer who is of an optimistic turn great changes will yet occur. "'Tis always morning somewhere, and above The awakening continents from shore to shore. Somewhere the birds are singing evermore." And 'tis always morning with progressive people here anil elsewhere. My first trip from Quincy to Chicago wai made in eighteen hours over the old Northern Cross Railroad, now the C. P). & O., and my first trip from New Canton to New York was made in seventy-two hours. Now it can be made in less than thirty hours and the trip to Chicago in about nine hours. When a boy I stemmed tobacco for a German cigarmaker that was ten months in crossing the ocean. Now it is made in a week and often less. In the old times it took part of a day and a night to get to St. Louis, now the trip can be made in four hours. From ocean to ocean is now traveled in as many days as it took months fifty )'ears ago. Up to the year i860 our people kept up with the march of civilization and progress as best thev could, and were apparently contented with old-fashioned ways. But about that time the Hannibal & Naples Railroad was surveyed, and the prospect was fair enough for the iron horse to be soon crossing the country between the Mis- sissippi and Illinois rivers, where for many years the stagecoach had held supreme sway. Then several of the old-time citizens engaged largely in getting out ties. The right of way was piled high with many thousand ties that were never used, as there was a hitch somewhere in the rosv outlook. The ties rotted and caused great loss to many men. Soon after the war a new start was made, and the road now known as the Wabash was built. In 1871 the Quincy, Alton & St. Louis was built I30 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. b}' General Singleton and Mr. Woods, of Phila- delphia. It is known now as the Louisville branch of the C. B. & O. R. B. Lewis was the engineer, and Mr. Lionburger the man who secured the right of wa}' and very generous dona- tions from the citizens and along the route. New Canton people were liberal givers, and for a while it was the connecting link between St. Louis and St. Paul. The Keokuk & Northwestern was built later on the west side of the river, and soon took the through business from this line, but it has been a great convenience to the west side of the county for its mail, passenger and freight service, and we are all glad that we have it. The first general freiglit and passenger agent was N. D. Munson, of Ouincy, who was after- ward secretary of the Illinois railroad and ware- house commission. The following gentlemen were Mr. Munson's successors-: General Dana, Mr. Miles, Mr. Crampton, Col. W. P. Moore, and the present able and courteous agent, E. F. Bradford. In the roseate days of steamboating Cincinnati Landing had a noted character for mischief and goodness. A rare combination, but such was "old" John Blain. He would care for the sick, render an\- favor possible for him, and then lie awake to think up some harmless mischief to play upon someone, friend or stranger. In peach time (and in the old times there were many fine or- chards) a boat crowded with passengers stopped at the landing to take on about 1,500 sacks of wheat. ( )ld jnhn came around eating a peach, with two in his hand. .-\ passenger asked him where he could buy some. The old mischief said, "( )ut h\' the slungh bridge there is a big peach orchard, and the owner will gi\'e \"0U all vou can eat." The ])assenger .said, "Captain, how long will the boat be here!"" "i\bout an hour. I will ring the bell and you will have time enough." .Vt that moment all on board wire suddenly ]jeach- hungry and over a hundred started on the run. Then old John wandered np the river, as his joke had caught with a vengeance. The passengers went to the bridge, and up and down the slough for a quarter of a mile. Presently the bell rang and then there was a free-for-all race back to the boat. There was not a peach orchard within five miles of the Landing. Old John was conveni- ently out of sight, and did not go to the boat land- ing for weeks, as he was afraid someone would catch him. This township had a worthy old citizen, Moses More-w who was present at a meeting of com- missioners in 1828 or 1829, on the bluflfs along the Mississippi river when a county and town were to be named, .\fter considerable deliber- ation one man said : "John Quincy Adams is our President, and I propose that the new county (then a part of old Pike) be named Adams and the town (that was then partly platted) be called Ouincy." It was so ordered and Pike has always been proud of the Gem City and Adams county. Shortly after, it was said by an old citizen. Col. \\'illiam Ross, that Ouincy would not make much of a town as it was too close to Atlas. But, alas, "the plans of mice and men gang aft aglee." Atlas is still here and has about held its own, while Ouincy has got to be "a right peart town," with 40,000 people. In 1865 Amos M<"ire)' and Eli Lyons visited Ouincy to ]5urchase a boiler for the mill then being built here, and they asked the boiler maker to put it on the levee and close up the flues. The man said, "What boat will take it T^" "We will float it down." Nearly all said it would sink and be lost, and the word was passed around that a couple of suckers from Pike countv were going to roll a twenty-loot boiler in the river and float it down to Cincinnati Landing. So a crowd of five or six hundred gathered to see the boiler go to the bottom. It cost $850 and a number were srirr_\" to see the owner lose so much mone_\". lint at the word "Let her go," it was soon in the water and floated like a duck. It was brought into the cut-off and down the .Snw and hauled from (here to the mill, where it did service for o\'er twenty N'ears. ISefeire the Sny levee was built the bottom lands were a free grazing place for great herds of cattle and many acquired riches in that way. The levee project soon had that class up in arras jagainst it, but the onward march of civilization PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 131 and progress soon changed the wild into bounti- ful harvest fields. About that time the vicinity had a number of rich and enterprising men who assisted in nearl_\- all worthy enterprises for the general good, and their impress on the countr}- and the welfare will last through succeeding gen- erations. Forty years ago the federal troops under Gen- eral Canby were investing Spanish Fort and Blakely in Alabama. Mat McKinney, an Iowa boy, who was orderly for the Pike county brigade, told one evening while sitting around the bivouac fire a story that was fully illustrative of the mod- esty of the greatest soldier of modern times. "General Carr gave me an order to take to Gen- eral Grant's headquarters near Vicksburg. When I was about half way there I saw a man sitting on his horse and I knew from his clothes he was one of our boys. So I saluted and said, 'Can you tell me the way to General Grant's camp?' T am going there, you can ride with me.' He was going on a quick-stepping horse and I had to thump my old plug to keep up. But I kept alongside of him and presently he asked, 'Do you want to see Grant or his adjutant?' I said, 'I have papers for Gen- eral Rawlins.' 'That is his tent,' and just then a darky took the man's horse and I found I had been riding with General Grant. I almost fell off my horse in surprise, as he was the first gen- eral I ever rode beside. With all the others I had to keep in the rear." Following the list of steamboats and their captains, the names of a few of their patrons of "aid lang syne" may be interesting. At Barry was Shields & Lillis, Angle, Brown & Crandall, Montgomery Blair, Hammond & Green, Thomas Gray, Gorton & Dutton, White Brothers, C. & S. Davis, Elisha Hurt, Sweet & Mallory and E. W. Blades. Kinderhook: Hull & Orr, Alex. Anderson, J. W. Mellon, David Devoe, S. B. Gaines and Hull & Colvin. Eldara: x\lex. Dubois, Smith & Had- sell, Dr. Landrum, Burke & Davis, Freeman & Lippincott and Jones & Easley. New Canton : John Webb, S. Gay, Shipman & Freeman, William P. Freeman, P. H. Davis, Amos Moray, Warriner & Blain, Dobbins & Min- ton and Massie & Gray. In those times all named were large shippers of produce and re- ceivers of goods. The pork packing industry was well repre- sented in the three towns, and in 1865 when Amos ^lorey and Bradford Uppinghouse started the flour mill here they often had orders for flour to go west, as at that time there were no flour mills in what is now the Central West. At a time when wheat was scarce they had orders for flour at $20 a barrel at the mill. Frequently corn was shippped from here at seventy-five cents to a dol- lar a bushel. That was usually in the spring, when the southern planters most needed corn, and also before they knew that corn could be raised in the South. The highest price for corn ever known here was $1.29 per bushel. Wheat was $2.50 to $3.00 per bushel, pork $25 per bar- rel, lard $50 per tierce, hogs 12 1-2 cents per pound net. A recent number of Everybody's Magazine has an article in which the wrecking by cannon and musket balls of the steamer Empress on the lower river in war time recalls the trip before that of the Empress. Col. Dan Bush of the Sec- ond Illinois Cavalry, and now of Portland, Ore- gon, and the writer, made a trip from St. Louis to New Orleans when Capt. Sam Rider, of Pike county, and his brother Jason, who was afterward circuit clerk of Pike county, were in command of the Empress, and we with the other passengers enjoyed the trip, and felt gratified that we es- caped the bushwhackers. On her next trip she was shot nearly to pieces and partially wrecked. Capt. Sam Rider and Captain Abrams were Illi- nois river captains, and were highlv esteemed by all who knew them. Near New Canton is a wonderful spring that is known as Salt Spring, and its healing bene- ficial waters will rank with any others in curing many of the ills mankind is afflicted with. An analysis of the water made several years ago showed salt, sulphur, magnesia and carbonate of iron. The water never freezes, and when a heavy snow is on the ground there is an open space of 132 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. fifty feet in diameter that the snow stands as though an artist had smoothed its walls. It is a great laxative, and a most excellent anti-scorbutic. Some day it will be better known and its healing qualities sought. About twenty years ago the owner, the late James D. Rupert, put some pipes in the spring and had a tin cir- cus put on top, and the heavy flow of the water tipward kept the objects constantly in motion, greatly to the delight of old and young. One beautiful balmy day in October, the sunny golden month of the year, there was said by care- ful estimate to have been fully 2,000 visitors, coming from Pittsfield and many of the nearby towns. A man once ran a fifteen-foot pole down in the center of the spring, and as soon as he let go of it it was shot out in the air its full length. It may be given as a reason for its not being fitted up and utilized as a health resort, that it is on very low land, and as the bottom is slowly fill- ing up from the floods of Kizer creek it may in the near future come into greater prominence. It is known to be a sure cure for eczema and el- cosis. Louisiana's spring is of the same charac- ter. Ralls county, Mo., also has a like one. In the old whig days of 1840, Harrison and Tyler were the candidates, and the cry was, "Tip- pecanoe and Tyler, too," log cabins and hard cider. Charles T. Brewster, Hiram Smith and others went from here to Springfield with ox teams, a miniature log cabin and several barrels of hard cider to attend a great whig gathering of that time. The trip took about two weeks. Now it could be made by rail in a few hours. C. T. Brewster, Hiram Smith and Jesse Titts- worth were the men who laid out New Canton in 1835 and at the sale af town lots the prices were from $7 to $75. David Dutton, who died in 1854, had the first apple orchard in this town- ship about 1825, and the fruit was very good, people came long distances to buy. Old-time citizens, like Hazen Pressy, Mr. Nesmith and D. A. Shaw, who resided on the old mail route from Quincy to Pittsfield, came every season to buy, till they raised orchards of their own. When John Wood, afterward Governor of Il- linois, and Mr. Keyes were on their way to what is now Quincy, they camped here on the creek, which was afterward named Keyes creek, now called Kizer. Answering the query, "Did slavery ever exist in Pike county or Illinois ?" No, but there was a mighty efi^ort to make the state slave territory. At an election in 1822, when Edward Coles was elected governor, there then was an incidental test vote that showed about 2,000 in favor of mak- ing Illinois a slave state, but as the new governor was a strong opponent of the traffic in human chattels the great curse for Illinois was averted. At an old-time public dinner were given the following toast's : "The means of introducing and spreading the African family." (Three cheers.) "The enemies of the convention; may thev ride a porcupine saddle on a hard trotting horse a long journey, without money or friends." "The state of Illinois. The ground is good, prai- ries in abundance; give us plent)' of negroes, a little industry and she will distribute her treasure." Thus many of the old-timers felt, and it lasted for nearly forty years. It received its first quietus, however, during the great debate of Lincoln and Douglas in 1858, when Douglas said, "It matters not to me whether slaver}^ is voted up or down," and the great Lincoln answered, "It does matter to me. I hope to live so long that under God I may see every man a freeman." And by the bless- ing of the great Father and the Union army his hope was realized. The writer has seen the auction block in the old slave states, and witnessed a few sales of mothers from their children. Pleasant Vale has to-day a worthy colored citizen whose mother was sold away from him when he was about six months old. Pike county had a few stations on what was known as the underground railroad in slavery times. Many honored old citizens were often very severely censured because they sheltered and fed the runaway negroes. Oftentimes a negro would be captured and returned and the captor receive $50 or $100, and be looked upon as a great hero by many for his bravery in capturing a poor fugitive from slavery. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 133 Old Pike is perhaps as well known as any county in any of the states. About thirty-five years ago I was in a city in Indiana and was pre- sented to an old gentleman as from Illinois. "What part?" "Pike county." 'Well, that's my old home. I resided there thirty-five years ago, and knew Ross, Scott, Barney, Grimshaw, Blair, Plorton and the Burnetts. I never shall forget that good old county. It was a veritable garden spot then, and I presume it has made great strides forward since I was there." Well, if he could come from the echoless shore he would see the best county in the state, where all are happy and contented, if they so will it, and where we have no famines, but an abundance and to spare. Some one, unidentified, at a gathering where they had a feast, when the toasts were on tap, re- sponded to the sentiment, "Man :" "Here's to the man that has nothing to wear ; Nothing to live for but trouble and care. He dies ; he goes — we know not where. If he's all right here, boys, he's all right there." That expresses a very broad kind of Pike county religion and will fit many other counties and states. The old county has its share ; good, bad and indifferent, but the good predominates. In the past titles were few. It was plain Mr., or Uncle Dick, Uncle Jack or Grandpa Smith. Now all are judges, colonels or generals. This recalls the remark of a new arrival in this country who said, "Phat a great war they had; all the privates killed entirely, only colonels and gen- erals left." At the meeting of the army of the Tennessee in Chicago, when General Grant returned from his tour around the world, a lot of big guns were at the Palmer House. There was a sort of love feast there and all the old boys were taken in and introduced to the notables. An old doctor from Indianapolis was among them, and when the Pike county boy was introduced as captain the old doctor said, "Why, bless you. Captain, shake again. I am glad to see you. I have been here three days and you are the only ordinary mortal I have met. I feel at home now. Shake." Recently an incident at Jackson, Miss., in 1863, was recalled. During the afternoon, when the sharpshooters of both armies were lying in wait for a shot at each other, the Johnnies were making it hot for our boys. In one squad was a very talkative soldier that annoyed his captain with many useless questions. At last the officer said to him, "Keep still, you will draw the Yanks' fire." After a short silence he said, "Say, Cap, don't you think South Carolina was jist a ketle bit hasty in fetching on this yer wah ?" One night at Vicksburg a few 99th boys were on guard near the chevau de frieze, or sharpened sticks as the boys called them. While the lonely hours wore away, and both sides were watching for the gray dawn, one of the 99th said, "Say, Johnnie, don't you want some paper for some flat tobacco?" The exchange was made and our boy inquired, "What regiment is yours?'* "The 14th Georgia, sah, what regiment is you all's?" "The 99th Illinois." "Gee whiz ! How many regiments has that state got?" England remembers York- town, the world remembers Appomattox and Pike county will never forget Vicksburg. There in the national cemetery of 16,000 federals old Pike has many a gallant boy. Rev. Father Newman, the good old-time Meth- odist who said to a fashionable and as he intimated a rather cold congregation, "If you hear that Mr. A, the rich man, is sick, )'0U need not go to see him as he has all the attention needed. But if you hear that Mr. B, the poor man, is sick, go. He will need you. Take supplies and minister unto him, for as you do unto him you do unto me." The blunt old brother knew the weakness of the human family, and how much they were blinded by gold and position. In 1822, when Rock Island was in Pike county, an election for county commissioners was held. The county was divided into three precincts, and as this section or precinct was the largest, David Dutton, of this town, J. M. Seeley and O. M. Ross of Atlas were elected. Their election was con- tested, and it took Judge Reynolds some time after dispossessing them to reinstate them, which was done in September, 1822. Dutton and See- ley I knew personally, and in a social and busi- ness way have known many of their descendants in the past sixty years. '■34 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. The first courthouse at Pittsfield cost about $1,100. The second, which was completed in 1839, cost about $15,000. In 1843 I was with mv mother in Plodgen's store which stood about where Clayton's hardware store is now, and some tinners were repairing the cupola. Seeing a fire break out on the roof I called mother's attention to it, and in a few minutes the men about the square extinguished it. The new courthouse stood until 1895, when the present large and beautiful one was erected to taKe the place of the old Pike county tem- ple of justice. A very appropriate and fitting se- lection was made at the dedication of the new courthouse in November, 1895, when Hon. J. M. Bush, who was at the first term of court in the old house in 1839, was made chairman. The exercises were ver)- impressive and interesting. It is sad to think of how many who participated in the dedication of Pike's new court temple only a decade ago have ended life's journey. But so it is. Time and tide wait for none, and the great reaper is constantly at work. The old courthouse had as attorneys within its walls many men that were noted among the great and able men of America. Abraham Lin- coln, "the greatest man that ever came in the tide of time ;" Gens. E. D. Baker and John J. Hardin ; Senators Douglas, McDougal, Richardson and Browning; and eminent lawyers like Bushnell, Blackwell, Play, ITigbee, Skinner and Wikc. In 1848, when Cincinnati Landing was the big town of the county, there was an old pioneer named Mitchell, of great physical powers but quiet and unobtrusive, who was a resident there. Near Barry was a good old citizen, P. ^IcDaniel, who was of a fiery temper, and he concluded that Mitchell should be given a "licking" for some alleged affront. So he went to Cincinnati and told the men he came to give Mitchell a thrashing, and asked where to find him. The by- standers told him he would find ^[itchell in his field near town. McDaniel started up to meet ^ilitchell, but when he came in sight of him he found him grubbing and pulling up by hand the small saplings and doing it with such ease he did not let liis mission be known, but came back and told the boys that Mitchell was a steam stump puller, and that the fight was postponed without date. It was quite lucky those times that the Samsons were quiet and harmless unless aroused, and then they were a terror to the intruders. In 1853 ^ boat was loading flour made at the Israel mill near Barry and the captain asked for idle men to as- sist in loading the boat. Two Pike county giants engaged with him. They would take a barrel of flour under each arm and carry them on board as easily as an ordinary man could carry a sack of wheat. The boat was soon loaded and the extra help paid ofif. The captain said he would not dare to carry such men as, if they should become an- gered, they would take the boat. At another time a powerful colored man was freight handler on one of the Keokuk packets and the mate abused him and ended by striking him with a light barrel stave. The darkey said, "Look out, boss, don't do dat any more." The mate attempted to strike again, and was caught and held so tightly that he could not move. Then quiet and cool the darkey said, "Boss, I don't want to hurt you, but if you do dat again I will crunch de life out of you." The mate desisted, and said he was the best man in strength and temper ever on the boat. The county has had a few cyclones, the first nearh' sixt\' years ago, that destroyed the brick dwelling of Alfred Grubb, the "Little bay horse of Pike," as he was best known. It was equidis- • tant between New Canton and Kinderhook. In 1855 a disastrous and perhaps the heaviest ever in the county, passed over this town and struck on the hills between sections 13 and 14, and 23 and 24. At the time the lands were covered with great oak, hickory, ash and hackberry trees, and were monarchs of the forest ; some two or three feet in diameter. The cyclone mowed them down on the east of the hill for nearly a mile, and per- haps two hundred feet in width. The fine timber then destro^'ed would make a comfortable fortune now. Lighter storms have done considerable damage in Pittsfield, Derry and a few other town- ships, flappily no loss of life occurred in any of them. The following towns have had disastrous fires, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 135 entailing great loss to the property owners and in cases- of insurance there was some remuneration. Pittsfield, Griggsville, Barry, Rockport, New Canton, Eldara, Kinderhook, Milton and Baylis. Perhaps the greatest fire was when Barry was nearly wiped out of existence in its business por- tion. The others were great sufferers also, but with a spirit of pluck and enterprise they were all rebuilt and better than before. From 1876 to 1889, when the Sny levee broke, the owners and tenants had trying times and great losses. A careful estimate of the losses in the district for the years 1876, 80, 81 and 88 was nearly one and a half million dollars. Our citi- zens were not dismayed, but made necessary re- pairs and soon had the lands teeming with good crops, and our people with their adversity were soon putting it away and striving for better things. " 'Tis easy enough to be' pleasant When life flows by, like a song, But the man worth while, is the man with a smile When everything goes dead wrong." This captured verse is a fair index to many of our Pike county people, and may they ever con- tinue to laugh at adversity. Pike county was laid out January 31, 182 1, was named and its boundaries defined. It then contained all the territory between the Missis- sippi and Illinois rivers, extending east in one portion of the line of what is now Indiana, and north to Wisconsin. The large and populous counties of Cook, Peoria, Adams, La Salle, with about fifty other counties, were once in old Pike. Now the original Pike county has a population of nearly 3,000,000 people. Coles Grove was its first capital, and at the first election only thirty-five votes were cast. The great county then had but about 750 people. Now in the original old Pike Illinois is proud of one city that is second in the nation, and has nearly 2,000,000 inhabitants. John Kinzer was Pike county's first justice of the peace and resided near where Chicago now is. Belus Jones was the first constable, and Na- thaniel Shaw, a great uncle of the writer, was Pike's first treasurer. "My Lord Coke," James W. Whitney, was its first clerk. All these in 1821. In that year the county commissioners issued a tavern license to a Mr. Hinksley, and here are the prices he was permitted to charge : Victuals, for meal 25c Horsekeeping, night 37/^^^ Lodging 123/2C Whiskey, per half pint I2j^c Rum and gin 25c French brandy 50c Wine 37/^c The county seat was moved from Coles Grove to Atlas in 1823, and from Atlas to Pittsfield in 1833. Of the pioneers of the grand old county the writer in his boyhood knew Cols. Ross and Barnev, Nathaniel Shaw and "My Lord Coke," and later Col. Seeley, David Dutton and James Gay. The latter is now living at the age of ninety-one in Atlas township. James W. Whitney, "My Lord Coke," was an eccentric character and dressed oddly and rather carelessly. He always had his hair tied itp with a shoestring, or something else that came handy, in the st\-le of the old-fashioned cue of colonial times. He was a great show for our folks the time he was in New Canton half a century ago. He often visited the state capital, and would or- ganize the lobbyists and call it the third house. He was always a speaker, self-elected, and mon- arch of all he surveyed. He died in i860, over eighty. His last session of the "third house" was in 1857, when Bissell was governor. The writer saw him there in his cue and quaint dress, the observed of all. He was quite a scholar, but lacked a balance wheel to apply his knowledge in a practical way. Marcellus Ross, now of California, was said to be the first white child born in the county. He was the first adjutant of the Ninety-ninth Illinois regiment in 1862. In 1 82 1 Pike county organized the Regiment of Pike. It was formed in two battalions and 136 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was to be in readiness for Indian attacks, which were common and much feared. From that came the old-fashioned training or muster days. The custom passed out of observance in my boyhood days, but the musters are remembered, and now come up in a panoramic way, showing the motley crowd that participated therein, with their march- ing and counter-marching, their sweating, swear- ing and awkwardness, as they only met once or twice a year. Then the hucksters with their slabs of gingerbread, cider and whiskey. Occasionally there was considerable drunken- ness, but there was one good feature observed. It was an unwritten law that no boys should be al- lowed to have whiskey or hard cider, but ginger- bread and apples galore for the boys. When the muster was over it was a nine days' wonder, and then apparently forgotten till the next meeting. The officers with their swords, uniforms and prancing horses, the fife and drum, recall the old verse : "Oh, were you never a soldier. And did you never train And feel that swelling of the heart You never can feel again ?" I remember about a dozen lads at school in the old days that had their regular floggings for failing to memorize that and other verses. Here is Pike county treasurer's first report, March 5, 1822 : Amount of money received during the current year $765.00 Paid out 703.13 Treasurer's salary 38.25 Balance on hand 23.62 Was everybody happy those days and were there any resentments? Perhaps the majority were happy and there were but few resentments. An incident in the life of "old Bullion" Thomas H. Benton, the great Missouri senator, mav fit in here, and also apply to the present generation. Senator Foote, of Mississippi, said to Benton one day: "Senator Benton, I shall write a book some day, in which )-ou will figure verv small." Ben- ton replied quickly ; "I shall write a book some day in which you shall not figure at all." Senator Benton was near here not many years ago, and was to make a speech in an adjoining town, across the river. There were people from the two Pikes there, as well as nearly all of Marion county. Mo. The ordinary mortals were following everywhere he went, till he became dis- gusted and turning to them said : "Keep away from 'me. I am only a common man." Our old Pike, in its eighty-four years of his- tory making, has had a great host of useful and noted men, pioneers and others that in their mod- esty felt that they were only "common men," but as nearly all have answered the dread summons, those who are left hold them in veneration for what they did for God, for home and country. May coming generations learn the story and keep their memories green for what they did for the development of old Pike, and the part they played in the march of civilization. The early pioneers were not idle. Gradually they subdued nature. Cabins were erected, land cleared and the virgin soil broken. The new set- tlement was a happy one. All were on an equality, and sociabilitv. generosity and neighborly kind- ness reigned supreme. The first settlements were invariably made near the edge of a piece of timber and within easy reach of a spring, many of which were found in the townships. Some fields were cleared and plowed, generally with yoke of oxen, and occa- sionally with teams of horses. This work was hard as the soil was tough or the ground stumpy. No extensive farming was attempted. Corn and wheat in small quantities were raised, some flax, oats, etc., and occasionally some settler who had come from a southern state, would undertake to raise cotton, but it was not considered a success and was soon abandoned. Sheep were raised for the wool, which was found a necessary article. Farming was not as easily done in those days as now. Instead of the riding plow of to-day, the early settler was content to use the old "bar- share" plow of rude structure and deficient mechanism, with its wooden mold-board as nature had fashioned it. Seed was sown or rather bru.shed in by dragging a sapling with a bushy top over the ground. Grain was harvested with the sickle or cradle, and threshing was done with PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 137 a flail, or the grain was trodden out by horses or oxen instead of with the modern appliances. The resources of the early settler were very limited. They were all poor and in debt and everything was bought on credit. When money was borrowed it was at an exorbitant rate of in- terest. Corn sold at 10 cents a bushel and wheat at 373^ to 40 cents for the best grade, and it was sold on credit. All kinds of merchandise was high, calico selling at 50 cents a yard and com- mon domestics at 25 cents. Parched corn, ground hickory nuts and wal- nuts were used in place of coffee. Taxes were paid in coon skins, or anything the farmer or trapper could spare. The mode of travel in those days was principally on horseback, except short distances of a few miles, which were made on foot. Teaming w.ts done with oxen and wooden wagons. Horse wagons and buggies were few. Wearing apparel was of home manufacture. Men wore buckskin pantaloons and coats, coonskin caps and moccasins or rudely made shoes for the feet, itinerant shoemakers visiting the homes of the settlers to supply the footwear. The women wove and made up the material for their wear. The living consisted principally of wild game, pork meat and corn dodgers. Wild honey was plentiful, also wild fruits, but vegetables were a rarity. The habitations were log cabins. They were built of rough logs, with mud plastered be- tween the cracks to keep out the winter's cold. The cabin consisted of one room, in which was combined the sitting-room, parlor, bed-room and kitchen. There was one door, but no windows. The floor was of puncheon and on one side was a large fire-place with a blackened crane for cook- ing purposes. Overhead from the rude rafters hung rows of well cured hams and around the chimney were long strings of red pepper pods and dried pumpkins. The furniture consisted of a puncheon table, a clumsy cupboard, a couple of bedsteads made by driving stakes in the floor, in which were placed the uprights to support clapboards on which the beds rested, the wall furnishing the other support ; some blocks for seats, a spinning wheel, a well-kept gun and the family dog. The cooking was done in iron ves- sels on and around the log fire. If the weather was cold, the family large or company present, which frequently happened, the wood was piled on so as to raise the heat and cause "all hands to set back and give the cooks a chance." The earliest settlers, those who came prior to 1830, were subjected to considerable trouble in obtaining legal title to their farms. Before that year the general government did not offer the land for sale, and all the titles they held were "claims." By agreement among themselves each man was permitted to "claim" as much timber land as he might need, generally not over a quar- ter section, upon which he might build his cabin and make other improvements, and woe unto the speculator or new comer who attempted to jump a "claim" occupied by a bonafide settler. Pike county had a regiment of volunteers in August, 1861, formed in one day and night, and it was in service only about two weeks. Its brief but useful existence will be a bit of news to our citizens, but more especially will it be historical reminiscence to those that were members of the regiment that never was numbered or mustered in. In the latter part of August, 1861, word came to Pittsfield, Barry, Rockport and New Canton that a body of "secesh" as they were called were marching upon Louisiana, Mo., and as their Pike was the other Pike that made the kingdom of Pike, and was also known as the state of Pike and the home of Joe Bowers, what could they do but call on their other Pike for assistance, as thev all knew their call would be answered. So in a day and a night about enough of our Pikers from the towns named and other parts of the county to make a good regiment were on the east bank of the river. The next morning they were in camp out at the old Fritz house, armed and equipped. Their arms were rifles, shotguns and revolvers, all very old style. Soon they were divided up into com- panies. Pittsfield had Captain Rockwell's, Barry Capt. Richards', New Canton Capt. Jackson's, and the other commanders I do not recall. Louisiana did the best she could to feed them, but about the time the boys first felt hungry there was some scolding done. Their wrath, however, was soon turned to joy, for the noble women of our old Pike sent the next day several 138 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. wagonloads of good eatables. The first load was from Pittsfield, and the next from Barry and New Canton, and soon all had a plenty and to spare. We all felt that if avc were to be so well fed that war was not such a terrible thing. We remained two weeks and if the "secesh" had started they must have changed their minds and counter- marched, so the Loviisiana war was over. There were ten companies with Dr. A. E. Mc- Neal in command. George W. K. Bailey, A. C. ^Matthews and two companies of scouts made a tour of the country west of Louisiana, and found all quiet and peaceable. Nearly all who were in the "Louisiana war" went out to the real thing a year later in the Ninety-ninth and other regi- ments, and soon we wished for the good things our mothers, wives and sweethearts sent us at Louisiana. But we fell into line and became ac- quainted with the poor fare Uncle Sam's big boarding house put up. Nearly forty-four years have flown since that time, and but few of Pike county's un-named and un-numbered regiment of two weeks' service are left. The Ninety-ninth Illinois was organized at Pittsfield by volume from all the townships in Pike county. August 21, 1862, they left the county seat and were mustered into the L^nited States ser- vice August 23, at Florence, on the Illinois river, by Major J. P. Rathbone. They embarked that night on the steamer Post Boy, arrived in St. Louis the 24th, and went to Benton barracks, where the regiment was armed and equipped. It left St. Louis September 8 and went to Rolla, in Phelps county, :\lo. Left Rolla September 1; dnd went into camp at Salem, Dent county. Mo., left Salem November 20, and remained at Hous- ton, Texas county. Mo., till January 27, 1863. Moved to West Plains, Mo., and Pilot Knob March 3. Thence to St. Genevieve, Mo., and on the 15th embarked for Milliken's Bend, La. Stopped for a short time at Cairo, Memphis and Helena, Ark. Left Milliken's Bend April 11, 1863, New Car- thage the I2th, was a short time at Perkins' plan- tation, at Grand Gulf, Miss., .\pril 29, at Bruins- burg, Miss,, April 30, and at IMagnoHa Hills :\lay I. At Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Mis- sissippi Springs and Black River Bridge; May 19 at the defense of Vicksburg and left Vicks- burg July 5 for Jackson, Miss. Left Jackson, July 20 and \icksburg, August 21. Went to New Orleans and Brashear City, and October 3 left Berwick for a scouting tour up the Teshe country. Was at New Iberia, Franklin, Opelousas and Grand Coteau, La. Left New Or- leans and crossed the Gulf of Mexico. Was at Point Isabel and Aranzos Pass in November, and at Fort Esperanza, Texas, at Indianola and La- vacca, Texas, and on Matagorda Island. Left Texas June 15, 1864. Returned to New Orleans. Was at Greenville, Kennerville, Don- aldsonville and Algiers. Left New Orleans July 29, was at the mouth of the White river, St. Charles and Dnvall's Bluff, Ark., Memphis, Mos- cow and Wolf River, Tenn. Left Memphis January i, 1865. Went to New Orleans and thence out the mouth of the Missis- sippi river to Dauphin Island, Ala. Was at Span- ish Fort, Blakely, Mobile and Spring Hill, Ala,, till June 2. 1865. At Shreveport, La., till about Jul}- 17, sent to Baton Rouge, Ala., and mustered out Jul\' 21, 1865, sent to Springfield, 111., August, 1865. for pay and final discharge. The Ninety-ninth was in battle at Beaver Creek and Hartsville, Mo., Grand Gulf, Miss., Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Black River Bridge, Vicksburg, and under fire daily from May 19 to July 3. Was at Spanish Fort and Blakely, Ala. A detachment of the regiment was in a battle at Grand Coteau, La. The losses of the Ninety-ninth in the various battles during its three years of active service were nearlv 300 killed, wounded and missing. In November, 1864, the regiment was so re- duced in numbers that by order of General Reyn- olds it was consolidated into a battalion of five companies. During its service the old Pike coun- ty regiment had all told nearly 1,100 men. Now, after the war has closed nearlv forty years, there are only about 225 left. Of the officers who took the regiment to the field there are left only Col. Bailey, Capt., now Col, Matthews, Capt. Tray Edwards, Capt. J. G. Johnson and Adjutant Mar- cellus Ross. Old Pike, the infant of 1 82 1, in its history making of three-fourths of a centurv has been a PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 139 . strong factor in the march of progress and de- velopment, and has buds from the old vine in all the coast states west, and scattered over what was once the great American desert. Go where you may the Piker is to be found. In quasi prohibition times, thirty-five years ago. a Pike count}' town was known as a good one to "keep the lid on." An old-timer from St. Louis came and his friends knew that he needed a "drop," so one called to him and said, "Joe, I have a little for sickness. Try it. It is all there is in town." Joe tried it, and the next place he called the same story was told and another drink taken. The third call was a repetition, his friend saying with a wink, "What a good one I am !" The St. Louis man called about ten places, meet- ing the same reception at each. Joe told it on the prohib. boys and had a dozen drinks out of the "only bottle in town." The entire crowd has passed away, and the story is all that is left. A candidate for a county office was once intro- duced to a blunt old German voter. The old man heard his tale of woe, how the other fellow was not so well fitted to hold the office, how much he had done for the party, etc. The old voter said, "Veil, if you bin on my dicket I vote for you. if you don't, I vont. Goot py." So it has been since the first election and will still continue, but there is a fine change now. the old-time scurrility and abuse is eliminated and the old cr\" is not so savage. Pike count3''s first probate court was at Coles Grove, May 23, 1821, the judge being -\. Beck. The first circuit court was held at the same place October i, 1821, Judge John Reynolds presiding. Among the first grand jurors were David Dutton, who died in New Canton in 1854, Comfort .Shaw, of Hadley. who died near Barry about 1864, Natlianiel Shaw, John Shaw and J. M. Secley. These I knew in my boyhood days. Atlas was laid out in 1823. Chambcr.sburg and Pittsfield 1833, Griggsville 1834. Milton, New Canton, Florence, 1835; Perry, Eldara, Kinder- hook, Rockport, Barry, New Hartford, Martins- burg, Pleasant Hill 1836 ; Detroit, 1837, Summer Hill 1845, New Salem 1847, Pearl 1855, Time 1857, Baylis 1869, Nebo 1870, Hull 1871. In the olden times the stage coach was the means of transportation. After the close of the civil war the county was fortunate in getting the present system of railroads, and now it is con- servative to say no county has any better or cheaper means of transporting freight and pas- sengers. The county has telegraph and telephone connection with all the civilized world. What would the old pioneers say could they return for a brief visit! They would be lost in wonder- ment to see the strides the good old county has made. Forty-three years ago Pike countv had in the trenches at Vicksburg what was left of the Nine- t_\--ninth Illijois regiment, and it will not be un- interesting in another forty-three years for those who will be here to read of and know how the Pike county soldiers reached there and what they did. In August, 1862, nearly 1,000 men were mus- tered into the LTnited States service at Florence and were called the Ninety-ninth Illinois Volun- teers. After service in Missouri thev had gone down the Mississippi river to Milliken's Bend in Louisiana, and thence Ijegan the movement on Mcksburg, the ( iibraltar of the great river, that was strong!)- fortified and in possession of the confederates. It was freely asserted, and too often in our own homes, that they could never be dislodged or driven out. The federals under (Genera! Grant were certain, however, that the ob- struction could and would be removed, and the river flow "unvexed to the sea." Our march began from Milliken's Bend, April IT, 1863. After marching down Roundawav bayou in the state of Louisiana we reached New Carthage. La., on .\pril 22, 1863. There we re- mained a brief period till the gunboats and trans- ports of our own nav\" ran the batteries at A^icks- luirg and brought supplies and medical stores to the army, then below A^'cksburg. One of our transports, the Henry Clay, was dis- abled and burned. On board were fames Worth- in.gton and Capt. L. Hull, of the Ninetv-ninth. The former was nur hospital steward and had charge of the medical stores. They quickly re- moved the most valuable drugs and anesthetics 140 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. to a barge and got away from the burning steamer, and the next morning they were safely delivered to our medical directors. The ninetv-ninth left Perkins' plantation, April 27, and embarked on steamers and flats for Grand Gulf, a strongly fortified place, which was soon evacuated. April 30 we crossed the river at Bruinsburg, Miss., and after marching all night met General Bowen's army near Port Gibson on Magnolia Hills, at midnight. The Ninety-ninth unslung their knapsacks and started into the fight, and from that day to this they have never seen their knapsacks or the few valuables therein. The battle lasted all day. At night the boys slept on their arms, and when morning came not a "Johnnie" was seen, except their dead and wounded left on the field. James Allen Lee, of Company F, was the first one of our boys that fell. He was shot through the head and killed instantly. Our loss in killed and wounded was thirt)'-seven of the Ninety-ninth bovs. Our brigade at that time was composed of the Eighth and Eighteenth Indiana, Thirty-third and Ninet^r-ninth Illinois, with General Benton in command, Carr's division and McClernand's Thirteenth army corps. We -were short of rations, but General Grant said, "I will have supplies," and sent men to carry hard tack, coflee and meat up to the regiment. We had no baggage or for- age wagons across the river at that time. While the pioneer corps were building a bridge over the bayou near Port Gibson my company was sent to guard and run a steam corn mill. We kept it running night and day while the corn held out, and General Sherman's corps and our own had corn bread for a luxury. If not a luxury it was a change from very old and poor hard tack. When the call was made on the boys for a miller and engineers, there were three or four who were experts. Not only millers and engineers, but the Ninety-ninth had all vocations and professions, preachers, lawyers, doctors and farmers. In fact, the federal army was not small in useful men of all kinds. May 14, 1863, the army was near the capital of Mississippi, and on the i6th was held in reserve till nearly night at the battle of Champion Hill, one of the most desperate one-day battles fought in the west. The Ninety-ninth was marched in line of battle till late in the night, when we bivouacked at Edwards Station, where we cap- tured a train load of meat, meal, sugar and mo- lasses, and had a midnight supper. We went into the fight at Black river at 7 a. m. After four hours' fighting and a charge led by the Twenty-third Iowa on our right, the confed- erates were driven out of their works and the battle was over. Capt. Cooper, of Company K, lost an arm, and two New Canton boys were slightly wounded. An occurrence just as we started on the charge fully illustrates how little some ofiicials at a dis- tance knew about an army in the field. While the fight was at its height. General Grant was given an order from the secretarj' of war to fall back to Grand Bluff and make that his head- rjuarters and base of supplies. Just then the colonel of the Twenty-third Iowa led his regiment into the charge, losing his own life. The charge was general all along the line and victory was nurs. General Grant didn't disobey orders, but the staff officer got lost in the excitement, or as the boys said, "in the shuffle," and that was the last ever heard of Grand Gulf headquarters. On the 18th day of Mav we crossed Black river on specially constructed pontoon bridges. The 19th we started at 4:15 a. m., and were in the fight at 10 a. m., also the 20th and 21st, gaining position with light losses. Mav 22d the troops were ordered to charge the works at 10 a. m. While the boys were waiting for the hour many were reading their testaments, given them by the United States Christian Commission, and all that had playing cards threw them awav. Many generals and colonels were making short ad- dresses to the boys, as all realized the frightful and dangerous move. The Ninety-ninth led the charge for our brigade, and in a few minutes the old regiment had lost in killed, wounded and missing over 200 men. Col. Bailey and Maj. Crandall were wounded, and Capt. A. C. Matthews rallied the men and held the confederates in check. Colonel Boomer, of a Missouri regiment, was killed about the same time the Ninetv-ninth drove the John- nies back. The writer was stunned bv the explosion of a shell, and lav for about four hours in the hot sun, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 141 with Joseph James and two other Ninety-ninth boys lying dead near him. When night fell the weary sank down to rest and the wounded to die. Morning found the survivors in line, set- tling down to the siege that lasted till the 4th of July, when 30,000 hungry and wear)' confederates marched out, stacked their arms, ate hard tack and fat meat and drank black coffee with our boys. Quite a change for them from mule meat and Mississippi river water. One tall Georgian said to the boys of our mess, "Yes, sah, I am gwine home, and thar's three things I never want to hear again. That word 'at- tention,' 'fall in,' and that old kettle drum I never want to hear any more." Vicksburg and Gettys- burg, both on Old Glory's day, did more to inspire the north and hasten the close of the war than any other two events. After the fall of Vicksburg the Ninety-ninth went to Jackson, Miss., and was under fire there for a day or so, with small losses. Then went to Bryan Station and was engaged in tearing up the Jackson & New Orleans Railroad. A lot of Pikers went to Pearl river near by for a bath. There they saw a soft place in the bank, and as our boys had curiosity in common with all other mortals, they investigated the river bank and found about thirty barrels of Louisiana rum. Of course they sampled it, and appearing satisfactory they took the whole lot. The Ninety-ninth boys as well as the boys of other regiments were very rummy and rich for the balance of the day. The regiment returned to Vicksburg July 24, and August 21 went to New Orleans. In October went into the Tesche country, the Italy of America. November 16 embarked and crossed the Gulf of Mexico. Remained in Texas till June, 1864, when it reported to, General Reynolds at Algiers, La., and was brigaded with Twenty- first Iowa, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin and Forty- seventh Indiana. At Memphis, Tenn., in November, 1864, the regiment was made a battalion of five companies under command of Lieut. Col. Matthews. Feb- ruary I, 1865, moved to Dauphin Island, Ala- bama. Was in the last battles of the war at Spanish Fort and Blakely, entered Mobile April r2th, in June went up the Red river, thence to Baton Rouge, La., where it was mustered out, and reached home in August, 1865, after three years' absence. In the more prosperous days of old Pike the fol- lowing towns had tobacco factories : Pittsfield, Eldara, Rockport and Pleasant Hill, and first- class woolen mills were at Pittsfield, Barry and Perry; a plow factory at Stebbinsville, pork and beef packing plants at Cincinnati, Barry, New Canton, Pittsfield, Florence, Kinderhook, Rock- port, Griggsville, Perry and Milton. Flour mills : Two at Pittsfield, three at Barry, two at Griggs- ville, and one each at Rockport, New Canton, Time, Summer Hill, Pleasant Hill, Milton, Perry, New Salem, Eldara and Kinderhook. With about three exceptions the mills are abandoned, "and a quiet that crawls round the walls as you gaze has followed the olden din." The tobacco made in Pike was prepared by skilled workmen and had good sales. The woolens, blankets, yarns, cassimeres and satinettes were all wool and gave excellent satisfaction. The mills had to close up because the public pre- ferred shoddy and cheap stuff, and with the clos- ing of the tobacco factories and woolen mills all the expert labor went elsewhere, and those alone are said to have cut the population fully 300. The packing establishments had to close be- cause of too sharp competition, and the hog and cattle men seemed to prefer selling at five and six cents and buying back from Chicago, St. Louis and elsewhere at ten to fifteen cents for the cured product. In the old times the public had pure kettle rendered lard ; now they have cottolene and other adulterations that are called lard. The flour mills gave up the race because the big concerns could make a barrel of flour for from two to four cents, while to the others it would cost perhaps 20 cents or even more. But the worst feature in Pike as well as else- where out of the big cities, is the lack of a re- ciprocal feeling toward home enterprises. In the old times the farms were smaller and had many tenant houses. Now, some men who were hap- py in the possession of a hundred acres are un- happy with 2,000 or 3,000 acres, and the good tenants have nearly all moved away. It is strongly asserted by many that greed and 142 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. selfishness now are holding the trump cards and it seems that the old postmaster's story will fit in here. A man said to another, "Would you let me have fifteen cents?" "What do you want of fifteen cents ?" "I wish to cross the river." Have you no money?" "No." "Well, just stay where you are. If you have no money it doesn't make any difference which side of the river you are on." With the changes noted it seems as if the old- fashioned hospitality and "a man's a man for a" that" has become obsolete. Too many are in- terested in you for the dollar that can be gained from you. This state of affairs is no worse in old Pike than elsewhere, and the old county has a host of good citizens that generally endorse the words of a noted man who said, "We care not what you believe politically or religiously, or where you were born, or how much money you have, but we do care as to how good a citizen you are." With all the name "good citizen" has a potent power and is recognized as the great de- sideratum. A recent magazine article mentioned the de- struction of the City of Madison, a large river steamer, at Vicksburg in 1863, by the explosion of fixed shells that were being loaded on the boat. The boat was torn all to shreds, and only a few pieces were seen after the terrific blast. The second vessel from the one destroyed was a hos- pital boat. Frank Thomas, a Ninety-ninth boy from New Canton, had been sick there and his death was reported to his captain, H. D. Hull, who invited me to go with him and take care of Frank's effects, a small book and a few dollars. We were in the hospital boat when the City of Madison was blown up, and our boat came nearly breaking in two. I sent the soldier's monev and book to his father, and reported his death as given to us by the boat's surgeon. About three month's latter the crimpan\' was surprised to see the sup- posed dead soldier return in recovered health. A >-ear later he was captured by guerrillas near ATemphis, Tenn., with two others of the Ninety- ninth and ])ut to death. The only solution of his re])nrted death on the hospital book was : The cots were numerous and the occupant's name and nunilxr was in the surgeon's and hospital steward's books. Possi- bly in the absence of nurses Frank Thomas had changed cots with someone. The new occupant had died, and the number being that of Thomas, it was reported the Ninety-ninth boy was dead. The day of the explosion a large number of soldiers and contrabands were killed, but only a few were known. The old hotel known as the Prentiss, was stripped of all the glass in the west and north sides, and many other buildings were more or less injured. In 1862, when the Ninety-ninth Illinois was in the Ozark mountains of Missouri, the writer with a detachment of soldiers was sent to guard a wagon train to Beaver Creek. When night came the pickets were put out and instructions given. Morning came and we moved on without accident or incident. The trip was about forgotten till in 1866 Gen. Jack Burbridge, of the C. S. A., came to New Canton on business. He was well known by many in the two Pikes as his home had been at Louisiana. He called my attention to the Beaver Creek pickets and said : "I was there with about 500 men, heard your instructions to the picket guard and could have captured vou and your en- tire force. I knew 3'Ou and many of your boys, but we did not want you. We were after a loaded train, and as your wagons were empty we did not care for them. But two nights later we took your wagons that were loaded and took all your boys prisoners but one. and if he had not said too much we would not have shot him. The others we paroled when morning came.'' The boy that was killed was a New Canton boy, Blackburn by name. A few weeks later the soldiers of the two Pikes met at Hartsville. Mo., and had a short but bloodv struggle, with many killed and wounded on both sides. The federals were victorious, but it is true that if the confed- erates had not overestimated the federal force the victor)- could liave been theirs. James Montieth, of New Canton, and Phil Donohoe, of Rockport, were both w^ounded at Hartsville. There were two Ceneral Burbridges that the Ninety-ninth boys knew. The U. S. A. was a Kentuckian, while the C. S. A. was from Pike PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 143 county, Mo. Both are on the other shore, but they will be long remembered for their dare-devil ways, and for being good officers. The past with its flood of memories recalls many changes from the old to the new. Those of you in the old days who went fishing and got a fish hook in your hand or fingers remember it took a small surgical operation to remove it. The old method was observed until about six years ago, when a young and progressive doctor de- veloped sense enough to take a file, cut off the end of the hook and pull it out without cutting the hand. The old-timers always bled the sick person for any or all ailments. Now that has passed away and we have more improved ways in caring for the sick. In old times a sea-going vessel had to take in sand or stone for ballast, and carry a sup- ply of fresh water. Now they pump water out of the sea for ballast, and supply their vessels with fresh water by condensing sea water, also making ice on shipboard. As the old darkey said, "De world do move," and the people are keeping up with the procession. In the happy past divorces and alimony were almost unknown. Now the majority of cases in the courts are for divorce. Pike county had one case in 1821, and that was for desertion. My old friend, J. M. Bush, an 1838 man, told a good joke on himself. He said he was elected justice of the peace in an early day, and stated that his first marriage ceremony would be free. A young Piker came to him one wet and stormy night to go about five miles out of town to marry a couple. He went and the evening was so inclement he could not get back to town so remained over night. The couple came down to breakfast, looking a little sheepish, and after the meal the young man said, "How much do I owe you, Squeer?" He told the youngster that what he had stated when elected and the new benedict said, "Well, Squeer, I'm much obleeged to you. We wouldn't a had ■you if we could a got Squeer Scanland." The old-style camp meeting was another cus- tom that now is about obsolete, but in those days was a week or two in duration and was greatly enjoyed. The old-time preachers and singers made the woods resound with their music and earnest appeals to the congregation to abandon the broad road and to travel in the narrow way that leads to life beyond this vale. Pike county had an eminent and distinguished citizen in the person of Judge Chauncey L. Hig- bee. In the trying times of the Civil war he was noted for one act that endeared him to the citi- zens of that period. That was when he visited an alleged disloyal camp on the northwest side of the county and by a brief but able address caused the misguided and almost disloyal ones to break camp and go home to pursue their vocations and not endanger the best interests of the county. He also by word and act was a power in getting the Hannibal & Naples Railroad, now the Wa- bash, through our county. He was so able and noted that he was mentioned as candidate for the vice-presidency of the United States. Pike county now has two banks at Pittsfield, at Griggsville two, Barry two. Perry one, Milton one, Nebo one. New Canton one, Baylis one, Hull one, Pleasant Hill one. It is commendable to the thrift and economy of our citizens to say that more people now have bank accounts than were ever dreamed of a few years ago. The county should have all optimistic people and none of the other order, for the simple reason that there is an opportunity for all to do well if they so will it. Look on the bright side, and think of the jolly son of Erin's song, "Trust to luck, stare fate in the face. Sure your heart will be aisy if it's in the right place." In answer to the query, "Why are we called suckers," there are two versions. About 1777 Gen. George Rogers Clark applied to the Gover- nor of Virginia for permission to take a small army and conquer the Northwest Territory. The Governor consenting, he marched from where Shawneetown now is to Kaskaskia, where the French had a settlement. He moved on the little town, and it being "in the good old summer time," and very hot, the French were discovered sitting on their verandas, quietly sucking their juleps through straws. He charged upon them and shouted, "Surrender, you suckers," which they did, and from that day to this Illinoisians have been known as "suckers." Once Senator Stephen A. Douglas said in a 144 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. speech at Petersburg, Va., "We honor you for a Washington, a Jefferson, a Marshall, and many other distinguished sages and patriots. We yield that you gave us territory for a great and sov- ereign state, but when you claim the glory of the mint julep we say, 'hands off.' Illinois claims that." 'Tis said a traveler once taught an old Virgin- ian how to make a mint julep. Going back a year later he asked a darkey, "Where is your master?" "Dar he." No, your old master." "O, he bin dead for six months. A man from de norf showed him how to drink grass in his whiskey and it done killed him." The other version is that in 1826, at the Ga- lena lead mines, a lot of Illinois boys were start- ing home in the fall. A Missourian said, "Boys, where are you going?" "Home." "Well, you put me in mind of suckers. Up in the spring, spawn, and all return in the fall." Take your choice of the two versions, but keep in mind that the Suckers are a mighty people. The Sucker State is the third in the nation, and the world is proud of Illinois, which gave a Lin- coln, a Grant, and nearly 300,000 others that as- sisted in keeping the old flag flying in the free air of America. In the days when Illinois was a county of Vir- ginia and before the Ross's came to Atlas, a very old Indian trapper told Daniel Barney that when he was a boy he saw the river washing the bare rocks that now show along the bluffs. All the creek valleys between the bluffs that led up to what is called the watershed of the county were great inland seas. A fair evidence of the truth of the statement is that all the highest points on the bluffs were the burial places of the Indians, and 'tis many moons since this was their hunting grounds. While Pike county has held its own in its mod- est way, her citizens past and present have been alert in aiding to advance civilization, educating old and young pupils in the great study of every- day life ?ind how to make good citizenship and to leave behind something to show that their lives were not all vain. Longfellow says: "A millstone and the human heart Are driven ever round. If they have nothing else to grind They must themselves be ground." The old citizens that Pike county knew have answered the inevitable summons. Many hearts have ground out good and some evil, but the good they did will live on and the evil will be for- gotten and forgiven. In the past when the pioneers were converting the virgin fields into homes, farms and orchards, they led happy lives and did not know much of luxuries. Rich old mother earth furnished an abundance of the plain necessities, a few stores with supplies ran accounts with the farmers for a year and often longer. When settlements were made and the crop was not enough to pay the bill, notes were given drawing thirty-seven and one-half per cent annual interest. Notwithstand- ing this large interest they were paid. Later, when interest was down to 18, 15 and 10 per cent they still kept their credit good. Many that left large estates paid their notes and made money by the advance in the price of land, and in those days almost never failing crops. There was no cry then for cheap and shoddy stuff. All had the best, and it was a glory of the times that adulteration in food products and sup- plies was unknown. A host of good fellows sized up the old German's remark, "I youst as veil haf his vord as his note." But now, alas, a few are at large whose word or note is not as good as it should be. The good old county has been very fortunate in having a majority of its officials that were ever alert, and sought earnestly to advance pub- lic interests. Edwin Markham's finely expressed thought is here given, not that it applies to Pike county, but that future officials may be impressed by it for their own and our citizens' glory: "What de we need to prop the State? We need the fine audacities of honest deed, the homely old integrities of soul, the swift temerities that take the part of outcast right, the wisdom of the heart, brave hopes that Mammon never can de- tain or sully with his gainless clutch for gain." The county for many years had fairs at Pitts- field and Barry that were always well attended and enjoyed by all. But time with its rapid changes soon crowded them out. Griggsville PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 145 still conducts a good fair, but the larger ones have taken much of its patronage. It seems the public is too exacting, and want a world's fair lor a quarter. I remember very pleasantly many of the man- agers of the Pittsfield and Barry fairs, and the fine entertainment they put up for the people. Whither are we drifting! Unless we turn about and sustain home enterprises our good old county will be as dry and uninteresting as an Egyptian mummy. The public should plead guilty to this charge. We have done too much for the cities and larger counties, greatly to the detri- ment of the home towns. Don't forget that the great cities are only interested in you for the money they get from you. In 1851 the great flood in the Mississippi river did great damage. The river was from six to eight miles wide, the backwater coming out to the farm of Joel Morey and within half a mile of New Canton. The Louisiana ferryboat, then run by Frank and Wash Burnett, made trips from Louisiana to Atlas. The water was from six to ten feet deep all over the Sny bottom. The cordwood industry was quite extensive at Cin- cinnati Landing and there were over 5,000 cords of choice wood on the banks, as in those days the steamboats used wood exclusively. The flood took all the wood and completely ruined a few men who had their all in cordwood. The Sny bottoms were a wreck and a ruin till they were reclaimed by the great Sny levee, fifty-two miles in length. There were floods before and after, but that of 1 85 1 was the greatest in the memory of our citizens. Pike county people will be long remembered for many deeds of charity. There never has been a call in vain. Once they sent money and sup- plies to sufferers in Europe, and several times to Kansas and Nebraska, when their crops failed and gaunt famine was staring them in the face. Our grand old county did not stop to ask who, what color or what society they belonged to, but it was sufficient to us to know they were our brothers and that they were in distress. Our peo- ple were thankful and now remember very grate- fully the generous people who contributed so freely to the Sny bottom sufferers of 1888, when the levee broke and so many lost all they had. The donation of money and food for man and animal came from as far east as Boston, and many other cities of the East and North. The old time school passes in review, and while the present system with all its advantages and the able and earnest instructiors claim our praise and encouragement, yet the old-fashioned school with its "readin, ritin and rithmetic," the old time "spellin' skules" and the log school houses with but few conveniences and less comforts still hold the palm for the good they accomplished. Methods now are different, and it is an unsettled question if there are as many useful and prac- tical products, numbers considered, as in the old time schools. The great army of illerates is not far different from the past, and who is to blame? Perhaps it is safe to say lack of interest in the pupils is the cause. Too many alleged studies, too much hurrying through the books and too little actual practical knowledge gained. This is not a pleasant truth, and is not a re- flection on the schools of today, but all wish that the youth could properly see and apprepricate the great feast of knowledge daily set before them.. There are many youngsters that can if they will be a Clay, a Webster, a Lincoln or a Garfield, and we must have them as the times still need useful men. Did those named waste their time on football, baseball, club regattas and athletic sports? Did they draw on the "gover- nor" for more money? Did they come home as the latest fashion plates and society darlings? These thoughts are given to warn the rising gen- eration that it takes work and hard unremitting study to fit yourself for the race of life. Be a hero, be a close student, gather useful knowl- edge, make yourself a great and useful citizen. "Love theyself last, cherish those hearts that hate thee. Still in thy right hand carry gentle peace. To silence envious tongues." And if you fail, you have the pleasant assur- ance that you made the effort and did your best. Cf ^ I Biographica HON. CHAUNCEY L. HIGBEE. Hon. Chauncey L. Higbee, legislator and jur- ist, carved his name high on the keystone of the legal arch of Illinois. He was a representative of that rare element in modern life which, al- though an invaluable part of it, yet rests upon a basis of something ideal and philosophical. In a worldly sense he certainly made his mark, serv- ing most creditably in Illinois as one of the ap- pellate judges, being recognized as an astute law- yer, politician and statesman. Whenever he came in contact vi^ith men of note not only was he val- ued as an equal of practical strength and re- sources but also as one whose integrity was be- yond question. Judge Higbee was not only practical, drawing to himself the strongest minds of his profession, but was imbued with the best scientific and philosophical thought of the day and his mind reached out with a statesman's grasp of affairs to the mastery of the important questions involving the welfare of the common- wealth. A native of Clermont county, Ohio, Judge Hig- bee was born September 7, 1821, and died on the 7th of December, 1884. In 1844, at the age of twenty-three years, having in the meantime ac- quired only a comparatively limited education, but nevertheless ambitious and energetic, he took up the study of law with his uncle. Judge James Ward, of Griggsville, Pike county, Illinois, and after two or three years preliminary reading was admitted to the bar and entered upon the prac- tice of his profession. Within a few years he had worked his way steadily upward to a posi- tion in the front ranks of the legal fraternity of this section of the state and had a large practice in his own county and throughout the military tract. He continued successfully as counsellor and advocate before the bar until 1861, when he was elected to the circuit bench for a term of six years, and no higher testimonial of his capability can be given than the fact that he was three times re-elected to this office, making nearly twenty- four consecutive years of service therein. In 1877, when the system of appellate courts was es- tablished, the supreme court selected Judge Hig- bee as one of the three circuit judges from the third appellate district and upon his re-election in June, 1879, he was again assigned to the high position and at the time of his death was presid- ing justice of that body. He took to the bench the highest qualities necessary for the impartial hearing of litigated interests. He had the faculty of freeing his mind from personal prejudices and peculiarities and giving unremitting attention to the cause in argument and the application of legal principles thereto, and his decisions were regarded as models of judicial soundness by many of the most distinguished lawyers and jurists, representing the judiciary of Illinois. In his political views Judge Higbee was a dem- ocrat and took an active interest in the work of the party up to the time of his elevation to the 150 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. bench. Afterward he allowed nothing to inter- fere with the faithful performance of his duties, standing as he did as a conservator of justice and right. In 1854 he was elected to the state legis- lature and in 1858 was chosen to represent his district in the state senate, where he served until his elevation to the bench. He took a conspicu- ous part as one of the four delegates at large to the democratic national convention held in St. Louis in 1876. As a citizen as well as a politi- cian, judge and statesman he was conspicuous by reason of his worth and activity and his city profited largely by his efforts in its behalf. The large school building at Pittsfield is a monument to the activity of Judge Higbee and others, for he took a most helpful interest in the cause of education and his labors were an effective agency for its advancement. That the Methodist people of Pittsfield worship in so handsome and commo- dious a building is largely due to his efforts. He was an earnest promoter of the Pittsfield House, was a charter member of the First National Bank of the city, and for years acted as its president. In 1854 Judge Higbee was married to Miss Julia M. White, a niece of the Hon. I. N. Mor- ris, deceased, and a native of Clermont county, Ohio. They had a son and daughter, Harry and Sue, the former now circuit judge. Judge Higbee was the contemporary and friend of many of the distinguished lawyers of Illinois. His intellectual energy, professional in- tegrity and keen insight combined to make him one of the ablest lawyers of the state. He was by nature endowed with the greatest of human qualities — integrity — which wealth can not pur- chase, power can not imitate or dying men decree. Upon the bench he was the soul of judicial honor and his career was distinguished by a masterful grasp of every question that was presented for solution. In his social life he had the quality of winning warm, personal regard and strong friendships. It may be said of him that he has left to his children and to his country the record of a life "Rich in the world's opinion and men's praise And full of all he could desire but praise." ED-WARD PENSTONE. Edward Penstone, a veteran of the Civil war, is now living in Pittsfield but for many years was closely associated with farming interests, belong- ing to a family that has taken a prominent part in the development and progress of the county in agricultural lines. A native of Eng'land, his birth occurred in the city of London in 1842, his parents being Giles and Sarah (Stratton) Pen- stone, both of whom were natives of Berkshire, England. When a youth of fifteen years the father was apprenticed to learn the dry-goods trade and was connected with commercial pursuits in his native country until 1849, when, attracted by the possibilities of the new world he came to the United States with his family and at once made his way into the interior of the country, settling in Newburg township. Pike county. His capital was invested in eighty acres of land which he at once began to cultivate and improve, and in later years, associated with his sons, he invested in property until their realty holdings covered seven hundred and sixty-five acres of very valua- ble land in Newburg township. To the develop- ment of the property he gave his energies with the result that in due course of time he was the owner of a ver)' valuable farm which had been brought to a high state of cultivation. In 1867 however, he put aside business cares and he and his wife spent their remaining days in Griggsville. Their family numbered four sons and two daughters, of whom three sons and the daughters are yet living, as follows : Giles H., who is mentioned elsewhere in this work ; Edward, of this review ; Stratton, who is living in Newburg township; Sarah, the wife of David Dolbow ; and Ellen R., the wife of W. E. Kneeland, of Griggsville. Edward Penstone spent the first seven years of his life in the land of his nativity and was then brought by his parents to Pike county, where he pursued his education as a public-school student and in the periods of vacation aided in the farm work. When a young man of nineteen years he donned the blue uniform of the nation and went to the front as a member of Company H, Seventy- third Illinois Infantry, with which he served for three years. Being captured he was held as a PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 151 prisoner of war in Libby prison for three months. He took part in the battles of Perryville and of Stone River and in the latter was wounded by a shell. He was also shot in the left arm and side in the battle of Chickamauga and was there cap- tured, after which he was sent to Atlanta and later to Libby prison. After three months he was re- leased, paroled and exchanged, and he then re- turned to the army in April, 1864. He took part in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, the siege of Atlanta and the engagements at Jonesboro, Frank- linville and Nashville. While at Libby prison he was reported dead. He held rank of corporal and proved a loyal soldier, never faltering in any duty that was assigned to him. When the war was over Mr. Penstone returned to his home and the following year was married to Miss Maria Glenn, a native of Flint township, Pike county, and a daughter of William Glenn, of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Penstone began their do- mestic life upon a farm and in 1872 he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land in Newburg township which he still owns. He afterward bought eighty acres more and he now owns two hundred and forty acres constituting a valuable property, on which he raises hogs and sheep. He retired from the active work of the farm in 1895 and removed to Pittsfield, where he purchased a fine residence and now makes his home, while his son operates his farm. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Penstone have been born two children: William E., who married Alice Turnbull, and lives upon the home place ; and Mabel G., who is the wife of Thomas Pence, and lives on a farm in Salem township. His son has two children — Lena M. and Frank E. The daughter, Mrs. Pence, has five children, Edward W., Orville E., Louise M., Thomas H. and Glenn P. Politically Mr. Penstone is a republican and has served as township school trustee and school director. He belongs to W. W. Lawton post, No. 38, G. A. R., of Griggsville, and also to the ' Modern Woodmen camp and to the Masonic lodge, while both he and his wife are affiliated with the Eastern Star. Mr. and Mrs. Penstone are Congregationalists in religious faith and for twenty years he has been a church trustee, acting in that capacity for nine years in Pittsfield. He made a creditable record as a soldier and an equally creditable one as an agriculturist, and he owes his success largely to his own efforts, for with little financial assistance he started out in life and has worked his way upward through deter- mined purpose, close application and unremitting diligence. He is to-day the owner of valuable farming property which is the visible evidence of his life of well directed effort and persever- ance. W. H. HASKINS. W. H. Haskins, living on section 3, Hardin township, is one of the large landowners and suc- cessful stock feeders of Hardin township. His realty holdings embrace one thousand acres, with two hundred acres in the home farm, constituting a well improved and valuable property equipped with all modern conveniences and accessories. Born in Newburg township on the 5th of January, 1845, he was a son of Otis A. Haskins. His father was born in Massachusetts, in November, 1817, and was there reared to manhood, coming in 1838 to Illinois. He was a carpenter and joiner b_v trade and his first location was at Alton, where he worked at his trade until 1844. He was married in Greene county, Illinois, to Miss Nancy Thomas, whose birth occurred in that county. In the year 1844 he removed to Pike county and pur- chased one hundred and sixty acres of land in Newburg township. He resided upon that farm and later on another farm in Newburg township for several years. He then bought one hundred and sixty acres of land, where his son S. T. Has- kins now resides. He was an active and pros- perous farmer and a man of good business ability, making careful investments of his capital until he owned over two thousand acres of land. He dis- played keen discernment, executive force and in- defatigable energy as he gave his time and atten- tion to farming and stock-raising. He also fed stock for a number of years. Eventually he pur- chased property in Pittsfield, where he erected a large, neat and substantial residence and there he located, spending his remaining years in honora- 152 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ble retirement from further labor save the super- vision of his invested interests. He died January 28, 1897. His wife passed away February 16, 1885, and both were laid to rest in the West ceme- tery in Pittsfield. William H. Haskins is the eldest in a family of four children, two sons and two daughters, all of whom are }-et living. He was reared upon the old home farm in Hardin township and although he received ample training in farm labor his educa- tional privileges were somewhat meager, so that he is largelv a self-educated man and although now well informed his knowledge has been ac- quired greatlv through reading, observation and experience since attaining man's estate. He re- mained upon the old homestead with his father until twenty-eight years of age and assisted him in the work of tilling the soil and caring for the stock and crops. Starting out in life on his own account Mr. Haskins was united in marriage in Atlas town- ship, on the 1st of September, 1873, to Miss Emily Yokem, a native of Pike county, reared and educated here, a daughter of William Yokem, one of the early settlers who came to Illinois from Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Haskins located upon a farm in Hardin township where they lived for two years and then removed to wdiat is now the home farm on section 3 of the same township. Mr. Haskins began to further improve and cultivate this property and success resulted from his ear- nest, well directed and practical efforts. As his financial resources increased he bought other lands from time to time and he now owns six good farms comprising more than one thousand acres. He also owns the Haskins home in Pittsfield, the former residence of his father. In connection with the cultivation of the cereals best adapted to the soil and climate he has for a number of years made a business of raising, feeding and dealing in cattle and hogs, selling each year quite a large herd of well fattened cattle and also a goodly number of hogs. He is accounted one of the far-sighted, enterprising and successful agriculturists and stockmen of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Haskins have eight children: Mary; William O. ; Kate, the wife of Selden Formen, of Jacksonville, Illinois ; Nellie ; Nancy ; Nettie; Verd I.; and Wallace. They also lost a son, Herbert, who died at the age of about three years. The children have been students in the Pittsfield high school and Mr. Haskins has pro- vided his sons and daughters with good educa- tional privileges, thus equipping them for life's practical and responsible duties. In 1868 he proudly cast his first presidential vote for General U. S. Grant and he has supported every presi- dential nominee on the republican ticket since that time but is without aspiration for office. Rather than to enter into public life as an office holder he has preferred to do his public service as a private citizen and give the greater part of his attention to his business interests. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has taken the Master's degree in the lodge at Time. He and his estimable wife have been life-long residents of Pike county and are familiar with much of its history as the work of develop- ment and growth has been carried forward. They have also been identified with the improvement and progress of their community and genuine worth insures for them \varm friendship and ' kindly regard. HON. JEFFERSON ORR. Hon. Jefferson Orr, a prominent member of the Pittsfield bar, who in the practice of his pro- fession has made consecutive advancement until he occupies a position in the foremost rank among the leading lawyers of western Illinois, was born in the vicinity of Deersville, Harrison county, Ohio, on the 20th day of July, 1842, his parents being John and Ary (Moore) Orr, the latter a daughter of Alexander Moore, a resident of Ohio. John Orr was born in Pennsylvania in the year 1810 and was of Scotch descent, his father, John Orr, Sr., being a native of Scotland although reared in Ireland. The father of our subject ac- companied his parents to Ohio when he was a small lad and passed the days of his boyhood and youth in his parents' home, early becoming famil- iar with agricultural pursuits. He was married in the Buckeye state to Miss Ary Moore, and, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^|^^|HH^|H^^^^^^^^^HHH||!' ' ^^^^^^I^^h^Ihh^HR'-^' '' '''''1 ..::;! ^^HPf4P%) 1 1 y PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 155 turning his attention to farming, was thus en- gaged until 1852, when he came with his family to Pike county, Illinois, settling in Fairmount township, where he made his home for twenty- two years. Subsequently he took up his abode in Mount Sterling, where his death occurred on the 3d of June, 1890. liis wife had died in Oc- tober, i860, and thus he survived her for almost a third of a century. They reared a family of ten children, of whom the subject of this review is the seventh in order of birth. One son, Albert, was killed at the battle of Jackson, Mississippi, while serving as a member of the Forty-first Illi- nois Infantry in defense of the Union. Most of the other members of the family are still resi- dents of Illinois. Jefferson C)rr was a youth of ten summers when his parents came to this state and his edu- cation, begun in the district schools of Ohio, was continued in the public schools of this county, and afterward at Mount Sterling, Illinois, prior to his matriculation in the Illinois College at Jacksonville. He later spent three years in the Chicago University, the last two years of that period being passed in the law department, from which he was graduated with honors in the class of 1864. Soon afterward he went to Atchison, Kansas, where he practiced for about nine months and on the expiration of that period he returned to Pittstield. He has since been an able member of the bar of this city and in 1872 was elected prosecuting attorney of Pike county, to which position he was elected until he had served for eight consecutive years. He has since given his attention to the private practice of law and in 1877 formed a partnership with Edward Yates, which was continued until 1880. In the following year he became a partner of A. G. Crawford under the firm style of Orr & Craw- ford, and they enjoyed an extensive clientage. For the past few years, however, Mr. Orr has been alone and has controlled a legal business which in volume and importance indicates his high standing at the bar. On the 7th of November, 1878, was celebrated the marriage of Jefferson Orr and Miss Ella M. Yates, a daughter of George and Maria (Hin- man) Yates, and a graduate of the Methodist College of Jacksonville. She is a lady of super- ior culture and refinement and is an active mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which Mr. Orr also belongs. Mr. Orr stands high as a citizen and in every department of jurispru- dence, and is particularly noted for his success- ful practice in the department of criminal law. Moreover he is financially successful. In 1891 he was elected circuit judge snd for six years served upon the bench. Mr. Orr has always been identified with the anti-license party of Pittsfield, has served, as trustee and president of the board, also alderman, and for the past six years as mayor of the city, holding that office at the present time. His life has been one of untir- ing activity and he has so directed his ability and efforts as to gain recognition as one of the repre- sentative citizens of Pike county. Realizing the necessity for thorough preparation he industri- ously prepares his cases and in the court-room his manner is characterized by a calmness and dignity that indicate reserve strength. JAMES M. NORTON. James M. Norton, an honored veteran of the Civil war, now living retired in Milton, is a native son of Indiana, born in Warren county on the loth of January, 1844. His parents, Ichabod S. and Elizabeth (French) Norton, were among the early settlers of Warren county and contrib- uted to its pioneer development and progress. In later years they removed to Rossville, Ver- milion county, Illinois, where their last days were spent. In their family were fifteen children, of whom James was the seventh in order of birth. The record is as follows : Minerva, now de- ceased ; Mary A. ; Adeline A. ; William, who died in Columbus, Kentucky, from illness contracted while serving his country as a soldier, of the Union army ; John, deceased ; Harvey, who served in Company K, Thirty-third Indiana Regi- ment and was honorably discharged July 21, 1865, near Louisville, Kentucky; James M. ; Thomas Jefferson ; Jane and Laura, both deceased ; Sarah M. ; Zeruah ; Rebecca; Lizzie; and one 156 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. child who died unnamed. Minerva was the daughter of the father's first mflrriage, the mother bearing the maiden name of Polly Fore- man. James M. Norton was reared upon the old homestead farm and acquired his education in the country schools. He assisted in the work of field and meadow until seventeen years of age, when, in response to his country's call, he enlisted in defense of the Union cause on the 12th of September, 1861, for three years' service with Company K, Thirty-third Indiana Infantry. He re-enlisted as a veteran in the same regiment on the 23d of Januarjr, 1864, and continued with the army until the close of hostilities. His first en- gagement with the enemy was at Wild Cat, Ken- tucky, and he afterward participated in several skirmishes in the vicinity of Cumberland Gap. Later he was at Thompson Station, Tennessee, and there the entire regiment was captured and sent to Libby prison, where Mr. Norton re- mained for thirty days, when he was released and exchanged. With his regiment he then returned to Chattanooga, Tennessee, and took part in the battle of Resaca, after which the command was under fire constantly for sixty-five days, or until the fall of Atlanta, Georgia. During this time the battles of Dallas. Wood, Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek were fought. Following the capitulation of Atlanta the Thirty-third In- diana joined Sheniian on his march to the sea and afterward participated in the engagements at Salisbury and Goldsboro, North Carolina, fol- lowing which the regiment went to Washington, D. C, and took part in the grand review there, the most celebrated military pageant ever seen on the western hemisphere. The regiment then proceeded to Louisville, Kentucky, where the men were honorablv discharged on the 21st of July, 1865. Mr. Norton returned home with a most cred- itable military record, having ever been faithful and loyal to his duty no matter where it called him. He was often in the thickest of the fight and he never wavered in his allegiance to the old flag and the cause it represented. Again taking up his abode in Vermilion county, Illinois, he con- tinued farming there until 1866, when he came to Pike county, where he afterward devoted his energies to general agricultural pursuits, but now he is practically living a retired life. On the 27th of May, 1869, Mr. Norton was married to Miss Ellerslie Foreman, a daughter of Peter and Cloe Foreman, who were among the early settlers of Pike county. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Norton have been born five children, of whom four are living: James W., Winfield C, Guy W., William H. and Clyde A., but the last named died October 18, 1901. Mr. Norton is one of Milton's representative citizens, a man who in business relations has been found honorable and in social circles reliable. He is devoted to the welfare of his family, for whom he has provided a comfortable competence and in citizenship he is to-day as loyal to his country as when he followed the stars and stripes upon the battle-fields of the south. MARCELLUS MAYS. Marcellus Mays, an enterprising farmer resid- ing on section 31, Pittsfield township, was born in Clinton county, Ohio, November 17, 1849, and is a son of A. and Rebecca J. (Davis) Mays. The father was born in Ohio and was a farmer by occupation, following that pursuit in the Buck- eye state until 1864, when he came to Illinois, set- tling in Pittsfield township. He bought a farm of one hundred and forty acres and resided there- on until 1884, when he went to CaUfornia, estab- lishing his home near Ventura, where he now re- sides at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. His wife also survives and is now seventy- seven years of age. He has retired from active farm life, but is still the owner of a large fruit farm in California, which is well situated and re- turns to him an excellent annual income. His political allegiance has long been given to the democracy and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist church. In the family were three children, of whom two are now living : Mar- cellus, of this review, and William Mays, who is a resident of California. Marcellus Mays was educated in the schools of Ohio and Illinois, and after putting aside his PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 157 text-books began farming. He remained at home until twenty-five years of age, after which he purchased ninety acres of land on section 31, Pittsfield township, where he now resides. He carries on general farming and stock-raising, mak- ing a specialty of hogs and cattle. He keeps thor- oughbred Poland China hogs and also raises a high grade of cattle. In all of his work he has displayed close application and unremitting dili- gence as well as good business discernment. In 1877 Mr. Mays was married to Miss Cenith Townsend, who was formerly a school teacher. She was born in Pike county and is a daughter of William and Nancy R. Townsend, both of whom are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Mays have no children of their own, but have reared an adopted daughter, Esther McClintock Mays, who has received from them the care, love and attention which would have been given to an own child. She became a member of their household in 1895, when seven years of age. She is a great lover of music, possessing much natural talent in that direction, and she is a graduate of the Pike county schools. Mr. Mays was formerly a democrat, but is now independent in his political affiliation. He belongs to lodge No. 453, A. F. & A. M., of New Hartford, and to Summer Hill camp. No. 1053, M. W. A. He and his wife are members of the Methodist church. He is now taking life in a somewhat easy manner, having acquired a competence that relieves him from the more arduous cares of farm work. His excel- lent qualities of manhood endear him to those with whom he has come in contact and he is one of the representative citizens of his community. He has read extensively, keeping well informed on questions of the day, political and otherwise, and is a pleasant companion and gentleman of genial and social disposition, who has gained many friends. WILLIAM H. DUNHAM. William H. Dunham has since 1891 resided upon his present farm in New Salem township and in connection with general agricultural pur- suits he is engaged in buying and selling hogs and cattle. Numbered among the native sons of the county, his birth occurred near Maysville, on the 9th of July, 1859, ^''i^ parents being Nathaniel and Mary (Kiser) Dunham. The father came from Ohio to Pike county about 1844. His birth had occurred in Warren county, Ohio, on the 14th of February, 1834, and he was there- fore a youth of ten years when he accompanied his parents on their removal to this state. The paternal grandfather, Lewis Dunham, was born September 12, 1802, and was a cooper by trade, but devoted the greater part of his time and attention to agricultural pursuits after removing to the west. He died September 14, 1866. As a pioneer resident he was well known in the county and he aided in the early development and substantial improvement of this part of the state. Nathaniel Dunham was here reared and edu- cated. He bore the usual hardships and pri- vations of pioneer life and shared with the family in the arduous task of developing a new farm. On the 26th of October, 1854, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Kiser, a daughter of Daniel Kiser, who settled in Pike county in 1844. Mrs. Dunham was born in Warren county, In- diana, on the 3d of May, 1838, and remained under the parental roof until she went to her husband's home. She has been to him a faithful companion and helpmate on life's journey. Mr. Dunham for many years engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He owned about four hundred acres of rich and productive land and for many years resided in the vicinity of Mays- ville, while at the present time he and his wife make their home in that town, where he is now retired from active business cares. He votes with the democracy and both he and his wife are members of the United Brethren church, in which Mr. Dunham is serving as a trustee. They take an active and helpful part in the work of the church and are interested in all that tends to the moral development as well as the material prog- ress of the community. Mr. Dunham has reach- ed the age of seventy-two years, while his wife has passed the sixty-ninth milestone on life's journey. In their family were seven children, five of whom are yet living : Daniel, who resides in New Salem township ; William H. ; Louis O., 158 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNIY. who resides in Griggsville; Nicholas and David, botli deceased ; Charles E., who is living on the old homestead near Maysville; and Orpha J., who is the wife of Stanton Kennedy, a resident of Griggsville township. William H. Dunham was educated in Mays- ville, acquiring a good English education. As the father was crippled the children early had to start out in life on their own account and William H. Dunham followed the plow when only eight years of age. Plis youth was largely a period of earnest and unremittng toil but he developed thereby a self-reliance and force of character which have made him a strong man in later years — strong in his honor and good name, strong in his purposes and in what he has accomplished. When twenty-one years of age he was married, but remained upon the home farm for two years- longer and at the age of twenty-three years he began the operation of rented land, giving his time and energies to farm labor for ten years longer. He then bought one hundred and sixty acres where he now resides, taking up his abode thereon in 1891. He has a splendid property here, the land being arable and responding readily to the care and cultivation he bestows upon it. The fields are now well tilled and he has good buildings upon the place, including a fine two story residence. He also buys and sells hogs and cattle and everything about his farm is kept in •excellent condition, its neatness and thrift indi- cating his careful supervision. Mr. Dunham was married in 1880 to Miss Sarah E. Aber, a native of Detroit township, Pike county, born on the 28th of October, 1862, ■and a daughter of Henry and Ann Eliza (Sloan) Aber. The father was an early settler here, hav- ing come to Pike county when a young man with his parents. By trade he is a blacksmith and for many years led a very busy life. He still survives but his wife has been called to her final rest. Mrs. Dunham is one of six children. Her father married again and had five children by his second wife. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dunham have been born ten children, of whom one died in infancy. Nellie May, who pursued her education in Mays- ville, Griggsville and in the State Normal School, is now teaching for the fifth term. Marv Alta married Newton Moon, resides in Griggsville township and has two children. Amy May and Charles Winfred. Nannie A., Orpha L., Bessie D., Nathaniel Clay, Daniel Truman, Willa Fern, and Sadie Esther are all at home. Lucinda died in infancy. The home farm is pleas- antly located about two and a half miles south- east of New Salem. Mr. Dunham votes with the democracy and for fifteen )'ears served as school director. He is a member of the Modern Wood- men camp, No. mo, of New Salem and his wife and eldest daughter are members of the Royal Neighbors. He and his family hold membership in the United Brethren church, in which he is serving as a trustee and president of the board. His life has been honorable and upright, his actions manly and sincere and he is a gentleman whom to know is to respect. He has made all of his property by hard and persistent work and his name stands as a synonym for business integ- rity and unfaltering perseverance. J. T. KIBLER. J. T. Kibler, living on section 11, Martinsburg township, is one of the early settlers of Pike county, dating his residence here from 185 1, while since 1866 he has lived upon his present farm. He owns and operates one hundred and sixty acres of land and is a prosperous agriculturist. A native son of Ohio, he was born in Highland county, on the 17th of July, 1824. His father was Frederick Kibler, a native of Virginia, and his grandfather was William Kibler, one of the early residents of the Shenandoah valley in the Old Dominion. He was of German birth. Frederick Kibler was reared and educated in Virginia and there married Leah Wilkin, who was born in that state and was a daughter of Henry Wilkin, who was likewise a native of Virginia but became an early settler of Ohio. Both the Kibler and Wilkin families went to the Buckeye state, settling near Hillsboro, in Highland county, where Frederick Kibler engaged in clerking and also developed a farm. In his family were ten children, all of whom reached years of maturity, J. T. Kibler PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 159 being- the ninth in order of birth. Three of the number are now hving:, the sixth being WilHam, who resides in Marfon county, Kansas, while Henry is living in Highland county, Ohio. J. T. Kibler was reared in the Buckeye state and supplemented his early education by study in the South Salem Academy. Subsequently he became a teacher of Highland county, where he followed his profession for several years. .On the 2ist of February, 1851, he was married to Miss Sarah A. Ruble, of the same county, and daughter of John Ruble, one of the first settlers of that locality, to which place he removed from Ten- nessee. Not long after his marriage Mr. Kibler came to Pike county, Illinois, arriving here on the i8th of March, 1851. He located on a farm in New- burg township, where he rented land and carried on general agricultural pursuits for a year. He also taught school during the winter months for twelve or fifteen years, being one of the pioneer educators of this locality, his labors contributing in substantial measure to the intellectual develop- ment of this part of the state. He also bought a farm near the village of Time. This was an improved place, which he further cultivated, and in 1869 he bought his present property, compris- ing one hundred and sixty acres on section 11, Martinsburg township. There was an old log cabin upon the place, in which he lived for two years, when he built a more modern and com- modious residence. He has continued the work of improvement and cultivation until the farm bears little resemblance to the place which came into his possession more than a third of a cen- tury ago. In fact, it is a splendidly improved property and in the year 1905 he gathered there- from four thousand bushels of corn, together with other grain. He keeps a high grade of stock, including cattle, horses and swine, and is one of the enterprising and energetic agriculturists of his community. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Kibler have been born seven children: Wiliam W., who is a druggist in Visalia, California ; Albert M., who is living in Montgomery county, Missouri; Ben F., a civil engineer and rancher, also of Visalia ; W. A., who resides in old Mexico, where he is a railroad- bridge contractor ; Joseph B., who is farming with his father ; Kathie B., the wife of N. E. Unsell, of Pike county, Missouri ; and Rebecca V., the wife of George Peters, who is deputy postmaster at Pittsfield. Politically Mr. Kibler has long been a repub- lican. He was reared in the faith of the whig party and cast his first presidential ballot for Henry Clay. He supported Fremont in 1856 and has voted for each presidential nominee to the present time. He served as township clerk for several years and was also school treasurer for eight or nine years. He has been connected with the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company since its organization, has been a director for a long period and during the last four years has been its president. He and his wife are members of the Christian church, with which they have been identified from youth to the present time, and now he is serving as an elder in the Martins- burg church. This worthy couple have long traveled life's journey together, celebrating their golden wedding in 1901, and they are esteemed as most worthy and respected people, whose lives of uprightness and honor well entitle them to the confidence and esteem of all who know them. ISAAC BARTON. There is perhaps no resident of Pike county more deserving of mention among its represent- atives and respected citizens than Isaac Barton, a retired farmer now living in Pittsfield. He was born in Kentucky, June 7, 1825, a son of William and Mary( Brewer) Barton, the former of Eng- lish descent. The family, however, was founded in America at an early day, the paternal grand- father having been a native of Virginia, where he followed the occupation of farming. At the time of the outbreak of hostilities between the colonies and the mother country, he espoused the cause of liberty and laid down his life on its altar in the battle of Bunker Hill. His wife lived to the advanced age of eighty years and reared their family of five children, filling the place of both father and mother after the death of her i6o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. husband. During the greater part of her life she was a devoted member of the Baptist church. William Barton, father of our subject, was born in the Old Dominion and in early manhood went to Tennessee, where he was married to Miss Mary Brewer, a native of that state and a woman of high Christian character, belonging to the •Baptist church. They afterward removed to Knox county, Kentucky, settling on the Cumberland river, and were among the early residents of that locality. Mr. Barton acquired a large tract of land and met success in his business affairs. For many years he was a deacon in the Baptist church and took an active, and helpful part in its work. His political allegiance was given to the whig party. He was killed in a runaway accident when about sixty years of age and his wife died when more than fifty years of age. In their family were thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, of whom three are now living. Those deceased are : Susan ; Henry ; James ; John ; Solo- man ; William ; Lewis ; Elizabeth ; Sarah ; and Nancy. Those who still survive are : Isaac ; Mary Jane Barton, living in Kentucky ; and Daniel, also of that state. Isaac Barton was only eleven years of age at the time of his father's death and he afterward provided for his education by working for his board and the privilege of attending school. He remaining in his native state until twelve years of age, pursuing his studies in one of the old-time log schoolhouses, with its open fireplace, slab writing desk beneath the window and other primitive furnishings. He then accompanied his brother to Parke county, Indiana, which was a pioneer dis- trict with few evidences or promises of rapid de- velopment, and there he secured employment as a farm hand, his wage being seven dollars per month for the first years. He continued in simi- lar service for eight years and then learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for four or five years, after which he operated a carding machine for two years and also spent some time in sawmills. He was likewise employed as a clerk in a store before leaving Indiana, but think- ing to find still better business opportunities in Illinois, he came to Pike county in December, 1847, making the journey on horseback, at which time his possessions consisted of his horse, saddle and about fifteen dollars iii money. For two years he was employed in sawmills at Rockport, Pike county, after which he invested his savings in eighty acres of land on section 8, Martinsburg township, of which only ten acres had been cleared. A log house had also been built into which he moved but after making some improve- ments on that property he sold the place and bought seventy-nine acres in Pleasant Hill town- ship, the purchase price being six hundred dollars. A year later he sold out for twelve hundred dol- lars, thus realizing a good profit on his invest- ment. He next became owner of one hundred and sixty acres farther north, but soon disposed of this at an advance of three hundred dollars and invested in one hundred and sixty acres of timber land north of Rockport, where he took up his abode and there operated a sawmill for ten years. As his financial resources increased he added to his landed holding from time to time until he owned three hundred and sixty acres. He carried on farming on an extensive scale and also raised stock, while to his farm he added excellent mod- ern equipments and accessories. He carried on his farm work in a most systematic and approved manner and the place showed his careful super- vision in its attractive appearance. He was careful in expenditures but always in touch with the spirit of progress in farm work and so directed his labors that success resulted. He still owns forty acres of valuable farming land together with one of the finest homes in Pittsfield, standing in the midst of seven acres of ground. The dwelling, a beautiful brick residence, sets well back from the street and the lawn is adorned with fine evergreen trees, shrubs and flowering plants. On the 15th of February, 1848, Mr. Barton was married to Miss Rachel M. Owsley, who was born in eastern Tennessee, December 27, 1830, a daughter of Thomas and Charity (Butcher) Owsley. The father was a most far-sighted busi- ness man. He followed farming and he was also the first in the country to deal in ready-made cof- fins. He came to Pike county in 1847 ^^^. ^^^ the owner of eleven hundred acres of bottom land all in one body and a large farm on the upland. He had three children but Mrs. Barton is the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. i6i only one living. She is an intelligent lady and earnest Christian woman who has indeed been a faithful companion and helpmate to her husband. They became the parents of eight children : Mary, the wife of Richard Wells and a resident of Arkansas; William Thomas, deceased; John A., who married Allie Hayes and lives in Missouri ; Frank, who married Elizabeth Wells and resides in Arkansas; Delia R., at home; Fred, who mar- ried Annie Huffman and is located in Missouri; Anna, deceased; and Clyde E., a graduate of Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, and now practicing his profession in Germantown. Politically Mr. Barton is a stalwart democrat and has been called to various offices by his fellow townsmen who recognize his trustworthi- ness and ability. He was justice of the peace, constable, assessor and collector while living in Atlas township. He belongs to the Masonic lodge of Hartford and both he and his wife have been members of the Methodist church since 1855, taking an active and helpful part in its work. Mr. Barton has served as steward, class leader, trustee and superintendent of the Sunday- school and his labors have been most beneficial. He has always kept well informed on topics of general interest and has lived an upright life, crowned with successful accomplishment and the resfpect and honor of his fellowmen throughout the county in which he has now lived for almost six decades, witnessing almost its entire growth and development. GILES H. PENSTONE. Among the residents of Pittsfield formerly identified with agricultural interests but now liv- ing retired, is numbered Giles H. Penstone, who took up his abode in this city in November, 1900. He was born in London, England, February 22, 1838, and is a son of Giles and Sarah (Stratton) Penstone, both of whom were natives of Berk- shire, England. The father was engaged in the dry-goods business in that country, having been apprenticed to the trade when fifteen years of age. In 1849 he came with his family to America, settling first in Newburg township, Pike county. He there purchased eighty acres of land and for about eighteen years carried on the work of the farm, developing his place into a well improved property. He then retired from active farm life and removed to Griggsville, where he and his wife spent their remaining days. In the mean- time he added to his original possessions and in connection with his sons had become the owner of seven hundred and sixty-five acres of land in Newburg township. In their family were six children, four sons and two daughters, and with the exception of one son all are yet living, namely : Giles H. ; Edward, a resident of Pittsfield; Strat- ton, who is living in Newburg; Sarah, the wife of David Dolbow ; and Ellen R., the wife of Will Kneeland of Griggsville. Giles H. Penstone began his education in the schools of England and continued his studies after coming to America with his parents. He was reared to farm life, early becoming familiar with the duties and labors of the fields as he as- sisted his father in the operation of the home farm. He did not leave home on attaining his majority, but, like the other brothers, continued their business associations with their father and invested in land until, as before stated, they became the owners of valuable property. Through- out his entire business career Mr. Penstone of this review carried on general agricultural pursuits and lived upon the homestead in Newburg town- ship until his retirement from business life. In all that he did he was methodical and systematic, and his labors resulted in the acquirement of a handsome competence so that he is now enjoying the fruits of his former toil in a well earned rest. At the time of the Civil war, responding to his country's call for aid, he enlisted in 1862, as a member of Company H, Seventy-third Regi- ment of Illinois Volunteers under Captain James R. Davidson, a Methodist Episcopal minister of Griggsville, and at the close of his services he was under command of Captain Joseph L. Mor- gan, of Quincy, Illinois. The regiment was at- tached to the Army of the Cumberland and he was engaged in the battles of Perryville and Stone River in 1862 and afterward in the en- gagements at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, 1 62 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. the Atlanta campaign, Kenesaw Mountain, Jones- boro, Peach Tree Creek, Frankhnville, Nashville and many skirmishes. He was wounded three times at Perryville in the arm, at Chickamauga in the leg and at Kenesaw Mountain in the left hip. After sustaining his last wound and while at Springfield he acted as head nurse in the hos- pital for six months. When the war was over Mr. Penstone returned home and resumed farm work. He is now the owner of four hundred and fifty-five acres, of valuable land in Newburg township and has placed all of the improvements upon the property, which is now a splendidly equipped farm with fine buildings and modern accessories to facil- itate the work of the fields and add to the at- tractive appearance of the place. He has erected a beautiful home and his land is as rich as any that can be found in the county. When he had acquired a handsome competence Mr. Penstone retired and removed to Pittsfield, where he now has a comfortable residence. In 1867 was celebrated the marriage of Giles H. Penstone and Miss Julia E. Edom, a native of Lucas county, Ohio, born in 1840, and a daughter of Edward Edom, who came to Pike county in 1856. The father was a farmer by occupation and after devoting some years to gen- eral agricultural pursuits removed to Barry, where he conducted a hotel for twenty years, his death there occurring. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Penstone have been born two sons and four daughters : Charles H. and Edward G., who are living on their father's farm; May E., the wife of George Sanderson, a resident of Rock Island; Nettie, the wife of D. B. Welty, living in Oklahoma; Nellie, at home; and Clara M., who is a teacher in Griggsville. Mr. Penstone is a republican and has been honored with some local offices, having served as township commissioner for twelve years and as justice of the peace for four years. He has likewise been school director for a number of years and his interest in the general welfare is that of a public-spirited citizen who puts forth efifective personal effort for the good of the community. He belongs to W. W. Lawton post. No. 338, G. A. R., of Griggsville and he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He also belongs to the Con- gregational church and served as deacon and trus- tee of the church at Griggsville for a long period. Residing in Pike county from the age of eleven years he has a wide acquaintance here and his business activity and integrity have stood as un- questioned facts in his career, bringing him suc- cess and an honored name simultaneously. ABBIE A. PIATCH. Abbie A. Hatch, whose efforts have been an important factor in the intellectual development of Pike county, is a representative of one of the honored and prominent pioneer families of this part of the state, her parents being Isaac A. and Lydia (Baxter) Hatch. Her father was well known in Pike county, where his labors proved of the utmost value in the promotion of business and social progress. He was born in Hillsboro, Hillsboro county, New Hampshire, on the 13th of September, 1812, and was of Welsh and Irish descent, although the family has been repre- sented in America through many generations. More than two and a half centuries ago the Hatch family was established in Connecticut and the descendants of the original settlers remained in the old Charter Oak state until Reuben Hatch, Sr., removed to New Hampshire. One of his brothers, also leaving the ancestral state, settled in Vermont and a third in Maine. Reuben Hatch, Jr., father of Isaac Hatch, was born in New Hampshire, prepared for the prac- tice of medicine and surgery and became a dis- tinguished physician. He married Miss Lucy Andrews and they became the parents of nine children, of whom Isaac Hatch was the second in order of birth, his elder brother being Seth C. Hatch, who engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery and at the time of the Civil war of- fered his services to the government, becoming surgeon in the Sixty-second Illinois Infantry. His last days were spent in Barry, Pike county, Illi- nois. O. M. Hatch became a distinguished citi- zen of the state, prominent in republican circles. f ^/' iSAAGAHATCH PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY 165 He served as clerk of the circuit court of Pike county for eight years, and for a similar period was the secretary of state in Illinois. He was thus the associate and contemporary of many of the distinguished residents of Illinois, who regarded him in matters of states- craft as every way their peer. Retiring from of- fice he took up his abode in Springfield, where he resided until the time of his death, which oc- curred in 1893. He was, however, connected with business interests in Pike county, having extensive investments in a bank here. Sylvanus Hatch, now deceased, was a farmer of Pike county. Reuben, who has also passed away, was a merchant of Griggsville and at the time of the Civil war served as quartermaster in an Illinois regiment, his death being occasioned by disease contracted in the service. Rebecca was the wife of Alexander Starr, a merchant and politician in Griggsville. John has now passed away. Franklin, who was a farmer of Griggsville town- ship, is also deceased. Lucinda became the wife of D. B. Bush, of Portland, Oregon. In the maternal line Miss Hatch of this review is descended from Major Isaac Andrews, who was an officer of the war of 1812. He was the father of Mrs. Reuben Hatch, who died in New Hampshire. Her husband afterward came to this state in January, 1836, settling at Griggsville, where he died when more than four score years of age. Isaac Hatch, well known as a prominent and honored pioneer resident of Pike county, spent the first seventeen years of his life in Hillsboro, New Hampshire, and enjoyed the advantages of the public schools th^re but he was ambitious to acquire a still broader education and with this end in view went to Boston, Massachusetts, with a drover, thinking that in such an educational center he would have opportunity to continue his studies, but he found that a poor boy had lit- tle chance there and he had to turn his attention to something that would yield him a living. He therefore entered the employ of a gentleman who was engaged in dealing in West India goods, largely carrying on a wholesale trade. Mr. Hatch remained in Boston until 1832, when he returned to his native town and became a clerk in a gen- 10 eral mercantile store, retaining his residence in Hillsboro until he came to Illinois in 1835. From that time until after the inauguration of the Civil war his attention was largely given to trade. as one of the wealthy men of the county. His ness he closed up his accounts on account of slow- ness in collection and not long afterward he re- ceived and accepted the appointment of revenue collector, being the first incumbent in this posi- tion in Pike and Brown counties. He served for several years, discharging his duties with prompt- ness and fidelity and giving general satisfaction to his superior officers, although he met with considerable opposition in the enforcement of the law, for this section of the state was rather a hotbed of discontent during the period of the Civil war, owing to the fact that there were many southern as well as northern families liv- ing in Pike county. Mr. Hatch continued to fill the position of col- lector until 1864, after which he was variously employed until 1870, when he was urged by his friends to establish a banking business and in company with his brother, Hon. O. M. Platch, formerly secretary of state, he opened a private bank. In 1873 the brother withdrew and in July of that year the bank was re-organized as a na- tional bank with Isaac Hatch as one of its large stockholders and most active managers. He placed the bank upon a safe conservative basis that awakened uniform confidence and secured a liberal patronage. His business methods were such as neither required nor sought disguise and ne had the full trust of the general public. In business matters he possessed sound judgment, which was rarely, if ever, at fault and each step was carefully and thoughtfully made, so that he ultimately reached the goal of success. As he prospered in his undertakings he made judicious investment in property and was the owner of several farms in this vicinity, being recognized as one of the wealthy men of the county. His life was indeed a very busy and useful .one and he carried forward to successful completion whatever he undertook, so that his example is well worthy of emulation, showing the force and value of industry and integrity as active and es- sential factors in a prosperous business career. i66 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Mr. Hatch never sought nor desired pubhc office, nor did he ever belong to any secret soci- ety. He preferred to give his undivided atten- tion to his business affairs, regarding such in- terests as abundantly worthy of his best efforts, 3'et he was never remiss in the duties of citizen- ship and co-operated in many measures for the general good, but preferred to do his public serv- ice as a private citizen. In early manhood he wedded Miss Lydia Bax- ter, a native of New Hampshire, in which state their marriage took place in 1840. Her father was Jonathan Baxter and further mention is made of the family in connection with the his- tory of John F. Flatch on another page of this work. Mrs. Hatch is an estimable lady of su- perior culture and refinement. By her marriage she had two children who reached adult age, Abbie A. and John F., while George died in in- fancy. The parents were members of the Con- gregational church in Griggsville and took a most active and helpful part in its work. Mr. Hatch was ever a student of the signs of the times, noted the trend of events and held firm opinions con- cerning the expediency and value of any meas- ure which was introduced for the public good. He never faltered to uphold a course which he believed to be right nor condemn one which he believed to be wrong and his labors proved an important element in the substantial progress and upbuilding of Pike county. He left the im- press of his individuality for good upon the pub- lic welfare and did much toward molding public thought and opinion. Miss Abbie A. Hatch, his only daughter, ac- quired her early education in the public schools and when a young lady of seventeen entered the State Normal School at Normal, Illinois. After finishing her studies at this place she returned home and began teaching in Pike county. Soon after, however, she went to Cairo, Illinois, where she engaged in teaching for four years and then returned to Griggsville, where she taught school for fifteen or twenty years, having the ability to impart clearly and readily to others the knowl- edge that she had acquired. She did much toward elevating the standard, of public instruc- tion in this county and her efforts were of value in the promotion of the school interests of Griggsville. She added to her own knowledge through travel, making many trips with her par- ents through the east and on various occasions visiting their old home in New Hampshire. She has also attended the Chautauqua assemblies at Chautauqua Lake, New York, on different occa- sions and the Bay View assemblies near Petoskey, Michigan. She has twice gone to California, vis- iting the various pioints of historic and scenic in- terest in the valleys and through the mountain dis- tricts of the far west, has also made three trips to Colorado, has visited Salt Lake and also traveled northward through Minnesota and Wisconsin. She has likewise gone to the northwestern portion of the country, journeying as far as Tacoma and, suiting her pleasure and convenience, has stopped oft' at various places en route to the west or upon the eastern trip. She is eligible to membership in the society of the Daughters of the Revolution both in the paternal and maternal line. Deeply interested in educational work, she has ever been zealous and conscientious in her efforts as a teacher and the efficiency and value of her labors is acknowldged by many who have come under her instruction. CAPTAIN GEORGE BARBER. Captain George Barber, the owner of five hun- dred acres of valuable and well improved land in Pike county, and a resident of Pittsfield, was born in this county in 1844, his parents being Austin and Caroline (Johnson) Baiber. The father was born in Ohio in 1809, while the mother's birth oc- curred in Missouri, but both are now deceased. They came to Pike county in 1833, and Austin Barber conducted a general mercantile business in Pittsfield, being one of the first representatives of commercial interests in the town. Later he sold out and invested in land, entering his first farm from the government, but to this he added from time to time as his financial resources in- creased until he owned more than one thousand acres, five hundred acres of which lay in Pike county, while the remainder was in adjoining PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 167 counties. He retained possession of this exten- sive property up to the time of his death, although he largely resided in Pittsfield. His business ca- reer was characterized by integrity, honor and industry and was well worthy of emulation. In community affairs he was actively and helpfully interested and served for four years as county clerk. He was a stanch republican, prominent in the local ranks of the party and both he and his wife were devoted members of the Christian church. In his family were three sons, all of whom are living: Levi, who resides in Mc- Donough county, Illinois ; George, of this review, and Austin D., who is living in Hancock county and is president of the state board of agriculture. He is likewise very prominent in political circles. Captain Barber pursued his education in the common schools of Pittsfield and when eighteen years of age enlisted in the United States army as a member of Company A, Ninety-ninth Regi- ment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was a non- commissioned officer and served for three years, campaigning in Missouri, after which he went to Vicksburg, subsequently to Texas and later to Mobile, Alabama. He participated in the battles of Magnolia Hill, Black River Bridge, Champion Hill, Jackson and the siege at Vicksburg from the 28th of April until the 4th of July, 1863. His regiment led the charge of Vicksburg, where one- third of its number were killed and wounded. The last engagements in which he participated were at Mobile, Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort. After being mustered out Captain Barber re- turned home and for twelve years was engaged in the cultivation of one of the farms owned by his father. He then came to Pittsfield, where he engaged in the grocery business for ten years, and during most of the time since he has acted as deputy postmaster, which office he is still fill- ing. He has been a member of the National Guard for seventeen years, and when the Spanish- American war was inaugurated he once more offered his aid to his country, enlisting in Com- pany A, Fifth Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was first lieutenant and was trans- ferred to Company B, after which he was pro- moted to the captaincy. He enlisted in Spring- field, was sent to Chickamauga Park and thence to Newport News, where the regiment took pas- sage on the transport, but just about that time peace was declared and they returned to Lex- ington, where they were mustered out. Captain Barber was married in 1866 to Miss Mary Frances Hicks, a native of New York, now deceased. They were the parents of two children : Charles, who is a bookkeeper in the First Na- tional Bank in Pittsfield, and T. H., who is con- nected with the Deaf and Dumb Institute at Jack- sonville. For his second wife Captain Barber chose Leona Binns, who was born in Pike county and is a daughter of E. F. Binns, now deceased. He was prominent in political circles here and served as county clerk for one term. Captain and Mrs. Barber occupy a fine home in Pittsfield one block south of the courthouse square, and in addition to this property he owns five hundred acres of valuable and productive farm land, well improved, and is associated with his son in the superintendency of this farm, where- on they are engaged in the raising of fine Here- ford cattle. In his political views Captain Barber is a stalwart republican and for several terms has served as supervisor of Pittsfield township. He belongs to Dick Gilmore post. No. 515, G. A. R., and both he and his wife are members of the Qiristian church. His entire life has been passed in Pike county and he has therefore been a wit- ness of its growth and development through more than six decades. His acquaintance is wide and tavorable for his strong and salient characterist- ics in financial, political, official and social circles have hfen such as to gain for him the warm re- gard and friendship of those with whom he has come in contact. JOHN WEBER. John Weber, receiver for the Exchange Bank of Barry, is a native of St. Louis, Missouri. He is a son of John and Margaret (Meis) Weber, both of whom were natives of Germany. They emigrated to America in 1841, settling in Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, whence they afterward went to St. Louis, Missouri, where their son John was 1 68 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. born. In 1844 they removed to Adams county, Illinois, where the father rented a farm for two years and then purchased the property which was located in Beverly township. There he carried on general agricultural pursuits until within a few years of his death, his last days, however, being spent in honorable retirement from further labor. He made his home with his children and died in Adams county in 1886. Both he and his wife were earnest and upright Christian people, hold- ing membership in the Lutheran church, in which faith they had been reared. In their family were four children and the mother is still living, now making her home with her son John. It was during his infancy that John Weber was taken to Adams county, Illinois, where he was reared in the parental home amid pioneer scenes and environments. , He attended school in a prim- itive frame building where the seats were made of split logs resting upon wooden pins. He be- gan work upon the farm when a small boy and at the age of twenty-one years he left home and turned his attention to the profession of teaching, which he followed for two terms. He afterward clerked for one season in a store and later he opened an establishment of his own in Kingston, where he engaged in business for two years. At the end of that time he sold out there and with his brother-in-law purchased the flour mill in that town. Six years later he disposed of his interest in the mill and was engaged in teaching through two terms of school. In June, 1877, Mr. Weber came to Barry and in the fall of that year purchased the Empire House, which he managed for three years. After dispos-ing of his hotel interests he traveled for a few months in the west and on his return pur- chased a grocery store in Barry, which he con- ducted for six years. He then sold out and be- came proprietor of a warehouse, being thus identi- fied with the business interests of the city for some time, while at the present writing he is receiver for the Exchange Bank. Mr. Weber was married in 1867 to Miss Rosa Perkins, a native of Adams county, Illinois, and a daughter of B. C. and Isabel (High) Perkins. Unto this union have been born four children : Ralph K., Harry, Nettie and Cora. In his po- litical views Mr. Weber is a republican and for six years served as a member of the city council. He has also been a member of the school board antl was township supervisor of Barry township. JOHN G. McKINNEY, M. D. Dr. John G. McKinney, who in former years, was actively engaged in the general practice of medicine, but now confines his attention largely to office and constdtation practice in Barry, is classed with the prominent and representative citi- zens of Pike county, the qualities of his manhood, aside from his professional ability, winning for him public regard and favor. A native of Ohio, he was born in Cadiz, Harrison county, December 27, 1835. The family is supposed to be of Scotch lineage. It is definitely known that the great-grandfather was a sea captain, who for some years resided on the Isle of Man. He was lost at sea with his ship. His son, George Mc- Kinney, however, grandfather of our subject, was born in Ireland and spent the days of his boyhood and youth in that country. He was also married on the Green Isle of Erin and with his first wife came to the United States, establishing his home in Harrison county, Ohio, at an early epoch in its history, remaining a resident of that locality up to the time of his demise. He was a tailor by trade. By his first marriage he had one son, William, and by his second marriage had four sons who reached adult age, John, George, Fryar and James. The last named was the father of Dr. McKin- ney of this review. He was probably born in Ohio, and at all events he spent the period of his youth in that state, where he learned and fol- lowed the trade of a carpenter and joiner, con- ducting business at Cadiz until 1837, when he emi- grated westward to Illinois, accompanied by his wife and five children. The journey was made by way of the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers, and they landed at Phillips' ferry, the present site of Valley City. James McKinney chose as a lo- cation a tract of land about a mile southwest of Griggsville, which at that time was a small village Dr. JOHN G. McKINNEY PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 171 containing^ hut one or two houses. The entire county showed every evidence of frontier life for there were no railroads and the work of develop- ment seemed scarcely begun. Only here and there had a little clearing been made to indicate that the work of improvement had commenced, which in due course of time produced a wonderful trans- formation in the appearance of this part of the state. Much of the land was still in possession of the government but as James McKinney had in- sufficient capital for the purchase of property, he rented land for three years. He then received from his father some money and he entered a tract of land from the government for his two sons, George W. and John G. McKinney, this tract be- ing located in what is known as New Salem township. He built thereon a hewed log cabin covered with rived shingles, which was consid- ered the best building in that section of the county at that time. Mr. McKinney continued to carry on building operations most of the time, but when not thus engaged his attention was given to the cutlivation and improvement of his land on which he lived for about ten years. He then purchased an improved tract of land about two miles north- east of Baylis, making his home thereon until about 1864, when he became a resident of Sardorus township, Champaign county, Illinois, having sold his property in Pike county. Following his re- moval he invested in a tract of prairie land upon which only a few improvements had been made. He continued its further cultivation tintil 1877, when he established his home in Plainville, Adams county, Illinois, purchasing a home there, and afterward buying lots and building a house, which remained his home until his death. His wife then bore the maiden name of Mary Orr and was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of James Orr. Mrs. McKinney was one of the worthy pioneer women, did the work that usually fell to the lot of wives, mothers and daughters of the frontier settlers, cooking over a fireplace and weaving both wool and flax. She died in Champaign county, Illinois, at an ad- vanced age. In the family were seven sons and two daughters. Dr. McKinney was only two years old when brought by his )arents to Pike county and in his youth he pursued his studies in one of the old- time log schoolhouses. In the end of the room was a large fireplace and the seats and other equipments of the little "temple of learning" were very primitive. The larger pupils wrote their "copy" upon a desk made bv placing a board upon wooden pins driven into the wall. As his age and strength permitted Dr. McKinney aided in the work of the home farm, continuing to reside thereon until his marriage. Fie afterward began farming on his own account, following that pur- suit until 1 86 1, when failing health caused him to turn his attention to other labor. Taking up the study of medicine, for which he seemed to possess a natural predilection, he entered upon the practice of his profession at Pleasant Hill in 1863. After a year he removed to Rock- port, where he spent three years, and in 1867 he located for practice at Kingston, Adams county. He made further preparation for his chosen call- ing by study in Rush IMedical College, of Chi- cago, from which he was graduated in 1868, after which he returned to Kingston, there residing until 1875, when he came to Barry. Here he rented a house and established a sanitarium and in 1885 he built a commodious and well arranged frame building for sanitarium purposes. In the conduct of this institution he met with success and at the same time performed a valuable serv- ice for his fellowmen. For some time he was as- sociated with his brother George W., and they ever maintained a foremost place in the ranks of the medical fraternity. Always ambitious to broaden his knowledge and promote his efficiency. Dr. McKinney, of this review, pursued post- graduate work in the medical department of the Northwestern University and in 1883 was a post- graduate student in Rush Medical College, and later in a polyclinic in New York city, his certifi- cate from that institution bearing date of 1887. Two years later he went abroad and acquainted himself with modern methods abroad in the prin- cipal hospitals of London, Berlin, Paris, Vienna and Dublin. His practice constantly increased in volume and importance and he was accorded a position of prominence among the representative physicians of western Illinois. In more recent years, however, he has largely retired from the 173 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. active work of the profession and is now giving his attention only to office and consultation prac- tice. He has kept abreast with modern scientific research and investigation through his member- ship in the State JMedical Society and the Missis- sippi Valley Medical Association. Dr. McKinney was first married in 1856 to Miss Elizabeth Boulware. a native of Pike county and a daughter of Daniel and Christina Boulware, pioneer residents of this locality. She died in June, 1861, and in November, 1863, Dr. Mclvin- ney wedded Malinda Vining, a native of Adams county and a daughter of Abner Vining. There have been three sons born of this marriage and there were two children by the first marriage : Hardin W., who married Martha Chamberlin ; and Mary E., the wife of Professor R. W. Iven- ady. Of the sons of the second marriage, James A. spent four years at the Illinois State Normal School and four vears at Rush Z\Iedical College, from which he was graduated. He was also for four years a student in a medical school in Louis- ville, Kentucky, of which he was an alumnus. He died at Grand Valley, Colorado, where he was practicing at the time of his death. George B. is a resident of Barry, where he is engaged in the practice of dentistry. Jerome is now living at home. In 1902 Dr. McKinney was called upon to mourn the loss of his second wife, who died in that year. On the 1 8th of February, 1903, he wedded Mrs. Electa Henrv. Dr. McKinney sold his sanitarium in 1898 to Dr. Charles E. Beavers, after which he removed to Ouincy, but when two years had passed he re- turned to Barry. For sixty-eight years he has lived in Pike county, and has long been recognized as one of its most valued and representative men. In addition to his practice he is connected with other business interests, being a stockholder in the Excliano-e Bank at Barry. He has deeded all of his real estate over to the bank trustees for the benefit of the depositors, for such is his ideal of honesty and business integrity. His advance- ment in life is attributable entirely to his own ef- forts. He was depenrlent upon his own labors for his education and he resolved that he would pro- vide his children with good advantages in that direction and has done so. He is a liberal man in public afifairs and has contributed generously to movements for the public good. An exemplary member of the Masonic fraternity, he joined the order in New Salem in 1861, and is now connected with Barry lodge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M. ; Barry chapter. No. 88, R.A.M.,; Ascalon commandery, No. 49, K. T., at Pittsfield, which was chartered October 3, 1876, and of which he is a charter member. He also belongs to the Methodist Epis- copal church and his life has ever been actuated by high and honorable principles and his entire career has been in harmony with those traits of character which ever command respect and re- gard. His work has been of benefit to his fellow men as well as a source of profit to himself and he is to-day numbered among the valued and repre- sentative citizens of Pike countv. lOHN F. HATCH. John F. Hatch, dealer in lumber and coal at Griggsville. was born in Hillsboro, New Hamp- shire, on the 5th of January, 1850, a son of Isaac A. and Lydia (Baxter) Hatch, both of whom were natives of Hillsboro. The father was born September 13, 1812, and his life record continued until February 7, 1896. He was married in Hillsboro, October 6, 1840, to Miss Lydia Baxter, who was born October 11, 1814, and they became the parents of a son and daughter, the latter being Abbie A. Hatch, who was born March 3, 1842. In 1835 the father came to Illinois, settling in Pike count}^, but in 1840 returned to New Hampshire, and it was on the 6th of October of that year that he was married. He afterward started with his wife for the west, traveling by team to Boston, jMassachusetts, and on by way of Pennsylvania to Illinois, making the journey by canal and teams. At length he reached Pike count}' and he and his brother, Hon. O. M. Hatch, first purchased two sections of wild land near Griggsville. They also bought timber land at Milton, about two miles from Chambersbnrg, and built a saw and grist mill at that point and also erected a large storehouse. They conducted the milling business for a number of winters and also broke wild prairie land in Griggsville town^ PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 173 ship, converting it into cultivatable fields. Isaac Hatch here carried on farming for about thir- teen years and then in 1862 built a fine liome in the city of Griggsville, where his widow and daughter are now Hving. She has made her home in this residence for forty-three years and now in her ninety-first year is enjoying good healtli, being a bright and active woman, happy in many pleasant memories of the past. In 1861-2 Mr. Hatch served as revenue collector, and in 1873 he and his brother, O. M. Hatch, organized the Griggsville National Bank. Previous to this time his brother had served as secretary of state of Illinois and was a prominent factor in political circles in the state for many years. Isaac Hatch became cashier of the new bank and continuously filled the position until within two years of his death, when failing health caused him to retire. In politics he voted for the candidates whom he considered best qualified for office regardless of party affiliation. He belonged to the Congre- gational church and his efforts were a factor in the material, intellectual, social and moral prog- ress of the community. The Hatch family is one of the most prominent in Pike county and the family name is inseparably interwoven with its history from pioneer times down to the present. John F. Hatch was a young lad when brought by his parents to Pike county and in the schools of Griggsville acquired his early education, which was supplemented by study in Princeton, Illinois, and by a course in Cornell University. In early manhood he was married, on the nth of March, 1873, to Miss Jenetta Vose, who was born Sep- tember 8, 1852, in Danbury, New York, her parents being Marcellus and Phebe (Montgom- ery) Vose, both of whom were natives of the Empire state, the father dying when sixty years of age and his wife when fifty-five years of age. They were married in the Empire state and came to Pike county, Illinois, in 1874, locating first on a farm near Griggsville. Sub- sequently they became residents of Liberty, Adams county, Illinois, and Mr. Vose died in that county. Their children were Sarah, Mrs. Hatch, Fannie, William and Frank. Following the completion of his education in Cornell University Mr. Hatch returned to Griggs- ville and began farming, which pursuit he fol- lowed until 1890, when he purchased the lumber and coal yard of the firm of Button & Benson, and has since carried on business in this city with a patronage that is indicative of his straight- forward methods and the confidence reposed in him by the general public. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hatch have been born four daughters : Nettie May, who was born April 15, 1874, and is a wife of Harry N. Capps, a resident of Jacksonville, Illinois; Stella M., born February 17, 1876; Julia Edna, born December 18, 1878 : and Ethel Blanche, who was born November 24, 1880, and is the wife of William S. Sanford, a resident of Chicago. The wife and mother died August 23, 1893. Mr. Hatch has been a member of the city council of Griggsville, to which position he was elected ■on the republican ticket. He belongs to the Con- gregational church and is a worthy representative of an honored pioneer family, his record being in harmony with that of the representatives in the previous generation — his father and uncle, who made a most creditable record in the various departments of life into which their activities were directed. Mr. Hatch is now closely con- nected with the commercial interests of Griggs- ville and his careful management of his business and well directed labor are bringing him the success which is the reward of active labor. JAMES H. CRANE. James H. Crane, now living retired but for many years a leading factor in public life and the business activity of Pittsfield and Pike county, was born in Scott county, Illinois, July 25, 1832, a son of Samuel L. Crane, a native of Weather- field, Connecticut. Leaving New England he removed to Kentucky, where he was married, and in 1824 he took up his abode in Scott county, Illi- nois. He was a tanner by trade but lost an arm and afterward gave his time and attention largely to the conduct of a hotel. He was proprietor of the Union Hotel of Pittsfield at the time of his death and for a long time was postmaster of the city, proving a competent and popular official. 174 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. In his family were five children, of whom two sons and two daughters are yet living: William, who is a miner in Utah ; James, of this review ; Mrs. D. W. Hyde, a resident of Pittsfield ; and Delia Crane, wdio is also living in this city. James Crane, at the usual age, began his edu- cation as a pupil of Jon Shastid, of Perry, but largelv acquired his education in the public schools of Pittsfield. He afterward learned the printer's trade with George W. Smith and followed that pursuit for some time, being to-day the oldest printer in Pittsfield. He afterward became the assistant of his father in the postofiice and re- mained with him until after the inauguration of the Civil war, when, on the 23d of August, 1861, he enlisted as a member of Company G, Xinety- ninth Regiment of Illinois Infantry, with which he served for six months. He then returned home in Februarv, 1862, having been honorably dis- charged by reason of disability occasioned by in- juries received in the arm)^. The only important battle in which he participated was at Hartsville, Missouri. He held the rank of first lieutenant. Following his return home Mr. Crane entered the office of the circuit clerk as assistant to George Jones, who was afterward secretary of state and died in Springfield. Mr. Crane served in the cir- cuit clerk's office until the following election, when he was chosen circuit clerk by popular suffrage, filling the office for four years, after which he was deputy clerk under George W. Archer and oth- ers. He was connected with the office altogether for about sixteen years and he was also post- master of Pittsfield for four years under the ad- ministration of President Cleveland. He has since filled the office of justice of the peace for three years, but is now living retired. He has in his possession the old desk which was in the circuit clerk's office in 1856 and which he used when employed there as deputy. Mr. Crane was married November 6, 1856, to Miss Emma Fisher, of Clermont countv, Ohio, who came here with her uncle. Judge Ward, about 1854. Mr. and Mrs. Crane became parents of one son, Samuel Crane, who is now in the office of the Pittsfield Abstract Company. He married Leo Rathburn and they have two children, Cath- erine and Josephine. In the year of his marriage Mr. Crane built a home in the west part of the city which he oc- cupied until 1880, when he sold that and pur- chased his present fine home within six blocks of the courthouse square. He also owns several business blocks and is well-to-do, having made judicious" investment in property which yields him a good return. He belongs to the Methodist church, his wife to the Episcopal church, and in the city where they have so long resided they have many warm friends. They have now traveled life's journey together for almost fifty years. In his fraternal relations Mr. Crane is a Mason and Knights of Pythias and also belongs to post No. 515, G. A. R. He has been a member of the Ma- sonic order over fifty years. His political alle- giance has always been given the democracy. For many years the name of Crane has been associated with public service in Pittsfield, as represented by father and son, and in this, as in other connec- tions, has ever been a synonym of honor and of- ficial integritv. WILLIAM ARTHUR GRIMSHAW. William Arthur Grimshaw, of Pittsfield, now numbered among the honored dead of Pike county, was born June I, 1813, at Navin-on-the- Pioyne, County Meath, Ireland. His father was of English parentage but was born near Belfast, Ire- land. He emigrated to the United States in 1815 and landed from a neutral vessel, bringing to the city of Charleston, South Carolina, the first news of the treaty of Ghent. Charleston was the birth- place of Harriet Milligan, who was the mother of William A. Grimshaw. Her father was Captain Milligan, a native of Ireland, who w^as residing in South Carolina at the beginning of the Amer- ican Revolution. Espousing the cause of the colonies, he entered the American army to aid m the struggle for independence and served in the Pennsylvania line throughout the war. The mother of William A. Grimshaw was educated in the city of Chester, England, and for many years after her marriage she was the principal of a large female seminary in the citv of Philadelphia. The father of William A. Grimshaw was a member of WII^IvIAM A. GRIMSHAW PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 177 the Philadelphia bar, made his home in that city and also spent considerable time at Harrisburg. For thirty years he was recognized as an author of much celebrity. His histories of the United States and England and his Etymological Dic- tionary — a work of much erudition — were in high repute and proved a gratifying source of remu- neration to tha author. Captain Milligan, the ma- ternal grandfather of Mr. Grimshaw, was an original member of the Cincinnati Society, of which General George Washington was the presi- dent. . William A. Grimshaw was educated in the city of Philadelphia and read law in the office of the eminent attorney, David Paul Brown. He be- longed to a family of patriots and educators. His grandfather was a Revolutionary officer ; his brother. Dr. James Grimshaw, was a surgeon in the ^Mexican war, being commissioned by James K. Polk in 1848, after which he went to Mexico with General Scott: hisbrother.Dr. Arthur Grim- shaw, was a colonel of the Civil war ; and his son, William A. Grimshaw, Jr., then a lad of eighteen jrears, served as a private soldier in the Fifth Illi- nois Infantry Regiment in the Spanish-American war. His father was author of many textbooks and other literary works and his mother was prin- cipal of a seminary for young ladies at Philadel- phia, while his sisters, Charlotte and Isabella, with their brother, Dr. Arthur Grimshaw as lecturer and business manager, owned and conducted — until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion — the Hannah Moore Seminary for Young Ladies at Wilmington, Delaware. Dr. Arthur was county superintendent of New Castle county, Delaware, and served on the school board of Wilmington, of which he also acted as president. He was in- tenselv interested in educational matters and did everything in his power for advancement along such lines, although he had a large medical prac- tice. William A. Grimshaw was an active mem- T)er of the Pittsfield school board and was in of- fice when the beautiful East school building was -erected in 1864-5, continuing on the school board for many years. He has a brother, Robert Grim- -shaw, a scientific ingenteur and critique, now and for a number of years residing in Germany, and a sister living in Kentucky. At the early age of nineteen years Mr. Grim- shaw was admitted to the bar and was licensed as attorney at law by the district court for the city and county of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1832. Pie then came to Illinois, then the far west, upon the responsible errand of locating and paying taxes on the large body of land owned by his father, comprising many quarter sections of the bounty lands in the northern counties of the mili- tary tract. He lived at Atlas for a time and was appointed adjutant of the Seventeenth Regiment of the Illinois Militia under the old military sys- tem. Colonel Benjamin Barney, commanding. On the 25th of November, 1833, he was licensed to practice as an attorney and counselor at law in all the courts of law and equity in the state of Illinois by Samuel D. Lockwood and William Wilson, justices of the supreme court of the state of Illinois. He was licensed to practice in the circuit court of the United States for the dis- trict of Illinois on the 19th day of December, 1839. He removed to Pittsfield, Pike county, in 1833, and here resided until his death. He was commissioned public administrator of Pike county by Governor Reynolds and was a member of the bar of the county for sixty years in active prac- tice. In a history of Pike county that was pub- . lished in 1880, is the following: "William A. Grim.shaw, the oldest practicing attorney of the countv, ranked as one of the leading lawyers of the state, was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the age of nineteen years. In 1833 he came to this county, since which time he has been actively identified with every public in- terest of the county." He was always a willing and full tax-payer. His property, under one continuous ownership by taxation and his purse by donation for over a half centurv have con- tributed generously to every improvement that Pittsfield has ever enjoyed. With characteristic zeal and energy he at once took an active and sub- stantial interest in establishing schools, churches and Sunday schools. He was also instrumental in starting a library association and became one of its stockholders. In 1847 he was chosen a mem- ber of the constitutional convention of Illinois and aided in framing the organic law of the state. The Daily Illinois State Journal of November 7, 178 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 1883. has the following under the heading, The Real Old Timers; Survivors of 1847; Proposed Reunion of the Members of the Constitutional Convention ; Promise of an Interesting Event. A praiseworthy movement has been set on foot for holding- a reunion of the surviving members of the constitutional convention of 1847 of the state of Illinois. This movement appears to have had its immediate beginning in the following letter from two old Pike county members ; PiTTSFiELD. Pike County, III., Oct. 10, 1883. To the Hons. Ninian W, Edwards and James H. Matheny, Springfield, 111. The undersigned desire to call your attention to the number of years that have elapsed since they had the honor and pleasure to meet and serve with 3'ou, as members thereof, in the con- stitutional convention of 1847. More than thirty- six years have passed away since the organization, deliberations and adjournment of that convention and the first Monday of March next will be the thirt}'-fifth anniversary of the adoption of its work by the people of the state of Illinois. Prob- ably all the members of the convention who as- sisted in the framing of the constitution of 1848 survived long enough to be gratified and honored by its adoption by the people. Some of them (ourselves among the number) have had the honor to see it last as the organic law until the adoption of the present constitution in 1870. But few of us remain. We can not call to mind more than twenty-five or thirty M'ho are now living. We need hardly add that a reunion of the few survivors could not fail to be a meeting of great interest and pleasure to each and all of them. In this view we beg leave to suggest to vou a reunion of the survivors of the convention of 1847 at the circuit courtrooni in Springfield (where the con- vention was held") on some day, to be suggested by you, during the ensuing winter. Please let us hear from you as soon as convenient and give us some suggestions as to the ways and means of notifying the survivors and securing their re- union at the time and place indicated. Yours truly, AV^r. R. Archer. W^r. A. Grimshaw. The editor says, "In some respects the conven- tion here referred to was one of the most impor- tant bodies ever assembled in the state and its- work practically started the march of steady civil progress which has resulted in the greatness to- which the state has attained." Under the caption of "Pioneers of Progress," the Daily Illinois State Register of Springfield,. January 3, 1884, gives a history of the convention with short historical sketches of the survivors. It says : "William A. Grimshaw, one of the three surviving delegates from Pike county, was born in Ireland in 1813. His father, William Grim- shaw, was a distinguished historian and his mother, Harriet Milligan Grimshaw, a daughter of James Milligan, a captain of the Pennsylvania line in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Grimshaw was educated in Philadelphia and admitted to the bar at the early age of nineteen years. He came to Illinois in May, 1833, where he has since re- sided. In 1840 he made an unsuccessful candi- dacy for the legislature on the whig ticket, but the vigorous campaign which he made in August resulted in giving the county to Harrison in No- vember. When in the convention, although his party was in the minority, he took a prominent part in its deliberations and was the author of the anti-dueling clause incorporated in the constitu- tion. In 1848 he carried his own county for the legislature, but the vote of Calhoun county de- feated him. He was in the Decatur convention in i860, also in the state convention of 1864 and was a delegate from the ninth Illinois district to the Baltimore national convention of 1864, which nominated Lincoln the second time for president. He has been in the active practice of his profes- sion (the law) for over fifty years and enjoys the confidence and respect of a large and lucrative clientage. He is at the present time the attorney for the Wabash Railroad and the Snv levee com- missioners. He has held numerous trusteeships in various public institutions. He has been for several years a member of the state board of char- ities. In 1880 he was on the Republican electoral ticket and was the messenger to take the vote to- Washington. "In accordance with the recommendation of the senate and house of representatives of the United PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 179 States of America for the proper observance and celebration of the first centennial of our national independence on July 4, 1876, at a public meeting at the courthouse in Pittsfield the following com- mittee of arrangements and programme was ap- pointed by the action of the meeting : C. L. Hig- bee, chairman ; William A. Grimshaw, James G. Erwin, William R. Archer, Strother Griggsby, J. M. Bush, Richard M. Atkinson." The following paragraph is copied from the printed "Address of the Centenial Committee of Invitation" : "In pursuance of the power of the power of the committee they have chosen as the historian of the county for the 4th of July, 1876, the Hon. William A. Grimshaw, himself one of the earliest settlers in the county and who, by rea- son thereof, and his eminent ability, is most fully qualified for the position." Mr. Grimshaw wrote and delivered as a centenial address at the Fourth of July celebration of 1876 a brief history of Pike county. In closing he said, "It is my anticipa- tion, in the march of events, that the next centen- nial history of Pike will be offered by a lady." By his consent extracts from his centennial his- tory are incorporated in "The History of Pike County" published in 1880. A copy of his cen- tennial history is in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. This is from the pen of Hon. J. M. Bush, the able editor and proprietor of the Pike County Democrat and the publisher of Mr. Grimshaw's centennial history : "to the public. "In presenting the foregoing able and exhaus- tive centennial address it is due to the author and ourself to say that circumstances beyond our control have prevented its publication until the present time, but as it is a work of that character which will become the more valuable as time shall elapse, little harm can arise from the delay. And in this connection we deem it but just to the dis- tinguished author to append a notice of one who has been so prominently identified with the his- tory of Illinois and especially of Pike county since its earliest days — the Hon. William A. Grimshaw. He is a son of William Grimshaw, who was an early and distinguished historian of the United States and whose mother was Harriet Milligan Grimshaw, a native of Charleston, South Caro- lina, and a daughter of James Milligan, a captain in the Pennsylvania line in the American Revolu- tion, and an original member of the Society of Cincinnati, of which society General George Washington was the president. The subject of this sketch was admitted to the bar at nineteen years of age in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In May, 1833, he arrived in Pike county, Illinois, and in November of the same year received a li- cense from the supreme court of the state to practice law. In the same year he was appointed adjutant of the Seventeenth Illinois Militia, then as other regiments, mustering regularly, and as adjutant, equipped and uniformed, was ready for service with his regiment and often held with his colonel, Benjamin Barney, regimental and bat- talion trainings in Pike. Governor John Rey- nolds, unsolicited, commissioned Mr. Grimshaw as public administrator of Pike county. In 1840 he ran as a whig candidate for the legislature ahead of his ticket at the August election. The vigorous campaign that he made secured to Har- rison for president at the November election a county majority of one hundred and twelve votes. At his next candidacy he was elected as a dele- gate to the constitutional convention of 1847 ^"d sat in that body, in whose deliberations and ac- tions he took a prominent part. He was the au- thor of the anti-dueling clause incorporated into the constitution then adopted. The next year, 1848, his own county gave him a majority as a candidate for the legislature, but he was defeated by the vote of Calhoun county, which then voted with Pike county. On several subsequent occa- sions, as a candidate for the senate and constitu- tional convention, he has run largely ahead of his ticket, but opposition having substantial majori- ties, he was defeated. In politics a whig and then a republican, he has at the solicitation of others been put forward as a representative of the views of his party, but has always manifested a personal independence, rarely, if ever, to be found in the party politician. As a Union man he was very pronounced in his views and devoted his time and energies, freely in support of the federal govern- i8o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ment. In i860, as a deleg'ate to the Decatur con- vention, he was for Lincoln for president and in 1864 took part in the IlHnois state convention and was also sent as a delegate of the old ninth con- gressional district to the Baltimore republican convention which re-nominated Lincoln. As a personal friend of Douglas, in war speeches he lauded him for his bold and emphatic support of the LTnion cause. At the bar of Pike and other counties and also in the supreme court of Illinois and in the L'nited States court at Springfield and Chicago he has tried many causes and is yet in very active practice ; and as attorney for the Sny levee commissioners has from the first steps as to legal proceedings in the state courts upheld the acts of the commissioners, but the supreme court of Illinois has decided adversely on the constitu- tionality of the state laws as to levees, etc. He is attorney for the Toledo, Wabash & Western and Chicago & Alton Railroad Companies and Mississippi River Bridge Company at Louisiana, Missouri. During fourteen years the late Jackson Grimshaw was in partnership with his brother, William A., that partnership ceasing in 1857. He is the owner of fine farms and takes pride in agriculture and has raised fine horses, cattle and sheep. He is a life member of the Pike County Agricultural Society and has several times been president thereof and has taken many premiums on fine stock. In the promotion of railroads and other interests in Pike he has always actively par- ticipated. As a trustee of the State Institution for the Blind at Jacksonville he served twelve years and in the last year of his service the institu- tion was rebuilt, the first edifice having been de- stroyed by fire. This service was without emolu- ment. He takes pride in having served manv years as a trustee of Pittsfield and also as a school director of Pittsfield when the large and hand- some East school building was erected in 1863-4, and for many years thereafter. "J. M. Bush, Publisher. "February 17, 1877." On Monday at four o'clock in the afternoon the bar of Pike county assembled to pay tribute to the memory of the gentleman whose name heads this article and there was a full attendance. The chairman of the committee, appointed at a former meeting to prepare proper resolutions, sub- mitted the following: "The committee, to whom at a farmer term of this court was assigned the duty of preparing and presenting to it suitable resolutions touching the death of Hon. William A. (7riiushaw, one of the earliest and most honored members of the Pike county bar, respectfully report the following pre- amble and resolutions : "Whereas, On the morning of January 7, A. D. T895, Hon. AVilliam A. Grimshaw, who became a member of this bar in 1833 and for more than half a century was prominent in the practice of his profession not only at it, but in the courts of what is known as the military tract as well as in the supreme court of the state and the federal courts, passed at a ripe old age and full of honors to that bourne from whence no traveler returns and is no longer one of our number, therefore be it "Resolved, That by his death the Pike county bar has lost one who in his mature manhood through a long and useful life was an ornament to his profession and in its practice commanded the esteem and confidence of the entire community, one who by his energA^ and zeal in behalf of his clients, his study honesty, integrity and fidelity to all trusts assumed b}^ or imposed upon him added lustre to a profession which from the earli- est ages has been foremost in the conduct of all matters tending to the well-being of a common humanity, one who imbued with a high sense of honor and regard for the majesty of the law, waged his legal battles in an open field and so conducted them as to be a foeman worthy of the steel of the highest in the profession. In fine, one the record of whose life as a lawyer stands out fair and untarnished and presents in him a bright exemplar for the emulation of the younger mem- bers of a profession he so well adorned. "Resolved, That not alone in his chosen walk of life, the law, was he distinguished and promi- nent, but in all the relations of life he was ever foremost in good works. As a member of the constitutional convention of 1847 he took high rank among the ablest in that distinguished body and rendered invaluable service in the framing of an instrument which in the wisdom of its pro- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. i«r visions was far ahead of the general spirit of the age and became a model for years for many of the new states admitted into the Union. He was the author of the anti-dueling provision which met with much opposition in a day when the code duello was largely in vogue for the settlement of personal difficulties and was urgent in the sup- port of the levy of the two mill tax, by which the credit of the state was restored and its debt of some twelve or fourteen million dollars eventu- ally paid. When the dark and troublous times that preceded the breaking out of the internecine strife for the perpetuity of the Union first ap- peared his patriotic spirit was deeply stirred and with that zeal and ardor which were among his marked characteristics he engaged earnestly and vigorously in the upholding of the flag of his. country and rendered services in private life that would have won him distinction if performed upon the tented field, and ever during the pen- dency of that terrible struggle was the trusted friend and confidant of the federal authorities. As a member of the State Board of Charities for many years his work as such became a labor of love and he was pre-eminently conspicuous in making the various charitable institutions of the state carry out most fully and economically the noble purposes for which they were established. Into this work he entered with all his soul and that energy of purpose so characteristic of him in all that he undertook and after his retirement as a member he manifested by word and deed up to the very last the warmest interest in a matter in which all the better feelings of his nature had be- come involved. In local matters he was in full sympathy with whatever tended to the upbuilding and prosperity of this county and community, as is evidenced by his having been one of the incor- porators of the Louisiana & Pike County Rail- road, a member of the school board that erected our costly East school building in 1863-4, presi- dent and director of the Pike County Agricul- tural Society, one of the originators of the Old Settlers' Society and in the promotion of these and other projects of like character he was ever active, efficient and zealous. Your committee re- spectfully ask that this preamble and resolutions be spread upon the records of this court and a copy presented to the family of the deceased and furnished to the county papers for publication. "J. M. Bush, Chairman, "A. C. Matthews, "J. D. Hess, "Committee " Mr. Grimshaw was a member of the Episcopal church, a sincere, conscientious, consistent and active Christian. His prayer was always : "Heav- enly Father give me wisdom and strength faith- fully to perform my whole duty in every relation of life." His motto was "Candide et Constanter," and he exemplified it in his life. He was very lit- erary in his tastes, a great reader, took an interest in a wide range of subjects and was well in- formed upon them. He collected a large and valuable library of miscellaneous books and was very liberal minded and generous, no worthy per- son or cause ever appealing to him for aid in vain. Although firm and unyielding where a principle was involved, giving forth no uncertain sound, in matters of mere will or pleasure he conceded much. But it was in his home that his superior qualities of heart and mind shone brightest. He was a most affectionate and tender husband and father and a true friend. W. R. WILLS. W. R. Wills, prominently known as a breeder of pedigreed shorthorn cattle, owning a fine stock farm four and a half miles west of Pittsfield, on sections 20 and 21, Pittsfield township, and also engaged in the real-estate business in the city as a member of the firm of W. R. Wills & Brother, is one of Pike county's native sons, his birth hav- ing occurred at Summer Hill, Pike county, Illi- nois, October 27, 1844. His parents were Wil- liam R. and Lucy D. (Scott) Wills. The father, a native of Herkimer county, New York, came to Illinois in 1827, while the mother, also a na- tive of Herkimer county, New York, born in Litchfield, came west in 181 8, landing at East St. Louis on the 4th of July. Some years after coming to Illinois the father purchased a farm on which he spent his remaining days. As the years passed by he prospered in his undertakings and 1 82 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. accumulated considerable property, at one time owning sixteen hundred and forty acres of fine farm land. He made a specialty of stock-raising and was extensively engaged in the stock business for a number of years. In all that he undertook he prospered, owing to his close application and unremitting diligence. His political allegiance was given to the republican party, but he was without aspiration for office. He held member- ship with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of Pittsfield, and in public affairs manifested a helpful interest. In the family were eight chil- dren, of whom three are living: W. R., of this review; Lucy, the wife of Jerome Chamberlain, who resides at Laurel, Mississippi ; and A. V. The father died August 6, 1872, while the mother survived until October 30, i8go. W. R. Wills, of this review, after attending the common schools of Pike county, prepared for his business career by a course of study in Bry- ant, Stratton and Carpenter's Commercial Col- lege at St. Louis, Missouri, from which he was graduated in 1867. Through the period of his youth he worked upon his father's farm and con- tinued as his assistant until the father's death, since which time he has owned a part of the old homestead and has always lived there. He is to- day one of the best known breeders of shorthorn cattle in this part of the state, having gained a wide reputation for the high grade and good points of his stock. He owns four hundred and eighty acres of excellent farming land on sections 20 and 21, Pittsfield township, and the place is improved with modern buildings and equipment, while everything about the farm is kept in first- class condition. In connection with his brother, A. V. Wills, he also owns eight hundred and forty acres of land on the Mississippi river bottoms. These brothers are engaged in real-estate opera- tions in Pittsfield under the firm st)rle of W. R. Wills & Brother. They give special attention to large tracts of swamp lands, sell lands on com- mission and have a large clientage in this busi- ness. On the 23d of July, 1868, Mr. Wills was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth J. Wells, a native of Pike county, born August 27, 1850, and a daughter of Robert and Mary (Jester) Wells, who came to Pike county at an early day. Her father owned a small farm here, upon which he spent his remaining days. Mr. and Mrs. Wills have become the parents of ten children, of whom eight are living : Lucy Ellen, who was born De- cember 14, 1870, was married October 24, 1888, to James O. Wilsey, a resident of Kahlotus, Wash- ington, and they have four children : Lela May, bom August II, 1890 ; Alta P., born May 3, 1892 ; Ross O., born August 27, 1901, and James 0., born October 20, 1903. Charles H., born May 9, 1873, w^as married June 4, 1902, to Anna D. Button, a resident of Pittsfield township. Isadora I., born September 9, 1877, was married in May, 1898, to Carson Tippets, a resident of Pittsfield township, and they have three children, Alva, ■ Leland and Kieth. Edgar Eugene, born April 9, 1880, now living in Scott county, Illinois, was married Ma}' 21, 1905, to Grace Fern Frederick. Clarence David, born August 9, 1882, Armine, born November 29, 1885, Mabel Ethel, born Au- gust 13, 1889, and Neva Rose, born July 23, 1892, are all at home with their parents. They lost their first born, Ida M., whose birth occurred December 14, 1869, and who died on the 2d of August, 1870. Their fourth child, Orion Ross, born January 30, 1876, was killed by lightning April 18, 1902. In his political affiliation Mr. Wills is a stal- wart republican and has served as school trustee for several years. He has always been interested in the cause of education, but has never cared for other office. He belongs to Pittsfield lodge, No. 95, I. O. O. F., of Pittsfield, and Pittsfield lodge, No. 790, A. F. & A. M., Union chapter, No. 10, R. A. M., and Ascalon commandery. No. 49, K. T. Both he and his wife are members of the Daughters of Rebekah lodge and Mrs. Wills is an active member of the Christian church'. A gentleman of broad, general culture, Mr. Wills has read widely and deeply and is a most inter- esting conversationalist. He is especially inter- ested in historical matters and genealogical re- search. His business career has been character- ized by steady progress that ultimately reaches its objective point and in the conduct of his farm, in the management of his stock breeding and in the control of his real-estate operations he has PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 183 met with .stratifying success, becoming one of the substantial and representative citizens of Pike county. ARDEN NORTHUP. Arden Northup was born in Griggsville, IH- nois, February 20, 1875. His parents were Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Northup. His hfe thus far has always been spent in Griggsville. At the age of fifteen years he entered the printing office as an apprentice and has since followed that profession. In 1903 he established the Griggsville Herald, a newspaper which ranks well in the foremost list of county papers. He is a member of Griggsville lodge, No. 45, A. F. & A. M. and also of Pike lodge, No. 73, I. O. O. F. J. I. DOSS, M. D. Dr. J. I. Doss, who since 1883 has engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Milton, where his ability and devotion to his profession have been recognized in a large and constantly growing patronage, was born in Waverly, Illi- nois, August 29, 1858, his parents being Dr. C. H. and Margaret Doss. Whether inherited ten- dency or environment or a natural predilection did most to influence the choice of J. I. Doss to a profession is not definitely known, but that he chose a life work for which nature seemed to have intended him is indicated by the fact of his success as a practitioner. His literary education was completed by three years' study in the Chris- tian University at Canton, Missouri, after which he read medicine for one year under the direction of his father. He next attended a term of lec- tures at the Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincin- nati, Ohio, and subsequently entered the Bennett Medical College at Chicago, from which he was graduated in the class of 1880, having pursued a thorough course in that institution. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession in Pittsfield, where he remained for three years, and in 1883 he came to Milton, Pike county, where he has since remained, a liberal patronage being accorded him in recognition of his thorough un- derstanding of the principles of medicine and sur- gery and his correct application of his knowledge to the needs of suffering humanity. In 1892 he pursued a post-graduate course in New York Post-Graduate College and he has continuously been a student of his profession, keeping in touch with modern scientific researches through the reading of medical journals and the books that have been contributed to medical literature and are of recognized value to the profession. Dr. Doss was married September 12, 1883, to Miss Virginia E. Luthy, a daughter of Samuel and Mary Luthy, of Pittsfield, Illinois, and they are highly esteemed in social circles of Milton, the hospitality of the best homes being cordially extended to them. Dr. Doss is a member of Mil- ton lodge. No. 275, A. F. & A. M., and of Robin Hood lodge. No. 415, K. P., both of Milton. He is an elder in the Christian church, of which he has been a member since 1876. In his profession he is connected with the Illinois State Eclectic Association and the National Eclectic Associa- tion. He is a self-made man hi every respect, and has devoted his life to a profession wherein advancement depends entireh^ upon individual ef- fort and merit, constantly broadening his knowl- edge by reading and research, which has pro- moted his efficiency year by year and in the twenty- two years of his connection with Milton has sus- tained a high reputation and enjoyed the unquali- fied confidence and good will of his fellow citizens. LOREN L. CUNNINGHAM. Loren L. Cunningham is one of the public- spirited men of Hardin township, serving as assessor at this writing, in 1906, while his activ- ity and devotion to the general good have made him a man of worth to the community. He is also an active and thrifty farmer, operating one hundred and sixty acres of land. His birth oc- curred in Hardin township, on the 2d of Feb- ruary, 1881. His father, John A. Cunningham, 1 84 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was also a native son of Pike county, first open- ing his eyes to the Hght of day in Hardin town- ship, where he was reared to manhood and ac- quired his education. In 1878 he was married to Miss Mary E. Mitchell, whose birth occurred in the same township. Her father, John W. Mitchell, was a native of Ohio and when a young man came to Illinois, where he was married to Miss Nancy E. Sitton, who was bom in Missouri but was reared in Pike county, her people having located here at an early day in the development of this part of the state. John A. Cunningham became a substantial farmer who owned and operated a tract of land of nearly one hundred acres. He improved this tract and spent his last days upon the farm, his death occurring here in December, 1881. He left a wife and two children : Lola, the wife of Charles Willard, now one of the substantial farmers of Hardin town- ship who is mentioned elsewhere in this volume ; and Loren L., of this review. The latter spent his youth in the usual manner of farm lads, living upon the old homestead and dividing his attention between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the fields. Following his father's death he remained with his mother upon the farm and later took charge of the property. He was married in Hardin township, February 22, 1903, to Miss Clyde A. Cox, a daughter of Robert Cox, a farmer of Hardin township. Mrs. Cunningham spent her girlhood days in her parents' home and is indebted to the public schools for the edu- cational privileges she enjoyed. By her marriage she has become the mother of two children, Thelma L. and Jaunita, the latter now deceased. Following his marriage Mr. Cunningham lo- cated upon the old home farm, where he yet resides, and in connection with the cultivation of this place he also operates other lands. He is a good business man and largely devotes his attention to raising good grades of stock. His labors are attended with a gratifying measure of prosperity for he is thoroughly familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and preparing his stock for the market. He has always been an earnest republican and he was appointed com- missioner to fill out an unexpired term. He was elected and is now serving his first term as asses- sor of Hardin township and the trust reposed in him is well merited as is indicated by his, faithful performance of the duties that thus devolve upon him. He is a Master Mason, belonging to the lodge at Time. One of the young men of the county, he has already made for himself a credit- able name and a good position in business circles. HON. HARRY HIGBEE. Hon. Harry Higbee, judge of the eighth judi- cial district, is a native of Pittsfield, his present home. He was born December 13, 1854, a son of Judge and Mrs. Chauncey L. Higbee. His father was a most eminent and distinguished jur- ist and a man universall)' admired and kindly re- membered. His death occurred in 1884. Judge Higbee of this review was a student in the public schools of Pittsfield until 1 87 1, when he entered Yale College, from which he was grad- uated in-the class of 1875. Following the comple- tion of his collegiate course he read law for a year in Pittsfield, atter which he spent a year in Columbia Law School in New York city. The following year was devoted to the further study of the principles of jurisprudence in the Union Col- lege of Law in Chicago, from which he was graauated in the class of 1878. Just prior to this time he had successfully passed the examina- tion for admission to the bar of Illinois, and fol- lowing the completion of his law course he spent nine months in travel in Europe in company ^v'ith the Hon. Scott Wike, thus gaining the knowl- edge and culture which only travel can bring. Following his return home Mr. Higbee entered at once upon the practice of his profession and was associated with Mr. Wike and Colonel Mat- thews under the firm style of Matthews, Wike & Higbee until 1884. Severing his connection with the firm he then went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he remained nine months, and on his return to Pittsfield at the end of that time he formed a partnership with Mr. Wike under the name of Wike & Higbee. When Mr. Wike was made as- 4X/-Ttx\.a^ cAZ-t^pO-e^jc- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 187 sistant secretary of the treasury INFr. Higbee be- came a member of the firm of Matthews, Higbee & Grigsby, with which he was connected until his election to the circuit court bench in 1897, to which office he has been re-elected, so that he is the present judge of the eighth judicial district. In 1888 he was elected to the state senate and was re-elected in 1892. He was appointed a member of the appellate court of the second district of Illi- nois in 1898, and was re-appointed in 1900 and in 1903 was appointed in the fourth district. He is also president of the First National Bank of Pittsfiekl, but otherwise has concentrated his ener- gies upon the legal profession. On the i8th of December, 1879, Judge Hig- bee w.as united in marriage with Miss Emma Hicks, a daughter of Colonel D. D. Hicks, of Pittsfield. She died July 12, 1881, and their only son died on the 3d of August of the same year. Judge Higbee has a wide and favorable acquaint- ance in the county in which his entire life has been passed and the circle of his friends is extensive. He has ever occupied a prominent position in the foremost rank of the legal practitioners of his dis- trict. His life has been one of untiring activity and has been crowned with a high degree of suc- cess, yet he is not less esteemed as a citizen than as a lawyer and his kindly impulses and charming cordiality of manner have rendered him exceed- ingly popular among all classes. GEORGE F. BAGBY. George F. Bagby, deceased, was a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Hardin township, who owned about one thousand acres of land at the time of his death, which occurred September 5, 1897. His life was one of intense and well directed activity, crowned by successful accom- plishment, as was indicated by his extensive land holdings. He was born upon the old Bagby homestead farm- in this county, May 8, 185 1, and was reared and educated here, attending the village school of Time. He remained with his father through the period of his boyhood and youth and afterward assisted in carrying on the II home farm for his mother until her death, when he succeeded to the ownership of a part of the place. (Jn the 5th of April, 1895, Mr. Bagby was united in marriage to Mrs. Eva M. Cannon, a native of this county. Her father, Franklin Ran- som, was also born in Pike count}- and his people removed from Indiana to Illinois, settling among the early residents of Pike county. The Ransom family is of English lineage and was founded in America at a very early day in the colonization of the new world, the progenitor of the line in this country having come to the new world on the Mayflower. Franklin Ransom was reared in this county and was married here to Mrs. Martha Cooper, a widow, whose former hus- band was Robert Cooper. She was also born in this county. Mr. Ransom was a soldier of the Civil war, valiantly aiding the Union cause, and later he was a farmer of Hardin township, being connected for many years with agricviltural pur- suits, but he now resides in the village of Time, enjoying a well earned rest from business cares. In his family were four children : Isabelle, now the wife of T. H. Mills, a resident of Armona, California : Mrs. Bagby, of this review ; Sarah Lou, the wife of S. C. Brown, of Los Angeles, California; and Lucy A., a young lady residing with her sister, Mrs. Bagby. Following his marriage Mr. Bagby settled upon the old homestead and remained an active and prosperous farmer of the county up to the time of his death, which occurred here September 5, 1897. He was reliable in business, energetic and ambitious, and he was carefully conducting his work along well defined lines of labor, so that his efl^orts were being attended with a gratifying measure of prosperity. Following her husband's death Mrs, Bagby took charge of the farm and business, held a public sale and paid ofi a large indebtedness. She has proved very successful in her control of business interests and although she has sold off some of the land she still retains four hundred acres and gives her supervision to its improvement and cultivation. She has built a good, neat and substantial residence and has three tenant houses and three large barns upon her farm. The place is neat and thrifty in appear- 1 88 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ance, indicating her supervision to be of both a practical and progressive nature. She employs a good foreman who attends to the work of the fields and the care of the stock, of which she raises considerable, finding this a profitable source of income. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Bagby was born a son, George Forrest Bagby, and by her former mar- riage Mrs. Bagby had a daughter, Lila Cannon. Mr. Bagby was a strong republican, but never cared for office, his time and attention being de- voted to his farm and business. He was reared in the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church and although he did not become a member of the denomination he displayed in his life many ster- hng traits of character, being a reliable as well as conscientious business man, thoroughly honest in all of his dealings. He was also loyal and progressive in citizenship and in his home was a devoted husband and father. He belonged to the Knights of Pythias lodge of Pittsfield and to the Modern Woodmen camp. Mrs. Bagby is a member of the Christian church at Time and has many warm friends in the community where she lives, the hospitality of her home being greatl)' enjoyed by those who know her. WILLIAM RILEY WILLSEY. William Riley Willsey is a representative of a prominent pioneer family and his record has been cast in harmony with that of others of the name, who has always been classed with the leading and worthy citizens of this portion of the state. He was born July 29, 1853, '^^ Pittsfield, near his present home and is a son of James Gallett and Melinda (Rogers) Willsey. The father was born in Tompkins county. New York, February 28, 1830, and was a son of Barnett and Cornelia (Kiser) Willsey, both of whom were natives of the Empire state. In the year 1837 the grand- parents removed from New York to Ohio and in 1840 came to Illinois, their destination being Gifiggsville township. Tlliere (the grandfather began husking corn receiving every fifth load as his wage. He was employed upon different farms and as soon as he had saved a little money he purchased a cow. Not long afterward he traded a team for eighty acres of land in Pitts- field township near where his son James G. Willsey now resides, but there were no settlers in the neighborhood at that time. There was some timber on the land and the uninhabited condition of the country is indicated by the fact that there were many deer and wolves in the district. Mr. Willsey first built a cabin and in a few years erected a frame house, hauling the lumber on a cart drawn by oxen. With characteristic energy he began placing his land under cultivation and in due course of time well cultivated fields were returning to him golden harvests. He remained upon the old homestead . up to the time of his death, which occurred January 31, 1859, and he was one of the leading and typical pioneer resi- dents of the community. He owned four hundred acres of land and was considered one of the sub- stantial citizens of that day. He was also prom- inent and influential in public affairs, did much to mold thought and action in his community and was called by his fellow townsmen to the office of county commissioner and school director. His political support was given to the democratic party. In his family were ten children, of whom two sons and two daughters are now living. His wife died January 10, 1889, when about eighty- five years of age. James Gallett Willsey, the only representative of the family of that generation now in Pike county, attended the common schools, but his educational privileges were very limited. He began earning his own living when only ten years of age and he has always worked hard. It was his labor that brought a capital sufficient to enable him to purchase one hundred and sixty acres of land where he now lives. He became owner of this property about 1855 and it has since remained in his possession. He cleared the land, placed all of the improvements upon the farm, now has fine buildings and in fact his property is one of the desirable farms of this por- tion of the county. He has two hundred and forty acres, having added to the original tract, and gives personal supervision to the work of the farm, the fields having been brought to a high state of cul- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 189 tivation. He is a member of the Masonic frater- nity and a Kniglit Templar. James G. Willsey was married in 1851 to Miss Melinda Rogers, a daughter of David and Fannie (Alcorn) Rogers. Her father was a son of Bart- lett Rogers, a native of North CaroHna, who re- moved from that state to Kentuclventy-seven ).-ears, but otherwise has not sought nor desired public office. In the Masonic frater- nity he has attained the Knight Templar degree. His wife is a member of the Congregational church and his children hold membership in the Christian Sunday-school. Mr. Willsey is a promi- nent and worthy representative of an honored pioneer family and his personal characteristics entitle him to representation among the leading citizens of this localit)'. He has been very suc- cessful and his prosperity has been achieved through methods and along lines that neither seek nor recjuire disguise. COLONEL A. C. MATTHEWS. Colonel A. C. Matthews, speaker of the house of representatives in the thirty-sixth general as- sembly of Illinois, and a distinguished attorney of Pittsfield, whose history is closely interwoven with the records of this city and district, was born and reared upon his father's farm in Perry township. Pike county, and as the years have gone by has become prominent locally and is likewise a well known figure in the state and nation. His parents were Captain B. L. and Minerva (Carrington) Matthews, natives of N^orth Carolina and Ken- tucky respectively. When eighteen vears of age Colonel Matthews became a student in McKendree College, at Leba- non, Illinois, having previously attended the win- ter sessions of the village school. While pursu- ing his college course he boarded in the home of Dr. Peter Akers, then president of the college but now deceased. In 1855 he matriculated in the Illinois College and was graduated in the class of which Judge Lacey and Rev. Dr. Noyes, formerly of Evanston, Illinois, and now deceased, were hers. Not long afterward Colonel Matthews en- A. C. MATTHEWS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 193 tered upon the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1857. He then located for practice in Pittsfield and was just getting well started in his profession when the Civil war was inaugurated and with patriotic ardor he responded to the country's call, enlisting in the Ninety-ninth Illi- nois Infantry. Pie was unanimously elected cap- tain of his company and went to the front at its head and was in all of the battles and in the siege immediately jjreceding the surrender of Vicks- burg. He witnessed the fall of the Confederate stronghold on the 4th of July, 1863, and in the autumn of the same year participated in the Tasche campaign. He was also in the campaign against Mobile and all of the incident battles which resulted in the capture of that city in the spring of 1865. From Mobile the Ninetv-ninth Illinois was sent up the Red river to Shreveport, Louisiana, where the Confederates under com- mand of General Kirby Smith surrendered to the Union forces. From that point Colonel jMatthews with an escort of the Sixth Missouri Cavalry was sent to the Indian Territory to receive the sur- render of the Indians under General Stand Watie, a half-breed. When this was accomplishefl, in June, 1865, he held a counsel with the civilized Indians under the direction of Peter P. Pitchlyn, chief of the Choctaws and formed a temporary treaty with them, by which they agreed to lav down their arms and return to the allegiance of the Union. - In this connection Colonel Matthews wrote the following letter which was the first an- nouncement to peace to the civilized Indian tribes (Rebellion Record, Series T, Volume XLVIII, Part II). "JoNE.s Pl.'Vnt.vtion, C. N., June 23, 1865. "Hon. Wtnchester Colbert, General and Prin- cipal Chief, Chickasaw Nation. "Sir : I have the honor to state to you that the war between the United States and the Confed- erate States is at an end ; that the armies of the Confederacy have all been captured or surren- dered to the United States authorities, and have turned over their anns and public property to the United States Government. It was my intention to have attended and, if possible, taken a part in the deliberations of the grand council at Arm- strong Academy, but the insufficient notice we had rendered this impossible. If I could have reached there I do not hesitate to say that I would have been able to have submitted to that honorable bod>' propositions looking to a cessa- tion of hostilities that would have been perfectly satisfactor)' to the delegates of all the tribes rep- resented. When this was found impossible, I deemed it prudent to hold a conference with such of the principal chiefs and men as my limited time and circumstances would allow. I have met Governor and Principal Chief of the Choctaw Nation, Colonel Pitchlyn, and Brig. Gen. Stand Watie, of the Cherokee Nation, and with them have agreed upon a cessation of hostilities, and and also for a meeting of the grand council at Armstrong Academy on the ist day of Septem- ber, 1865 ; and further, that they will use their influence with the tribes of the plains to cultivate friendly feelings with the Government of the L^nited States and their people, and that we will protect the Indians of all the tribes against domes- tic insurrection and foreign invasion, as stipulated in former treaties. I have the honor also to state and respectfully request that you will represent to your people that the Government of the United States wish to cultivate friendly relations toward the Indians of all the tribes, and have no desire to oppress or humiliate in any way any of their people, but to make at the earliest possible date an honorable and lasting treaty of peace with all of them. We desire to meet all of them at the grand council on the ist day of September, where we can have a full and cordial interchange of opinion, and when all questions can be fully dis- cussed and disposed of. In the meantime we want peace with all its blessings, to be and remain throughout the length and breadth of your beauti- ful territory. Through you I wish to convey to your people the assurance of the high regard en- tertained by our Government for them and their prosperity and happiness. "Hoping that peace may soon be the blessing of all, aftd that our difficulties may soon be ami- cably settled, I have the honor to be, very respect- fully, your obedient servant, "A. C. Matthews, "Licutcnant-Colonel, U. S. Volunteers, Com- missioner." 194 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. When his work in connection with the arrange- ments of peace with the Indians was concluded Colonel Matthews at once rejoined his command at Shreveport and at once was mustered out of service, reaching Springfield with his regiment, where he was paid off on the 17th of August, 1865. He served successiveh' as private, captain, major and lieutenant colonel and was commis- sioned colonel, but the regiment had become so disseminated by the ravages and casualties of war that he could not be mustered into the United States service as colonel, as his command num- bered too few soldiers. He was, however, bre- vetted for meritorious service during the Vicks- burg campaign after the close of the war. Returning to Pittsfield, Colonel Matthews re- sumed the active practice of law in this city and has since given the greater part of his attention to his professional duties although he has frequently been called to fill positions of public honor and trust. He was collector of internal revenue for six years, supervisor of internal revenue for the states of Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan from 1875 until the office was abolished and has been three times elected a member of the Illinois legis- lature and a speaker of the house in the thirty- sixth general assembly. His record is found upon the reports of the state legislature and won for him prominence among the leaders of Illinois. In politics he manifested a statesman's grasp of af- fairs and that he ably represented his district is indicated by his election for three terms. In 1885 he was appointed circuit judge to fill out the un- expired term caused by the death of Judge C. L. Higbee. He wfis a delegate to the national republican convention which met in Chicago and nominated James G. Blaine for the presidency. On the nth of May, T889, he received appointment from President Harrison to the position of first comp- troller of the Ignited States treasurv. In 1904 he was a Roosevelt elector and was chosen chairman of the college over which he presided at the capitol in Springfield. In addition to his other public serv- ices Colonel Matthews is now acting as president of the Illinois Vicksburg ATilitarv Park Commission, his associates in this work being Francis A. Rid- dle, Charles R. E. Koch and Floras D. Meacham, all of Chicago ; Harvey M. Trimble, of Princeton ; C. H. Noble, of Dixon; T. B. Orear, of Jack- sonville ; George S. Durfee, of Decatur ; and Carroll Moore, of Benton. A newspaper ac- count of the work of the commission said : "Up to this time the state of Illinois has made the largest provision for memorials in the national military park, which includes over twelve hundred acres of the scenes of battle and siege around A^icksburg. The Illinois appropriation to com- memorate the part taken by its volunteer soldiers at Vicksburg is two hundred and sixty thousand dollars, which far exceeds that of any other state, and the beautiful temple that has been erected will be dedicated some time next year. The Illinois Vicksburg park commission has just concluded a tour of inspection and is warranted in congratulating the state on the progress made, Illinois was represented at Vicksburg by eighty military organizations, including fifty-five regi- ments of infantry, ten bodies of cavalry and fif- teen companies of artillery, a total of eighty, or double the number of organizations from any other state, north or south. The Illinois temple of fame at the A'^icksburg park is well advanced and is admitted to be one of the finest memorials in the country. It stands on a small knoll beside the Jackson road, near the famous 'White House' of the siege, and within sixtv rods of the strongest of the Confederate redans. In the building the architect has combined features of the Pantheon and temple of Minerva Medici at Rome. The main part of the Illinois temple is sixty-two feet high and fifty-four feet in diameter, surmounted by a hemispherical dome. A doric portico thirty- two feet wide, projects fourteen feet on the south facade, with a pediment on which are sculptures emblemizing History enrolling the names of the Illinois soldiers in the campaign. On the ex- terior of the temple will be inscribed Lincoln's 'With malice toward none, with charity for all,' and Grant's 'Let us have peace.' The name of ci,-ery Illinois soldier and sailor who served at Vicksburg will be legibly placed on the bronze tablets inside, and thus be perpetuated for all time. Facing the entrance is a large bronze panel on which Illinois dedicates the temple to the memory of her soldiers in the Vicksburg struggle between PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 195 March 29 and July 4, 1863. Above the IlHnois panel will be inscribed the name of Abraham Lincoln, with that of Ulysses S. Grant on the right, and of John A. Logan on the left. Below Lincoln's name will be that of Richard Yates, the war governor. The names of other Illinois offi- cers of high rank will have a place on the same panel. On the frieze under the center of the pedi- ment of the portico will be inscribed in raised let- ters the word 'Illinois.' A cresting of eagles in- terwoven with shields adorns the external cornice of the main structure. Illinois was equal to the opportunity in providing for its Vicksburg memo- rial, and its commission has been highly success- ful in making the most of the large state appro- priation." Colonel Matthews has always been faithful to the trust reposed in him, ably discharging his duties. He has given careful consideration to his work and to each question which has come up for settlement in connection with the various offices that he has filled and has been guided by an honorable purpose and loyalty of patriotism such as distinguished his services as a soldier upon southern battle-fields. He was author of the first amendment to the constitution of 1870 known as the drainage amendment and upon this has been erected a code of laws whereby hundreds of thou- sands of acres of Illinois land have been reclaimed for cultivation. Colonel Matthews has always taken an active interest in everything tending to promote the agricultural and stock-raising inter- ests of his county and has given tangible support to many local measures which have proven of benefit to Pittsfield and this part of the state. On the 5th of October, 1855, was celebrated the marriage of Colonel A. C. Matthews and Miss Anna E. Ross, a daughter of Colonel William Ross, a pioneer of Pike county. They have three children : Mrs. Florence Lewis ; Ross Matthews, who is cashier of the Farmers' Bank of Pittsfield ; and Mrs. Helen M. Hull. As a distinguished member ~of the bar, as a statesman of prominence, as a public officer of reliability, Mr. Matthews is so well known that he needs no special introduc- tion to the readers of this volume. His career has conferred honor and dignity upon the profession and the political and civic organizations with which he has been associated, and there is in him a weight of character, a keen sagacity, a far-see- ing judgment and a fidelity of purpose that com- mand the respect of all. GEORGE T. BLACK. George T. Black, who as one of the early set- tlers of Pike county, has witnessed the greater part of its growth and development, is now living retired in Pearl. He has at different times filled various local offices and been actively connected with business interests and in all life's relations had commanded the respect and esteem of his fel- lowmen by his faithful public service and his trust- worthiness in his business dealings. A native of St. Charles county, Missouri, Mr. Black is a son of Thomas and Fannie (Price) Black. His paternal grandfather was a soldier of the war of 1812, enlisting with the New York troops and serving until the close of hostilities, at which time he removed with his family to Ken- tucky, where he was engaged in farming for a short time. He then went to St. Charles county, Missouri, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits up to the time of his death, which oc- curred in 1844, his remains being interred in that county. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Bigelow, died in St. Charles county in 1826. The maternal grandparents of George T. Black were Michael and Mary (Ryebolt) Price, both of whom were natives of Ohio, whence they removed to St. Charles county, Missouri, in 1807. There Michael Price devoted his energies to general farming and both he and his wife died in that county. Their sons, George and William Price, uncles of our subject, were soldiers of the war of 1 81 2 and afterward in the Indian wars of 1815. Thomas Black, father of George T. Black, was born in Penn Yan, New York, January 20, 1800, and was educated in his native town. When four- teen years of age he accompanied his parents on their removal to Kentucky, the family home being established near Covington, and from there went to St. Charles county, Missouri, in 1818. He there 196 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. devoted the remainder of his life to farming" and his death occnrred in 1854, when he was fifty- four years of age. Plis wife also died in St. Charles count}-, passing away at the ag-e of thirty years, in '^[^}\ 1838. lieorge T. Black assisted his father in the op- eration and improvement of the home farm in Missouri up to the time of the latter's death, and in the fall of that year removed to Rockport, Pike county, where he remained until the spring of 1B58, when he returned to St. Charles count}", Missouri, remaining there until 1862, engaged in diflerent occupations. In that year he went to Calhoun countv, Illinois, and thence came again to Pike county. At Pittsfield, the Civil war being then in progress, he enlisted in Companv C, Nine- ty-ninth Illinois A'olunteer Infantr}-, for three A^ears, and being' transferred to Company- E of the same regiment, served until the close of the war, being mustered out at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and discharged at Springfield, Illinois, Julv 12, 1865, having done his full duty as a loyal and pa- triotic soldier. On the 29th of October, of the same year, Mr. Black was united in marriage to Miss Fannie E. Long, of Pike countv, and to them were liorn eight children, namely: James W.. Clara, Char- ley T., Hattie, John W., Fannie, Walter AT. and Lee R. Of these only two are now living, James W., who is living with his father on the farm, and Lee R., who is conducting a barber shop in St. Louis, Missouri. Mrs. Black's parents were natives of Pennsylvania and removed to Pike county, Illinois, in 1836. Here they died and were buried in the Hess graveyard near Pearl. Their son, Jacob Long, was a soldier in the L^nion Army, with the Fiftieth Illinois Volunteers, and was killed at the battle of Shiloh. after which his remains were brought back to Pike countA- for burial, being interred in the Hess gravevard. Of Mr. Black's children who are dead, all were buried in the Hess graveyard except Charley T., whose remains were interred in the Alton cemeter}', at Alton, Illinois. Throughout the greater part of his residence in Pike county Mr. Black has followed farming in Pearl township, but is now living- a retired life. He draws a pension from the government in recognition of his service in. the Civil war, and his farm brings him in a good income, for the work of developn-ient and cultivation has been car- ried steaflily forward for many years until the fields are now ver_\- fruitful and productive. As the years have passed Mr. Black has been called to various offices, acting as justice of the peace of Pearl township for four }-ears ; as school di- rector of district No. 25 for five years ; and as township clerk for five }-ears. He has also been constable ; and in these various positions has dis- charged his duties with the same promptness and fidelity which he manifested wdien he followed the starry banner of the nation upon the battle- fields of the south. He has long been a resident of the com-ity, witnessing the many changes which have occurred here as the county has put off the evidences of frontier life, and taken on those of an advanced and progressive civilization. M. D. MASSIE. A[. D. Classic, of New Canton, was born in Pittsfield, Illinois, January 21, 1838. His father, John C. Massie, was a Kentuckian, while his mother, Mary (Shaw) Massie, was a New Yorker. His paternal grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war and his father was a soldier in the war of 1812. A few years of his boyhood were passed in Louisiana, Missouri, and later he was a clerk and school teacher, being thus engaged until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when, in August, 1862, in companv with nearly one thousand other Pike countv "bovs" he went to the front in the Ninety-ninth Illinois A'olunteer Infantry, well known as the Pike county Regi- ment. At first he carried a musket and knapsack but was soon promoted to the rank of first lieu- tenant and in the siege of Vicksburg was given a captain's commission. He was on staff duty with Generals Warren, Slack and Lawler and after the surrender at Appomattox, General Can- by ordered him to report to General Fred Steele at Santiago near the Rio Grande river. This was the only time in his three years' service that he was away from his regiment. M. D. MASSIE PAST AND PRESENT OE PIKE COUNTY. 199 After the close of the war Captain Massie returned to New Canton and engaged in mer- chandising and the following year, 1866, he was united in marriage to ^liss Mary E. Mbrey, whose parents were from New York and Virginia respectively. Their union was blessed with six children, Harry A.. Blanche, Bertha, Bert S., George and Nellie. Bert died in infancy and Bertha passed away just as she reached her twen- ty-first year. Captain A lassie has been an extensive traveler, having visited nearly all of the principal cities of the United States and Canada. He has been in all of the states of the Union save seven, has been in old Mexico, has seen all of the Great Lakes save one and has been at the source and outlet of the Ohio, Illinois, Missouri and Mississippi rivers. He has seen both the Atlantic and Pa- cific oceans, and has crossed the Gulf of ?^Iexico five times. A stalwart republican in his political views he was a member of the twenty-eighth general assembly in 1873 and 1874, being the first repub- lican sent to the legislature from this district under the new constitution. He was a member of the board of supervisors for four terms, held township offices at intervals for several years, was assistant secretary of the Illinois delegation at Chicago when General Garfield was nominated for the presidency and was in Philadelphia when General Grant was nominated for his second term. He was also in Chicago when James G. Blaine was nominated and witnessed the bolt of Curtis and others that defeated the "Plumed Knight" at the polls. He was also at the dedication of Lincoln's monument and at the meeting of the Amry of the Tennessee in Springfield, when President Grant, Vice-President Wilson and the most noted army officers were present and there General Custer, later the victim of the great Indian massacre, by his cool determination pre- vented a great disaster in the very crowded Chat- terton Opera House when an alarm of fire was given. Captain Massie was also a member and treas- urer of the defense committee in the great Sny levee bond suit that was in the courts for nearly ■.twenty vears and was a steadfast friend of the great levee project that in the end reclaimed over one hundred thousand acres of valuable lands and added so much to the sanitary condition of the district. He was with Messrs. Higbee, W'orthington and Hewes, a member of the com- mittee to visit Indianapolis to engage e.\- President Harrison to defend the suit in the United States supreme court. For fifty years Captain Massie was engaged in 1)usincss in New Canton and met with gratifying success for a long period but was too generous and confiding and a few years ago learned the disagreeable lesson that mankind was not all that surface indications show and his impression of the old saying "man's inhu- manity to man has made millions mourn" was extensively and indelibly marked in his particular case. He has through all of his mature years been a true friend to his town, count}' and state, and has no resentments or regrets but rejoices in the growth and beautifying processes that the old county and state have made. He is a Mason, a Grand Army comrade and several times has been president of the Old Settlers' Society and of the Ninet)--ninth Regiment Reunion Society. His attitude toward mankind in all things seems to exemplify the following lines : "Methinks I love all common things — The common air, the common flower, The dear, kind common thought that springs From hearts that have no other dower. No other wealth, no other power. Save love; and will not that repay For all else Fortune tears awav ?" S. H. SMART. S. H. Smart, who is one of the prominent farm- ers of Detroit township, owning a good property which is within the corporate limits of the vil- lage of Detroit, has in the control of his business afifairs shown keen discrimination and also capa- bility and unfaltering diligence. He has one hun- dred acres of land and his property is the visible evidence of well directed energy. He is classed with the early settlers of the county, dating his 200 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. residence here from 1853. He was born in Fair- field county, Ohio, October 28, 1837. His fa- ther, Samuel G. Smart, was born near Hagers- town, Virginia, in 1805, and was a son of Squire Smart, a native of Ireland and one of the pioneer residents of the Old Dominion. Samuel G. Smart was reared to manhood in the state of his nativity and in early life learned the blacksmith's trade. On removing to Ohio when a young man he took up his abode in Fairfield county, and was there married to Miss Eliza Rutherford, who was born in Pennsylvania, but was reared in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Smart became the parents of ten children, while living in the Keystone state. There he car- ried on a blacksmith shop and also followed farm- ing. In 1853 he removed to Illinois, settling in Pike county and worked at his trade through the succeeding winter in Pittsfield. He then took up his abode in Detroit, where he opened a shop, car- rying on blacksmithing and also purchasing and operating a farm, where S. H. Smart now resides. The place had some improvements upon it. The sons, however, largely carried on the work of the farm, while the father gave his attention to the blacksmith's trade. He spent his last years here and died in 1882. His wife survived him and was almost ninety years of age at the time of her demise. They were worthy people, honest and honorable, and enjoyed the respect of those with whom they came in contact. In their family were ten children, five sons and five daughters, of whom S. H. Smart was the fourth in order of birth. Four sons and two daughters yet survive, namely : John Smart, of this county ; S. H., of this review ; T. R., of St. Louis, Missouri ; Daniel, who is living in Haysville, Kansas ; Mrs. Mattie Culver, of Independence, Illinois ; and Mrs. Isa- belle M. Brown, the wife of George Brown, of Arkansas City, Kansas. One brother, George M., died in Missouri in 1904. The three sisters who have passed away are Mrs. Maggie Wagner, Mrs. Eliza Johnson and Mrs. Elizabeth Munn. S. H. Smart spent his boyhood days and youth upon his father's farm. He was in his sixteenth year when he came with his parents to Illinois, and assisted him in clearing the home property in Pike county. To some extent he attended the common schools, but he is almost wholly self- educated and has greatly broadened his knowledge through reading, experience and observation. In 1861 he went to California, making the over- land trip with teams, being five or six months upon the way. He stopped this side of the moun- tains and went to work at Virginia City as a car- penter, being employed about a year there. He then continued his journey to Washington terri- tory, where he spent a year in the gold mines, after which he returned to Virginia City and was en- gaged in mining there. He met with a fair de- gree of success during the two years spent at that place, after which he returned to Reese River and passed the winter at Salt Lake City. In the suc- ceeding spring he went into the mines in Mon- tana, where he remained during the summer, after which he again passed the winter in Salt Lake City, and then again made his way to the mining regions. Two years were passed there and dur- ing the second summer he was engaged in the butchering business at Deer Lodge. He after- ward returned to Salt Lake City, sold his horses and went by stage to the Union Pacific road, where in November he took a train that carried him home. Upon returning to Pike county he purchased the old homestead farm and stock of his father, and the following year he began farm- ing on his own account. On the 7th of June, 1870, Mr. Smart was united in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Hogsett, a native of Ohio, who was reared here from early childhood, having been brought to Pike county when only two or three years old. Mr. Smart since built a large and attractive residence and good barns. He has also fenced and improved his place, has planted an orchard and has added mod- ern ec[uipments and accessories that indicate a pro- gressive and practical spirit. His fields return good crops and he is also engaged in raising high grade Aberdeen Angus cattle. He formerly bred and fattened both hogs and cattle and he was also engaged in buying and shipping stock. In all of his business affairs he is energetic and far-sighted and has that force of character and determination that enable him to carry forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. Mr. and Mrs. Smart are the parents of four children : Walter J. is one of the well known PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 20 1 breeders of pure blooded Aberdeen Angus cattle in Pike county ; Edith is the wife of David Snee- den, a farmer and stock feeder of Newburg town- ship ; Rutherford B. met his death by accident while attending the State Normal School at Val- paraiso, Indiana, when a young man of nineteen years ; and Georgia died in infancy. Mr. Smart is recognized as one of the public- spirited men: of Pike county and has assisted in advancing the interests of the village of Detroit and the surrounding country as well. Politically he is a republican where national issues are in- volved while locally he votes independently. He has served as justice of the peace and police mag- istrate, occupying the positions for years, and has been a delegate to the county conventions and chairman of the township committee. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Detroit, in which he is serving as stew- ard and has held other offices. He has helped to improve and make the county what it is to-day and in Detroit township is well known for his practical and active efforts. His business career will bear closest investigation and scrutiny and he is to-day numbered with the well known and prosperous farmers and stock-raiser of Pike county. WILLIAM G. HUBBARD. William G. Hubbard, now deceased, was for many years actively engaged in general farming pursuits but spent his last days in Barry, where he lived retired. He was born in Troy, Lincoln county, Missouri, December i, 1829, and was about seventy-six years of age at the time of his demise. His parents were Eli and Margaret (Myers) Hubbard. The father was a farmer by occupation and was married three times. He was probably a native of the Carolinas. The pater- nal grandfather became a pioneer resident of Pike county, and died upon his farm in Pleasant Hill township. When a young man Eli Hubbard re- moved to Missouri, where he met and married Margaret Myers, who was probably born in Vir- ginia. He removed from Kentucky to Missouri at an early day, casting in his lot with the early residents of Lincoln county, where he worked at his trade of a millwright, and at the same time superintended his farming interests. In 1845 he returned to the Blue Grass state, and at a later date went to Texas, where his last years were spent. Eli Hubbard spent his early married life in Mis- souri, and when Pike county was still a frontier district he took up his abode in Pleasant Hill township, becoming one of its first settlers. There he purchased a tract of wild land, which he con- verted into a very productive farm, making his home thereon until his death in 1853. In that year he crossed the plains with a team to Oregon, where he again purchased land and again carried on farming. He afterward became a minister of the Baptist church and labored earnestly in behalf of that denomination until his death, which oc- curred upon the farm near Salem, Oregon. William G. Hubbard lost his mother in his in- fancy and was reared by his maternal grandpar- ents in Lincoln county, Missouri. Shortly after the death of his mother his father came to Illinois and served in the Black Hawk war ; and William Hubbard frequently made visits to this state to see his father. However, he continued to make his home with his grandparents in Lincoln county, Missouri, until 1845, when he once more came to Pike county, Illinois, and spent the succeeding eighteen months with his father. He was edu- cated in the common schools and began earning his own livelihood when about sixteen years of age. In his youth he was employed in the woolen mills at Barry and continued in that position until after the inauguration of the Civil war. Putting aside business and personal considera- tions, Mr. Hubbard espoused the cause of the Union and enlisted on the 5th of August, 1862, as a member of Company D, Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry, with which he continued until after the close of hostilities in July, 1865. He participated in many important engagements, including the battle of Hartsville, Missouri, the siege and cap- ture of Vicksburg, and also of Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort. His services took him into the states of Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas,, Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee, and he marched thousands of miles with his regiment. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. When the war was broug'ht to a successful termi- nation and victory |)crched upon the banners of the north, he was honoralily discharged in March, iS^T. and returned to his home in Barry. In 1868 he was elected to the office of county sheritT, prov- ing' quite capable and reliable in the discharge of his duties, so that he retired from the position as he had entered it — with the confidence and trust of all concerned. Following his retirement from office he purchased an interest in a woolen mill but this proved unprofitable, and he then turned his attention to farming. In 1875 he purchased a fine farm and for a long period was active in its management, having eight}' acres of land, which he l)roug'ht under a high state of cultivation, so that he annually harvested good crops. He also had a comfortalile residence there and other sub- stantial buildings, and he continued to reside upon his farm until 1905, when he removed to P>arry. In the meantime he had extended the boundaries of his property until he owned two hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive land. In April, 1867, occurred the marriage of Wil- liam G. Hubbard and Miss Sarah A. Wike, a daughter of William and Hannah (Hagy) Wike. She was born in Pennsylvania, and her parents were also natives of the Kevstone state, whence they came to Pike countv in 1848, locating at the old Shields mill on Hadley creek. Her father died in 1850, leaving a wife and four children, Mrs. Hubbard being at that time nine ^•ears of age and the eldest child. In 1862 her mother married again, becoming the wife of Jordan Freeman, and her remaining days were passed in Pike countv, where she died in April, 1881. Mr. Hubbard was an advocate of the democ- racy, and was called to several local offices, serv- ing as magistrate for a .number of terms, and also as supervisor. He was prominent in communitv affairs and his opinion carried considerable weight and influence. He was a man whose friendship could always be counted upon if it was once gained. He possessed an even temperament, kindly disposition and a genial nature, and his genuine worth was recognized by all with whom he came in contact. He belonged to Parry lodge. No. 34, A. F. & A. M., to Barry chapter. No. 88, R. A. M. and for twelve consecutive vears served as secretary of the lodge. Pie passed away on the 17th of December, 1905, at the age of seven- ty-six "\'ears, and the community mourned the loss of one whom it had come to respect and honor as a man of sterling worth. Although his privileges in youth were some- what liniited, and it was necessary for him to pro- vide for his own support from an earlv age, he made the most of his opportunities in life and by reading and observation became a well informed man. Moreover his business affairs were so di- rected that success resulted, and he left his family in comfortable financial circumstances. In all his dealings he was honorable and upright, and his traits of character made him one of nature's no- blen"!en. Mrs. J-fubbard, still residing in Barry, is a faithful niember of the Baptist church, and has ever been a great student of the Bible. A. L. KISER. .\. L. Kiser, who is one of the active and thrifty farmers of Newburg township, living on section 23, owns and cultivates three hundred and twenty acres of land in connection with his father, and of this two hundred and ninetv acres is situated in the home place, which is a neat and well improved property. Mr. Kiser was born in Newburg township, April 8, 1867, and is a rep- resentative of one of the pioneer families of the county. His father, David F. Kiser, was born in Indiana, May 17, 1841, the grandfather, Jacob L. Kiser, having come from Indiana, his native state, to Pike county at an earh^ period in the developnient of this portion of Illinois. David F. Kiser was reared and educated in Newburg township and after reaching adult age was mar- ried to Miss Janetta Williams, who was born in Detroit township and is a daughter of Madison Williams, also one of the pioneer settlers of this state, having come to Pike county from North Carolina. Following his marriage Mr. Kiser settled on a farm in Newburg township, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits for a number of vears and he now resides in Detroit. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY 203 No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for A. L. Kiser in his boyhood and youth. He was educated in the schools of Detroit, worked upon the old home- stead and remained with his father up to the time of his marriage, which was celebrated in Detroit on the 21st of November, 1888, Miss Ora Esther Sanderson becoming his wife. She is the youngest daughter of Reuben Sanderson and was born, reared and educated in Detroit. Following their marriage the voung couple be- g'an their domestice life in Detroit, where Mr. Kiser engaged in farming for two years, when in 1890 he located upon the farm where he now resides. He has since added to and remodeled the house and has put up about six hundred rods of good wire fencing. He has also made other improvements and has carried forward the work of cultivation until he has a splendidly developed property. In connection with the tilling of the soil he is engaged in feeding and raising hogs and cattle for the market and formerly also handled sheep. Mr. and Mrs. Kiser have become the parents of four children: Lorena A., Paul Wavne, Mil- dred JMarie and Lucile Bernadine. In his polit- ical views Mr. Kiser has been a life-long repub- lican and is now serving as supervisor. He served on the ferries committee of which he was chairman and he is also a member of the com- mittee on salaried offices. He has been a dele- gate to numerous conventions of his party and has served as chairman of the township commit- tees of Detroit and Newburg township. His wife is a member of the Christian church and Mr. Kiser belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Detroit, in which he has passed all of the chairs and is a past grand. He also served for two terms as district deputy and was a dele- gate to the grand lodge at one session. He like- wise has membership relations with the Mutual Protective League, a fraternal insurance order. Mr. Kiser is an industrious and prosperous farmer, a man of good business ability and of sterling character and worth. He is well known in Pittsfield and Pike county as one of its pub- lic-spirited citizens. The work which was insti- tuted by his grandfather and has been carried forward b\' his father both along lines of indi- vidual business interests and the public welfare has also been continued by him and his value and worth as a citizen is widely acknowledged. ALONZO LEONARD. To those who are familiar with the history of Alonzo Leonard it seems trite to say that he is a self-made man, whose splendid position in financial circles is attributable entirely to his own efforts, yet it is but just to say in a history that will descend to future generations that his busi- ness career is one that has excited the admiration and respect of his contemporaries, proving the ])ower of energ}-, enterprise and keen discrimi- nation as forceful factors in business life. A na- tive of Kentucky he was born in the year 1850, a son of Samuel Leonard, who in 1852 removed to Missouri, where his son Alonzo was reared. He had a charter from this state for building a levee along the river bank before the war. In his family were seven children, of whom Alonzo was the youngest. Alonzo Leonard was educated in Missouri and in 1872 came to Pike county,, where he has since resided. He worked by the month in the early years of his residence here and when he had ac- quired some capital embarked in business in Pittsfield. As the years passed by he prospered and eventually he turned his attention to the lirokerage business which he has since followed. He is now a well known capitalist of Pike county, loaning money and conducting a business that has become of considerable extent and impor- tance. On the 2ist of September, 1873, Mr. Leonard was united in marriage to Miss Caroline I. Moore, a native of Iowa, and a daughter of Robert Moore, a carpenter of Pike county, who is still living here. They have one child, Charles A., who was born July 4, 1879, ^'^d was grad- uated from Yale University in the class of 1904. He is now associated with his father. The fam- ily home is on East Washington street in Pitts- field, where they have a pleasant residence. Mr. 204 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Leonard is a member of the Christian church and in his political views is a republican. Start- ing out in life without financial assistance or in- fluence of friends to aid him he made steady ad- vancement on the road to prosperity, passing many upon the highway of life who started out more advantageously equipped. His success has been readily achieved, owing to his strong pur- pose that has enabled him to overcome difficul- ties and obstacles, his close application to what- ever task he has had in hand and his capable management. He has a wide acquaintance in Pittsfield and Pike county and is popular with his fellow townsmen who recognize his genuine worth, appreciate his kindly spirit and admire his consideration for others. MICHAEL G. BAUER. Michael G. Bauer, who is teacher in charge of the Pleasant Hill district school of Pike county, was born February 21, 1865, and is a son of George M. and Katharine (Reinhardt) Bauer, early settlers of this county. The father was engaged in general agricultural pursuits throughout his entire life, his labors being ended in death on the i8th of May, 1876, at which time he was making his home in Hardin town- ship. His widow still survives and now resides in Pittsfield. Michael G. Bauer spent the days of his boy- hood and youth in the usual manner of farm lads of the period. During the summer months he aided in the work of the fields and his prelim- inary education was acquired in the district schools near his father's home, but, anxious for better educational privileges, he afterward at- tended the Illinois College at Jacksonville for one year. In 1882 he began teaching, following that profession for several years, after which he rested for one year and then pursued his work in Illinois College. After leaving that institution he resumed teaching in Pike county and so con- tinued until 1898. In 1894 he became connected with his brothers, L. G., J. A. and W. H. Bauer, in a mercantile enterprise conducted under the firm style of Bauer Brothers, which relation was maintained for ten years... During the first four years of the firm's existence Mr. Bauer continued to teach school but afterward concentrated his energies upon the conduct of his commercial af- fairs. On the dissolution of the firm the mer- cantile stock was exchanged for a farm in New Salem township, Pike county, containing about two hundred acres of good land valued at about fifty dollars per acre. Mr. Bauer on retiring from commercial life resumed the work of teach- ing and is at present in charge of the Pleasant Hill district school. In 1898 occurred the marriage of Michael G. Bauer and Miss Minnie V. Hoover, a daughter of David J. and Amanda Hoover. He belongs to Robin Hood lodge. No. 415, K. P., of Milton, and also the Modern Woodmen camp. No. 922. He justly deserves all the praise implied in the term, a self-made man. When the father died he left an indebtedness of two thousand dollars which the sons paid off and all that they now possess has been acquired through their own la- bors. Mr. Bauer has worked diligently and en- ergetically and is known as one of the capable teachers of the county, having done much to raise the standard of public instruction in the locali- ties where he has lived. A. V. WILLS. A. V. Wills, who is extensively engaged in farming in Pike county and in connection with his sons is conducting a large drainage contract- ing business, utilizing eight dredges in the execu- tion of contracts which call him into various parts of the country, is a native son of this county, born on the 14th of February, 1849, his par- ents being W. R. and Lucy D. (Scott) Wills. The father was born in the state of New York in 1810, and when eight years of age accompan- ied his parents on their removal to Ohio, where he lived for eleven years. When a young man of nineteen in company with his younger brother, A. V. Wills, he arrived at New Orleans, where they remained for several months and upon his PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 205 return to Ohio W. R. Wills, Sr., settled in Pike county, Illinois, where he worked as a laborer for six years. In 1836 he was married to Miss Sarah M. Cowles, who was born in New Hamp- shire in 181 o. He then removed to Atlas town- ship, Pike county, where he began farming but in July of the same year his wife died. He then sold his household effects and other possessions and made a trip to the east but after eight months returned to Pike county, where he was engaged in trading in various ways until 1838. He then married Miss Lucy D. Scott, who was born in New York in 1812, and was brought to Illinois in 181 8. Following his second marriage he settled in Florence on the Illinois river, where he engaged in coopering for two years and then removed to Rockport, Pike county, where he arted as general superintendent of coopering, n-illing and pork packing enterprizes. For three years he was thus engaged and then desiring that his labors might more directly benefit himself he purchased a farm near Summer Hill, Atlas town- ship, and there engaged in general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. After six years he sold that property and bought a large and valu- able tract of land in Pittsfield township on sec- tions 20 and 21, where he resided for many years, being extensively and successfully engaged in farming and stock-raising. Difficulties, ob- stacles and disadvantages met him on the jour- ney of life but he overcame these by determined and honorable effort and eventually became one of the large landowners of Pike county. He was a man of strong purpose, unfaltering determina- tion and unquestioned honor. Throughout his life he never used intoxicants and always lived so as to win the respect, confidence and trust of his fellowmen. In the common schools A. V. Wills acquired his education and remained at home until the death of his father in 1872. He afterwards pur- chased the home place and has since resided thereon, owning two hundred and eighty acres in this tract, while he and his brother, W. R. Wills, own eight hundred and forty acres on the Mis- sissippi bottoms and A. V. Wills and his family own four hundred and eighty acres on the Illi- nois river bottom and one thousand acres in In- diana. He has thus become an extensive land- owner, having made judicious investment in property. He has always been engaged in the stock business, handling shorthorn cattle and blooded hogs and this has also proved to him a profitable source of income. The firm of A. V. Wills & Sons has become widely known as drain- age contractors. For fifteen years Mr. Wills has been engaged in this business and previously he served for fifteen years on the board of drain- age commissioners. The firm are now engaged in the operation of eight dredges, five in Mis- souri and three in Illinois and they have taken large contracts in Ohio, Indiana, Missouri and in this state, the business amounting to about two hundred thousand dollars annually. The firm are experts in their line giving special attention to the drainage of wet lands and their business has constantly grown in volume and importance until it brings annually a splendid remunera- tion. Mr. Wills was married in March, 1868, to Miss Elizabeth Halme, a native of Pike county, and a daughter of John Halme, a farmer and carpenter, who came to Illinois from England. In 1849 he went to California across the plains but returned by the isthmus route. He then gave his attention to farming in Pike county and was a large stock dealer, buying and ship- ping cattle on an extensive scale. In fact he was the largest stock shipper in the county at that time. Following his return from California he settled upon a two-hundred-acre farm in Pitts- field township but eventually sold that property and bought four hundred acres just south of it. At one time he made his shipments over the Wa- bash but they owed him three thousand dollars rebate which he found difficult to collect. He then went to the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company and contracted to ship one hundred cars but his shipments amounted to nearly two hundred cars. The Wabash Com- pany afterward gave him the rebate and he fi- nally shipped over that line again. His ambitions as a stock dealer, however, almost caused his financial ruin about 1900, when he was seventy years of age. Mr. Wills then told him there was a place at his table whenever he desired to be- 206 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. come a member of his home but he dechned to do this and went instead to Adams county, Wash- ino'ton, where he entered one hundred and sixty acres of land and besan farming'. Again pros- perity attended him and at the end of three years he returned to Pike county and paid all his debts. The increase in his land values and the products he has raised there have now made him worth about fifteen or twenty thousand dollars and at this time he is living- retired in California with one child. When he went to Washington his sons, James and Elmore, born of his second mar- riage, and his son, John, a brother of Mrs. Wills, owned land in Washington but lived in Illinois. The last named gave his father what he could raise on his land in that frontier state and one year he produced forty thousand bushels of wheat. He is now enjoying a well earned rest at the advanced age of eighty-three years. P)y his first marriage he had four children and by the second union there were six. Unto Mr. and Airs. AVills have been born nine children, who are yet living and they have lost their eldest, John R., who died in October, 1902. The others are: William, who is at home and is associated with his father in business ; Emma, the wife of Charles Dunham, living near Criggs- ville ; JMillie F., who is the wife of W. L. Cham- berlain and resides near RlufTs, Scott countv, Illi- nois ; Malinda, who is the wife of Walter Dilts, and resides at Alalden, Alissouri, where she acts as bookkeeper for her father, while her husband is an assistant of Mr. Wills in his business inter- ests in that state; E. S., who is a member of the firm of A. V. Wills & Sons, and married Ethel Ellis, their home being in Maiden, Missouri ; Lucy, Glenn, Fred and Leslie, all at home. In politics Mr. AVills is a republican but has never sought or desired office. In the Masonic fraternity he has attained the Knight Templar degree and he also belongs to the Modern Wood- men camp and the Court of Honor, while in former years he affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pyth- ias. His wife is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Wills is a man of fine personal ap- pearance, splendid business and executive ability, of keen insight and of unfailing enterprise. He has never manifested a dilatory nor negligent spirit in any department of his work but has brought to his labors great energy and persever- ance and through capable management has ex- tended his labors until the breadth of his business interests prove a splendid foundation for success and he has become one of the substantial resi- dents of Pike county. CAREY A. MAXKER. Carey A. Manker, a banker of Pearl, Illinois, was born June 9, i86i, in Darlington, Montgom- er\- county, Indiana, and is a son of John J. and Tamnson (Wright) Manker. His father, J. J. Manker, was the president of the Bank of Elliott, now the First National Bank at Elliott, Iowa, es- tablished in 1884. His birth occurred in Hills- boro, Ohio, in t8i8, and his wife was there born in 1 82 1. The father died at Red Oak, Iowa, March 13, 1895, while the mother is still living in Red Oak at the advanced age of eighty-four years. In his da\' John J. Manker was a well known tem- perance lecturer and was one of those who were influential in securing the passage of the prohi- bition law in Iowa. Carey A. Manker spent the first eleven years of his life in the state of his nativity and in 1872 ac- companied his parents on their removal to Fre- mont county, Iowa, where they remained for five years, and then went to Red Oak, the county seat of Montgomery countv, wdiere John J. Manker purchased a flour mill, continuing- to operate it until 1883, when he sold out. It was in the schools of Red Oak that Carey A. Manker ac- quired the greater part of his education, being graduated from the high school there in the class of 1882. Following his graduation he assisted his father in the mill as bookkeeper and in con- nection with other duties until the property was sold. In 1884 he became associated with his fa- ther and brother, H. E. Manker, in organizing the Rank of Elliott at Elliott. Iowa, and also the Louisville Bank at Louisville, Nebraska. Carey A. Manker took charge of the latter institution and his brother, H. E. Manker, of the bank of C. A. MANKER PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 209 Elliott. In 1887 Carey A. Manker disposed of his interests in the Louisville Bank and in partnership with C. H. Parmele and J. O. McClain established the Bank of Com- merce at Louisville and in i8gi bought the Louis- ville Bank, which became merged into the Bank of Commerce. In 1892, however, Mr. Manker disposed of his interests and until 1895 was en- gaged in a private loan business. In that year he went to St. Louis, where he engaged in the mort- gage, loan and real-estate business until i8i)8, when he came to Pearl and on July 14th of the same year established the Bank of Pearl. He is now president of the institution and jointly with B. Heavner owns the Hillview Bank at Hillview, Greene county, Illinois. He has erected a nice bank building in Pearl which was completed in August, 1905, and he is thoroughly familiar with the banking business, which he is carefully con- ducting, winning in the control of his interests a gratifying measure of success. In addition to the bank building he also owns considerable other property in Pearl and he has real-estate interests in Missouri, Texas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Virginia. Mr. Manker was married September 25, 1884, to Miss Florence Davis, a daughter of Joshua P. and Cecelia (James) Davis. LInto \h-. and Mrs. Manker have been born four children, three daughters and a son, namely: Genevieve M., who was born March 24. 1886, in Albion, Nebraska; Arthur A., born in Louisville, Nebraska, October 8, 1887: Tamnson Marie, born June 5, 1891 ; and Florence R., born in St. Louis, Missouri, Mav 4, Mr. Manker is a valued representative of va- rious fraternal organizations. He is connected with the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Court of Honor and the Mutual Protective League. In community affairs he is deeply and helpfully interested. When he came to Pearl he found the town in bad shape. 'Streets, sidewalks and almost every other public in- terest was in need of repair and improve- ment. Mr. Manker enthused others with his own desire for public advancement and progress and his fellow townsmen say of him that he has 12 done more for Pearl than any other man resid- ing here. He has labored persistently and earn- estly for the general welfare and his efforts have been crowned with a gratifying measure of suc- cess, as is shown in the improved condition of the streets and in many other departments of town life. At the same time in the management of his active business interests Mr. Manker has dis- played excellent ability, keen discernment and sa- gacity and has worked his way upward to a prominent position among the successful men of this part of the state. GEORGE D. COOPER. George D. Cooper is the owner of a fine farm in Pike county and is also extensively and suc- cessfully engaged in stock-raising. He is one of the county's native sons, his birth having occurred in Martinsburg township on the 1 6th of June, 1858. His paternal great-grandfather, George W. Cooper, is believed to have been a native of Georgia and removed from that state to Tennes- see. After a time he changed his residence to Kentucky and finally came to Illinois, settling in Morgan county, but later removed to southwestern Missouri and afterward took up his abode in Macon county, that state, where his remaining days were passed. He was one of the early resi- dents of Illinois and in the agricultural develop- ment of the state took a helpful part. A gentle- man of deep religious sentiment, he adhered closely to the teachings of the Bible and in early life held membership in the Methodist church, while later he was a firm believer in the doctrines of the Christian church. His political views were in accord with the principles of democracy. Asa D. Cooper, grandfather of George D. Cooper, was born in Kentucky and was reared in that state and in Tennessee. He came to Illinois in the early '30s, making his first settlement in Morgan county, where he remained for several years. He then removed to Pike county and re- sided in Pittsfield for a time, after which he pur- chased eighty acres of land in Martinsburg town- ship, upon which there were no improvements. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. With characteristic ener^-y, liowever, he be!2;an the development of a farm and after disposing- of that propert\- he and his l^rother became joint ])ur- chasers of one hundred and sixt}' acres of land on section 14, Alartinsljury" township, which the_\' improved to;:;'ether. Thev were associated in their farming interests for some time, but eventually Asa Cooper bought out his brother's interest, con- tinning to make the place his home until his life's labors were ended in death. In the meantime he had added to his property imtil he owned two hundred acres of land, the gi eater part of which was under a high state of cultivation and yielded to him excellent crops, so that he was enabled to add annually to his income. He was a believer in democratic principles liut was without political aspiration for office. He held membership in the Christian church, with which he was long and helpfullv identified, taking an active interest in its work. His death occurred in December, 1858, when he was fort\'-nine A'ears of age. His wife bore the maiden name of Eleanor Goodin and was born in Saline county, iMissouri, in 1818, but her death occurred in Pike county, Illinois, in 1855. She was an earnest and faithful member of the Christian church, living in harmony with her professions and her life was filled with many .good deeds and gracious acts. John IT. Cooper, son of Asa and Eleanor (Goodin) Cooper, was born where Pittsfield now stands on the 10th of October 1836, and is one of the oldest native citizens of Pike countv. ITe was reared amid the refining influences of a good Christian home and it was the aim of his parents to prepare their children to meet the practical and responsible duties of life and to win respect and confidence through honesty and well doing. He attended the pioneer schools wdiieh were sup- [lorted lyv subscription and which convened in a primiti\'e log schoulhousc supplied with r.pcti fire place, while a writing desk Avas formed by placing a slab upon pins driven into the wall. The other furniture was equally primitive and the methods of instruction \vere crude as compared to those of the present day. .Vt that time the teacher "boarded round" among the scholars and his com- mg was an event in any family, giving an intel- lectual tone to the household and at the same time ])ri)bably improving the larder, as the mistress of the home felt that her reputation as a cook and housewife was at stake. It was under such condi- tions that John H. Cooper accjuired his education. H^e ran \vell remember seeing deer and turkeys in considerable numbers in Pike county during his boyhood. He spent the winter months as a stu- dent in the public schools and in the summer sea- sons worked upon the home farm until eighteen years of age, when he started out in life on his own account, being employed first as a farm hand. When he attained his majorit\- he was married and located upon a rented farm, thus carrying on agricultural pursuits for ten }'ears. The capital \\'hich he saved during that period enabled him to purchase one hundred and eightA' acres of land in Alartinsburg township where he now resides, the so-called "improvements" consisting of a small house and twenty acres under cultivation. With characteristic energy he began placing his fields under cultivation and he erected good buildings and fences. The splendid appearance of the farm at the present time is due to the efforts and energy of John H. Cooper, who has led a busy, useful and practical life and his years of industry have been crowned with success. From time to time as his financial resources permitted he would add other lands to his holdings until he now owns five Inuidred and seventeen acres constituting a very valuable property. He has carried on farming operations on an extensive scale and he has han- dled a large number of cattle and other stock. At one time he was extensiveh" engaged in feeding stock and his business interests were carefully controlled and brought to him a most gratifying financial return. In 1875 1""^' built upon his farm a nice residence which he vet occupies. On the I St of February 1857, John H. Cooper was united in marriage to Miss Mary Moomaw, \vho was born October iq, 1839, in Ohio but was reared in Pike county, Illinois, her parents having come to this countv in 1843. She was a daughter 'if Jacob Moomaw, wdio was born in Virginia in I7 and when a _\-oung man went to Ohio. There he resided and in 1821 was married to Miss Eliza- beth r)hmart, whose birth occurred in Virginia, December 16, 1798. She lived to the advanced age of eighty-seven vears. Her father was a PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 211 farmer and on removing' to this state made the journey by wagon with a four-horse team, being- six weeks upon the road, during which time the family camped out at nightfall by the roadside, traveling only during the hours of the day. At length Mr. Moomaw purchased a farm on section II, Martinsburg township and finally became an extensive agriculturist by reason of his capable management of his business interests during the early days of pioneer development here. Pie died November i6, 1847. H's study of the political issues and questions of the day led him to give his support to the democratic party. He was a mem- ber of the German Baptist church and was elected to the ministr}^ and labored earnestly in the cause. The maternal great-grandfather of George D. Cooper was John ]\Ioomaw, a native of German}^ who was brought to America by his parents in his infancy, but his mother died on shipboard during the passage. Eventually he became a farmer, liv- ing in Virginia for many years, but his death oc- curred in Ross county, Ohio, at a ripe old age. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. John H. Cooper was Adam Ohmart, who was born in Maryland and was of German parentage. Pie also was a farmer, devoting his life to general agricul- tural pursuits. In Pennsylvania he was married, after which he lived for a time in Virginia but made his final settlement in Logan county; Ohio. His wife, Ann Weaver, was born in the Keystone state and was of German lineage, her parents hav- ing emigrated to this country from the fatherland. Mr. and Mrs. Ohmart had fifteen children, thir- teen of whom reached adult age. The mother lived to an advanced age, d\ing in the same country as her husband. Both Mr. and Mrs. John H. Cooper are mem- bers of the Christian church, intcresterl in its work and taking an active part in its development and progress. Mr. Cooper is a democrat and was township collector in 1873. He has also served as road commissioner and in all matters of citizen- ship is reliable and trustworthy. His Christian cliaracter, intelligent mind and enterprising habits have secured for him a high standing as a farmer and a citizen and won for him the respect of all who know him. Since his retirement from the more active labors of the farm he has spent sev- eral winters in Texas, California and Colorado. In the family were four children, all of whom are yet living, and the parents both survive, their home being seven miles south of Pittsfield. George D. Cooper was educated in the common schools and in Pittsfield high school, being thus well equipped for life's [practical and responsible duties. He remained at home until twenty-one ■ years of age and then removed to a farm which he purchased of his father in Martinsburg town- ship. Pie had already become familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops and when he removed to a farm of his own he brought to his work excellent experience and sound and discriminating judgment, so that as the years passed he prospered in his undertakings. Upon the first farm he remained until 1890, when he l)Ought the property upon which he now lives on section 29, Pittsfield township. Here he owns two hundred and five and a half acres of land constituting a splendid property, in the fnidst of which stands a fine two-story frame residence. In the rear are many good buildings including a barn and sheds for the shelter of grain and stock. His land is under a high state of cultivation and Mr. Cooper is well known as a stockman and an extensive shipper. He also owns one hundred and thirty-seven and a half acres of land adjoining the home farm which was given him b)^ his father and from which he derives the income, but his father still holds the title to the property. In July, 1879, occurred the marriage of George D. Cooper and Miss Addie L. Barton, who was born in jMontgomer)- county, JMissouri, in July, 1862, and was a daughter of M. ,\. and Mary F. Barton. The parents came to Pike county in 1864, locating in Martinsburg township, where they owned five hundred and fifty-eight acres of land. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have been born five children. Virgil N., born in 1881, married Grace R. AA^est. by whom he has one son, Lindle. Thev reside upon a farm in Pittsfield township. Elsie \V., born in February, 1883, 's hving at home. She was educated in the high school of Pittsfield and snccessfulh' engaged in teaching school for four years. Julia M. Cooper, born in January, 1885, was educated in the Pittsfield high school and is also at home. Emmett J., born March 24, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 1887, was a hish-schoul student in Pittsfield and ig )-et with his parents. Ehna L., born June 10, 1894, completes the family. Mr. and jMrs. Cooper hold membership in the Christian church and he Ijelongs to Summer Hill camp. No. 1053, J\r. ^^■. A. He also carries life insurance in the Northwestern Life Insurance Company. He votes with the republican part)^, but the honors and emoluments of office have had no attraction for him and he has preferred to con- centrate his attention and energy upon his busi- ness interests. He has l)een very successful and now has a fine place. Moreover he is popular, be- ing well liked by all \vho know him, a fact wdiich indicates that his life has shown those traits of cliaracter which everywhere command respect, confidence and good will. He represents one of the oldest pioneer families of Pike county and the name of Cooper has ever been a synonym for business activit)- and integrit)- and for good citizenship. CHARLES SHADEL. Charles Shade), living in Pittsfield. is one of the active business men of tlie city wdiere for thirty-five j^ears he has carried on a meat mar- ket and a representative of business integrity as well as commercial enterprise. He dates his res- idence in the county from 1867 and, as t-he name indicates, he is a native of German)-, his birth having occurred in Wurtemberg, on the 9th of NoA'ember, 1840. There he was reared to man- hood, receiving good educational privileges in his native town but in English he is self-educated. He learned the butcher's trade in his native land and for over fifty years has devoted his time and energies to the business, his success being due in no small measure to the fact that he has perse- vered in the line of business activity in which he embarked as a young tradesman. He emigrated to the new world in 181^)7, taking passage at Bre- men for New York and in the spring he came to Detroit, Michigan, arriving at his desti- nation on Easter Sunday PL' spent six months in Jackson, Michigan, and at Ann Arbor and la- ter made his way to Chicago, where he worked in meat markets. In 1867 he arrived in Pitts- field and afterward spent one fall and winter in Milton. On the expiration of that peripd he re- moved to St. Joseph, Logan county, where he establislied a shop, conducting the business for aliout two years, when in 1871 he sold out and came to Pittsfield. Plere he purchased a business and has since been a representative of the trade in the count}^ seat. He had soon secured a good patronage and many of his patrons have given him their business support for years — a fact wdiich indicates that his methods have ever been honorable and his dealings straightforward and reliable. In 1872 Mr. Shadel was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Yaeger, a daughter of Andrew Yae- ger and a sister of John Yaeger who is men- tioned elsewhere in this work. Mr. and Mrs. Shadel have nine children wdio are living: Laura, at home : Anna, the wife of Joseph Sav- ior, of St. Louis, Missouri, wdro is with the Sim- mons Hardware Company : William, at home ; Ida, a stenographer in Dallas City, Illinois ; Ro- sella, Albert, Plelen, Elora and Erank, who are also under the parental roof. They also lost a daughter, Clara, wdio died at the age of six months. Politicall}- j\Ir. Shadel is a stanch democrat but has never had aspiration for office, giving his time and attention in undivided manner to his business interests in wdiich he has met with grati- fving success. He has erected his business house, which is a good brick block, and has also built an attractive residence in the town and in addition owns three other buildings here. He also owns two farms adjoining the corporate limits of the city, comprising one hundred and sixtv acres in one and eightv acres in another. Pie commenced life empty-handed but has stead- ily progressed and his valuable propert}- holdings are the visible evidence of his life of well directed and earnest efl'ort crowned with successful ac- complishment. He belongs to the Masonic fra- ternity in wdiich he has taken the degrees of the lodge, chapter and commandery and for a num- ber of years has served as treasurer of both the lodge and chapter. He likewise belongs to Pitts- field lodge, I. O. O. F., and he and his wife are PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 213 members of the Lutheran church, having been reared in that faith. They are highly esteemed and worthy residents of the community and Mr. Shadel stands as a splendid type of the German- American citizen who has brought to America the strong and commendable characteristics of his race, and through the improvement of oppor- tunity in the new world has steadily advanced, winning a competence and an honorable name. TAMES L. TERRY. James L. Terry, whose life of activity has been crowned with success so that he is now living a retired life in Barry, is a native of Richmond, A^irginia. his birth having occurred on the 17th of January, 1828. During his infancy his par- ents, Archibald and Nancy (Tombs) Terry, re- moved from the Old Dominion to Kentucky. They were also natives of Virginia, both born in 1799 and the father died in 1 851, at the age of fifty-two years, while his wife passed away in 1846. They had been married in the state of their nativity and they reared a family of ten children, of whom James L. Terry is the only one now living. The father was a farmer bv oc- cupation and following his removal to ICentucky in 1829 he there engaged in the tilling of the soil and raising of tobacco on an e.xtensivc scale. He was also active and influential in community af- fairs and served as constable for some time. He held membership in the Methodist church and his life was upright and honorable, being in strict conformit)- with liis professiijus. Tames L. Terry was practically reared in Iven- tucky, where he remained until 1848, when, at the age of twenty years, he came to Pike county, Illinois. Here he worked in a woolen mill for a year and he learned the carpenter's trade under ' the direction of his wife's father. Throughout the remainder of his business career he was identified with building -operations and assisted in the construction of thirteen luills. He was also connected with the building of residences in his part of the county and on many sides are seen evidences of his handiwork and skill. To his energy and capability in this direction is attribu- table the acquirement of a competence that now enables him to live retired. On the 6th of November, 185 1, Mr. Terry was united in marriage to Miss Alzina Liggett, who was born in Griggsville, August 9, 1835, and was a daughter of Alexander Blair and Mar- garet (Phillips) Liggett, the former a native of Dayton, Ohio, and the latter of Ixxington, ICen- tucky. They were luarried in Griggsville and unto this union were born thirteen children, four of whom arc now living, namely : Mrs. Alzina Terry : George W. Uggett, who resides in Barry ; Mrs. Chloe Goleman, the wife of James Cole- man : and Mrs. Clara Tower, the wife of Joseph Tower. The father was a contractor and builder and at an early day engaged in building steam- boats as well as house building. In later years he engaged in the drug business in Kinderhook and throughout his life was an energetic, enterpris- ing citizen, wliose activit\' contributed to the in- dustrial and comiuercial progress of the commu- nity in which he made his home. He belonged to Barry lodge. No. 34. A. F. & A. M., Barry chapter. No. 88, R. A. AT., and also to the council, flis earl_\- religious faith was that of the Metho- dist church but in later years he joined the Bap- tist church. Politically he \\as a democrat. He died ver\- suddenlx- at Tvinderhook in 1871, at the age of sixt\--two vears, while his wife passed away at the age of sixty years. Mr. and Mrs. Terry have become the parents of ten children, eight of whom are now living: TTelena. the wife of Dr. A\^atson, of Griggsville; lAicile, who is living in St. Louis, Missouri ; Mrs. Margaret Yokeiu. who resides at Atlas, Illinois; Eugene, living in Oklahoma ; Mrs. Anna Meyer, of .St. Louis ; George, of Barry ; Alice, the wife of James B. .Vllen, of Denver, Colorado, and a member of the Eastern Star ; and Frank, who is living in St. Louis. James L. Terry votes with the democracy and held the office of assessor for seven consecutive years, while for two terms he was collector of Barry township. His fellow townsmen, recogniz- ing his worth and ability, called him to office and he proved most faithful to the trust reposed in him by reason of his prompt and capable dis- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. charge of dut>'. He, too, is a worthy and exem- plary Mason, belonging to Barr}^ lod.ge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M., which he joined in 1849. He is now the oldest Mason in Barry, tlie lodge here having been organized in October, 1845. In 1850 he became a charter Mason of Barry chap- ter, No. 88, R. A. M. and for nineteen years he has been tyler of the lodge. He also held the same office in Eastern Star lodge. He is thor- oughly informed concerning the teachings of Masonry and in his life has displayed the spirit of brotherly kindness and mutual helpfulness which constitutes the basic elements in this or- organization. He has long since passed the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten, hav- ing in fact reached the seventy-eighth milestone on life's journey. In a review of his career we find many commendable qualities and personal traits which have made his life an upright one. He has displayed conscientious zeal and activity in citizenship and fidelity in friendship and now in the evening of life he receives the veneration and respect which should ever be accorded one who has advanced thus far upon life's journey. GEORGE E. PRATT. George E. Pratt, who is now living retired, after close connection with industrial interests in which his indefatigable industry brought him a gratifying measure of success, makes his home in Griggsvillc in the enjoyment nf a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. His birth occurred March 19, 1830, in the cit)- which is still his home, his parents being George and Elizabeth fWilson) Pratt, both of whom were natives of Massachusetts. The father Avas born in Cohasset, Massachusetts, \ugust t, i8t2, and was descended from New England ancestors who settled in this country at an early period in its colonization, the first of the name in America be- ing Phineas Pratt, who crossed the .'Vtlantic on the third ship which came to the new world after the Mayflower made the famous voyage in T620. He had been armor bearer to the king. J-Tis son who also bore the name of Phineas Pratt, was a surveyor of the early government and a noted lawyer of his day. Zadoc Pratt was a descendant in direct line of Phineas Pratt, and his son was the distinguished Judge Pratt, of New York city. Thomas Pratt, the great-grandfather of our subject, was a farmer in the old town of Co- hasset, Massachusetts, and in early manhood wedded Miss Betsy Neil. They reared a family of twelve children, including Jobe Pratt, who became a farmer and lived and died on a tract of land given to him by his father at Cohasset. His wife bore the maiden name of Lucretia Oaks, and was a daughter of Haugh and Susan (Lath- rop) C>aks, the former a major in the Revolu- tionary war and afterward was commissioned in the navy. He became captain of a vessel and on one occasion captured a supply ship of the enemy, his portion of the salvage amounting to two thousand dollars. With this money he pur- chased a homestead. His wife was a daughter of Colonel Lathrop, also a Revolutionary officer. Mr. and Mrs. Lathrop, the maternal great- grandparents of Mr. Pratt, reared five daughters, three of whom married and settled in Vermont. Jobe and Lucretia (Oaks) Pratt became the parents of five children, of whom George Pratt, father of our subject, was the third in order of birth. Of the others, James became a seaman and was promoted until he was an officer of a vessel when but twenty-one years of age and was master of a ship before he was thirty. He died at sea. Sarah Pratt is the deceased wife of Thomas Brown, of Cohasset, Massachusetts. Jolie was a mechanic in the service of the gov- ernment and made his home in Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts, up to the time of his death. Thomas Pratt is now living in .\labama. He was a gov- ernment official during the Civil war, was cap- tured by the rebels and being offered the posi- tion of nurse of the rebel prisoners on a parole he took care of a A'Oimg man who proved to be the son of a rich planter and thus won the good graces of the family. They succeeded in obtain- ing the money which had been taken from him at the time of his capture and also hospitably entertained them in their home. He was a pris- OTicr of war for a long time but finally was ex- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. changed and came north, returning to the south some years later to engage in business. After losing his first wife Jobe Pratt was married to Patience Cole, and they had one son, Harvey, who responded to the president's call for troops soon after the outbreak of the Civil war, serving in a Massachusetts regiment throughout the period of hostilities, taking part in many of the most sanguinary engagements. He was at one time wounded. He entered the service as a private but after being paroled be- came a non-eommissioned officer. Prior to the war he engaged in farming and after his mili- tary experience turned his attention to speculat- ing and other business ventures. George Pratt, father of George E. Pratt, ac- quired his education in the public schools of his native state and aided in the farm work until six- teen years of age, when he went to sea, spending the succeeding six years on shipboard. He then located in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, but in the spring of 1837 started for Alton, Illinois. He made the journey by stage to Albany, New York, by canal to Bufifalo and thence by way of the Great Lakes to Chicago and by stage to his destination. It was his intention to engage in the pork and beef packing business in Alton but not being pleased with the city and its outlook he came to Griggsville, Pike county, where he established a meat packing business, also doing his own cooperage. He here felled trees to make his barrels and formed and cut the hooppoles and he not only manufactured barrels for his own use but also sold to other packers. In 1845 '""e joined T. D. Battles in a mercantile enterprise and as he found opportunity- made investment in real estate and before long became extensive!)' en- gaged in buying and selling propert}', in making loans and buying bonds and other securities. He thus continued until about 1880, after which he retired from active life, enjoying a well earned rest throughout his remaining days. In public affairs Mr. Pratt was quite promi- nent, acting as supervisor for many years and do- ing efi^ectivc service for the county as a member of the board. He was also county commissioner and acted on the school board for several years, discharging all his official duties with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. An active and earnest member of the Congregational church he served as deacon in Griggsville for many years, joining the church here on its or- ganization. He contributed most generously to its support and in fact was liberal ni his dona- tions to all church and benevolent work. His political allegiance was given to the democracy until Abraham Lincoln became the candidate of the republican party, after which he espoused the principles of the latter organization. He died May 25, 1893, in his eighty-first year, and thus passed awa}- one of the honored pioneer resi- dents of the county whose labors contributed to public progress and improvement as well as to individual success. On the 12th of June, 1838, George Pratt had been united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth B. Wilson, the wedding taking place in Griggsville. Mrs. Pratt was a native of Boston, and died in March, 1849, leaving a son and daughter: George E., who is living re- tired in Griggsville ; and Elizabeth, the wife of E. W. Plummer, of Scio, Rollins county, Kan- sas. .'\,fter losing his first wife he was again married, Emeline J. Battles, a native of Boston, becoming his wife. She was a daughter of Dr. J. D. and Catherine (Johnson) Battles. Her death occurred June 28, 1868, and she is sur- vived bv two sons: Albert J., now of Jackson- ville ; and Franklin Pierce, of Griggsville. On the i8th of November, 1869, Mr. Pratt married Aliss Anna i\I. Tyler, a daughter of .\aron Ty- ler, who was born in Bath. Maine, and passed away in July, 1887. In the public schools of Griggsville Georgi' E. Pratt acquired his education and in his youth he learned the cooper's trade, thus working with his father until eighteen years of age, when he be- gan clerking in a store for seven dollars per month. Fie was advanced in recognition of his capability and faithful service until he was paid one hundred dollars per month. He continued in this business until 1880, when he went into business for himself, erectiuQ- one of the best store buildings in the town. This he still owns and he conducted his store until 1893. His part- ner, E. W. Baxter, died in 1892 and the follow- ing year Mr. Pratt retired from business and has Jlfl PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. since enjoyed a well earned ease. He is the vice president of the Griogsville National Bank, presi- dent of the Opera House Company, one of the directors of the Illinois Valley Fair Association, and a trustee of the Griggsville cemetery but is not active in the management of any of these enterprises. On the 23d of July, 1864, Mr. Pratt was united in marriage to Miss Mary L. Bennett, who was born July 12, 1844. in New York, a daughter of Emanuel and Martha (Burdick) Bennett, the former a native of Maine and the latter of New York. Both are now deceased. The father came to Illinois at an early date, casting in his lot with the pioneer settlers of Griggsville town- ship in the '40s. Tie purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres and was one of the in- dustrious agriculturists and stock-raisers of the communitv, carefully managing his farming in- terests until within twenty years of his death, when he lived retired in Griggsville. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and in politics was a democrat. His son. Dr. Mor- gan Bennett, now deceased, was a Methodist Episcopal minister. In his familv were three sons and four daughters, of whom four are now living: Mrs. Pratt; Joseph, who married ,'Vnn Patton and resides in Gric:gsville ; Lucv, who is the widow of Richard Wade and is living in Gri'^p-sville : and Minnie, the wife of William Russell, a resirlent of Denver, Colorado. ■ Unto Mr. and Mrs. Pratt have been born six children but only two are now living: Minnie A., born January 2h, 1865, is the wife of M. M. Lasburv, of GrigQ-sville. Fav M., born March 8, 188,^, is the wife of Don C. Sanders, living in Fort AVorth, Texas. Mr. Pratt has served as alderman of Griggs- ville for twenty vears, a record equalled bv no other citizen, and it is safe to sav that no one has rendered more effective and valuable service in behalf of community interests. He was also school director for twentv vears. He holds membership in Griggsville lodge. No. 4c;, A. F. & A. M., and was made a Mason in 1863. For a lonq- period he was treasurer of the lodge and has ever been most faithful to its teachings. In politics he has always been a democrat. A life of activity has been crowned with a gratifying measure of success. He is wholly worthy the respect which is freely tendered him and his name is synonymous with honorable dealing and with all that is beneficial to the city and county. WILLIAM B. GRIMES. Among the residents of Pittsfield who are thor- oughly acquainted with the development of Pike county and have been prominently associated with its progress and improvement for many vears is William B. Grimes, at one time county judge for four years, having been elected in 1894. He has filled other public offices with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents and is one of the most prominent Masons of this part of the state. He took up his abode in Pike county when only eight years of ag'e. His father, James Grimes, who was born in County Down, Ireland, on the 8th of January, 1770, came to the United States with his parents when a vonth of five years. The grandfather set- tled first in .South Carolina but afterward re- moved to Kentucky, In the latter state James Grimes attained adult age and was there mar- ried to Miss Nancy Davis, who was born in Bar- ton county, Kentucky, in February, 1797. In 1822 he removed with his familv to AVhite county. Illinois, where he resided on a farm about twelve years and then took up his abode in Greene county, this state. In February, 1836, be came to Pike county, settling in the midst of the forest, five miles south of the village of Milton, There he began the development and improvement of a farm but after some years took up his abode in the village where he spent his remaining days, passing away September 9, 1873, when he had reached the advanced age of eightv-five years. He held a lieutenant's connnission during the Black T-Ia\\-k war and served as justice of the peace for twenty vears. In his familv were nine children : J, ATartin, John D,, Milton, Lucinda, Mary J.. Elizabeth H., Louisa, Francis M.. and William B. All are now deceased with exception of Mil- ton and William P>. W. B. GRIMES PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. William B. Grimes was born near Carmi, White count)', Illinois, November 25, 1828, and was but eight years of age when brought by his parents to Pike county. He mastered the branches of learning taught in the early schools of that day. The schoolhouses were built of logs, were fur- nished in a crude manner and the methods of in- struction were equall\- primitive. In the summer months ;\Ir. Grimes worked at farm labor and he remained at home until he had attained his major- ity, when he crossed the plains to California in 1850. spending the succeeding two years in min- ing'. He met with a fair measure of success while there and then returned to Pike county, settling at Milton, where he built the first sawmill at that place. He was associated in this enterj^rise with James L. Grimes, the partnership continuing for about two years, when the}- abandoned the mill, decid_ing that the venture had proved an unwise investment. Xot long, after this .Mr. Grimes lie- camc a hardware merchant in Alilton, carrying both shelf and heavy hardware and tinware. In this btisiness he was more successful and con- ducted the store until t86c), when he was called to public office bv the vote of his fellow citizens. Having been elected count}' clerk he removed to Pittsfield and entered upon the duties of the office in Deceniber, 1869. He faithfullv served in that capacitv for four years and upon his retirement from office re-entered conimercial circles, this time as pro]M-ietor of a lumberyard in Pittsfield. In 1877 he was appointed county clerk and after- ward filled the office of deputy count}' treasurer for four \ears, while in 1886 he resumed his posi- tion in the county clerk's office under V. A. Grimes. For two vears he was a member of the board of supervisors and was also chairman of the bodv. He likewise held the office of township treasurer of Montezuma for a number of years and the various duties that devolved upon him have been performed so capablv and promptlv that he has won high encomiums from ]ieople of both parties. In politics he is an earnest democrat, unfaltering in his allegiance to the party princi- ples. He is a gentleman of courteous bearing, of kindly spirit and of strong intellectuality, and has stored his mind with useful knowledge. He also possesses superior niusical talent and has devoted considerable attention to teaching vocal music, many residents of the county having been his pupils. Mr. Grimes has also attained prominence in connection with his wnvk in behalf of the Ma- sonic fraternity. He joined Pittsfield lodge, No. 56, A. F. & A. W.. in 1852, later was worshipful master and afterward became a charter member and worshipful master of Milton lodge, No. 275, while subscquentl}' he becanie a charter member of Pittsfield lodge. No. 790, A. F. & A. M. During his long connection ^vith the fraternit}- he has con- ferred degrees upon a large number of Masons and has taken great pleasure in this work. In (875 he was appointed deputy grand lecturer of the state and in 1879 was made a member of the board of examiners and was elected president of that board in 1802. In 1858 he received the Mark- Master degree in Union chapter. No. to, and in 1859 was exalted to the degree of Royal ,-\rch Alason. In iSfiS he becanie one of the organizers of the chapter at Milton, where he was elected king and later high priest. After coming to Pitts- field he was an active member of Union chapter. No. TO, serving for a long time as principal so- journer and for several terms as high priest. In 1870 he received the council degrees in Barry council. No. 23, R. S: S. M., and in 1872 he as- sisted in organizing M. T. Xo}'es council. No. 59. R. & S. M., and was its first thrice illustrious master. In 1889 he was elected master of the first veil of the grand chapter, since which time he has held the office of king. In 1898 he was elected grand high priest of the state and served for one \-ear, while for twenty-one years he was grand examiner and is still grand lecturer. He is now one of the grand stewards, having been appointed in 1892 with three other venerable men, their ages being seventy-four, seventy-six and eightv-five years while Mr. Grimes is seventy- seven years of age. ^Ir. Grimes has been niarried twice. In 1853 he -wedded Miss Alice \. Shock, at that time a resident of Milton. She was born in Ohio and \\as a daughter of Andrew and Margaret (Rep- ,sher) Shock, natives of Pennsylvania. They had three children : Mrs. Delia Hanes ; Ira A. ; and H. W., who died when five months old. The 220 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. wife .^.nd irother departed this life in May, 1861, and in October, 1862, Mr. Grimes was again married, his second union being with Nancy J- Greathoiise, who was born in April, 1841, a daughter of Fjonaparte Greathouse, one of the first settlers of the county, who died in 1850. By the second marriage there were three children : Ida, the wife of William H. Allen ; Alice, who married Benton Colvin but both have passed away, leaving one son, Raymond, who resides in East St. Louis, Illinois ; and Laura, the wife of .\. C. Bentle}', editor of the Times of Pittsfield. Mr. Grimes is now living retired in Pittsfield, where he is most highly esteemed bv reason of his honorable business record, his devotion to the general welfare while in office and his fidelity to his professions as a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. He is a man of pleasing address, of un- flinching principle and unquestioned integrity, and yet withal possesses that practical common sense which never runs to extremes and it is no won- der that wherever he goes he has won friends. His life has been well spent and his honorable and useful career is worthy- of emulation. T. D. HESS. J. D. Hess, a prominent attorney of Pike county residing in Pittsfield, was born near Alilton in this county in 1856, a son of William and Catherine rWagner) Hess. The paternal grandfather, David Hess, came to Illinois from Brown countv, Ohio, in 1S2S, and settled in Greene countv, this state. He was a fermer by occupation, and was very successful in the management and control of his business ailairs. In 1836 he came to Pike county, Illinois, locating in Pearl township. He owned and operated five hundred acres of land ■ in this county, and was one of the leading and prosperous agriculturists here. His death oc- curred about t8St, when he had reached the age of seventy-two ^'ears. Llis son, William ITcss, father of our subject, accompanied his parents on their removal from Greene county to Pike coimty and was here reared to manhood, pursuing his education in the com- mon schools. He has followed farming through- out his entire life and is still actively engaged in agricultural pursuits. He owns about one thou- sand acres of land in Pike county, and also some outside the county, a fact which indicates his ex- cellent business ability, judicious investment and careful control of his property. In 1849 he drove an o-\- team across the plains to California, re- maining for three years on the Pacific coast, after which he made his way homeward by the isthmus route, bringing with him forty-five hundred dol- lars in gold, which he had saved as the result of his labors in the mines. When he was a young man he taught school, but the greater part of his life has been devoted to agricultural pursuits, and he is to-day one of the most prosperous farmers of this part of the state. He is also prominent in public affairs, and has exerted considerable influ- ence in political circles. He has been prominent and influential in community affairs, having served for several terms as supervisor of his town- ship, and he has also been the candidate for county treasurer on the populist ticket. He was one of the building committee at the time of the erection of the county courthouse. Fraternally he is con- nected with Masonic lodge, and religiously with the Christian church. He lost his first wife in 1857 and in 1862 was married again, his second union being- with Miss Minerva Smith, who was born and reared in Pearl township. Pike county, and is a daughter of Constantine Smith, one of the early settlers of the county, and one of the first officials of Pearl township. By the second mar- riage there were nine children born, of whom one died in infanc}-, the others being: L. C an at- torne)' and now assistant L'nited States attorney at Fairbanks, Alaska : \A'. IT., who was a farmer and died in September, 1903 ; Lee, ^\'ho is living at home with his father; Sarah A., the wife of W. L. Coley, a lawvcr of East St. Louis. Illinois ; Eva B., who was the wife of Sidney Crawford, a farmer, and died in 1905 ; Ada B., who is married and lives in San Antonio, Texas ; Blanche, who married Clyde A'ance, a farmer near Milton ; and \Au-da June, the wife of William Dillon, also a farmer near Milton. Reared under the parental roof, J. D. Hess continued as a student in the common schools of PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 221 Montezuma township until eighteen years of age, after which he spent one year in the Pittsfield high school and five years in Illinois College at Jack- sonville, where he was graduated with honors in the class of 1882. He pursued a classical course and won the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts. He entered college as a mem- ber of the same class to which William Jennings Bryan belonged, but his collegiate course was in- terrupted by one year spent as a teacher, so that he did not graduate until a year after the Ne- braska statesman had completed his course. Fol- lowing his graduation, Mr. Hess took up the pro- fession of teaching and spent two years as super- intendent of the schools of Perry. During the second year he was married to Miss Clara A. Rentchler, who had just graduated from the Woman's Academy at Jacksonville, Illinois, com- pleting the course in 1883. She was a daughter of John Rentchler, who died before her birth. After teaching at Perry Mr. Hess spent three years as superintendent of the schools in Griggs- ville and in 1887 came to Pittsfield, where he began reading law under the direction of Judge Jefferson Orr. In 1890 he was admitted to the bar at Alount \^ernon, Illinois, and has since practiced his profession and has also been a real- estate and loan agent. He practices in all of the courts and is a lawyer of broad and comprehen- sive knowledge who presents his cause with clear- ness and force, who is logical in argument and strong in his reasoning. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hess have been born two sons and two daughters: Stanley R., born De- cember 16, 1885; Terrence W., June 21, 1887; Catherine, December 31, 1891 ; and Eloise, May 16, 189-1I.. Mrs. Hess is a member of the Meth- odist church and Mr. Pless is serving as one of its trustees. He belongs to the Masonic frater- nity at Milton and to the Knights of Pvthias lodge, the Modern Woodmen camp, the Mutual Protective League and to the Tribe of Ben Hur, all of Pittsfield. He is also connected with the Pike County Mutual and Loyal Americans. In politics he is a populist and was a member of the national committee of the party from 1892 until igoo and has been a delegate to various conventions. He assisted in' organizing the pop- ulist party in this state. Llis attention, however, is largely given to his legal practice and his devo- tion to his clients' interests is proverbial. In the county where his entire life has been passed he has made a creditable record at the bar and is rcognized as a prominent and able attorney. FRANK JOHNSTON, M. D. Dr. Frank Johnston, successfully engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Milton, is one of Pike covmty's native sons, his birth having occurred upon a farm in Montezuma on the 8th of February, 1873. His parents were Solomon T. and Susan Johnston, the former a son of Thomas and Catharine Johnston and the latter a daughter of John Heavner, who was a soldier of the war of 1812. She was born Au- gust 3, 1834, and died January 22, 1904, while Solomon T. Johnston is still living in Pike county, being one of its representative citizens and early settlers. In the district schools near his father's home Dr. Johnston of this review acquired his educa- tion and at the age of eighteen years began teaching school, which profession he followed for four vears in Pike county. During the periods of vacation he attended the county normal schools and thus promoted his efficiency as an educator. On retiring from his work as a pub- lic instructor he took up the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. George E. Harvey, of Pittsfield, and in the fall of 1894 matricu- lated in the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, from which he was graduated in the class' of 1897, having pursued the regular three years' course. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession in Milton, where he has re- mained continuously since and, having soon dem- onstrated his ability to cope with the intricate problems that continually confront the physician, he has been accorded a liberal and gratifying pat- ronage. Dr. Johnston was married May 6, 1896, to Miss Vinnie G. Hoover, a daughter of Smith and Izora Hoover, of Pearl, Pike county, Illinois, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. both of whom are deceased. Dr. and Mrs. John- ston have one child, a daughter, Virginia F. Johnston. Dr. Johnston is a member of Mihon lodge, No. 2--], I. O. O. F., of Milton, also of the Modern Woodmen camp and the Court of Plonor and was connected with the Knights of Pythias lodge at Pittsfield until it was disbanded. He is likewise connected with the Pike Countv Mutual r_.ife Association and the Mutual Protective League. His entire life has been spent in this county and the fact that many of his warmest friends are those who have known him from his boyhood days to the present is an indication of an honorable life actuated b\' manh- principles and characterized by upright conduct. COL(")NEL WILLIA.M ROSS. Colonel A¥illiani Ross was born in Monson, ?\fassachusetts, April 24. T792, where he resided until the age of thirteen years. His father, Ati- cah Ross, was a man of liriiited means, though he was known and termed a good liver, but the edu- cation of his children was not the best. In 180^ the elder Ross removed to Pittsfield, Massachu- setts, where the sulyject of this notice dwelt with him until he reached his twentieth A^ear, gaining among the townspeople a reputation for industry and perseverance, and likewise success in everv- thing he undertook. Upon the declaration of war in t8i2, William Ross obtained a commission as ensign-lieutenant in the Twenty-first Regiment ITnited States In- fantry, commanded bv Colnncl E. AA'. Riplev, and was soon afterward ordered on recruiting scr\-icc. In the spring of 1813 he was directed to unite his men with those of his brother. Captain Lennar2, which he paid at once, and in a thousand and nne Avays dm-ing the Ci\-il war showed bis devotion to his countrA', and his will- ingness to aid to the full extent of his al)ilitv. He was a wliig in politics, but on the muster- out of that party he joined the republican party. and was vice-president of the first state conven- tion of the republican party, which was held May 29, 1856, at Bloomington, and which was at- tended by Lincoln, Palmer, O. H. Brownine AVentworth, Yates, Lovejoy, Oglesby and others. General John M. Palmer was president of the convention. This convention has become historic and is well known in Illinois history. He was a delegate from the fifth congressional district to the national convention which nominated Mr. Lin- coln, held in Chicago on the i6th of May, i860, and did what he could to secure the nomination of that great man. His acquaintance with eastern people, and especially -with the friends of Gov- ernor Seward, enabled him to render efficient serv- ice ill that regard. The eastern people very much desired the nomination of ]Mr. Seward, but the attention of the delegates was turned in the direc- tion of \\r. Lincoln, and on the third ballot he received two hundred and thirty-one votes, Mr. Seward receiving" one hundred and eighty, and was declared nominated. William Ross connected himself with the First Congregational church of Pittsfield, and from the time of his connection to his death he was a steadfast, hard-working, earnest supporter of the cause he had espoused, and the church with which he connected himself at that time. He built a church from his own means, decorated it with a bell, and deeded it to the trustees of the church. .Since his death the old building has been removed and a more statelv and commodious building has been located on the same lot. \t his death he left surviving him two sons, Alarcellus Ross, who resides in Tacoma, AVa.sh- ington : A\'illiani Ross, residing at San Jose, Cali- fornia : and two daughters. Mrs. D. F. Kellogg, a rrsident of Chicago; and ATrs. .\. C. ^Matthews. who lives at the old homestead near Pittsfield, Illi- nois. Thc\- all have families and are respected citizens in their several places of residence. Colonel Rr:ss was much more than the average Clizcii in point of cncrgA- and never-tiring indus- try. He had splendid judgment, correct percep- tions, unlimited energv, and moved forward in the line of enterprise that he conceived to be right until its full consummation. Like the early pio- neers of Pike county, he never stopped to inquire PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. into any disaster, but moved forward to new lines and better fields. He died on the 31st day of May, 1873, aged eighty-one years, and was buried in Pittsfield, in the West cemetery, near the grave of his wife, who had preceded him a few years. J. D. NIGHBERT, D. \'. S. Dr. J. D. Nighbert, who in the practice of vet- erinary surgery is winning merited success in Pittsfield and Pike county, is a native of Illi- nois, born (Jctober 20, 1856. His father, Na- thaniel A. Nighbert, was a native of Virginia, born in 1827, and removing westward to Illi- nois became one of the earh' settlers of this state. He was engaged extensively in farming and stock-raising in Macoupin county, conducting a prosperous business up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1903. Plis wife is now living. In their family were seven children, six of whom yet survive. Dr. Nighbert was educated in the common schools and in Blackburn University, while later he was graduated from Toronto College, in 1889, with a class of one hundred and eighty members. He was one of five who were called to compete for a .gold medal given by the Ontario Veter- inary Medical Association and at his graduation he received honors for the best general examina- tion, also in written and oral anatomy and in microscopy. Splendidly equipped for his chosen life work he came to Pittsfield in 1889 and has since engaged in practice here. Since that year lie has been a member of the state veterinary board and he also belongs to the American Vet- erinary Association and the Illinois State .Asso- ciation. He lias contributed articles to numerous medical journals in America and some of these have been copied in English publications. Dr. Nighbert has made a study of veterinary sur- gery and he receives letters from nearly every state seeking his advice and opinions upon sub- jects connected with the profession. He is con- sidered an expert on animal dentistry and sur- gery and his business has therefore reached ex- tensive proportions. He practices both in Illi- nois and Missouri and his labors when viewed from both a financial and professional stand- point have been very successful. Dr. Nighbert was married in i88i to Miss Lil- lie Malone, a native of Illinois, and a daughter of M. C. Malone, a mechanic. They have two children: Maynard, who was born in 1882 and is now a student in the A^eterinary College at Toronto, Canada ; and A'ida, who was born in 1884, and is a graduate of the high school of Pittsfield. She was also educated in music and is at home \v-ith Jier parents. Dr. Nighbert owns a fine residence in Pittsfield and also has other buildings and property in this cit\-, having pur- cliased considerable real estate—yvhich is the safest of all investments. He votes with the re- publican party and he belongs to the Masonic fra- ternity, while his wife is a member of the Chris- tian church. Thoroughly qualified for the pro- fession which he has undertaken as a life work, he has long since passed through the ranks of mediocrity to stand with the more successful few in his profession and his large business is at once an indication of his skill and of the confi- dence reposed in him by the public. RAY N. ANDERSON. Ray N. Anderson, a prominent attorney of Pittsfield, practicing in all the courts, was born in Pike county, in 1874, a son of H. L. and Eliza rStebbinsl ,\ndcrson, of Summer Hill, of this count}-. The father, a native of Hartford, Con- necticut, came to Illinois prior to the Civil war and began business as a merchant in Summer Hill, Illinois, but is now a farmer and grain mer- chant. Unto him and his wife were born eight children, six of whom are living, Ray N. ,'\nderson attended the common schools until seventeen years of age, when he entered upon a preparatory course of study in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and later was graduated from the I'ni versify of Michigan, completing the law course in 1899. Going to the Pacific coast he practiced at Seattle, Washington, until 1901, when he returned to Pittsfield, where he has 228 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. since been located. He is now associated with Colonel Matthews, the oldest member of the Pittsfield bar, and is already winning success, having secured a good clientage which connects him with important litigated interests of his dis- trict. On the i8th of October, 1905, Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to ]Miss Helen Gray Bush, a daughter of William C. and Mollie Bush, and a granddaughter of Merrick Bush. Her par- ents were eastern people and her father is now connected with the Pike County Democrat. Mrs. Anderson is a graduate of the high school of Pittsfield and of the business college at Jackson- ville, Illinois. In his political views Air. Ander- son is a prominent republican, active in the local ranks and is now serving as one of the city al- dermen. He belongs to the Knights of Pvthias fraternity and the Masonic lodge. In citizenship he is influential, being the champion of prog- ress and improvement along lines of practical and permanent good. In his law practice he is found as an earnest worker in that preparation which is so necessary before the active work of the court is done and in the presentation of a cause he is clear and cogent in reasoning and log- ical in his deductions. CH^ARLES T. KENNEY. Charles T. T\ennc)-, an honored veteran of the Civil war, who for many years was a prominent factor in commercial circles in Griggsville but is now living a retired life, was born in this cil\- December 4, 184T, .-i son of Hon. Charles and Alary G. fCarnahan") Keimev. The father was born in Chester comity, Pennsvlvania, April 7. t8it, and was the eldest son of James and Rachel Kenney, who were also natives of Pennsvlvania. Pie acquired his education in the schools of that state and when twentv-hve A'cars of age was united in marriage to Aliss Alarv G. Carnahan, a daughter of James and Alargarct fCarnahan) , of AA-'ilmington, Delaware. In 1837 he removed with his family to Illinois, liecoming a resident of Griggsville two vears later. Here he embarked in merchandising and also was engaged in the grain trade, continuing in those lines of business until his retirement from further business cares in 1866. He was then succeeded by his son and son-in law under the firm style of Kenney & Clark. A pio- neer settler of Pike county, he took an active and helpful interest in its development and while pro- moting his individual success also contributed in large measure to the welfare and progress of the community in which he made his home. He was in limited financial circumstances on his removal to Illinois but gradually he worked his way up- ward to a creditable position on the plane of afflu- ence. He also figured prominently in public af- fairs and was a recognized leader in the ranks of the democratic party, on which ticket he wa,s elected to the state legislature. There he gave earnest and thoughtful consideration to every question which came up for settlement and was connected with important constructive legislation, The cause of temperance found in him a stanch advocate and he held membership with the Sons of Temperance. Both he and his wife were loyal members of the Congregational church and their man\' excellent traits of character won them the love and respect of all with whom thev were asso- ciated. Air. Kenney continued to live retired in the enjoyment of a well earned rest np to the time of his death, which occurred in Griggsville, No- vember 9, 1880. His widow, who was born in Wilmington, Delaware, Julv 28, 1814, survived him for about twcntv vears, passing awav Alarch 4. 1900, They were married in SadsburyviUe, Chester count}-, Pennsylvania, hx the Rev. John AA^allace, on the T8th of Eebruary, 1836. In their family were ten children, as follows: AA^illiam AA'. Kenney, who was born in Sadsbury- viUe, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1837, marn' Alice Pritchard and is now living in St, I Alissonri. Mary H.. born in Naples, Illinois, tober 5, 1838, is the wife of W. H. Clark, a re dent of Griggsville. Charles T. is the next of tl family. Robert AT, born in Griggsville, Febru- ary 3. T843, Avas married here to ATarv Shinn and died in California in October, tqoo. Harriet E., born in Griggsville, Februarv 3, 1845, di^'^ '" *^'^ city, November 21, i860. Preston H., born in Griggsville, June 11, 1847, died here October 4, CHARLES T. KENNEY CHARLES KENNEY PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 231 1849. Samuel C, born in Griggsville, October 20, 1849, was married to Ella Cunningham and is now living in Los Angeles, California. Sallic B., born in Griggsville, October 16, 1851, is the wife of Dr. L. J. Harvey, of Griggsville, and died June i, 1894. James C, born in Griggsville, July 27, 1855, married Nellie Turnbull, of Griggsville, and now makes his home in Kansas City. Ed L., born in Griggsville, October 15, 1857, died in this city, August 31, 1886. Charles T. Kenney, whose name introduces this record, is indebted to the public-school system of his native town for the educational privileges he enjoyed and in his youth he secured a clerkship in a dry-goods store, where he remained until after the inauguration of the Civil war, when he put aside business cares in order to respond to the country's call for aid. He enlisted from Pike county, August 18, 1861, to serve for three years or during the war and was mustered into the United States service at Camp Butler in Spring- field, Illinois, September 3, 1861. He was a pri- vate under command of Captain William W. H. Lawton, of Company I, Thirty-third Illinois In- fantry, Colonel Charles E. Hovey, commanding. This regiment was organized in the month of September at Camp Butler and on the 20th of that month proceeded southward by way of St. Louis, Missouri, to fronton, that state, where the troops went into winter quarters but occasionally did scouting duty in the surrounding country. The first battle in which the regiment participated was at Fredericktown, Missouri, and soon afterward was engaged at Big Black Bridge, Missouri. Sub- sequently the Thirty-third Illinois was assigned to the First Brigade of the First Division, Thir- teenth Army Corps, with which it remained un- til March, 1865, when it was transferred to the Sixteenth Corps. The members of that regiment participated in the engagements. at Cotton Plant, Cache Creek, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Big Black River, the siege of Vicksburg and the siege of Jackson, after which they embarked on steam- boats and went down the Mississippi river to New Orleans, there taking part, in October, 1863, in the campaign under General Ord up the Bayou Teche and returning to New Orleans in Novem- ber of that year.- The regiment afterward moved 13 by way of 7\rkansas Pass to Brownsville, Texas, and disembarked on St. Joseph Island, whence they marched over Matagorda Island to Saluria, participating in the capture of Fort Esperanza They then removed to Indianola and later to Port Lavaca, Texas, and afterward the regiment was chiefly engaged on guard duty in Louisiana until ordered to take part in the expedition to Mobile. Alabama, during which the members of the Thirty-third Illinois did loyal service in the siege of Mobile and in the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, also participating in a number of minor engagments, skirmishes and raids. The regiment lost during its service three hundred and nine officers and men by death. In recognition of his valor and meritorious conduct on the field of battle Charles T. Kenney was pro- moted from the ranks to orderly sergeant, was commissioned second lieutenant March 18, 1862, and first lieutenant June 3, 1863. Lie was wounded at Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 2, 1863, by a gun- shot in the right leg six inches above the knee. He was removed to a private house for treat- ment and about three inches of the bone was cut from the limb. He was one of the only two men of eighty who were similarly wounded in the battle of Vicksburg who survived. When able to travel ha was granted a furlough and spent several weeks at home, after which he rejoined his regi- ment at New Orleans, Louisiana, to receive his final pay and discharge. With the exception of this period he was always with his command, doing active service, and he made a splendid rec- ord for soldierly conduct and fearlessness in face of danger. LTpon a surgeon's certificate of disa- bilitv he was honorably discharged at Washing- ton, D. C, August ig, 1864, owing to the wounds which he sustained in action. Returning to Griggsville, Mr. Kennev was for twenty-three years engaged in the grocery busi- ness with J. B. Morrison and on the expiration of that period the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Kenney has since lived a retired life. He was widely known as an enterprising and reli- able merchant and enjoyed a good business, so that as the years passed by he added continually to his capital until he had acquired means suffi- cient to enable him to put aside further business PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. cares and enjo}- a well earned rest throughout his remaining days. On the 30th of May, 1865, in Griggsville, Mr. Kennev was married to Miss Fannie M. Green, a daughter of Jonathan and Abbie D. (Worcester) Green. Fler parents were married May 7, 1840. Her father was born in Pepperell, Massachu- setts, February 20, 1814, and died June 7, 1878, while his wife, who was born j\Iay 26, 1821, in Stoddard, New Hampshire, is now living with I\'Ir. and Mrs. Kenney at the age of eighty-four vears. They resided in the east until 1857, when thev came to Illinois and Mr. Green first clerked for R. P.. Hatch & Company at Griggsville. From that time until his death he was connected with the drv-gobds business in this city, con- ducting a store of his own for a long period. He never cared for public office nor public noto- riety of any kind but was always found reliable in his business transactions and honorable in all life's relations. He and his wife were members of the Congregational church and he held mem- bership in Griggsville lodge. No. 45, A. F. & A. M., while his political support was given to the republican party. In their family were four chil- dren, three sons and a daughter, the latter being Mrs. Fannie M. Kenney, who was born in Stod- dard, New Hampshire, December 11, 1843. Her brothers were: George W., who was born at Mar- low, New Hampshire, August I, 1846, and died October 20, 1851 ; Charles O., who was born in Plattsburg, New York, October 2. 1853, and is now engaged in the grocery business in Denver. Colorado; and Fred E., who was born in Platts- burg, October 9, 1855, and is a druggist in Oska- loosa, Iowa. Unto Mr. and !\rrs. Kennev have been born six children. Jessie Elizabeth, born June t, 1866, was married to Ernest E. Williamson, April 2, iSgi, and resides in Griggsville ; ,\lice, born January t, 1868, died March 9, i86f). Willie Morrison, born Februar\- 2, 1870, died Januarv 27, 187T. Freddie, born b>bruary I"] . 1872, died on the 14th of March of the same year. Helen Frances, born April tq, 1874, is the wife of Har- vey E. Baxter, to whom she was married Novem- ber 20. i8<)8. and their home is in Chicago. i\Tarie Louise, born September 18, 1881, completes the family and is at home with her parents. Long a resident of Griggsville, Mr. Kenney has figured prominently in public affairs and has been the champion of many movements for the general welfare and upbuilding. He has filled tl-.e office of city clerk for fifteen years and was a member of the school board for a similar period, lie belongs to Griggsville lodge, No. 45, A. F. & A. ^L, and to W. W. H. Lawton post, No. 438, G. A. R. His life has in many respects been a commendable one and, as has been shadowed forth between the lines of this review, he was found a brave and loyal soldier in the hour of his country's danger, has been a reliable and trustwortlTS' business man and a public-spirited citizen, wdiile in his home and social relations he has commanded the respect and friendship of many bv reason of the possession of those traits of character which awaken warm personal regard. WILLIAM M. BROWN. The history of commercial progress in Milton would be incomplete without mention of Wil- liam M. Brown, a leading- and prominent mer- chant of that city. He was born November 29, T840, in Carrollton, Greene county, Illinois, his parents being Isaac S. and Catharine (Hay) Brown, who became early residents of Pike county, where they took up their abode in March, 1850. The father purchased a farm a mile and a half south and a half mile east of Mil- ton and upon that place William M. Brown was reared, having been a youth of nine years at the time of the removal to the old homestead. He acquired his education in the district schools near by and he still owns the farm, which comprises one hundred and twentv acres of as rich soil as can be found in the state of Illinois. During the periods of vacation he aided in the work of the fields and remained upon the old homestead until nineteen years of age, when he went to Califor- nia b\- wa\' of the Isthmus of Panama. The journev consumed twentv-four days from the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 233 time he left New York city until his arrival at San Francisco in March, 1859. Fie remained upon the Pacific coast for three \ears engaged in mining and ranching and he was fairly suc- cessful in his work, but lost much of what he pos- sessed in his first mining ventures in prospecting for greater results at a later date. In 1863 he returned to the old homestead near Milton, Illi- nois, and leased the farm from his father in con- nection with his brother, James A. The father went to the war, becoming a member of a com- pany of the Ninety-ninth Illinois Regiment com- manded by Captain J. G. Johnson. He served for three years as wagon master and was killed in the siege of Vicksburg on the 22d of Alay, 1863. There was a very sad incident in connec- tion with his death. In the heat of battle he heard the Masonic cry for help from one of his comrades and, facing almost certain death amidst a hail of bullets, he picked up his comrade and while carrying him off the field away from dan- ger a bullet passed through his comrade's body, killing him, and entered Mr. Brown's thumb, passing out through the hand. This occasioned blood poisoning, which caused Mr. Brown's death a few days later. At his request his re- mains were interred upon the battle-field but were afterward removed to the National Sol- diers' Cemetery at Vicksburg. In March, 1869, William M. Brown, accompanied by his mother, made a pilgrimage to Vicksburg to discover his father's grave and place a monument over it. They had no trouble in finding the place of inter- ment, which was on the topmost circle, he being the eighth soldier buried in the beautiful Union Soldiers' National Cemetery at that place. The monument was erected according to the plans and after performing this act of love and duty over the grave of husband and father they re- turned home. On the 2d of December, 1868, Mr. Brown was married to Miss Alice Strawn, a daughter of Alvis and Joanna Strawn. Unto them were born three children, two sons and a daughter. William Edmund, born December 13, 1869, died Alarch 26, 1870. Fred S., born in Milton, April, 2, 1873, is now a physician and druggist of Wich- ita, Kansas. Helen A., born December 25, li in Milton, is at home. Mr. Brown is a member of the Modern Wood- men camp, No. 922, and in his political views he is a liberal republican. He has been associ- ated with business interests in Milton through a long period and is a self-made man, whose prosperity has resulted entirely from his enter- prise and capable efforts. MAJOR WILFRED I. KLEIN. Major Wilfred I. Klein, of Barry, is one of the native sons of that town and has won distinc- tion as a lawyer and legislator. He is the third son of Joseph and Agnes (Spalding) Klein, the latter a daughter of Judge Spalding, of St. Louis, Missouri. The father was born at Cats- kill, New York, in February, 1809, and the mother's birth occurred in St. Louis, in 1818. In his boyhood days Joseph Klein accompanied his father on his removal to Springfield, Illinois. At one time he owned a large amount of land, covering the present site of the fair grounds in Springfield. It was in that city that the grand- father spent his last years. In 1840 Joseph Klein removed to St. Louis, where he was married, and in 1846 he came to Barry. In the former city he purchased the Little St. Louis saw and grist mill, which he operated for about six years and he would drop bran in the creek when he could not sell it. On disposing of his mill and removing to Barry he entered upon the practice of law. in which he continued for twenty years, his ability and comprehensive knowledge win- ning him prominence in his profession. He was a well educated man. strong minded and became recognized as a distinguished and leading resi- dent of this part of the state. Fie died at his liomc in T!arr\'. February 28, 1869. As a citizen, father and friend he had no superior, manifest- ing in his life splendid traits of character which won for him the respect and confidence of all who knew him. He left a large circle of friends througout the county. His wife passed awav in 1897. They were the parents of five children, all of whom are now living: Walter S., who is en- gaged in general merchandising in Time ; Charles 34 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. PL, who is living a retired life at Elmdale, Chase county, Kansas ; Willie L. and Wilfred L, twins, the former living in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he is editor of the Northwestern Medical Journal ; and Julia R., the wife of T. C. Long, of Texas. Major Klein was educated in Barr)', where he engaged in teaching school for seven years. He entered upon that profession when sixteen years of age and taught at Pittsfield, Rockport and New Salem. Lie afterward entered the Univer- sity at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he pursued a course in law, being graduated in 1878. The following year he was admitted to the bar and en- tered upon the practice of his chosen profession in his native town. The same year he was elected citAf attorney, which office he has held almost continuously since save with the exception of a few years which he spent as a legislator. He entered the race for the legislature from the thirty-ninth district in 1894, receiving the en- dorsement of his county and was nominated and elected by a large majority. He proved a useful and valuable member of the house, in which he served during 1895-6, giving to each question careful consideration an proving untiring in his support of the men and measure which he deemed of greatest good to the commonwealth. In his profession he has won honorable position by reason of his comprehensive knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence, his close application and his strong presentation of each cause before court or jury. ATajor Klein was married in .Springfield, Illi- nois, in 1878, to Miss Jennie M. Klein, who was born in that city in 1858 and was a daughter of John and Cynthia Klein, residents of Springfield, who are now deceased. One child was born of this marriage, Madge Estella Klein, who was born in 1881. She attended the public schools of Barry and was educated in music, her father se- curing for her the liest teachers that monev could obtain. She \vas a beautiful Christian girl, dis- playing a sweet disposition, kindly purpose and genial nature and was greatly loved by all, but on the 1st of May. 1900. she was called from this life. Mrs. Klein survived for about two years and then passed away on the 19th of August, 1902. Major Klein has thus seen sad times, but he has ever attempted to keep up a hopeful spirit. In his relations with his fellowmen he is directed by Inroad sentiment relating to his duties by a charitable nature and kindly purpose. He still keeps his home just as his wife and daughter left it, employing a housekeeper, while he boards at the hotel. Major Klein is very prominent in the organization of the Modern Woodmen of America and was state consul in 1894. He has also held other offices in that organization and is now state lecturer. He likewise belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Pike County Mutual Association. In his pro- fession he has attained prominence by reason of broad and comprehensive study and he possesses a statesman's grasp of affairs, keeping in touch with the onward progress of thought and action relating to the country's history. G. W. FULLER. G. W. Fuller, who is engaged in dealing in coal in Pittsfield, was born in Massachusetts in 1845, and is descended from ancestors who came to America on the Ma)rfIower. In both the paternal and maternal lines he is descended from Revolu- tionary ancestr}- ; and from the same branch came President Monroe, the mother of Mr. Fuller being an own cousin, of the president. She spent her entire life within twenty miles of Plymouth Rock, and a sister of Mr. Fuller is yet living there. In fact, our subject is the only representative of the name who has gone so far away from the ancestral home. He came to Pike county, Illinois, in 1878, and has since been identified with the interests of this section of the state. In the common schools of A-Iassachusetts he acquired his education, and after locating in Pike county he engaged in pros- pecting for coal. For twenty-five years he has been engaged in dealing in coal, being the only exclusive merchant in this line in the city. His business is extensive, owing to his honorable methods, his earnest desire to please his patrons and his promptness and fidelity in all things. In 1879 Mr. Fuller was united in marriage to PAST- AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 235 Miss Mary E. Stitzer, of Pittsfield, a daughter of George W. Stitzer, of Virginia, wlio came to Pike county in 1837, thus casting his lot with its earhest settlers for the work of improvement and progress had scarcely begun here at that time. He followed the business of teaming. In his family were three children : Mrs. Fuller ; William A., who is living in Cincinnati, Ohio ; and Mrs. Virginia Armstrong, who resides at Rich Hill, Missouri. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller have become the parents of four children : G. W., who is occupy- ing a position with the Armour Packing Com- pany, of Chicago; Frank L., residing at home; and John W. and Emma E., who are also with their parents. Mr. Fuller owns the home where he resides together with four acres of land. In politics he is a republican, interested in the suc- cess of the party because of the principles which it embodies, yet never seeking office for himself. His wife and daughter are members of the Con- gregational church, while his son Frank holds a membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. For more than a quarter of a century Mr. Fuller has resided in Pittsfield and the success he has achieved during this period has come as a direct result of his own labors for he had little capital when he made his way westward. Here he has improved his opportunities and as the years have gone by has made substantial progress, be- ing to-day in possession of a comfortable com- petence as the result of his earnest and well di- rected labors. HIRAM RUSH. Hiram Rush, devoting his time and energies to farming and stock-raising in Detroit township, is associated with his four brothers in the owner- ship and operation of about six hundred acres of land, comprised in three well improved and valu- able farms, adjoining the village of Detroit. He was born in this township, April 28, 1855, his father being James Rush, a native of Indiana, born in 1816. His paternal grandfather, Elijah Rush, removed to Illinois with his family in 1827, and settled in Detroit township. Pike county. He both entered and bought land and cleared and improved a good farm, assisted in the early pio- neer development and progress of the country. James Rush was a lad of eleven years when he arrived in this county and here he was reared and educated. Having arrived at adult age he was married here to Margaret Dinsmore, a native of Illinois, born in Pike county, and a daughter of Robert Dinsmore, one of the early settlers here, who came up the Illinois river on a keel boat. From time to time as his financial resources per- mitted James Rush purchased more land and be- came the owner of a valuable farm. He was recognized as one of the active, enterprising and prosperous agriculturists of the county and was accorded a place among the valued and repre- sentative citizens. In addition to rearing six children of his own, all sons, he also gave a home to a number of orphan children, his family num- bering thirteen children in all. His kindly spirit, his broad humanitarianism and his generous disposition made him a man whom to know was to respect and honor. He died August 2, 1888, while his wife, who still survives, yet resides upon the old homestead farm. Hiram Rush is the second in order of birth in a family of five sons, who are yet living, while one, lames Rush, has passed away. He reached mature ^^ears, however, and died in St. Louis, Missouri, in igoo. The others are: Perry and Otis, living on the old home farm ; R. E. ; and Clay. All are married with the exception of the youngest and all are farmers, being associated in business interests. Hiram Rush was educated in the district schools and early became familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He remained with his father in his youth and assisted in carrying on the home farm until the father's death. The brothers now continue the work and their business associations are most harmonious. Mr. Rush, of this review, was married in Griggsville, January 29, 18S0, to Miss Emma Dean, who was born in Griggsville township and spent her girlhood days there. Her father, A. H. Dean, was a native of Litchfield, Connecticut, born in 1831, and was brought to Pike county, 236 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Illinois, in 1836. Following- his marriage Mr. Rush located upon the home farm, where he re- sided for a number of years, when he purchased property in the village of Detroit, taking up his abode there in the fall of 1891. He has a good substantial home, supplied with many of the comforts and luxuries of life. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Rush have been born seven children : Pearl, now the wife of Virgil Scarborough, a farmer of Detroit township, by whom she has a daughter, Ila; Opal, the wife of John Ellis, a resident farmer of Detroit, by whom she has a son. Dean ; Mattie, who is a student in the schools of Griggs- ville ; Varina, Jessie and Dewy, all at home ; and one son, Harvey Dean, who died at the age of seventeen months. Politically Mr. Rush is a stalwart democrat and is a good friend of the public schools. He served on the school board for eighteen years, acted as its clerk and its president and the cause of education finds in him a warm and helpful friend. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and he belongs to Detroit lodge. No. 883, I. O. O. F., while his wife is connected with the Rebekah lodge. He likewise belongs to the Pike County Fraternal Insurance Associa- tion. Having always lived in Detroit township he has a wide acquaintance and is recognized as a substantial farmer and bvisiness man to whom trust and confidence are uniformly given. He and his estimable wife have many friends in the hospitality of their own pleasant home in Detroit is greatly enjoyed by those who know them. The Rush brothers work together in the utmost har- mony and in the control of their business af- fairs are meeting with gratifving prosperity, be- ing recognized as representative agriculturists of Pike county. F. M. TI-IURMON, M. D. Dr. F. M. Thurmon, who in the active practice of medicine and surger}- has shown his thorough understanding of the great scientific principles which underlie his work, was born in Montezuma township near Milan on the 23d of August, 1872, and is the youngest of a family of nine children. four of whom are practicing physicians at the present time, namely : Dr. C. E. Thurmon, of J\Iilton ; Dr. VV. T. Thurmon, of Detroit, Illinois, Dr. J. D. Thurmon, of St. Louis, Missouri, and our subject. He was reared upon his father's farm and acquired his preliminary education in the common schools of Pike county. At the age of twent}- }-ears he engaged in teaching school in Scott county and followed that profession for seven years. In 1899 he accepted a position with the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company as night watchman on the bridge at Pearl, Illinois, acting in that capacity for one year and in the spring of 1900 he went to the Red River valley in North Dakota, accepting a position with the Salzer Lumber Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota, which he represented as bookkeeper until in .\u- gust of the same year. He then severed his con- nection with that company and returned home. Having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he commenced studying with that end in view in September, 1900, matriculating in the medical department of the Barnes Univer- sity at St. Louis, Alissouri, from which he was graduated in the class of 1904. During the three summers intervening between the college courses he served in the capacity of ballast inspector for the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company, his revenue from this position enabling him to pay his way through college. Returning to Pearl, Dr. Thurmon purchased the practice and property of Dr. C. P. Bradburn and now enjoys a large and lucrative patronage in Pearl and vicinity. He is well qualified for his chosen profession and is continually promoting his proficiency by reading and investigation, while in the faithful performance of each day's duties he finds courage and strength for the labors of the succeeding day. On the 2fith of December, 1896. Dr. Thurmon was married to Miss E. Maude Davis, a daughter of John W. and Mary E. (Stephenson) Davis. B)' this marriage there have been born two sons : Francis M., who was born November 18, 1898; and AVilliam M.. who was born Julv 14, 1902. Dr. and Mrs. Thurmon occupy an enviable social position and he is connected with the Modern Woodmen of America, the Mutual Protective : : PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 237 League and the Knights and Ladies of Security, in all of which lodges he is examining physician. A young man of laudable ambition and with a na- ture that could never be content with mediocrity, he is continually advancing in his chosen field of labor and has already left the ranks of the many to stand among the successful few. G. W. DOYLE, M. D. Dr. G. W. Doyle, now deceased, was classed with the representative citizens of Pike county for many years. He was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1836, and about 1859 removed to Cham- paign county, Illinois, being at that time a young man of twenty-three years. He watched with in- terest the progress of events leading up to the inauguration of the Civil war, noting the threat- ening attitude of the south, reading with interest the accounts of the anti-slavery movements, felt the growing hostility and spirit of rebellion among the southern states and with the opening of the war his patriotic spirit was thoroughlv aroused and he fearlessly announced his advocacy of the Union cause. Soon he enlisted as a mem- ber of Company C, Twenty-fifth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry and served for three years. He was first under command of Captain Summers and later was promoted to the rank of major. Dur- ing his services he was twice severely wounded, once in the shoulder and again through the leg, and he carried the marks of the rebel lead to the grave. He participated in many hotly con- tested battles and for forty consecutive days was under fire. Soon after his return from the army he entered the Eclectic Institute of Medicine at Cincinnati, Ohio, and was graduated from the same in due time, after which he located for prac- tice in Champaign county, Illinois, entering upon the active work for which he had prepared. Two vears later he came to Barr\r, where he located permanently and soon he had secured a large and gratifying practice in the city and vicinity. His ability was early recognized and his labors were crowned with a measure of success that is only possible to the capable physician who com- bines with his scientific knowledge a broad hu- manitarian spirit. Dr. Doyle was married in Champaign county, Illinois, October 29, 1867, to Miss Mary Bart- ley, whose birth occurred in that county on the 18th of May, 1847. Her father, James Bartley, is still living in that county at, the advanced age of eighty-nine years. Dr. and Mrs. Doyle en- tered upon what proved to be a most happy mar- ried relation, possessing genial natures that made their home life one of much joy. Unto them were born a daughter and son : Sadie, who is now the wife of Frank M. McNeal, who is engaged in the stock business with his wife's brother, while they make their home with her mother ; and Charles Doyle, who is night operator at the de- pot at Barry and is engaged in the stock business with his brother-in-law. In March, 1894, the the town of Barry was largely destroyed by fire and on the 31st of that month Dr. Doyle, whose home had been completely consumed in the flames, and who was stopping temporarily with his friend, W. I. Klein, started out, after eating breakfast, to make his morning round of visits to his country patients. He got into his cart, in which he usually drove and stopped at the post- office and on attempting to enter his cart again he missed his footing, fell backward and pulled his horse over on him, receiving injuries from which he died on the 4th of April, 1894. The ac- cident occurring on the public street was wit- nessed by a number of people, many of whom sprang to his relief. He was picked up and car- ried into the office of W. I. Klein and Dr. ]\Ic- Kinney was immediately summoned. The prac- ticed eye of the physician saw at a glance that the injury was a serious one and upon his order Dr. Doyle was taken to the home of Mr. Klein, where every resource of medical skill and knowledge was brought to bear, but without avail. His brother Theodore Doyle, of Kansas City, was telegraphed for and arrived at the bedside of his brother on Sunday morning, never leaving him until he had breathed his last. Another brother. Dr. y\nthony Doyle, arrived only in time to at- tend the funeral. ■ Dr. Doyle was widely recognized as a man of many splendid traits of character, of strong in- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 241 increasing success. He was married in Philadel- pliia, in 1834, to Miss Ellen B. Haines, and they became the parents of five children, but Bethuel H. Rowand of this review is the only one now liv- ing. The parents were strongly attached to the Baptist church, and were active workers in its interest. Mr. Rowand was likewise a stalwart republican ; and he belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was a man of frank, open manner, of a generous and jovial disposi- tion, and was a favorite with all who knew him. He died January 25, 1902, at the advanced age of almost eighty-nine years, while his wife passed awa)' May 19, 1891. Bethuel H. Rowand was educated in the public schools and was trained to business life in his father's store, where he acted as a clerk from the age of twelve years until the ist of October, 1897. He then purchased the interest of his fa- ther and brother John R. in the drug business and has since been closely associated with the conduct of this enterprise in Barry. In the meantime, however, he rendered valu- able aid to his country in the dark days of the Civil w ar, enlisting in the Union Army from Pike county on the 27th of May, 1862, to serve for three months. Pie was mustered into the United States service at Camp Butler, Springfield, Illi- nois, June 20, 1862, as a corporal in Company B, of the Sixty-eighth Regiment of Illinois Volun- teers under command of Captain Daniel F. Cof- fey and Colonel Elias Stewart. The regiment was enlisted in response to a call made by Governor Yates in the early summer for troops to serve three months in connection with the state militia, and the muster of the regiment was effected early in June. Soon afterward, however, the Sixty- eighth Illinois was mustered into the United States service, and after the rendezvous at Springfield left Camp Butler, July 5, 1862, pro- ceeding by rail to Wheeling, West Virginia, where the troops arrived on the 7th. Two days later they moved on to Washington, D. C, re- maining at the so-called "soldiers' retreat" until the nth, when they proceeded by boat down the Potomac to Alexandria, Virginia. They then marched about two miles to Camp Taylor, where thev remained for two weeks, when they were transferred to a more healthful location upon higher ground about two miles above Alexandria near the Potomac. The regiment was later de- tailed on provost guard duty in the city of Alex- andria, and became proficient in the manual of arms, battalion and company movements. Al- though never under fire, the men performed the duties assigned them with alacrity, and not a man of the regiment would have hesitated had they been called upon to face the enemy on the battle- field. The Sixty-eighth Illinois was assigned the duty of caring for the wounded as they were sent into Alexandria after the sanguinary battle of Bull Run. On the 17th of September they were ordered to Camp Butler to be mustered out, which occurred on the 26th of September, 1862, the troops receiving their final pay on the 1st of October. Mr. Rowand was constantly with his command during his service and received an hon- orable discharge at Camp Butler, but he still felt that he owed a duty to his country, and on the 5th of May, 1864, he re-enlisted from Pike county for one hundred days, being mustered into the United States service on the 5th of June as ser- geant of Company F, One Himdred and Thirty- seventh Illinois Infantry under command of Cap- tain Robert B. Robison and Colonel John Wood. This regiment was organized in response to Gov- ernor Yates's call for volunteers to relieve the veteran troops stationed on duty at the front. Re- cruiting for this regiment was begun in May, 1864, and the organization was completed at Camp Wood in Quincy by Colonel John Wood, who was mustered into the service with the regi- ment June 5, 1864, as its commander to serve for one hundred days. On the 9th of June, 1864, this command left Quincy and proceeded to IMemphis, Tennessee, where it was assigned to the -Fourth Brigade, district of Memphis, Colonel B. L. Balt- wick of the Thirty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry commanding. On the 9th of July the regiment was assi'2:ned to the Third Brigade with Colonel John Wood in command and was stationed on picket duty on the Hernando road, and eight miles north. This regiment was actively engaged in Forrest's raid on Memphis, Tennessee, losing several men in killed, wounded and missing. Its officers and men evinced the highest soldierly 242 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY qualities, making a creditable military record as supporters and defenders of the Union, and Pres- ident Lincoln tendered them the thanks of the o'overnment and the people for their services, each member of the regiment receiving a personal letter from the president. The regiment was mus- tered out at Spring-field, September 24, 1864, and Mr. Rowand was again at liberty to return to his home. On the nth of June, 1866, occurred the mar- riage of Bethuel H. Rowand and Miss Charlotte Gray, a native of Pike county and a daughter of Thomas T. and Frances (Crandall) Gray. The father was born in Rensselaer county, New York, in 1812, and was the youngest in a family of thir- teen children. The wife was born in the same county in 1820. They reared seven daughters and three sons, namely : Eugene, Melissa, Henr)', Charlotte, Josephine, Fannie, Florence, Gertrude, Halbert and Hattie. Of this number Eugent served in the Sixty-eighth and the Twen- ty-eighth regiments of Illinois Infantry, and Henry in the Twenty-eighth Illinois Volunteers. The parents came to Pike county with their re- spective parents and were married here : and Mr. Gray was one of the leading merchants of Barry for many years. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Rowand was born a daugh- ter, Male, who is now the wife of Captain John T. Nance, commanding Company I, Ninth Cali- fornia Regiment of the United States Regulars, located at Berkeley, California. Fie is also in- structor in the State University there and has served on the stafT of General McArthur and Fred Grant and General Chaffee. Captain and Mrs. Nance have one son, Curtis H., who has recently graduated from the State University. In 1891, Mr. Rowand was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 29th of July of that year. On the ist of September, 1892, he married Mrs. Ella IT. Mc- Clain, nee Floyle, who was born in Pike county, May 31, 1859. By her tirst husband she had one son, George Montgomery McClain, who was born in 1833 and is now assisting in the Rowand drug store. Mrs. Rowand is a daughter of Tieorge and Elizabeth (Hillman ) Hovle, the former a native of England, and the latter of Ohio, in which state she was reared by a family of Friends or Quakers. In his boyhood days George Hoyle accompanied his parents to Ken- tucky, and the family afterward came to Pike county, Illinois, casting in their lot with the pio- neer settlers here. Mr. Hoyle followed the oc- cupation of farming, continuing his connection with agricultural pursuits in Pike county up to the time of his death. Mr. Rowand has been engaged in the drug business in Barry on his own account since he purchased his father's store in 1897. He is now proprietor of the best establishment of this char- acter in the city, the store being neat and tasteful in its appointments and equipped with a large line of drugs and kindred supplies. He also owns a fine home on Diamond Hill, where he resides. Recognized as a stalwart advocate and earnest worker in the ranks of the republican party in his county, he has been called to public office and has been a member of the cit}' council, also city clerk and clerk of Barry township. He is prominent in fraternal circles, belonging to Barry lodge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M., and Barry chapter, No. 88, R. A. M., while both he and his wife are mem- bers of the Eastern Star. He is an Odd Fellow, connected with New Canton Militant, thus re- ceiving the highest rank in Odd Fellowship. He has been noble grand, and has occupied all of the chairs in the order. A charter member of John Tucker post. No. 154, G. A. R,, he has served as its commander for the past three years, and has recently been re-elected to that office. His wife is an active member of the Woman's Relief Corps and of the Eastern Star. His interest and activity thus touch many lines relating to material, social and moral progress, and the legal and political status of the communitv. PERRY C. ALLEN. Perry C. Allen, district agent for the Phoenix Insurance Companv of Brooklyn, New York, agent for the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, of the Royal Insurance Company of Liverpool', England, the Northern Assurance PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 243 Company of London, England, and the Insurance Compan}' of North America at Philadelphia, was born in Harrison county, Kentucky, on the 29th of September, 1867, his parents being Joseph M. and Ruth A. (Wells) Allen, of Pike county. The father was born in Kentucky and was a son of David Allen, also a native of that state. In Ken- tucky he followed the occupation of farming until 1865, when he came to Pike county, Illinois, settling near Pittsfield upon a farm of one hun- dred and six acres, which he purchased. Subse- quently he sold that property and later bought one hundred and eighty-four acres near Pleasant Hill, carrying on general agricultural pursuits there until 1891, when he sold out and returned to Kentucky, where he was born, in order that he might take care of his aged father. He, however, became ill and died before his father. He passed away in 1893, at the age of eighty-sixyears, while Joseph M. .-Vllen died in i89i,at the age of fifty- four years. His widow is still living and makes her home in Pittsfield. In their family were four sons : Perry C. ; Will E., who married Mamie Hoyl and lives in Pueblo, Colorado, where he is engaged in mining ; George W., living in Pittsfield ; and Joseph C, also of this city. Perry C. Allen acquired his education in the common schools of this county and in the Gem City Business College of Quincy, Illinois, and en- tered business life for himself when twenty-six years of age, becoming proprietor of a livery stable which he conducted for three years, when on account of losing his right arm as the result of a fall he was obliged to sell out. After going to St. Louis, however, and having his arm am- putated he resumed business as a liveryman and continued in that line for two years, when failing health again obliged him to sell out and he turned his attention to the insurance business in 1897. To this he has since given his time and energies. He entered the employ of the Phoenix Insurance Company, and was so successful that in 1904 he was promoted to the position of dis- trict agent in association with his former partner, G. H. Wike, of Barry, Illinois. He is now dis- trict agent for the Phoenix Insurance Company for western Illinois, appointing agents and super- intending their work in this part of the state. He also represents the Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany of New York, the Royal Insurance Com- pany of Liverpool, England, the Northern Assur- ance Company of North America and writes a large amount of business each year. He is also coal oil inspector for Pike county. In 1892 Mr. Allen was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Sitton, of Nebo, Illinois, and they had two children: Merrill, born in 1894; and Minnie in 1896. The wife and mother died in the latter year, and Mr. Allen has again been mar- ried. Miss Daisy Hawkins, of Cincinnati, Ohio, becoming his wife in 1903. They have one child, Alarion, born in 1904. In his political views Mr. Allen is a democrat and for four years has held the office of justice of the peace. He belongs to Pericles lodge. No. 428, Knights of Pythias, at Perry, Illinois, is a member of the Fraternal Mystic Circle of Colum- bus, Ohio, and the tribe of Ben Hur at Craw- fordsville, Indiana. His religious faith is indi- cated by his membership in the Christian church, while his wife is a member of the Methodist church. He owns a beautiful home in the south- eastern part of Pittsfield, standing in the midst of a half block of land. It is indeed one of the finest and most attractive residences of the city, pleasantly situated about two blocks from the public square. He has his office on the west side of the square with the Pike County Abstract Company, and is justly regarded as a most ener- getic, enterprising man, who in his business ex- emplifies the typical spirit of the west. GEORGE W. SMITH George W. Smith, who carries on general agricultural pursuits on section 35, Hardin town- ship, and is also well known as a stock-raiser and feeder, has a farm of one hundred and fifty-five acres, which is well improved. It is a valuable tract of land, responding readily to the care and labor bestowed upon it. Mr. Smith has been a lifelong representative of agricultural interests in Pike county. His birth occurred in Hadley township. September 24, 1868, his parents being Jesse A. and Elizabeth (Robertson) Smith. The 244 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNT '^. father was a native of A'lrginia and was a son of Jesse B. Smith, whose birth also occurred in the Old Dominion, whence he removed with his faniilv to Illinois about 1847, settling in Pike count\-. Here Jesse A. Smith on arriving at years of maturity wedded Mrs. Elizabeth Robertson, nee Alontgomerv. He chose farming as a life work and improved a tract of land in Hadley township, where he lived for some years, after which he removed to Pleasant Hill township. He afterward began the development of another farm, upon which he continued for several years, and reared his family there. Eventually he disposed of that propert}- and bought the place upon which his son, George W. Smith, now resides, owning there one hundred and twenty acres of rich and arable land. He continued the work of farming and further improving the propert}' and he built to and remodeled his house. In all of his labor he was energetic and progressive and the splendid appearance of his property was indicative of his life of activity and unfaltering determination. He spent his remaining days upon the old farm homestead, here passing awav in 1899, while his wife died the year previous. In the family were three children : George W., of this review; Jesse, a resident farmer of Hardin township ; and Margaret, who became the wife of Samuel AVindmiller, but both are now de- ceased. George W. Smith largelv passed his youth in Pleasant Hill township, where he acquired a common-school education. Pie remained with his father until the latter's death and assisted in carrying on the work of the home farm. Fol- lowing his father's demise he took charge of the property and business, succeeding to a part of the old homestead. On the 31st of August, 1894, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Lord, wdio was born and reared in Martinsburg township, and is a daughter of Curtis Lord, one of the early settlers from Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have had no children of their own but have reared the two children of- a deceased sister, Anna and C. Bliss Windmillcr. The latter is a student in the home school. Politically Mr. Smith is a democrat and cast his first presidential ballot for William Jennings Br)'an. He was elected and served for two terms as assessor and is recognized as an active worker in the ranks of his party, serving as a delegate to county conventions and doing all in his power to promote democratic successes. His wife is a mem- ber of the Church of Christ of Martinsburg. Mr. Smith is recognized as one of the active, pros- perous and well-to-do agriculturists of Hardin township, carefully carrying on the work of the fields as well as stock-raising. His entire life has been passed in Pike county, where he is recognized as a man of good business ability, having the confidence and esteem of the commu- nit}'. His home is one of hospitality and good cheer and he and his estimable wife have a large circle of warm friends. JAMES A. FARRAND. James A. Farrand, one of the organizers of the Illinois Valle}' Bank of Griggsville and now serving as second vice-president of that institu- tion, was born in this city, September 16, 1854. The Farrands w'ere descended from a French Hu- guenot famih', whose estates were forfeited in the persecution of the sixteenth and early part of the seventeenth centuries. Some of the family, es- caping from France, appear to have settled in England on the border of Wales, while others went to the north of Ireland and tradition says that the branch of the family to w^hich our subject belongs was descended from those who became residents of the Emerald Isle. In France the name was sometimes spelled Ferrand. James A. Farrand traces his ancestrv back to Nathaniel, who became a resident of Milford, Connecticut, in 1645 ^"d comes on down the line through Nathaniel Farrand, second ; Samuel Farrand, who toward the close of the seventeenth century settled in Newark, New Jersey ; Ebenezer Farrand, who lived in Bloomfield, New Jersev, to Bethuel Far- rand, who lived in Parsippany, Morris county. New Jersey, and who was the great-grandfather of our subject. He was enrolled among the Jersey provincials, held a lieutenant's commission and J. A. FARRAND PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 247 commanded a company of troops in the Revolu- tionary war, serving with honor and distinction. His wife, Rhoda Smith Farrand, was the heroine of a ballad written by her great-granddaughter, Eleanor A. Hunter, celebrating her arduous and heroic work in behalf of the soldiers in response to a letter from her husband, who told of the hard conditions which the army were undergoing at Morristown, that many of the men were bare- footed and were walking with bleeding feet in the snow. Fie sent his letter with a request for stock- ings and immediately setting her daughters to work at the task of knitting them she instructed her son Dan to hitch the horses to the wagon and drive to the neighbors to solicit their aid and on the way ]\Irs. Farrand, seated in a chair, also con- tinued the work of knitting. She took her famous ride on Saturday and on Monday, owing to the untiring industry of the women and girls of the neighborhood, she was able to carry one hundred and thirty-three pairs to the soldiers at Morris- town. The marriage of Bethuel Farrand and Rhoda Smith occurred in 1762 and they became the parents of eleven children. Samuel Farrand, the seventh child of this fam- ily, was born September 7, 1781, and was married in 1806 to Mary Kitchel, who was born June 14, 1789. They removed to Leoni, Michig-an, in 1835 and there shared in the hardships of frontier life. Samuel Farrand died in 1848, while his wife's death occurred in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1856. Their son, Elbridge Gerry Farrand, was the father of James A. Farrand and was born in Ad- dison county, Vermont, November 13, 1814. He was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Mc- Williams, a daughter of James McWilliams, who was born in Belmont county, Ohio, March 12, 1802, and was a son of Alexander McWilliams, who was born on shipboard while his parents were en route to America in 1776. He was of Scotch descent and the family home was estab- lished at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, where Alex- ander McWilliams acquired his education. At the age of twenty-two years he married Miss Jane Paxton, of Fayette county,- Pennsylvania, and unto them were born three children, of whom James was the youngest. The mother died in 1803 and the father afterward married again, liav- ing eleven children by the second union. He died at his home in Ohio at the age of sixty-five years. James McWillams, the maternal grandfather of James A. Farrand, acquired the greater part of his education in the schools of Ohio and in his youth was largely employed on his' father's farm. In 1824 he married Marg-aret Latimer, a daughter of Alexander Latimer, formerly of Scotland. They had a family of eight children and in 1834 Mr. McWilliams removed to Illinois, spending the succeeding winter at Naples. In the spring of 1835 he took up his abode on a farm near Griggs- ville. Pike count}', and on the 28th of December, 1838, his wife died there. In June, 1839, he mar- ried Lucretia Prescott, a native of Groton, Massa- chusetts. In 1838 Mr. IMcWilliams was elected to the Illinois legislature, from Pike county on the democratic ticket, serving during the last session held at Vandalia and the first session held in Springfield. In 1848 he engaged in the lumber trade, which business he carried on for many years. During the period of the Civil war he was a stanch supporter of Lincoln's administration and his son, Captain John McWilliams, served for niuetv days in the Eighth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Richard Oglesby. Immediately after returning home he re-enlisted and was with Sherman on the cele- brated march to the sea. Elbridge G. Farrand left his native state at the age of eighteen years and went to Michigan, where he remained until 1845, ^^ which year he removed to Morgan county, Illinois. In 1849 ^^ went to California, where he remained until 1852, when he returned to Morgan county, Illinois, but soon afterward came to Griggsville. Here he was a member of the mercantile firm of R. B. Hatch & Company, who erected a business block and for a number of years conducted a leading mercantile enterprise of this city. In 1861 he embarked in the lumber business at Griggsville Landing in connection with his father-in-law, Hon. James McWilliams, and they dealt in doors, sash, blinds, etc., carrying a stock valued at from twelve to fifteen thousand dollars. Mr. Farrand was asso- ciated with his father-in-law till the latter's death, after which he continued the business alone until March, 1885, when he sold out with the intention PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of livino- retired, but h-e passed away soon after- ward on the 2d of ^lay of that year. Followin;;- his marriagx' Elbridg€ Gerry Far- rand became a resident of Grigg'sville, IlHnois, where he remained up to the time of his death, which occurred IMay 2, 1885. He had four chil- dren : James A. : ]\[ulford K., who was born De- cember 28, 1856, and is engaged in farming in Pittsfield township ; Flarvey L., who was born September 2"/, 1859, and is a mining broker re- siding in Jophn, Missouri ; and Frederick H., who was born .Vpril 24, 1871, and is cashier of the IlHnois A^alle}- Bank at Griggsville. Mr. Farrand was well known as a man of modest retiring dis- position but of firm convictions and of untarnished integrity and those most closely connected with him in his luisiness relations throughout all the }'ears of his residence in Griggsville never had occasion to doubt his honor nor honesty. His wife, who was born at Scotch Ridge, Belmont county, Ohio, July 3, 1827, survived him for a number of years, passing away January 23, 1903. The eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Mc- Williams, she came with her parents during the fall of 1834 to Illinois, the prospective point of settlement being Tremont in Tazewell county, but the closing of the Illinois river prevented farther progress, and, November 20, the family landed at Naples, where the wihter was spent. Being at- tracted by the agricultural features of this section of the country, ]\Ir. McWilliams came to Griggs- ville, purchasing the farm now owned by John Craven, and many will recall the interesting rem- iniscences of the pioneer life of that time which Mrs. Farrand never tired of relating. Possessing a marvelous memor)-, her mind was a store house of information, especially concerning the early history of this place, and none cjuestioned the ac- curac_\- of her statements. December 28, 1838, the family removed to the town, and the following year the house, which by a strange coincidence, is now the home of Mr. Craven, was erected and for seventeen years was the family residence. Eliza- beth J. McWilliams was married October 25, 1853, to ilr. Elbridge Gerry Farrand, and in 1854 the house was built under whose roof were reared the four sons, James .\le.\ander, Mulford Kitchel, Harvey Latimer and Frederick Heman. Her generosit}- was so quietly, so unostentatiously be- stowed, that many a benefaction escaped notice. Beneath a somewhat rugged exterior beat a warm, sympathetic heart, overflowing with love for her four boys, which manifested itself in tenderest care extending also to all boys for their sake. Many a inan now in middle life will recall the time spent with the "Farrand boys" around the even- ing lamp, while school task and game, story and jest filled the quickly flying hours. The house remains, but the home has gone with the strong character which was its center. Only a memory is left — the memory of a kind neighbor, a trusted friend and a loving mother. Phineas Farrand, a brother of Elbridge G. Far- rand, was born at Bridgeport, Vermont, and was married in 1836 in that state to Harriet Wheelock. The same year he removed to Jackson, Michigan, and became a member of the law firm of Farrand, Higbee & Johnson, which was the first law firm in that place. Following his death in 1855, his widow removed to Lansing, where she died in her seventieth year. She had been a member of the Episcopal church for nearly forty years. James x\. Farrand pursued his education in the public schools and worked in his father's lumber- yard until August I, 1873, on which date the Griggsville National Bank was organized and he became bookkeeper and assistant cashier in that institution. Later he was promoted to the posi- tion of cashier in 1893 and so continued until igoi, when he and his brother Frederick organ- ized the Illinois Valley Bank, which opened its doors for business on the 24th of September, 1902. ITe is now the second vice president of the insti- tution, which constitutes his connection with the business interests of Griggsville at the present time. Mr. Farrand was married in Quincy, Illinois, April 29, 1903, to Miss Annie Craven, the wed- ding being celebrated in the cathedral by the Rev. Walter H. Moore, dean of the diocese. Mrs. Far- rand was born in Griggsville township, February 26, 1869, and is a daughter of John and Henrietta (George) Craven, who are mentioned on another page of this work. Mr. and Mrs. Farrand now have one child, Henrietta Crowther, who was born February 10, 1905. Mr. Farrand belongs to PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 24uis ; Henry L. Allen, of Kansas ; and Dr. A. R. Allen, of Eradshaw, Nebraska. Mrs. Ellis began her education in the common schools of Detroit township and afterward con- tinued her studies in Pittsfield and subsequently eng-aged in teaching for three years. She is a lady of refinement and culture and she and her husband are accorded a promment position in social circles here. They have become the parents of seven children : Thomas H., who was born July II, 1874, married Alberta Elliot and lives in Detroit, Illinois. John A., born October 14, 1875, married Maud Elliot and lives on the old homestead in Detroit township. Charles I. born April 20, 1877, married Lenn'a Scarborough and is living in Detroit township. Elizabeth, born August 31, 1879, is in a training school for nurses in Chicago. Louise, born July 2, 1881, is at home. Arthur C, born September 21, 1883, is living on the old homestead farm with his brother. Richard M., born y\ugust i, 1885, is attending the Gem City Business College, at Quincy, Illinois. The parents are members of the Methodist church and ]Mr. Ellis belongs to Benjamin Moore post, G. A. R., of Detroit. He gives his political support to the republican party and his sons, John A. and Thomas, have each served as assessor of Detroit township. In matters of citizenship Mr. Ellis is as faithful and loyal to his home localit, his state and nation as when he followed the old flag upon Southern battle-fields. He made a cred- itable record as a soldier, doing his full duty toward the cause he espoused and in all life's relations he has manifested an unfaltering attach- ment to the principles in which he has believed and the honorable course of life which he has marked out. His business interests, honorably conducted, have brought him creditable success so that now he is enabled to enjoy a well earned rest in Pittsfield. WILLIAM STULTS. William Stults, living on section 14, Newburg township, is a veteran of the Civil war — one of the few remaining old soldiers who can relate from personal experience the events and happenings of the 'boys in blue" who fought for the old flag upon southern battle-fields. He is now classed with the prosperous farmers and stock-raisers of Pike county, where he owns a good farm of one hundred and sixty acres. He dates his residence in Newburg township from 1867, having come to this state from Ohio. His birth occurred in Highland county, Ohio, October 15, 1841. There the birth of his father, Joseph Stults, also occurred and in that county he was married to Miss Ruth Tedrow, also a native of the same locality. The PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 257 father's death occurred when his son William was very young and the mother died when he was six or seven years of age, therefore Mr. Stults of this review has depended upon his own resources from early youth, so that whatever success he has obtained is attributable entirely to his own efforts. He obtained a common-school education and worked by the month as a farm hand for several years, early learning the value of industry and enterprise as concomitant factors in a success- ful career. At the time of the Civil war, how- ever, he put aside all business and personal con- siderations, enlisting for active service on the 1st of June, 1861, as a member of Company I, Twen- ty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He joined the army for three years and did active service in Tennessee and other parts of the south. He was in the engagement at Shiloh and in the bat- tles of Stone River and Chickamauga. At the last named he was taken prisoner and was incar- cerated at Richmond and at Danville, Virginia, subsequent to which time he was sent to Ander- sonville and afterward to Charleston and Florence, thus being in five different rebel prisons, being held for one thousand four hundred and twenty days. At length he \vas paroled and passed through the lines at Charleston. For eight months after the term of his enlistment he continued with the army, serving until January, 1865, when he returned home after being honorably discharged at Columbus, Ohio. He made a creditable mili- tary record, never faltering in the performance of duty whether on the picket line or on the firing line. Following the war William Stults gave his at- tention to farming in Ohio until 1867, when he came to Pike county, Illinois. Here he was again employed by the month at farm labor until he was enabled to begin farming on his own account. On the 1st of October, 1874, he wedded Miss Ellen Kiser, a native of this county, who was born and reared here and is a daughter of Jacob Kiser, one of the early settlers of Virginia, who removed from the Old Dominion to Ohio and afterward became a resident of Indiana. They have had no children but took Belle Fereman to raise when she was seven years of age. She remained with them until her marriage to George Stephenson. She died November 9, 1905. After his marriage Mr. Stults located on the eighty acres adjoining his present farm. He first bought seventy-eight acres which he cultivated and im- proved and afterward he purchased the eighty acres upon which he is now living, having alto- gether a valuable property of one hundred and sixly acres. Here he has built a substantial resi- dence in modern st^de of architecture. He also has good bams upon the place and well kept fences. He carries on stock-raising, making a specialty of sheep and is well known in this regard, producing some fine animals upon his place. Politically Mr. Stults has socialistic ten- dencies. He has, however, been without aspir- ation for office and would never consent to become a candidate for political preferment. He is a member of Detroit lodge, I. O. O. F., and the Modern Woodmen camp and both he and his wife are connected with the Rebekah degree of the former. Mr. Stults is one who has achieved success in the face of difficulties and obstacles. He started out in life empty-handed but he soon came to a realization of the worth and value of earnest, persistent labor, and through his enter- prise and unfaltering diligence he has steadily worked his wa)' upward to success. HENRY S. LOYD. No history of the commercial advancement and development of Pittsfield would be complete with- out mention of Henry S.Loyd, now deceased, who for many years was connected with the hardware trade and whose life of activity and honor char- acterized by close adherance to a high standard of commercial ethics won for him the trust and good will of his fellowmen. He was born in York, Pennsylvania, on the 1 6th of January, 1839, ^^^ was a son of John Loyd, also a native of the Key- stone state. His boyhood and youth were passed in that state and his education was acquired in the common schools there. He entered upon his business career as an employe in the hardware store when eighteen years of ,age and for some time was bookkeeper for Henry Small in York, 258 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Pennsylvania. He came to Pittsfield, Illinois, when twenty-four years of age and established a restaurant, which he conducted until re entered the employ of Charles Adams, a dry-goods mer- chant. Later he worked in a hardware store for Dr. Seely and was with him for some time, when he began in the hardware business on his own account and to the conduct of his store devoted his remaining days. As the years passed he de- veloped the largest hardware enterprise in Pitts- field, selling stoves, ranges and in fact all kinds of shelf and heavy hardware and farm machinery. His business methods were such as to neither seek nor require disguise, his integrity standing as an unquestioned fact in his career. He received a very liberal share of the public patronage and won the trust of his many customers by his straight- forward dealing. On the sth of June, 1865, Mr. Loyd was united in marriage with Miss Anna C. Wildin, also a native of York, Pennsylvania, born in 1843. She was a daughter of John Wildin, who came to this country from Germany and the Loyd family was also of German lineage although several gener- ations of the family have resided in America. John Wildin came to Pike county, Illinios, in 1857, and turned his attention to carpenter work and the business of a stone mason in this locality. In his family were six children, of whom three are now living. Mr. and J\Irs. Loyd became the parents of five children :AVill,who is residing upon a farm in Pilce county ; John, who is a tinner by trade; Flora E., the wife of Wiley Sanderson; Eunice, at home ; and Arthur, who is an elec- trician of Pittsfield. Mr. Loyd belonged to the Masonic fraternity and the Modern Woodmen camp and he also held membership in the Christian church in which he served as deacon for three decades and was, at one time, superintendent of the Sunday-school. His wife yet belongs to that church. Mr. Loyd died June 18, 1900. He was well liked by all who knew him, possessed a kindly spirit and was ever ready to help in any enterprise that tended to aid the individual or the community. His suc- cess was due to his own energy and the high ideals which his laudable ambition placed before him. Success in any walk of life is an indication of earnest endeavor and persevering eiifort — char- acteristics that Mr. Loyd possessed in an eminent degree. His influence could always be counted upon in behalf of any movement for the advance- ment of the interests of the home people, and his views upon questions of public policy were pro- nounced although he never sought to figure promi- nently in political office, preferring to give his attention to his business afliairs and the enjoyment of his home life. Mrs. Loyd, still living in Pitts- field, owns and occupies a fine residence in this city and also has ten acres of land. GAY WILLIAMSON. Gay Williamson, a farmer residing in Pitts- field,' is a son of James and Ellen (Hay den) Williamson. The father was native of Ohio, born in 1838, and a son of Jesse Williamson, of Paltimorc, Mar^dand, who was of Irish descent, After removing to Ohio the father followed the occupation of farming and in 1857 he came with his family to Pike county, Illinois, settling in Newburg township, where he purchased one hun- dred and sixty acres of land. At once he began development, cultivation and improvement of that property and he spent his remaining days in Pike county, his death occurring in 1894. His son, James Williamson, was educated in the common schools and at Pittsburg (Pennsylvania) Com- mercial College. After coming to Pike county he devoted his attention to general agricultural pur- suits, having purchased a tract in Newburg town- ship. He is now the owner of eighty acres of well improved land, constituting an excellent farm and has been placed under a high state of cultivation and is improved with modern equipments. It is devoted to the production of the crops best adapted to soil and climate and in addition to his property Mr. Williamson owns a grain elevator and feed mill and is conducting a large and pro- fitable business in Pittsfield. He makes his home, however, upon his farm, which is pleasantly and conveniently located about a mile west of the city. His political views are in accord with republican principles and he is a member of the Masonic PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 259 fraternity. Mr. Williamson is popular with his fellow townsmen, is an upright, honorable and energetic business man and is well liked by all who know him. In his family are two children : Orvey, who is cashier of the National Bank, at Barry, Illinois ; and Gay, of this review. In the public schools of Pittsfield Gay William- son acquired his preliminary education which was supplemented by a course in the Quincy Com- mercial College. During" his early manhood he assisted his father in the mill and in the conduct of the coal business for three years, and since that time has devoted his attention to farm in- terests. His wife owns three hundred and sixty acres of fine land, of which three hundred acres lie in New Salem township and the remainder in Griggsville township. This is well improved prop- erty in good condition of cultivation and upon it substantial buildings have been erected. Mr. Williamson superintends the farming interests and is largely engaged in the raising of stock. Being an excellent judge of domestic animals he is thus enabled to make judicious purchases and profitable sales and as a stock dealer is widely known. On the i8th of November, 1892, Mr. William- son was married to Salena Carnes, who was born in Griggsville township, a daughter of Richard and Guldy E. (Moore) Carnes. The father was born in Cadizville, Harrison county, Ohio, June 23. 1832, and was quite young when he accompa- nied his father's family to Illinois. Mrs. Carnes was born in Maryland, May 5, 1834, a daughter of John and Sarah (Simpson) Moore, who after residing for some time in Harrison township, Ohio, removed to Adams county, Illinois, and subsequent- ly came to Pike county, where they spent their re- maining days. Thomas Carnes, the great-grandfa- ther of Mrs. Williamson, served in the war of 1812. John Carnes, grandfather of Mrs. Williamson, was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in 1812, and was married to Miss Eliza Nelson, a native of the same county, whose parents, however, were born in Maryland and it is believed were of Scotch de- scent. John Carnes and his wife occupied a farm in their native county until 1854, when they came to Pike county, Illinois, settling on a partially improved tract of land in Griggsville township. They were in limited circumstances when they arrived in this state but being industrious, per- severing and prudent they met success in the con- duct of their business interests and were even- tually owners of a large farm. Mr. Carnes voted the whig ticket and both he and his wife were active in the work of the United Brethren church and contributed generously to its support. Their last days were spent in this county, Mr. Carnes passing away in New Salem township in 1870, some years after the death of his wife. Richard Carnes, father of Mrs. Williamson, had no educational privileges in his youth but in the active affairs of the life learned many valuable lessons, acquiring an excellent understanding of agricultural interests and manifesting a keen in- sight into business matters so that he became a successful and prosperous farmer. As the years passed by he invested in land until he became the owner of fifteen hundred acres divided into six farms and all well equipped with farm build- ings. Unlike many who gain wealth through their own efforts he was never sordid nor grasp- ing but was very generous with his means, giving liberally to the support of the church and various local interests. Anxious that his children should have good educational privileges and that the other young people of the neighborhood might enjoy every opportunity to acquire knowledge he became a stanch advocate of the public-school system and did everything in his power to pro- mote its efficiency. In politics he was a stalwart republican and both he and his wife were devoted and helpful members of the United Brethren church. He became a prominent and influential citizen as well as the wealthiest farmer of the county. He shipped stock on an extensive scale and in all his business undertakings met with success. In his family were nine children, five of whom are now living: Henry R., who is living retired in Griggsville township, married Lizzie White and has three children. Hays, Maggie and Emmett. George Carnes married Margaret White and is living in Griggsville township. Edward married Birdella Stone, of Quincy, and is engaged in farming and stock shipping, making his home in New Salem township. j\Iary A. is the wife of Charles Nelson, of La Harpe, Illinois, where he 26o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. is engaged in the grocery and implement business and is also a large land owner of Hancock county. They have three children, Lela, Cecil and Ruby. Mr. Carnes died July 26, 1902, leaving behind a splendid property and an honored name. His widow still resides upon the old home farm in Griggsville township. Mrs. Williamson was reared in Griggsville township, and after attending the common schools continued her education in Whitfield College. By her marriage she has become the mother of five children: Luella, born October 5, 1892; Mary Helen, May 18, 1896: Presley C, J"ly 21, 1900; Birdella, October i, 1902; and Verdon G., June I, 1904. Mr. ^ Williamson exercises his right of fran- chise in support of the men and measures of the republican party. He is a member of the Pike County Mutual Association and his wife is a member of the Congregational church. He owns a beautiful home in Pittsfield, where they reside in order to give their children the advantages of the public schools of the city. Both Mr. and Mrs. Williamson represent old families of Pike county and are held in high esteem throughout this por- tion of the state, enjoying the warm friendship and kindly regard of all who know them. HON. EDWARD DOOCY. Hon. Edward Dooc}', former county judge of Pike county and a lawyer of ability, now serving as master in chancery, was born at Griggsville, Illinois, on the iqth of (Ictober, 1851. He comes of Irish lineage, his parents, James and Sarah (Tracey) Doocy, being natives of County Tip- perary, Ireland, whence they emigrated to Amer- ica in 1848. They made their way directly to the Mississippi valley and after about three years passed in St. Louis, came to Pike county in 185 1, at which time they took up their abode in Griggsville. There the father continued to reside until his death, which occurred in 1874. His widow afterward removed to Pittsfield, where she made her home for several years, and thence removed to Springfield, where she died on March 7, 1903, aged seventy-nine years. Judge Doocy was the eldest of seven children, five of whom are yet living. He continued his studies through successive grades of the public schools until he had graduated from the high school at Griggsville, and later he became a stu- dent in the Illinois College at Jacksonville, from which he was graduated in the class' of 1871. Later he spent one year as a teacher in Griggs- ville, after which he entered upon the study of law in the office of Judge James Ward of his na- tive city, and later with Hon. W. G. Ewings, then of Quincy. Admitted to the bar before the Illi- nois supreme court in January, 1874, he practiced for the following eight years in Griggsville, and from 1879 until 1883 was city attorney there. In 1882 he received the democratic nomination for county judge and was elected by a handsome ma- jority, so that in December of the same year he removed to Pittsfield in order that he might be more conveniently near the court at the time of its session. Here he has since made his home ; and on the expiration of his first term of four years he was re-elected in 1886 and once more in 1890, so that his incumbency covered twelve years. Since his retirement from the bench he has prac- ticed law in Pittsfield, and is now serving as mas- ter in chancery. The favorable judgment which the world passed upon him at the outset of his career has in no degree been set aside or modi- fied, but on the contrary, has been strengthened by the capable manner in which he has acted as counselor or advocate, and by the fearless dis- charge of his duty on the bench for his record as a judge was in harmony with his record as a man and a lawyer — characterized by unswerving in- tegrity and by the masterful grasp of every prob- lem presented for solution. In 1886 he formed a law partnership with Henry Bush under the firm name of Doocy & Bush, which was continued with marked success for several years. He has a large and distinctively representative clientage that connects him with the important litigation tried in the courts of his district. He has con- ducted a large number of cases through the ap- pellate and supreme courts of Illinois, and has met with marked success in those courts. On the 28th of December, 1886, Judge Doocy was married to Miss Clara L. Butler, of Griggs- EDWARD DOOCY PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 263 ville, a daughter of E. W. Butler, one of the pio- neer residents of Adams and Pike counties, who came to lUinois from Connecticut in 1835 and died in 1889. Mrs. Butler now resides in Pitts- field, with Judge and Mrs. Doocy. Judge and Mrs. Doocy had six children, one of whom died in infancy. The others are Clara Louise, Edward Butler, Elmer Tiffany, Helen Laura and Clar- ence Wellington. Judge and Mrs. Doocy are prominent socially and the hospitality of theii pleasant home is greatly enjoyed by many friends. In community affairs the Judge is deeply inter- ested and his opinions have proven of value in the general work of development and upbuilding, while his co-operation has been a tangible factor in the general good. He served for a year as president of the board of trustees of Pittsfield, and was largely instrumental in organizing Pitts- field as a city. For three years he was president of the board of education, and succeeded in organ- izing the board of education under the general law. His attention, however, is more largely given to his law practice, and in his chosen life work he has won high encomiums from the legal fraternity and the public as well. MISS MARY M. DOOCY. No historv of the educational development of Pike county would be complete without a men- tion of many of the eminent teachers, who gave their lives to this noble profession of teaching the young. Prominent among others was Miss Mary M. Doocy, who was born at Griggsville, Illi- nois, and graduated at the high school in that city in 1876. She taught her first school in what is now district No. 60, in the Ingram neighborhood in the northeast part of Perry township. She next conducted successful schools in South Flint and Aliddle Flint. From there she was employed in the Griggsville schools for several years, and then in the Pittsfield schools for a number of years. Her last teaching was in the schools of Sangamon county, Illinois, where she taught four years. The last few years she was employed by Hon. David Ross, state secretary of the bureau of labor statistics, and by the mercantile firm of John Lutz of Springfield, Illinois. While in the last employment she was taken suddenly ill, and after a short illness died on the 7th day of Au- gust, A. D., 1905, at Springfield, Illinois. Miss Doocy was a natural teacher. She had splendid talents and tact and always had the fac- ult}- of drawing out the minds of the young peo- ple whom she taught, and teaching them to think for themselves. She was always cheerful and al- ways looked on the bright side of everything, be- lieving that cheerfulness was one of the essential elements of a good school. Commencing to teach at the age of seventeen she gave twenty-seven years of her life to that profession. She is kindly remembered by hundreds of people, who were once her students. RICHARD D. BAGBY. Richard D. Bagby, a representative of agri- cultural interests, was born in Pike county November i, 1848, and is a son of Larkin and Rachel (Kinman) Bagby, the former a native of Montgomery county, Kentucky, and the latter of Pike county, Indiana. The parents were young people when they came to Pike county, Illinois, the father arriving here in 1837. He resided for a considerable period near the village of Time, although after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Bagby began their domestic life in Highland township. Some years later they removed to Pittsfield township and Mrs. Bagby died dur- ing the period of the Civil war when forty-seven vears of age. She was the mother of eight children, of whom two sons and three daughters are yet living, namely: George L., a resident of Iowa; Richard D., of this review; Nancy, the wife of David Kurfman, living in Pike county, Illinois ; Mrs. Susan West, whose home is in Kansas ; and Mrs. Lucy Hornida, also of Pike county. After losing his first wife the father was married three times and died upon his farm in Pittsfield town- ship at an advanced age. Richard D. Bagby pursued his education in the common schools and in the public schools of 264 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Pittsfielcl and enlisted for service in tlie Union Army, in March, 1864, when only fifteen years of age ; hccoming" a member of Company K, Six- teenth Illinois A^olunteer Infantry, with which he served nntil the close of the war. He participated in the Atlanta campaign and went with Sherman on the celebrated march to the sea, participating in the siege of Atlanta, and the battles of Kene- saw Mountain and Bentonville, North Carolina. At one time he was in the hospital and was mus- tered out in Louisville, Kentucky, being finally cUscharged at Springfield, Illinois. Although so young he made a creditable military record which might well be envied by many a veteran of twice his years. After the war Mr. Bagby returned home and remained with his father until the latter's death, since which time he has resided upon the old homestead farm. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of fine land which is pleasantlv and con- veniently located about four m.iles from Pittsfield. His farm is well improved and evervthing about the place is indicative of the careful supervision of an owner who is practical and progressive in all his methods. He built a fine house and barn on his place and has added all the modern accessories and equipments. He now leases his land, which is devoted to general farming and stock-raising and he raises Poland China hogs on an extensive scale. Mr. Bagby gives his political allegiance to the republican party, brt has never sought or de- sired office, preferring to give his undivided attention to his business afifairs, which have been capably managed, so that he has become the possessor of a comfortable competence that now enables him to leave the more arduous duties of farm work to others. JAMES G. WILLSEY. James G. Willsey is one of the pioneer resi- dents of Pike county and a wealthy citizen, who, having accumulated a competence through his own efforts, is now living a retired life on the homestead farm in Pittsfield township. His life history is closely interwoven with the records of Pike county, especially along the line of agricul- tural development and it is therefore with pleasure that we present the story of his life to our readers. He was born in Tompkins county, New York, February 28, 1830, and was a son of Barnett and Cornelia ( Kizer ) AVillsey. Both parents were na- tives of the Empire state and in the year 1837 they removed westward, taking up their abode in Ohio, where they remained until they came to Illinois in 1840. On reaching Griggsville town- ship, Mr. Willsey had only a team and fifty cents in money. His family, however, numbered ten children and necessitated his at once securing em- ployment that would enable him to provide for their support. He, began husking corn, receiving every fifth load in compensation for his services. He was employed in differest capacities on various farms in the neighborhood and as soon as possible he purchased a cow. Soon afterward he traded his team of horses for eighty acres of land in Pittsfield township near the present home of his son James and began life there in true pioneer style. He had no near neighbors and in fact the entire country was wild and undeveloped. There was some timber upon his place, necessitating ardous labor in order to develop that part of the land into productive fields. Deer were frequently seen in large herds and wolves were numerous. In fact, every evidence of frontier life was found here and the family had to share in all the hard- ships and trials incident to the establishment of a home upon the frontier. The father built a cabin and in a few years replaced his primitive dwelling by a frame residence, hauling timber for the house upon a cart drawn b)' oxen. He remained upon this fami up to the time of his death, which oc- curred January 31, 1859. His wife survived until January 10, 1889, passing away at the advanced age of eighty-five years. Mr. AVillsey was the owner of four hundred acres of valuable land and was regarded as one of the wealthy residents of the county in that day. He was also a leading citizen, becoming a molder of public thought and a leader in public action. His political allegiance was given to the democracy and he served as county commissioner and also as school director. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 265 His efforts were of a practical and far-reaching nature and proved of much benefit to the county along the lines of material, intellectual and moral progress. Of his ten children two sons and two daughters are now living. James G. Willsey, however, is the only one now in Pike county. ITe was edu- cated in the common schools, although his privi- leges in that direction were quite limited. When ten years of age he began hard work and has always led a very industrious and useful life. He made his first purchase of land about 1855, becoming owner of one hundred and sixty acres, upon which he yet resides. This was a raw tract, but he cleared it, put all the improvements upon the property and now has fine buildings, while his farm is under a high state of cultivation. He owns two hundred and forty acres of land at the present time and gives his personal supervision to its operation, although he takes no active part in the work of the fields. He gave to his son one hundred and sixty acres. He raises some sheep, but his efforts in the line of live stock dealing are mostly given to hogs and cattle. In 1 85 1, James G. Willsey was united in mar- riage to Miss Alalinda Rogers, who was born August 14, 1830, and was a daughter of David R. and Fanny (Alcorn) Rogers. Her father was a son of Bartlett Rogers, a native of North Caro- lina, who removed from that state to Kentucky and from there to Morgan county, Illinois, locating near Williamsport, a little town on the Illinois river near Montezuma at Big Sandy creek. There he purchased on the 29th of December, 1826, a bond for a deed to lot No. 15 from John Rad- cliff, who had purchased the lot of Joseph Bent- ley for seventy dollars but before paying for it sold it to Mr. Rogers. The last named continued a resident of Williamsport for many years and there his death occurred. David Redmon Rogers, father of Mrs. Willsey, was born February 18, 1802, and when a young man went from North Carolina to Kentucky, in which state he was married to Fanny Alcorn on the 26th of February, 1824. He and his brother Robert were married at the same time and they came to Illinois together a number of years later. While in Kentucky, David R. Rogers resided on the Kentucky river near the Goose Creek Salt Works in Clay county and on coming to Illinois made his way to Wil- liamsport on the Illinois river. After a short time he removed with his family to Dutch creek near Big Spring, below Stony Point, which place was afterward the property of James Wassell. His next home was on what is known as the John Hoskins place and there he built a little cabin. Not far away was a large swamp and his children were often stationed there to keep the cattle out of the swamp. There were many wild animals in those times, including wolves, bears and panthers. The neighbors were widely scattered and the work of improvement and progress seemed scarcely begun. iVbout 1834 or 1835, Mr. Rogers re- moved to the place now owned by W. D. Shinn, making it his home until he was called to his final rest on the 21st of March, 1871, his wife sur- viving until March 10, 1873. Her brother, Ben Alcorn, built the first warehouse west of Rockport on the Mississippi river and one of the first in the county. Of the children in the Rogers family three were born in Kentucky, namely : Polly Ann, bom January 4, 1825 ; Bartlett, November 3, 1826; and Nancy Jane, February 15, 1828. The next member of the family, Mrs. Willsey, was born during the period of her parent's residence at Williamsport, while William Rogers was born on the John Hoskins farm, January i, 1833. Mr. and Mrs. Willsey have become the parents of one son, William R., who was born July 29, 1853, and married Judith A. Brown. They reside near the old family homestead and have four children : Grace Malinda, who was born June 2, 1 88 1, and is the wife of Clarence Fudge, a resident farmer of Pittsfield township, by whom she has one daughter, Nellie Frances, born April 30, 1904; Laura Edith, born October 31, 1885, and now at home ; Francis Scott, born December 12, 1887; and James Gallett, December 31, 1891. The parents are now pleasantly located in an attractive home and are enjoying the comforts and many of the luxuries of life, which have been secured through the earnest and persistent efforts of Mr. Willsey in an active business career. He has been thoroughly reliable at all times and his name is a synonym for integrity and honor in business transactions. He is a charter member of Pittsfield lodge, No. 790, A. F. & A. M., and is also a member of the chapter and commandery. 266 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. In politics lie is a democrat and has served as school director for several years and also as road commissioner. His life record is creditable and should serve as a source of inspiration and en- couragement to others, showing what can be ac- complished through earnest and determined pur- pose. He is moreover one of the pioneer residents of the county having watched its growth and de- velopment from an early day and he has a very wide acquaintance among the early settlers and those whose arrival dates at a later period, being respected by young and old, rich and poor. JOHN H. COOPER. John H. Cooper, who is living on section 23, Martinsburg township, is familiarly called "John" by his numerous friends and is accounted one of the prosperous farmers of this county, owning and conducting a farm of two hundred and seven- teen acres, which presents a neat and well im- proved appearance. He is a native son of Pike county, having been born in Pittsfield, October 10, 1836. His father, Asa D. Cooper, was born in Kentucky and was a son of George W. Cooper, who removed from Tenflessee to Kentucky and afterward to Illinois, settling in Pike county. He took up his abode here at a very early da}', prob- ably about 1832. It was in this county that Asa D. Cooper was married to Miss Eleanor Gooden, whose birth occurred in Saline county, Missouri, and who was a daughter of Robert Gooden, one of the early settlers of Pike county, who removed from Tennessee to Missouri and afterward to Illinois. Following his marriage Asa Cooper lo- cated on a farm in Martinsburg township, open- ing up a new tract of land. Later he sold that property and developed another farm, whereon he reared his family and spent his last vears, his death occurring December 29, 1858. His wife passed away March 29, 1854. John H. Cooper was reared in Pike county and is largely a self-educated as well as self-made man, for his school privileges in youth were lim- acres of valuable land, of which two hundred ited. He remained with his father until he had attained his majority, after which he rented a farm for a few years. He was married in Mar- tinsburg township, February i, 1857, to Miss Mary M. Moomaw, a native of Logan county, Ohio, and a daughter of Rev. Jacob Moomaw, a minister of the German Baptist church. Her father was a native of Virginia and was married in Ohio to Elizabeth Ohmart. In 1842 he came to Illinois, settling in Pike county, near Pittsfield, upon a farm where he reared his family and con- tinued to make his home through the evening of his life. Following the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Coop- er he rented a tract of land which he cultivated for several years. He started out for himself empty-handed but realized that industry and en- terprise constitute the basis of success and he worked persistently and energetically until he was enabled to purchase property. In 1867 he bought one hundred and eighty acres where he now resides, located thereon and began to improve the farm, to which he had added from time to time until he now owns five hundred and fourteen acres of valuable land, of which two Jiun- drcd and seventeen acres are in the home farm. Here he has built a good neat resi- dence, also a bank barn and other outbuildings. He has fenced his place and added the various equipments found upon a model farm property of the twentieth century. That he has prospered is indicated by his property holdings, for he now owns two other farms in addition to the home place, one of one hundred and sixty-one acres and the other of one hundred and thirty-seven and one-half acres, the second Iving west of Pitts- field, and the other to the north. Both are fairly improved. He has also given forty acres of land to his children. Although he had no capital to aid him at the outset of his career, he and his estimable wife, who had indeed been a faithful companion and helpmate to him on life's journey, have accumulated a valuable property, comprising three excellent farms and in connection with the cultivation of his home place Mr. Cooper raises good grades of stock. He now rents most of his land but gives his personal supervision to the property and to the improvements which are made thereon. The only financial assistance which ever PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 267 came to him was eight hundred and twenty-nine dollars received from his father's estate, but this did not come until after he had purchased the home farm. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have been born four children : George D., who is a farmer of Pittsfield township and is represented elsewhere in this work ; Mary E. the wife of Wesley Wal- ston, who lives upon her father's farm and also owns land of his own and by whom she has two children, Lottie A. and Iva ; William Hardin, who married Lillie McClintock, by whom he has a son, John Hurley, their home being in Martins- burg township; and Charles H., a merchant of Martinsburg, who married Anna R. Lawrence and has two children, Mary B. and Veda A. Mr. Cooper now has several grandchildren and one great-grandchild. He and his wife adopted a young girl when eight years of age, reared and educated her and she is now the wife of Frank Gooden. Benton Johnson also became a member of their family when ten or twelve 3ears of age. was educated by them, is now married and fol- lows carpentering in Pittsfield. They also reared James Cooper, a brother of our subject, who came to live with them when thirteen years of age. Politically Mr. Cooper has been a lifelong democrat, voting first for Stephen A. Douglas in i860. He served as township collector in 1874 and has been road supervisor for one or two terms, but has never sought or desired office. He believes in good schools and the employment of competent teachers and has done earnest work in behalf of public education while serving on the school board. He and his wife are members of the Church of Christ of Martinsburg. His entire life, now covering sixty-nine years, has been passed in Pike county and he has helped to improve and make it what it is today. He has cultivated and de- veloped several farms, thus contributing in sub- stantial measure to the agricultural development of the community. Pie commenced life for him- self at the bottom of the latter, but has steadily climbed upward. At the time of his marriage he had no capital and he and his faithful wife ex- perienced many hardships and privations, but they worked and labored together, were frugal ^nd economical and by their united efforts have become prosperous people. Their home farm is improved with a large, neat and substantial residence and constitutes a comfortable home, in which their many friends receive a hearty wel- come, cordial hospitality and good will being extended to all. Mrs. Cooper is now an invalid, Ijut for many years she was a model housekeeper and her labors were an important factor in her husband's success. Mr. Cooper is well known as an active and energetic farmer and as one of the honored pioneer settlers of the county justly deserves mention in this volume. HENRY B. JUDD. Henry B. Judd, whose name is found on the roll of Pittsfield's merchants for he is proprietor of the Judd bakery, was born in Missouri, August 27, 1859, his parents being Samuel and Celia (Seals) Judd. The father was a native of London, Eng- land, and crossing the Atlantic to America became a traveling salesman. In his family were nine children. His death occurred in 1899, in St. Louis, Missouri, when he had reached the ad- vanced age of seventy-eight years, while his wife passed away at the age of sixty-eight years, in Chicago. Henry B. Judd completed his education in the high school at Ouincy, Illinois, and then entering business life was employed in a bakery and candy manufactory at Quincy, there working for the firm of Brown & Brothers. Later he entered the employ of Clark & Morgan, wholesale dealers in confectionery, and subsequently he went to Brook- ville, Missouri, where he continued for three years in the same line of business. He was next located in Palmyra, Missouri, where he couducted a bakery and confectionery on his own account for ten years and on the expiration of that decade he removed to Chickamauga Park, conducting a similar business for the government during the Spanish-American war. Upon his return to the north he located in Pittsfield and for two years was in the employ of Mr. Sineff. In 1899 he embarked in business on his own account and has since conducted a bakery, dealing in all kinds 2()8 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of bakery g'oods, soft drinks, oysters, cigars, etc. He likewise conducts a restaurant and in both branches of his business has a good trade, his store being located on the northeast corner of the courthouse square. He has prospered since open- ing his present establishment and his patronage is constantly growing. Mr. Judd now resides with his sister in Pitts- field and he has one son, Samuel. In his political views j\Ir. Judd is a republican and keeps well in- formed on the questions and issues of the day. He belonged to the Odd Fellows lodge at Kirks- ville, jMissouri, and while in Ouincy became a communicant of the Episcopal church, with which he has since been connected. He has prospered since coming to Pittsfield and he deserves much credit for what he has accomplished for he is en- ■tirelv a self-made man. ANDREW YAEGER. Andrew Yaeger, who is now living a retired life in Pittsfield was in former years actively con- nected with general farming and stock-raising, having devoted nearly half a century to work along those lines. His rest was therefore well earned and he is spending the years now in the enjoyment of the frui-ts of his former toil. He has been a resident of Pike county since June, 1853, and has traveled life's journey for seventy- seven years. A native of Germany, he was bom in Wurtemberg on the 24th. of October, 1828, and was reared and married there, having in 1853 wedded Aliss Barbara 'Kern, who was born in Wurtemberg, December 26, 1820. Soon after their marriage they carried out the previously formed determination of emigrating to America by taking- passage on a sailing vessel which weighed anchor at Bremen on the 8th of April, 1853, bound for New York. The vo3'age lasted for eight weeks, and for two days the ship was in a fearful storm, being driven back before the gale, so that it had to cover a part of the course a second time. However, the harbor of New York was finally reached in safety on the 2d of June. The Yaeger family at once, made their way direct- ly westward to Illinois and eventually reached Pittsfield. They were passengers on the first train over the road between Chicago and La Salle, Illi- nois, and thence proceeded down the Illinois river by boat to Florence and on to the county seat, where they joined some German friends. Mr. Yaeger worked by the month for a year or more and then rented a farm for four years in Newburg township. He bought his first land in Martins- burg township, becoming owner of ninety-five acres on section i. He located on that place, which had a few acres under the plow but was largeh' uncleared and undeveloped. He began to farm and improve his land, however, living thereon for nine years, when he sold that property and bought a tract of eighty acres in Hardin township near Time. He then engaged in farm- ing and bought more land adjoining, carrying on general agricultural pursuits on his farm near Time for thirty-eight years. During that period he erected a good house upon his place, also built a barn, fenced the fields and planted an orchard. He also secured the latest improved machinery in order to facilitate his work and in addition to cultivating the soil he engaged in the raising of fine horses and other high-grade stock, which he fattened for the market. He was a prosperous farmer and he still owns three hundred and twenty acres of that property, but, having acquired a handsome competence he retired from active business life in 1899 and removed to Pittsfield, where he and his wife have since been living with their daughter, Mrs. Kleinschmidt. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Yaeger have been born seven children, all of whom are now married and are heads of families. Louisa is the wife of Charles Shadel, of Pittsfield. Mary is the wife of Fred Hack, a resident farmer of Kinderhook. John G. is mentioned elsewhere in this volume. Barbara is the wife of W. D. McBride, of Jersey- ville, Illinois. William is living on the old home- stead farm. Henrv resides in St. Louis, Mis- souri. Anna is the wife of Henry Kleinschmidt, a business man of Pittsfield. Politically Mr. Yaeger has ever been an earnest democrat since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He has never desired office, but has given his time to his business afifairs. He and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 269 his wife were reared in the Lutheran church and now have membership, relations with the denom- inations in Pittsfield. Mr. Yaeger feels that he was wise in the step that he took in severing his connection with his native land and seeking a home in the new world for here he has found good business opportunities and has steadily worked his way upward through persistent energy to a place among the enterprising business men of the county, and through the exercise of his native talents and industry he has accumulated the hand- some competence which now enables him to rest in the enjoyment of a well earned ease. WILLIAM E. SHASTID, M. D. Dr. William E. Shastid, physician and sur- geon, oculist and aurist, of Pittsfield, was born in this city, March 12, 1863, and with the excep- tion of twelve or thirteen years has resided here continuously. Lie is the eldest son of Dr. T. W. .Shastid. Lie was prepared for college in the schools of this city and after four years in Eureka College, at Eureka, Illinois, he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, having taken the full classical course, with additions in Ger- man and French. His summers were devoted to the study of medicine under the direction of his father and following his graduation at Eureka College he went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, matriculating in the Jefferson Medical College, one of the oldest and best known schools in America. While there he received special instruc- tion in the Pennsylvania School of Anatomy and the Pennsylvania Hospital. In the year 1886 he was graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, his thesis on pathology receiving second honor. In the same year Dr. Shastid was married to Miss Clara B. Willson, of Tallula, Illinois, who is a graduate of the Jacksonville Conservatory of Music and Young Ladies' Athenaeum, of Jack- sonville, Illinois. Her father. Dr. J. F. Willson, is a prominent banker and capitalist of Menard county, Illinois. Dr. and Mrs. Shastid located in Wichita, Kan- sas, where he practiced for nearly five years and for three years during that time was physician and surgeon to the Wichita Hospital. He also lectured on anatomy one year in the Wichita School of Medicine and served for a time as a member of the city board of health. In 1889 he was called to Eureka College, where the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him. In 1 891 he returned to his old home in Pittsfield and has practiced here since, his special attention being given to diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. He has taken post-graduate work several times: in 1894 in London, England, and Vienna, .Vustria — in the former citv at the Royal London Ophthahric Hospital, Moorfield's and Central London Hospital, for eye, ear, nose and throat diseases ; in the latter city at the General Hospital for medicine, surgery and specialties, this hospi- tal being one of the largest in the world. In 190T he attended the New York Post Graduate ^ledical School and Hospital. In 1903 he again went abroad for post-graduate work at Berlin, Germany. The Doctor has traveled extensively in most of the countries of Europe as well as in Egypt and Palestine. He has been very success- ful in his practice and is one of the leading physi- cians of the county. He has served as a member of the board of education of Pittsfield and is a member of the board of United States examining surgeons for pensions. He has been prominent in Masonic circles for some years, being past commander of Ascalon commandery. No. 48, K. T.. and is a thirty-second degree Mason. Dr. Shastid has two children, a son and a daughter, William J. and Mary Margaret Shas- tid. Llis ofifice and home are located on Monroe street, a block and a half from the public square in Pittsfield. CAPTAIN JOSEPH G. JOHNSON. Captain Joseph G. Johnson is a veteran of the Civil war and prominent in Grand Army circles in this section of the state. He makes his home in Milton, where he is now living in well earned ease after close and active connection with busi- ness interests in former years, for he was well known here at an earlier day as a merchant and 270 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. later as proprietor of a hotel. Captain Johnson is a native of Posey county, Indiana, born July 30, 1821, his parents being Joseph and Ester (Jolly) Johnson, who were early residents of Posey county, where they spent their remaining days. Captain Johnson was reared to farm life and continued to devote his attention to agricultural pursuits until 1856, when he became a resident of Milton. Here he embarked in merchandising, in which he continued until 1862, when, his spirit of patriotism being aroused, he not only offered his services to the goverment, but also organized a companv in Milton to join the Union forces. This company became Company I of the Ninety- ninth Illinois Regiment and Mr. Johnson was chos- en its captain, serving with that rank for two years and five months, at which time an order was issued consolidating his regiment with a battalion on account of its being below the minimum number for regiment organization and Captain Johnson's command then became Company B. For a portion of the time Captain Johnson was ill, but he rendered active and valuable service to the Union in the engagem_ents at Vicksburg and Hartsville, Missouri, and in a number of skir- mishes and was honorably discharged at Spring- field, Illinois, in December, 1864, by reason of the expiration of his term. Returning home he resumed merchandising in Milton, in which he continued until 1867, when he retired from business life, but after five years became proprietor of a hotel and so continued until 1884. He then pemianently put aside the more arduous duties of a business career and has since enjoyed a well earned rest. Captain Johnson has been married three times. In August, 1842, he wedded Eliza Henderson and unto them was born a daughter, now Mrs. Mary A. Armstrong, of Milton. The wife and mother died in February, 1847, and in October, 1853, Captain Johnson wedded Elizabeth Travers, bv whom he had one son, Daniel R. Johnson, who is residing in St. Louis, Missouri, and is an engineer. In 1855, the captain was called upon to mourn the loss of his second wife and on the 17th of November, 1857, he married Judith C. (Baker) Hughes, by whom he had two children, Jo Anna H. and Joseph G. H. Johnson. The daughter is now the wife of C. E. Battershill, a merchant ot Milton. Captain Johnson is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows societies and also holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, being true to the teachings of the latter and the tenets of the former. He is one of Milton's most esteemed and jovial citizens, always genial in manner, courteous and social. He has now passed the eighty-fourth milestone of life's journey and is classed with the most venerable and respected citizens of Milton, whose long resi- dence in the county and upright life have made him a prominent citizen. COLONEL D. D. HICKS. Colonel Daniel D. Hicks, deceased, for many years cashier of the First National Bank of Pitts- field, was one of the prominent citizens of Pike county and resided in a beautiful home on Jef- ferson .street, where, surrounded by many friends, he spent his last 3"ears, respected and honored by all who knew him. He came of a family in whom the spirit of patriotism was a strong characteristic. His grandfather, Simeon Hicks, espoused the cause of the colonies and fought for independence, while Truman B. Hicks, the father, was a soldier of the war of 1812. The latter was also a distinguished physician of the Empire state, and in addition to his success and prominence in that calling, he became recog- nized as a leader of public thought and action and was honored with political preferment. He served as judge of Warren county. New York, and for two terms represented his district in the state legislature. He married Barbara Hayes, a native of Clarendon, Vermont, and they had two sons and a daughter. Colonel Daniel D. Flicks, of this family, was born at Sunderland, Vermont, on the 12th of August, 1812, and was quite young at the time of the removal of the family to the state of New York. A few years later, following the death of the mother, the family returned to the Green Mountain state but in 1830 again took up their DANIEL D. HICKS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 273 abode in New York. In 1838 a removal was made to Pike county, Illinoi.s, and Colonel Hicks entered business life in the middle west as a teacher, following the profession in the vicinity of Pittsfield for about two years. He then ac- cepted a clerkship in Pittsfield and was thus en- gaged until 1842, when he was appointed deputy sheritT by Ephraim Cannon and served for four years, on the expiration of which period popular suffrage chose him for the office of sherifif and incumbency again continued for four years. This length of time had been sufficient to fully demon- strate to the people his entire trustworthiness and capability and his election to the office of county treasurer for a term of four years, fol- lowed. From 1850 until 1852 he was also en- gaged in merchandising. In 1865 he entered the First National Bank as clerk and teller and in 1867 was elected cashier, which position he filled up to the time of his death, when he was succeeded by his son, Robert T., who was for years assistant cashier of the institution. In October, 1842, Colonel Hicks was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Burbridge, a na- tive of Ohio, but at the time of her marriage a resident of this county. She was the daughter of James Burbridge. She was a devoted member of the Christian church and a most estimable lady and her death, which oc- curred March 30, 1844, was deeply regretted. Their only child, Helen M., died at the age of eighteen years. Colonel Hicks was afterward married to Miss Julia Ann Burbridge, a daughter of Robert Burbridge and a cousin of his first wife. They were married in 1845 ^"d had five daughters and two sons : Frances, the wife of George Barber; Barbara E., the wife of Henry R. Miller; Florence E., the wife of E. P. Dow; Emma, deceased wife of Hon. Harry Higbee, the present circuit judge of the eighth judicial district of Illinois ; Robert T., cashier of the First National Bank of Pittsfield, and a prominent business man of the city; Laura, the wife of Mar- tin S. Frick, of Independence, Missouri ; and James W., of Houston, Texas. Mr. and Mrs. Hicks were members of the Christian church, in which he served as elder for many years, and in the work of which he took 15 a most active and helpful interest. His military title was conferred upon him while he was a resident of New York. ITe belonged to the One hundred and Sixty-sixth Regiment of the state militia and served for two years as its adjutant and two years as its colonel, at the end of which time he resigned in order to come to Illinois. He was a resident of Pike county for forty-six years and was deeply interested in its progress and development. His faithful service in office, his trustworthiness in business, his faithfulness in friendship, all combined to make him one of the leading citizens of this part of the state. GEORGE W. CHRYSUP. George W. Chrysup, who since 1901 has lived a retired life in Barry, previous to which time he was closely associated with its mercantile in- terests, was born in Florence, Pike county, Illinois, February I, 1845. He was the only child of William L. and Jane (Barney) Chrysup, who in 1826 became residents of Pike county, where they resided until 1850. In that year the family removed to California, making the long and tedious journey across the plains, over the hot stretches of sand and through the mountain passes to the Pacific coast. In 1857 they started on the return voyage and the parents were lost in the explosion of the steamer St. Nicholas, which occurred April 24, 1859, about one and a half miles below Helena, Arkansas. George W. Chrysup, who was left an orphan by this disaster was reared by his maternal grand- father, Colonel Benjamin Barney of Pike countv. Illinois. When seventeen years of age he re- sponded to the county's call for troops, enlisting in 1 861 at the first call for seventy-five thousand men. He joined the arrny under Captain Mc- Williams for three months' service with the Tenth Illinois Infantry and on the expiration of that period when it was seen that there would be a long and hotly contested struggle between the north and the south he re-enlisted for three years in August, 1862, becoming a member of Company B, Twenty-eighth Regiment of Illinois Volun- 274 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. teers. On the 19th of January, 1864, he once more enlisted, becoming a veteran and serving as corpo- ral sergeant, orderly sergeant and first lieutenant b_v successive promotions. Eventually he was raised to the rank of first lieutenant and next be- came captain of Company B, Twenty-eighth Reg- iment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was in the army for over four years and was honorably discharged on the i6th of March, 1866, having made a splendid military record, unsurpassed for loyalty or bravery. He participated in many im- portant battles, including the engagements at Fort Henry, Vicksburg, Jackson, Spanish Fort and Whistler's Station, and he was always found at his post of duty whether upon the firing line or on the lonely picket line. Following the close of the war Captain Chry- sup returned at once to his home and on April 18, 1867, was married to Miss Katie Harvey, of Pike county, a daughter of Lewis and Lucy Harvey. Unto them were born two children, who are yet living, and two who have passed away. Those who yet survive are : Jennie, now the wife of H. T. McCarrel, of Barry; and Helen, who is the wife of Dr. R. H. Main, of Barry. After the war Captain Chrysup engaged in farming for three years and then embarked in merchandising, which he carried on for six years, dealing in both groceries and hardware and also conducting a marble business. He was then ap- pointed postmaster and filled the office for ten years. He has likewise filled other official po- sitions, having been justice of the peace for eight years, during which time he discharged his duties with strict impartiality, his decisions being biased by neither fear nor favor. Upon his retire- ment from that office he put aside all business cares and since 1901 has not been connected with any official or business interests. In his political views he is a stalwart republican, standing by the party as loyal to-day as he did with the Union in the dark days of the Civil war. He belongs to the John McTucker post, No. 154, at Barry and when able to attend its meetings greatly enjoys meeting with the "boys in blue". In matters of citizenship he ever manifests the same loyal spirit which characterized his long service on the southern battle-fields and won him promotion from the ranks to the grade of captain in recogni- tion of his meritorious conduct on the field of battle. It will be interesting in this connection to note something of the history of Colonel Benjamin Barney, by whom Captain Chrysup was reared. He was a son of Benjamin Barney, whose birth occurred in Taunton, Bristol county, Massachu- setts, in the year 1760 and he served throughout the Revolutionary war under General Washing- ton, enlisting in April, 1776. He received an honorable discharge in 1781, after which he lo- cated land upon which he made improvements in Berkshire county, Massachusetts. In 1782 he married Miss Deborah Crapo and took up his permanent abode upon his farm, his death there occurring in the year 182 1. He always maintained a warm devotion and love for his country, leading a quiet and useful life and died a devoted Chris- tian. His wife passed away in 1822. Colonel Barney was born in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, September 21, 1795, and there re- mained through the period of his minority, re- moving in March, 181 7, to Huron county, Ohio, where he spent the succeeding eight years as a farm hand. In 1820 he was married to Miss Mi- nerva Harris, who was the daughter of William Harris, and was born in Pennsylvania in 1800, accompanying her parents in their removal to the Buckeye state in 1818. The year 1825 witnessed the arrival of Colonel and Mrs. Barney in Illinois. They first located at Shawneetown, and in 1826 their home was established at Atlas, which was then the county seat of Pike county. He was there variously employed for nine years, being first engaged at cutting and cording wood, for which he was paid twenty-two cents a cord. On that sum he had to support himself, his wife and two children. He afterward engaged in keel-boating on the Ohio river at fifty cents per day, which he re- garded as a very good wage. He was thus era- ployed in the summer and fall of 1826, and dur- ing the succeeding winter lived at Atlas, where was the only postoffice in Pike county. At one time on account of high water and bad roads there was no mail for three weeks. The legisla- ture was then in session, and the citizens of Atlas and vicinity being anxious for news, hired Colo- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 275 nel Barney to go to CarroUton, a distance of over forty miles to get the mail. He did so, making the journey in three da3rs, crossing streams in canoes, on logs and sometimes having to wade. Thus through unbroken paths where the snow in many places was above his knees, he made his way, carrjdng upon his back the mail, which weighed over sixty pounds; and for this journey he received the sum of ten dollars. Colonel Barney continued to reside in Atlas until 1834, when he invested his earnings which he had saved in a small tract on section 31, Barry township. Upon that place he built a cabin in which the family took up their abode, and con- tinued to reside there for many years, giving the remainder of his active business career to general agricultural pursuits. In April, 1832, he enlisted for service in the Black Hawk war, and was mus- tered in at Rock Island under General White- ■ side, being at that time elected colonel of the regi- ment, which was the Second Illinois Mounted Riflemen. After serving fifty days he and his regiment were mustered out of service at Ottawa, Illinois. He was then honorably discharged and received the remuneration for his military serv- ice, after which he rejoined his family in Barry township and resumed the work of farming and stock-raising. He had in his early years served an apprenticeship to the blacksmith trade, but after a few years his health compelled him to abandon that pursuit, but was. able to do much mechanical work upon his farm. As the years advanced and as his financial resources increased as the result of his careful management and unfaltering dili- gence, he invested more and more extensively in land until his property holdings became very large and valuable. He possessed a generous disposition, was a man of warm heart and willing hand, and ever ready to assist others less for- tunate than himself and exemplifying in his life those sterling traits of character which work for the development of man's best nature. He was called to various local offices, the duties of which he discharged with promptness and fidelity, and no man enjoyed more fully the trust and good will of those with whom he was associated. While in business affairs he wrought along lines re- sulting in the acquirem.ent of a handsome prop- erty he at the same time conducted his relations with his fellowmen in such a manner as to deserve their high regard and unfaltering trust. His death occurred September 14, 1882 ; and the com- munity mourned the loss of one of its representa- tive and honored pioneer citizens. JOHN W. BOREN. John W. Boren has with the exception of a brief period of three years been continuously con- nected with business interests, in Milton since the Civil war. He is now proprietor of a furniture and undertaking establishment with a liberal patronage which makes his business quite profit- able. He was born in Pike county, August 2, 1842, his parents being Absalom and Lucinda Boren, both of whom are now deceased. They were among the early settlers of the county and the father devoted his energies to farming for many years. His death occurred in 1904, while his wife passed away in Milton in 1900. John W. Boren was reared to farm life, early becoming familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He acquired his education in the country schools and lived with his father, assisting him in the farm work until nineteen years of age, when in 1862 he re- sponded to the country's call for aid, enlisting as a member of Company I, Ninety-ninth Illinois Regiment for three years. He served the entire time as a musician in his company and was honor- ably discharged on the 31st of July, 1865, at Springfield, by reason of the expiration of his term and the close of the war. Returning to his home in Pike county, he soon became a factor in the business life of Milton, opening a saddlery and harness shop in August of that year. Suc- cess attended the enterprise and he continued in the business for nine years, or until 1874, when he disposed of his interests in Milton and removed to Pleasant Hill, where he conducted a similar business for three years. On account of sick- ness, however, he returned to Milton and once more established a saddlery and harness store, which he carried on for seven years. In 1884 he 2'j(i PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. sold out and turned his attention to the drug busi- ness, which he conducted for four years and through the succeeding four years he was a rep- resentative of real-estate interests, thus contin- uing in business until 1892. In May of that year he opened a furniture and undertaking establish- ment, carrying an extensive stock and for thirteen vears he has been engaged in this line, enjoying constantly increasing success, which results from his straightforward business methods, his earnest desire to please and his fair and reasonable prices. Mr. Coren was married December 28, 1871, to Miss JMary P. Smith, a daughter of Mrs. Harriett A. (Baker) Smith. Their only child is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Boren have many friends and are highly esteemed residents of Milton. In an analy- zation of his life record we find that the strong characteristics of his business career have been close application, unremitting diligence and unfal- tering determination and he has enjoyed a gratify- ing measure of })rosperity as the years have gone by. His name is inseparabl}' intedwoven with the history of commercial advancement in Milton and moreover he is classed with the representa- tive citizens of the town, manifesting the same loyalty to the welfare of his home community that he displayed when on southern battle-fields he proved his fidelity to the Union cause. WILLIAM H. SEABORN. William H. Seaborn, whose life record might be summed up in the terse yet comprehensive phrase, through struggles to success, is a wealthv stock dealer and land owner of Pike county, now largely living retired in Baylis. He was born in this county, near Griggsville, on the old Reed farm, August 5, 1845, his parents being Robert and Mary h. (Hovey) Seaborn. The father's birth occurred in what was then Frankford, Penn- sylvania, now a part of the city of Philadelphia, on the nth of October, 1814, and his parents were Robert and Elizabeth (Rodgers) Seaborn. His father was a native of England and came to America during the latter part of the eighteenth century. He was then a single man but soon afterward married Miss Elizabeth Rodgers. A merchant tailor, he conducted business at Frank- ford for several years and died March 4, 1815, leaving a widow and three children, of whom Robert Seaborn, Jr., was the 3'oungest. He was educated in the schools of Philadelphia and in that city at the age of fifteen or sixteen years was apprenticed to Jacob Young to learn the carriage- smith's trade. On the expiration of his term of indenture he went to New York city, being at that time twenty-one years of age. After a year or two, however, he removed to New Haven, Connecticut, and later went to Boston, ^Massa- chusetts, where he secured a situation in the em- ploy of Theodore Dickinson. For several years he remained in that city, during which time he was married to Caroline Beckford, a sister of Mrs. Dickinson, the wedding ceremony being performed in the Hanover Street Congregational church by the Rev. Lyman Beecher, father of Henry Ward Beecher. Of that church Mr. Seaborn was a member. Following his marriage Robert Seaborn went to the British possessions, looking for a location, but, not finding a suitable place he returned to Boston and subsequently re- moved to Preble county, Ohio, where, abandoning his trade, he purchased a small farm and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. Thinking that he would have still better business oppor- tunities in a region farther west he came to Pike county, Illinois, in the summer of 1831, in search of a location and here he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 11, Griggs- ville township, and also one hundred and sixty acres on the creek bottom. Both of these tracts were slightly improved. He afterward returned to Ohio for his family, then consisting of his wife and two sons — Robert, who was born in Boston, Massachusetts ; and George, whose birth had occurred in Preble county, Ohio. While living on section 11, Griggsville town- ship, Robert Seaborn had the misfortune to have his house and all of its contents destroyed by fire. This was the second accident of a serious nature that had occurred to him, for he had pre- viously lost all his possessions in a fire on ship- board. He had sent his goods from Boston to Ohio by way of the sea to New Orleans, from W. H. SEABORN MRS. W. H. SEABORN PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 281 which point they were to be brought up the Mississippi and IlUnois rivers, but the boat on which the shipment had been made was entirely destroyed by fire and all of his household effects, books and other possessions were consumed in the flames. Following the destruction of their residence Mr. and Mrs. Seaborn and the family had to live in a smokehouse for the season. This structure was an old log building without any floor and but poorly chinked and daubed. During the year, however, his friends and neighbors assisted him in erecting a frame residence which was made of an inch-and-a-half planks stood on end. The building was two stories in height and after its completion he occupied it for several years. For some time it seemed that every pos- sible misfortune befell him. He sold his farm and removed to Griggsville, where he lived for a year, after which he purchased a farm on section 9, Griggsville township. That seemed the turn- ing of the tide in his favor, for he afterward prospered financially, meeting with success in all of his business undertakings, his life thus again proving that persistency of purpose and earnest labor will eventually win a just reward. In the midst of other troubles Mr. Seaborn also lost his wife, who died on the 25th of March, 1842, leaving a family of five children. Two of the number are yet living : George, who resides in Brown county, Illinois ; and Caroline, the wife of George Clark, a resident of Missouri. Those who have passed away are : Robert, Henry C. and Elizabeth. On the 20th of April, 1843, Mr. Seaborn was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Mary Ann Bryant, a widow, who was a daughter of John and Mary Hovey, natives of Massachusetts, although for years they resided in Pike county, Illinois. Four children were born of this union : David R., a resident of New Salem ; William H. ; Charles C. and Howard M., deceased. The parents of our subject were members of the Christian church and were prom- inent and influential residents of the community, respected for their genuine worth and their fi- delity to principle at all times. Mr. Seaborn departed this life April 19, 1880. William H. Seaborn, whose name introduces this review, supplemented his early educational privileges by study in the Griggsville high school. When he was but sixteen years of age he en- listed in April, 1862, for three months' service in the Union army and served for four months in the Sixty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry under Captain D. F. Coffe)-. He enlisted at Camp Butler, near Springfield and went to Wast- ington, D. C, the regiment being encamped there and at Alexandria guarding the rebel prisoners during the battle of Bull Run. On the expira- tion of his term of service Mr. Seaborn returned home and soon afterward went west to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he enlisted to fight the Indians, serving under Generals Sibley and Sully. He was on active duty all over the northwest and served for two years, being most of the time in the government employ. Saving his earnings, he returned home with eleven hundred dollars and his father gave him an equal amount. He came to Baylis, which was then called Pineville, and here, with that he purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land, making the investment about 1871. He added to his property from time to time as his financial resources have increased until he now owns about five hundred acres. His original pur- chase was made from Mr. Pine, the first owner of the property. Mr. Seaborn has made his home in the village of Baylis since January 19, 1902, and has practically retired from the active work of the farm. For a long period, however, he was closely associated with agricultural interests, till- ing the fields and also engaging extensively in raising cattle, mules and hogs. A great believer in blue grass, he fed his stock in the blue grass pastures. He displays keen business discernment and sound judgment in all transactions and more- over is thoroughly reliable and enterprising. In 1872, Mr. Seaborn was united in marriage to Miss Sarah M. Reed, who was born in White county, Tennessee, March 31, 1849, ^"d is a daughter of William P. and Nancy (Small) Reed. Her parents came to Pike county about 1852, lo- cating on a farm near Griggsville. Her father is now living in Holstein, Nebraska, and is still a well preserved man. He owns a ranch in that state and is extensively engaged in stock-raising. In his family were nine children, five of whom yet survive, namely : Mrs. William H. Seaborn ; 282 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Mrs. R. D. Seaborn,, of New Salem; William Reed, who is living in Whiting, Kansas; Mrs. Carrie Mullad)', who resides at Salina, Kansas ; and Frederick Reed, who is living in Holstein, Nebraska. The mother passed away in 1892. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Seaborn have been born two sons and a daughter, but the last named, Maud, who was born in 1876, passed away in 1879. Robert Earl, who was born January 11, 1878, married Grace Davidson and resides upon the home farm a mile north of Baylis. William Kyle, born February 26, 1886, married Myrtle Rust, of Baylis, and resides near Fishhook, Illi- nois. In his political views Mr. Seaborn has been a stalwart republican since age gave to him the right of franchise but has never sought or desired public office. His wife is a member of the Meth- odist church. He is truly a self-made man and as the architect of his own fortunes has builded wisely and well. He has received little assistance save the eleven hundred dollars which his father gave him to aid him in making his first purchase of land. By the careful husbanding of his re- sources, by judicious investment and unfaltering energy he has made for himself a place among the substantial and wealthy residents of Pike county, being now one of its large land owners. Moreover his business affairs have been con- ducted so honorably that he enjoys the unqual- ified confidence of his fellow townsmen and is re- garded as one of the leading and prominent resi- dents of this part of the county. CAPTAIN G. S. PENNINGTON. From the time when the first train ran into Pittsfield, Captain G. S. Pennington was station agent through a period of thirty-five years, but is now living retired and his rest is well merited because of his long and active service in business life. Pie was born March 15, 1841, in White ITall, Greene county, Illinois, his parents being Joel and Abigail (Goltra) Pennington. With his parents he came to I'ittsficld in 1848, traveling in a covered wagon from Greene county and thus the famil)- was established here at an early day. The parents were both natives of Middlesex county. New Jersey, and were neighbors of the parents of T. De Witt Talmage, the famous di- vine. The Pennington family is of English lin- eage and Joel Pennington came west at an early day, settKng in Greene county, where he made his home until coming to Pike county in 1848. Here he conducted a livery barn and afterward became proprietor of the Kentucky House, of Pittsfield, remaining as its landlord for thirty years. During that entire period Scott Wike was one of his boarders. He continued in the hotel business up to the time of his death, which occurred July 2j, 1890, when he had reached the advanced age of seventy-two years. His wife survived until 1898. In their family were nine children, seven of whom are yet living : Allie, a resident of Pittsfield; Goyn S., of this review; William, who is living in Pittsfield ; Charles, also a resident of this city ; Emma, the wife of Dr. Dickey, of Pittsfield; Mrs. Mary Hurst, of Howard, Kansas; and Luther, who is living in Texas. Captain Pennington was educated in Pittsfield and in the Illinois College at Jacksonville, and after leaving school secured a position in the office of the circuit clerk in Pittsfield tmder George W. Jones. In 1863 he responded to his country's call for aid, enlisting in the 5th United States Cavalry. He became contract clerk and thus served until the close of the war. He assisted in caring for the archives and indexing them, after which they were shipped to Washington, D. C. During his service he was chief clerk in the United States mustering and disbursing office at Springfield, under Captain S. S. Sumner, and this position gave him the rank of captain and secured him the pay of that office. In his official capacity he mustered in and also mustered out thousands of troops which he also furnished with arms and other equipments. He acted as mustering officer at Ccntralia, ;\Iattoon, Camp Butler, Springfield and Peoria, and it is safe to say that no young man in the state had a wider acquaintance among the soldiers than Captain Pennington. "When the war was over Captain Pennington returned to his home in Pike county but soon afterward secured a position as salesman for C. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNT V. 283 M. Smith & Company, general merchants, who were conducting the largest store in Springfield at that time. Mr. Smith was a brother-in-law of President Lincoln. Captain Pennington spent two years in this position and then came to Pittsfield, where he embarked in the livery business with his father, who was conducting the hotel at this place. He was associated with this business for some time, after which he accepted a clerkship in a dry-goods store, where he was employed until 1869, when he became station agent for the Wa- bash Railroad Company and as before stated filled that position at the time the first train reached Pittsfield. He acted as agent for thirty-five years, or until the 26th of August, 1905, when he resigned and is now living a retired life. In 1867 Captain Pennington was united in mar- riage with Miss Annette B. Stout, a daughter of Daniel Barney, who came to Pike county in 1820, and was one of the first settlers to establish a home within its borders. All was wild and unimproved at that time, little of the land having been re- claimed for the purposes of civilization. Unto Captain and Mrs. Pennington was born one child, Frank Pennington, who is now station agent of the Wabash Company at Pittsfield Junction. The wife and mother died about 1876, and in 1878 Captain Pennington was married again, his sec- ond union being with Margaret Sutton, who was born in Springfield in 1844, and is a daughter of James C. Sutton, of Sangamon county, Illinois, whose brother was the first mayor of Springfield. Mrs. Pennington is one of a family of five children, four of whom are yet living. By her marriage she has become the mother of two sons and a daughter: James S., born in 1881, married Gene- vieve I. Johnson, of Barry, and is now living in Chicago. When he was twenty-one years of age he was made private secretary to Vice President Morton of the Santa Fe Railroad Company and he is now secretary and treasurer of the Chicago Shippers Guide Company. Charles E. Penning- ton, born in 1883, is now bookkeeper for the Chicago Coal and Coke Company. Susan C, born in 1885, was educated in Pittsfield, has also been a student of music and is now at home with her parents. Both Captain and Mrs. Pennington are members of the Congregational church and they own and occupy a beautiful home on Wash- ington street. In his political views Captain Pen- nington is a democrat and for one year served as alderman of Pittsfield but has never been active in search for oflice. At the time he resigned his position as station agent he was one of the oldest employes in years of continuous service with the Wabash Railroad Company and was a most popu- lar official in Pittsfield, his courtesy and helpful- ness winning him the highest regard of the pat- rons of the road, while his efficiency and capabil- ity justly entitled him to the trust of the corpora- tion which he represented. SAMUEL T. HASKINS. Samuel T. Haskins, living on section 3, Hardin township, is one of the prosperous and up-to-date farmers and stock-raisers, whose farm comprises three hundred and twenty acres. His capable management and success in business entitle him to mention as one of the representative citizens of this locality, and moreover he is a native son of Pike count)-, his birth having occurred on the farm • on which he now resides on the 22d of October, 1863. He is a son of Otis A. Haskins and a brother of W. H. Haskins, who is men- tioned elsewhere in this work. In his father's family were two sons and two daughters. Samuel T. Haskins was reared upon the old homestead farm and through the period of his minority remained with his father and assisted him in carrying on the work of the fields and developing the property. He acquired his edu- cation in the common schools and business col- lege. After putting aside his text-books he returned to the farm, remaining with his father until the latter's death, when he succeeded to the ownership of the old homestead. He has since bought other lands, from time to time increasing his property hold- ings until he now owns over one thousand acres. Upon the home place is a large residence and there are also good barns and outbuildings. The place is well fenced and is well improved in every ])articular, constituting a valuable property. In connection with his farming interests Mr. Has- 284 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. kins makes a business of raising high-grade cattle, horses and hogs, fattening for the market each year both cattle and hogs. He is a successful farmer, stock-raiser and feeder, his business methods being practical, while his enterprise and laudable am- bition are salient features in his prosperity. He is recognized as a good financier and one whose steadfast purpose has enabled him to overcome the difficulties and obstacles which are al- ways encountered in a business career. He has a wide and favorable acquaintance in Pike county, where he has spent his entire life, having witnessed much of its growth and development. He is one of its progressive and wide-awake citi- zens. Politically he has been a lifelong republi- can, but has never sought or desired office, giving his time to his farming and extensive business interests. Matters of public moment, however, receive his attention and any movement which he believes will prove of general good is given his hearty endorsement and co-operation. HON. JOSEPH M. BUSH. Hon. Joseph M. Bush, for many years a promi- nent figure in political circles in Pike county, and long connected with its journalistic interests has but recently retired, at the age of more than eighty years, from the editorship and manage- ment of the Pike County Democrat. Such a rec- ord of activity and successful accomplishment should put to shame many a man of younger years, who, growing tired of the burdens and cares of business life, would relegate to others the work that he should bear. Mr. Bush is too well known to need introduction to the readers of thi^. volume. He was born in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, January i6, 1822, the eld- est son of Colonel Daniel B. Bush, a prominent lawyer, who served in the general assembly of Massachusetts in 1828. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Maria Merrick, was a daughter of Deacon Joseph Merrick, and died in the east about 1832. In i834ColonelBushremoved to Pittsfield, Illinois, where he entered upon the practice of law, and continued a member of the bar until his death, which occurred in 1885, when he had reached the advanced age of ninety-five years and six months. When he came to Illinois he left his son Joseph in Williams College, which he had entered at the age of twelve years, and from which he graduated with the class of 1838. Among his classmates were Rev. Henry M. Field and Ex-Lieutenant Governor Bross, of Chicago. Following his graduation, Joseph M. Bush came to Illinois and entered upon the study ot law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843, his li- cense to practice being signed by Stephen A. Douglas, then one of the justices of the Illinois supreme court. He at once entered upon the ac- tive practice of his profession, but later turned his attention to other pursuits. On the 14th of March 1848, he was married to Miss Mary Alicia Grimshaw, a native of Ireland and the second daughter of John V. and Charlotte Grimshaw. who came to this country from Belfast about 1832. At the time of his marriage Mr. Bush began farming and was continuously and actively con- nected with agricultural pursuits until the spring of 1866, during which time he became the owner of a farm of two hundred and forty acres, which he brought to a high state of cultivation, con- ducting his work along modern lines. In the year mentioned, however, he turned his attention to other business interests. In i860, while still residing upon the farm, Mr. Bush was appointed master in chancery of the Pike county circuit court by the late distin- guished jurist, Hon. C. L. Higbee, which office he held until November, 1885, covering a period of a quarter of a century. In 1858 he had been appointed United States commissioner for the southern district of the state of Illinois by the Hon. S. H. Treat, and also occupied that posi- tion for a quarter of a century. In 1865 he pur- chased the Pike County Democrat, of which he continued proprietor and editor until 1904. cov- ering a period of thirty-nine years, when the busi- ness was turned over to the management of his sons who are now ably conducting the paper. He made this a valuable organ of the democratic party and kept it up to a high standard of modern journalism. In 1870 he was elected to the state senate from the thirtv-sixth central district and J. M. BUSH PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 287 thus became a member of the first general as- sembly held after the adoption of the present con- stitution. He served on a number of important committees but declined to be a candidate for re- election, prefering to resume his editorial duties. He has ever been active in all matters tending to the advancement and prosperity of the commu- nity which has so long been his home. He is a stockholder and secretary of the company, which in 1850 built twelve miles of plank road to the Illinois river. He was the first secretary of the Pike County Agricultural Society, established in 1850, and at various times he served as president and director. He has likewise been president and trustee of the board of education of Pitts- field, and for more than twenty-five years was a director apd secretary of the Louisiana & Pike County Railroad. He has served as supervisor of his township and has been identified with practically all the public enterprises that have contributed to the material development and progress of this portion of the state. In politics Mr. Bush has been unwavering in his advocacy of the democracy, and his paper has long been considered as it is at present, an influ- ential factor in Illinois politics. Aside from his editorial work, ' however, Mr. Bush has been prominent in his labors for the principles of gov- ernment in which he believes and has been a fre- quent delegate to the state, congressional and other conventions of his party. In 1868 he was an alternate delegate to the national convention held, in New York. Mrs. Bush died in 1885. Their four sons, Wil- liam C, Joseph M., Jr., Henry and Daniel B., are all active and influential citizens of Pittsfield. An older son and their only daughter died in 1864. Socially Mr. Bush is a member of the Masonic fraternity, with which he became identified prior to the Civil war, and for two terms he served as eminent commander of Ascalon commandery, K. T. He has but recently retired after a long and active connection with business life, being yet deeply interested, however, in the great ques- tions affecting the progress of the country along the various lines of industrial and commercial activity, and of intellectual and political advance- ment. As the years have passed his labors have found a just reward in a comfortable competence and he is now pleasantly situated in a home, where he has so long lived and labored, crowned with both vears and honors. JOHN A. SMITH. John A. Smith, proprietor of the leading liv- ery barn of Pittsfield, is the owner of the fine Palace stables, situated on the south side of the square and is now in control of an extensive and important business which is annually increasing. He has lived in this county for fifty-two years and is one of its substantial citizens. His birth oc- curred in Covington, Kentucky, August 16, 1834, his parents being William and Angelina (Lan- dess) Smith. The mother was a daughter of Henry Landess, a soldier of the Mexican war. She lived to be eighty-six years of age, while Mr. Smith departed this life at the age of sixty-six years. They removed from Kentucky to High- land county, Ohio, during the early boyhood of their son John. The father was a farmer by oc- cupation and continued a resident of the Buck- eye state up to the time of his death. His many excellent traits of character won him the re- spect and confidence of the entire community, and he was regarded as a leading and influential citizen there. In the family were eleven children, eight of whom are now living, three being resi- dents of Pike county, namely : John A. ; David, who makes his home near Pearl ; and Isaac, who is living in Pittsfield township. John A. Smith was reared in the Buckeye state and pursued his education in the common schools. The school in his immediate neighborhood was a primitive log structure, with puncheon floor and split log benches. In 1853, John Scott, a neighbor of the Smith family, planned to come to the west with his family and induced Mr. Smith of this review to come also. At that time he had one horse, and, securing a wagon, he drove with them across the country to western Illinois. They crossed the Illinois river at Montezuma and made their way to Time when there was but one store, one dwelling and one schoolhouse in the village. 288 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. The party was eighteen days vipon the road. The first year after his arrival Mr. Smith was em- ployed by Captain Westlake, and the succeeding year by Wilson Adams. He afterward returned to Ohio, but the same year came again to Illi- nois with his uncle, David Smith, going to Liv- ingston county, where they remained for a short time. They had a hard winter there and in the spring Mr. Smith returned to Pike county, where he secured employment. On the 5th of August, 1855, Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Mary Dinsmore, of Pike county, and began his domestic life upon a rented farm. After a year he purchased one hun- dred and sixty acres of land near Time, on which he built a log house with a big fire-place and stick chimney. There he lived for a brief period, after which he went to Time and purchased a house and lot, making his home there while farm- ing his land. He was thus engaged until the outbreak of the Civil war, when he went to Ohio. Subsequently he returned, however, to Pike county and began buying horses for the army, shipping them to St. Louis. Following the close of hostilities, Mr. Smith turned his attention to the grocery business, which he conducted in Time for two years, and then purchased a half interest in a flour mill for which he paid forty-nine hun- dred dollars. In this enterprise he prospered, con- ducting the mill for four years, when he sold out. At a later date the plant was destroyed by fire. On his retirement from the milling business, Mr. Smith conducted a general store for three years, after which he purchased ground and built a mill. He then sold his store and operated the mill, which was then the best mill in the county. He continued in the manufacture of flour for four years, when he sold out and about 1880 came to Pittsfield. Here he purchased and shipped stock until 1883, when he began conducting a feed and boarding stable and later he shipped horses to Connecticut, representing the firm of Binns & Dow for six years. In 1892 he took charge of a livery barn for Mr. Binns, con- tinuing the business for a year; and in 1897 he began handling stock food for an Omaha firm. He handled standard food and continued in the business until Jul\-, 1902, when he became pro- prietor of the livery barn which he is now con- ducting. He lias a splendid business, keeping from ten to sixteen head of horses ; and by reason of his straightforward dealing and earnest effort to please his customers, he has secured a very liberal patronage. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been born four children : Eva M., the wife of Harry English, a merchant of Pittsfield; G. R., who is now associated with his father; Flora, the wife of Dr. Russ, of Hillsboro, Ohio ; and Laura, the wife of John E. Huff, of Nebraska. The wife and mother died in 1871, and Mr. Smith has since married Lucy Allen, of Kentucky, by whom he has one child, Leslie, now at home. Mr. Smith is a member of the Mutual Aid Society. He is a democrat, and though he has never sought or desired public office has served on the town board. His wife is a member of the Christian church, and both Mr. and Mrs. Smith are highly esteemed in the locality where they reside. He has ever led a busy life and his activity has re- sulted in bringing to him a business which is now large and profitable. SAMUEL GEORGE KENDRICK. Samuel George Kendrick, whose life portrayed many manly virtues and commendable character- istics and whose death therefore was the occasion of deep and wide-spread regret among the many friends whom he had made in Pike county, was a native of Ireland, his birth having occurred near Ferns, County AVexford, on the i6th of March, 1825. His parents were Samuel and Isabelle (Sculley) Kendricks and he was reared upon the home farm until 1846, when at the age of twenty- one years he left the parental roof and was married to Miss Anna Jacob, a daughter of Thomas and Anna (Rathwtll) Jacob. They began their domestic life in Ireland but in the winter of 1848 emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, whence they made their wav northward to Cin- cinnati, Ohio, where their first child, William, was born, but he lived to be only six months old. In 1852 Mr. Kendrick and his wife came to Pike county, Illinois, first settling near Rockport, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 289 but later he invested in eighty acres of land lying in the northeastern part of Derry township. To this farm he removed with his family and began the further development and cultivation of the property. Throughout his entire life his time and energies were given to farm work and it was through this source that he acquired a comfort- able competence and became one of the substan- tial citizens of his adopted county. When Mr. and Mrs. Kendrick took up their abode upon the old homestead in Derry township they had one daughter, Isabelle, who was born June 12, 1853, and who on the 30th of December, 1869, became the wife of Francis M. Stamback. They now reside in Sedgwick county, Kansas. The second daughter, Susan, was born September 5, 1855, and was married February 11, 1875, to George E. Martin. She died in June, 1892, at her home near Warrensburg, Missouri, leaving a husband and seven children to mourn her loss. On the 9th of December, 1858, Mr. Kendrick was bereft of his first wife, who died leaving two little daughters to his care and on the loth of March, 1859, he was married to Anna Eliza Jacob, a daughter of Samuel and Rebecca (Clare) Jacob and a niece of Sir M. B. and Lady Clare of County Carlo, Ireland, who now reside in Pitts- field, Illinois. The first child of the second mar- riage was Rebecca Eleanor, who was born Feb- ruary 5, i860, and was married to Peter Phen- neger, February 5, 1880. They now reside in Sedgwick county, Kansas. Emma Jane, born December 14, 1862, was married December 15, 1878, to Andrew Irick and they reside in Derry township. Pike county, Illinois. Dora A., born November 4, 1864, died on the 12th of December following. Mary Evaline, born November 14, 1865, was married February 11, 1889, to Md- Clellan Harshman, and they now reside in Derry township near the old Kendrick homestead. George Irwin, born June 20, 1865, was married February 15, 1891, to Eva Wilson, a daughter of the Rev. O. L. Wilson, and they now reside in Pittsfield. Anna Eliza was born June 30, 1872, and on the 29th of July, 1890, became the wife of Loren Windmiller, a resident of Pittsfield. Sam- uel Jacob was born March 14, 1876, and died November 30, 1879. Grace Mildred, born Feb- ruary 23, 1878, was married to William J. Bell, April II, 1900. They reside at Visalia, California. Dora Elizabeth, born July 6, 1881, was married December 24, 1902, to Frank I. Barrum and is living in Clinton, Illinois. Edith Clare, born Feb- ruary 15, 1884, died December 8, 1886. Arcade John was born September 20, 1886. Both sons are graduates of Brown's Business College. Mrs. Kendrick has spent much time in California, and for four months she and her younger son traveled through England and Ireland. Mr. Kendrick devoted his entire life to general agricultural pursuits and found in his well direct- ed labor, careful management and practical busi- ness methods the key which unlocks the portal of success. As the years passed by he prospered in his undertakings, made judicious investment in property and left a large estate, which at his death was divided among his widow and his children. He died at his beautiful country home, which had been recently erected, on the loth of March, 1889. He filled several places of honor and trust, was recognized as a stanch republican and was a man of the highest integrity. ' A kind and loving hus- band, his best traits of character were reserved for his family and yet all who knew him found in him a man worthy of their best regard, while many entertained for him the warmest friendship, and his genuine worth endeared him to a large number of those with whom he came in contact. For long years he was classed with the rep- resentative agriculturists of Pike county, and he is now enrolled among her honored dead. Samuel B. Jacob, the father of Mrs. Kendrick, was a native of County Wexford, Ireland, and a son of Thomas and Anna (Rathwell) Jacob. He was married in Ireland, July 19, 1844, tp Rebecca Clare, and they came to the United States on the same ship with Mr. Kendrick. They first located in Kentucky, where Mr. Jacob owned and oper- ated a farm, but when Mrs. Kendrick was twelve years of age, he brought his family to Pike county, ■ Illinois, settling two and a half miles southwest of Eldara, where he became the possessor of a fine farm of three hundred and twenty acres. He died there June 28, 1884, at the age of fifty-nine years, and his wife passed away December 27, 1888, at the age of sixty-seven years. In their 2C/3 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. family were nine children, of whom four died in infancy, including John, who was two years old at the time of his death. The others were all married when the father departed this life. They were Mrs. Kendrick ; Mrs. Susan Thomas, who died January 5, 1905; Rebecca, wife of William Sttamback, of Kansas ; Mrs. Emma J. Troutwine, living on one-half of the old homestead farm in Pleasant Vale township ; and Esther, wife of Wil- liam Easley, who also lives on the old home farm. The father of this family was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, and was superintendent of the Sunday-school. JOHN W. WILLIAMS. John W. Williams, one of the active, energetic farmers and stock-raisers of Pike county, car- rying on his work along lines of modern agri- cultural progress, is living on section 22, Hardin township, where he owns and operates a farm of one hundred and sixty acres of rich land, which with its good improvements and productive soil constitutes a valuable property. He is a native son of the county, born on the fann where he now resides, March i, 1866. His father, Captain Henry J. Williams, was a native of Kentucky, and was a son of Squire Williams, who came from the Blue Grass state to Illinois with his family during the pioneer epoch in the history of this section of the state. Captain Williams spent his youth here, and was married to Miss Ruth Chenowith, a native of Illinois. Captain Williams was a prominent farmer and successful agricul- turist and business man, whose carefully directed labors and judicious investments made him the owner of thirteen hundred acres of Pike county's rich farming land. He reared his family and spent the evening of his life in this locality, and he is still survived by his wife, who resides in Hardin township. She has two hundred and forty acres one-fourth mile west of Tine. John W. Williams was reared upon the old homestead farm, and is indebted to the public- school system for the educational privileges he enjoyed. He was married in Hardin township. on the 14th of November, 1891, to Miss Lillian Watts, a native of Pike county, bom in Milton. Pier girlhood was largely passed in Milton, where she lived with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Mat- thew D. Watts. Her father was a native of Eng- land, and was a son of John Watts, who emi- grated from that country to the new world with his family, taking up his abode in Pike county when his son Matthew was a lad of only seven years. The latter therefore spent his youth largely in Illinois, and was married here to Miss Delia Barnes, a native of Missouri. They began housekeeping where they now reside, Mr. Wil- liams devoting his entire life and energies to the occupation of farming. He has fenced his place, has improved his buildings, and has now a well equipped property, on which the accessories of a model farm are all found. The fields are well tilled, and he annually harvests good crops. He also raises and feeds stock, making a specialty of hogs, sheep and cattle. He is likewise in- terested in fine poultry, and is raising pure blooded Plymouth Rock chickens, having a large and fine flock. He is also a breeder of thor- oughbred Scotch collie dogs. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have become the par- ents of four children, of whom three are living, Lewis Vernon, their first born, having died at the age of seven years. Those still surviving are: Mary Ruth, Matthew Dean and John Merrill. Mr. Williams exercises his right of franchise in sup- port of the men and measures of the democracy, but has ever been without aspiration for public of- fice. His wife is a member of the Christian church, and both hold membership with the organization of Woodmen, the former with the camp, and the latter with its auxiliary, the Royal Neighbors. Mr. Williams is numbered among the citizens whose life history proves the attractiveness of Pike county as a place of residence, for he has always maintained his abode here, enjoying the good advantages here afforded and finding in the business conditions of this section of the state ample opportunity for the exercise of his talents and energies. He has continuously resided upon the farm which is 3ret his home ; and he is an active and prosperous agriculturist and stock- raiser, and a man of good business ability, in- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Ml tegrity and upright character and worth. He and his estimable wife ^re much esteemed in the county where they Uve. JOHN CRAVEN, Sr. John Craven, Sr., who for many years was identified with agricultural interests in Pike county, but is now living a retired life in Griggs- ville, was born in Morgan county, Illinois, Febru- ary 13, 1835, his parents being John and Esther (Warton) Craven. The father was born in York- shire, England, January 7, 1802, while the moth- er's birth occurred in 1812. They were married in England and the same year — 183 1 — crossed the Atlantic in a sailing vessel, which was eight weeks in completing that voyage. They settled in the wilds of Morgan county, Illinois — for that district was then a frontier region. Their home was six miles west of Jacksonville, and there they lived in a little log cabin during the first winter after the "big snow" in Illinois. Mr. Craven first purchased eighty acres of land, and with characteristic energy began its cultivation and improvement, continuing to carry on farming in Morgan county until 1850, when he came to Pike county, settling on section 20, Griggsville township, where he followed both farming and stock-raising on a tract of land of two hundred and fourteen acres. In connection with the culti- vation of the fields he raised both cattle and hogs, devoting his attention to the work of the farm until 1865, when he purchased seventy acres of land, which he then rented. He lived upon that property, however, in the enjoyment of a well earned rest up to the time of his death. He be- longed to the Episcopal church and gave his po- litical support to the whig party. As a pioneer settler, he contributed in a large measure to the welfare and upbuilding of the localities in which he lived, and his genuine worth gained for him the respect and trust of his fellowmen. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for John Craven of this review during the period of his boyhood and youth. He worked in the fields and meadows through the summer months, and in the winter seasons acquired a good jiractical education by at- tending the public schools. Soon after his mar- riage he began farming and stock-raising on his own account, and followed that business continu- ousl}- until 1899, when he bought a home in the city of ( iriggsville, where he has since lived re- tired. In all of his farm work he was practical, energetic and enterprising, and his carefully di- rected labors brought him the competence that now enables him to rest from further business care. Air. Craven was married on the 12th of May, 1864, to Miss Henrietta George, who was born October 17. 1837, in London, England, a daugh- ter of Samuel and Mary (Granger) George. The father was born in Northamptonshire, England, in 1797, and was of Quaker parentage, while his wife was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1798. They were married in the city of London in 1825, and in 1847 came to the L^nited States, leaving their native land on Christmas day as passengers on board a sailing vessel bound for New Orleans. Thence they proceeded up the Mississippi river to St. Louis and on to Griggsville Landing, in Pike county, being nine weeks on the way. Thev arrived in Ajjril and soon afterward located about a mile and a half west of Griggsville, where they lived for five years, after which they took up their abode on another farm about a mile and a half farther west, remaining there for seven years. On the expiration of that period Mr. George purchased a farm in Brown county, Illinois, upon which he carried on general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising, having a tine .grade of cattle and hogs. For a long period he lived an active and enterprising life and then retired some years prior to his demise. He never cared for public office, preferring to concentrate his attention upon his business affairs. Both he and his wife were members of the Church of England ; and his po- litical allegiance was given to the republican part}-. In their family were three children, all Ijorn in London : John, who was born in 1826, and is now living in Griggsville; Elizabeth, who was born in 1830 and died in i860; and Mrs. Craven. LTnto our subject and his wife have been born six children : George, who died in infancy ; Mary 2Q2 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. E., born in 1866; Annie, in 1869; Maud and Vir- ginia, twins, in 1873; and John, in October, 1876. This name has been handed down to the eighth generation in direct Hne. Mr. and Mrs. Craven hold membership in the Episcopal church ; and in politics he is independent, voting for the candi- date whom he thinks best qualified for office with- out regard to part}^ affiliation. For more than a half century Mr. Craven has lived in this county and throughout the period of his entire life cov- ering three score years and ten, has been a resi- dent of Illinois. While living the quiet life of the farmer, he has always kept in touch with the progress of events marking the history of his community and his country, and in local affairs has given his support to measures for the general good. His mind bears the impress of the early historic annals of the county, and he is familiar with the many changes that have brought about the present condition of advanced progress and prosperity in connection with the business life of Pike county. ISAAC S. CONKRIGHT. Isaac S. Conkright, proprietor of a grocery- and confectionery store in Salem, also closelv connected with agricultural interests in various departments and well known as a breeder of throughbred horses, was born September 28, 1838, on what is known as the Conkright place about a mile from his present home. His fa- ther, Isaac Conkright, Sr., was a native of Ken- tucky, and came to Illinois at an early day, set- tling upon the farm upon which the birth of our subject occurred. The paternal grandfather also bore the name of Isaac Conkright, and on coming to Pike county with his son Isaac, took up land from the government, which has since been in possession of the famil)-. He was a factor in the pioneer development of this part of the state and aided in laying broad and deep the foundation for the present prosperity and progress of the county. Isaac Conkright, father of our subject, continued a resident of Pike county from the time of his arrival here in pioneer days until his de- mise, and was regarded as one of the leading- agriculturists and corn-raisers in this part of the state. He also owned some land in Kansas, and he found that through the utilization of his busi- ness opportunities he could secure a competenca. Gradually he worked his way upward, becoming one of the substantial residents of this part of the state. In his family were six children, of whom three are now living': Isaac S., of this review; Mrs. Sarah Preble, who resides in New Salem; and Mrs. Elizabeth Doane, who is living in Colo- rado Springs, Colorado. Isaac S. Conkright was educated in the com- mon schools of Pike county, and was reared to farm labor, early becoming familiar with the va- rious duties that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. For forty-five years he engaged in threshing. In 1866 he purchased his present home and has oc- cupied it continuously since. He owns two hun- dred and seventy-one acres of fine land under a high state of cultivation, the place being well improved with all modern equipments and acces- sories. He erected the residence and other build ings upon the place and has kept his farm in a splendid condition, embodying all the rules of the progressive agriculturist. He was extensively engaged in wheat-raising at an earlier day, but afterward turned his attention to the raising of stock, more particularly cattle and hogs. He op- erated a thresher, clover huller and feed mill and in this way added to his income as the years passed by. He is likewise well known as a breeder of horses and now owns two fine thoroughbred stallions, one Blackhawk and one Belgian. He is well known as a horse breeder, and in this branch of his business, as well as in other lines, has met with success. He also owns a grocery and confectionery store and ice cream parlor in New Salem, and is owner of the town hall there. Mr. Conkright was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Bean, who was born upon the farm where she now resides. She is a daughter of John Bean, who came to Pike county with his father, and entered land from the government in pioneer times, this being the farm upon which Mr. and Mrs. Conkright now reside. They have two sons : John, who married Hannah Chaney and lives near his father; and Bert, who resides upon PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 293 the homestead farm. He married Miss Nettie Slaughter, who died lepV-ving four children, and he afterward wedded Lula Harris. John Conkright has a family of six children. In his political views Mr. Conkright is an earn- est and stalwart republican, but has never sought or desired office, preferring to concentrate his en- ergies upon his business affairs. He and his wife are members of the Universalist church, of New Salem ; and in the community where they reside they enjoy the confidence and good will of all with whom they have been associated through social or business relations. Mr. Conkright has never used tobacco in any form, and deserves much credit for what he has achieved. Realizing the truth of the old Greek adage, "Earn thy re- ward : the gods give naught to sloth," he has labored persistently and energetically as the years have gone by, doing much hard work and thus gaining the success which always comes as the direct result of earnest purpose and energetic effort. He is widely known in the community and his many friends admire him for what he has accomplished as well as for his commendable personal characteristics. DAVID W. STONER. David W. Stoner, who was for years one of the substantial farmers and business men of Pike county and now owns a well improved farm in Detroit township is a representative of the little band of pioneer settlers who are yet living to tell the tale of early experiences in this part of the state. He has lived within a mile and a quar- ter of Detroit since 1843, ^"^ has therefore wit- nessed almost the entire growth and progress that has been made in this locality. A native of Eng- land, he was born in Yorkshire on the 22d of Oc- tober, 1 83 1, and is a son of Thomas Stoner, who comes of a long line of Scotch ancestry. He was born, however, in England and was married there to Miss Anna Maria Waide, a native of England. Mr. Stoner was a miller by trade and in order to provide for his family followed that pursuit in his native country until after the birth of five of his children. In 1843 he emi- grated to the new world, landing at New York, whence he made his way westward to Pike county, settling on a farm that is now owned by his son, David W. Stoner. He purchased one hundred and twenty acres of partially improved land and began the further development and culti- vation of this property. Later he removed to the village of Detroit, where his death occurred in 1878. His first wife died in 1861 and he after- ward married Gelina Staples. David W. Stoner of this review is one of a family of three sons and one daughter. The first eleven years of his life were spent in his native country, and he then accompanied his par- ents on the voyage to the new world and was reared upon the old home farm in Detroit town- ship. As his age and strength permitted he as- sisted in the arduous task of reclaiming the wild land for the uses of civilization and he shared with the family in the various hardships and trials incident to pioneer life. His educational privi- leges were necessarily limited, owing to the fact that this was a frontier district; but he has greatly broadened his knowledge since attaining man's estate. To his father he gave the benefit of his services until after he had attained his majority, and was then married in Griggsville on the 1st of December, 1853, ^ Miss Maria Dean, a native of Connecticut, and a daughter of Hiram L. Dean, who was born and reared in that state. He was also married there to Miss Wealthy M. Saunders, a native of the same place. In 1836 Mr. Dean came to Pike county, being one of the first settlers to aid in the reclamation of a wild and unimproved region. Mrs. Stoner was reared and educated here. In the course of years Mr. Stoner of this review succeeded to the old homestead farm, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits for several years. In 1867 he removed to Polk county, Wisconsin, in order to improve his health, making his way to the pineries. He benefited by the change, and in 1868 he returned to Pike county, where he em- barked in merchandising in Detroit. After two years' connection with this business he resumed agricultural pursuits where he farmed until 1883, when he removed to Detroit and purchased resi- 294 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. dencc property, addint;- to and rcmndelino- his house and now has a good home, where he lives retired. ,Mr, and Mrs, Stoner had five children, of whom one son, George, died at the age of thirteen years, his death being occasioned by an accident. Anna is the wife of Charles Sneeden, who is op- erating the old home farm ; and they have five children. Emma is with her parents. Mar)- died at the age of sixteen years. They also had one child who died in infancy. Politically Mr. Stoner has been a lifelong- democrat, having -supported the party since cast- ing his first presidential ballot for Franklin Pierce in 1852. While living on the farm he served as highway commissioner and also as su- pervisor for one year after which he resigned. He has also been a believer in good schools and the employment of good teachers, and has been an advocate of substantial and practical progress. His wife and daughter are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. For over sixty years Mr. Stoner has made his home in Pike county and is numbered among the few remaining old settlers. He is a gentleman of broad integrity and of sterling character and worth and he has witnessed the many changes that have occurred, his mind bearing the impress of the early his- toric annals of the state. He also deserves con- siderable credit for what he has accomplished in the business world for he started out empty- handed and is today in possession of a handsome competence, which now enables him to rest in the enjoyment of a well earned ease. THOAT.\S SHOE^MAKER. Thomas Shoemaker, for many years a most prominent and honored citizen of Griggsville, so interwove his interests with those of the citv and so endeared himself to his fellow townsmen that his death came as a personal bereavement to the great majority of those wIid had been associated \\'ith him in social, business or church relations. He was born on the 7th of September, 1840, in Pahaquary, New Jersey his parents I)eing Ben- jamin T. and 11a (Howell) Shoemaker, both of whom were natives of ?^ew England, and the father followed farming in Sussex county. New Jersey, before his removal to Illinois. He was born February 10, 1812, and it was on the 13th of November, 1834, that he wedded Miss Ha Howell, whose birth had occurred January 18, 1809. She (lied May 3, i860, and on the 4th of March, 1863, he married Mrs. Ellen ( X'oorhees) Felmly, of Somerville, New Jerse}-, who now makes her home in Perry. In 1868 he emigrated westward to Illinois, where he followed the occupation of farming and stock-raising. He was a strong tem- perance man and delivered many lectures in sup- port of temperance principles. Both he and his wife were members of the Presbyterian church in Perry and his political allegiance was given to the republican party. Unto Mr. Shoemaker and his first wife there were born seven children, of whom onh' one is now living, Mrs. E. S. Hoyt, whose husband is cashier of the Griggsville Na- tional Bank. B}- the second marriage there were four children, all residents of Perry. Thomas Shoemaker spent his youth upon the home farm in Sussex county. New Jersey, and at the age of eighteen years began teaching, which profession he follovi'ed for two years. On the ex- piration of that period he responded to the coun- try's call for aid and enlisted in Company I of the Seventh Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers, which was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. For three years he endured the hardships and dan- gers meted out to a soldier and took part in a number of important engagements but came out of the service without wounds. He was in the battle of Malvern Hill, the second battle of Bull Run, Bristow Station, Wilderness, Spottsylvania. North .'Vnna. Cold Harbor, the second battle of Petersburg and Appomattox. He was also in many minor engagements, skirmishes and raids and though he was never wounded his health was greatly impaired by his arduous sendee and in fact he never regained his former state of vigor- ous manhood. Not long after the close of the war Mr. Shoe- maker came to Pike cormty, Illinois, settling in Perry in i8fi6. There he secured a position in the drug store of Freeman & Dunn and later en- THOMAS SHOEMAKER PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 297 tered into partnership with his brother-in-law, Mr. Freeman, which connection was continued until 1872, when Mr. Shoemaker came to Griggsville and from that time until his death his name was a familiar 'one in commercial circles in this city. He established a store here and continued its con- duct with gratifying success up to the time of his demise. His unusual executive ability, thorough- ness, public spirit and generosity were character- istics which gave him prominence in the com- munity. The Independent Press of Griggsville said of him : "For many years Mr. Shoemaker has been one of Griggsville's foremost citizens, pro- gressive and zealous in business, honored and be- loved in society and ever among the foremost in promoting the public welfare. Few among our citizens have had more devoted friends, and among them he was ever a leader and influential counselor. While h€ was a close and aggressive business man, and thoroughlv looked after the many details of his extensive interests, yet in all public enterprises he was generous and public spirited. He gave freely both of his time and money to religious interests and to all public en- terprises that seemed for the good of the com- munity. In forwarding its material interests, in providing suitable accommodations for public gatherings, in ministering to the intellectual de- velopment of our people, and in practical charity he was always a leader and a generous contrib- utor. Though a reticent man, his friendships were strong and lasting, and those who were most closely associated with him in business, by the campfire or in social life will miss his helpful com- panionship. Self-control was possibly his strong- est element of character. In all the storm and stress of life, no matter what the provocation, he never lost command of himself, and his unfailing serenity, reasonableness and charity won for him the sincere respect of all." It was on the T6th of March, 1870, that Mr. Shoemaker was united in marriage to Miss Anna E. Vertrees, of Perry, a daughter of Jacob and Nancy ("Hobbs) Vertrees, both of whom were na- tives of Kentucky, but were married in Illinois. The father came to this state at an early day, set- tling in Perry township upon the present site of the village of Perry and there he built the first 16 house. He was a carpenter by trade and followed that pursuit for a number of years, erecting many buildings in Perry and throughout the surround- ing district. He also bought a farm which he im- proved, transforming the place into a tract of rich fertility, and he carried on general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising up to within ten years of his death. He held many public offices and was widely recognized as one of the leading, influen- tial and honored residents of Perry township. He took a very active and helpful interest in temper- ance work, was a member of the Sons of Temper- ance, and both he and his wife were devoted mem- bers of the Baptist church. His political alle- giance was given to the whig party. Mr. and Mrs. Shoemaker had two children but their son Winfred met a tragic death in 1899. He was married November 8, 1894, to Miss Mary Alice Hoyt, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. E, S. . Hoyt, of Griggsville, and at his death he left tvv'o children, Charles Hoyt and Katrina, who re- side with their mother in Griggsville. The daugh- ter, Louise, was married October 9, 1901, to Ar- thur Warren Butterfield, of Griggsville, who now has charge of the store owned by Mrs. Shoe- maker. While a member of the army Mr. Shoemaker also became a member of the church, uniting with the Presbyterian church at Somerville, New Jer- sey. In 1872 he became a member of the Con- greg-ational church in Griggsville and he was ever one of its faithful, generous and influential repre- sentatives. He likewise belonged to Griggsville lodge. No. 45, A. F. & A. M., and he was held in the highest esteem by his brethren in the craft as well as in the church. As he found opportunity he traveled quite widely for enlightenment and pleasure and, accompanied by his wife, he several times visited his native .state, also traveled throup-h Colorado, California and other parts of the west. He thus broadened his knowledge, gaining that comprehensive culture which only travel can bring. He stood as a high type of American man- hood, quick to recognize the good in others and exemplyfying in his own life those sterling traits of character which everywhere command respect and confidence. He passed away January 7, 1903, when in the sixty-third year of his age, and his 298 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. death was deeply deplored because he had many warm friends who missed his kindly companion- ship, his wise counsel and his helpful spirit. Most of all his death was felt in his own household for the best traits of character were reserved his own family. EDWARD L. CLAYTON. Edward L. Clayton has been manager of the Pike County Telephone Company since its or- ganization in 1898, and has displayed excellent business ability in its control. He is one of the native sons of the county, born in Pittsfield on the 2d of March, 1867, his parents being Wil- liam H. and Helena (Dillingham) Clayton, in whose family were five children, Edward L. being the youngest. The others were : Julia B., William M., Fred H. and Nettie M. Clayton, all of whom are living with the exception of Nettie, who died in May, 1885. The father was one of the pioneer residents of Pike county, contributed to its commercial development and for many years was actively engaged in the hardware busi- ness in Pittsfield. He died November 6, 1902, and is still survived by his wife, who is yet living in Pittsfield at the advanced age of seventy-three years. Edward I^. Clayton is indebted to the public- school system of Pittsfield for the educational privileges which he enjoyed and which qualified him for life's practical and responsible duties. He learned the tinner's trade after putting aside his text-books and was thus engaged for ten years. He then came to Milton as manager for W. H. Clayton & Sons, dealers in hardware, occupying that position for seven years, on the expiration of which period the firm sold out to S. S. Landess. He is now one of the members of the Clayton Hardware Company of Pittsfield and for two years before severing his connec- tion with the hardware trade in Milton he was connected with the telephone company and for the past three or four years has devoted his entire attention to the manag'cment of the business, which under his capable control has steadily grown until telephones have been installed in al- most every business house on its lines and in many private residences as well. Mr. Clayton has been married twice. He first wedded Lillie M. Petty and unto them was born a son, Carroll L. Clayton. The wife and mother died August 27, 1897, and ]\Ir. Clayton was married on the 28th of November, 1899, to Dora O. Anthony, a daughter of James C. and Cathar- ine (Jenkins) Anthony. Her father died in April, 1903, and the mother is now living in Bethel, Illinois. Mr. Clayton belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and to the Modern Woodmen camp and he is honored and respected as a business man of ability, whose advancement and success are attributable entirely to his own efforts. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Clayton is the center of a cultured society circle in Milton and the number of their friends is constantly growing. JOHN E. DINSMORE. On the roster of county officials in Pike county appears the name of John E. Dinsmore, who in 1904 was elected to the position of circuit clerk and who in the discharge of his duties has proved a capable and reliable official. He was born in Hardin township, June 13, 1859, his parents being John C. and Priscilla (Barney) Dinsmore. The father was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, in 1822 and when four years of age was brought to Scott county, Illinois, by his parents, who about 1830 removed to Pike county. The father engaged in farming in Hardin township, where he owned a good tract of land, and he also de- voted his attention to raising stock. His business interests were capably managed and he continued to reside upon his farm until his death, which occurred February, 16, 1874. His widow still survives him and is now living in Jacksonville, Illinois, at the age of seventy-three years. When he arrived in Pike county he purchased raw land, which he cultivated and improved, and in due course of time he had developed excellent farming property. He had served in the Mexican war. for which he was given land warrants which he traded for a half section of land. In 1849 he PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 299 went to California, making tlie overland trip with a company from St. Joseph, Missouri. There were four Dinsmore brothers in the party, but two of them died while on the Pacific coast. Mr. Dinsmore of this review spent a year and a half in California, from 1849 until 1851, and in his mining operations there he was quite successful, arriving home with a goodly sum of money. The return trip was made by way of the Isthmus of Panama. At the time of the Civil war he again responded to his country's call, and in 1863 raised a company of which he was commissioned captain, it being Company E, Ninety-ninth Regiment of Illinois - Volunteers. He served until he was forced to resign on account of ill health. During his two years' service in the Mexican war he was under command of Colonel Hardin, of Jack- sonville, Illinois, who fell into Mr. Dinsmore's arms when he was shot and died in that way. Mr. Dinsmore was a democrat in his political views and at one time was a candidate for sheriff of Pike county. He served for some time as town- ship supervisor and filled other township offices. Both he and his wife were members of the Christian church and were people of the highest respectability, enjoying in large measure the friendship and regard of those with whom they were associated. In their family were eleven children, of whom seven reached years of ma- turity : Virginia, who is engaged in the practice of medicine at Jacksonville, Illinois ; Tilla, also residing in that city; Alfred A., who is in the west ; John E. ; Dora, who died when seventeen years of age ; George, a practicing physician of Jacksonville; and J. W., who is a member of the medical fraternity at Nebo, Illinois. John E. Dinsmore pursued his education in the common schools and entered business life when twenty-one years of age. He farmed at home until December, 1904, when he removed to Pittsfield. In 1890 his mother went to Jack- sonville to live. He and his sister own two hundred and forty acres of fine farm land on sections 23 and 26, Hardin township, constitut- ing a well improved property. Mr. Dinsmore now superintends his farm and when he resided there- on he also engaged in raising and shipping stock, buying and feeding cattle, horses and hogs. Mr. Dinsmore was married in 1880 to Miss Laura Hatcher, a native of Pike county, who was born near Milton, May 25, 1861, and is a daugh- ter of John and Rebecca (Boren) Hatcher. The father's birth occurred in Kentucky, while the mother's birth occurred in Pike county, her par- ents having been pioneer settlers here. Mr. Hatcher was a farmer, owning and operating a good tract of land, but both he and his wife are now deceased. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dinsmore have been born eight children : Jessie, Carrie, John, Katherine, Helen, Ernestine, Mildred and Hugh. Mr. Dinsmore is a member of the Modern Woodmen camp. No. 2313, at Time, and also belongs to lodge No. ,569, A. F. & A. M., at Time, and Milton chapter, No. 118, R. A. M., while bis wife is a devoted member of the Christ- ian church. He has been a democrat all of his life and while living upon the farm served for sixteen years as justice of the peace. In 1904 he was elected circuit clerk and removed to Pitts- field, where he now resides with his family. He has ever been loyal to the trusts reposed in him, whether of a public or private nature, and his life has ever been honorable and upright. By the faithful performance of his daily duties he has found courage and strength for the work of the next day and in all life's relations has been straightforward and reliable. GRANVILL O. SMITH. Granvill O. Smith is the cashier of the Hillview Bank, in Greene county, Illinois, which is a branch of the Bank of Pearl. He was born in Pike county about three miles east of Perry on the loth of August, 1886, and is a son of George'M. and Hattie J. (Wilkins) Smith. His father is now serving as sheriiif of Pike county. The mother died June 22, 1904, in Pittsfield. When only two years of age Granvill O. Smith was taken by his parents to Griggsville, where he acquired his preliminary education. The family afterward removed to Pittsfield in ,1902 and he there attend- 300 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ed school for two years. He next went to Quincy, Illinois, where he pursued a ten months' course in the Gem City Business College, and on the 30th of June, 1905, he returned to Pittsfield, where he secured the position of cashier in the Hillview Bank, which he is now tilling. This is an excellent and responsible position for a young man of his years and he has made a splendid start which argues well for greater honors and pros- perity as the years advance. GEORGE H. WIKE. George H. Wike is engaged in the insurance business in Barry, his native city. He was born May I, 1875, and is a son of Thomas O. and El- mira (Cochran) Wike. His father was born in Barr)' township, in 1848, and was a son of David J. and Drusilla (Orr) Wike, who were of Ger- man descent. The former was born in Cumber- land county, Pennsylvania, in 1821, and was the youngest son of George and Mary (Essig) Wike, both of whom were natives of the Keystone state, in which George Wike died in 1825. The grandfather of our subject, reared and educated in the east, settled in Quincy, Illinois, in 1842 and was there engaged in the woolen business for two years, when he removed to Barry town- ship, Pike count)^, and in connection with his brothers, George and Joseph, and J. P. Grubb erected a factory for the manufacture of woolen goods on section 23. The new enterprise proved profitable and an extensive business was carried on for five years, at the end of which time David J. Wike sold his interest and purchased a farm in New Salem township, devoting the succeeding three years to its cultivation and improvement. He then returned to Barry and in 1847 was mar- ried to Miss Drusilla, daughter of Thomas Orr and a native of Randolph county, Illinois, born in 1828. Mr. and Mrs. Wike settled upon his farm in the spring of 1853, the place comprising two hundred acres of land valued at seventy-five dollars per acre, and to the further development and cultivation of the place he devoted his ener- gies. He was the first member initiated into the Masonic order at Barry — the year being 1845, and his name is indelibly inscribed upon the pages of Pike county history, because of his active con- nection with many events contributing to its ma- terial progress and permanent improvement. In his family were seven children. Thomas O. Wike, one of this number, was reared and educated in Barry township and in his youth performed various duties which were assigned to him in connection with the cultiva- tion of the home farm. He was married in 1872 to Miss Elmira Cochran, who was born in Bay- lis, in October, 1849, ^'^'^ unto them were born five children : George H., Elizabeth E., Berl H.,, Charles Owen and Glenn E., all of whom are liv- ing in Barry. The father was a farmer, owning and operating forty acres of land. He held mem- bership in the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows and enjoyed in large measure the respect of his brethren of that fraternity and of the gen- eral public as well. He belonged to the pioneer generation of Barry's citizens and was an inter- ested witness of the progress and development of the county through many years. He died in 1900 at the age of fifty-one years, while his wife passed away in July, 1902. Reared in the county of his nativity and in- debted to the public-school system for the edu- cational privileges which have qualified him for life's practical and responsible duties, George H. Wike has for some time conducted a large and growing insurance business in Barry. He is now district agent and also ^special agent for the Phoenix Fire Insurance Company of Brookl>Ti, New York, and also for the Insurance Company of North America and the National Fire Insur- ance Company of Hartford, Connecticut. His territory covers Pike, Adams, Hancock, Morgan, Calhoun and Cass counties. For three years he was in partnership with Perry C. Allen, of Pitts- field, but is now alone in business and has a large clientage. In 1901 Mr. Wike was married to Miss Gretta E. Greene, who was born in Pike county, near Barry, in September, 1880, and is a daughter of J. M. and and Hannah (Tilton) Greene, wha are residing near Barry. The father is a breeder PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 301 of Shetland ponies, also handles cattle and is the owner of one hundred and twelve acres of val- uable land. In his family were three daughters : Mrs. Wike, who was educated in music ; Mrs. Nora Taylor, who is living in Trinidad, Colo- rado ; and Delia, at home. Mr. Wike is a member of Barry lodge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M. ; also Barry chapter, No. 88, R. A. M. ; Knights of Pythias lodge. No. 567, and the Mutual Protective League. He votes with the democracy and has been alderman of Barry since 1 901, but is far from being a poli- tician in the usually accepted sense, and his pres- ent office holding comes only from an earnest de- sire to aid in the promotion of the city's welfare and its progress along substantial lines of im- provement. JACOB WINDMILLER. Jacob Windmiller, ex-sheriff of Pike county and one of its prominent citizens, was born in Spring Creek township, January 3, 1849:, and was the second son of Peter and Sevelia (Apple- gate) Windmiller. The father was born in Ger- many in 1816 and on crossing the Atlantic to the United States in 1832 settled in Pennsylvania, where he remained for two years. He then took up his abode on section 7, Spring Creek town- ship, Pike county, Illinois, in 1834, and remained upon that farm for eight years, after which he purchased another farm, on section 19 of the same township. He was an energetic agriculturist and during his residence in Spring Creek township did much toward developing a good farm. His second property is now a part of the town of Nebo. He spent his remaining days upon that farm, passing away in the winter of 1876. In connection with general agricultural pursuits he carried on merchandising and he did his full share toward the agricultural and commercial de- velopment of the county. In his death the com- munity felt that it had lost one of its most worthy pioneer citizens. Jacob Windmiller was reared under the pa- rental roof, remaining with his parents until twen- ty-five years of age, during which time he ac- quired a good practical education in the public schools and also learned the best methods of car- ing for the farm property. In the fall of 1870 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary S. Stone, M'ho was born in Kentucky and was a daughter of Nathan Stone, who came to Illinois from the former state during the infancy of his daughter, Mrs. Windmiller. He located in Pike county, becoming one of its enterprising agricul- turists. Following his marriage Mr. Windmiller set- tled in Pleasant Hill township, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits, making his home upon his first farm for two years. He then pur- chased one hundred and twenty-nine acres of land near Nebo, which he managed and at the same time conducted a hotel and a livery barn in the town. Being a good practical farmer and a sound business man, he carried on both enter- prises with success until 1886, when he was elected sheriff of Pike county and in the fall of the same year took up his residence in Pittsfield, where he lived for some time. He was eminently fitted for the office and his whole course during his incumbency showed him to possess rare tact, unfaltering bravery and sound judgement. He ever displayed the qualities of a public-spirited citizen, acting without regard to party affiliation or personal prejudices. He served as sheriff four years, filling the office in a most capable manner. Following his service in the office of sheriff he was elected county treasurer of Pike county for a four years' term. In politics he is a stalwart democrat and has filled a number of local po- sitions, including that of coroner while residing in Nebo, a position which he resigned when elect- ed sheriff. Mr. Windmiller is still closely associated with the agricultural interests of Pike county, owning two hundred and seventy acres of valuable land on section 12, Pittsfield township, where he re- sides. He has a beautiful home here with all modern improvements upon his farm, including commodious and substantial barns, well kept fences and other equipments. His land is richly cultivated and annually returns to him good har- vests and he is also a successful stockman, rais- ing horses and polled Angus cattle. 302 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Unto Mr. and i\Irs. Windmiller have been born five children, three of whom are now living : Loren O., Lena B. and Laurel L., while Olaf E. and Harry J. died in infancy. Mr. Windmiller is a prominent and influential Mason, belonging to Pleasant Hill lodge, No. 565, A. F. & A. M.; Pittsfield chapter. No. 10, R. A. M. ; and Pitts- field commandery, K. T. He has a wide and fa- vorable acquaintance in the county in which his entire life has been passed, possessing a cordial disposition, genial manner and enterprising spirit which render him popular socially as well as in business and political circles. STEPHEN M. HOLT. Stephen M. Holt is the owner of a valuable farm of one hundred and ten acres of finely im- proved land in New Salem township, which he has brought to a high state of cultivation. The place is improved with an attractive and com- fortable residence and good buildings for the shelter of grain and stock. In fact none of the equipments of a model farm of the twentieth century are lacking here and Mr. Holt is recog- nized as a leading representative of agricultural interests in Pike county. He was born in Sulli- van county, Tennessee, on the 5th of September, 1855, his parents being George and Elizabeth (Lots) Holt, who were married in Tennessee, where the father followed the occupation of farm- ing. His death occurred in that state in 1864 and his wife, long surviving him, passed away in Tennessee in 1898. In their family were six children, of whom three are now living : Stephen M. ; Jesse E., who resides in Tennessee ; and Noah D., also of that state. Stephen M. Holt acquired his education in the common schools of Tennessee and in early life became acquainted with all the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He ar- rived in Pike county in 1876, when a young man of twenty-one years and here began his business career as a farm hand, being thus employed for two years. He was then married and took up his abode upon a farm owned by his wife, but after two 3-ears that property was sold and Mr. Holt purchased one hundred and ten acres on section 36, New Salem township, where he now resides. He raises cattle and hogs and his fields are devoted to the cultivation of corn and other cereals. He is practical in his methods, accom- plishing much by his close application and unfal- tering industr}', and he is deserving of consid- erable credit for what he has done, because he started out in life empty-handed and all that he now possesses has been obtained through his earn- est and well directed labors. On the 29th of December, 1878, Mr. Holt was united in marriage to Miss Melvina Willsey, who was born July 4, i860, in Pike county, Illinois, and was a daughter of Charles and Lydia Will- sey. Her father's birth occurred in New York in 1827 and when a young man he came to Pike county with his father and family, his father be- ing one of the early settlers here. Charles Will- sey gave his attention to agricultural pursuits in Pittsfield township and for many years was a re- spected and worthy agriculturist of the commu- nity. He died in the year 1874 and is still sur- vived by his wife, who is now living west of Pittsfield and is nearly eighty years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Willsey were the parents of seven chil- dren : Mrs. Holt ; Barnett Willsey, who is living in Kansas ; Margaret, the wife of T. F. James, a resident of Pittsfield township ; Emily, the wife of Robert Salee, who resides west of Pittsfield ; Louisa, the wife of Richard Woolfolk, who is living in Martinsburg to-wnship ; Edward, who resides in Pittsfield ; and Delia, the wife of Wil- liam Underwood. Mr. and Mrs. Holt have a family of six chil- dren : George Walter, who married Anna Brauer and resides at Giapin, Illinois ; Grace V., who married Floyd Carnes and is living in Phillips, Nebraska ; Maud, Dora Dell, Ross and Cecil, all at home. The famih' occup)' a fine residence sit- uated in the midst of a splendidly improved and valuable farm. Mrs. Holt is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Holt gives his political support to the democracy and belongs to lodge No. 700, A. F. & A. M., of Pittsfield, to the Modem Woodmen camp, the Protective League and the Fraternal Army. His earnest labors have PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 303 been directed by sound judgment and in the busi- ness world he has achieved a fair measure of suc- cess which shows that his labors have been well directed, while the respect in which he is held indicates that his life has been honorable and straightforward . JOHN G. YAEGER. That John G. Yaeger has a wide acquaintance and that his friends are many is indicated by the fact that he is so uniformly addressed by his first name in the community and county in which his entire life has been passed. He is one of the prosperous farmers, stock-raisers and stock-feed- ers of this section of the state and his business ability is indicated in his capable management of his farm of six hundred acres, which is attrac- tive in appearance and is also a source of grati- fying profit because of the fine crops which are produced and the good stock raised upon his place. Mr. Yaeger was born in Newburg town- ship, April 22, 1857, and, as the name indicates, comes of German lineage. His father, Andrew Yaeger, is a native of Germany and became one of the early settlers of Pike county, where for many years he was numbered among the substan- tial, active and energetic farmers. His sketch ap- pears elsewhere in this work. John G. Yaeger grew to manhood in Hardin township, acquiring a common-school education, remaining upon the old homestead farm with his father until he had attained his majority, assist- ing him in the work of field and meadow, so that he became familiar with all the duties that fell to the lot of the agriculturist. Following his mar- riage he rented a farm which he operated for a year and then settled in Spring Creek township and bought land and engaged in the operation of it for ten years. He then sold that property and bought the place upon which he now resides, set- tling here about 1887. He at first had one hun- dred and forty-six acres of land which he at once began to cultivate and improve. His labors were attended with success so that he was enabled to purchase more land from time to time until he is now the owner of six hundred acres, of which three hundred acres is in the home place. He has built a good house, has fenced the farm, has also built two barns and altogether has an ex- cellent property. Much of his land is planted in blue grass, so that there is excellent pasturage for his stock and the fields supply feed for the win- ter. Seventy acres, however, are reserved for crops. He has been engaged in stock-raising throughout the years of his active business ca- reer and he fattens for the market from three to five carloads of cattle and from three to five car- loads of hogs and two carloads of sheep each year. He is one of the most extensive stock deal- ers of the covmty and he topped the Chicago mar- ket three times in succession with fat Aberdeen Angus cattle. He is indeed one of the most suc- cessful stock feeders of the county and he also breeds Aberdeen Angus cattle, having a pure- blooded Aberdeeri Angus bull at the head of his herd. On the 4th of November, 1878, Mr. Yeager was married in Hardin township to Miss Enzella Williams, a daughter of William Williams, and in December, 1888, he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife. There are four living chil- dren born of that marriage : Marion, who is mar- ried and resides in Peoria ; Lillie, Lonnie and Howard. After losing his first wife Mr. Yaeger was again married, April 8, 1888, the sec- ond union being with Catherine B. Bauer, a na- tive of Hardin, Pike county, and a daughter of George Bauer, who was born in Germany and became one of the early settlers of this state. There are nine children by this marriage : Ada, Charles, John G., Frederick, Katie, Jessie, May, Nellie and Mary. Politically Mr. Yaeger is a stalwart democrat, but is without aspiration for public office. He is a believer in good schools and in the employ- ment of competent teachers and for sixteen years has been a school director, acting as clerk and also as president of the board. He has also served as commissioner of highways and has been a dele- gate to the county conventions of his party. His interest in community affairs is deep and sincere and has led him to give active support to manv measures for the general good. A Master Mason 304 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. he belongs to the lodge at Time and has filled all of its offices save that of master. He is likewise a member of the Woodmen camp and is also insured in the Northwestern and Pike County Mutual Associations. Mr. Yaeger is perhaps best known throughout the county as a breeder, feeder and shipper of stock and is recognized as a man of good business ability and of broad in- tegrity and worth, having the confidence and es- teem of the community. He started out in life on his own account a poor boy with little means save his strong detennination and laudable am- bition to achieve success and he has through his earnest labor, industry and good business man- agement accumulated a valuable property, so that he is today classed with the substantial men of the county. R. T. HICKS. R. T. Hicks, cashier of the First National Bank of Pittsfield, who has been an active factor in various business arui public interests contrib- uting to the welfare and prosperity of this city, was born upon a farm four miles south of Pitts- field on the 19th of April, 1849, ^^^d is a son of Colonel D. D. Hicks, who is represented else- where in this work. The ancestry of the family may be traced back through several generations. His paternal great-grandfather, Simeon Hicks, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, while the grandfather, Truman B. Hicks, for whom R. T. Hicks was named, fought for his country in the war of 1812. The father. Colonel D. D. Hicks, won his title as commander of the One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Regiment of the state militia of New York, and these facts indicate that the mil- itary spirit has not been lacking in the family. During the very early boyhood of R. T. Hicks his parents removed to Pittsfield, where his edu- cation was acquired, and between the ages of twelve and seventeen years, when not busy with his text-books, his time was largely given to work upon his father's farm. Leaving the high school at the age of seventeen, he afterward pursued a short course in a commercial college at St. Louis and then entered upon his business career as as- sistant to his father, who at that time was cash- ier of the First National Bank of Pittsfield. This bank had its beginning in a meeting in the old courthouse on the 28th of January, 1865. The organization was efifected and the bank capital- ized for fifty thousand dollars, with C. L. Higbee as president, C. P. Chapman as cashier and D. D. Hicks as assistant cashier. After a year Mr. Hicks became cashier and R. T. Hicks was made assistant cashier. Upon the retirement of his father from the position of cashier our subject became his successor and has since remained in that position. On the 15th of February, 1879, the capital stock was increased to eighty thousand dollars and in 1884 to one hundred thousand dol- lars, and the capital and surplus at the present writing, January, 1906, are one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. From the begin- ning this bank has maintained a foremost place among the strong and reliable financial institu- tions of this part of the state and its reputation is attributable in no small degree to the efforts of R. T. Hicks, who since May, 1867, has been connected with the institution and who for thir- teen years has been its popular cashier. Not alone to banking interests, however, has Mr. Hicks confined his attention. The greatest period of building activity which the city of Pitts- field has enjoyed followed the organization of a savings and loan association. Mr. Hicks called a meeting for the purpose of organizing such an association, was made its treasurer and con- tinued in that position until the affairs of the as- sociation were wound up with profit to all con- cerned. He was also one of the organizers of the Pike County Telephone Company, which was capitalized for twenty-five hundred dollars. From the time the capital was first increased he has been its president. The capital at the present time is seventy-five thousand dollars and from the begnjning the company has never failed to earn and pay regular dividends. This is an in- stitution which has been of great benefit to busi- ness conditions in the county as well as a source of individual profit to the stockholders. Mr. Hicks also assisted in the organization of the Home Telephone Company of Greenville, Texas, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. R. T. HICKS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 307 and has been its president from the beginning. This has had an equally successful existence and, in fact, the various business enterprises with which Mr. Hicks has been connected have proven profitable, for he carries forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. He possesses keen discrimination, sound business judgment, strong executive force and enterprise, and these are indispensable factors in modern business con- ditions. In October, 1872, Mr. Hicks was married to Miss Charlotte L. Abbott, and unto them have been born two sons and two daughters: George D., who is now assistant cashier in the First Na- tional Bank of Pittsfield; Fred A., a traveling salesman representing a Boston house ; Nettie L. and Julia C, who are at home. In community affairs effecting the material, political, social, intellectual and moral progress of the community Mr. Hicks has been deeply, actively and helpfully interested. He has never been an office seeker and, in fact, has always pre- ferred to avoid office holding, yet feeling that he should bear his full share of the responsibilities of citizenship he has consented, at the solicitation of his fellow townsmen, to act as alderman for many terms and was also mayor of the city. He has frequently been a member of the board of education and the cause of public instruction has found in him a warm and stalwart friend. He was alderman at the time of the construction of the water works and also at the time when street paving was begun in Pittsfield. When it was proposed to build the new courthouse for the county he was made the chairman of the ways and means committee, which raised from the city of Pittsfield more than one-third of the amount required for building purposes. Mr. Hicks gave his political allegiance to the democracy until 1896, when free coinage became the issue of the people, when, like thousands of others who up to that time had advocated the democratic ticket, he became a supporter of "sound money." For twenty years he has served as superintendent of the leading Sunday-school of the countv and for seven years has been president of the County Sunday-School Association. His entire life has been passed in Pike county, where he is regarded as one of the reliable, substantial business men, belonging to that class of representative citizens who, while promoting individual success, also contribute to the general progress and prosperity. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PITTS- FIELD. On the 28th day of January, 1865, there was held at the old courthouse in Pittsfield a meet- ing for the purpose of organizing a national bank, out of which grew the First National Bank of Pittsfield. The chairman of the meeting was the Hon. C. L. Higbee, the secretary, D. D. Hicks, and the allotment of shares of stock was to the follow- ing persons: C.L. Higbee, D.D. Hicks, Silas Dut- ton, R. M. Atkinson, Julia M. Higbee, E. M. See- ley, J. F. Hyde, Thomas Dickson, William Wat- son, H. M. Watson, N. A. Wells, R. R. Green, J. C. McKibben, M. J. Noyes, D. W. Dean, H. J. Noyes, J. C. Hard, G. W. Jones, L. L. Talcott, William Charles, C. P. Chapman, Joel Penning- ton, Edward Connett, B. H. Atkinson and Aus- tin Barber. The capital stock of the bank was fifty thou- sand dollars. The officers elected were C. L. Higbee, president ; C. P. Chapman, cashier ; D. D. Flicks, assistant cashier. Mr. Chapman served in the capacity of cashier for one year, after which time D. D. Hicks, who had begun with the organization as assistant cashier, became the cashier and his son, R. T. Hicks, its assistant cashier. Judge C. L. Higbee held the position as presi- dent of the bank from year to year until the time of his death, December 7, 1884, at which time C. P. Chapman was elected to fill the position and D. D. Flicks held the position of cashier up to January 18, 1892, and as second vice-president from that time until the time of his death, Au- gust 30, 1897. On February 15, 1879, the cap- ital stock of the bank was increased to eightv thousand dollars, the increase being the result of a large special dividend declared to the stock- holders. Among the persons who have occupied posi- tions below the cashier we would name the Hon. 3o8 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. G. E. Abbott, Cheyenne, Wyoming, who is at present the cashier of the First National Bank of tliat city and who has been speaker of the house of representatives and also state treasurer of Wyoming; and also Mr. Ross Matthews, who began with the bank in 1883 and remained until the organization of the Farmers' State Bank of this city, at which time he became its cashier, which position he still holds. In 1884 the capital stock was again increased to one hundred thousand dollars, and for the pur- pose of securing the influence of the people more generally it was agreed by the stockholders that the twenty thousand dollars increase might be subscribed for, as it was, by people who were not at that time owners of stock. In 1885, after the death of Hon. C. L. Higbee, Mr. C. P. Chapman was made president of the institution and remained its president up to the time of his death. In the same year the charter of the bank, which had been issued for a period of twenty years, expired and was renewed for twenty years longer ; and the charter was again renewed in 1905 for a third period of twenty years. It has been the policy of the bank from its or- ganization to avoid speculation or any induce- ments which offered more than the usual rate of interest as an investment for its money, and also to comply strictly with the requirements of the law by having a thorough quarterly examination by its directors, who regularly count the cash and bonds, inventory the notes and examine its ac- counts. Since the custom of receiving monev on de- posit for interest the bank has annually paid large sums to its depositors, as is evidenced by the fact that it amounted to more than twelve thousand dollars in the year just passed. Upon the ist of July, 1905, it paid to its stockholders the eighty-fifth dividend. ,\side from having paid from its earnings all expenses, losses and pre- miums on purchases nf bonds it has paid to the present time to its stockholders dividends amounting to four hundred and fiftv thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven dollars. To determine the relative strength of this bank as compared with that of other institutions of a like character one will do well to examine the sworn statements which are made not less than five times each year and published in the city papers from time to time. You will note that it keeps upon hand at all times a strong reserve of cash and in banks subject to demand draft more than is required as a legal reserve ; and also that the amount of its bonds are large and of the highest character. Its officers state that they have never purchased any bonds except for in- vestment' purposes and which were sold to them at par or above. The reason for which being that there may be no question of prompt pay- ment of either principal or interest. In the year 1898, on the death of C. P. Chap- man, the Hon. Harry Higbee was chosen presi- dent and is so continuing at the present time. R. T. Hicks, who is cashier at the present time, has been connected with the bank since May, 1867, first as assistant cashier and for the past thirteen years as its cashier. The present board of directors is as follows : Hon. Harry Migbee, president : Augustus Dow, vice-president ; Louis D. Hirsheimer, A. J. Lovell and M. D. King. Something of the progress of the bank may be determined by comparison of its deposits at dif- ferent periods during the past fifteen years. On the 1st of January, 1891, they were $170,693; 1st of January. 1896, $327,813; January, 1901, $404,554: January, 1905, $709,934. Its pres- ent capital stock is $100,000, its surplus $25,000, its undivided profits $58,536.84. The present stockholders are as follows: Mrs. C. L. Higbee, Mrs. D. D. Hicks, Mrs. C. P. Chapman, Mrs. E. M. Seeley, Harry Higbee, Au- gustus Dow, .\. J. Lovell, Louis D. Hirsheimer, M. D. King, R. T. Hicks, L. A. Chamberlain, C. A. Barber, Sam Flirsheimer, Sr., Sam Hirshei- mer, Jr., Isaac Strauss, Jacob Strauss, Mrs. M. D. King, IMrs. Augustus Dow, Charles Shadel, E. C. Winans, A. W. Platner, A. B. Carey, Mrs. F. M. Lewis, S. G. Shaw, W. PL Vactor, J. K. Sitton, Mrs. L. -\. Chamberlain, J. G. Willsey, T. X. Hall, W. R. Willsey, May Judd, H. T. Dufficld and Phebe Flyatt. The bank started upon its third period of twenty \'ears with a working capital three times as great as at its beginning, with no entangling PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 309 alliances, with no accumulation of worthless pa- per in its assets and the liberal training and large experience of its officers, backed as they are by an extraordinarily competent board of directors, should add still further luster to its past good record. LYMAN WARD. Lyman Ward is the owner of an excellent farm of two hundred and fifty acres in Pleasant Vale township, on which he has recently erected a fine residence, making this one of the best improved and most attractive homes in his community. He was born in this township on the 26th of Octo- ber, 1849, his parents being John and Rhoda (En- low) Ward. The father was born in Allegany county, Maryland, June 17, 1816, and was a son of Samuel Ward, a native of Virginia and a grandson of Abijah Ward. The last named was a millwright by trade and died at an advanced age. His son, Samuel Ward, wedded Mary House, of Marjdand, a daughter of Andrew House, who was born in that state and fought for the independence of the colonies in the Revolu- tionary war. In early pioneer times he removed to Ohio, where his death occurred. His wife died in Adams county at the advanced age of nearly -ninety years. Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Ward became residents of Colum- biana county, Ohio, where they spent about eleven years and then went to Knox county, Ohio, where they remained for a similar period. In 1845 they arrived in Pike county, Illinois, settling on sec- tion 36, Pleasant Vale township, their home being a log cabin. In the same year while on a trip to Quincy to buy land Mr. Ward was killed by being thrown from his horse. His widow sur- vived for many years, passing away when about eighty years of age. In their family were twelve children, including John Ward, the father of our subject. He was reared in Columbiana and Knox counties, Ohio, and received only such educational privileges as could be obtained in one of the lit- tle log schoolhouses of that day. After arriving at years of maturity he assumed the management of his father's farm, which he conducted until about twenty-five years of age. Pie was after- ward employed as a farm hand for a time and later rented land until 1868, when he invested his savings in one hundred and sixty acres on section ID, Pleasant Vale township. Two years later he disposed of this to good advantage and bought three hundred and sixty-five acres, of which forty- five acres were in Pleasant Vale township and the remainder in Atlas township. Upon this farm he continued to make his home until his death and he added two hundred acres to the original pur- chase, so that his place was an extensive one, com- prising five hundred and sixty-five acres. This land is very productive and owing to his cultiva- tion and the improvements he placed upon the property he developed one of the best farms in the county. His life was one of untiring industry and he had the reputation of being one of the fast- est workers in the wheatfields of the county. His political allegiance was given to the republican party and he followed in the religious faith of his ancestors, becoming a loyal member of the Methodist church, to which his wife also be- longed. It was in 1842 that he married Rhoda Enlow, a daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Enlow. She was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1816. Her parents were natives of Maryland and Ireland re- spectively and the former died in Pike county, Illinois, and the latter in Ohio. For many years Mr. and Mrs. John Ward traveled life's journey happily together, but both have now passed away, the death of Mr. Ward occurring when he was seventy-seven years of age, while his wife reached the advanced age of seventy-nine years. In their family were twelve children, of whom only four are now living : Lucinda is the widow of James Francis, a resident of St. Louis, Missouri. Lyman and Julia are twins. The latter is the widow of Newton Miller and resides in Atlas township. Ella is the wife of Joseph L. Duckworth and re- sides near her brother's farm. Lyman Ward is indebted to the public-school system of Pike county for the educational privi- leges he enjoyed in his youth. He began life as a farmer and has always devoted his energies to agricultural pursuits, save for a brief period of three years which was passed in New Canton, where he conducted a hotel. He removed to that 310 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. city in 1895, but in 1898 returned to his farm. He now owns two hundred and fifty acres of land in Pleasant Vale township, where he resides. This is a well developed farm property, giving every indication of the care and thrift of the owner in its well tilled fields and excellent improvements. In 1905 he erected one of the best residences in the township and its tasteful furnishings and gen- uine hospitality make it a very attractive home to the many friends of the famil)'. On the 1st of May, 1878, Mr. Ward was united in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Decker, of Barry township, who was born November 4, 1854, and is a daughter of Abner and Phoebe (Nichols) Decker. Her father was bom in Ohio in 1818 and came to Pike county at an early period in the development of this part of the state. He carried on farming in Barry township, owning one hun- dred and sixty acres of very rich, productive and well improved land. His wife was also a native of Ohio and came to Pike county in pioneer days. They were married here and resided upon a farm tmtil 1878, when Mr. Decker sold his land in Barry township and removed to Texas, where both he and his wife died when about seventy years of age. She was born in 1820. In their family were ten sons and two daughters and eight of the number are now living ; William, who resides near Jacksonville, Illinois ; John, Walter, Aaron, Moses, Joshua, Mary C. and Sarah E. In his political affiliation Mr. Decker was a demo- crat and was a man whose fearless defense of his honest convictions won him the respect and good will of all with whom he came in contact. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Ward has been blessed with two daughters and a son: Bessie L., who was born August 12, 1879, is the wife of James Rhodus ; Alta M., born September 15, 1881, is the wife of John T. Kendrick ; and Ern- est H., born November 16, 1884, at is home. In ^ his political views Mr. Ward is an earnest repub- lican and has served as road commissioner and school director, filling the latter position for some time. He belongs to the Modern Woodmen camp. No. 1148, at New Canton and to the Ma- sonic lodge. No. 821. His wife is a member of the Eastern Star and holds membership relations with the Methodist church. Both are pleasant people, highly esteemed and their circle of friends is almost co-extensive with the circle of their acquaintance. CAPTAIN BENJAMIN L. MATTHEWS. Captain Benjamin L. Matthews, son of John B. and Margaret (Leach) Matthews, was bom December 15, 1806, in Rowan county. North Car- olina. His father was a native of Rockingham countv, Virginia, his mother of North Carolina. She was the daughter of Benjamin Leach, who was of Welch descent. Her ancestors emigrated to North Carolina long before the Revolution, in which they took an active part on the side of the colonies. Their direct paternity also took part in the war of 1812. The father of J. B. Matthews, the grandfather of Ben- jamin, settled in Rockingham county, Vir- ginia, at a very early date. He also took an active part on the side of the colonies in the war of the Revolution. John B. Matthews was among the very earliest settlers in Pike county, having settled here in 1824. Crossing the Illinois river at Phillip's ferry, he settled on land in Flint township, where he engaged in farming. When he arrived, many remnants of once powerful Indian tribes yet re- mained and this was a part of their favorite hunt- ing ground. He said that five hundred Indians seen in one gang was not an uncommon sight. He brought with him a family of a wife and nine children : Benjamin L. and Clarissa, who were born in North Carolina; John, born in Kentucky; James, Nancy and Robert, born in White county, Illinois, where the older Matthews emigrated from Hopkinsville, Kentucky, in 1817; two more chil- dren, Austin and Albert, born in Pike county, Il- linois. All of these are dead except Albert, who lives in Montgomery county, Illinois. After leaving Flint township John B. Matthews lived a few vears in Griggsville township, then in New Salem whence he moved to Perry, where he remained until near the time of his death. His wife, Margaret Leach Matthews, died in 1851, and John B. Matthews went to Missouri to reside with his daughter, Elvira, at Lancister, where he died in 1857. Captain Matthews, the subject of this sketch, CAPT. B. L MATTHEWS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 313 obtained his education in the common schools of Kentucky and IlHnois. On December 24, 1829, he was married to Minerva Carrington, daughter of Asa and Lucinda Carrington, of Kentucl-:}'. Mrs. Matthews died October 15, 1841, leaving a family of four children, namely : Martha, Asa C, Joseph H., and Lucinda M. Of these, two are living, iMartha'and Asa C. Mr. Matthews was married a second time to a Airs. Dean Wattles and there were born to this marriage two children, Harriet and Mary, one of whom, Mrs. Mary Chenoweth, still lives, and resides in Lathrop, Missouri. He was again married in 1861 to Miss Layton, and to that marriage was born one child, Anna B., who married Alexander Gregory and lives in Alarion, Indiana. Captain Matthews permanently located near Pern,', after his first marriage, where he resided until the time of his death, which occurred on the 2ist day of April, 1900, at the age of ninety- three years, four months and eleven days, and was buried in the McCord cemetery, near Perry, Il- linois. Up to 1856 he had given his entire at- tention to farming and stock-raising with fairly good success. That year, he, with Cephas Sim- mons, his old neighbor and friend, built the first steam' and grist mill built in Griggsville. This enterprise was sold out in a few years, and Cap- tain Alatthews then returned to his farm near Perry. Captain Matthews was a republican in politics, formerly a whig. During the Civil war he took a prominent part in support of the administration of President Lincoln. He recruited Company B, Ninety-ninth Illinois volunteers, and went with it to the field. Physical infirmity overtook him and he tendered his resignation before the close of the war. He gloried in the success of the Union Army, and in the final preservation of the Union, with those who were permitted to remain,- until the last Confederate surrendered. He took an active part in local affairs ; was a great reader of the public press; was several times elected to the board of supervisors; and before the Civil war vvas a candidate on the whig ticket for the legis- lature but was defeated by a narrow majority. He was a man of great personal courage, and always stood for the right as he saw the right, without fear or favor. He was well known throughout the county and was universally re- spected. His voice and power were always in favor of moral measures ; he never used tobacco nor intoxicants in any manner; he upheld religion and aided materially by his presence in the build- ing up and progress of the Methodist church. He was an active member for over sevent}' years and died in the faith. He had been permitted to live far beyond the usual period of life. He had seen his family grow up around him, and his grandchildren reach manhood and woman- hood and become useful citizens in life. He was never very poor and never very rich. He distrib- uted the most of his property he had before his death among his children, and when the final summons came iie was prepared to meet it, and of him it may be said, "When he had toiled to the summit, He laid his burden down ; He left his cross on the hilltop, And bowed his head for the crown." THOM.VS A. RETALLIC. Thomas A. Retallic, the extent and scope of whose interests are such as to make him one of the prominent and representative citizens not only of Barry but of Pike county, is conducting a mar- ble business, is also president of the First Na- tional Bank and is engaged in real-estate dealing. Watchful of opportunities pointing to success and utilizing every business advantage that comes to him, he has so directed his efforts that he has prospered and at the same time made a reputa- tion which is unassailable. His life record began . in Perry county, Ohio, on the 30th of March, 1854, his parents being Frank and Catharine (Fielty) Retallic. The father was born in Corn- wall, England, and the mother's birth occurred in County Donegal, Ireland, on the 22d of May. 1822. Coming to America in childhood, the\' 314 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. were married in Zauesville, Ohio. It was in 1850 that Frank Retallic crossed the Atlantic to the United States with liis parents, setthng in Zanes- ville. He had been educated in the schools of England and after establishing his home in the Buckeve state he engaged in business as a coal miner. At the time of the Civil war, however, he put aside all business and personal considera- tions in order that he might aid in the cause of his adopted country and in the spring of 1862 be- came a member of Company F, One hundred and Twentv-second Ohio Regiment of Volunteers. He was wounded in battle and recovered from his in- juries, but later became ill while still in the serv- ice of his country and died August 8, 1864, when thirty-five years of age, in the City Point Hos- pital in Virginia. His political support was given to the democracy. His widow, long surviving hiin, passed away ]\Iay 2, igoo, on the seventy- eighth anniversary of her birth. In their family were six children, of whom four are now living : Thomas A., of this review ; Kate, the wife of Au- gust Dulard, a resident of St. Louis, Missouri ' Mary F., the wife of Andrew Kern, a resident of Montgomery City, Missouri; and George B., who is also living in St. Louis. Mr. Retallic, whose name introduces this rec- ord, spent his boyhood and youth in his native state and acquired a public-school education there. On the 5th of April, 1870, when sixteen years of age, he left New Lexington, Ohio, and went to Washington Court House, in the same state. In that locality he turned his attention to farming the better to support his widowed mother. After two years, however, he returned to New Lexington, where he began to learn the trade of marble-cutting, spending three years at that work ere he again left New Lexington. He then went to St, Louis, where he remained for a year and in the spring of 1877 he came to Barry, where he has since been engaged in the marble business. He has built up a good trade in this line, turning out a fine class of work, and his skill and ability combined with his reasonable prices and honorable dealing have brought him success which is gratif\'ing, and which has en- abled him to extend his efforts to other lines of business. He was one of the organizers of the First National Bank of Barry on the ist of May, 1901, and from the beginning has been its presi- dent. This has become a sound and reliable finan- cial institution, doing a large general banking business. Mr. Retallic is also president of the Barr\' Real Estate Company, which has recently completed the new Barry Hotel. He is likewise president of the Barry Cement Construction Company and is now engaged in the erection of a fine business block in New Canton, and is one of the organizers of the Park Lawn Cemetery, of which he has been superintendent and secretary from the beginning. A man of resourceful busi- ness ability he has thus extended his efforts to various lines. He forms his plans readily, is de- termined in their execution and carries forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes, so that his efforts have been of direct and sub- stantial benefit in promoting the commercial pros- perity of the city as well as in advancing his in- dividual success. Mr. Retallic was married to Miss Mary Rad- cliff while still a resident of Ohio. Her death oc- curred two years after their marriage and he later wedded Miss Dora Blair, who died about eight years later. Of their four children two are now living: Frank A., who is teller in the First National Bank at Barry; and Adelle M., the wife of George C. Barry, a resident of the same city. For his third wife Mr. Retalhc chose Anna Carroll, wdio died a year later. His present wife was Mrs. Nancy E. Mayes. She was the widow of Charles Mayes and they had one child. Vie, now the wife of Charles A. Johnson, M. D., of Barry. Mr. Retallic has been a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity since 1880 and is now past mas- ter of Barry lodge. No. 34, A. F. & A. M. He also belongs to Barry chapter. No. 88, R. A. M., of which he has been principal sojourner for twenty-four years. He likewise affiliates with the Modern Woodmen of America and in politics he is a stanch and stalwart democrat. He has served as mayor of the city, has been alderman and township trustee and still further political honors have been conferred upon him, for in 1899 and 1900 he represented his district in the forty-first general assembly of Illinois. The same keen in- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 315 sight and enterprising spirit whicli have been manifest in his biisinessxarcer liave also been dis- played in his political activity and have rendered him a capable officer. His devotion to the general good has been above question and he has ever placed the public welfare before personal gain. His keen business discernment and indefatiga- ble diligence have been the salient features in a career which is as honorable as it is successful and he is also richly endowed in those traits of character which win personal friendship and res;ard. N. R. SHULTZ. N. R. Shultz, a leading business man and finan- cier of Pleasant Hill, who for years was a pros- perous farmer, stock-raiser and feeder of Pleas- ant Hill township, but is now engaged in the banking business, is numbered among the old settlers of this part of Pike county, where he has resided for a half century. He is a native of Ohio, having been born in Lancaster county, that state, January 17, 1850. His father, Solomon Shultz, was a native of Pennsylvania and when a young man went to Ohio, where he was mar- ried to Melvina Taylor, who was bom near Co- lumbus, that state. For a number of years Sol- omon Shultz followed farming in the Buckeye state and his children were born there. In 1856 he came westward to the Mississippi valley, first locating in Missouri, but later in the same year took up his abode in Pike county, Illinois. Here he first purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land on the southern boundary line of the county and began to farm and further improve this property. Subsequently he purchased more land and became a prosperous agriculturist, car- rying on business successfully for a number of years, or until his death, which occurred in July, 1867. His wife survived him for a number of years and passed away in 1885. N. R. Shultz came to Pike county when a lad of six summers and was reared upon the old homestead farm, remaining with his mother and caring for her in her declining days. He is the youngest in a family of two sons and one daugh- ter, his sister being Eliza Shultz, who resides in Los Angeles, California, and his brother, Thomas J., who is now living in San Antonio, Texas. The subject of this review early became familiar with farm labor and in his youth he attended the com- mon schools, but he is largely a self-educated man, having greatly broadened his knowledge through experience, reading and observation since attaining to mature years. He was married in this county in March, 1885, to Miss Fannie Ous- ley, a daughter of Thomas Ousley, an early set- tler of Pike county, who came to this state from Kentucky. Mrs. Shultz was born, reared and ed- ucated in Pike county and remained in her father's home up to the time of her marriage. Mr. Shultz has given his attention to agricul- tural pursuits for many years and with his farm- ing has made a business of raising, feeding and fattening good graded stock, which he thus pre- pares for the market. In the spring of 1890 he took up his abode in the village of Pleasant Hill and has remodeled and rebuilt his home until he has a very neat and comfortable residence. He was also instrumental in organizing the Citizens' Bank of Pleasant Hill in 1903, became one of its large stockholders and was elected and is still serving as the president of the bank. A good bank building was erected with one or more store- rooms also on the ground floor and offices or lodgerooms on the second floor. The rooms re- tained for the banking business are large, neat and well furnished and are well lighted and ven- tilated and this business block is a credit to the town and to the county. The Citizens' Bank has become one of the solid financial institutions of Pike county^ having among its stockholders men of known reliability whose names carry weight on commercial paper. In his political affiliation Mr. Shultz has been a lifelong democrat where national issues are in- volved, but at local elections he has the independ- ence to cast a ballot for the men whom he re- gards as best qualified for office without consid- ering party affiliation. In this way he displays a broad mind and public spirit and in such a course rests the safety of politics and freedom from cor- rupt influences. He has never desired ot sought office for himself, preferring to give his atten- 3i6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. tion to liis extensive business interests. He be- longs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity at Pleasant Hill and also holds membership relations with the A'Todern Woodmen, while his wife is a member of the Baptist church. Mr. Shultz has been a resident of Illinois and Pike county for a half centur}' and has therefore witnessed much of the growth and development of this part of the state, while his interest in general progress has been manifest in his tangible efforts for the public good in Pleasant Hill and this part of the county. He and his estimable wife are greatly re- spected by all who know them and his business career commands the admiration of all, for it is indicative of what may be accomplished through determination and energy. He is now one of the large landowners of the county and in addition has financial and other business interests of an important and -jrofitable nature. XURRY M. INGALSBE. Xurr}' M. Ingalsbe, who for forty-six years has been a resident of New .Salem, was born in Washington county. New York", August i6, 1827, and traces his ancestry back to Ebenezer Ingals- be, his great grandfather, who was a resident of Massachusetts. Aaron Ingalsbe, the grandfather, was born in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, June 10, 1765, and, leaving New England, removed to Hartford, New York, where he was with the Bumps, the first settlers of that town. There, with an axe, he made the first clearing, cutting away the timl^er from a small field back of the schoolhouse at the log village which is now called East Hartford. He married Polly Hicks, who was born Januar)' 5, 1773, and who died January 5, 1853, having for two years survived her hus- band, who died June 17, 185 1. Belus Ingalsbe, father of our subject, was born September 8, 1793, in Washington county, New York, and, having arrived at years of matur- ity, was married to Sally Maynard, whose birth occurred June 17, 1797. Their marriage took place in 1814 and they resided upon a farm near Hartford, New York, where Belus Ingalsbe died September 2, 1880. In the family were eight children but the subject o( this review is the only one now living. Xurry M. Ingalsbe was reared to farm life, acquired a common-school education and in early manhood was married, on the 26th of February, 1850, to Miss Belinda H. Owens, who was born in Champaign county, Ohio, August 26, 1829. Before coming to Illinois they lived for a time in Wisconsin. In 1861 they removed to Pike county, settling in New Salem, and thus for forty- six years Mr. Ingalsbe has been a resident of this place. As the years passed by five children were added to the family. Gertrude L., born January 28, 1852, married Samuel Tedrow, of New Sa- lem, and they have six children : Maud, the wife of Newton Kaylor ; Fannie, who married David Smith ; Ross ; Myron ; Ferris ; and Nola. Ida J. Ingalsbe, the second member of the family, bom October 13, 1853, is the wife of Calvin A. Ken- nedy, of Hale, Missouri, and they have six chil- dren : Mina J., the wife of Harry Preble ; Came- lia, the wife of Jones Sheridan, of New York city ; Grace ; John ; James ; and Bert. Moses Belus, born ^larch 16, 1855, married Emma Pine and they have had four children : Linna, the wife of Dr. Samuel Higgins, of Kansas ; Truma, Xurry M., deceased; and Richard. Sally Maria, born September 10, 1857, died March 16, 1861. Thomas Burr, born September 18, 1859, married Emma B. Muriam and has one child, Spencer. This was his second marriage and by his former marriage he had a daughter, Nellie, who is now the wife of Robert B. Johnson and resides at Norfolk, Nebraska. Mr. Ingalsbe had been a resident of Illinois for but a brief period when he responded to the country's call for aid to preserve the Union, enlisting August 22, 1862, as a member of Com- pany K, Ninty-Ninth Regiment of Illinois Vol- unteers, with which he served for three years as a wagoner. He hauled provisions and amuni- tion for forty-three days at Vicksburg. He was injured at Donaldsonville, Louisiana, in the right ankle in a runaway and was s-ent to the marine hospital at New Orleans, where he remained for some time. In that city he was honorably dis- charged in April, 1865, and was at Memphis, MR. AND MRS. X. M. INGALSBE PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 319 Tennessee, when the news was received of the iassassination of President Lincohi. Following the close of the war Mr. Ingalsbe returned to his home in Illinois and began buying and selling horses and mules, which business he followed for many years. He afterward bought a farm of ninety-three acres which he now owns and which adjoins New Salem, but he is not active in the management of the place, renting the land to his son. He makes his home in New Salem, where he has a fine residence and six lots and he is now living in retirement from business, enjoying a well earned rest. He votes with the republican party, having supported each presidential candidate of that or- ganization, his first vote having been cast for Fremont in 1856. In community affairs he is active and helpful and has served as president of the village board of New Salem in former years and is the incumbent at the present time. Any measure tending to promote the welfare of the community receives his endorsement and co- operation and his efforts in its behalf have been far-reaching and beneficial. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic of Pittsfield and he and his wife are devoted members of the Methodist church. In 1904 they celebrated their fifty-fifth wedding anniversary, an occasion long to be happily remembered by all who participated therein. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ingalsbe are held in the highest esteem by all who know them. They now have four living children, seventeen grand- children and six great-grandchildren. Their lives, always honorable and upright, are indeed worthy of emulation, and they can look back over the past without regret. CEPHAS M. SIMMONS. Cephas M. .Simmons, who at one time was closelv, actively and prominently connected with business interests in Pike county, but is' now liv- ing a retired life, was born April 4, 1845, '""s^f Pen-y, Pike coimty. His father, Cephas Sim- mons, was a native of Kentucky, born in Bullitt county on the 3d of September, 1809, and was the 17 eldest son and third child of Richard and Sophia Simmons, who were pioneer residents of that state. They underwent the usual experiences which come to those who settle upon the frontier, save perhaps their difficulties and dangers were greater than were experienced in many parts of the country because the Indians were so ruthless and remorseless in their treatment of the whites that the state became known as the "dark and bloody ground." There were also wild animals in the forests and the district was so far removed from the older towns of civilization in the east that there was little market for the products which the settlers raised. Cephas Simmons, wlio was one of a family of five children, was only three years of age at the time of his father's death. Later Mrs. Simmons again married but survived for only a brief pe- riod, her death occurring in 1817, onlv five years after the death of her first husband. Cephas .Simmons was then thrown upon his own re- sources. His educational privileges were limited and he had no capital whatever but he depended upon the safe and reliable qualities of industry and perseverance to gain him a living. In 1827 he came to Illinois and spent the succeeding two ^ears with his uncle, Enos Simmons, then a resi- dent of ^Morgan county. During; that period he became acquainted with and wedded Miss Lucy Rradburv, who was born in Clermont county, ()hio, in t8it, and was a daughter of Jacob and Patience Piradbury. ]\Ir. Simmons at that time owned a colt and two calves, which constituted his entire possessions, but as the years passed by through his untiring labor, capable management, economy and perseverance he accumulated con- siderable wealth and was the owner of a good business block in Griggsville besides other valu- able propert)- there. .'\s the years passed eight children were added to the family, namely : D, C. ; Jane : Mary : Harriet, deceased ; Julia ; Cephas M. ; Melissa, deceased ; and Columbus. Two of the sons served in the Civil war, D. C. Simmons volunteering in 1861 for three years' service. He was wounded at Perryville, Kentucky, and he now lives in Salem, Nebraska. The father also was a stanch advocate of the LTnion cause and was ever readv to assist in measures calculated 320 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. to bring about a speedy suppression of the rebel- Uon. In local affairs he was also deeply inter- ested and he gave his co-operation to many move- ments for the general good. He was highly re- spected by his fellow citizens for his straight- forward dealing in all business transactions and for his fidelity to honorable principles through- out his entire life. His last years were spent in retirement from business labor in an attractive home in Griggsville, where he died December 26, 1883. Coth he and his wife were members of the Baptist church, with which he was connected for seventy-four years and his wife for fifty-three years and in that faith they reared their children. Cephas M. Simmons, having accjuired his early education in the public schools, attended Bryant & Stratton Business College in Chicago, after which he returned to the home farm in Pike county, whereon he engaged in farming luitil his marriage. In the meantime he had given active aid to his country, enlisting at Griggsville on the Sth of May, 1864, as a member of Company F, One Plundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois In- fantry. Fie then went to Ouincy and joined his regiment, serving under command of Captain Robert B. Robinson, of Barry, Illinois. ' The regi- ment proceeded southward to Memphis, Tennes- see, where Mr. Simmons was on picket duty for some time. On the 20th of August, 1864, before daylight, Forrest made his raid upon the Union troops and Mr. Simmons was captured with others and was marched out into the country. Owing to his illness at the time of his capture by Forrest he was shortly afterward paroled and later returned to his regiment, with which he continued until honorably discharged with the rank of second corporal on the 24th of Septem- ber, 1864, by reason of the expiration of his term of service. On the 1st of January, 1867, Mr. Simmons was married to Miss ^lary W. Brakefield, who was born June 9, 1847, i" Griggsville township. Pike countw and is a daughter of James and Elizabeth fCarmer) Brakefield, who were mar- ried April 22, 1845. ^l^tT father, who was born in England. April 22. t8_>2, passed away April 26, 1873. His birth occurred in the county of Kent and when he was a vear old his parents. Charles and Mary Brakefield, brought him to America, settling in Clinton county, Pennsyl- vania, whence they soon afterward removed to Schenectady, New York. .\t the age of twenty-two years James Brake- field became a resident of Griggsville, where he followed farming and broom manufacturing. In 1845 lis married Elizabeth Carmer, who was born in Paterson, New Jersey, September 12, 1825, a daughter of ITenry and Mary (Hunt) Carmer, who were early settlers of Pike county, coming here in 1831 or 1832. Her father was a native of New York city and her mother of Philadel- phia. Mr. Carmer followed farming up to the time of his death, which occurred in December, T862, when he was seventy years of age, while his wife died in .August previous. In March, 1857, James Brakefield embarked in merchandis- ing in Griggsville in connection with J. M. Cran- dall, but after three years' connection with com- mercial pursuits he returned to his farm. In 1866 he entered into partnership with Levi W. Di.x, but in 1871 his health began to fail and he passed away on the 26th of April, 1873. He was prominently identified with the interests of this county and was a worth)' and respected citizen, Plis wife died May 24, 1900, in her seventy-fifth )-ear. In the family of this worthy couple were eight children: Mary W., born June 9, 1847; Charles, who died in infancv ; Henry C, who was born -April 26, 1851, and died .April 27, 1896, at the age of forty-five vears : Burton, who was born November 25, 1854, and died in infancy; Lillie, who was born June 10, 1857, and died in infancy: Carrie, who was born September 7, 1S57, and died in infancv: Lydia C, born .\ugust 2, 1859: and Etta J., born February 28, 1866. \fter his marriage JMr. Simmons of this review began farming on his own accoimt in Griggs- ville township and was thus engaged for about two years. He then conducted a livery business for two vears, when he sold out and turned his .nttention to the live stock commission business in St. Louis, Missouri. There he remained for three years, when he returned to Griggsville and atjain followed farming for four or five years. -\t the end of that time he began buying hogs for the Meriden Provision Company of Meriden, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 321 Connecticut, and was with that company for about ten years. The firm was Bartholomew & Coe, and when they dissolved business Mr. Coe became connected with Swift & Company. They then organized the Mervin Provision Company, located at Plartford, Connecticut, and Mr. Sim- mons engaged in buying hogs for that company in Pike, Brown and Scott counties, Illinois, for about five years. In 1901, however, he retired from business and has since enjoyed a well earned rest, giving his attention simply to the super- vision of his farm property. Mr. Simmons has figured very prominently in public life in Griggsville and his efforts have been of value in the promotion of community in- terests. He has filled the office of mayor, of al- derman and supervisor and for four years was a member of the state board of agriculture. He has also been president of the Illinois Valley Farmers' Association for fifteen years and has done much to further agricultural interests in this part of the state. He belongs to the Baptist church and gives his political support to the re- publican party. Flis life has been active and up- right, his actions manly and sincere and in all relations he has won and merited the confidence and good will of his fellowmen. He belongs to an honored pioneer family of the state and the name of Simmons has ever been a synonym for sincerity and fair dealing. JOHN E. MORTON. John E. Morton, who has been connected in various ways with business interests in Perry and Pike county, contributing to general progress and prosperity as well as to his individual suc- cess, is one of the honored pioneer rfsidents of this part of the state. His birth occurred in Todd county, Kentucky, on the 9th of September, 1832, his parents being Charles M. and Mary L. (Haw- kins) Morton, both of whom were natives of Vir- ginia. The father was born in 1798 and on the 28th of January, 1825, wedded Miss Hawkins, whose birth occurred June 14, 1802. She died February 19, 1834, at the age of thirty-two years, passing away in Adams county, Illinois. By this marriage there were four children : Ann P., who was born January 21, 1826, and was married De- cember 19, 1844, to George Terrille, who died at the age of fifty years, while his wife now lives in Quincy; Joseph L., born January 31, 1828, died September i, 1848; Mary Jane, born April 21, 1830, married Oscar Proctor, December 27, 1853. John Edmond, of this review, was the youngest child of the father's first marriage. After losing his first wife Mr. Morton was married Septem- ber 17, 1835, to Nancy Vernon, who was born March 3, 1804. It was in the year 1832 that Charles M. Mor- ton purchased a farm in Illinois and the follow- ing year he removed with his family from Ken- tucky to Adams county, settling at Newtown, about four miles from Payson. The journey was made by teams and there were five families in the party — the Kays, Bernards, Tandeys, Graves and Mortons. Mr. Morton located in Burton town- ship, Adams county, where he first purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land. Subsequently he bought forty acres more which was wild and unimproved and there he carried on general farm- ing. His market at that time was Quincy and there was little money in circulation in the west. He obtained merchandise for his wheat and man- aged to sell his pork for enough money to pay his taxes. The family shared in all the hardships and trials incident to pioneer life and as the years went by developed a very productive property. Mr. Morton served as town clerk and he gave his political allegiance to the whig party. He held membership in the Baptist church and was a man of genuine personal worth, esteemed by all who knew him. He departed this life July i, 1874, in his seventy-seventh year, and his second wife died April 23, 1880, also in her seventy- seventh year. The children of the second mar- riage were: Harriet A., who was born June 15, 1836, and was married July 15, 1869, to Clinton E. King ; George William, who was born Decem- ber 14, 1837, and died December 4, 1838; Henry Clay, who was born May 8, 1839, and was mar- ried February 9, i860, in Missouri to Jane Light- foot ; James Edgar, who was born January 4, 1841, and died August 18, 1861 ; and Christiana 322 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Virginia, who was born December 21, 1842, and was married October 22, 1868, to Granville Book- out. All have passed away. John E. Morton, whose name introduces this record, was educated in the public schools of Adams county and was there reared upon the home farm amid the environments of pioneer life, sharing with the family in the hardships and trials incident to settlement upon a frontier and aiding in the arduous work of developing a new farm. After arriving at years of maturity he en- gaged in merchandising at Newtown, Illinois, from 1858 to 1861. He was associated with his father-in-law, Ezekiel C. Brown, under the firm style of Brown & Morton, and previous to the organization of this partnership Mr. Brown had carried on business in Newtown with Thomas Tripp under the firm style of Brown & Tripp for three or four years. Having disposed of hi.= store, Mr. Morton conducted the Perry Springs Hotel 'Until 1864 and in the winter of 1865 em- barked in merchandising at Perrv under the firm style of IMorton, Oat & Kellogg. Thev con- ducted a general mercantile enterprise until 1867, when they closed out and Mr. ^lorton turned his attention to the lumber and grain business. After a time he extended the field of his operations to pork packing, in which he continued until 1870. In that year his grain warehouse and lumber yard were destroyed by fire and in order to recuperate his losses Mr. Morton went to Kansas, where he spent the succeeding three years. In 1874 he re- turned to Perry, however, and was engaged in the insurance business for some time, but for the past ten years has conducted an undertaking busi- ness. On the 25th of March, 1855, was celebrated the marriage of John E. ]\Iorton and Miss Emily Jane Brown, who was born March 30, 1838, and was a daughter of Ezekiel C. and Clarinda (Slv) Brown, both of whom were born and reared in Ohio. Their marriage was celebrated in that state December 15, 1831. Mr. Brown was born April 24, 1803, and his wife on the 5th of January, 181 1. Following their marriage they came to Illinois in 1840 and were afterward identified with business interests in this part of the state. Mr. Brown was a cooper by trade and bought a farm in Pa\-son township, Adams county, following his removal to Illinois. There he resided until 1861, when he came to Pike county and purchased the Perry Springs Hotel. Mr. Morton came to Pike county at the same time and they conducted the hotel to- gether during the years 1862 and 1863. The fol- lowing year they sold the springs and the hotel to the firm of Watson & Company of Spring- field and Mr. Brown then purchased a farm west of Perry known as the Dexter place, upon which he lived for a few years, when he again took up his abode in the village of Perry. He spent three years in Topeka, Kansas, from 1871 until 1874, when he returned to Pike county and lived upon his farm until his death, which occurred March 8, 1876. His wife passed away July 28, 1889. They were devoted members of the Presbyterian church and in early life Mr. Brown gave his po- litical allegiance to the whig party. Unto ]Mr. and Airs. Morton were born the fol- lowing named : Charles Cooper, the eldest, died December 24, 1857. \enie Luff was married October 17, 1878, to William Marden and they have become the parents of three children: Charles Morton, Mabel Emily and Roy Marden. Frankie Albert died November 12, 1862. Mary Clarinda and Fannie AVilliams Morton are at home. Mr. Morton of this review, long recognized as an enterprising citizen of Pike county, has been called to a number of public ofiices. He ser\'ed as supervisor of his township from 1863 until i8r)5 inclusi\-e and has been justice of the peace for the past twenty years or more. He was made a member of Kingston lodge. No. 266, A. F. & A. AI. at Kingston, Adams count)-, Illinois, March 18, 1861, and by demit joined Perrv lodge. No. 95. on the 4th of February, 1865. He has acted as master of this lodge for several terms and he also belongs to Perry chapter, No. 135, R. A. M., and has filled the office of high priest for several terms. At the present time he is one of the grand lecturers of the state and on several different oc- casions he has been a delegate to the grand lodge. He served for three years as deputy grand mas- ter of the twentieth district and has been a dele- gate to the grand chapter. Fle takes a most ac- tive and helpful interest in Masonic work and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 323 has a wide acquaintance in the fraternity in lUi- nois. He also holds membership relations with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In poli- tics he has ever been a stalwart republican, cast- ing his first presidential ballot for John C. Fre- mont. He was in Quincy, Illinois, in 1840 at the time of the Harrison campaign and saw the processions with their cider barrels and gourds and wagons decorated with coonskins, while 'Tippecanoe and Tyler too" was the rallying cry of the whigs. His life has been an honorable and upright one characterized by manly principles and straightforward conduct and he has never been known to utter an oath in the seventy-three years of his life. In his business career he has been active and energetic and has never been known to take advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen in any trade transaction. LYMAN SCOTT. Lyman Scott, who for many years was closely associated with the industrial and commercial development of Pike county, was a son of David and Elizabeth (Dinsmore) Scott, who occupied a comfortable home at Litchfield, Herkimer county, New York. The father was born in 1763 and remained a resident of the Empire state until the middle of March, 1818, when he left for what was then known as "the far west." The party traveled by sleighs to the head of the Ohio river and thence proceeded down that stream on flatboats to Cairo. They had to cordell the Mississippi river to St. Louis — that is, to go along the river bank in front of the flatboat and pull it up the stream. It was before the era of steam navigation and after a slow and tedious journey Mr. Scott arrived on the banks of the Mississippi where the city of East St. Louis now stands, the date being July 4, 1818. St. Louis was at that time but a small French village. Mr. Scott died in 1825 and was buried at Harrisonville, Monroe county, Illinois, while his widow later passed away in Naples, Scott county, Illinois. The sons and daughters who survived the father were : Lyman, of this review ; Mrs. Pleuma Chamber- lain ; Mrs. Harriet Wiswell ; Caroline, the wife of Judge William Thomas, of Jacksonville, Illinois; Mrs. Louisa Reeve; Mrs. Lucy D. Wills; Mrs. Phinelia B. Gorbutt, who afterward married George T. Purkett ; and Lodema H. Scott, who was born February 7, 1818, and is still living at Princeton. Illinois. Immediately after the death of his father Ly- man Scott took upon himself the care of the family and in a short time he removed across the Mis- sissippi river to Herculaneum, Missouri, where he engaged in lead mining, gaining therefrom a comfortable competencey but afterward losing it in litigation. The owner of the mines closed them, allowing no person to mine lead. Mr. Scott went secretly to the mines and took out the ore by night. He was suspected, a survey was or- dered and made, but men in Mr. Scott's employ trailed powder through the mine, snatched the engineer's papers and stamped them in the mud, after which they touched off the trail of powder which made the mine too smoky for the further work of the engineers. Afterward a compromise was effected, by which Mr. Scott realized enough to purchase the farm between Rockport and Atlas on sections 17, 20, 21, 28, 29 and 30 in Atlas township, which is still known to the older resi- dents as the Scott farm, although it has been divided and is now owned by several parties. About this time Mr. Scott was married to Char- lotte E. Ross, a daughter of Captain Leonard Ross, who won his title by service in the war of 181 2, and he came to Pike county about 1850. In the year 1832 he built the large brick house on the Scott farm, now owned by Charles Gay. Mr. Scott was the leading pork packer in Pike county at an early day and was also engaged in merchandising. In the year 1836 he laid out the town of Rockport and the same year in connec- tion with Colonel William Ross, his wife's uncle, he erected a gristmill at Rockport under the firm name of Ross, Scott & Company. They also built the mill dam and likewise a bridge across the sny, Ecarte slough, almost or quite on top of the dam. The}- likewise built a sawmill and both mills were operated by water power. About the year 1844 he built the residence of the late David W. Deam at Summer Hill for a summer residence and for a 3^4 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. number of years he kept a fine park there with quite a large ninnl)er of deer confined therein. On the nth of March, 1845, he laid out the town of Summer Hill on section 13, Atlas township, and deeded the lot on which the Congregational church now stands to the trustees of the church and became a teacher in the Sunday-school. He also gave a lot and built a schoolhouse at Summer Hill known as the old red schoolhouse, after which he emplo_ved a teacher and when the par- ents were too poor to buy books for their children he also supplied this want. About 1850 the original schoolhouse became too small to accommo- date all the scholars and he made the proposition to his neighbors that they should raise all the money that they could and he would give as much more and have a good schoolhouse built. The structure ■was erected but the money raised was not enough to finish it, so Mr. Scott supplied what was still needed in addition to having already given one-half of the amount. It was Mr. Scott's pork-packing interests at Rockport that later caused him heavy losses. He conducted the business as a member of the firm of Scott & Whiting and they borrowed large amounts of money for those times in order to buy pork. Leaving for New Orleans on a business trip Mr. Scott instructed his partner to sell their pork, but Mr. Whiting thinking the price would raise did not sell. Instead the price went down and upon Mr. Scott's return he found that all of his accumulations had been practically swept away. He wrote to each of his creditors concern- ing his financial condition and set a day for them to meet him at Rockport to devise means for a settlement that would be just to all. The cred- itors appeared and Mr. Scott, who had made a list of all of his indebtedness and a list of his assets, said "Gentlemen, here is what I owe, and here is what I have to pay it with. Give me time without distressing me and I will pay you all, dollar for dollar with interest, or take all I have and release me in full." Pie also said, "I am a A'cry busy man. I will give you two hours to deliberate as to what you think is best to do. I will then return for your answer." On his return the creditors took his property and released him. After some years Mr. Scott again came to the front financially through his business capacity, frugality, close attention, untiring energy and strict integrity. By those who know him his word was considered as good as any bond solemnized by signature or seal. After giving up everything Mr. Scott met the man who had taken his mill in the division of the property and he offered it for sale at a great bar- gain. On asking Mr. Scott if he knew of any person who would like to become a purchaser, he replied, "Yes, I would like the mill if I could find a way to pay for it, and I believe I have a friend in St. Louis who will loan me the money to buy the mill." Finally he persuaded the new owner to go with him to St. Louis, where he succeeded in bor- rowing the money on his individual note with- out securit}' and thus he paid for the mill. He also built " flatboat to carry freight to and from the river in times of high water and he built ware- houses on the bank of the Sny near where Gilgal church now stands at the head of the canal slough, which extended from there to the river at Scott's landing. This warehouse was for storing freight at times when he could not get to the river. There was a steamboat landing called Scott's Landing or Gilgal which did a flourishing business until the railroad took the trade away and since that time it has utterly disappeared. Leaving Pike county Mr. Scott removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and invented what is known as Scott's little giant corn and cob mill, used for making meal out of ear corn. This machine was manufactured under the firm name of Scott & Hedges, but soon tiring of the business Mr. Scott sold out to his partner, Isaac A. Hedges, and in the early 50's removed to Leavenworth, Kansas, owning large tracts of land in that locality in addition to his real estate in Pike county. He became a prominent and influential resident of the Sunflower state and was elected to the Kansas legislature at the time that John Brown, of Har- per's Ferry, was inciting settlers to resistance of the slaver\' element. After serving for one term in the legislature j\Ir. Scott was re-elected and was deeply interested in the questions which agi- tated the country at that time. He was also a stanch temperance advocate and often made tem- perance speeches in various towns. One of his PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 325 peculiarities was that he would not sell a man anything if he knew he made his money by sell- ing intoxicating liquors. Mr. Scott passed away about 1864, survived by his wife, Mrs. Charlotte E. Scott, and several children, namely : Vesta Elizabeth, who became Mrs. Naylor and afterward married Gilbert N. Lee, who is also deceased; Lucien Scott; Mrs. Idalia Weed ; Mrs. Viola Baker ; Mrs. Buena V. Graybill ; and Mrs. Kate Vandervverker. Mr. Scott was universally beloved by the young peo- ple, who always found him companionable and at the same time recognized in him a safe and wise counselor, who always had time to listen to their troubles or hear the story of their interests. Al- though at times he suffered reverses in his busi- ness career his record was such as any man might be proud to possess because at all times it was characterized by honesty and integrity of purpose and overcoming the obstacles that barred his path in again working his way upward, and left a competency of a quarter of a million dollars or more to his family. His business activity in Pike county forms an integral chapter in the early history of this part of the state. J.VMES H. RAINWATER, M. D. Dr. James PI. Rainwater is engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in X^ew Canton and the consensus of public opinion concerning his skill and ability is very favorable so that he is accorded a liberal patronage. He was born in Somerset, Pulaski county, Kentucky, Decem- ber II, 1858, his parents being John and Sarah f Porter) Rainwater. The father's birth occurred in the same county on the 5th of (Jctober, 1838. while the mother's birth occin-red in Pike county, Illinois, near Detroit, on the 2Gth of September, 1842. Thev were married in Pulaski county, Kentucky, December 3, 1857, and in the fall of i860 they removed to Piatt county, Illinois, where Mr. Rainwater, a farmer by occupation, secured a tract of land which he continued to cultivate and improve until July, 1862. He then enlisted for service as a member of Company D, Seventy- third Illinois A'olunteer Infantry and with the boys in blue went to the front. He gave his life in defense of his country, passing away in the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, on the 6th of February, 1863. ITis wife long survived him and died on the 9th of February, 1892. In their family were three children, of whom Mary F. died in infancy. The others are: James H., of this review;" and Enoch J., a resident of this county. He was born January zj , 1861, is a farmer by occupation and for some time resided in Lincoln coimty, Illinois, but recently sold his farm there and in February, 1906, removed to this county. He married Anna Foote, and they became the parents of five children, three sons and two daughters. Dr. James H. Rainwater was reared in his mother's home, having lost his father when not yet five years of age. His early education was acquired in the public schools, while his profes- sional training was received in the University of Missouri, from which he was graduated in the class of 1889. At the age of eighteen years he started out upon an independent business career as a teacher in Pike county and successfully fol- lowed that profession for ten years, being recog- nized as one of the capable educators of his part of the state. He regarded this, however, merely as an initial step to other professional labor and desiring to become a member of the medical fra- ternity he began reading to this end and later matriculated in the medical department of the University of Missouri, known as the Missouri 3,Iedical College, from which, on completion of the regular course, he was graduated as before stated. r)n the 7th of March, 1889, he located for practice in New Canton, where he has since re- mained. ITe soon demonstrated his abilitv to cope with the intricate problems which continu- ally confront the physician in his effort to restore health and strength. He is a student, discrimi- nating and accurate, and. is quick to adopt new and improved methods which promise to be of practical value in his professional duties. At the same time he is slow to discard old and time-tried methods, the value of which have been proven. His practice has grown steadily both in volume and importance and the medical fraternity recog- 326 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. nizes his worth and aljihty and honors him for his adherence to a high standard of professional ethics, tie belongs to the Pike County and Illi- nois State Medical Societies aiid also to the Na- tional Medical Association. On the 9th of Jul\', 1884, was celebrated the marriage of Dr. Raimvater and Miss Sarah E. Crews, and unto them have been born four chil- dren, of whom three are now living": Pearl, who was born September 30, 1885, and is engaged in teaching school; Fern, born August 4, 1893, and now a public-school student ; and Russell, born October 7, 1898. The second child, Merle, born June 27, 1891, passed away on the 20th of Sep- tember, 1892. Mrs. Rainwater was a daughter of Fleming H. and Elizabeth (White) Crews, both of whom were natives of Missouri, in which state they were reared and married and all of their children were born there. In later years, however, they came to Illinois and the father's death occurred in Xew Canton on the 5th of April, 1891, when he was sixty-seven years of age. He was a minister of the Christian church and exerted a strong and beneficial influence in behalf of that denomination. He removed from Missouri to Illinois in 1871, settling first in New Hartford, Pike county, and afterward living in Rockport, this county. He later took up his abode in New Canton, where his last years were passed. His widow still survives and now makes her home with Dr. and Mrs. Rainwater. In their family were four daughters and two sons, namely : Andrew, who married Miss Marv Hos- ford ; Mary, the wife of Benjamin Card; S. W., who wedded Miss Ida Sigler ; Airs. Sarah Rain- water ; Elizabeth, deceased ; and Lucretia, the wife of ITarr\' .\, Massie. Dr. Rainwater belongs to Xew Canton lodge. No. 821, A. F. & A. M., which was organized in 1892 and of which he became first master. He also belongs to Elm camp. No. 1148, M. W. A., and both he and his wife hold membership rela- tions with the ilutual Protective League. Mrs. Rainwater holds membership in the Christian church and the Doctor contributes, liberally to its support and is interested in its work. In politics he favors principles rather than party and casts a somevyhat independent ballot. Having been brought to Illinois at an early age he has resided continuously in Pike county with the exception of a brief period between 1864 and 1867, which he passed in Kentucky. He then returned to Illi- nois and has since lived in Pike county, where he has made a creditable name in a profession where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit and capability. With conscientious regard for the obligations that devolve upon him he faithfully performs his duties day after day and is now known as one of the foremost representa- tives of the medical fraternity here. RANSOM KESSINGER. Ransom Kessinger is one of the venerable and honored citizens of Pike county, now residing in Pearl township, and his landed possessions, comprising over one thousand acres, indicates a life of intense and well directed activity. Now at the advanced age of eighty-two years he is living retired, enjoying the fruit of his former toil in a comfortable home. Investigation into his life history shows that his success has been worthily won and that straightforvirard' business methods constitute the basis of his success. More- over, he is one of the honored pioneer residents of the state, for almost his entire life has been passed within its borders, his birth having oc- curred upon his father's farm, in Scott county, on the 3d of September, 1823. His parents were wSolomon and Catharine (Slagle) Kessinger. The mother died of smallpox upon the home farm in Scott county when her son Ransom was but three years of age, and the grandfather, Peter Kessin- ger. died at the same time, but his wife, who bore the maiden name of Catherine Kellogg, returned to her native state of Kentucky and there died in 1838. Solomon Kessinger continued a resident of Scott county until 1836 or 1838 and then removed to Macon county, Missouri, where he remained for about six years, engaged in farming. Return- ing to Illinois, he settled in Pearl township. Pike county, upon a rented farm, which he cultivated for three years, when he purchased eighty acres RANSOM KESSINGER PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 329 of land on section 8, of the same township. Upon that place he spent his remaining days, his death occurring in 1864. In his family were two sons and a daughter, Ransom, Christine and Peter. The last named died of smallpox at the time of the mother's death and Christine met death in a run- away accident in 1897 when returning from church. Ransom Kessinger remained in his native county until the removal of the father to Mis- souri, and with him he returned to Illinois, con- tinuing upon the old homestead farm in Pearl township vmtil eighteen years of age, when he started out in life on his own account. The oc- cupation to which he was reared he determined to make his life work, and for three years he was in the employ of Jacob Deemer, during which time he supplemented his early education by attending school in the winter months. When twenty-two years of age he made arrangements v/hereby he was to farm for Henry Peacock and was to receive one-fourth of the crop as his share. He was thus engaged for three years and then with his earnings made purchase of eighty acres in Pearl township, where the old homestead now stands. He continued to cultivate and improve that property until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he enlisted in Company I, Ninety-ninth Illinois Regiment. He participated in many im- portant military movements, including the bat- tle of Hartsville, Missouri, the siege of Vicks- burg and the battles of Black River, Fort Esper- anza, Labaca Bayou and Port Gaines. He served for the full term of enlistment and was mustered out at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, being honorably discharged at Springfield, Illinois, August 10, 1865. He immediately returned home, rejoicing over the return of the peace and the preservation of the Union, and throughout all the vears he has been as loyal to his country in days of peace as when he followed the stars and stripes upon southern battle-fields. On again reaching home he resumed farming in Pearl township, where he has since made his home, and the large and grat- ifying success which has come to him has re- sulted in his well directed labors as a farmer and his judicious investment in property. As his financial resources have increased he has added to his holdings from time to time until he now owns over one thousand acres of valuabe land, one-half of which is equal to the richest land in Pearl township. He has about two hundred acres in timber, mostly hardwood — oak, walnut and hickory — and constituting a very valuable timber tract. Before going to the war Mr. Kessinger was married, the lady of his choice being Miss Sarah Jane Peacock, whom he wedded Jvme 10, 1852. She is a daughter of Henry and Nancy (Jackson) Peacock, the former a native of Tennessee and the latter of Kentucky. Mr. Peacock was one of the first settlers of Calhoun county, Illinois, having located there in 1823. There he met and married Miss Jackson. He engaged in farming and, as stated, was connected with Mr. Kessinger in agricultural pursuits. His wife died about four years after their marriage, leaving two little daughters, Sarah J. and Mary C. Peacock. The latter married Thomas S. Long and died in 1898. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Kessinger were John and Catharine (White) Peacock, who were pioneer residents of Calhoun county, where the latter died in 1851 and the former in 1853, passing away on Painter creek. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Kessinger have been born ten children : Henry, who married Annie John- son ; Nancy E., the wife of G. W. Smith ; Jacob, who married Mary Bogart ; Catharine, who be- came the wife of Dr. Lock and later married .James Smith, while her death occurred in South ]\Ic.\lester, Indian Territory, in 1902 ; Peter, who married Lilly Wagoner, who died in Pearl town- ship in 1888, after which time he wedded Alice Hall, who died in Pearl township in 1901 ; R. O., who married Susan Johnson : l\Iartha, the wife of William A. Wagoner; John A., who married Emma Wagoner ; Elizabeth, who died at the age of three years, and a daughter who died un- named in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Kessinger have thirtv-ninc grandchildren living and seventeen great-grandchildren. They also had eleven grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren who are deceased. Mr. Kessinger was commander of I. Piper post, G. A. R., in 1885, being chosen to that po- sition at the time of its organization and acting 330 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. in that capacit_v for twelve years. ITe likewise belongs to the Odd Fellows Society at Roodhouse, Illinois. ITe is now eighty-two years of age and is living" a retired life, surrounded by many friends who entertain for him warm regard be- cause of his fidelity to manly principles as the years have gone by. W. S. BINNS. W. S. Binns, one of the well known citizens of Pike county, where his entire life has been passed, is now serving as deputy county clerk and is also secretary of the Old Settlers' Associa- tion, having filled the latter position for eleven years and the former for ten years. He was born in the village of Time, in Hardin township, in 1864, his parents being Edward F. and Orpha (Norton) Binns, both of whom were early resi- dents of this county. In fact the father was a native son of Pike county, where his death oc- curred in 1895, when he had reached the age of fifty-five years. He had long been active and influential in politics and was a worker in the democratic ranks. In 1887 he was elected county clerk and served for five years. He was also a member of the democratic state central committee and was in charge of the committee in 1892 when Altgeld was elected. He was chairman of the county central committee for five years and was serving on the state central committee at the time of his demise, having also occupied that position for some time. He thus became well known for his allegiance to the democracy in Illinois and his labor in behalf of the party organization was ef- fective and beneficial. His wife was born in Ver- milion county, Illinois, and in her girlhood days came to Pike county, where she was married. Her father, now ninety-three years of age, still resides at Rossville, Vermilion countv, and is one of the most venerable citizens of that part of the state. Mrs. Binns died in Pittsfield in 1879, ''t the age of thirty-nine years. By her marriage she had become the mother of two sons and a daughter: W. S., of this review; B. F., formerly a merchant of Pittsfield and now in Dixon, Illinois ; and Mrs. George Barber, of Pittsfield. W. S. Binns was reared in Pike county and completed his education in Callaghan College, at Des Moines, Iowa. Following his return home he became deputy county clerk and for the past fif- teen years has devoted his attention to official services, discharging his duties with a capability, promptness and fidelity that are above question. Mr. Binns was married to Miss May Cris- well, of this county, a daughter of James Cris- well, formerly editor of the Old Flag, now the Republican. He was one of the early residents of the county but died several years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Binns have six children, four sons and two daughters : William C, Florence O., John C, E. Coleridge, Majorie and George R. They also lost their second son, Edward, who died at the age of thirteen years. In politics I\Ir. Binns has always been a demo- crat, while socially he is connected with the Knights of Pythias, being keeper of the records and seal in Pittsfield lodge. No. 652. He is like- wise treasurer of the Pike County Mutual Life Association, is a member of the Tribe of Ben Hur, being past chief of the tribe at- Pittsfield. Mr. Binns has a wide acquaintance in the county, where his entire life has been passed, and that he has been long retained in public office is an indi- cation of the confidence and trust reposed in his capability and worth. FRANK SYKES. Frank Sykcs, who is engaged in general mer- chandisirg at Hadley, was born March 19, 1869, in Beverly township, Adams county, his parents being James and Mary (Ayres) Sykes. The fa- ther was born March 9, 1819, in Huddersfield, England, which was the birthplace of his parents and grandparents. Plis paternal grandfather pass- ed his early life in his native country and when quite )-oung commenced to work in the woolen mills, where his close application and ability won him recognition and eventually he was promoted to the position of foreman in the finishing depart- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 331 ment. In 1821, ambitious to enjoy still better business opportunities, he crossed the, Atlantic to America and secured a position in Manhattan- ville, now a part of New York city. He then sent for his wife and three children to join him in the new world and they took passage upon a sail- ing vessel, which weighed anchor at Liverpool. After the vessel had been out a few weeks it sprang a leak and started to retrace its course. After sailing for thirteen weeks they finally man- aged to reach the port of Cork, Ireland, and Mrs. Sykes then returned home with her three children. Soon, however, she had again completed arrange- ments for sailing to the United States and this time after a voyage of seven weeks she reached New York city. She had, however, thus spent twenty weeks upon the ocean in that j'ear. She joined her husband and they resided for a time in New York city afterward at Glenham, in Dutchess county and subsequently in Brooklyn, New York. In June of 1834 the grandfather visited Adams county, Illinois, and, being pleased with the country and its future prospects, he pur- chased four hundred and eighty acres of govern- ment land located in Beverly township. After purchasing this land he returned to Brooklyn and on the 2d of October, 1834, accompanied by his family, started for the new home in Illinois. They traveled on a tow boat on the Hudson river to Albany, thence by way of the Erie canal to Buffalo, by lake to Cleveland and on the Ohio canal to Portsmouth, where they took a steamer, thus proceeding down the Ohio and up the Mis- sissippi river to Quincy. Mr. Sykes left his family in Quincy and went to his farm, whereon he built a log cabin, after which the family were soon installed in their new home. He then entered resolutely upon the task of till- ing the soil and continued to make- his home upon that place up to the time of his death, which oc- cured in 1852. In early life he married Miss Hannah Hirst, a native of England and a daughter of William Hirst, who was also born in Yorkshire. They reared four children : Mary ; William; James, father of our subject; and John, who was born in New York. James Sykes was only two years of age when brought by his mother to the United States and was a youth of fifteen at the time of the removal to Illinois, where he assisted in the arduous task of developing a new farm. He continued upon the old homestead until he had attained his ma- jority, when his father gave him eighty acres of wild land, half prairie and half brush. Upon this place he erected a frame house, which was the third of the kind in Beverly township, all of the homes with two exceptions liaving previously been built of logs. Later he turned his attention to carpentering, to which he gave a part of his attention for nearly thirty years and in the mean- time he superintended the improvement of the farm. By his well directed thrift and enterprise he prospered and as the years passed he gradually increased his landed possessions until he now owns seven hundred and sixty acres of valuable farming property in Adams county. He continued to live upon the old homestead until 1888, when he purchased his present attractive residence that is beautifully located on Diamond Hill in Barry and now he is living in well earned ease, enjoy- ing a rest which he has truly merited. On the 23d of September, 1849, James Sykes was married to Miss Mary Ayres, a native of Woodbridge, New Jersey, who died in Adams county, April i, 1873, leaving six children, while five had previously passed away. Those still living are : Hannah, the wife of Aaron House, a resident of Cass county, Nebraska ; Elizabeth, the widow of James O. McLain and also a resi- dent of Cass county ; Joseph, who resides at Colo- rado Springs, Colorado ; Emma, the wife of W. M. Huffman, who resides upon the old Sykes farm in Beverly township, Adams county ; Frank, of this review ; and Hattie, the wife of Frank Lawson, who is living near Barry. Having lost his first wife Mr. Sykes was again married, No- vember 25, 1875, to Miss Martha J. Cunning- ham, who was born in Harrison county, Ohio. James Sykes is a stalwart republican in politics and served for nearly thirty years as school di- rector in Adams county. He has also been a mem- ber of the board of education in Barry and chair- man of the board of health. He stands today a strong man, strong in his honor and good name because of a life of untiring activity, of general usefulness and of successful accomplishment. He 33^ PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. has now passed the eighty-seventh milestone on life's journey and is one of the most venerable and respected citizens of the county. Frank S}'kes was educated in the common schools of Adams county and also spent one year as a student in the schools of Barry and one year in the Gem City Business College at Quincy, Bli- nois. He was reared to farm labor and continued to assist his father until twenty-one years of age, when he started out in life on his own account as a farmer of Beverly township, Adams county, where he remained for five years. He then re- moved to Hadley township, where he still owns one hundred and sixty acres of valuable farming land. He also has a good store at Hadley and carries a well selected stock of general mer- chandise, including shoes, clothing, dry goods, groceries and other commodities. In July, 1894, be was appointed postmaster at Hadley, which position he has since filled, discharging the duties of the office in connection with the management of bis commercial interests and the supervision of his farm. He raises both stock and grain and feeds a large number of hogs annually. He also buys grain for the Barry Milling Company and practically handles all of the grain raised Sn Hadley township. He likewise buys and sells coal. His business interests are thus extensive and carefully conducted, and his able management and enterprise are bringing to him very gratify- ing success. On the 23d of October, 1890, Mr. Sykes was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Hill, who was born in Hadley township on tfie 24th of August, 1869, and is a daughter of Fred and Elizabeth (Grammer) Hill. Her father was born in Rhode Island, March 8, 1844, and was a son of William and Julia (Farnsworth) Hill. The grandfather was a native of England, born in 1820 and in 1840 he came to America, settling in Rhode Island, where he worked in the cotton mills. Later he went to Massachusetts and was employed in a cotton factory until 1850, when he came to Pike county, Illinois, making the journev from New York to Buffalo by canal boat and thence to Chicago by way of the Great Lakes. He con- tinued his journey on the canal to La Salle and thence came down the Illinois river to Pike county. Mr. and Mrs. Hill went to live with the great-grandfather of Mrs. Sykes, remaining there for one year, after which a house was built, which they occupied for three years. It was a primitive little house without plastering and the snow would blow in between the chinks and it was very cold. He purchased four hundred acres of land in Fairmount township and it was upon this tract that the house was built. Mr. Hill broke and cleared his land which was all a wild timber tract when it came into his possession. He grubbed out the stumps and performed all the arduous toil necessary to the cultivation of a farm which was evolved from a wild tract of forest land. Ox teams were largely used in the farm work. The farm- was situated on the divide between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. The family shared in all the hardships and trials inci- dent to establishing a home on the frontier. Fred Hill, father of Mrs. Sykes, never had an overcoat or overshoes until he was twenty-two vears of age. He was a small child when the familv came to Pike county and was educated in the common schools here. He began active work on the farm when only eight years of age and he continued at home until twent)'-two years of age, when he rented land from his father, continuing its cultivation for nine years. On the expiration of that period his father gave him a farm of ninety-six acres and he continued its care and cul- tivation until 1876, when he bought a farm of two hundred and twenty-eight acres on section I, Hadley township, where he now resides. He was married on the 5th of April, 1866, to Miss Elizabeth Grammer, a native of Perry township. Pike county, Illinois. Thev have nine children, five daughters and four sons : Julia, who married William McCleery and resides in Missouri ; Mrs. , Sykes ; Eva, the wife of Roy Riggs, of Elmwood, Illinois : Webber, wdro married Ethel Ingalls, and lives in New Salem township, Pike county ; Liz- zie, Retta, Frank, Wilmot, and Charles, all at home. The father is a farmer and stock-raiser and has a well improved farm, to which he gives his personal supervision. His political views are in accord with democratic principles and he is accounted one of the representative and influen- tial residents of his localitv, whose business career PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 333 is extremely commendable, for through his untir- ing labors he has won the success which he now enjoys. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Sykes have been born three children, two sons and a daughter : Freddie James, born March 8, 1894 ; Paul Edwin, September 2, 1900; and Mary Elizabeth, October 12, 1903. The parents occupy an enviable position in the reg'ard of many friends and acquaintances. Mr. Sykes is a republican in his political views and belongs to the Modern Woodmen camp at Barry and to the Odd Fellows. lodge there. He has been verj' suc- cessful in his business career, ever manifesting the spirit of enterprise which would allow him to brook no obstacles and has enabled him to over- come all difficulties and work his way steadily upward to success. He is justly accounted one of of the representative agriculturist and merchants of his community. JON SHASTID. Jon Shastid, of Perry, is the owner of valuable landed interests comprising eleven hundred and eight acres in Pike county, nine hundred and fifty acres in Texas, ten acres in Wisconsin and eighty acres in Adams county. Fie is now retired from active business life, for he has passed the seventy- eighth milestone on life's journey, his birth hav- ing occurred in Overton county, Tennessee, June 2, 1827. The following year he was brought to Illinois by his parents, John G. and Elizabeth (Edwards) Shastid, who took up their abode in Menard county. The father was born in Ken- tucky in March, 1798, while the mother's birth occurred in Rutherford county, North Carolina, in September, 1794. They were married in Ten- nessee and after coming to Illinois Mr. Shastid purchased land in Sangamon county which was surveyed by Abraham Lincoln. This was par- tially prairie and partially timber land and upon the tract he built a log cabin. He was closely as- sociated with the pioneer development of that dis- trict and in 1836 he removed to Pittsfield, Pike county. Here he carried on farming and teaming and was a factor in public affairs, serving as dep- uty sheriff, constable and collector. He gave his political support to the democracy in early life, being a stanch advocate of the principles promul- gated by General Jackson, but later he joined the ranks of the republican party. He held member- ship in the Christian church and died in that faith in Pittsfield in February, 1874, when about sev- enty-six years of age. His wife passed away De- cember 8, 1863. In their family were eight chil- dren, but only two are now living, Jon of this review and Dr. T. W. Shastid, a resident of Pitts- field. As before stated, Jon Shastid was only about a year old when brought b_v his parents to Illinois. His early education was acc[uired in the public schools and he afterward attended the Illi- nois College at Jacksonville. When seventeen years of age he began teaching school, following the profession for twenty-four years. During the first five months of his connection with the work of public education he made about twelve dollars per month. Through the careful husbanding of his resources during all of the time that he was teaching he found himself worth between fifteen and twenty thousand dollars when he put aside the duties of the schoolroom. He taught for three months in Whiteside county, Illinois, and for a little more than two years in Fulton county and during the remainder of the time his educational service was rendered in Pike county. In 1869 he joined his father-in-law in the conduct of a mer- cantile enterprise and was thus engaged until Jan- uary I, 1884, when he sold out to Mrs. Cockill, his mother-in-law. He was ver}' successful in his agricultural venture, accjuiring a handsome competence through well directed effort, judicious purchases and advantageous sales. As his finan- cial resources have increased he has made exten- sive investments in real-estate and now owns four farms in Perry township, one in Pittsfield town- ship, one in Spring Creek township, one in Bev- erly township and five in Texas, having altogether twenty-one hundred and forty-eight acres of land. In 1864 Mr. Shastid was united in marriage to Miss Esther A. Cockill, whose birth occurred January 11, 1843, her parents being Joseph and Anna (Beatty) Cockill. Her father was a na- tive of Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, and died in 1873, at the age of fifty-six years. Flis wife. 334 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. who was born in New Haven, Connecticut, De- cember I, 1818, is now living in Perry. They were married in the Keystone state and became the parents of three children, but Mrs. Shastid is the only one now living. Her father was a merchant and coal operator in Pennsylvania and in 1858 he came to Pike county, Illinois, locating in Perry, where he established a store which is still conducted. He was one of the leading mer- chants of the village, having a large and profit- able trade and he also acted as postmaster of Perry for a number of years. His parents were members of the Society of Friends and he was reared in that faith. His political support was given to the republican party. Mr. Shastid has always maintained his interest in educational affairs and yet often meets with the teachers and discusses the school work and the best plans of promoting public education. He served as town clerk in Barry, but resigned the office before the expiration of his term. He first cast an anti-slavery vote in 1848 and his first presidential vote was given in support of Martin Van Buren. He has for many years been an ar- dent republican, and for sixty-two years has been a member of the Christian church. He has led a busy, useful and honorable life characterized by unfaltering allegiance to manly principles, and while he has met with good success his prosperity is attributable entirely to earnest and straightfor- ward labor. W. A. WINDMILLER. W. A. Windmiller, who is now living a retired life in Pleasant Hill but for fourteen years was an active business man in the village, is a native of Pleasant Hill township, his birth having occurred on the 27th of October, 1859. His father, Samuel Windmiller, was a -native of Germanv, born in 1807 and when a young man he came with his mother and the family to the new world. The father started with them but died on the voyage over and was buried at sea. The family located in Pike county, Illinois, where Samuel Wind- miller was later married to Mrs. Anna (Glenn) Williams, who was born in Pennsylvania, but was of German lineage. Mr. Windmiller pur- chased land and developed a fami in Pleasant Hill township, becoming one of the thrifty and enterprising agriculturists of the community. He continued to give his attention to general agri- cultural pursuits up to the time of his death, which occurred upon the old homestead in 1875. His wife still survives him and resides with her children. W. A. Windmiller is one of a family of five sons, who reached mature years. The eldest, G. F. Windmiller, is a farmer of Pleasant Hill town- ship ; J. H. Windmiller also devotes his attention to farming ; W. A. is the next of the family ; and C. T. is a merchant of Pleasant Hill. One brother, Samuel, reached mature years and mar- ried, but is now deceased. W. A. Windmiller, spending his boyhood days in his native township, acquired his education in the common schools, and was reared to farm labor, early becoming familiar with the duties that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He was married in Pleasant Hill on Christmas eve, of 1884, to Miss Susie Capps, a native of Kansas, and a daughter of W. D. Capps, who removed to the Sunflower state, and there resided for a few years, after which he returned to his old home in Pike county, Illinois, so that his daughter was reared and educated here. Following his mar- riage Mr. Windmiller engaged in farming for seven vears, operating rented land. He then purchased a half interest in a store in 1891 and afterward engaged in merchandising in Pleasant Hill, becoming sole proprietor of the store in 1893. He continued in active business for nearly fourteen years, carrj'ing a large and well se- lected line of general merchandise. His straight- forward business methods and unfaltering en- ergy won for him a large patronage, and he gradually added to his capital. He also purchased and still owns a business house in the village ; and he erected a neat residence, which he now occupies. Mr. Windmiller has extended his ef- forts to other fields of activity, having purchased land and laid out an addition to the town. He also bought a farm in Pleasant Hill township and continued its cultivation and further im- provement having now a valuable property which returns to him a good income. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 335 The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Windmiller has been blessed with three children : Nina and Marie, who are students in the home school; Howard Earl, the second in order of birth, was born May 3, 1891, and died November 28, 1892, at the age of one year and six months. The parents are members of the Baptist church, and in politics Mr. Windmiller has been a lifelong- democrat. He was elected and served as presi- dent of the village board, and has also been a di- rector of schools ; but does not desire nor seek of- fice, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business interests. He is a Master Mason, be- longing to Pleasant Hill lodge, and he has passed all of the chairs in the Knights of Pythias lodge, and is past chancellor. His entire life has been passed in Pike county ; and he has therefore wit- nessed milch of its growth and development, helping to improve and make the village of Pleas- ant Hill what it is to-day. He is one of the origi- nal stockholders of the Citizens Bank, and is now vice president of the institution. His invested interests bring to him a good financial return an- nually, and indicate his resourceful business abil- ity, keen insight and sound judgment. He is well known throughout his native county as a man of strict integrity and worth, and he and his estimable wife are held in uniform regard. JAMES WHEELAN. James Wheelan, engaged in general farming on section i. Pleasant Vale township, was born in Ireland in 1837, and in 1848 accompanied his mother to St. Louis, Misouri. His parents were Richard and Mary (Scully) Wheelan. The fa- ther died about 1846, and the mother, as before stated, came to the new world, establishing her home in St. Louis. The voyage was made on a sailing vessel, the General Taylor, which dropped anchor in the harbor of New Orleans after six weeks and four days spent upon the Atlantic. Mr. Wheelan of this review remained in St. Louis with his mother until 1855, there learning the blacksmith trade, and they then came to Pike county, Illinois, where he began working at his trade, being first employed by Horace Palmer, while later he engaged in business on his own ac- count in New Canton. He followed that pursuit until 1873, when he abandoned the trade and re- moved to a farm, upon which he resided until 1877. The place upon which he now resides he purchased in 1870, and seven years later he took up his abode thereon, and has since made it his home. He has built here a beautiful residence, fine barns and other substantial buildings, and in fact, all of the improvements on the place stand as monuments to his thrift and labor. He has also purchased a farm adjoining the original property and yet owns this. His landed possessions aggre- gate two hundred and forty-five acres of rich and productive soil, which he has brought under a high state of cultivation, and from which he an- nually harvests abundant crops. He carries on general farming and stock-raising, and makes a specialty of shorthorn cattle and a good grade of hogs. In 1857 Mr. Wheelan was married to Miss Isa- belle Brown, who was born in Ireland, and unto this union have been born seven children, of whom four are living : Marj', the wife of John Kendrick who resides near her father's farm; Belle, who is the wife of Warren Spencer and lives upon an adjoining farm ; William, who mar- ried Anna Brammel, who died, leaving three chil- dren, John B., James S. and George S., who with their father reside upon the old farm homestead ; and James G., who married Anna Hoverland, also deceased, while he resides with his father. Those who have passed awa}' are : Ella, who be- came the wife of John Lax and left one child ; Alexander H. ; Rebecca, who married Ed. Fesler, and both are now deceased, leaving two children, James W. and Ella W., the latter living with her grandfather Wheelan; and Richard. Mrs. . James Wheelan died in 1873, and in 1877 Mr. Wheelan was married to Eliza Brown, who was born in Ireland in 1849 and came to America in 1870, making her home in Ogle county, Illi- nois, with her mother. She afterward came to Pike county on a visit and later most of her mother's family removed to this county. Politically Mr. Wheelan is a democrat, and for a number of years served as village trustee of 336 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. New Canton. He was also road commissioner for six years, and for a long period has been a school director, doing everything in his power to ad- vance the cause of public education, in which he is deeph' interested. He belongs to Barry lodge. No. 34, A. F. & A. M., and Barry chapter. No. 88, R. A. AT. The wife is a member of the Meth- odist church. They reside on section I, Pleasant Vale township, about three miles from Barry and three miles from New Canton, and they are now pleasantly situated in life although when Mr. Wheelan came to Pike county he had a capital of but thirty cents. He has been an industrious, hard-working man, and all that he possesses has been accjuired through his own labors. Toil — earnest unremitting toil — this is the secret of his prosperity, and his example should serve as a source of encouragement and inspiration to others who have begun life empty-handed as he did. In no country does labor receive its just reward as surely as it does in America, and with the improvement of business opportunities Mr. Wheelan has made for himself a creditable place among the well-to-do residents of Pleasant Vale township. E. R. STOXER, M. D. Dr. E. R. Stoner, the oldest practicing phy- sician in Pike county to-day, was born in Ohio, January 11, 1827, a son of Colonel Joseph and Margaret (Fred) Stoner. The father was born in Pennsylvania and the mother's birth occurred in Virginia in 1800. They were married in Ohio and Mr. Stoner passed away in 1852, at the age of iifty-seven years, while his wife died in 1857. at the same age. In 1836 the father came to Illi- nois, settling in that part of Schuyler countv which is now Brown county: He first purchased land at the usual government price of a dollar and a quarter per acre, securing three hundred acres, and he built thereon a log cabin and at once began breaking the wild prairie land with oxen. Dr. .Stoner, who was then but a young lad, often assisted in this work. In 1841 Mr. Stoner erect- ed a more commodious and modern residence — a frame structure — and the famil\- were soon in- stalled in a comfortable home. He was a public- spirited citizen, active and capable in affairs of general interest. He served as colonel of a regi- ment of the Ohio militia and as captain of a mili- tary company in Illinois. He also acted as gov- ernment commissioner in Schuyler county. His political allegiance was given to the democracy and he was a Universalist in religious belief. In his family were ten children, but only two are now living : Dr. Stoner, of this review, and Stephen, who resides at Burnside, Hancock county, Illi- nois, where he is engaged in business as a mer- chant and stockdealer. Dr. Stoner acquired his literary education in the public schools. Determining upon the prac- tice of medicine as a life work, he entered the [Missouri Medical College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1854. He began prac- tice, however, in 1852, when he first came to Pike countv. locating at Chambersburg, where he spent two years. He then removed to the town of Perry, where he resided for seven )'ears, and in 1 86 1 he came to Griggsville. He has been in active practice in this county altogether for fifty- three years and has always kept in touch with the advance made bv the medical fraternity as in- A'estigation, research and experiment have broad- ened the knowledge and promoted the efficiencv of its representatives. On the 6th of October, 1855, Dr. Stoner was married to Miss .\nn Eliza Whitaker, a daughter of Benjamin and Delia (Wood) W^hitaker, who were natives of New York city. Fler father came to Illinois at an early day, settling on a farm two and a half miles north of Perry, Pike county, and was engaged in the meat-packing business for a number of years. He afterward removed to St. Louis, Missouri, where he was engaged in a general commission business for twenty years, and in 1876 he came to Griggsville, where he lived retired up to the time of his death, which occurred when he was eighty-one years of age. His wife survived and passed away at the very venerable age of ninety-four years. They were members of the Baptist church and Mr. Whitaker gave his political allegiance to the republican part\-. In his family were four children, all of whom are vet living, namely : James ; Airs. Helen Dr. E R. STONER PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY 339 Dozer, a resident of St. Louis, Missouri ; Mrs. Stoner, and Mrs. Emma Lacey, who is living in Baltimore, Maryland. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Stoner have been born three children. Mrs. Emma Douglas is now in Paris, France, educating her two daughters. The elder, Kathryn, is a graduate of the Chaevachase school and is now engaged in translating lan- guages. Margaret, the younger daughter, is at- tending a French school in Paris. The mother is a most highly educated lady of superior lit- erary attainments and is also acting as chap- eron for two other young ladies beside her own daughters in Paris. Stanley, the only son, mar- ried Miss Evadne Rumsey, of St. Louis, Missouri. They were married in Minnesota and have one child. Stanley is a graduate of Cornell Univer- sity of the class of 1886 and was a teacher of po- litical economy for three years in Washington University. He was appointed to represent Chan- celor Elliott after his death and for fifteen years he was a practitioner of law in St. Louis. Pie re- ceived the appointment of consul general from President Roosevelt to Calcutta, India, and was transferred to that place from Bombay, but he resigned his position because of his family, it being unsafe for them to remain there on account of the plague. Alice, the third member of the family, is the wife of Dr. Vincent Lasbury, of Chicago. In his early life Dr. Stoner engaged in teaching school between the ages of seventeen and twenty years and then entered upon preparation for the medical profession. Since engaged in practice he has had eighteen or twenty students under his direction and some of them attained prominence in medical circles, including Professor A. C. Cot- ton, who is with the Rush Medical College, of Chi- cago; Dr. Charles A. Wade, who is a teacher in Chicago, and Dr. Henry Hatch, who after study- ing with Dr. Stoner continued his studies in Lon- don and Beriin. He died in Quincy, Illinois, in the summer of 1905 and was buried in Griggs- villa cemetery. Dr. Stoner, although for more than a half century connected with his profes- sion, is still the beloved family physician in manv a household in Griggsville and the surrounding districts, and his professional skill and irreproach- able private life have won him the love, confi- dence and trust of his fellowmen and made him a most honored citizen of Pike county. ROLLIN MEARS DIX. One does not have to carry his investigations far into the history of Griggsville to learn that the name of Dix has long been an honored one in Pike county and the subject of this review has fully sustained the admirable family record. He was born in this county August 31, 1855, and ac- quired his education in the public schools of Griggsville. His father, Levi W. Dix, was a na- tive of Maiden, Massachusetts, born February 15, 1821, and his death occurred in Griggsville, April 30, 1874. He was a son of John Dix, who in 1834 came to Illinois with his family. In 1 841 Levi W. Dix was united in marriage with Miss Ruth E. Kiddle, a native of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and a daughter of Arthur Kiddle. Five children were born of this marriage, but only Rollin M. Dix is now living. The father was engaged in merchandising in Griggsville for ten or fifteen years and had a good business, being- known as one of the leading merchants of this place. He was a partner of James Brakefield and in all of his business relations commanded uniform confidence and trust. Rollin Mears Dix was educated in the public schools of Griggsville and has spent much of his life in traveling with his mother. With her he visited her old home in 1881 and at that time they took an extended trip over the New England states, visiting many places of historic interest. He lived in Las Vegas, New Mexico, from July 18, 1888, until after the death of his sister in April, 1889. In 1897 he and his mother made an ex- tended trip in the east, visiting many points, in- cluding Chautauqua, New York. On the 22d of December, 1899, Mr. Dix lost his mother, since which time he has occupied the old homestead, where he has spent his entire life with the excep- tion of the periods devoted to travel. He has lived on this site for forty-one years, but two of the old houses have been torn down. His life 340 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was devoted to his mother and the affection be- tween them was largely ideal. He gave to her almost his entire thonght and devotion and put forth every eft'ort in his power for her comfort and happiness. His home is a beautiful one, most attractively furnished, showing every evidence of a refined and cultured taste as well as of wealth. In politics Mr. Dix has always been a republican and his religious faith is indicated by his mem- bership in the Congregational church. TOHX E. CHAMCERLIN. There are no rules for building character ; there is no rule for achieving success. The man who can rise from the ranks to a position of prominence is he who can see and utilize the opportunities that surround his path. The essen- tial conditions to human life are ever the same, the surroundings of influence differ but slightly and if one man passes another on the highway, reaching the goal of prosperity before those who perhaps started out ahead of him, it is because he has the power to use the advantages which probably encompass the whole human race. To- day among the most prominent business men of liarry stands Air. Chamberlin and his name brings to mind an important commercial indus- try of the citv, for he has long been engaged in the conduct of a men's furnishing goods store in Barry, where he has made an unassailable repu- tation for business integrity, for progressive methods and for successful accomplishment. Mr. Chamberlin was born in Butler C(5unty, ( )hio, Alay ii, 1832, and is descended from one of the old colonial families of New Jersey. Plis paternal grandfather, Aaron Chamberlin, was one of the heroes of the Revolutionary war and par- ticipated in the battle of Monmouth. Following the close of hostilities he owned a farm near that battle-field, upon which he spent his remaining davs, reaching the ver\- advanced age of ninetv- four years. .\aron Chamberlin, Jr., father of our subject, was born in Monmouth county. New Jersey, in 1787, and in early manhood went to Ohio, locat- ing at Darr township, Butler county. He was married in Ohio to Miss Rachel Bryant, a native of Butler county, where her father had located in pioneer times. Mr. Chamberlin followed the wagonmaker's trade in Darr township until 1835, when he removed to Illinois accompanied by his wife and five children, making the journey by way of the ( )hio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Phillip's ferr\- and thence to Derry township. Pike count)', Illinois. Upon a previous visit to the county he had purchased a tract of land, of which twelve or fifteen acres had been cleared, while the remainder was wild prairie and timber. The family took up their abode in the little log cabin, which had already been erected, and j\Ir. Chamberlin continued to engage in farming there until his death in 1850. His wife long survived him, passing away in 1888, at the age of eighty- three )'ears. In their family were four children: Alfred and James W., both deceased; John B., of this review ; and Lydia A., the wife of Hutson Martin, a resident of Rockport. By a former marriage the father had one son, William Cham- berlin. John B. Chamberlin of this review has been a resident of Pike county from the age of three }-ears. "When a young lad he attended the daily school in Derry township which was conducted upon the subscription plan. Primitive conditions existed on all sides and the niost far-sighted could scarcely have dreamed of the changes which were to occur and bring about such a radical trans- formation in the appearance of the county which at that time contained many tracts of wild prairie land and stretches of unbroken forest. Air. Cham- berlin passed many a pleasant hour in hunting and killed many deer and much lesser gime in this county. His youth was passed upon the old homestead farm and he assisted in its care and cultivation until 1848, when, thinking that he would find other pursuits more congenial he se- cured a clerkship in a general store in Rockport, where he remained for three years. In 1850, however, he went with his father upon a visit to the latter's old home in New Jersev, the journey to the east being made by ^vay of the Illinois, Alississippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati and thence bv rail to Sandusky Citv, Ohio, where PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 341 they arrived Saturda)^ evening. They found they could secure a boat that night but a friend, Mrs. Bradley, who was traveling with them, was very tired and desired to wait until Monday and then take the regular packet. ]\Ir. Chambei'lin and his father decided to wait with her and found that they were very fortunate in doing so, for the other boat on which they might have sailed was lost with all on board. They proceeded b)' packet to ButTalo and by rail to New York city and thence on to their destination. On the return trip they traveled b}' way of the lake from Buf- falo to Detroit, by rail across the state of ilichi- gan and from New Buffalo across Lake Alichi- gan to Chicago, thence by canal to La Salle and on down the Illinois river to their home. Such was the slow and tedious method of travel in those days before Illinois had become the great- est railroad state in the L^nion. After his return to Pike county Mr. Chamber- lin engaged in clerking in a store at Winchester for about six months and in 185 1 came to Barry, where he entered the employ of the firm of Shields & Lillis. IMany nights he slept upon the counter in the store and he used every oppor- tunity that would enable him to promote his financial interests. Lie continued with the above mentioned firm until they retired from business, when he formed a partnership and became a member of the firm of Hammond & Chamberlin. After a year, however, Mr. Chamberlin sold his interest to Dr. D. W. Greene. On the 8th of .-Vpril, 1858, Mr. Chamberlin purchased his first bill of clothing and embarked in the line of business in which he has since continued, occup}-- ing at first a rented building, in which he placed his small stock of ready-made clothing. This was the nucleus of his present large establish- ment. In 1861 he purchased the building in which he was conducting business and his fur- ther success is indicated by the fact that in 1863 he built a frame building thirty by sixty feet. His trade continued to grow and in 1869 justified the erection of a brick building on the corner — a two story structure thirty by one hundred and twentv feet. There he continued with growing success until the big fire of 1894, when his store with its contents was destroyed. However, it rose jDhcenix-like from the ashes, for with an unfalter- ing courage and determination he at once began the erection of a second brick structure, two stories in height with enlarged dimensions, it being seventy-five by one hundred feet. He now rents one store, while the remainder of the build- ing is occupied with the clothing stock of the firm, for since 1875 Mr. Chamberlin has been associ- ated with his son, Albert J. Chamberlin, whom he in that year admitted to a partnership. They still continue in business having a large and fine stock of goods and a very extensive patronage which makes the volume of business transacted over their counters each year of much importance. Theirs has become one of the leading commercial enterprises of the town. On the 2ist of August, 1854, Mr. Chamber- lin was united in marriage to Miss Martha E. Rush, who was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, April I, 1829, a daughter of Josiah and Mary (Cook) Rush. Her father was born in Virginia and her mother in Ohio. At an early day they came to Pike count}' and continued residents of Barry up to the time of their death. In their family were 'four children : Caroline, Catherine, Martha and Mary Ann. The last named was the wife of William F. White and all are now de- ceased. j\Irs. Chamberlin died at her beautiful home in Barry, March 11, 1901. In her child- hood she had come with her parents to this city, where she continued to live until called to her final rest. In early life she became a believer in the Christian religion and her faith was always exemplified in her daily conduct. Her nature was refined and sensitive to an unusual degree and she possessed the kindly spirit and tact which placed at ease all who came within her presence. In her family she was a most devoted and loving wife and mother and her relations to those out- side of her own home were always just, kind and magnanimous. She seemed to live to make others happy and her death came as a crushing blow to her many friends and to the members of her own household. Her memory is yet enshrined in the hearts of all who knew her and her in- fluence remains as a blessed benediction to those with whom she came in contact. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlin were born three children: 342 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Eug-enie R., who is living at home; Freddie, who died at the age of five years ; Albert J., who mar- ried Anna Scott and has one daughter, Zee, the wife of De M. Doran, by whom she has one child. Mr. Chamberlin has a beautiful home, where he now resides. It stands in the midst of six acres of land and is surrounded by fine shade trees. He also owns the old homestead property adjoining his present residence and now he has made many improvements. He likewise has very valuable realtv in Barry, having made judicious investment of his capital. He has never cared for public office but is a stanch republican, having supported the party since casting his vote for Abraham Lincoln. For almost a half century he has been numbered among the merchants of this town and he has made a reputation that any man might be proud to possess. He has been prompt in meeting obligations and in keeping en- gagements and his name has become an honored one on commercial paper. His career has ever been such as to warrant the trust and confidence of the business world, for he has ever conducted all business transactions on the strictest principles of honor and integrity. His devotion to the pub- lic good is uncjuestioned and arises from a sincere interest in his fellowmen. MRS. SUSAN ROBERTS. Mrs. Susan Roberts, living in Montezuma township, was born December 15, 1840, in Mar- tinsburg township. Her parents were Asa D. and Eleanor (Goodin) Cooper, the former born in Kentucky, February 27, 181 1, and the latter in Saline county, Missouri, October 10, 181 8. The paternal grandfather, George W. Cooper, was born in Georgia, removing to Tennessee, after- ward to Kentucky and subsequently to Morgan county, Illinois, thence to southwest Missouri and afterward resided in Pike county, Illinois, whence he went to Macon county, this state, his death there occurring. The maternal grandfather was Robert Goodin, a native of Tennessee, who re- moved to Missouri and subsequently became a res- ident of Martinsburg township, Pike county, Il- linois, making his home near Pittsfield, where his death occurred, his remains being interred in the Goodin graveyard. Asa D. Cooper, father of Mrs. Roberts, re- moved to Morgan county, Illinois, in the early '30s and prior to his marriage came to Pike county. He wedded Miss Eleanor Goodin in Martinsburg township, in April, 1834, and her death occurred in the same town- ship, on March 20, 1854, her remains being interred in the Goodin graveyard. Mr. Cooper survived until December 29, 1858, and also passed away on the old homestead, after which his re- mains were interred near the burial place of his wife. In their family were eight children, of whom Mrs. Roberts was the third in order of birth. The others were : John H., born October 10, 1836; Mary E., January 11, 1838; Robert A., January 27, 1843; George W., in June, 1845; Nancy J., January 6, 1847; James M., October 26, 1850; and Sarah A., born March 9, 1853. Of these, three have now passed away : George, who died October 10, 1853, and was buried in the Goodin graveyard, four miles south of Pittsfield; Robert B. who died near Folsom, California, in November, 1854; and Sarah, who died near Dal- las, Texas. Susan Cooper spent her girlhood davs in her parents' home upon the old farm in Martinsburg township and was educated in the countr)' schools, while tmder her mother's instruction she was trained to the duties of the household, so that she was well qualified to take charge of a home of her own at the time of her marriage. On the 20th of March, 1862, she gave her hand in mar- riage to David Roberts, a son of David and La- vina (Pool) Roberts, who were natives of New England, the former having been born in Ver- mont in 1800, and the latter in New York in 1802. The grandfather of David Roberts also bore the name of David Roberts, and was a wheelwright by trade and a soldier of the Revolutionary war. In 1816 he became a pioneer settler of Ohio and in 1839 took up his abode in Pike county, Il- linois, where he died in 1847. David Roberts, his grandson, was a man of more than average ability intellectually and was a very interesting and entertaining conversation- DAVID ROBERTS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 345 alist. His educational opportunities were very meagre, for in school he never progTcssed beyond the third reader but after putting aside his text- books he read and studied extensively. He never attended school after he was thirteen years of age and up to that time had only such instruction as was afforded in the old-time log schoolhouse. He read extensively however, and was an ex- cellent judge of people as well as of books. He was also a logical reasoner and deep thinker and was always regarded as an educated man by those who conversed with him, for his language was good, his words ever being well chosen. In 1850, when sixteen years of age, he accompanied his father to California, remaining on the Pacific slope for eight years. He then returned home in April, 1858, and engaged in farming at the old homestead for three years. He then started out upon an independent business career as a farmer and from time to time added to his landed possessions. In the spring of 1870 he purchased a farm in Montezuma township, whereon he re- sided for thirty years, or up to the time of his death. He led an eventful and prosperous life and became the owner of three hundred and seventy-five acres of very valuable land, now held by his heirs. The home farm was not improved in the least when it came into his possession and the only building upon it was a log cabin, but he soon wrought a transformation in the appearance of the place and was a successful agriculturist who added various improvements to the farm in the way of buildings and machinery, while the soil produced bountifully, good crops being annu- ally harvested. The little log cabin was replaced by a more modern, commodious and substantial residence, the fields were fenced, barns were built and the work of progress and improvement was carried steadily forward. By the marriage of David Roberts and Susan Cooper there were born five children, two daugh- ters and three sons. Lavina E.,born December 26, 1862, is a graduate of the Illinois State Normal, at Normal, Illinois. She discontinued teaching on account of ill health and later made a canvass for the office of school superin- tendent of Pike county, i8go, being en- dorsed by the republican and union labor par- ties, but the county is overwhelmingly democratic and she failed of election. She then took up the cause of the Farmers' Alliance and discussed the platform throughout the county. Later when the Farmers' Alliance was merged into the people's party she espoused that cause and delivered many addresses in support of its platform throughout Illinois and Missouri. In 1894 she took charge of the populist newspaper published in Pittsfield and was at its head for nearly two years. In the summer of 1894 she was nominated by the popu- lists of Illinois for the position of state superin- tendent of public instruction. While engaged in newspaper work she was ably assisted by her brother, John I. Roberts, who was a brilliant writer. Lizzie Roberts, born September 10, 1864, died August 6, 1884, when about twenty years of age and was buried in the Green Pond cemetery. John I, born December 18, 1866, passed away July 23, 1896. David, who was of the fifth gener- ation of that name, was born August 15, 1869, and died July 15, 1894. George Roberts, born April 8, 1871, is now superintending the old home farm in a successful manner. The family are members of the Church of Christ. The hus- band and father, after a useful, active and honor- able career departed this life May 8, 1900, and his death was the occasion of deep and wide-spread regret among his many friends. He had resided upon the home farm for thirty years and during a long residence in the county had become very widely and favorably known, his good qualities endearing him to all with whom he was associ- ated. Mrs. Roberts lives at the old homestead in Montezuma township and her entire life has been passed in this county, so that she is largely familiar with its history and has been a witness of much of its growth and change. FRANKLIN M. FENTON. The farming and stock-raising interests of Pike county have a worthy representative in Franklin M. Fenton, who is living on section 21, Newburg township. He is operating the old Fenton home- stead of two hundred and forty acres, which is a neat and well improved property. It was upon 346 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. this farm that he first opened his eyes to the Hght of day on the 12th of March, 1877, his parents being John M. and Sarah M. (Biggs) Fenton. His father was born April 22, 1825, in Butler count}', Ohio, and was a son of the Rev. Samuel and Mary (Degroff) Fenton. The ancestral his- tory can be traced back to a still more remote pe- riod, the founders of the family in America hav- ing come from Scotland. The great-grandfather of John M. Fenton was George Fenton, who was was born December 24, 1748, while his wife, Elizabeth, was born August 18, 1749. He served as a soldier of the Revolutionary war. John M. Fenton's grandfather, John Fenton, who was born August 18, 1779, and married Elizabeth Marsh, who was born June 8, 1786. John M. Fenton's father. Rev. Samuel Fenton, was a native of Hamilton county, Ohio, born May 4, 1800, and was a minister of the Christian church, devoting his life to that holy calling He was also a shoe- maker by trade. He died in Butler county, Ohio, in 1839, and his wife, who was a native of Brook- lyn, New York, survived him for a number of years, and spent her last days in the home of her son, J. M. Fenton, in Pike county. She was born in 1803, and died in 1895, at the good old age of ninety-two years. John M. Fenton was reared to mature years in Ohio, and had but limited educational privileges, so that he is largely a self-educated man, having greatly broadened his knowledge after attaining to years of maturity. He is a man of superio;- business ability, widely and favorably known in Illinois. Coming to this state in 1856, he settled in Pike county, purchasing land in Newburg township, owning here some five hundred acres of land, comprised in several well improved and valuable farms. Pie devoted his attention to agri- cultural pursuits and to the raising and feeding of stock, and was regarded as one of the success- ful farmers and stockmen of the county. ITe has been married twice. In Butler countv, Ohio, in 1844, he wedded Miss Sarah Biggs, who died at their home in Newburg township. There are two living sons of this marriage: Samuel A., a resident farmer of I'.ccville, Texas; and Albert M., who is a sul)stanlial agriculturist of New- burg township. In 1871", Mr. Fenton was mar- ried in Griggsville township to Mrs. Sarah M. Davis, nee Biggs, the widow of F. M. Davis. By this marriage three children were born, in- cluding Franklin M. Fenton of this review. In recent years the father has lived a retired life, and for some time has spent the winter months in California and Texas, having a residence in Los Angeles. In the summer seasons he returns to Illinois and visits with his children. His life has been active and enterprising and his labors have been crowned with a gratifying measure of prosperity. There are two daughters of the sec ond marriage : Rosa, now the wife of Charles Bradburn, a farmer of Newburg township ; and Anna, the wife of Otto Offenbecker, now of Lawrence, Indiana. Franklin M. Fenton was reared upon his fa- ther's farm and acquired his preliminary educa- tion in the district schools, while later he at- tended the Pittsfield high school. He remained with his father, and upon attaining his majority took charge of the home farm, since which time he has given undivided attention to agricultural pursuits and raising and feeding stock. On the nth of September, 1901, in Jackson- ville, Illinois, Mr. Fenton was imited in marriage to Miss Flora Ivelley, a native of Newburg town- ship, and a daughter of William W. Kelley, a prosperous farmer of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Fenton began their domestic life upon the old homestead farm, where the}' now reside, and their union has been blessed with three children : Char- lotte May, born August 3, 1902; Geneva Lillian, born November 25, 1903; and Margery Mildred, born December 16, 1905. Mr. Fenton gives his tmdivided attention to general agricultural pur- suits and stock-raising and feeding, making a specialty of feeding hogs, raising one hundred or more head per year. He also, raises good horses and cattle, however, and has made a start in the sheep industry, and raises all kinds of grain adapted to his locality. In his work he is prac- tical and energetic, and his labors have been at- tended with a gratifying degree of prosperity. Political!}- he is a democrat, but prefers to vote for men rather than party, and to give his at- tention to his business affairs rather than to seek- ing office. His farm is well improved with PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 347 modern equipments, and everything about his place is kept up in accordance witli the modern ideas of farming, according to the best of his abihtv. H. CLAUDE FORTUNE, M. D. Dr. H. Claude Fortune is numbered among the younger representatives of the medical fraternity in Pike county, but his years seem no bar to his progress nor success. He is associated in practice with his father at Pleasant Hill, and his excellent qualifications for his profession and his conform- ity to a high standard of professional ethics have gained him favorable regard throughout the com- munity. He was born in Prairieville, Pike county, Missouri, on the 5th of October, 1872, and when about two years of age was brought to Pike county, Illinois, by his father. Dr. H. D. Fortune. His preliminary education was acquired in the public schools of Pleasant Hill, and he entered upon the preparation for his chosen profession under the direction of his father. When Presi- dent McKinley called for volunteers for the Span- ish-American war he was one of the first to en- list from Pike county. He comes of a fighting ancestry, his great-grandfather having been a soldier of the Revolution, while his father was an officer in the Confederate service in the Civil war. Dr. Fortune of this review went with his company to Manila, and entered the hospital serv- ice there, being connected with the United States army for more than three years. Following his discharge he returned home and spent four and a half years as a student in the medical depart- ment of the St. Louis University, being gradu- ated with the class of 1905. He then joined his father in practice in Pleasant Hill, and is now one of the successful physicians of the county, being in every way qualified for his chosen life work, in which he is now meeting with gratifying suc- cess. Lie has had extensive experience for so young a man, especially in the line of surgery, and has done excellent work in that department of p.ractice. Dr. Fortune was married in Vandalia, Mis- souri, September 26, 1904, to Miss Fannie But- ler, a native of that state, and a daughter of Judge W. A. Butler, who occupied the bench of the county court of Ralls county. Dr. Fortune votes with the democracy, where national issues are involved, but at local elections casts an inde- pendent ballot. He is a Master Mason of Pleas- ant Hill lodge, and is now serving as junior warden. Having spent his entire life in this vil- lage, he has a wide acquaintance ; and the fact that many of his stanchest friends are numbered among these who have known him from his boy- hood to the present is an indication that he is well worthy of the regard that is unifoimly given him. W. B. POWELL. The development and progress of every com- munity depends upon its business interests and the class of men who are in control of its indus- trial and commercial afl^airs. In this connection Mr. Powell may well be tenned one of the promi- nent and leading citizens of Barry, where he is ex- tensively and successfullyengagedinthe manufac- ture of cigars, which he sells to wholesale trade. He has conducted thebusiness for twenty-five years with gratifying prosperity and, moreover, he is a stockholder and also one of the directors of the First National Bank of the town. His keen busi- ness discernment and unfaltering energy consti- tute the basis of success, which is as commendable as it is desirable. Mr. Powell is a native of Missouri, his birth having occurred in Hannibal on the 12th of Au- gust, 1 861. His parents, John E. and Eliza (Truitt) Powell, were both natives of Maryland, and in their childhood days accompanied their respective parents on the removal of the families to Missouri. John E. Powell became a tobacco worker, carrying on that business for some time. He passed away on the i8th of April, 1905, and his widow still survives and yet makes her home in Hannibal, Missouri. In their family were seven children, five of whom are yet living. W. B. Powell, reared under the parental roof, pursued his education in the public schools of Hannibal and in early life learned the trade of 348 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. manufacturing" cigars. For twenty-five years he has been engaged in business in Barry, estabhsh- ing his manufactory here on the i8th of April, 1881. He manufactures high grade cigars of the best quality and has gained a splendid repu- tation for the desirability of his output. He finds a ready sale for his product in Missouri, Illi- nois, Iowa, Nebraska and other states. He began business on a small scale, but his trade gradually increased in extent and importance until he is now in control of the largest cigar manufactory in the county. He follows the most modern pro- cesses in the work of manufacturing, and his very liberal patronage is indicative of the favor which his product finds with the trade. On the 22d of December, 1886, Mr. Powell was united in marriage to Miss Carrie E. Wagy, of Plainville, Illinois, who was born on the loth of December, 1863, and is a daughter of Oscar and Rebecca (Decker) Wagy. Mrs. Powell is a native of Adams county, Illinois, where her par- ents located at an early day. Her parental grand- parents were Henry and Eleanor (Stone) Wagy. The grandfather was of German lineage, and was the second man to settle in the city of Quincy, removing to Adams county from Licking county, Ohio. He was accompanied by his family and took up his abode on the present site of Quincy, where he lived for a brief period, after which he purchased the "smoking Dutchman's" place in Melrose township, Adams county. When he disposed of that property he removed to Mc- Craney creek, where he lived for a few years, and then established his home near Plainville, where he purchased a farm' residing- thereon until his death. He was closely associated with the early agricultural development of Adams county and reclamation of this wild land for the uses of the white race. Fie lived there when almost the entire district was in its primitive condition, when wild game of all kinds was plentiful, and he became one of the noted deer hunters of his day. Oscar Wagy, father of Mrs. Powell, was reared in Adams county amid the scenes of pioneer life and was married there to Miss Rebecca Jane Decker. The Deckers were of Irish lineage, and became early settlers of Richfield township, Adams county. Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Wag^i^ be- gan their domestic life upon a farm and became prosperous agriculturists of the community in which they resided, eventually owning seven hun- dred and forty-five acres of valuable and pro- ductive land there. In their family were ten chil- dren. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wagy have now de- parted this life. Mr. and Mrs. Powell have a beautiful home in Barry, where they reside. Their residence is finished in hardwood throughout, and is built in modern style of architecture. It stands in the midst of beautiful and well kept grounds, and indeed is one of the most pleasant residences of the town. Its hospitality, too, adds to its charm, and the various social functions there held are greatly enjoyed by their many friends. Mr. Powell is an honored member of Barry lodge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M., the Royal Arch chapter. No. 88, and is also a member of the Eastern Star. He likewise belongs to the Court of Honor, the Knights of Pythias fraternity and Pike County Mutual Association, while his wife is an earnest member and active worker in the Methodist Epis- copal church. Both are highly esteemed for their genuine worth ; and Mr. Powell has made a most creditable business record, his keen insight into business situations, his ready mastery of intricate problems and his unfaltering diligence proving a safe and sure foundation upon which to rear the superstructure of his present prosperity. T. W. SHASTID, M. D. Di-. T. W. Shastid, who since 1856 has been engaged in the practice of medicine and is one of the venerable and honored members of the medical fraternity in Pittsfield, was born near Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, on the 26th of August, 1 83 1, a son of John G. and Elizabeth P). (Edwards) Shastid. The father was born at Green River, Kentucky, in 1798, and was of French lineage, his grandfather being a French Huguenot, who was born in the northern part of France. John G. Shastid was only eight years of age when he accompanied his parents on their removal to Tennessee, where he remained until Dr. T. W. SHASTID PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 351 1818, when he married Miss Elizabeth B.Edwards, who was born in Rutherford county, North Caro- lina, in 1794, and went with her parents at an early age to Tennessee. Following their mar- riage Mr. and i\Irs. Shastid resided in that state until 1828, when they came to Illinois, settling in Sangamon county, where JMr. Shastid entered land and engaged in farming and stock-raising until the year 1835. Becoming dissatisfied with that locality, he made arrangements to remove to Pike county, settling in Pittsiield on the 20th of January, 1836. He took up his abode in the town in order to educate his children and in this county he was engaged in farming, teaming and other pursuits for about seven years, when he was elected constable. In the meantime he was appointed deputy sheriff of Pike county, in which capacity he served for about eight years. He likewise acted as mail carrier and in the discharge of his various public duties displayed marked capability and fidelity. His death occurred on the 5th of February, 1874, while his wife passed away on the 8th of December, 1863. She was a devoted wife and mother and an earnest Christ- ian woman. Mr. Shastid was also a member of the church and commanded the respect and con- fidence of all who knew him. He spent his last days in the home of his son, Dr. Shastid, of this review. In their family were nine children. Dr. T. W. Shastid pursued his early education in Pittsfield and prepared for his chosen profes- sion in the medical department of the University of Missouri, at St. Louis, from which he was graduated in March, 1856. Before taking up the study of medicine, however, he taught for two terms and had pursued his preliminary reading under the direction of Dr. O. S. Campbell and Professor John T. Hodges, and also at Cincinnati under Dr. N. J. Elsenheimer, A. J. Ganvoort, Richard Schliewer and Frank A'an der Stucker. Following his graduation he came to Pittsfield, where he practiced for a year and then went to Pleasant Hill, where he remained for five and a half years, after which he returned to Pitts- field, where he has since been in active practice. He has been a frequent contributor to medical journals on his original investigation, resulting in gleaning many valuable truths that caused his writings to be a helpful addition to medical lit- erature. He is a member of the County, State and American Medical Associations and is now president of the Medical Society of Pittsfield. Everything that tends to bring to man the key to the complex mystery which we call life is of interest to him and in his practice he has con- tinually sought out new methods for the further alleviation of suffering and the restoration of health and has found in the faithful performance of each day's duty courage and strength for the labors of the succeeding day. On the 2d of August, i860. Dr. Snastid was married to Miss Mary F. Edwards, of Columbus, Ohio, and they had one child, William E., who is now a practicing physician of Pittsfield. Mrs. Shastid died on the loth of April, 1864, and on the 1st of October, 1865, the Doctor was again married, his second union being with Louise M. Flail, of Pittsfield, a daughter of Thomas Hall, Sr., and a sister of Thomas Hall, Jr., of this city. There have been three children by this marrige. Thomas Hall Shastid, born July 19, 1866, was educated in Pittsfield, at the Eureka College, at Eureka, Illinois, and Harvard University, from which classic institution he was graduated. He studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New York for two years, was grad- uated at the University of Vermont and is now practicing- medicine in Harrisburg, Illinois. He was married May 16, 1887, to Miss Fannie Cor- delia English, a sister of Harry English, a mer- chant of Pittsfield. Following his graduation Thomas Hall Shastid went to Europe, spent some time in study in Vienna, Austria, and also took post-graduate courses in German)^ He was grad- uated from the University of Michigan, receiving the degrees of A. M. .and LL. B. He practiced in Pittsfield for two years before his removal to his present home. He has not only attained prominence in the medical profession but has also gained more than local note as a writer of prose and poetry. One of his volumes, entitled "A Country Doctor," has his father as its main character. Jon Sheperd, born January 20, 1870, was educated in Pittsfield, began the study of music under his mother's direction, afterward studied under Professor George Crawford, of 352 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Pittsfield, and later went to Chicago, where he was a student under Professor LiebUng for a year. He then went to Wichita, Kansas, where he studied under Professor Metcalf, and during the succeeding two years was a pupil of Profes- sor E. M. Bowman in New York. He ne.xt es- tablished a conservatory of music in Pittsfield, which he conducted for six years, doing a fine business, and on the expiration of that period he went to New York, where he is now preparing for special work. Pie possesses superior talent that has already gained wide recognition, and he is making constant progress in his art. He mar- ried Miss Anna Barton, a daughter of Isaac Bar- ton, on the 6th of September, 1892, and on the 27th of February, 1895, she departed this life. Professor Shastid was again married November 3. 1897, to Miss Mary Barton, a daughter of John Barton and a native of this county. Joseph Cal- vin Shastid, born April 13, 1877, was educated in the Pittsfield schools, studied the foreign lan- guages under private teachers and took up the study of music under his brother Jon at the Con- servatory of Music in Pittsfield, where he was graduated on the 31st of November, 1895. He afterward became a student in the College of Music in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was under the private instruction of Albino Gorno and John Brockhoeven, studying the violin. He spent three years in that city, after which he went to St. Louis, where he studied under Professor Kroe- ger, director of music at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, remaining in that city for one year. He then returned home and established the Pitts- field Piano School, which he has since conducted. He has classes in both piano and harmony. In the spring of 1905 he returned to Cincinnati and was married to Miss Mabel Bradley, a daughter of H. C. Bradley, a large manufacturer of that city. Dr. Shastid is a republican and a member of the Masonic fraternity, while he and his family are all member.s of the Christian church. He has been medical examiner for several societies, and since the early days (if his residence in Pittsfield has maintained a firnminent position as a fore- most representative of the medical fraternity of Pike county. Moreo\'er, he is honored for his genuine personal worth and his prominence is none the less the result of professional skill than an irreproachable private life. He takes special delight in the study of philology, music, sculpture and painting". ROBERT E. CUNNINGHAM. Robert E. Cunningham, living on section 25, Hardin township, is one of the active and thrifty farmers and stock-raisers of the community, in which he has long made his home, and in the control of his farm of two hundred acres he shows thorough familiarity with modern methods and their practical utilization in the every-day af- fairs of business life. His birth occurred in Pike county, June 17, 1865. His father, Thomas Cun- ningham, was one of the early settlers of the county and assisted in the material development of this section of the state at a time when prog- ress and improvement had scarcely been begun. He married Miss Sarah Edmondson, a native of Ireland. He ov/ned and operated land near Griggsville for several years and after selling that property, bought two hundred and eighty acres where he now resides, continuing to devote his entire life to agricultural pursuits. He passed away upon this farm in February, 1902. His wife survives him, and now resides in Baylis. Robert E. Cunningham is the third in order of birth in a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters, and with the exception of one of the daughters all are yet living. He spent his youth in the usual manner of farmer lads, attend- ing the common schools and workiiig in the fields through the summer months. His father was given the benefit of his services until he attained his majority when he started out in life on his own account, and made arrangements for having a home of his own by his marriage to Miss Mar- garet Hunter, whom he wedded in Pittsfield on the 10th of February, 1904. She was born and reared in Newburg township near Pittsfield and was a daugliter of Robert Blunter, one of the early settlers and substantial farmers of the county, who cainc from Ireland to the new world when a lad of nine years. Prior to his marriage Mr. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 353 Cunningham had purchased the place upon which he now resides and had made some improvements there. He has built a good barn, also erected a substantial residence, and by well kept fences has divided the place into fields of convenient size. Through the careful rotation of crops, the use of good seeds and the proper cultivation of the soil he is enabled to gather annually good harvests ; and in connection with his fanning he raises good grades of stock, feeding and fatten- ing each year a large number of swine for the market. Mr. Cunningham commenced life emp- ty-handed, and has accumulated what he pos- sesses through his own efforts, becoming a sub- stantial resident of the community. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham have been born two daughters, Helen Edith and Sadie J. Politically he was a democrat where national is- sues were involved, but he is now independent in politics, having supported Theodore Roosevelt at the last election. Locally he votes for the men best qualified for office without regard to party affiliation. He belongs to the Odd Fellows lodge at Milton, and the Mutual Protective League. As the years have passed by his circle of acquaintances has been extended and the circle of his friends has grown proportionately. He possesses good traits of character which insure kindly regard ; and his genial nature has won for him the friendship of many with whom he has come in contact. WARREN S. SPENCER. Warren S. Spencer, interested in general farm- ing on section ii. Pleasant Vale township, is a native of Derry township. Pike county, born on the 22d of January, 1856, his parents being Franklin and Luretta (Pursley) Spencer. The father, a native of Kentucky, removed from that state to Missouri and subsequently came to Pike county, where he died July 25, 1856, when his son Warren was but five months old. He had followed farming in Derry township, having set- tled on three hundred and twenty acres of land when it was a wild timbered region. He had just began clearing his land when his life's labors were ended in death. Wild animals were very numerous in this part of the county at that time, and many hardships and trials incident to pioneer life were to be endured. Two sons survived the father's death : Thomas J., who was born in 1847, and is now living on the old homestead in Derry township ; and Warren S., of this review. After losing her first husband Mrs. Spencer be- came the wife of Joseph Turnbaugh, of Martins- burg township, where he died in November, 1886. Mrs. Turnbaugh is now living in Pittsfield in the enjoyment of a hale and hearty old age, having attained her eighty-first year on the 31st of July, 1905. There was one son of her second marriage, William B. Turnbaugh, of St. Louis. Warren S. Spencer was reared in Derry and Martinsburg townships, acquiring his education in the public schools of the latter. He started out in life on his own account at the age of seventeen years and worked as a farm hand until he had at- tained his majority, after which he gave his atten- tion to the cultivation and improvement of the old homestead, which he inherited. He lived upon that place until the spring of 1883, when he sold his property in Derry township, and bought one hundred and fifty acres of land, where he now re- sides, having made his home thereon continuously since. In addition to tilling the soil he raises and feeds considerable stock, making a specialty of feeding hogs for the market. He also raises shorthorn cattle; and both branches of his business are proving profitable. His farm is a fine prop- erty, located on the bluffs and on the river bot- toms, and he has erected here an attractive coun- try residence and substantial barn. None of the improvements of a model farm are lacking and all the evidences of careful supervision and prac- tical management are here seen. On the 2 1st of November, 1878, Mr. Spencer was united in marriage to Miss Belle Wheelan, who was born in Pleasant Vale township, Janu- ary 25, i860. She is a daughter of James and Isabcllc (Brown) Wheelan. Her father was born in Ireland in 1837 and came to St. Louis, Missouri, with his mother in 1848. He was a son of Richard and Mary (Scully) Wheelan ; and the former died in 1846, after which the mother 354 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. crossed the Atlantic with her son, making the voyage in a saihng vessel, which was six weeks and four da^•s upon the bosom of the Atlantic before dropping anchor in the harbor of New Orleans. They remained in St. Louis until 1855, when Mr. Wheelan came to Pike county, and en- tered the employ of ITorace Palmer, a blacksmith. Later he followed the same pursuit on his own account in Xew Canton until 1873, when he turned his attention to farming, and in 1877 he took up his abode upon a farm, which he had purchased in 1870, and on which he has resided continuously since. He has here two hundred and forty acres of fine land on section I, Pleasant Vale township, improved with a beautiful home and substantial buildings for the shelter of grain and stock. He was married in 1857 to Miss Isa- belle Brown, a native of Ireland, and of their seven children, four are yet living, namely : Mar\r, the wife of John Kendrick, of Pleasant Vale township; Mrs. Spencer; William, who re- sides with his father, having lost his wife, who bore the maiden name of Anna Brammel, and who at her death left three children : John B., James S. and George S. ; James G., who also lives with his father. He married Anna Hoverland, who has departed this life. One daughter, Ella, became the wife of John Lax, and at her death left a son, Alexander H. Rebecca married Ed. Fesler, and both are now deceased. They left two children, James W. and Ella W. Richard was the other member of the Wheelan family. The mother died in 1873 and in 1877 ^"I^- Whee- lan married Eliza Brown. He is a democrat and a Royal Arch Mason. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer have no children of their own, but have reared two of Mrs. Spencer's neph- ews, John B. and George S. Wheelan. In political views, he is a stalwart democrat, but without as- piration for office. Fraternally he belongs to Barry lodge. No. 336, I. O. O. F., of which he is a past noble grand ; and he is likewise affiliated with the encampment. His membership relations also extend to the Knights of Pythias lodge at New Canton; and his wife is a member of the Methodist church. In 1886 they went to Cali- fornia, spending the year in that sunny clime for the benefit of Mr. Spencer's health. He has been quite successful in his business operations; and his farm is well located, while the cultivation and improvement he has bestowed upon it have made it a valuable property ROBERT J. McCONNELL, M. D. Dr. Robert J. McConnell, engaged in the prac- tice of medicine in Ba)dis, is a native of Gilmer township, Adams county, born September 23, 1862, and is a son of Robert and Arma M. (Jack- son) McConnell, both of whom were natives of County Monaghan, Ireland. The father was bom December 18, 1804, and on the 7th of February, 1840, he wedded Arma Matilda Jackson, the mar- riage ceremony being performed by the Rev. John Blakely, pastor of the Presbyterian church at Monaghan, Ireland. Mrs. McConnell was born on the 20th of May, 1818, and following their marriage they remained residents of the Emerald Isle until the fall of 1857, when they started for America, landing at New Orleans on the 1st of January, 1858, remaining in the Cres- cent city until May of that year. Robert McCon- nell then made his way to Gilmer township, Adams county, and in the spring of 1873 removed to McKee township, of the same county. At the time of his death a local paper said : "He lived a sober and exemplary life, was a loving husband and the best of fathers, and was highly esteemed by his neighbors and all who knew him. He united \yith the Presbyterian church at an early age, and lived a consistent Christian life." His demise occurred September 4, 1892, and his widow survived until March 29, 1899, when she too, was called to her final rest. After the eight weeks' voyage to America, during which they encountered some severe weather and sailed out of their course, and following their residence of several months in New Orleans, thev became identified with farming interests in Gilmer town- ship, Adams county, and later purchased a farm in McKee township, which Mr. McConnell con- tinued to improve up to the time of his death. He built a new house there and in his later years en- joyed many of the comforts of life. In early PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 355 days his market was at Quincy, and he had to pay as high as three dollars and a half per bushel for seed wheat. This was in 1867, soon after the close of the Civil war, when prices were greatly inflated. In 1873 he drove his hogs to market at Mount Sterling, where he sold them at two dollars and a quarter per hundred pounds. He never cared for public office, but was a firm believer in republican principles and gave earnest support to the party. His widow survived him for several years and, like her husband, was a devoted member of the Presbyterian church. Her life was given to the welfare of her husband and children, and she counted no personal sacrifice too great if it would enhance the happiness of her loved ones. Her memorv is deeply cherished by all who knew her; and when she was called to her final rest her remains were interred bv the side of her husband in the Dunkard churchyard. In the family of this worthy couple were seven children, four of whom are now living, and with the exception of our subject all were born in Ire- land. Those who still survive are; William IT., a resident of Kellerville, Illinois, who married Miss IMartha Reid and has two sons and two daughters ; Mary, who is the widow of John S. Doole and resides in Keller\alle with her three sons ; John C, also living in Kellerville, and who married Belle Jones, by whom he has two chil- dren ; and Robert J., of this review. Upon the old homestead farm in Adams countv Dr. McConnell spent the days of his boyhood and early youth and acquired his preliminarv education in the district schools. He afterward attended the Gem City Business College in Quincy, Illinois, and the Western Normal School at Bu.shnell, Illinois. Having gained a good lit- erary knowledge to serve as the foundation for profess'ional learning, he began preparation for the practice of medicine as a student in Keokuk Medical College of Keokuk, Iowa, from which he was graduated in the class of i8gi. In the meantime, however, he had followed other busi- ness pursuits in order to acquire the funds nec- essary to enable his to pursue his collegiate course. He erected a building in which he con- ducted the first restaurant at Siloam Springs, in Brown county, Illinois. This was in 1885. He taught school in the winters of 1886, 1887, i^ and i88g, and the money which he was enabled to save from his earnings provided for his col- legiate education. He also taught writing school at night, acted as pension agent, and in fact, worked hard and persistently for the money to pay for his medical education. He first began reading under the direction of Dr. George W. Cox, of Clayton, Illinois, and he spent the sum- mers of 1889 and 1890 as a student in the office of Dr. John G. McKinney, of Barry, Pike county, assisting him in his sanitarium. Following his graduation he opened an office in Fishhook, Illi- nois, in May, 1891, and there remained for seven months, after which he came to Baylis, where he has since been located in the enjoyment of a large and growing practice. On the nth of November, 1894, Dr. McCon- nell was married to Miss Emma M. McCleery, who was born April 11, 1873, and is a daughter of John and Hannah E. (Farmer) McCleery. Her father was born in Pennsylvania, May 8, 183 1, and came to Illinois with his parents when but six years of age. His father was a farmer and John McCleery followed the same pursuit throughout his entire life. For manv years he sensed as supervisor of Hadley township. Pros- pering in his business undertakings, he was at one time owner of three hundred and eighty acres of rich and valuable land, and his attention was devoted to general agricultural pursuits and to stock-raising. In community affairs he was also actively and helpfully interested, and served as justice of the peace for many years and for a long period was school director. His political alle- giance was given to the republican party and he was a prominent and active member of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. When about twenty-two years of age he was married to Miss Hannah El- len Farmer, who was born in Tennessee, No- vember 3, 1833, and who now makes her home with Dr. and Mrs. McConnell. The death of Mr. McCleery occurred July 22, 1890, and was the occasion of deep regret in the community where he lived, for many friends esteemed him for his genuine worth. In their family were eight chil- dren, of whom six are now living; William H., residing in Salem, Dent county, Missouri, mar- 356 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ried Julia .\nn Hill, and has eight children. James A., a resident of Oklahoma, married Miss Alnora Atwood and has five children. Thomas A., of Pladley township, wedded Susanna Tolson and has six children. ]\Jartha E. is the wife of Jacob S. Stauffer, a banker of Ea)dis, by whom she has four children. Lucy E., is the wife of Jacob L. Tolson, of Barry, and has two children. Airs. ]\IcConnell completes the family. She was married at her mother's home November ii, 1894, and in Baylis both the Doctor and his wife have gained man)- warm friends who esteem them highly for their genuine worth and many good qualities. In his political views the Doctor is a stalwart republican but does not seek nor desire the honors nor emoluments of public office. The cause of education, however, finds in him a warm friend ; and he has been school director for nine vears and school trustee for three years. Fra- ternally he is connected with Summit lodge. No. 384, I. O. O. F., and both he and his wife are members of the Rebekah lodge, and is a member of the Modern Woodmen camp, and of the Grand Orient. She is a member of the Royal Neigh- bors. In the line of his profession Dr. McConnell is connected with the Pike County Medical So- ciety and the American Medical Association. He has made admirable progress in his profession since leaving school, for by broad reading and re- search he has continually added to his knowledge and promoted his efficiency. He has also done post-graduate work in Chicago, and has attended clinics in that city and in St. Louis. For the past ten years he has been surgeon for the Wabash Railroad Company in addition to the duties of a large private practice, and the community reposes much confidence in his professional abilitv while entertaining for him warm personal regard. FRANCIS AUBREY LONGNECKER. Francis Aubrey Longneckcr, station agent for the Wabash Railroad at Ivinderhook, was born .August 6, 1861. and is a son of A. B. and Nancv H. (Hull) Longnecker, the latter a daughter of Thomas LIull, who came here in 1831 and was one of the early settlers of Kinderhook township, wliere he engaged in preaching the gospel as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Longnecker was born in Randolph county, Illi- nois, April 8, 1829. A. B. Longnecker was born October 24, 1824, in Preble county, Ohio, and when a A'oimg man he was a gatekeeper at Alton penitentiary. Later he turned his attention to merchandising in Kinderhook following that pur- suit the greater part of his life. He died May 4, 1873, while his wife passed away near Griggs- ville, January 7, 1894. They were the parents of three children : Francis Aubrey, William A., a member of the Iowa Conference of the Meth- odist Episcopal church, and Mis. Thomas Simp- kin, Jr., of Griggsville, Illinois. The father was a republican in his political views ; and he be- longed to the Masonic fraternity, holding a mem- bership in the Kinderhook lodge and also in the chapter at Clayton, Illinois. Francis A. Longnecker was educated in the public schools of Kinderhook and Griggsville and learned telegraphy in the Kinderhook office. He was afterward operator at Valley City for six months and subsequently at Barry for two years, and has been agent at Kinderhook since the 14th of April, 1887, covering a period of nineteen consecutive years. His entire life has been de- voted to this business, and he is a popular and efficient employe of the railroad, his unfailing courtesy and obliging manner winning for him the friendlv regard of the patrons of the Kinder- hook office. In connection with his other duties, Mr. Longnecker has for ten years had charge of the sand and gravel pit east of Kinderhook, where he does a good business. He shipped out three hundred and fiftv carloads of sand and gravel in the year 1905, shipping mostly to Springfield and Jacksonville, where the product is used for side- walks and in concrete work. He is also interested in two telephone systems, having eight lines cen- tering in Kinderhook and connecting with va- rious farms in this part of the county and with adjacent towns. On November 19, 1889, Mr. Longnecker was married to Miss Lottie Colvin, a daughter of J. C. Colvin, a merchant of Kinderhook. Her mother bore the maiden name of Ann Andrews ; PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 357 and the parents came from Hartford, Connecti- cut, to Illinois, where the father engaged in the milling business and also carried on general mer- chandising at Kinderhook. He was a good busi- ness man, and at his death left a valuable farm of two hundred and forty acres of rich land. His political allegiance was given to the democracy, he served as township school trustee for fifteen years and was also collector for several years. He belonged to the Masonic lodge and was a man whom to know was to respect and honor. He died March 23,1900, and his wife is still living, making her home with her daughter, Mrs. Long- necker. Mr. Longnecker is a member of the Modern Woodmen camp at Kinderhook, and has acted as clerk of the lodge since its organization sev- enteen years ago. He is also a member of Kin- derhook lodge. No. 353, A. F. & A. M., of Barry chapter. No. 88, R. A. M., and of the former has been secretary for three years. His wife is a member of the Baptist church. He has a nice home, and is one of the foremost residents of Kinderhook. His political affiliation is with the prohibition party ; and he was village treasurer for several terms. In manner he is social ard genial, well known and well liked. F. MARION CRANE, M. D. Dr. F. Marion Crane, successfully engaged in the practice of medicine and surger)' in Pittsfield, was born near this city upon the home farm in Newburg township, July 20, 1862, his parents being Lafayette and Susan U. (Leeds) Crane. The mother is now living in Newburg township at the age of seventy-seven years. The parents removed to Illinois from Ohio, and were natives, of the Buckeye state and Pennsylvania respect- ively. They located in Pike county at an early epoch in its development, and Lafayette Crane devoted his attention to the various pursuits of farming, carpentering and cabinet-making.. His later years, however, were given entirely to agri- cultural pursuits, and he continued upon the home farm until his death, which occurred in 1863, at the age of sixty-eight years. In his fam- ily were three daughters, who are residents of Newburg township — Mrs. D. B. Rose, Mrs. R. M. Weeks and Mrs. Eliza A. Fenton. Dr. Crane also has one living brother, A. D. Crane, a farmer, residing on the old homestead; and there is also a half-brother, Felix L. Crane, who is located in StafTord county, Kansas. One brother is deceased, Eli L., and also a half-brother, Ezra. Both Ezra and Felix were born in Ohio. George W., another brother, died at the age of fourteen years, and one sister, Mary Elizabeth, died in infancy. Dr. Crane was reared in Pike county, and in its schools acquired his early education, which was supplemented by three years' attendance at the Illinois State Normal University at Normal. He early became familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist upon the home farm. He read medicine with Dr. J. Smith Thomas, of Pleasant Hill, Illinois, while teaching school in that section, and subsequently matricu- lated in Rush Medical College of Qiicago, where he completed the regular course in 1892. Im- mediately afterward he entered upon the prac- tice of medicine with Dr. Thomas, at Pleasant Hill, with whom he was associated for three and a half years. On the expiration of that period he went to the Hawiian Islands as one of the gov- ernment physicians, but upon returning home for his family to take them to the islands he was taken ill with typhoid fever, and his wife con- tracted the same disease three days later. He then resigned his position, and has since prac- ticed in Pittsfield with constantly growing suc- cess, keeping in touch with the progress that is continually being made by the medical fraternity as investigation, research and experiment pro- mote the efficiency of its followers. He practices along modern, scientific lines, and has recently completed and occupies a fine new office building near his home, supplied with all modern equip- ments. He owns a splendid compound toepler- holtz static machine of the Nelson type, on which he can use all static currents including theX-Ray. Dr. Crane was married to Miss Eva H. Platt- ner, who was born and reared in Pittsfield, and is a daughter of A. W. Plattner, an undertaker 358 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of this city. The Doctor and his wife have two children : Florine May, who was born at Pleas- ant Hill, Illinois, in 1894; and Russell Andrew, whose birth occurred in Pittsfield in 1896. The parents are members of the Christian church ; and Dr. Crane is a republican in his political views, but without aspiration for office. He is serving on the official board of the church and takes an active and helpful interest in its work. He is also a member of the school board, and was on the pension board until it resigned bodily, a new board being later appointed. In the line of his profession he is connected with the Pike Count}' and Illinois State Medical Societies and the American ]\Iedical Association, and is vice presi- dent of the first named. The profession as well as the general public recognize his skill and learning. He maintains a high standard of pro- fessional ethics, and by reading and research is continually broadening his knowledge so that he is well qualified to meet the responsibilities that devolve upon him in connection with the impor- tant work he has chosen as his life vocation. WILLIAM H. BROWN. William H. Brown, the owner of six hundred acres of valuable land in Pike county and also well known in commercial circles as a dealer in hard and soft coal at Maysville, was born in Griggsville township on the loth of November, 1867, a son of Henry R. and Jane (Chapman) Brown. The father's bii'th occurred in Brown county, Ohio, July 15, 1821, and he was a son of William Brown, -.Sr., a well known pioneer resi- dent of Pike county. Henry Brown came to Illinois in 1834, making his wav at once to this county and establishing his home on section 29, Griggsville township. He followed a breaking plow and dropped corn on the Griggsville prairie, the rows being one mile in length. He was em- ployed at that work by George W. Jones, who has since passed away. Mr. Brown also worked in a cotton gin in Morgan county for about three years and like other boys of that early dav he was largely deprived of educational advantages and was compelled to undergo many hardships and privations incident to the settlement of the frontier. He saw the first steamboat that sailed on the waters of the Illinois river and was a witness of many of the historic events which have marked the development of this county. He also saw detr running wild on the prairies, there being twenty or more in a drove, but he never shot one. Henry R. Brown was married first to Miss Harriet Park on the i8th of January, 1842, and just two years later she passed away, leaving one son, George A¥., who was born November 18, 1843. He served his country in the Civil war as a member of the Union army and died July 7, 1900. On the 22d of December, 1847, Henry R. Brown was married to Miss Jane Cliapman, a daughter of E. W. Chapman, deceased, well known in early history of Pike county. By this marriage there were eight children. John O., who was born October 13, 1848, and married Miss Ella Eastman, is now engaged in cultivating a farm of about five hundred acres in Kansas. Mary ]., born June 16, 1850 is the wife of John F. Wat- kins, a farmer of Griggsville township. Sarah F., born May 17, 1852, is the wife of Dr. W. 0. Skinner, a resident of Griggsville. William E., born August 12, 1854, died May 6, 1855. Julia A., born November 8, 1856, has also passed away. Flora E., born January 12, 1862, died January 10, 1867. Captain Amos W. Brown, born Decem- ber 17, 1863, married Louise Lewis and they now reside in Kansas, where he follows farming and in 1902-3 he raised thirty thousand bushels of wheat. William H. completes the family. The father, Henry R. Brown, long an active, enterprising, prosperous and honored agricul- turist of Pike county, passed away June 7, 1903, when eighty-two years of age, and his wife, who was born in 1823, is now living in her eighty- second year, at the present writing visiting her sons in Kansas. William H. Brown, reared under the parental roof, acquired his elementary education in the public schools and afterward attended Illinois College at Jacksonville. He was early trained to habits of industry, economy and enterprise upon the old homestead farm and was associated MR. AND MRS. W. H. BROWN MR. AND MRS. H. R. BROWN PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 363 with his father in business until the latter's death. In recent years he had more and more relieved his father of the care and arduous duties incident to a business career and since his demise he has been farming the old homestead, comprising six hundred acres of rich and productive land. He also raises and feeds stock on an extensive scale, having a feed shed two hundred by two hundred feet with fifty feeding chutes. In 1904 he fed over five hundred head of cattle and he now has on hand about two hundred head of cattle and between five and six hundred head of hogs. He is the most extensive live stock shipper in this locality, buying cattle all over the county and his business has reached mammoth and profitable proportions. He also has coal sheds at Maysville and is a dealer in both soft and hard coal, which likewise adds materially to his annual income. In Januar}', 1906, he traded a farm of one hun- dred and sixty acres, in Brown county, for a well improved place of three hundred and twenty acres in Butler county, Kansas, three miles from Latham. On the 4th of November, 1902, Mr. Brown was married to Miss Josie A. Mink, who was bom in Salem township. Pike county, December I, 1882, a daughter of Jacob D. and Catherine (Chipman) Mink, the former born in Ohio in 1852 and the latter in Pike county, Illinois, in 1858. Her father is a farmer and stock-raiser in Salem township, cultivating about five hundred and twenty acres of land. He came to this state when young and in limited financial circumstances but gradually he worked his way upward and has found that success is ambition's answer. His political allegiance is given to the democracy. In his family were three sons and six daughters, as follows : Jessie, the wife of Ralph Gleckler ; William H. ; Ruth, the wife of William Dean; Rachel ; Grover ; Frank, who died in his seventh year ; Eunice R. ; Mamie ; and Emmett. Mr. Brown has never cared for public office but has always preferred to give his undivided attention to his business afifairs and in connec- tion with his other interests is a stockholder in the Illinois Valley Bank at Griggsville. He votes, however, with the republican party and he is a member of Pike lodge, No. 73, I. O. O. F., 19 at Griggsville, while his wife is connected with Dove lodge of the Rebekah order. They are highly esteemed people of the community, repre- senting worthy and prominent pioneer families and the hospitality of manjr of the best homes is freely accorded them. Mr. Brown is a man of excellent business ability, of keen discernment and unfaltering enterprise, and keeps in touch with the modern trend of thought and progress in relation to agricultural and commercial pursuits. ROBERT YATES BARNES. Robert Yates Barnes, vice president of the Farmers Bank of Baylis, also a representative of agricultural and stock-raising interests, is ac- counted one of the active business men of his vil- lage and community, and the extent and impor- tance of his business operations have brought him a good financial return and at the same time have made him a factor in the advancement of general prosperity. He was born April 6, 1861, in Pike county, his parents being Nathan L. and Mar- garet (Cunningham) Barnes. The father was born March 15, 1833, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and was a son of William and Sarah (Lawson) Barnes, of Pennsylvania, who came to Pike county, Illinois, in the fall of 1854 and located near Baylis, buying a farm of one hundred and twenty acres on section 24, New Salem township. The grandfather was exten- sively engaged in raising stock, making a spe- cialty of cattle and horses. He spent his remain- ing years here, passing away September 4, 1884, while his wife died in 1868. Nathan L. Barnes was educated in the com- mon schools of Pennsylvania and remained at home until the removal of the family to Pike county, after which he entered business life here by working as a farm hand by the month. Sub- sequently he returned to the Keystone state, and was there married to Miss Margaret Cunningham in 1855. He brought his bride to Pike county, and she engaged in teaching school, and thus assisted him in gaining a start. He \yas paid a dollar and a quarter per day for his labor, and 364 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was thus eniploYcd for six months, after which he rented land for three years. On the expira- tion of that period with the capital he had man- aged to save from his earnings he bought a farm of one hundred and seventy acres about a mile and a quarter south of Baylis. To this he has added until he now owns three hundred acres of valuable land, and his farm is a well improved property, the well tilled fields yielding him ex- cellent harvests annually. He has placed all of the buildings upon his farm, and has cleared most of the land. He has engaged quite extensively in the stock business ; and although he came to this county a poor boy, he is to-day one of its pros- perous citizens — a fact which is attributable en- tirely to his own efforts. In 1863 he was called^ upon to mourn the loss of his wife. In October, 1905, he removed from his farm to Baylis, where he is now living a retired life, resting in the en- joyment of the fruits of his former toil. He is a member of the Presbyterian church ; and his political views are those of a prohibitionist. He is numbered among the early settlers of Pike countv, and, moreover, is a citizen whom to know is to respect and honor because of his fidelity to manly principles in all life's relations. His in- fluence is ever given on the side of right, justice and truth, and he advocates every movement which tends to ameliorate the hard conditions of mankind or to uplift humanity intellectually and morally. Robert Yates Barnes was educated in the com- mon schools of Pike county and remained at home until twenty-one years of age when he trav- eled through the west, visiting Colorado, Cali- fornia and Washington. He spent^ two years in the west, being in Seattle in 1882, when there were but five thousand inhabitants in the city. In 1884 he returned to Pike county and entered upon the occupation to which he had been reared. For a year he remained upon the home farm and then went to Missouri for the winter, but in the spring returned to this county and resumed general agricultural pursuits. He made his first purchase of land in 1887, becoming the owner of sixty acres in .\dams county, Illinois, which he sold in 1894. He then bought where he now lives, owning one hundred and sixty acres of fine land, which adjoins Baylis and is splendidly lo- cated. Flis farm is on section 12, Hadley town- ship, and is a well improved property, the fields having been brought under a high state of culti- vation, while the fences are well kept and the buildings are in good repair. He has a fine home, tasteful in its furnishings and attractive in its surroundings. He keeps a large amount of cattle, hogs and horses and is a lover of good horses, having now in his possession some fine coach horses and also some fine driving stock. Moreover, he figures prominently in financial cir- cles in the county as the vice president of the Farmers Bank, with which be has been con- nected since its organization. In fact he was one of the organizers and is a stockholder, and from the beginning has occupied his present official connection therewith. In 1885 Mr. Barnes was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Davidson, who was born September 4, 1859, and is a daughter of William and Susan (Hartman) Davidson, of Adams county, Illinois. Her father was a farmer by occupa- tion; but both he and his wife are now deceased. Unto Mr. and Airs. Barnes have been born two sons and a daughter : Arthur L., who was born March 22, 1887, was graduated from the high school at Baylis in 1905, and is living at home; Ralph D., bom March 15, 1888, was educated in Baylis, and is also with his parents ; Alta May, born May 16, 1892, died in 1897. Mr. Barnes has always voted with the repub- lican party, but does not seek nor desire the honors nor emoluments of public office. He served on the town board, however, and was a school director for years. He is a member of the i\Iod- ern Woodmen camp. No. 593, of Baylis, and of the Mutual Protective League. His wife and elder son are members of the Methodist church, and Mr. Barnes contributes generously to its sup- port. He keeps thoroughly informed concern- ing the conditions of the village and commu- nity, and gives active co-operation to many meas- ures for the public good. As the years have gone bv he has developed extensive business in- terests which have proven to him a profitable source of income, and his life of industry is in- dicative of the fact that faithfulness to duty and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 365 strict adherence to a fixed purpose in life will do more to advance a man's interests than wealth or advantageous circumstances. ROBERT A. ANDERSON. Robert A. Anderson is a self-made man who as the result of his industry, economy and well di- rected labors in former years is now enabled to live retired in the enjovment of a comfortable competence. He makes his home in Griggsville, but for many years was identified with agricul- tural pursuits in Pike county. His birth oc- curred in Durham county, England, on the 3d of October, 1828, and when eleven years of age he started out in life on his own account, since which time he has depended upon his own re- sources for everything that he has secured and enjoyed. His parents were Anthony and Han- nah (]\Ieggeson) Anderson, the foniier born in England in 1797, while the mother's birth oc- curred in England about 1799. Thev were mar- ried at Houghton Lee Springs, in Durham county, England, and the father died in his na- tive country' in 1850, having for a number of years survived his wife, who passed away in 1836, when thirty-seven years of age. They had a family of five children, all of whom are living in Griggsville at the present time : Ralph, who was born in 1822 and is therefore eighty-three years of age; William, born February 22. 1825; Robert A., of this review: Jane, bom June 20. 1830; and John IM., born August 20. 1833. Robert A. Anderson remained a resident of England until twenty-one years of age, when in compan}- with his brother Ralph he took passage on a sailing vessel which weighed anchor at Liv- erpool in ]\Iay. 1850. They landed at New York in July on the day that President Taylor was laid to rest. They did not tarr}' long in the east- ern metropolis, however, but went up the Hud- son river to Albany, thence by rail to Buffalo, New York, and by steamboat to Chicago, on the Michigan and Illinois canal to LaSalle and thence by boat down the Illinois river to Griggsville Landing. On the ist of October. 1S51, Robert A. Anderson started on the return trip to Eng- land by the same route and remained in his na- tive country until March, 1852, when he came again to the LTnited States accompanied by his younger brother and sister. They were pas- sengers on a sailing vessel which after a voyage of nine weeks dropped anchor in the harbor of New Orleans, whence they came by steamboat direct to Griggsville Landing. j\Ir. Anderson at once began farming on a tract of four hundred and forty acres of Jand which the brothers purqliased conjointly, and his time and energies were given to agricultural pursuits until 1866, when he and his sister and brother John returned to England on a visit. In 1867 they came once more to the United States and remained upon the farm until 1873, when Mr. Anderson purchased for them a home in the city of Griggsville, where they now reside. He and his younger brother and sister have always lived together. A\'hile upon the home farm he was en- gaged in raising Durham shorthorn cattle, hav- ing onlv standard-bred animals. He followed that business for a number of years, purchasing im- ported stock, and found it a profitable source of income. For a long period he was accounted one of the thrifty farmers and stock-raisers of Pike county, and continued in business with his brother until 1873, since which time he has lived a retired life. The farm is located on section 5, Flint township, and consists of three hundred acres, and is still managed by the brothers, being rented to ;\Ir. Henry Anderson, a nephew, and son of ^^'illiam Anderson. In June, 1867, Mr. Anderson attended the Paris Exposition for fif- teen days. In later years he has spent several fall seasons hunting large game in Wyoming, finding this a pleasurable source of recreation. He has never cared for public office for himself, but has always opposed misrule in municipal af- fairs, and has advocated the election of citizens of known ability and integritv to office. For sev- enteen years he was treasurer of the Griggsville Farmers Fire & Lighting Insurance Company. Islr. Anderson deserves much credit for what he has accomplished in life, as he had no pecuniary assistance when he started out for himself at the early age of eleven years. He depended upon the 366 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. safe and substantial qualities of earnest labor and straightforward dealing, and upon these as a foundation has builded the superstructure of his success as the years have gone by. DR. R. R. POLLOCK. Dr. R. R. Pollock, of Nebo, who is one of the prominent bankers and financiers of Pike county, and for many years has been recognized as a lead- ing business man in this part of the state, dates his residence in the county from 1866. He was born in LTnion county, Ohio, on the 28th of Feb- ruary, 1843, 'I'^d is' a son of John D. Pollock, a native of Delaware, whose birth occurred in 181 1. The paternal grandfather, Robert Pollock, was born December 23, 1784, and married Afergaret Llurley, October 2, 1806. He removed from Del- aware to Ohio, becoming an early settler of LTn- ion county and there John D. Pollock was reared and educated. He married !AIiss Rachel G. Dy- sert, who was born in Union county, Ohio, in 1817. He devoted his attention -to farming in that county until his removal to Illinois, at which time he took up his abode upon a farm in Edgar county. Subsequently he became a resident of Aurora, Illinois, where he spent his last )'ears in honorable retirement from further labor, enjoy- ing the fruits of his former toil. His death oc- curred in that city in 1897. His widow still sur- vives him and now resides with Dr. Pollock, a hale and hearty old lady of eighty-eight years. Dr. Pollock went to Illinois in early life and there was reared. He attended the common schools, and afterward continued his studies in Abingdon College, having in the meantime studied also in the schools of Des Moines, Iowa. On the 27th of July, 1861, when eighteen years of age, he responded to the country's call for troops, and with patriotic ardor joined Company A. Tenth Iowa A^olunteer Infantry. He enlisted as a private and so served until September 28, 1S65, when he was honorably discharged, after having been with the army for three years and two months. Lie participated in a number of promi- nent and important engagements, including the battles of luka, Corinth, the Siege of Vicksburg and Mission Ridge. He was also at Lookout Mountain and was at Kingston, Georgia, at the expiration of his term of service, after which he was honorably discharged and mustered out. Dr. Pollock then returned to Des Moines, Iowa, where he continued his education, while later he became a student in Abingdon College at Abing- don, Illinois. He took up the study of medicine there under the direction of his brother, and at- tended his first course of lectures in 1870 in Jef- ferson Medical College at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. The following year he began practice in Nebo, where he has remained continuously since as an active and able representative of his pro- fession. Lie attended his last course at Keokuk, Iowa, in 1877 and 1878, and was graduated in the latter year. He built up a large lucrative prac- tice, becoming recognized as one of the capable members of the medical fraternit)^ in Pike county. He also established and carried on a drug store in Nebo for a number of years. As his financial resources have increased he has made judicious investments in real estate and now owns several farms in Spring Creek and Pleasant Hill town- ships. In 1903 he established the Bank of Nebo, and erected a large neat brick bank building, two stories in height. This building includes the post- office and store on the ground floor and offices above. The Doctor is president of the bank while his youngest son is cashier. It has become a strong financial institution and a general bank- ing business is carried on, a liberal patronage hav- ing already been secured. Dr. Pollock has also aided materially in the upbuilding and progress of the town of Nebo, where he owns a neat residence and also about forty acres of land within the town limits. Dr. Pollock was married in Pleasant Hill in August, 1866, to Miss Anna E. Ferguson, a na- tive of Pike count}', who was reared and edu- cated in Abingdon, Illinois, where she became acquainted with her husband. She is a daughter of James H. and Eliza Ferguson, early settlers of Pike county. Dr. and Mrs. Pollock have be- come the parents of three sons and two daugh- ters : Robert Cleon, of Peoria, Illinois, who is married and has two children; John R., who is- PAST AND PRESENl' OF PIKE COUNTY. 367 a practicing physician represented elsewhere in this work ; Ralph Waldo, who is cashier of the bank; and Nellie and Alice both at home. The daughters have been afforded liberal educational privileges, and Alice is a normal university grad- uate, having received excellent training in teach- ing. Nellie is a graduate of Wesleyan College of Alusic, Eloomington, Illinois. Dr. Pollock is independent in his political views and supports the best men regardless of party afifiliations. He is enterprising and watchful of opportimities both for his individual interests and for the public welfare, and public opinion is not divided concerning his ability in his pro- fession and in business life and his worth as a citizen. ERNEST E. WILLIAMSON. Ernest E. Williamson, editor and proprietor of The Independent Press of Griggsville, one of the leading papers of Pike county, is a progres- sive young man and has been quite successful since taking charge of this paper. He is a native of Pike county and was born in the city of Pittsfield, March 16, 1870. The Wil- liamsons are of mingled Irish, Scotch and Welsh ancestry. The father of our subject, whose name was Thomas, was a native of Ohio, and a son of Jesse Williamson, a native of Highland county, that state, he having been born there in an early day. He was reared there to the life of a farmer, and was married to Martha Sloan, also a native of Highland county. After the birth of their children, he brought his family to Illinois in 1857, journeying hither by land and settling on a farm in Detroit township. Pike county. His land was somewhat improved and he spent the remain- der of his active life in developing a farm. After the death of his wife in 1869, he retired from business, removed from Detroit township, and went to Pittsfield, where his death occurred only a few years ago, at the advanced age of nearly ninety years. Thomas Williamson, the father of our sub- ject, was one of the younger of his mother's children and he was reared in Ohio until he at- tained manhood, having been bred to the life of a farmer. Pie was married there to Esther Slagle, who was born in West Virginia, and came of southern parentage and German ancestry. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Williamson moved to Illinois and settled in Detroit township. Pike county. He subsequently went to Pittsfield and engaged in the drug business. He now resides in Jacksonville, Illinois. He had the misfortune to lose his wife, who died in their home in Pitts- field, July 4, 1873, when she was less than forty years of age. She was a kind neighbor, a true friend, a devoted wife and a loving mother. She was an earnest Christian and was identified with the Methodist Episcopal church. She was the mother of two children, our subject and his brother Raymond, the latter of whom resides at El Reno, Oklahoma. Ernest Williamson was quite young when he was deprived of the care of his mother and for a time was reared by his father and maternal grand- mother, Julia A. Slagle, of Pittsfield, the latter of whom died September 10, 1888. It was while living with her that he secured a practical edu- cation in the city schools of Pittsfield. At the age of fourteen and while still attending school he learned typesetting in the Old Flag office at Pitts- field, later worked on the Democratic Herald for a short period and at the age of sixteen he entered upon the work which led him into journalism, as he then secured a situation in the printing office of the Pike County Democrat, edited by Hon. J. M. Bush, Sr. He became familiar with general newspaper business, and for a year before he left to take control of his first paper, he was foreman of the Pike County Democrat. He became proprie- tor of The Independent Press in the month of June, 1889, which he did not change in title or politics, which is strickly independent. It is a six-column quarto sheet, with a full line of local and general news and is popular wherever it circulates. It has continued to prosper since it came in posses- sion of Mr. Williamson, who succeeded Arnold Plughes, who founded the paper in 1879. It now has a circulation of one thousand two hun- dred copies weekly, and it is considered one of the most newsy and well edited papers of the day. 368 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Mr. Williamson was married April 2, 1891, to Miss Jessie, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles T. Kenney, of Griggsville. They have three children, Helen Louise, born September 10, 1894; Kenney Ernest, born April 7, 1899; ^"'^ Raymond, born June 26, 1903. XAVIER CAREEN. Xavier Carlen, better known as Charles Carlen, is an enterprising agriculturist of Pleasant Vale township, and is also an honored veteran of the Civil war. He was born on the Rhine in Erance, June 3, 1832, and was the only child of Charles and Catherine (Lougel) Carlen. The father was a farmer by occupation and both he and his wife were members of the Lutheran church. They died many years ago, Mr. Carlen at the age of fifty-two years and Mrs. Carlen when forty- three )'ears of age. Charles Carlen of this review was educated in the common schools of his native country and continued his residence there until twenty-five years of age, when, attracted by the favorable reports that he had heard concerning business opportunities and advantages in the United States, he came to America in 1857, landing in New York. He traveled for a number of years before taking up his abode permanently in Pike county. He was first married to Polly Meeks of this county, the wedding taking place in 1866. They had four children : Lewie, the wife of William Battle, who is living in Eldara ; Lizzie, the wife of Jacob Moyer, a resident of Hadley township ; Charles, at home ; and Emma, the wife of George Watson, a resident of Peoria, Illinois. The wife and mother died in 1873, and it was not until 1891 that Mr. Carlen was again married, in which year he wedded Mrs. Rosella Eox, nee Saxbury. She was born in New Canton, Pike county, August 17, 1857, was the widow of William Eox and is the daughter of Edison Saxbury. He was a schoolmate of Martin Van Buren and was one of the first white men to establish a home within the borders of this county and aid in its recla- mation for the uses of civilization. Edison Sax- bury became a farmer and devoted his attention to the tilling of the soil until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when, on the 13th of August, 1862, he enlisted as a member of Company C, Ninety-ninth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers under Captain M. D. Massie. He was with the army for three years, and was then honorably discharged July 31, 1865, at Baton Rouge, Louis- iana. Eollowing his return to Pike county he resumed farming and spent his remaining days here. His birth occurred in 1827 and he departed this life May 25, 1895, at the age of sixty-eight years. By her first marriage Mrs. Carlen had four children : Walter and Edward both living near our subject; Stella, the wife of Fred Wilson, of Eldara ; and Lena, the wife of Frank Strater, who is assistant postmaster at Carthage, Illi- nois. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Carlen has been born one son, George. Mr. Carlen had been a resident of the new world only four years when the country be- came involved in the Civil war. He informed him- self concerning the conditions of the times and the great questions under discussion and believ- ing in the justice of the Union cause he enlisted on the 1st of August, 1861, as a member of Com- pany H, Tenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until honorably discharged, December 31, 1863, at Larkinson, Alabama. He re-enlisted there as a veteran on the ist of Feb- ruary, 1864, and was appointed fifth corporal of Company H, Tenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, receiving the appointment on the 5th of Novem- ber, 1864, from Colonel P. P. Henderson, who was in command of the regiment. While at the front Mr. Carlen participated in the movements of the armies under Generals Grant, Sherman, McPherson, Logan, Ploward and Dodge, taking part in a number of hotly contested engagements, and on the 15th of August, 1865, was honorably discharged at Little Rock, Arkansas. Eollowing the close of hostilities Mr. Carlen took up his abode in Pleasant Vale township, where he purchased eighty acres of land from Captain Massie's father-in-law. This was in the midst of the forest and there with the green woods all around him he beg-an the arduous task of clearing and improving a new farm. He first PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 369 lived in a log shanty and there he put forth stren- uous effort to develop his land and to care for his family, for his wife left him with four children, whom he reared himself, putting forth every eflfort in his power for their welfare, comfort and happiness. As the years passed he prospered in his undertakings and in addition to the tract of land which he now owns he also operates one hundred and twenty acres adjoining his place. He has good buildings and improvements upon his farm and a glance will serve to indicate to the passerby the careful supervision of a pains- taking effort of a practical and progressive owner. In his political views Mr. Carlen is a republican. He belongs to Amos Morey post. No. 617, G. A. R., at New Canton and his wife is a member of the Christian church. There is no more loyal citizen in Pike county than this adopted son who from the early years of his residence in America has manifested a sincere and deep attachment to the stars and stripes. Local advancement as well as national progress is a cause dear to his heart and his co- operation has always been depended upon in matters of general improvement and progress here. The hope that led him to seek a home in America has been more than realized for he has found good business opportunities here, the utilization of which has resulted in the acquire- ment of a comfortable property and at the same time he has won many warm friends among his neighbors and fellow townsmen in Pike county. W. A. BAKER. W. A. Baker, of Pleasant Hill, usually called Judge Baker, is one of the prominent citizens of Pike county and one of the few remainino- early settlers. For years he was a manufacturer of tobacco and his well-directed activity resulted in making him one of the prosperous citizens of his community. Fie dates his residence in Illinois from 1844 and has made his home in Pike county since 1865. His birth occurred in Ohio on the 28th of September, 1825, his father being George W. Baker, who was born in West Union, Ohio, where his childhood and youth were passed. He became a blacksmith by trade, carried on a shop at West Union and conducted a successful busi- ness. At that place he was married and in 1831 he removed to Kentucky, locating in Gallatin count}-, where he carried on business for a long period, spending his remaining days there. Judge Baker was reared in Kentucky, where he received fair school advantages. He came to Illinois as a yotmg man about 1844, locating at Carthage, Hancock county, where he turned his attention to merchandising, following that pursuit for about four years. In 1850 he removed to Louisiana, Missouri, where he engaged in the manufacture and sale of tobacco, continuing in the trade at that point for sixteen years, after which he came to Pike county, settling first in Barry. He there continued in the tobacco trade for a few years, after which he removed to El- dara, where he engaged in the manufacture of to- bacco for about two years. In 1870 he came to Pleasant Plill, where he continued in the tobacco business for three years. While living in Carthage, Hancock county, Mr. Baker was united in marriage to Miss Louisa E. Conklin, who was born in Ohio but was reared in Hancock county, Illinois. This union has been blessed with five children : W. V., at home ; Ida, the wife of Richard Turner, of Oregon ; Duane, a telegraph operator now at home ; and Elmer, who carries on a harness business in Pleasant Hill. He married Gertrude Gelvin and they have a son, Ralph. Mr. and Mrs. Baker also lost one daughter, Clara, who grew to womanhood, was married and died in 1882, leaving three children. Judge Baker has been a stalwart democrat since casting his first presidential ballot in 1848. He has never once missed a presidential election and has always stood loyally by the principles which he believes to contain the best elements of good government. He was elected justice of the peace in Derry township and long filled the same office in Pleasant Plill. He has also served as police justice for years, his incumbency in the two positions covering thirty years. He has like- wise been notary public and has frequently been chosen as a delegate to the county and congres- sional conventions. His residence in the countv 370 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. covers more than a half century, during which time he has witnessed its growth and progress, watcliing its transformation from an unbroken wilderness and swamp to a district of rich fer- tility with splendidly developed farms, in the midst of which are thriving villages or more pre- tentious cities. His life has been a useful one and his influence has ever been given on the side of improvement and progress. He was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife in 1895, her death occurring in Pleasant Hill. She was an esti- mable lady and like her husband, enjoyed the warm regard of many friends. Mr. Baker made a cred- itable record in business circles and his official record is equally commendable, for at all times he has been found faithful to duty and loyal to the trust reposed in him. M. D. KING. M. D. King, the junior member of the milling firm of Dow & King, the leading representatives of this line of industrial activity in Pike county, has advanced from a humble financial position to one of affluence entirely through his own ef- forts. His connection with the present busi- ness covers a long period and began as a general utility man about a mill. Gradually his ability and worth won recognition and to-day he is half owner of what is now one of the largest and most profitable enterprises of Pittsfield. Mr. King was born near Springfield, Hamp- den county, Massachusetts, in 1849, ^ s^)'"^ ^^ Dwight and Martha (Vinton) King, and a repre- sentative in the eighth generation of the King family of Massachusetts, the first American an- cestors having crossed the Atlantic in 1640. His father, who was a fanner by occupation, was born in Massachusetts in 18 10 at a period before any railroads were built in the state. In the fam- ily were three sons and a daughter : Mrs. Julia Waterman, the wife of Dr. Waterman, of Elgin, Illinois : Frank M., who is living in Munson, Massachusetts; Henry A., engaged in the practice of law at Springfield, Illinois ; and M. D., of this review. In the public schools of his native state M. D. King acquired his education and in the spring of 1873 came to the west, then a young man of twentv-three years. He was attracted by the opportunities of this growing section of the coun- try and after spending several months in Mis- souri he came to Pike county in June, 1873, for the purpose of attending the funeral of Colonel Ross. He was pleased with the city and accepted a position in the mill owned and operated by C. P. Chapman & Company being first employed as a general man about the office and mill. He steadily advanced from one position to another and on the death of Mr. Chapman acquired a' half interest in the business, which is now con- ducted under the firm style of Dow & King. The mill was built by Mr. Chapman and G. J. Shaw and had been carried on under the firm name of C. P. Chapman & Company. The an- nual sale of the products now reaches four hun- dred thousand dollars, the business being very extensive and profitable. In December, 1876, Mr. King was united in marriage to Miss Rosabella G. Chapman, the only child of Clark P. and Amelia (Shaw) Chapman. She was born in 1856 in Pike county, her father having removed to this county in 1847. Taking up his abode in Pittsfield he was first employed as a clerk b}- the firm of Ross & Gay, merchants of Pittsfield, and later he purchased an interest in the business, which was then conducted under the firm style of Gay, Chapman & Kellogg, and afterward of Chapman, Kellogg & Hull. In 1863 Messrs. Chapman and Hull sold their inter- est to jMr. Kellogg, who conducted the business, and in April, 1865, Mr. Chapman made an over- land trip to Washington, D. C, carrying with him fifty thousand dollars in currency to ex- change for bonds in order that he might estabUsh a national bank in Pittsfield, which was soon afterward organized, with Mr. Chapman as cashier. Later he became one of the stock com- pany that built the woolen mills in Pittsfield but this venture proved unprofitable and Mr. Chap- man sold out, after which he and Mr. Shaw built the old flour mill, where the new milling plant now stands. He then continued in the mill- ing business throughout his remaining days. He C. p. CHAPMAN PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 373 was a very successful man and one of the fore- most residents of Pittsfield. He was likewise one of the first to introduce Jersey cattle into Pike county and was greatly interested in stock- raising, which became a profitable source of in- come to him. He served as the first cashier of the First National Bank of Pittsfield, acting as one of its directors until his death and was both vice-president and president for some time. Many local enterprises profited by his wise counsel and able co-operation, and he figured prominently in business and public life, contributing in substan- tial measure to the welfare and upbuilding of Pittsfield. He was honored and respected by all and most of all where best known and his name is inseparably interwoven with the annals of Pike county. He died August 20, 1898, leaving his family not only a splendid competence but also the priceless heritage of an untarnished name. His wife still survives and is living with Mr. and Mrs. King at the advanced age of eighty- four years. Mr. Chapman built the home where they now reside and it is still one of the most beautiful residences of Pittsfield. Unto Mr. and Mrs. King have been born two sons : L. C. King, born in 1879, married Bertha Hesley and lives in Pittsfield, now acting as book- keeper at the mill. He is also one of the aldermen of Pittsfield and is an enterprising and leading citizen. Unto him and his wife has been born one son, Clark Chapman King. Vinton, born in December, 1885, lives at home and is his father's assistant at the mill. Mr. King exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the repub- lican party and for one term served as alderman. Pie has likewise been school director and township treasurer, while in Massachusetts he became a member of the A/[asonic fraternity. Mrs. King is a member of the Congregational church and her parents were very active in church work. Mr. King has led a busy and useful life. He realizes fully the truth of the adage of the old Greek philosopher who said "Earn thy reward, the gods give naught to sloth," and placing his dependence upon the sure and safe qualities of unremitting diligence and perseverance he has steadily advanced until to-day he is in control of one of the large productive industries of Pike count)', which is the visible evidence of his life of well directed toil. In social circles Mr. and Mrs. King occupy a very enviable position and their. own home is attractive for its generous hos- pitality and a cordial welcome is extended to their manv friends. WILLIAM SHINN. William Shinn is the oldest native born resi- dent of Pike county, also the founder of the sheep industry in this county, and is one of the self- made men having acquired a fortune in the lo- cality where his entire life has been passed. He is justly entitled to representation in this volume as a prominent and leading citizen, and indeed no history of the community would be complete without his record. His birth occurred on sec- tion 12, Atlas township, January 7, 1827, his par- ents being Daniel and Mary (Hackett) Shinn, both of whom were natives of New Jersey and were married there. They afterward removed to Ohio, where they spent seven years, and in April, 1820, came to Illinois, bringing with them the first wagon ever seen in Pike count)^. Mr. Shinn purchased one hundred and sixty acres of wild land on section 12, Atlas township, and for three years resided in the village of Atlas. He had seven children when he came to Illinois, and in order to provide for his family, with character- istic energy he began farming interests here. He built a log house, improved his farm, transform- ing the wild tract into richly productive fields, and spent his remaining da)rs upon that place, gathering rich harvests as the years went by. He was closely associated with many of the early events which have shaped the history of the county. He assisted in building the first court- house and jail in Atlas, both being constructed of logs. The countrjr was wild and unimproved and he assisted in laying out the road from Pitts- field to Atlas. Lie had to keep his hogs in a log stable in order to protect them from the wolves, so numerous were the latter animals in this dis- trict at that time, so that flocks were never safe 374 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. from their depreciations. Mr. Shinn was the owner of seven hundred acres of land in Pike county at one time and was regarded as a very prominent and influential citizen, aiding in lay- ing strong and deep the foundation for the present prosperity and progress of this section of the state. He reared a family of thirteen children, of whom only two are now living. His death occurred in March, 1852, while his wife passed away about 1846. William Shinn was educated in the primitive schools of Pike county and his youth was largely a period of earnest toil, as he had to begin work when quite 3-oung. He assisted in the arduous task of developing his father's farm and also in the improvement of other farm property in this county. When twenty years of age he was married but continued to reside upon the farm with his father until 1850, when he crossed the plains to California, attracted by the discover}' of gold in that state. For a year he remained there, making some money during that period, after which he returned home by way of the isth- mus route. On again reaching Illinois he took up farming, which he followed in different localities, buving and selling different tracts of land. In 1856 he purchased the place where he now resides and here he has since lived. He to-day owns nine hundred and eighty-six acres of valuable land in Pike county and four hundred acres in Michigan and has secured all of this property through his own efforts, save a tract of thirty- nine acres which his father gave him. He there- fore certainly deserves much credit for what he has accomplished and his life record proves that success is not a matter of genius but is rather the outcome of clear judgment, experience and inde- fatigable energy. He has been a representative of the sheep-raising industry since 1866 and has owned from six hundred to three thousand sheep since then. In fact he is not only the pioneer of this business in Pike county but is also one of its prominent representatives, being to-day the largest sheep-raiser within its borders, having at the present time five hundred head of sheep upon his farm. During the past thirty-five years he has also been extensively engaged in raising and dealing in cattle and at one time had from two hundred and fifty to three hundred head but now keeps about one hundred head upon his place. His extensive property holdings and live-stock inter- ests make him one of the wealthy farmers of the count)^ In 1846 Mr. Shinn was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane Lytle, who was born in Ross county, Ohio, in March, 1827, and came to Pike county, Illinois, in 1837, with her father, Andrew Lytle, who lived in this county, where he owned and improved eighty acres of land. Subsequentlv, however, he removed to Calhoun county, where his death occurred. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Shinn were born four children : Mrs. Elizabeth Gay, who is now living with her father ; Albion Shinn, living near here; William D., who resides near his father; and ]Mame, the wife of William Cun- ningham, also living in the same locality. The wife and mother died December 24, 1904, and her death was the occasion of deep regret among many friends, while to her family it came as an irreparable loss. She was a woman of beautiful character, kindl)', generous spirit and warm- hearted charit}' and by her many good qualities won the love and esteem of all who knew her. Mr. Shinn is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to the New Hartford lodge. No. 424. of which he is a charter member. He joined the order at Eldara, Illinois. He be- longs to the Methodist church at Summer Hill, of which his wife was also a member, and his life is actuated by high and honorable motives and lofty principles. Although he has attained wealth his path has never been strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes, his prosperity being gained by persistent effort, capable manage- ment and careful investment. GEORGE W. SEYBOLD. George W. Se}-bold, whose farming interests in Fairmount township cover three hundred and twent\' acres of arable and productive land, was born in Fairmount towship, this countv. May 8, 1848, his parents being James and Olive (Gas- kcll) Seybold, the former a native of Illinois and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNT \^. 375 the latter of New York. Their marriage was cele- brated in this state ; and both have now passed away, the mother's death having occurred when she was eighty-three years of age. She long sur- vived her husband, who died April 15, 1869, at the age of sixty-seven years, three months and thirteen days. The father spent his boyhood days with his parents in Carlinville, Illinois, and dur- ing the pioneer epoch in the history of Pike coun- ty removed to this section of the state, purchasing land in Fairmount township. He found here an unbroken wilderness ; and in the midst of the for- est built a log cabin, while later he erected what was the first frame house in this locality. Herds of deer were frequently seen ; and wild turkeys, ducks, prairie chickens and other game could be had in abundance. The Indians, too, were fre- quent visitors in the neighborhood, having not yet left the state for their reservations farther west- ward. The nearest neighbor of the Seybold fam- ily at that time lived six miles away. The family shared in all the hardships and trials of pioneer life and assisted materially in the reclamation of the wild land and the improvement of this part of the state. The old frame house which was built by the father is still standing and is now oc- cupied by our subject. In order to construct his dwelling James Seybold hewed the timber, split the clapboards with an axe and shaved them by hand. He lived for some time on the American bottom in Madison county and during the pion- eer days sold his pork in St. Louis for a dollar and a quarter per hundred and his wheat for twen- ty-five cents per bushel. An old wooden clock which he purchased in 1829 and for which he gave forty dollars, is now in possession of George W. Seybold and is keeping good time. As the years passed he prospered and at the time of his demise he owned two hundred and ninety-five acres of valuable land. His last days were passed in Bev- erly, Adams county. He had served his country as a soldier in the Twenty-seventh Illinois Infan- try and his political allegiance was given to the whig party until its dissolution, when he became a republican. In the family were seventeen chil- dren, twelve sons and five daughters, of whom five sons and four daughters are now living, namely : Jasper ; Hannah ; Gates, a resident of Callaway ; Lafayette, who was a soldier in the Thirty-third Illinois Infantry in the Civil war ; Mary ; Stephen, who wore the blue uniform as a member of the Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantr}^; George W. ; Ellen, and Emelina. One brother, Samuel, gave his life in defense of his country while acting as a Union soldier. Joseph died No- vember II, 1857, at the age of twenty-seven years, seven months and seven days. Martha C. died December 6, 1857, at the age of seventeen years, eleven months and six days. Eli departed this life January 18, 1850, at the age of twenty-three years. Allen died August 17, 1841, at the age of nine years, six months and four days. James passed away November 25, 1857, at the age of fifteen years, two months and eleven days. George W. Seybold was reared under the pa- rental roof and acquired a public-school education which he pursued in the district schools and also at Camp Point. His training at farm labor was not meagre, so that he early acquired a thorough understanding of the best methods of carrying on farm work on his own account. He started out in life for himself when twenty-one years of age and has since devoted his time and energies to the cultivation of the fields and to raising stock. That he has prospered in his undertakings is in- dicated by the fact that he is now the owner of three hundred and twenty acres of valuable land and he also raises good stock, including short- horn and Durham cattle and Poland China hogs. This branch of his business has been carried on quite extensively, for he has fed and shipped many hogs, annually selling from fifty to one hundred head of cattle and as many hogs. On the 22d of March, 1872, occurred the mar- riage of Mr. Seybold and Mrs. Mary Elder, a daughter of Levi and Matilda (Neal) Gardner, who were natives of Pennsylvania and Kentucky respectively. Her father came to Illinois at an early day, settling in Fairmount township, where he built a log house and broke the wild prairie. He was one of the pioneer residents of this part of the state and secured one hundred and sixty acres of land which he. converted into a tract of rich fertility. At the time of the Civil war he espoused the cause of the Union and served as a fifer in Company F, Ninety-ninth Illinois In- 376 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. fantry. In politics he was a whig and he held membership in the United Brethren cliurch. In his family were eight children, of whom five are now living, namely : Elizabeth, Margaret, Myra, ;\Iary and W^illiam. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Seybold have been born eight children and the family cir- ■ cle yet remains unbroken by the hand of death. These are : James L., Nellie, Johanna, George C, Charles, Hettie, Margaret and Annie. Mr. Seybold exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republi- can party and his fellow townsmen, recognizing his worth and ability, have several times called him to public office. He has served as supervisor, as tax assessor, as tax collec- tor, school trustee and school director, oc- cupying the last named position for twelve years. He favors the United Brethren church. Born in this county more than a half century ago, he is familiar with its history from the era of early development down to the present stage of modern prosperity and progress. His entire life has been devoted to the occupation to which he was reared and his careful management and keen business discernment are manifest in the excellent results which have attended his efforts. HENRY T. DUFFIELD, M. D. Dr. Henry T. Duffield, who for twenty-two years has engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Pittsfield and is a representative of a pioneer family of this part of the state, was born in Martinsburg township. Pike county, Feb- ruary 21, 1853, his parents being James M. and Lucinda (Pett)') Duffield. The mother was also a native of Pike county and a daughter of Fisher Petty, who was among the early pioneers of Pike county and engaged in the operation of a tan- nery four miles south of the present site of Pitts- field. He was present when the city of Pittsfield was being laid out and witnessed through manv years the progress and development of this part of the state. He made his home upon the farm until his death, which occurred many years ago. James D. Duffield, father of Dr. Duffield, ar- rived in Pike county in 1845, coming to Illinois from Indiana. Settling in Martinsburg township, he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, which claimed his time and energies until his death, which occurred in 1896, when he was seven- ty-three years of age. He had for about eight years survived his wife, who died in 1888. In their fam- ily were three sons, who are yet living, J. J. and W. F. Duffield being residents of Martinsburg township. The only daughter is deceased. Dr. Duffield, spending his youth in his parents' home, began his education in the schools of Pike county and mastered a high-school course, sub- sequent to which time he entered the old Chi- cago University and was graduated from the lit- erary department in the class of 1878. This proved an excellent foundation upon which to build his professional knowledge, and having de- termined upon the medical profession as a life work he entered the St. Louis Medical College, where he spent three years as a student, grad- uating with the class of 1882. He had also spent the year of 1879 as a student in the office and un- der the direction of Dr. J. H. Ledlie, of Pitts- field. Following his graduation he returned to this city and for several years, or until 1892, was the business associate of Dr. J. H. Ledlie, who for many years had been a capable and leading physician of Pike county. He was born, reared and educated in Dublin, Ireland, having been graduated from the University of Dublin. Com- ing to America, he located first in Chicago in 1854 and removed to Pittsfield in 1857, where he resided up to the time of his death. During the period of the Civil war he joined the LTnion army as surgeon of the Ninety-ninth Illinois In- fantry and remained at the front until 1865, when, hostilities having ceased, he returned and re- sumed practice in Pittsfield. During the latter part of his service he had charge of a military hospital at Jefferson City, Missouri, and was med- ical director of the Thirteenth Army Corps. From the tune of his graduation to the pres- ent Dr. Duffield has engaged in general practice in Pittsfield, meeting with gratifying success. He has not specialized along certain lines, but has given his attention to the general practice of med- Dr. H. T. DUFFIELD PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 379 icine and surgery and has demonstrated his broad knowledge and skill in the excellent results which have attended his labors when viewed from a professional standpoint. He has made it his aim to keep in touch with the progress of the med- ical fraternity as investigation, research and ex- periment have broadened the knowledge of the practitioners. Dr. Duffield was married, in 1890, to IMiss Elizabeth Ledlie, a daughter of his preceptor and partner. The Doctor and his wife have a wide acquaintance in Pike county, while their social qualities have gained them favor with a large circle of friends. Politically an earnest republic- an. Dr. Duffield has served as mayor of Pitts- field for one term and has been alderman three times. He prefers to concentrate his energies upon his professional duties and is a member of the County and State Medical Societies and the American Medical Association. AVITXT \M H. WILSON. The name of William H. Wilson figures promi- nently in connection with agricultural interests and also in financial circles, for he is the presi- dent and assistant cashier of the Perr\- State Pjank. \^'atchful of opportunities, he has noted the possibilities for successful accomplishment and by the utilization of these has advanced far upon the iiathway which is terminated b_v the goal of success. He was born in London, Eng- land, .September 16, 1845, his parents being Henry and Catherine (Stratton) Wilson. The father's birth occurred in London, Eng- land, Mav I, 1816, and, losing his mother at an early age, he was reared by an aunt. His edu- cation was acquired in two private schools and when he had put aside his text-books he began earning his living as a clerk in a grocery store. He served a regular apprenticeship in commer- cial lines and when twenty-two years of age opened a store in lower London, continuing in the grocery business for eleven years. Within that period he was married to Miss Catherine S. Strat- ton, a native of Berkshire, England. Removing from London, Mr. Wilson established a grocery store in Swindon, Wiltshire, where he remained for a few years and then started with his family for America, sailing from Liverpool in April, 1855. The voyage consumed nearly seven weeks Ijut at length anchor was dropped in the harbor of New York city and the journey westward by land and water was continued until Griggsville was reached. Some two years later the family located on a farm in the northern part of Perry township and in 1868 removed to the home property of William H. Wilson on section 28 of the same township. LIpon this place Llenry Wilson spent his remaining days and in the evening of life en- joyed many comforts and luxuries which had been secured through his earnest and unremitting labor in former years. His wife passed away February 27, iS/ij, and his death occurred about 1889. lioth iMr. and Airs. AVilson were members of the Presbyterian church. Only two of their eight children are now living : William H. ; and Mary, the wife of Calvin Harrington. William LI. Wilson spent the first ten years of his life in his native country and in 1855 came ' with his parents to the new world, crossing the -Vtlantic from Liverpool to New York city. Dur- ing the voyage tliey were out of sight of land for six weeks and three days. After reaching the American port they proceeded to Toled(i, Ohio. by rail, thence to Chicago and on to Griggsville, where they lived for two and a half years, when thev removed to Perry township. Mr. Wilson was reared to farm labor and as his father was in poor health he took charge of the farm, which he operated in partnership with his father until the latter's death. In his methods he was saga- cious, practical and persistent and developed a splendid farm property. He has not, however, confined his attention wholly to agricultural pur- suits but has been a promoter of various inter- ests which have proven of direct benefit in the locality. In 1896 he helped to organize the Perry State Bank, was chosen its president and is now also acting as its assistant cashier. This bank is capitalized for forty thousand dollars and is a strong and reliable financial institution. Mr. Wilson is also the secretary of the Griggsville Farmers Mutual Insurance Company, which is 38o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. capitalized for foui' hundi-ed and fifty thousand dollars. Pie has occupied this position for twenty years. The company commenced business April 8, 1876, with a capital of a little more than fifty thousand dollars and that their business has been prosperous is indicated by the fact that the poli- cies now represent over four hundred and fifty thousand dollars. At the time of the Civil war Mr. Wilson put aside business and personal considerations in or- der to aid his countrv, enlisting- as a member of Company H, Seventy-third Illinois Infantrv at Buckhorn on the nth of October, 1864. He was transferred to the Forty-fourth Illinois Regiment in June, 1865, and was honorably discharged on the 5th of September of the latter year. He is a member of Perry lodge. No. 95, A. F. & A. M., and of the Grand Army post and he and his fam- ily are members of the Presbyterian church. He has always been an earnest supporter of the pub- lic schools and has labored effectively and earn- estly for the advancement of the countv along material, intellectual and moral lines. Mr. Wilson was married to Miss Cornelia E. Bradbury, who was born December 12, 1847, i^i Griggsville township and is the eldest child of Jotham and Mahala (Hobbs) Bradbury, the for- mer a native of Cjhio, born in 1824 and the latter born in Kentuckv in 1822. They became resi- dents of Illinois in early life and after their mar- riage settled on a farm in Pike county, where they remained for many years, but ultimately Mr. Bradbur}' put aside business cares and removed to a pleasant home in the village of Griggsville. Both were members of the Baptist church and were earnest Christian people, whose lives were in many respects worthy of emulation. Both have now passed awa>'. In their family were seven children, of whom five are now living: Mrs. Wilson, Ernest C, Nicholas, Lillie and Lula. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson were married May 13, 1868, and their union has been blessed with three cliildren. Grace I. is the wife of Leslie Bird, by whom she has two daughters, Elizabeth and Catherine. Mr. Bird is now cashier of the State Bank of Belleville, AVisconsin. Bessie E. and Catherine J. are at home. Mr, Wilson has spent almost his entire life in this county and his interest in community affairs finds proof in the active and helpful part wdiich he has taken for the public good. He is watchful of business oppor- tunities and in utilizing his chances has steadily progressed until today he is well known as a rep- resentative of agricultural and financial circles in this countv. WILLIAM H. DINSMORE. William H. Dinsmore, living on section 27, Hardin township, is one of the thrifty farmers and stock-raisers, whose farm is the proof of his industry and capable management. He owns forty acres of land and is cultivating a tract of one hundred and twenty acres, including the old family homestead. His birth occurred July 29, 1858, in this county. His father, Marshall Dins- more, was a native of Scott county, Illinois, born in March, 1826. He married Miss Martha Jan- uar)r, \vhose birth occurred in Greene county, Illi- nois, where her father, John January, had settled at a very early day. Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Dinsmore located in Har- din township, where he improved a farm and owned two hundred and eighty acres of land. He afterward bought and improved three other farms and spent his life in this county, his death oc- curring here March 2, 1890. His wife survives him and resides upon the old homestead with her son, William H., who was one of a family of four children. The eldest, Susan, is now the wife of Ha)'es Calvin. The others are : Mrs. Emily Couch and Mrs. Nora Harshman, of Pike county. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for William H. Dinsmore in his boyhood and youth. He assisted his father in the care and improvement of the home farm and remained in Pike county until 1890, when he spent one year in California, being employed as a farm hand there. He then returned in 1891 and took charge of the farm and business, developing the fields and also raising good horses and hogs for the market. He has displayed excellent busi- ness ability and keen discernment in his work and in estimating the value of stock his judgment is seldom, if ever, at fault. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 381 On the nth of October, 1884, Mr. Dinsmore was united in marriage to Miss Ella Collier, a native of Pike county and a daughter of John Collier, who was born in Indiana but later took up his abode in Pike county. There is only one son by this marriage, R. T. Dinsmore, who is now editor and proprietor of the Nebo Banner. Politically Mr. Dinsmore is a stanch and stal- wart democrat, keeping well informed on the questions and issues of the day, but without seek- ing ofifice. Mrs. Dinsmore, mother of our sub- ject, and Mrs. R. T. Dinsmore are both mem- bers of the Christian church. Although his life has been quietly passed William H. Dinsmore has always been recognized as a citizen of worth in the community because of his fidelity to the duties that devolve upon him and his active co- operation in many measures which have contrib- uted to the general good. LEONARD L. WALKER. Leonard L. Walker, whose high moral stand- ing and progressive citizenship have caused his memory to be cherished by those who were active- ly associated with him through the years of his residence in Pike county, departed this life on the 20th of February, 1889. He was born in Berlin, Rensselaer county. New York, on the 27th of September, 181 3, and was a son of Nathan and Sybil (Rix) Walker, the former a native of Con- necticut. Leonard L. Walker was reared and ed- ucated in the place of his nativity, and after ar- riving at years of maturity was married, on the 14th of November, 1840, to Miss Clarinda Rhodes, whose birth occurred November 15, 1820. She was a daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Taylor) Rhodes, both of whom were natives of Berlin, Rensselaer county. New York. Her father re- moved with his family to Shannahon, Illinois, and soon afterward was drowned. In his family were seven children, but Mrs. Walker is the only one now surviving. Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Wal- ker remained in their native state until 1845, when they started westward, going to Troy, New York ; thence to Buffalo ; by Lake Erie to Toledo, Ohio ; on by the Miami canal to the Ohio river and down that stream to the Mississippi. They left the Father of Waters at the Cincinnati landing and came across the country to Barry, locating on a farm of eighty acres adjacent to that city. Here Mr. Walker built a log house in which they lived until 1849. With eleven other men he made the trip overland to California, while his wife and children returned to New York, where they re- mained during the period of four years which jMr. Walker spent on the Pacific coast. He then returned to Pike county in 1853 and the family also returned from New York the same year. He then resumed farming and later built a fine home which now stands within the city limits of Barry on the original eighty acres which he purchased on coming to Illinois. He spent his life as a farmer and stock-raiser on that land and trans- formed his property into a good farm. He laid out on a part of this land what is known as Wal- ker's addition to the city of Barry and subdivided it into town lots, which he sold at a good figure and thereby materially increased his capital. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Walker have been born two children : Horatio married Josephine Onetto and they live in Edmond, Kansas. Helen has acted as state corresponding secretary for the Wom- an's Christian Temperance Union of Illinois for six years and was state superintendent of litera- ture for the same society' for a period of ten yt-ars. Mr. Walker was a man of high and honorable principles, faithful in friendship, loyal in citizen- ship and devoted to his family. He was a mem- ber of the Baptist church and all who know him respected him. His early political support was given the whig party and when the question of slavery began to be agitated he supported the abolition party until the republican party was formed to prevent the further extension of slav- ery when he joined its ranks. Later when he felt that the temperance question had become a dominant issue he voted with the prohibition party. At all times he stood for progress, re- form, improvement and for uplifting influences for humanity. Mrs. Walker, still surviving her husband, makes her home in Barry, and on the 15th of November, 1905, celebrated the eighty- 382 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. fifth anniversary of her birth, on which occasion eighteen ladies, all over seventy years of age, gathered at her home, and the occasion was a most enjoyable one to all. JAMES SYKES. Barrv numbers James Sykes among her rep- resentative and valuable citizens and as he has a very wide acquaintance throughout Pike county the history of his life can not fail to prove of inter- est to many of our readers. In 1888 he took up his abode in this city where he now resides and where he has continuously made his home for the past seventeen vears. He is of English birth, the place of his nativity being Huddersfield, England, and the date March 9, 1819. That was the ancestral home of the family through several generations, his parents and grandparents both being born there. Plis father, James Sykes, Sr., spent the early years of his life in his native county and when quite voung began working in the woolen mills, where he advanced steadily as his fidelity and capability were recognized until he became fore- man of the finishing department, but the reports that he heard concerning business opportunities in America lead him to believe that he might pro- gress more rapidly in the new world than in his native country and accordingly in 1821 he bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for America, establishing his home in Manhattan- ville, which is now included in New York city. There he secured a position and when he found he could make a good living there he sent for his wife and three children. Some years before em- barking for the United States he had married Hannah Hirst, who was also born in Hudders- field, England, and was a daughter of A¥illiam Hirst, also a native of Yorkshire, England. On receiving word that her husband wished her to join him in America she started with her three children from Liverpool, but after the vessel was out a few weeks it sprang a leak and after sailing for thirteen weeks finally managed to reach the port of Cork, Ireland. Mrs. Sykes then returned to her old home in England and on again complet- ing her preparations started once more for the new world, arriving eventually in New York, after a voyage of seven weeks. She thus spent twenty weeks of that year upon the ocean. Mr. and Mrs. Sykes made their home in New York city, in Glenham, Dutchess county, and at Brook- lyn, New York, at different times until 1834. In June of that year James Sykes, Sr., visited Adams county, Illinois, and being pleased with the country and its splendid prospects he made investment in four hundred and eighty acres of government land, located in Beverly township. He then rejoined his family in Brookl)'n, and on the 2d of October of the same year, accompanied by his wife and children, he started once more for the Prairie state, traveling on a tow boat on the Hudson river to Albany, thence b)' wa}' of the Erie canal to Buffalo, by lake to Cleveland, on the Ohio canal to Portsmouth, and there embarked again on a steamer in order to make the journey on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to Ouincy. On reaching their destination they found a little town containing only a few hundred inhabitants and its public buildings were of the most prim- itive kind, the courthouse being made of logs. There was but one brick structure in the city and that was an addition to another building. Leaving his family in the town, Mr. Sykes made his way to his claim, whereon he erected a log cabin, which was the second building in Beverly town- ship, Adams county, and between his home and Quincy there were only five houses. Soon the fam- ily were installed in the little cabin and he ener- getically took up the task of converting his claim into a productive and valuable farm, residing thereon until his death, in 1852. He lived in Adams county during the period of its pioneer development, when large herds of deer were to be seen and there was much other wild game. Only here and there had a claim been entered and the work of improvement begun, but he had faith in the future of the state and he bore an energetic and helpful part in reclaiming the wild land and in planting the seeds of improvement and civilization. j\Irs. Sykes passed away about a year prior to her husband's death and Adams county thus lost two of its valuable and repre- J \ MI'S SVKES MRS. JAMES SYKES PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 387 sentative citizens. In their family were four chil- dren : Mary, who married Jacob Funk and died in Beverly township ; William, whose death also occurred in that township ; James, of this review ; and John, who was born in New York city and is now living in Adams county. The father left a large estate in land that has become very val- uable and some of this is still in possession of the family. James Sykes, whose name introduces this record, was only two years old when brought by his parents to America and was a youth of fifteen at the time of the removal of the family to Illi- nois. The remainder of his youth was therefore passed amid the wild scenes and environments of pioneer life. He shared with the family in the hardships and trials incident to the establishment of a home on the frontier and his memory forms a connecting link between the primitive past and progressive present. His reminiscences of pioneer days are most interesting for he relates clearly events of much importance in that early period, as well as the manner in which the people lived when they had to depend upon their own labors and resources for almost everything in their homes or in use upon their farms and also for their clothing. About 1852, as the people of Ouincy did not wish to have the county seat removed to the center of what was then Adams county the county was divided, the eastern half being called Marquette. The people of that section, however, refused to organize into a county and for five years the singular and unheard-of condition existed of a tract of land twelve by thirty miles, well settled, and in the midst of a thriving country being with- out law or taxes and yet remaining perfectly peaceable with no officers to execute laws. The residents, however, lived quietly, settling their differences by arbitration, keeping up their roads, schools, etc., and thus the condition of affairs con- tinued for five years. In 1858 a convention was called to revise the constitution of the state and the clause inserted declaring any territory set apart from a county that did not organize within five years should revert to the county to which it formerly belonged and thus Marquette county became a part of Adams county. 20 Mr. Sykes is thoroughly familiar with the work of progress and improvement as it was car- ried on in those pioneer days. The nearest mill from his parents' home was about seven miles distant and was operated by ox or horse power, while the second mill in their vicinity was built close to the present site of Beverly. This mill was worked by oxen and the flour wos bolted by hand machinery. The old-fashioned wooden mold board plow was used in the fields and the grain was harvested with a cradle and then placed upon the ground and then tramped out by horses and oxen. There were no fanning mills, so that the farmers placed their grain in a measure which they raised as high as they could and then turned it out slowl}', on to the ground that the wind might blow the chaff away. Much of the farm work was done by oxen including the breaking of the prairie and the tilling of the fields, and the farmers traveled to market behind ox-teams. Mr. Sykes, possessing considerable mechanical skill and ingenuity, was called upon to do much of the carpenter work at the old homestead and made the mold boards for the plow, the points being manufactured by blacksmiths. He remained under the parental roof until he had attained his majority, assisting in the various departments of farm labor, and on attaining his majority he re- ceived from his father a gift of eighty acres of wild land, half prairie and half brush. Upon this he erected a frame residence which vras the third of the kind built in Beverly township and it was used as a shop meeting house and public hall for two years. His natural mechan- ical skill enabled him to follow carpentering and he devoted a portion of his time to that pursuit for nearly thirty years, at the same time superin- tending the improvement of his farm, which he brought under a high state of cultivation. In 1850 he purchased a tract of wild prairie in Bever- ly township, for which he paid four dollars per acre. The following year he sowed about forty acres of this land to wheat and he has gradually become a large landowner, adding from time to time to his real estate until his possessions are extensive, embracing very valuable farm land in Adams county. There he continued to engage in general agricultural pursuits until 1888, when 388 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. he removed to Barry and purchased his home, which is beautifully located on Diamond Hill and is one of the fine residences of the town. He is now enjoying" a rest, which is well earned and richly merited. On September 23, 1849, occurred the marriage of James Sykes and Miss Mary Ayres, who was born in Woodridge, New Jersey, and died in Beverl_y towaiship, April i, 1873. They had be- come the parents of eleven children, five of whom have passed away, while six are yet living, name- Iv : Hannah is now the wife of Aaron House and lives in Nebraska, has four children and six grandchildren. Elizabeth is the wife of James O. McLain and has five children. Her home is at Weeping Water, Nebraska. Joseph married Martha E. Holt, resides at Colorado Springs, and has one son, George. Emma is the wife of Mark H^uffman and resides at Beverly, Adams county, and they have four children. Frank married Eliza Hill, lives at Hadley station in Pike county and has three children. Hattie is the wifeof Frank Lawson and is living near Barry, and they have three children. After losing his first wife, Mr. Sykes was again married on the 25th of November, 1875, his second wife being Miss Martha J. Cunningham, whose birth occurred in Harrison county, Ohio, and who is a daughter of George and A-Iary (Humphrey) Cunningham, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohio. Mrs. Cunningham spent her entire life in her native state and after her death, in 1867, Mr. Cunningham came to Pike county, Illinois, purchasing a farm in Hadley township, whereon he continued to make his home until his demise in the spring of 1882. He then sold his farm and took up his abode in Barry, where he pur- chased a residence which he occupied until his death in May of the same year. Mr. Sykes is indeed one of the typical pio- neers of this section of the state and is a man whose force of character and genuine worth have made him a valued factor in public life. His political allegiance was given to the democracy in his early manhood and his first presidential vote was cast for Martin Van Buren. When the republican party was organized he joined its ranks and has never failed to advocate its principles. He has always kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day, politically and otherwise, and has been a broad reader and a frequent con- tributor to various papers. The cause of edu- cation has ever foimd in him a warm and help- ful friend and for nearly thirty years he served as a school director in Adams county and after- ward became a member of the board of education of Barry and has acted as chairman of the board of health. He has in his possession what proves to be a most interesting volume. Since 1834 he has been writing a diar}?, which continues to the present time. An indication of his experience in early life may be given in the following ex- tracts : "September 2, 1840, helped father tramp and clean up twelve and a half bushels of wheat." "September 3, 1840, went to Payson to muster." "September 8, ground two axes and went to the woods and cut four trees," September 10 and 11. Bill and me tramped out fifteen bushels of wheat." "September 15, rainy — made a pair of pants." The same volume also contains reminiscences of his early life in the state of New York and also a splendid account of his trip on a pony up Pikes Peak on the 23d of October, 1890, when he was in his seventy-second year. He is now eighty- seven years of age and is yet a well preserved man of great mental vigor whom it is a pleasure to meet and know. FRANKLIN CADWELL. In the death of Franklin Cadwell at his home in Griggsville on the 28th of January, 1906, the county lost one of its pioneer settlers, who assist- ed in laying the foundation for the upbuilding of western Illinois. His last vears were spent in retirement from labor in his Griggsville home, but at one time he was successfully and exten- sively engaged in fruit-growing and his business interests resulted in the acquirement of a capital that now enables him to rest in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. He was born in Kentucky, October 4, 1828, and came to Illinois in 1835 with his parents, William and Elizabeth (jNTcFarland") Cadwell. In the father's family PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 389 were seven children, of whom two are hving : Addison, who resides in Pittsfield and has served as assessor and collector of the county ; and Lu- cinda, the wife of George Crumb, a resident of Los Angeles, California. The father became one of the pioneer settlers of Pike county, arriving in Illinois in 1835. He secured a tract of land and began farming, following that occupation until his death in his sixty-fifth year. His wife survived him and died in her seventieth year. Mr. Cadwell was a Jeffersonian democrat and was one of the esteemed and worthy early settlers of this portion of the state. He aided in reclaiming the wild land for the purposes of civilization and took a helpful part in every movement calculated to benefit the county and produce modern progress. Franklin Cadwell was but seven years of age when brought to Pike county by his parents and was here reared amid the wild scenes, conditions and environments of pioneer life, sharing with the family in all the hardships and trials incident to the establishment of a home upon the frontier. He attended the primitive schools of that period until he reached the age of young manhood, when he learned the carpenter's trade under Alfred Bissell, of Pittsfield, and was identified with that pursuit for several years, during which time he built a number of houses now standing in Griggs- ville. In 1850, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, he went to the far west, where he remained until 1855, when he returned to Illinois. The same year he was married and removed to Greene county, where he engaged in farming with success, accumulating a large tract of land. On returning to Griggsville he turned his attention to merchandising as a member of the firm of Cad- well & Bonnell, the junior partner being Albert Bonnell. Owing to the fact that Mr. Cadwell was not able to give to the business his entire personal attention this venture was not entirely successful and the business was closed out, Mr. Cadwell concentrating his entire energies upon his farming interests in Greene county. In this line he prospered and not only recovered the losses he had sustained by his previous venture but accumulated a competency. In a few years he returned with his family to Pike county and built the fine brick residence east of Griggsville, now owned by his son George. As his financial re- sources increased he added to his property hold- ings until at one time he owned eight hundred acres, a part of which was covered with timber. He had an orchard of one hundred and sixty acres, and for forty years he devoted his time and attention largely to the cultivation of fruit, being the most extensive fruit-grower in the county. He made a specialty of apples, becoming one of the largest and most successful orchardists in this part of the state. Together with his sons, William and George, he owned at one time over one thousand acres of apple orchards. He made large shipments and as he produced fruit only of the best varieties all of the products of his place found a ready sale on the market. Fie had an orchard of sixteen acres on the old homestead in Griggsville township, while the remainder of his property he had divided among his children. In 1862 he and his wife removed to the city of Griggsville, where he remained up to the time of his death. Fie led a very active and busy life up to within five years of his demise, after which he largely lived retired. Mr. Cadwell was married to Miss Jemima C. Pond, who was born April 27, 1836, the mar- riage being celebrated October 25, 1855. Her parents were Edward and Charlotte (Stearns) Pond, both of whom were natives of Massachu- setts, born near Boston. A great-grandfather of Mrs. Cadwell was one of the heroes of the Revo- lutionary war and was taken prisoner by the British troops during the period of hostilities. Her father was a school teacher for thirty years or more. Both he and his wife were members of the Presbyterian church in early life but after- ward became identified with the Congregational church. Mr. Pond gave his political allegiance to the whig party and was a man of broad in- tellectuality, whose influence was a potent element for good in every community where he lived and labored. He died at the age of sixty-six years, while his wife passed away at the age of eighty- eight years. ITnto Mr, and Mrs. Cadwell were born seven children, of whom five are now living: William E., born June 26, 1858, is a fruit-grower and 390 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY business man of Griggsville. George F., born August 27, icS62, is engaged in the fruit business in Griggsville. Carrie Belle, born April 14, 1865, is the wife of A. L. McClay, a resident of Hill- ville, Illinois. Ollie J., born September 28, 1874, is also living in Griggsville. Alfred Addison, born December 28, 1876, makes his home in the same city. All of the sons are fruit-growers and shippers and the family have made an excellent reputation in connection with this line of business. Mr. Cadwell led too busy a life to hold public ofifice but was a supporter of many progressive movements for the general welfare. Pie was made a member of Griggsville lodge. No. 45, A. F. & A. M., in 1867, and he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for many vears, while his wife is a Congregationalist. He took a very active and helpful interest in the work of the church of which he was an honored member for manv vears and his activities therein ceased onl}^ with his increasing illness. Pie voted with the democratic party and was interested in the material, intellectual and moral progress of the community. Pie and his wife spent many winters in the south, both in Florida and Texas, and also in California, traveling extensively in many por- tions of the country for the benefit of Mr. Cad- well's health. He passed the sevent}'-seventh milestone on life's journey and in a review of this long record many sterling traits of character stand strongly forth, his energy and enterprise being salient features in his success. He was al- ways honorable in his methods, considerate in his dealings with his fellowmen and commanded respect and confidence by reason of a life rec- ord that will bear the closest investigation and scrutiny. JOPIN S. LOCKWOOD, M. D. The subject of this sketch. Dr. John S. Lock- wood, was born on a farm near Dover, in Kent county, Delaware, January 10, 1838. His par- ents and grandparents were all natives of Kent county and were practical farmers. In early life his father, John Lockwood, who was a school teacher and surveyor, rode to Ohio on horseback and taught school near where the city of Chilli- cothe now stands. He afterward returned to Del- aware and married Miss Ann Slay. He then bought two hundred and twenty-eight acres of land and engaged in the business of farming, in which he continued as long as he lived. As a re- sult of his marriage three children were born : William H., John S. and Mary E. William is now living in Cass county, Illinois, and has one grown son and one daughter. Mary is deceased, while her only child, Mrs. Amelia Crider, is now living in Atlantic City, New Jersey. After the death of his mother, which occurred when John Lockwood was about eight years of age, their father having died about three years previously, John Lockwood was taken into the home of a maternal uncle, John Slay, and when not attending school he was employed in the store and on the farm, of which his uncle was owner and proprietor. After reaching the age of fourteen years he started out in life for him- self, continuing in the work of the farm and the store for a few years. He then attended school and taught alternately until he had completed a three 3'ears' course in Fairfield Seminarv, of New York. He next returned to Delaware and en- gaged in business, conducting a general store and at the same time registered as a student of law with Eli Saulsbury, of Dover, but at the end of two years he gave up the study of law, sold out his store at auction and went to Philadelphia, where he pursued a course in a commercial school. On the completion of that course Dr. Lockwood obtained a position as a clerk and traveling sales- man for a wholesale house in Philadelphia, but after a short business experience in that line he gave up his position and soon matriculated in the Eclectic Medical College of Philadelphia, attend- ing one course of lectures, when, owing to feeble health he went on a cruise in a sailing vessel on the Delaware and Chesapeake bays off the At- lantic coast of New Jersey on Long Island Sound and up the Thames river as far as Norwich, Con- necticut. He then returned to Delaware greatly improved in health and early in the following September he started to Burlington, Vermont, to complete his college course in medicine and sur- gery, but stopped on the way at Pittsfield, Massa- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 391 chusetts, and after inspecting the college there he changed his plans about going to Burlington and went instead directly to Ann Arbor, where he spent a few weeks. He afterward proceeded to Keokuk, Iowa, and there matriculated in the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons. He subsequent- ly became a dresser of wounds and assistant in post-mortem examinations in the Estes House Military Hospital, where he remained until he had attended two courses of lectures and was graduated in the summer of 1865. Dr. Lockwood then crossed the river to Adams county, Illinois, and visited with his Delaware friends and relatives through the remainder of the summer. He taught school in the fall and winter and in the spring opened an office for prac- tice of medicine and surgery in Quincy, where he remained until the fall, when he removed to New Canton in Pike county, where he engaged in the practice of his profession for about seven years. He then attended a course of lectures in the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis and the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia and was graduated from both schools in the spring of 1874. He then returned to New Canton and resumed the practice of his profession as before. On the 31st of December, 1874, Dr. Lockwood and Miss Ella Clauson were married. She was a daughter of Eben and Malinda Clauson, the former a native of New York and the latter of Kentucky. They were among the early settlers of Pike county, were married here and lived most of their married life in New Canton and vicinity. Eight children were born unto them, all of whom died in infancy except three : Ella, Allie and Min- nie. Ella died January 23, 1895, Allie died in February and their father died in the following April. The widowed mother survived her hus- band and two daughters for more than ten years and passed away May 7, 1905, leaving but one daughter, Mrs. Fred Brown, of Hull, Illinois. Owing to failing health Dr. Lockwood was compelled to give up the general practice of medi- cine in New Canton in the summer of 1888 and then went to Hamilton, Illinois, where he and his wife became connected with a sanitarium, re- maining there for several years. Since then, with the exception of his connection with the Baldwin Park Sanitarium in the summer of 1895, he has not been engaged in the practice of his profession nor has he had any permanent residence, but has spent his time in Illinois, Iowa, Florida, Arkansas, Colorado and California. He was one of the original active promoters of the incorporation of the town of New Canton, was its first treasurer and was subsequently elected as one of its trus- tees and lastly as president of the board. While in the practice of his profession at New Canton he also served for two terms as supervisor, one term as school trustee and one term as director. He was never an aspirant for any political office of the county or state, but was sufficiently in- terested and identified with local politics as to be frequently sent as a delegate to the county, dis- trict and state conventions of the party to which he belonged. He is not a member of any church, but is favorable to all churches and public organ- izations for the good of the community. He was formerly a member of a literary society of some note and also of a beneficiary society, but is not now a member of any society except the Masonic lodge. No. 821, of New Canton, Illinois. GEORGE W. PARKER. George W. Parker, following the occupation of farming in Fairmount township, was born January 6, 1850, in the township which is now his home and has spent almost his entire life in Pike county. His father, John J. Parker, was born in Canada, January 13, 1812, and having arrived at years of maturity was married in Cayuga county, New York, on the 12th of October, 1 83 1, to Miss Lydia Phillips, whose birth occurred in Scotland, March 18, 1813. Mr. Parker was only six months old when taken b}' his parents from his native place in the province of Lower Canada to Cayuga county. New York, where he remained until early manhood. He was married at the age of twenty years and continued a resident of New York for seven years thereafter, when in 1838 he emigrated with his family to Pike county, Illinois, arriving at his destination on the 28th of May. He took up his abode near the central 392 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. part of the county- He had at that time a wife and three children and his cash capital consisted of only twenty dollars. He at once began farming and he met the usual vicissitudes of pioneer life, for this district was cut off from the older settled portions of the country by long stretches of wild land, unbroken forests and by streams that were unbridged. In fact the work of improvement and progress had scarcely been begun in this section of the state. After various removals Mr. Parker settled in Fairmount township in 1845 and pur- chased land on section 26, afterward buying one hundred and sixty acres on section 27, but he continued to live on section 26 until his death, which occurred February 22, 1871, his remains being interred in the Woodland churchyard. When about fifteen years of age he united with the Freewill Baptist church and following his removal to Illinois joined Hinman Chapel of the Methodist Episcopal church on probation. He continued his connection with that denomination until 1861, when he and his wife joined the United Brethren church, of which he continued an active member until his death. His wife's father had died previous to her birth and when yet an infant she was left an orphan, being reared by an old gentleman by the name of Terry, who took her to Stephentown, Rensselaer county. New York, when she was six years of age. Ten years later Mr. Terry died and she was taken by her uncle, E. Brown, to Berkshire county, Massachu- setts. After this she was compelled to make her own living. She was converted under the teaching of the Christian church when seventeen years of age but did not unite with any church until after she came to Illinois, when she joined Hinman Chapel and, as stated, she and her hus- band transferred their membership to the United Brethren church. Mr. and Mrs. Parker became the parents of ten children, six sons and four daughters. Tacy Ann, born in New York, October 11, 1832, died at the age of fifty-six years. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and was buried in Woodlawn cemetery. Sena A., born Decem- ber 2, 1834, died May 28, 1902, at Moweaqua, Shelby county, Illinois, in the faith of the Metho- dist Episcopal church. Miles M., born in New York in 1836, is now living in Iowa. Mary E., born- July 25, 1839, died in Iowa, in March, 1904, in the faith of the United Brethren church. John M., born February 24, 1846, is a resident of Iowa. Twins died in infancy. George W. is the next of the family. Louis D., born January I, 1852, is a resident of Iowa. Alive F., born January 15, 1854, was a member of the United Brethren church. She died at the age of twenty- one years and was buried in Woodland cemetery. In his boyhood George W. Parker lived at home with his parents, assisting his father in the labors of the farm and pursuing his early education in the public schools of the neighborhood, after which he attended schools at Moweaqua, Shelby county, Illinois. He remained under the paren- tal roof up to the time of his marriage, which was celebrated on the 29th of July, 1880, the lady of his choice being Sarah J. Comer, who was born November 5, 1855, and is a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Dehart) Comer. The father, who was born in Scotland, August 10, 1822, came to this country with his parents in his childhood, the family being established in Indiana, where he remained until twent3'--three years of age. He then removed to Mount Sterling, Brown county, Illinois, and in 1847 became a resident of Adams county, buying a farm of about eighty acres in McKee /township. There in connection with gen- eral agricultural pursuits he also followed car- pentering and coopering. Subsequently he added forty acres to his place and devoted his entire attention to general farm work. His religious views accorded with the teachings of the United Brethren church and in politics he was a Jack- sonian democrat. He died October 17, 1897, at his home in Adams county, and his widow, who was born in that county, March 23, 1834, is now living in Nebraska. In their family were ten children, five sons and five daughters, those still living being Sarah J., now Mrs. Parker; George W. ; Nancy E. : James M. : Mary A. ; Martha E. ; Joseph M. ; Annie M. ; and Robert D. At the time of their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Parker began their domestic life on a farm and later he purchased the interest of the other heirs in the old homestead property. He is now culti- vating two hundred and twenty acres of land PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 393 and resides upon the old Parker homestead, where his labors have resulted in bringing the fields under a high state of cultivation so that he annu- ally harvests good crops. As the years passed by five children were added to the family, but only two are now living : Minnie I., who was the third in order of birth, and Mamie A. Minnie was born April i6, 1885, and is now the wife of Harry Manton, a resident of Griggsville town- ship, while Mamie A. was born August 30, 1895. The others were : Gertie M., who was born June 14, 1 88 1, and died June 17, 1888, at the age of seven years ; Myrtle B., who was born April 2, 1883, and died November 19, 1885; and Mary Bessie, who was born August 24, 1892, and died February 19, 1893. Mr. and Mrs. Manton have one daughter, Mary L., born October 3, 1904. Mr. Parker votes with the republican party but has never had any aspiration for ofifice. He belongs to the Masonic lodge at Perry, in which he has served as steward and senior warden and he also holds membership with the Modern Wood- men camp and is a charter member of the Knights of Pythias lodge of Perry. He belongs to the Anti- Horse Thief Association and to the Methodist Episcopal church. He still has in his possession the first half dollar which he ever earned, it being given him in i860 by Rev. James Dimmitt, a Methodist Episcopal preacher, for picking apples, and the coin bears the date 1850. It was the nucleus of his present possessions and is cherished by him as the beginning of a competence which is now large and gratifying and which indicates a life of well-directed thrift and activity. JOSEPH C. TONER. Joseph C. Toner, postmaster at Kinderhook and also a hardware merchant, was born in Pike county on the 3d of July, 1845, ^ son of William G. and Mary (Gose) Toner. The father was born in Jeflferson county, Missouri, September 14, 1817, and passed his early days in his native state and obtained his education in a pioneer log school- house. When but seven years of age he left home, stopping at any place where he could ob- tain food and shelter, thus working for the neces- sities of life. When sixteen years of age he began to learn the trade of a hatter in St. Louis, Missouri, but g-ave it up on account of the evil influences to which he was subjected among his associates in the business. He finally came to Pike county, Illinois, in 1840, and on the 14th of September, 1844, was married here to Mrs. Mary Long, nee Gose, the widow of W. W. Long. Her father, George Gose, was born in Grayson county, Virginia, whence he went to Russell county, that state, when a small boy, there spend- ing his remaining days. He married Elizabeth Jessey, who was born, reared and died in Russell county. It was in that county that Mrs. Toner was born on the 20th of July, 1814, and she lived in her native state until twenty-two years of age. She then married W. W. Long and came to this county in 1836. They cast in their lot with the pioneer settlers and Mr. Long was connected with the early development of the county until his death, which occurred August 6, 1843, his re- mains being interred near his farm in Kinderhook township. William G. Toner resided in Adams county for a few years before coming to Pike county. He was a farmer by occupation and here settled on sections 16 and 24, Kinderhook township, where he owned and operated three hundred and forty acres of rich land, being considered an en- terprising farmer of the community. In his family were four children : Joseph C. ; Louise J., the wife of C. H. Kennedy, who resides near Kinderhook; Elizabeth J., who married Ed Ferguson and after his death became the wife of George H. Leggett, their home being in Barry ; and Frances E., who married G. C. Lock, and lives in Kinderhook. The father of this family was a stalwart repubtican and was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, taking a deep and active interest in the church and Sunday- school work. He devoted the last years of his life entirely to the various activities of the church and his life was an honorable one, character- ized by many sterling qualities. He was well known as Uncle Billy and he was loved and es- teemed by all who knew him. He died June 13, 1903, at the age of eighty-five years and his 394 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. memory remains as a blessed benediction to his friends, his neighbors and his family. His wife had passed away in 1893. Joseph C. Toner was educated in the public schools of Kinderhook township and accjuired a limited education in the old stone schoolhouse near his father's place. He remained at home until tw€nty-eight years of age and then took up his abode in the village of Kinderhook, where he began life for himself as a partner of David Devole in a general store, which they conducted for four months, when Mr. Devole sold out to John Clutch, who thus became a partner of Mr. Toner. This relation was continued for four and a half years, since which time Mr. Toner has been alone in the business. For twenty-five years he engaged in dealing in farm implements, but has now retired from that branch of trade. He has been in the hardware business since 1885 and keeps a large line of shelf and heavy hard- ware, pumps, etc. For ten years he has acted as postmaster of Kinderhook and he gives his po- litical allegiance to the republican party. For three terms he served on the school board, has also been village trustee and collector and for several terms has served as alderman. In 1872 Mr. Toner was married to Miss Sarah Gertrude Leggett, who was born in Barry town- ship, Pike county, on the 15th of May, 1851, her l^arents being Alexander Blair and Margaret (Philips) Leggett, who came from Kentucky to Illinois at an early day, settling in Griggsville when there was only one house there, while later they removed to Barry township. The father was a contractor and subsecjuentlv conducted a saw- mill. In later years he removed to Kinderhook, where he conducted a drug store. In the family were thirteen children, eight of whom reached adult age. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Toner have been born eight children, of whom three are now liv- ing: William Gray, Walter F. and Mary Mar- garet. Those deceased arc : Ethel, Sydney, Erma, Cecil and Joseph. Mr. Toner is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge. No. 757, of Kinderhook, which he joined on its organization, having formerly belonged to Barry lodge, Xo. 336, I. O. O. F. and he was a charter member of the Encampment at Barry. Pie is likewise identified with the Modern Wood- men camp at Kinderhook and his wife is con- nected with the Rebekahs, the Eastern Star and with the Baptist church. Mr. Toner is one of the most energetic and wide-awake business men of Kinderhook, his labors being a potent element in the commercial activity of the village and to his own labors may be attributed his success. In public office as in private life he has justly merited the confidence and regard of his fellowmen and his life work shows forth many sterling traits. HON. B. T. BRADBURN. Hon. B. T. Bradburn, who is serving for the second term as county judge of Pike county and makes his home in Pittsfield, was born on a farm near Huntsville, Missouri, when the late Rebel- lion was at its highest. His parents were Alex- ander M. and Emily E. (Jameson) Bradburn, natives of Ohio and Kentucky respectively, his grandfather on his father's side being one of the first sheriffs of Scioto count)', Ohio. They re- moved to Missouri and after the Civil war came to Pike county, Illinois, where they lived on various farms but for twenty-five years re- sided in Martinsburg township, where their children were reared. The father died Septem- ber 10, 1890, when sixty-three years of age. He had served in various township offices and was a most highly respected citizen, devoted to the welfare of the communitv at large and of his family, giving to his children good educational privileges and thus equipping them for the prac- tical and responsible duties of life. His widow, at the age of seventy-three years, is now living in Pittsfield. In their family were six sons and two daughters. David N. Bradburn, the eldest, is married and follows farming and school teach- ing in this county ; Mark S., the present state's attorney of Pike county, is living in Pittsfield with his mother; Mary E. is the wife of J. G. Waggoner, of Martinsburg; BarnaT.isthe next of the family; Dr. Benjamin P. Bradburn, of Lin- coln, Illinois, is a graduate of the Keokuk Med- B. T. BRADBURN PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 397 ical College of Keoknk, Iowa, and also pursued a post-graduate course in the Bellevue College and Hospital of New York city, and for fifteen years he lias been successfully engaged in prac- tice, also conducting a drug store in Lincoln. John L. Bradburn, of Whitehall, Illinois, is married and formerly followed farming but is now acting as fireman at the Whitehall Tile Works. Cammie B. is the wife of R. E. Rush, a prominent and wealthy farmer, of Detroit, Illinois. Charles T. owns and operates a fine farm in Newburg town- ship. Judge Bradburn, reared in this county, after at- tending the high school of Pittsfield, continued his studies in Jacksonville, Illinois, in the Central Normal College, at Danville, Indiana, and Well's School for Principals and Superintendents at Ore- gon, Illinois. For several years he engaged in teaching, being connected with educational work in Helena, 'Montana, in 1891, and his last work of that character covered three years spent as prin- cipal of the schools of Vermont, Illinois. He had read law at different times under the direction of Hon. W. E. Williams and was admitted to the bar November 22, 1889, before the supreme court of Illinois. Returning to Pittsfield in 1894 he en- gaged in practice in connection with Averill Bea- vers, then states attorney. In 1897 he was elected city attorney of Pittsfield on a temperance ticket and before his term expired was nominated for the office of county judge on the democratic ticket. His election followed, with a re-election four years later, so that he is now serving for the second term. Since coming to Pittsfield he has so directed his labors as to gain recognition as one of the representative citizens and lawyers of Pike countv, being actively connected with a profession which has important bearing upon the progress or stable prosperity of any section or community, and one which has long been considered as con- serving the public welfare by furthering the ends of justice and maintaining individual rights. He has great respect for the dignity of judicial place and power and as a result of that personal char- acteristic the proceedings of his court are always orderly upon the part of every one — audience, bar and the officers from the highest to the lowest. His opinions are fine specimens of judicial thought, always clear, logical and as brief as the character of the case will permit. On the 1st of January, 1890, Judge Bradburn was married to Miss Martha Belle Moyer, a native of this county and a daughter of the late Solomon Moyer, of Barry, a pioneer of Pike county and a prominent citizen. Judge and Mrs. Bradburn have two children : Mamie Lenore, born January 3, 1894; and Terrill Moyer, born November 27, 1896. Both are attending the Pittsfield schools. The parents are members of the Christian church and socially Judge Bradburn is a Mason, belong- ing to the lodge and chapter at Pittsfield. JOSHUA KING SITTON. Joshua King Sitton is a representative of one of the early families of Pike county and has not only witnessed its entire growth but has been an important factor in developing its agricultural in- terests. His pioneer labors were well rewarded and his activity continued in later years with gratifying success until he is now living in hon- orable retirement from further business cares in a comfortable home in Pittsfield. Moreover he is a veteran of the Civil war, in which he fought bravely for the defense of the Union. A native of Missouri, Air. Sitton was born in Lincoln county on the 25th of November, 1824. His father, Jesse Sitton, was for a nvnnber of years a minister of the Baptist church. His birth occurred in Virginia, on the nth of March, 1783, and he died in Detroit township, Pike county, on the 1st of November, 1832. The history of the family, however, can be traced still further back, for Joseph Sitton, the grandfather, was a native of Scotland. He served as a soldier of the Revo- lutionary war and for a short time was held as a prisoner. Following the close of hostilities he continued to live in the new world and died at an advanced age in Missouri. Rev. Sitton was also a soldier, rendering active service to his country in the war of 1812. He had removed from his old home in Virginia to Tennessee and in the latter state enlisted. He won promotion to the rank of orderly sergeant and continued with the armv un- 398 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. til after the cessation of hostilities. In 1816 he removed from Tennessee to Lincoln, Missouri, be- ing one of the early settlers of the locality, where he lived for twelve years upon a farm. He then came to Pike county in 1828 and was one of the pioneers of Detroit township, but his career of activity and usefulness was cut short by his death, which occurred when he was a comparatively young man. In early life he had married Miss Sallie Haney, who was born in Virginia, October 24, 1788, and died in 1 851, in Pike county, Illi- nois. She was a daughter of James Haney, a native of Scotland. Twelve children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Sitton, namely: Terrell P., Eliza P., William H., Jehu, Anna M., Jeffrey B., Caroline, Joshua K., Lydia K. and Linnie A., twins, Felix G. and Jesse B. Only one brother of our subject is now living — Jeffrey B. Sitton, who resides in Detroit township. Joshua Sitton was but four years of age when brought by his parents from his birthplace in Mis- souri to Pike county. His education was ac- quired in the early schools of Detroit township, which he attended through the winter months, while in the summer seasons he worked upon the farm, aiding in reclaiming the tract of wild land for cultivation. He was married on the 6th of October, 1847, to Miss Mary A. Heavener, a na- tive of Sangamon county, this state, born in 1 831, and a daughter of Jacob Heavener, one of the early settlers of Illinois. Her father was a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, who was his captain during his services in the Black Hawk war. Mrs. Sitton had four brothers who were soldiers of the Civil war : John, who also served in the Mexican war ; William, who vi'as killed in the battle ; James D., and Thomas. All are now deceased. She has three living sisters : Mrs. Emily Hanley, who re- sides with Mr. and Mrs. Sitton ; Mrs. Nancy Goble, of Detroit township, this county ; and Mrs. Irene Owenby, of San Francisco, California. Following his marriage Mr. Sitton took his bride to the old homestead farm, which had come into possession of his father when the country was new and unsettled. The tract comprised eighty acres of rich land and through years of hard toil, guided by sound judgment, he added annually to his capital and thereby was enabled to increase his landed possessions until at one time he owned three hundred and ten acres of choice land. He still owns two hundred and fifty acres, constitut- ing a valuble and well improved farm, which is under a high state of cultivation and is equipped with an excellent set of farm buildings. While living on this place Mr. Sitton gave much atten- tion to stock-raising and his labors were well re- warded, so that he becanie one of the moneyed men of his township. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Sitton was blessed with six children, of whom two are yet living: Lizzie, born in 1855, was married, January 20, 1872, to Daniel Hayes and had two children : Maud, now the wife of Ross Shaw, a resident of Pittsfield ; and Harry, who is married and lives in Detroit, Oregon. Aft- er losing her first husband Mrs. Hayes was mar- ried, in Jime, 1880, to Frank Sanderson, and they have five children : Lottie, the wife of Roy Ful- liner, of Detroit township ; Jesse, at home ; Leta, the wife of Lee Heavener, of East St. Louis, Illi- nois : Mary and Joshua, who are also at home. Nettie, the second living daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Sitton, is the wife of R. T. Smith, of De- troit township, and they have four children, all at home : J. Wesley, Sallie, Leland and Russell. Jesse F. Sitton, a son of our subject, died in San Jose, California, October 3, 1887. He mar- ried Eva G. Benedict and they had one son, Louis T., who was born July 15, 1876, and married Pearl Young, of Newton, Kansas, by whom he has had two children, Jesse J. and Myrtle E. This family make their home near San Jose, California. In the year 1849 Mr. Sitton, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, crossed the plains to the Pacific coast with an ox-team, being about five and a half months on the way. He worked in the mines for a year and then returned home by way of the Isthmus of Panama and New Or- leans. His attention was then given uninterrupt- edly to farm work until 1862, when he volun- teered for service in defense of the LTnion, dis- pla}ing the same patriotic spirit that was mani- fest by his father and grandfather. He became a member of Company C, Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry, under command of Colonel G. W. K. I5aile^•. The regiment was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee and took part in many important PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 399 battles, j\lr. Sitton being under fire at the en- gagements of Magnolia Hill, Black River and Raymond. He was also present at the siege of Vicksburg and while in an engagement at that place was wounded in the hip, which disabled him for further field service and he was then discharged on the 6th of February, 1864. During his service he was promoted from the rank of first lieutenant to that of quartermaster, in which capacity he served for about six months. This came to him after he was wounded and no longer able to do active work on the field, but at length his wound caused his resignation. Mr. Sitton has held many important offices of trust in Pike county, serving as justice of the peace, township enumerator and as school director. In politics he was originally a whig and cast his first ballot for Zachary Taylor, but since the or- ganization of the republican party he has given to it strong and unfaltering allegiance. Mr. and Mrs. Sitton are earnest Christian people and since 1871 have been consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In August, 1887, they re- moved to Pittsfield and he purchased a comfort- able residence which they are now occupying. His rest is well merited because his life has been well spent and in his business affairs he dis- played both industry and integrity. He com- mands the unqualified regard and trust of those with whom he has come in contact and his cir- cle of friends is an extensive one. GEORGE P. PRIESTLEY. George P. Priestley, one of the early settlers of Pike county and a veteran of the Civil war, has for years been a prosperous farmer and stock- raiser in this portion of the state, his labors being carefully directed by sound judgment. He dates his residence here from 1859 and he claims Eng- land as the land of his nativity, his birth having occurred in Lincolnshire on the 7th of October, 1841. His father, the Rev. Frederick Priestley, was also a native of England, descended from a long line of English and Irish ancestry. He was reared in the land of his birth and became a local minister of the Methodist Episcopal church. ' By trade he was a bricklayer and plasterer. Think- ing to enjoy better business opportunities in the new world and thus provide a more comfortable living for his family, he crossed the Atlantic to the United States in 1851, settling first in Arkan- sas. A few years later, in 1858, he came to Pike county, Illinois, taking up his abode in Pleasant Hill, where he worked at his trade. Fie became widely known by reason of his industrial interests and also through his work as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church and he was held in the highest esteem and regard by all. He spent his last years in this county and died about 1895. His wife still survives him and is now a well preserved old lady of eighty-three years. George P. Priestley spent the first seventeen years of his life in the county of his nativity and was connected with the poultry business. He is largely a self-educated man, and his advance- ment in business circles is due entirely to his own labor and thrift. He came to Illinois in 1859, joining his father at Pleasant Hill and soon after- ward he entered the employ of Perry Wells. For several )'ears he was employed by the month as a farm hand and on the 7th of August, 1861, in response to the call of his adopted country for aid, he joined the army, enlisting as a member of Company C, Tenth Missouri Infantry. The regi- ment was sent to Missouri and afterward to the south and Mr. Priestley participated in the siege of Corinth and the battle of luka. About that time he was taken ill and sent to the hospital at Keokuk, Iowa, from which he was discharged on account of disability in 1863. When he had sufficiently recovered Mr. Priest- ley returned home and continued to work for a year or. two by the month. He was married in Pike county on the ist of January, 1865, to Mrs. Mary J. Wells, a widow, the wedding being cele- brated in Pleasant Hill township. They settled upon a farm in this township and for two years Mr. Priestley engaged in the cultivation of that tract of land, comprising seventy-five acres. Dur- ing that time he lost his first wife and on the 19th of November, 1866, he was again married in Pleasant Hill township, his second union being with Sarah J. Mills, who was born at Clarksville, 400 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Missouri, but was reared in this county. After renting land for a time Mr. Priestley invested his savings in a farm in Martinsburg township about five miles south of Pittsfield, this place compris- ing one hundred and forty acres. He located thereon and carried on general agricultural pur- suits for thirt_y-two years. His land was placed under a high state of cultivation and the fields returned good harvests. In connection with gen- eral agricultural pursuits he carried on stock- raising, having cattle, sheep and hogs, which he fattened for the market. At length he sold his farm and in 1900 removed to Pleasant Hill, where he yet resides. He was a practical fruit-grower and upon his farm had a thrifty orchard. In all of his work he was energetic and persevering, realizing that persistent labor is the basis of all desirable success. I.Into Mr. and Mrs. Priestley have been born three children, of whom two are living : Mrs. William Edmonds, who resides at Pleasant Hill ; and Frederick, who is married and operates his father's farm in Ross township, a place compris- ing nearly two hundred acres of land with about one himdred and seventy acres under the plow. They also lost one son, Charles P. Priestley, who was married and died May 3, 1904, at the age of thirty-six years. Mr. Priestly proudly cast his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln in 1864 and has usually voted with the republican party since that time. He has served as road overseer and has done effective service in improving the condition of the roads. A believer in good schools, he has labored earnestly to advance the cause of educa- tion during his nine years' service as a school di- rector. Tie and his wife are members of the I\Iethodist Episcopal church, ]\Ir. Priestlev having been connected therewith for over forty vears. In church work he takes an active and helpful part and has served as trustee and steward. Fie likewise belongs to the Grand .-Vrmy post at Sum- mer Hill. For nearly half a century he has made his home in Pike county and has helped to im- prove it and make it what it is today. Although he commenced life a poor man at the lowest round of the ladder he steadily climbed upward until he reached the plane of affluence. He has accumulated valuable property, comprising a large and well improved farm and a good home in Pleasant Hill. ITe fought for the old flag of the Union and his is an honored name in the land of his adoption. CAPTAIN BENJAMIN B. HOPKINS. Captain Benjamin B. Hopkins, who has de- voted his life to agricultural pursuits with the re- sult that his labors have been crowned with a well earned and gratifying measure of success, now makes his home on section 29, Griggsville township, where he has excellent farming inter- ests. He is a native of London, England, born on the 2d of January, 1838, and represents one of the old families of that country. His paternal grandfather, Robert H. Hopkins, was born not far from the city of London and spent his active life in County Kent, where he was accidentally killed by a falling tree. His wife survived him for some years, reaching the age of seventy. Their son, Robert Hopkins, father of our subject, was born in County Kent, England, but made his home through most of his life in the city of London. In his youth he learned the trade of a silk weaver, which he followed for some years and then became a confectioner, continuing in that line of business up to the time of his demise. Fle married ]\Iiss Matilda Bazim, who was a native of London but was of French parentage and was descended from Huguenot ancestry. Mr. Flopkins died when sixty-five vears of age and his wife passed away in 1888, when about seven- ty-si.x years of age. Thev were devoted members of the AVesleyan Methodist church. Thev had a family of three sons and five daughters, of whom five are living". Captain Benjamin B, Hopkins, who was the second in order of birth and is the only repre- sentative of the family in America, spent the first fourteen Axars of his life in his native country and then crossed the ocean as a passenger on the ship Petersburg, which weighed anchor on the 22d of September, 1852, He landed at New Or- leans and then came up the Mississippi and IIH- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY 401 nois rivers to Griggsville Landing, Illinois. His capital was extremely limited and the necessity of providing for his own support caused him at once to seek employment as a farm hand. Later he was employed as a government teamster on the plains and his experiences included all the priva- tions and dangers incident to such a life. He frequently met Indians on his trips but usually found them friendly and he was careful not to arouse their hostility. Following his return to . Illinois Captain Hopkins responded to the coun- try's call for aid, enlisting on the 5th of Septem- ber, 1861, as a member of Company D, Fifth Illi- nois Cavalry under command of Colonel Upde- grafif, who was afterward succeeded by Hall Wil- son, while Colonel John L. McConnell was the third in charge of the regiment. In December, 1862, Captain John A. Harvey, who up to that time had commanded Company D, was succeeded by Captain Hopkins, who held the position until ill health compelled his resignation in August, 1864. He led his troops in many a hotly con- tested engagement, inspiring his men by his own valor and loyalty. He served at Vicksburg and other places, acting as a scout and on outpost duty for some time. Although he was often in the thickest of the fight he was never wounded but on one occasion was injured by falling through a bridge. However, the hardships and rigors of war undermined his health and eventu- ally compelled his resignation. Again taking up his abode in Pike county. Captain Hopkins began farming and stock-raising and has since given his energies to this business. He has been the owner of valuable land and still has a fine farm on sections 29 and 32, Griggs- ville township. Upon the place are good build- ings, well tilled fields and modern equipments, and orchards and groves add to the value and attractive appearance of the place. In 1864 Captain Hopkins was married to Miss Ann Simpkin, a daughter of Thomas and Ann (Wharton) Simpkin, who were natives of York- shire, England. They were married, however, in Pike county, Illinois, to which place the mother had gone in her girlhood days with her parents. When a young man Thomas Simpkin sought a home in the new world, settling first in Morgan county, west of Jacksonville. After some years he came to Pike county, taking up his abode on a slightly improved tract of land in Griggsville township and to the further development of the farm he gave his attention. At length he sold that place and bought one hundred and sixty acres on section 28, Griggsville township. In 1859 he returned to his native country, where he died a year later at the age of fifty-two years. In politics he was a Douglas democrat and a friend of the renowned statesman whose princi- ples he advocated, Mr. Douglas often being en- tertained in Mr. Simpkin's home. Following her husband's death Mrs. Simpkin spent most of her time with her children and passed away at the home of her daughter, Mrs. John Lasberry, in 1886. She was a member of the Episcopal church. In the family were five children : AHncent, who died in childhood ; Sarah, the wife of John Las- berry ; Mrs. ITopkins ; Mary, the widow of Ed- win Hitch ; and Lovina, the deceased wife of Monroe Yates. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins have been born eight children, of whom two died in infancy. The others are: Margaret L., Sarah L,, Matilda, Benjamin B., Robert A. and Ann S. Captain Hopkins is a member of Griggsville lodge, No. 45, A. F. & A. M., having been made a Mason on the 15th of July, 1873. He belongs to Union chapter. No. 10, R. A. M., of Pittsfield, and Ascalon commandery. No. 49, K. T. Both he and his wife are members of the Episcopal church and Captain Hopkins votes with the de- mocracy. He has served as vice president and a director of the Pike County Fair Association and has done much for this institution, which has been a factor in stimulating ambition and effort in behalf of agricultural development in this part of the state. GEORGE W. WITH AM. George W. Witham, who for many years was a representative of mercantile interests in Perry but is now living a retired life, found in an active business career that energy and determination constitute the basis of success rather than genins or any fortunate combination of circumstances. 402 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. His life record began at Withamville, Ohio, Feb- ruary 7, 1834, his parents being Nathaniel and Jemima (Lane) Witham, who were married on the 22d of November, 1805. The father was born at Freiburg, Maine, in May, 1785, while the mother's birth occurred in North Carolina, De- cember 12, 1789. They became the parents of twelve children, of whom George W. is the youngest, and eleven of the number reached years of maturity. The father removed to Ohio with his parents in 1800 and engaged in merchandis- ing there and also owned two farms from which he derived a good income. He died July 25, 1847, ^t the age of sixty-two years, while his wife passed away on the 28th of January, 1842. George W. Witham was fifteen years of age at the time of his father's demise. His youth was passed upon the home farm and he supple- mented his early education by study in Clermont Academy in Ohio. He was married when twenty- ■ one years of age and, having acquired a liberal education, he afterward devoted twelve or thir- teen years to school-teaching, which he followed through the winter months, while in the summer seasons he gave his attention to farming. He was a capable educator and taught for nine years in one district, his services giving entire satisfac- tion throughout the community. In 1864, how- ever, he sold his farm and entered the employ of A. S. Whittaker & Company at Barry, Illinois, with whom he remained for ten years. He then formed a partnership with D. S. Rickett and later bought his partner's interest. He was then alone in business until 1898, when he turned his store over to his son and daughter and is now living a retired life. He made a creditable record in busi- ness as a thoroughly reliable merchant who was honorable in his dealings and put forth every le- gitimate effort to increase his trade, thereby win- ning a gratifying measure of prosperitv. On the 28th of October, 1855, Mr. Witham was married to Miss Mary Ann Downer, of New Salem. Her parents, George W. and Sarah (Mills) Downer, were married December 16, 1838. Both were natives of Pennsylvania and the former died in 1857, while the latter passed away at the age of seventy-eight years. In their fam- ily were five children, all of whom have passed away with the exception of Mrs. Witham. Her father devoted his attention to general agricul- tural pursuits in Ohio until 1851, when he re- moved to Pike county, Illinois, settling in New Salem. He afterward purchased a farm in Fair- mount township, but his death occurred in New Salem. Mrs. Witham was born February 19, 1841, and with her parents same to Illinois in a pn-airie schooner, being sixteen days upon the road. Mr. and Mrs. Witham have become the parents of seven children, of whom six are now living: Charles J., who was born January 11, 1857, died August 28, 1865. Collins M,, born November 20, 1859, and now living at Perry, wedded Mary Lee and has three children. Effie E., born September 3, 1862, is the wife of Wil- liam Hardy, of St. Louis, Missouri, and has one child. Ellen S., born September 16, 1864, mar- ried Russell Dunston, of Baylis, and they have two children. Sarah, born May 16, 1867, is the wife of James Akins. Joseph M., born June 22, 1871, married Alice Smith, who died after two years and he later wedded Mary E. Winter- botham. Harvey D., born February I, 1874, married Myrtle Walker, who died leaving three children and later he wedded Minnie Randall. Mr. Witham was appointed township treasurer and filled that position for more than thirty )'ears, when he resigned. He was also township collector and treasurer for one term and in the discharge of his official duties was ever prompt and faithful, recognizing his obligations to citi- zenship. He belongs to Perry lodge, No. 95, A. F. & A. M., and to the Modern Woodmen camp of Pittsfield. His political allegiance has always been given to the republican party and he is ever fearless in defense of whatever he believes to be ris:ht. CHARLES P. ROBB. Charles P. Robb, a prominent representative of real-estate interests living in Pleasant Vale town- ship, was born on the 31st of August, 1855, about a mile and a half west of Pleasant Hill in Pike county. He was the eldest of the five sons of PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 403 Randolph and Elizabeth Robb and is the only one now living. His parents were natives of Ohio and Indiana respectively and they moved from their Pleasant Hill farm to Kinderhook township in January, 1867. The mother died in September of the same year and the father was afterward again married in 1872. At that time he decided to sell out and remove to Kansas and Charles P. Robb, not desiring to go to the west, watched his chance and ran away from home. He afterward went to live with an uncle, James Demoin, who took a great interest in him and sent him to school, so that he acquired a good English edu- cation, displaying a special aptitude in his studies. He afterward 'engaged in teaching school in the winter and farmed in the summer up to the time of his marriage, which was celebrated on the 26th of JMarch, 1879. Miss Sarah Mygatt, the young- est daughter of Joseph and Mary Mygatt became his wife. The young- couple began their domestic life upon a farm in Kinderhook township, where Mr. Robb carried on general agricultural pursuits un- til March i, 1883, when he removed to Pleasant Vale township, where he purchased the farm which had been the childhood home of his wife. Through his excellent management and keen judgment as a farmer and dealer in stock he was soon able to pay for his farm and also have some surplus capital. In 1889 he was appointed agent for Colonel Price, of Quincy, Illinois, to have charge of and look after all of his lands in Pike and Adams counties. To this work he assiduous- ly applied himself and gained much of the expe- rience which has contributed so largely to his success as a land dealer in later life. In 1890 he remove to New Canton and there entered on a somewhat different mode of living. He was chosen justice of the peace, which posi- tion he filled for eleven years. He also read law to some extent and his practice in the justice courts was attended with a gratifying measure of success. This line of experience was also of much benefit to him later in life, as he was always able to write all documents necessary to trading in land, doing it without assistance and so per- fectly that he never became involved in law suits. He had always been interested in the lands of the Mississippi bottoms and, possessing keen saga- city and an optimistic mind, he believed that some day this land would become very valuable, al- though at that time it was regarded as compara- tively worthless by most people because of its liti- gation in the Bond suit and also by reason of the lack of drainage and improvements. Mr. Robb however, was not afraid to risk his chances, hav- ing firm faith in the future value of the property. In 1 90 1 he admitted Charles Gard to a partner- ship in the land business and together they in- vested in much of this bottom land. In 1902 the Bond suit was forever settled and then it was that the people began to realize the worth of the bot- tom lands. An excellent business sprang up and Mr. Robb and Mr. Gard bought and sold about ten thousand acres in that year, their business op- erations amounting to a quarter of a million dol- lars. Lands in that locality have advanced from fifteen and twenty dollars to one hundred dollars per acre — a fact which indicates the keen fore- sight and business discrimination of Mr. Robb. He and his partner have certainly done much to build up their community and county. Through their earnest efforts, zeal and energy even in the face of many discouragements they have endeav- ored to make this district as attractive and val- uable as any to be found and their labors have been attended with success when viewed from a material as well as financial standpoint. The firm is now recognized as among the most prominent representatives of land interests in this part of the state and the position to which Mr. Robb has attained in business circles is indeed an enviable GEORGE W. CAPPS. . George W. Capps, living on section 12, Mar- tinsburg township, is one of the prosperous and up-to-date farmers of Pike county, his landed possessions comprising- two hundred acres of rich and valuable land. He is one of the native sons of the county, his birth having occurred April 27 1849, '™ the township which is yet his home. PIi.=; father, Daniel Capps, was a native of Tennessee, where he was reared, coming thence to 404 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Illinois in earl)^ manhood. He was one of the early settlers of this county, mak- ing permanent location in Martinsburg town- ship about 1830. Pie there opened up a new farm, performing all the arduous labor incident to the cultivation of new land, his time and energies being given to the improvement of the fields until 1850, when he went to California, where his death occurred. His wife long sur- vived him and reared their family of eight chil- dren as follows : Nancy, who is the widow of W. S. iMorrison, and resides in St. Louis, Mis- souri ; W. R., who died about 1897; Rachel, the wife of James O. Lewis, of Martinsburg ; Maria, the deceased wife of D. P. Lynch ; Mrs. Bethena Lewis, a widow, residing in Xebo, Pike county, Illinois ; Fannie, the wife of W. H. Gooden, of Pike county, Missouri ; Lucinda, the wife of Francis Fowler, of White H^all, Illinois ; and George W. In taking up the personal history of George W. Capps we present to our readers the life record of one who has a very wide and favorable ac- quaintance in this part of the state. He was reared in his native township and acquired a common-school education. When fourteen years of age he started out in life on his own account, working by the month as a farm hand and in this way he was employed for ten years, gradually making progress in the business world as his la- bor proved of greater value to his employers. In May, 1874, he was married in this county to Miss Julia A. Brittain, a native daughter of this section of the state. He then rented a farm and continued to operate leased land for several )ears, when, with the capital he had saved from his earnings, he purchased one hundred and sixtv acres on section 9, Martinsburg township. There he carried on general farming for twelve vears, when he sold that property and in 1892 bought two hundred acres on section 12, Martinsburg township. Lie has a good farm, on which he has erected a basement barn and he has also built to and remodeled the house. His labors have made this a well improved property and in addition to tilling the soil he is raising good grades of stock. Politically Mr. Capps is a stanch democrat but has never sought or desired office. His wife is a member of the Christian church and he belongs to New Llartford lodge of Masons, in which he has filled all of the chairs save that of master. His entire life having been passed in this county, he has become widely known and has witnessed the greater part of the development that has brought the county up to its present state of progress and improvement. HON. WILLIAM ELZA WILLIAMS. Hon. William Elza Williams, at one time con- gressman from the sixteenth district, which in- cluded Pike county, and a prominent member of the Illinois bar, was born in Detroit township, this county, on the 5th day of May, 1857. His father, David A. Williams, is a native of North Carolina, born July 22, 1832. The paternal grand- father, John A. Williams, was also a native of North Carolina and was of English descent, the original family having come from England to Virginia prior to the Revolution. Emigrating westward, he became one of the pioneer settlers of Pike count}-, settling in Detroit township in 1834. His father. Dory AVilliams, was a soldier of the war of 1812, and his grandfather, William Williams (the great-great-grandfather of the sub- ject of this sketch), was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. David A. Williams was only two vears old when brought by his parents to pike county, and they were among the early settlers of Detroit town- ship, sharing in the hardships and privations in- cident to the establishment of a home upon the frontier. Educational privileges were limited, farrii machinery was crude and much arduous la- bor was required in order to bring the soil to its present high state of cultivation. x\ssisting in the task of developing a new farm, David A. Wil- liams thus grew to manhood, and having arrived at }-ears of maturity he was married to Miss Em- ily A. Llayden, a daughter of Louis E. Hayden, a native of Virginia and one of the early settlers of Newburg township, coming to Pike county from Kentucky in 1835. The young couple began their married life upon a farm in Detroit town- W. E. WILLIAMS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 409 ship and for marxv years Mr. Williams devoted his energy to agricultural pursuits, but now re- sides in Pittsfield. In the family were eight chil- dren. William Elza Williams, the second in order of birth, attended the district schools until eighteen years of age, when he entered Illinois College at Jacksonville, there remaining for three years. In the midst of his literary course he determined upon the practice of law as a life work, and entered upon preparation for the profession as a student in the office of Irwin & Johnson, one of the strong law firms of Pittsfield. He pursued his reading until admitted to the bar in 1880 before the ap- pellate court of the first district in Chicago. He thus entered upon his professional career well equipped for the work. Mr. Williams located for practice in Pittsfield, and in the course of a few years his success was so marked that he became favorably known as a leading representative of the legal profession in the county and in April, 1887, was elected to the office of state's attorney, which became vacant through the resignation of H. C. Johnston. He was a fearless and forceful prosecutor, and his capability in the discharge of his duties won for him re-election in 1888 for the full term of four years, and he thus served until 1892. His brother, A. Clay Williams, was admitted to the bar in 1893, and they formed a partnership under the firm style of Williams & Williams, which rela- tion was maintained until 1896, when the brother was elected state's attorney, and served two terms, or until 1904, after which the firm of Williams & Williams was again organized and so continues to the present time. In 1898 he formed a partner- ship with W. L. Coley, as Williams & Coley, which firm continued during the time of Mr. Wil- liams' service in congress. In 1902 Mr. Coley removed to East St. Louis and Mr. Williams en- tered into partnership with Paul F. Grote under- the firm name of Williams & Grote, with whom he was associated until 1905. In 1904 Mr. Wil- liams was employed as trial lawyer by the Chi- cago City Railway Company, and remained with that company for one year, when he resigned his position and resumed the practice at Pittsfield, which had been conducted by the firm of Williams & Grote during his absence. 21 At the bar he is a strong advocate and wise counselor. He prepares his cases with great thoroughness and precision, and in the presenta- tion of his cause is strong and logical, winning many notable victories through his thorough un- derstanding of the law and his correct applica- tion of its principles to the points at issue. He ranks among the foremost advocates at the Pike county bar, famous for its great lawyers. In August, 1879, Mr. Williams was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Gallaher, and they have a daughter, Mabel E., now the wife of Ir- ving W. Wheeler, of Lockport, New York. Mrs. Williams was born in New York city and is a daughter of the well remembered James Gallaher, of Quincy, who was city librarian of that city and for many years was editor of the Quincy Whig and the Old Flag of Pittsfield. Both Mr. and Mrs. Williams hold membership in the Con- gregational church and are highly esteemed cit- izens with a circle of friends that indicates their personal popularity and the sociability of their natures. In politics he has always been a con- sistent supporter of democratic principles and five times has been endorsed by his county for con- gress, receiving the support of the citizens of Pike county for that office since 1894. In 1898 he was elected and served for one term, or until 1901, and while a member of the house he served on the important committees of territories and re- vision of laws. He was one of the most promi- nent members of the fifty-sixth congress, and that he fully satisfied his constituents, particularly in his home county, is evidenced by the repeated en- dorsement of the voters. He was the sitting mem- ber and also a candidate for renomination before the famous deadlock convention of 1900 at Jack- sonville, when two thousand four hundred fifty- three ballots were taken in selecting a congres- sional candidate. Mr. Williams was the leading candidate before the convention, and his defeat was brought about by a combination of opposing candidates, who determined by lot the successful candidate. Socially Mr. Williams is a member of the Ma- sonic lodge and chapter, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias fraternity and the Modern Woodmen camp. His entire life has been passed in Pike county, so that his record 410 P. VST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. is well known to its citizens, who have found much in his life history worth_y of emulation and admiration. He is ever fearless in defense of po- litical or other principles that he believes to be right, and even those opposed to him acknowledge his loyalty and his integrity in matters of public concern. He is always progressive and affirma- tive in all that he undertakes. He never fights under cover, but always in the open, and has a large personal following who admire him for his loyalty to his friends and devotion to any cause espoused by him. JOSEPH McEARLAND. Joseph McFarland, interested in farming op- erations and also manager of the large elevator of Shaw, Garner & Company at New Canton, was born in this town on the 12th of November, 1866, and is a son of George and Irene McEar- land. The grandfather, the late Joseph McFar- land, was an early settler and prominent and use- ful citizen of the county. He was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, February 11, 1810, and his father, Joseph McFarland, Sr., was born in the same house. In 1812 the great-grandfather of our subject raised a company of eleven men in his own county and came with them to America, offering their services to General Jackson in the war against England. Thev were equipped, en- tered the army and Mr. McFarland and four comrades were killed in the first battle of New Orleans. Joseph McFarland, the grandfather, was reared in the parish schools of his native county and when fifteen years of age he entered business life as a cattle dealer, being interested with his uncle in that enterprise until 1841, when he came to America to attend to the matter of securing a pension for his mother, who was a soldier's widow. From Philadelphia, where he landed, he went to Boston, where he became ill with ship fever and was confined to his bed for five weeks. This illness completely exhausted his capital of one hundred dollars, so that when he had re- covered he had but fifty cents remaining. His clothes, too, and his watch had gone to meet the expenses of his illness, but he found a friend in Joseph Allen, who provided him with a good suit of clothes. He then entered the employ of Levi Earwell with the intention of earning money to bring his mother to America, but her death oc- curred before the fulfillment of his plans. He continued in Mr. Farwell's employ until the let- ter's death, covering a period of ten years and two months, and with the capital which he had saved from his earnings, amounting to twenty-five hun- dred dollars, he then started for Illinois, eventu- ally reaching Barry, Pike county. He found this largely an unimproved frontier district with only here and there a settlement to show that the work of cultivation had been begun. He purchased one hundred acres of land in Pleasant Vale town- ship, where he lived in true pioneer style until he was able to secure the comforts and conveni- ences known to the older civilization of the east. Plis little cabin house was furnished in primitive manner and the first chair he ever owned remained in his possession up to the time of his death. It contained a calf skin seat and was supposed to be over one hundred years old. As the years passed by he prospered, becoming the owner of one thousand acres of valuable land in Pleasant Vale township, of which four hundred acres was fine pasture land. He was for many years ex- tensively engaged in raising and shipping stock as well as in the cultivation of his fields. He erected a fine home upon his farm, occupying a commanding site upon the bluff and from the front door he could overlook seven hundred acres of his estate. The land adjoins the village of New Canton and although he paid for it but eleven dollars per acre it now constitutes one of the most valuable tracts in the county. He erected a large number of dwellings upon his place and did much for the substantial improvement of this part of the state. In politics he was a democrat and his re- ligious views were in harmony with the doctrines of the Protestant church. His life was actuated by a laudable ambition and indefatigable energy in business aft'airs, leading to successful accom- plishment and in his social relations he was prompted by a spirit of helpfulness and of gen- PAST AND PRESENT OE ITKE COUNTY. 411 uine friendship and kindliness. He was married in Ireland in 1835 to JMiss Isabelle Brown, who was also born in County Tyrone and who died in 1865. Of their family of two children John died at the age of twelve years, while George be- came a prominent farmer of Pike county. In 1870 Joseph IMcEarland wedded Maria Kindrick, also a native of Ireland. His death occurred in 1893. George McEarland, father of our subject, was born in Ireland but spent the greater part of his life in Pike county, where he was long closely connected with agricultural interests. The work of substantial improvement and development which was begun by his father he continued and for many years he was a prosperous and pro- gressive agriculturist of Plensant Vale town- ship, having extensive landed interests near New Canton. He married Miss Irene Gage, a native of Maine, and continued to make his home near New Canton up to the time of his death in 1894. In the public schools Joseph ]\IcEarland ac- quired his education and, entering business life, he has so directed his efforts along well-estab- lished lines of activity and enterprise that he is today reaping a gratifying measure of success. He is justly regarded as a successful and enter- prising farmer and useful citizen. His farm lies just outside the corporation limits of New Canton and is a most productive tract of land, upon which he has a beautiful country home and all modern equipments and accessories. In fact he is one of the leading representatives of agri- cultural interests in Pike county as were his father and grandfather before him. He is also manager of the large elevator of Shaw, Garner & Company and is thoroughly familiar with the grain trade and in this connection makes exten- sive shipments. On the 2ist of May, 1890, was celebrated the marriage of Joseph McEarland and Miss Cora Willis. Two children, a bright and interesting boy and girl, have been born unto them. The parents occupy an enviable position in the social circles in which they move and Mr. McEarland is an exemplary Mason. He has held several township offices and at the present time is a mem- ber of the school board. His aid and co-operation may always be counted upon to further any pro- grcssiAc public movement and he is classed with the representative men whose life record, well Icnown to his fellow citizens has won for him their regard and friendship. GEORGE W. SHRIGLEY. George W. Shrigley, living in New Salem township, is the owner of one hundred and ten acres of productive and valuable land, on which he is now carrying on general farming and stock- raising, making each year quite extensive ship- ments of stock, whereby his annual income is materially increased. He was born on Christmas day of 1847, in Edgar county, Illinois, and is a son of Andrew and Sarah (Shiveley) Shrigley, both of whom were natives of Loudoun county, Virginia, being born east of the Blue Ridge. The father's birth occurred July 29, 1812, and in Ohio he was married to Miss Sarah Shiveley, who was born August 16, 1815. They removed from the Buckeye state to Edgar county, Illinois, where they resided for eleven years and then went to Iowa, where they remained for two years, returning thence to Pike county, Illinois, where the father's death occurred December 21, 1888, while his wife passed away November 22, 1893. They were respected by all who knew them as devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church and people of genuine worth who in all life's relations manifested the traits of character that ever command good will and trust. His political allegiance was given to the republican party. In their family were seven children, of whom six are }'et living namely: Harriet J., now the wife of John Peckham ; Ann E., the wife of Charles Bickerdike ; George W., of this review; James M. ; Caroline, the wife of Riley Griffith ; and Emily, the wife of Henry Shinn. George W. Shrigley spent the first nine years of his life in his native county and in 1856 went with his parents to Iowa, whence they returned to Pike county in 1858. Later, in connection with his father, he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, which together they improved 412 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. and cultivated. All of the modern equipments upon his present farm have been placed here through his efforts for when the land came into his possession it was wild and uncultivated. He now has one hundred and ten acres which has been placed under the plow, and from the fields he annually harvests good crops of the grain best adapted to soil and climate. In addition to gen- eral farming he carries on stock-raising, shipping each year from two to four carloads of stock, At the present time he lias one carload of fine fat cattle ready for the market and also a carload of hogs. He is an excellent judge of stock, so that he never makes a mistake in his purchases and is able to sell at a good profit. On the nth of August, 1878, Mr. Shrigley was married to Miss Lucy Lynch, who was born October 4, 1848, and is the daughter of Castleton W. and Miriam (Epperson) Lynch, the former a native of Knox county, Kentucky, and the latter of Knox county, Tennessee. When Air. Lynch first came to Illinois he invested in eighty acres of land in Pike county, but afterward sold that property and bought another farm of two hun- dred acres. Subsequent to his wife's death he disposed of the two places and removed to Spring- field, Illinois, where he was married to Sarah Linsley. Following her demise he returned to Pike county, where his remaining days were passed. He departed this life September 11, 1905, at the very venerable age of eight3r-seven )'ears, while the mother of Mrs. Shrigley died in 1872. In their family were eleven children, of whom eight are now living, as follows : John W., Mrs. Lydia Walls, Castleton W., Hiram T., Carlton C, Aaron P., Tarltan C. and Jefferson D. Mr. and Mrs. Shrigley have one daughter, Georgia, who was born September 4, 1884, and was married October 6, 1903, to Howard C. Savage, by whom she has a daughter. Fay Helen. Mr. Shrigley has never cared for public office, preferring to concentrate his attention upon his business affairs, and in his capable management and through his painstaking efforts he has found that success may be thus acquired. He belongs to New Salem lodge, No. 218, A. F. & A. M., and also to the United Brethren church. The greater part of his life has been passed in Pike county and in his farm work he has found ample opportunity for the exercise of his talents, win- ning for himself a place among the representative agriculturists of his community. A. CLAY WILLIAMS. A. Clay Williams, a prominent lawyer of Pitts- field and former state's attorney, is a native of Pike county, having been born upon his father's farm in Detroit township on the 22d of Septem- ber, 1868. He is a son of David A. Williams, a sketch of whom is given in connection with the history of Hon. William E. Williams on another ' page of this work. In the country schools of his native township A. Clay Williams began his edu- cation, and when he had mastered the elementary branches of learning he continued his studies in the Pittsfield high school, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1887. His collegiate course covered four years' study in Illinois Col- lege at Jacksonville, from which he was gradu- ated in 1891. He afterward took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1893. He then entered upon practice in Pittsfield, and soon afterward was chosen city attorney. In 1896 he was elected state's attorney and held that office for two terms, discharging his duties without fear or favor, and to the eminent satisfaction of the people of the county. He was regarded an able and forceful prosecutor. Upon his retirement from office Mr. Williams joined his brother, Hon. William E. Williams, in the organization of the present well known and leading law firm in Pitts- field of Williams & Williams. This firm has a large clientage, being thus connected with much of the important litigtition tried in the courts of the district, Mr. Williams has been an earnest and discriminating student of the principles of law and of precedent, and prepares his cases with great thoroughness and care. On the 3d of January, 1901, was celebrated in Washington, D. C, the marriage of A. Clay Wil- liams and Miss Blanche I. Proctor, who was born in Illinois and is a daughter of Thaddeus H. Proc- tor. They have two children, David Clay and A. CLAY WILI.IAMS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 415 Wayne Proctor. Mr. Williams is a democrat in his political views and is chairman of the demo- cratic county central committee. His opinions carry weight and influence in the councils of his party, and he is reognized as one of its leading local representatives. In his fraternal relations he is a Mason, serving at the present time as emi- nent commander of Ascalon commandery. No. 49, K. T. He also belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and the Modern Woodmen camp. Mr. Williams is a strong advocate of the edu- cation of the )'oung, and believes it is the solu- tion of many existing social and political evils. In public addresses, he frequently takes occasion to promote these ideas and to praise our public- school system. The people of his home recognize these facts, and have kept him at the head of its public schools for a number of years as presi- dent of the board of education. LEANDER HADSELL. Leander Hadsell, living in Barry, farms two hundred acres in Hadley township, and his prac- tical, enterprising methods have resulted in bring- ing him a comfortable competence. He was born in Allegany county, New York, April 9, 1832, and pursued his education in the public schools while spending his boyhood days in the home of his parents, Jesse P. and Lydia (Berry) Hadsell. The father, a native of Massachusetts, died in 1857, at the age of sixty-two years, passing away in Hadley, Pike county. The mother's death oc- curred in the Empire state. Mr. Hadsell had come to Pike county in 1844, settling first in Barry but afterward locating in Hadley township, four miles east of the city. He there purchased eighty acres of wild land on which he built a frame house, splitting the lumber himself, as there were no sawmills in his vicinity in those early days. He continued to reside upon the farm until 1853, when he sold the property to his son Jesse P., and spent his declining years with his children. While in New York he engaged in teaching school but following his removal to the west devoted much of his time to general agricul- tural pursuits. He was a member of the Free- will Baptist church and in politics was a whig. In the family, of Mr. and Mrs. Hadsell were eight children but only two are now living : Leander and Stephen B., the latter a resident of Nebraska. Spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, Leander Hadsell started out in life on his own account when about twenty years of age, go- ing iirst to New Philadelphia in Hadley town- ship. In 1857 he began farming for himself in Pladle)' township and in 1861 removed to Han- cock county, Illinois, but on the isth of August, 1862, he put aside all business and personal con- siderations and enlisted as a member of Company A, One LIundred and Eighteenth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry for three years' service or during the war. He was mustered in at Camp Butler, Springfield, Illinois, and proceeded southward to Alton, Illinois, and by boat to Memphis, Tennes- see. On New Year's day of 1863 he participated in the battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, after which he returned to Arkansas Post under the command of Colonel Churchill. The Union troops cap- tured that post and later returned to Youngs- ]:ioint outside of Vicksburg. Mr. Hadsell was also in the battle of Champion Hill, in which his companv lost all of its officers. He and the other members of the company were detailed to bury the dead at that place. The regiment went on to Black River Bridge and on the 22d of May, 1863, ^Ir. PTadsell joined his regiment in the charge on A'icksburg. The One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois was afterward ordered back to Black River Bridge and the troops were mounted there on horses to do skirmish duty and watch the movements of General Johnston. They partici- pated in the Jackson campaign and later were or- dered back to Vicksburg. In August, 1863, the order was received to proceed south to Port Hud- son and then to New Orleans and later they par- ticipated in General Banks' two expeditions, after which they returned to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and subsequently proceeded northward to Vicks- burg. There they were dismounted but later were again mounted and did skirmish duty, being sta- tioned in that locaKty up to the close of the war. Mr. Hadsell was mustered out in October, 1865, after more than three years of active service. He 4i6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was al\va)'s found at his post of ditty whether on the firing hne or the picket hne and he par- ticipated in a number of important battles and skirmishes. Wlien tlie country no longer needed his serv- ices Mr. Hadsell returned at once to Pike county but on the 20th of February, 1868, left Illinois for Nebraska and took up a homestead claim in the county. Fie then improved and cultivated his wild land, residing thereon until 1874, when he gave the property to his son Samuel, who has in later years sold the farm and is now living in Wvoming. Mr. Fladsell of this review is now engaged in the cultiA'ation and improA^ement of two hundred and twenty acres of land in ITadley township but makes his home in Barry. He has been married twice, his first union, in 1856, being w'ith Miss Flarriet Jefferson, a native of Delaware. The)- became the parents of three children, of whom two are now living, Samuel C. and Ina. In 1874 Mr. Hadsell was again mar- ried, ]\Irs. Mary Card Ijecoming his wife. There are no children by the second union but he has reared two adopted children, Barbara Gregory and Cornelius ITinman. Mr. Fladsell has never cared for public office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business aft'airs, yet has been an earnest and stal- wart advocate of the republican partv, believing that its platform contains the best elements of good government. Fie is a member of the Grand Army post. No. 144, at Barry, and is as true and loyal to his country and her welfare as when he wore the blue uniform of the nation and fol- lowed the old flag upon southern battle-fields. SAMUEL F, FURNISS. Samuel F. Furniss, a former mayor of Barrv and one of the oldest contractors and builders of Pike county, is a native uf Baltimore, Mar\-land, in which city be first ojiened his eyes to the light of rlay on the 14th of February, 1832. ITis father, Thomas Furniss, was Ijorn in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1806, but was married in Baltimore, Maryland, to Elizabeth Thompson, He was a contractor and builder and a well edu- cated man. After a number of years' connection with building operations he was engaged as a teacher in a high school for several years. Sub- sequently he turned his attention to general agri- cultural pursuits and afterward engaged in the pork-packing business. He was reared in the faith of the .Society of Friends and his home was often used for meetings of that church. Fraternally he was comiccted with the Odd I-'cllows society in his early manhood. ITis political faith was that of the whig party and for many years he served as justice of the peace. An earnest Christian man, he was strictly honest in all of his dealings and manifested those sterling traits of character which are usualh- found among the followers of the religious sect with which he was identified. He passed awa;,' in 1893, at the advanced age of -eighty-sevtn years, and his wife died in the same year, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years and nine months. In their family were si.x chil- dren, four daughters and two sons. \\nien onh' three )'ears of age Samuel F. Fur- niss of this rcA'iew was taken bv his parents to Ohio and his early education was obtained in the district schools of that state, pursuing his studies in one of the primitive log schoolhouses of that j-jcriod. He afterward finished his education at Oxford University, in Butler county, Ohio. ;\fter arriving at years of maturity he was mar- ried on the 13th cif December, 1835, to Miss E. -Vfleline Pence, who was born in Preble county, Ohio, where their marriage was celebrated. Her parents were John and Flannah (."-Vhart) Pence, the former a native of Kentuckv and the latter of Butler county, Ohio. In their family were eight children, of wdiom four are now living, namely: Mrs. Furniss ; Mrs. O. R. Emerson ; Mrs. Mahala Brown, the wife of Mac Brown, who is living near Barry : and Joseph, who is residing in Kan- sas City. Mr, Pence was a farmer bv occupation aufl on his removal from Ohio to Illinois in 1857, located near Barr\-, wdiere he owned a large tract of land of two hundred and seventv acres, upon which he carried on general farming, placing his fields imder a high state of cultivation and adding many modern improvements to his farm. He was strictly honorable and upright in all his deal- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 417 ings, never owed a man a cent, meeting every obligation that devolved upon him. Politically he was a stanch republican, believing firmly in the principles of the party and in their ultimate triumph. His church relationship was with the Methodist denomination. Mr. Furniss of this review began contracting and building when twenty-three years of age, having previously learned the trade. In Decem- ber, 1856, he arrived in Piarry and has been a con- tractor here for fi.ftv-three years. He had for- merly conducted a shop in ITamilton, Ohio, but his health became impaired there and caused his removal to the middle west. Since locating here he has led a very busy and useful life and has erected buildings in Adams and Pike counties, having been awarded the contract for the con- struction of some of the finest buildings in this part of the state. ITe is today the oldest con- tractor in this part of Pike count\- and has done a greater volume of business than an^' other man in his line. In the fall of 1905 he built the new Piarry Hotel and he built the waterworks of the town in 1895. Many evidences of his handiwork are seen in the fine residences ami other structures of this city and the surrounding district, includ- ing his own beautiful home in Barry. His skill and ability have long been widely acknowledged and he has kept in touch with the onward march of progress which is as evident in the builder's art as in any other line of activity. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Furniss have been born four daughters and one son, namely : ]\Irs. Ada F. Booth, who is now living at home and has two children, Russell and Enola : Lizzie, the wife of J. W. Moring; Emma, the wife of Dan Chiningsmith, a resident of New- ton, Kansas, and has two children, Nina and Lyle ; Mrs. Mary Turner, a resident of Newton, Kansas, who has two sons, Floyd, who is work- ing on the railroad, and Lewis, who is telegraph operator at Hamilton, ^Missouri ; and Elmer Fur- niss, a farmer of Adams county. He married Katie Peck and after her death wedded Mrs. Kinney. ITe has five children by his first wife. Earl, Helen, Maud, Jessie and Harold. . J\Tr. Furniss is a member of Barry lodge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M., and also of Barry lodge. No. 336, I. O. O. F. Both he and his wife are con- sistent and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church which she joined when only thirteen 3'ears of age. Politically Mr. Furniss is a stalwart republican and for two years was mayor of Barry, giving to the city a public- spirited and beneficial administration character- ized by reform, improvement and practical meth- ods. During that time the city building was erected and curbing and park improvements made. In his business career Mr. Furniss has prospered and his life is another indication of the truth as jironounced by (Toethe that "Success and merit go linked Uigether." WILLIAM E. TURNBAUGH. William E. Turnbaugh, teacher, is the son of Jacob Turnbaugh, Avho was an early settler of Pike county, having settled in Pleasant Plill town- shi)5 in 1827. The subject of our sketch was born in Pleasant Hill township near the town of Pleasant Plill, this county, January f), 1874. ITe entered the public schools of Pleasant Plill when he was nine years of age and on the first day was filled with an earnest desire of becoming a teacher, and A\'ith his purpose in life thus early established, he applied himself to his studies with untiring zeal. His boshood days were spent on his father's farm one mile south of Pleasant Hill, and the time not spent in carrying on the work of the farm was diligently given to his books. He applied himself to close study until February 11, 1894, when he passed a very successful exam- ination before the county superintendent of schools of Pike count)- for a first grade teacher's certifi- cate, and in the spring following he graduated from his home school, receiving his diploma May 4, 1894. He began his work of teaching in September, 1894, his first school being taught at Oakland in Pleasant Hill township. He then taught a spring term at Cottonwood Grove and the next fall took charge of the Rock Hill school in Spring Creek township. That he might better prepare himself for his chosen work, he entered the Illinois State Normal Plniversity at Normal, Illinois, in 1896, 4i8 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. where he remained for a year. Returning to his native county he took up his work at Cottonwood Grove, teaching there from 1897 to 1900, when he was employed as principal of the Pearl schools in Pike county, which position he held for one year, when he again took charge of the Cotton- wood Grove school in the fall of 1 90 1, remaining there until the spring of 1905, when he was em- ployed as grammar teacher in the Pleasant Hill schools, which position he now fills. He has always taken an interest and an active part in local, county and Four County Teachers' Institutes, being local manager of the South Pike Teachers' Association in 1901 and at the present time is president of the Pleasant Hill Teachers' Reading Circle and their permanent instructor in botany and zoology. ITe has written a number of strong papers along educational lines and de- livered to the various teachers' meetings that have been held in Pleasant Hill, Nebo, Pearl and Pitts- field, and has proven himself a very fluent talker and close thinker in discussing matters concerning education. Mr. Turnbaugh is an active Sunday-school worker and is a member of the Christian church, acting in the capacity of church clerk and finan- ial secretary. He resides on the farm with his mother and is known as a man who loves the associations of books. A. L. McDANNOLD. A. L. McDannold, who is now serving as the county treasurer of Pike county, was born near Clarksville, Pike county, Missouri, on the 8th of June, 1846, his parents being Newton and Louisa (Gaines) McDannold. The father was born in Mount Sterling, Kentucky, in 1807 and the moth- er's birth also occurred in that state. They went to Missouri in 1835. Mrs. McDannold died when her son A. L. was a year old. The father was a farmer by occupation, purchased land in Mis- souri and eventually became the owner of six hundred and forty acres. He became an extensive breeder of cattle, hogs, horses and mules, and was very successful in his business undertakings. In community affairs he was deeply interested and became superintendent of turnpike roads, was also county judge for one term, and at an early date acted as justice of the peace for a number of years. His death occurred May 17, 1881, when he had reached the age of seventy-four years. He served as deacon in the Baptist church for forty-five years, and was a faithful Christian man. ISy his first wife he had six children, and by the second marriage there were three chil- dren. Those still living are : A. L., of this re- view ; William R., a resident of Missouri; and Mrs. Sarah E. Nelson, who is now residing in Canton, Missouri. These three were born of the first marriage, while A. H. and Mrs. J. M. Giv- ens, of Louisiana, were of the second marriage. A. L. McDannold began his education in the common schools of Missouri, afterward attended school at Ashley, Missouri, for a year, and later became a student in the high school at Clarks- ville, Missouri. In 1883 he came to Illinois, locat- in in Pittsfield township, where he lived until 1895. In that year he took up his abode in Pittsfield, sold his property in Pittsfield town- ship and bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Martinsburg township. He since made his home in the county seat, giving his super- vision to his farming interests and dealing in live stock. On the 28th of November, 1876, Mr. McDan- nold was married to Miss Mary E. Stone, a daughter of Llewellyn H. and Mary (Jewell) Stone, the former born in Virginia in 1817, and the latter in Kentucky. The father went to Mis- souri in 1832 and there lived for four years. At the expiration of that period he came to Illinois, settling in Pleasant Hill township. Pike county, where he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of raw land, which he cleared and improved. There he lived until 1868, when he purchased what is known as the Edwards farm of Pittsfield, the property now being owned by N. B. Stone. At that place the father resided until the death of his wife, after which he spent his remaining days in the home of Mr. and Mrs. McDannold. Fie owned a good farm and \ras in comfortable financial circumstances. When a young man he be- came identified with the Christian church, serving A. L, McDANNOLD PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 421 as deacon and later as elder, which office he filled at the time of his death. His wife passed away May 12, 1891, while his death occurred April 10, 1895. Mr. and Mrs. McDannold have a daughter, Maud, who attended the high school of Pittsfield, was a student in music in the Pittsfield Conserva- tory under Professor Shastid, being graduated in 1898, and for one year has been a student in the Jacksonville Conservatory of Music. She is now acting as deputy in her father's office. In his political views Mr. McDannold is a stalwart democrat and in 1900 he was elected supervisor of Pittsfield, filling the office for two years. He also served as alderman of Pittsfield from 1900 until 1902, and on the ist of December of the latter year was elected county treasurer for a term of four years. He has never been de- feated at any time when a candidate for office, a fact which indicates his personal popularity and the confidence reposed in him by his fellow townsmen. He belongs to the Modern Woodmen Camp of Pittsfield and is a member of the Bap- tist church. The family is one of prominence in the community and the hospitality of many of the best homes is freely accorded them. In his business and political career Mr. McDannold has made a record alike above reproach, and he is respected as one of the worthy and valued res- idents of Pittsfield. HALBERT NELSON GRAY. No history of Griggsville would be complete without mention of this gentleman, who was long connected with its commercial interests and who is now the owner of valuable farm property in Pike county. He was born in Barry, Illinois, January 16, 1849, and acquired his education in the public schools while spending his youth in his parents' home. He is a son of Thomas T. and Mary F. (Crandall) Gray. The father was born in Rensselaer county. New York, in 1812, and the mother's birth occurred in the same county. In the public schools of the Empire state Thomas T. Gray acquired his education and afterward en- gaged in clerking. He was married in New York and subsequently came to Illinois in 1837, settling at Atlas, whence he afterward removed to Barry. In the latter town he engaged in merchandising, pork packing and in buying and shipping grain. He was also a railroad contractor on the construc- tion of the old Pike county railroad, now part of the Wabash system. In order to conduct his store it was necessary that he haul all his goods from the Mississippi river, having been brought to the nearest wharf from Cincinnati. He continued in merchandising until i860, after which he turned his attention to farming in Barry township and he was the first agent for the Wabash Railroad Company at Barry. liis life was a busy and useful one and in his old age he received the veneration and respect which should ever be accorded to those who ad- vance far on life's journey and whose record is characterized by all that is honorable and straightforward in man's relations with his fel- lowmen. He died in his eighty-ninth year, while his wife is now living in Barry at the age of eighty-five years. This worthy couple were the parents of four sons and seven daughters : Eu- gene, who was drowned March 13, 1903 ; Melissa, the widow of Joseph Haines ; Henry T., deceased ; Charlotte, the deceased wife of B. H. Rowand ; Halbert N., of this review ; Josephine, the wife of James P. Cassidy, who is manager of the Western Union Telegraph Company residing in Minneapolis ; Fannie G., the wife of William Stitts, a commission merchant in Chicago ; Hattie, who married Frederick Ottawa, who is engaged in merchandising at Fort Madison, Iowa ; Flor- ence, who was married to Harry Breeden, man- ager of one of the Carnegie plants in the town of Carnegie, Pennsylvania ; Gertrude, who married Ed Clements, now living in Alabama ; and Eddie, who died in infancy. Halbert Nelson Gray acquired a public-school education and in early manhood was married to Miss Emily R. Scribner, the wedding being cele- brated June 6, 1876. Mrs. Gray was born in Brooklyn, New York, and in 1872 came with her widowed mother to Pike county, Illinois. She was the only child of Joseph and Juliette (Blanch- ard) Scribner, both of whom were natives of 4-2 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Westchester county. New York. Her father was a newspaper man, who put aside a protitable busi- ness at the time of the Civil war in order to de- fend the Union cause. Mr. Gray started in business for himself when only fourteen years of age, .chopping and haul- ing wood for two families. He afterward en- gaged in making ice-cream and for two seasons conducted the business. In 1865 or 1866 he went to work for Captain M. D. Alassie at New Can- ton and remained in his cn]ploy for two years and three months. He next took a trip through the west, visiting Kansas and Arizona, after whicli he returned to Barry, at which time his father was station agent at that place. Air. (jrav then took charge of the railroad and express business and was offered a position by both the president of the railroad and of the exiiress company. Later he entered the employ of Louis Angle, his uncle, with whom he remained until September, 1872, when he took charge of the supplv stores of Pike and Llollistcr. AVhile with his uncle he saved his earnings and built a home for his father and mother. He continued to save his wages and while working on the levee he took time checks for his work and thus lost some six hundred dol- lars, for the firm failed. Then borrowing one dollar from his uncle, Mr. Gray came to Griggs- ville on the lith of March, 1873, and entered the employ of C. M. Simmons, a grocer, for whom he worked for ten months at seventv-five dollars per month. On the expiration of that period he formed a partnership with Bryant and Baxter, the relation being maintained until 1876, when Mr. Gray purchased his p-rtners' interest. The following year, however, he sold out to E. W. Baxter, and gave his attention to the live-stock and grain business, in which he continued until 1879. He then took charge of the Jacksonville packing house at Jacksonville, Illinois, and in 1880, in connection Avith J. B. Morrison and Charles T. Kenney, he built the elevator at Griggsville. He then had charge of the grain business, which he conducted until 1887, when he went to Kansas City, Missouri, and purchased an interest in a grocery store, but the following year sold out there and returned to Griggsville. Here he took charge of the dry-goods business owned by W. W. Kenney and conducted the store until 1898, when the firm became H. N. Gray & Company, Mr. Gray remaining at the head of the institution and becoming sole proprietor in 1903. He conducted the store with good success until January, 1905, when he closed out the business and is now practically living retired. He owns, however, seven hundred acres of fine land and gives personal supervision to his property. He also has five hundred acres of land in Minnesota and likewise property in ^lissouri and California. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gray have been born two children. Shirley E., who was born April 4, 1877, and served in the Spanish-American war as a member of Battery A under Captain Rumboldt, was graduated from Griggsville high school when seventeen vears of age and afterward attended the State Universit}', He also attended the Colum- bia University at Xcw York city for two years and at one time taught in Fairport College at A\'ichita. Kansas, having charge of the classes in chemistry and physics, and is now filling a gov- ernment position in the Philippine Islands. The daughter, Molly B., born April 30, 1880, is the wife of Walter D. Humiston, assistant auditor of the Twin City Rapid Transit Company of St. Paul and J\Iinneapolis. The children have both been afforded excellent educational privileges and Mrs. Humiston is likewise a graduate of the Griggsville high school. Mr. Gray is a member of Pike lodge. No. 73, L O. O. F,, and he favors the Episcopal church, of which his wife is a member. In politics he is an earnest advocate of republican principles and served as mayor of the city for two terms. He was also a member of the school board for sev- eral terms and alderman for fifteen years and he gave tangible evidence of his devotion to the gen- eral good in his active co-operation in many meas- ures that have been of permanent and lasting ben- efit to Griggsville. Each step in his business ca- reer has been carefully and thoughtfully made and as the years advanced he has prospered through his unfaltering diligence, economy and capable management. To those familiar with his history it will seem trite to say that he has risen unaided from a place of comparative obscurity to rank with the leading business men of Griggsville, PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 423 but it is only just to say in a history that will de- scend to future generations that his business ca- reer has been such as any man might be proud to possess and it has excited the admiration and won the respect of his contemporaries. CHARLES H. DOSS, jM. D. The consensus of opinion on the part of the public and the profession concerning Dr. Charles H. Doss, of Pittsfield, has been most favorable during the forty-five years of his connection with the medical fraternity, and he is the honored fam- ily phvsician in many a household, where his pro- fessional services have been retained through long years. He was born . in Simpson county, Ken- tucky, February 19, 1834, a son of Joel Burgess Doss, who w'as a native of Kentucky and of Saxon ancestr)'. ITe was a minister of the Baptist church and also a physician of the allopathic school. He married Miss Mildred Flurt, a daugh- ter of Charles Hurt, who was a native of Ken- tucky and of Welsh lineage. Judge Flurt, of Texas, and Captain Hurt, of Barry, Illinois, are relatives of Dr. Doss, and many of the repre- sentatives of the family are found in various sec- tions of the southern states. Dr. Doss was one of twelve children and his school privileges were limited, he educating him- self from the age of fifteen years. Fie was reared in and near Hopkinsville, Kentucky, until twenty years of age, in the meantime serving an appren- ticeship to the milling business. He then came to Illinois, arriving in Jacksonville with onlv twenty-five cents in his pocket. For five years he continued to make his home in Morgan county, acting as superintendent of the Waverley Mills at Waverley. In the fall of 1859 he went to Car- rollton, Greene county, this state, and entered the office of Dr. A. W. Bowman, an eclectic physi- cian, under whose direction he read medicine dur- ing i860 and 1861. In the fall of the latter year he matriculated in the Eclectic Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, which he attended for a year, after which he began to practice in Fayette. Greene county, Illinois, where he remained from May, 1862, until November, 1867. He then took up his abode in Manchester, Scott county, where he practiced until the spring of 1876. In the meantime he had attended lectures and was grad- uated from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cin- cinnati. In the latter year he came to Pittsfield, where he has since resided and for almost thirty years has been engaged in active practice here. A liberal patronage has always been accorded him and though the old school of physicians were strongly opposed to his methods he has ever en- joyed their personal regard and good will and has steadily gained in public favor. His professional business has been gratifying and his efforts have been attended with a large measure of success, but in sixteen years he lost twenty-five thousand dollars by breeding trotting horses, five stallions dving, which cost him twelve thousand dollars. Throughout the years, however, he has followed his profession with untiring zeal and unfaltering devotion, and in 1870 he joined the National Ec- lectic IMedical Society of Chicago, of which he has since been a member. In 1868 he became a charter member of the Illinois State Eclectic So- ciety, in which he has at various times held all the different offices, being its president in 1878. He has prepared many papers for the state and national associations and for different medical journals and through his relationship with the medical societies has kept abreast with the most modern thought of the age, concerning the scien- tific practice of medicine. Dr. Doss was married in 1856 to iMiss Mar- garet Thresher, a daughter of J. M. Thresher, of Alorgan county, Illinois, Eleven children have been born unto them, of whom nine reached years of maturity. Two are now graduates of medical colleges, two of dental colleges and one of the veterinary college at Toronto, Canada, while one of the daughters married a dentist, another a physician, a third a tobacco jobber, while a fourth is the wife of O. W. Fullman, of St. Louis. Since 1856 Dr. Doss has been a devoted member of the Christian church and his first wife was also one of its members. Her death occurred in January, 1895, and in 1896 he was again married, his sec- ond union being with Mrs. Ellen Wilson, of Chi- cago, the widow of the late R. W. Wilson, for- mer circuit clerk of Pittsfield. 424 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Fraternally Dr. Doss has been connected with the Masons for forty years and has taken the Royal Arch degree. Since attaining his majority he has affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and he is also a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He cast his first vote in 1855 for Richard Yates, the candidate of the American party for congress, and in 1864 he voted for Abraham Lincoln. He did not vote again until 1876, when he cast his ballot for Peter Cooper, the candidate of the greenback party, and twenty years later he voted for William Jennings Bryan. He has always beeni-s of maturit>-, while three sinis ami frnir daiii^-hters are yet liviiip;. Mr. Dell spent his vmitb in Tittsfield township and Avas cdneated in the district schools. To his father he o-ave the benefit of his services nntil he had at- tained his niajorit}-, when he made arrano'cments for havino- a home of his own by his marriage to IMiss Anna Eearey, whom he wedded in Pittsfield township, September 15, 1887. She was born in that township and is a daughter of John Fearey, a native of England and one of the early settlers of Pike county. Eollowing his marriage he rented a farm in Newburg township, first operat- ing eighty-five acres of land, and he also farmed other lands. He remained upon one farm for tvrelve vears and is still engaged in the cultiva- tion of that place. For five years he has resided upon the place which is now his home and he is one of the active, diligent and prosperous agri- culturists of this part of the county. He makes a specialty of the raising of Aberdeen Angus cat- tle and Poland China hogs and he is ciuite suc- cessful as a stockman, feeding about one hundred head of hogs per year. Unto Mr. and i\Trs. Dell have been born ten children, Orien FT., Orville P.., Dora S., Nellie P., Elsie E., Pearl E., Nola M., Wihiam J-. Theo- dore and Elmer E. Mr. and Mrs. Dell are widely known and have many warm friends in the community where thev reside. Politically Mr. Dell has been a lifelong republican but is without aspiration for office, content to do his public duty as a private citizen. He served on the school board for several years, during which time he did effective work in behalf of the cause of education, of wdTich he is a warm and stalwart friend. His entire life has been passed in this countv, where he is recognized as a useful and valued citizen. LUTHER T. HARVEY, M. D. Dr. Luther J. Harvey, engaged in the practice of medicine in Griggsville, was born in Warner, Merrimack county. New Hampshire, October 6, 1851, a son of Ira and Mary (Bean) Harvey, both of whom were natives of New Hampshire. The father, who was born in Merrimack county, December 3, 1809, passed away in 1893, at the age of eighty-three years, wdiile his wife, born in Merrimack county, February 11, 181 7, died in February, 1902. Although born on a farm and educated in the public schools of Merrimack county. New Hampshire, the father spent his en- tire life as a merchant in Warner, owningand con- ducting business in the same building for nearly fifty years. He w^as one of the leading business men of that place and he contributed in a large measure to its commercial prosperity. He was was also prominent and influential in public af- fairs, was a Jackson democrat and represented his district in the state legislature. Both he and his wife were devoted members of the Baptist church In their family were five children : Helen, born November 11, 1839, married Edwin W. Baxter, a native of New Hampshire, who died in 1892. They became the parents of six children. In the year 1858 Mr. Baxter came with his family to Griggsville, Pike county, where he en- gaged in business as a dealer in meats and later on he conducted a general store, of which he was proprietor up to the time of his death. He served as postmaster under President Lincoln and was one of the leading business men of this city who largely promoted public progress as well as in- dividual success and was respected by all who knew him. Eollowing his death Mrs. Baxter in 1895 became the wife of Charles A. Catlin but survived her second marriage only a few months, passing away in 1896. Mary A., the second daughter of the family, was born in New Hamp- shire, July 27, 1841, and is the wife of Dr. M. S. Wilson, of the old Granite state. They had five children, of whom four are living. Fred, born May I, 1 8/^4, in New Hampshire, died in Griggsville, December 30, 1880. He was assist- tant postmaster of his brother-in-law, E. W. Bax- ter, under President Lincoln. Abbie, born April 19, 1846, became the wife of Louis Chase, and died in December, 1885. Dr. Harvey completes the family. In the public schools of his native county Dr. Harvey began his education which he contin- ued in Colby Academy at New London, New Hampshire, from which he was graduated in i87i- Dr. L J. HARVEY PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 441 In May, 1872, he came to Griggsville and in the fall of the same year cast his first presidential vote for General Grant. In 1873 he went to New York, where he attended Bellevue Hospital Med- ical College, and in the fall of 1874 he went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he matriculated in the medical department of the St. Louis Medical Col- lege and was graduated with the class of 1875. The year following his graduation was spent as interne in the City Hospital at St. Louis, i\Iis- souri, where he added thorough practical knowl- edge to his theoretical training. 'He then again came to Griggsville in the spring of 1876 and opened an office for practice. In his professional duties he has displayed marked capability and conscientious endeavor and- has ever maintained a high standard of professional ethics. He was one of the members of the Morgan County (Illi- nois) Medical Society acting as president at Jack- sonville. Lie was also one of the organizers of the Pike County Medical Society, was its first president and is now a member of the State Medical Society and the American Medical As- sociation. On the 30th of May, 1876, Dr. Harvey was married to Miss Bella Kenney, who was born October 16, 1852, and died June i, 1894. Their children were two in number : Ira Kenney, who was born April 5, 1877, and is now living in Kansas City, Missouri, married Miss Nellie Mc- Mahon and has one daughter, Mary Bella. Florence Mary, the daughter of Dr. Harvey, was born May 23, 1881, and is at home. Mrs. Harvey was a daughter of Charles and Mary (Carnahan) Kenney. Her father was born in Pennsylvania in 1812, and died in Griggsville in 1880, while his wife yvas born in Delaware in 1814, and passed away in her eightieth year. Mr. Kenney was a leading merchant of Griggsville for many years and although he suffered heavily through loss by fire on several occasions he with resolute purpose and determined will recovered his possessions and was ever recognized as a leading and representa- tive business man, his labors at length being crowned with a comfortable competence. In politics he was a Jeffersonian democrat and his fellow citizens recognizing his worth and ability, called him to represent his district in the state legislature. He was a very liberal member of the Congregational church and his life of uprightness and honor, activity in business and of fearless advocacy of whatever cause he espoused made him esteemed by all with whom he came in contact. In his famil)' were seven sons and three daughters, namely : William, Mar)^, Charles, Rob- ert, Lizzie, Samuel, Bella, Clarence, Edward and Preston. Dr. Harve}' holds membership in Griggsville lodge. No. 45, A. F. & A. M. He has been a mem- ber of the city council and he gives his political allegiance to the republican party, while his re- ligious faith is indicated by membership in the Congregational church. His professional duties give him little leisure time to take part in public affairs and yet he is never remiss in the duties of citizenship and has given stalwart sup- port to many movements for the general good. LEONARD B. HAMMOND. Leonard B. Hammond, a farmer residing on section 17, Hadley township, is a native of Pike county, Illinois, where he was born on the 3d of April, 1840, his parents being Morris and Sa- rah (Decker) Hammond. The father was born in Kentucky, while the mother's birth occurred in Wabash, Illinois. Morris Hammond came to this county some time in the early '30s, when it was an unimproved district, the work of progress and development seeming scarcely begun. He settled about six miles north of Barry, where he made a claim of one hundred and sixty acres of government land. It was still in its primitive condition, not a furrow having been turned or an improvement made upon the place, and the arduous task incident to the development of a new farm made his life a strenuous one. He added to this property until it comprised two hundred acres, and in addition he invested in several other farms in the county, having more than five hundred acres of good land at one time. In 1864 he removed to the farm upon which his son, Leonard B. Hammond, now resides, there owning three hundred and twenty acres. For 442 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. some time he was one of the largest landholders of Pike county, and was a very successful man, owing his desirable financial position to his earn- est labor and untiring enterprise. His early po- litical views accorded with the principles of the whig party, and upon its dissolution, he joined the ranks of the democrat party, which he continued to support up to the time of his demise. Both he and his wife were faithful Christian people, hold- ing membership in the Methodist church. Mr. I-Iammond passed away in 1877, at the age of seventy years, while his wife died in 1893, at the age of eighty-three years. In their family were five children, of whom three are now living: Phoebe, the wife of E. W, Blades, a resident of Barry; Catherine, the wife of Richard Hardesty, of Pavson, Illinois : and Leonard B. In taking up the personal history of Leonard B. Hammond we present to our readers the life record of one widely and favorably known in this county. He was educated in the public schools, but his opportunities in that direction were some- what meagre Ijecause of impaired eyesight. On attaining his majority he started out in life on his own account, and he has since followed farming in Pike count)- except for a brief interval of two vears spent in Adams count}-. In 1862 he was the owner of a farm of one hundred and twenty acres Iving across the boundary line in Adams count}-, and since that time he has always held fanr, propert}- ; but he sold his Adams county farm in order to remove to his present home in Hadley township. In 1863 he went to Alon- tana, where he spent ten months and then re- turned to his present farm, upon which he has resided continuously since. He owns here one hundred and fifty acres of well improved land, which is well situated and is a productive tract, the soil being rich and alluvial. The farm is well fenced, and he has made all of the improve- ments on the propert}-. The place is also well stocked with cattle and hogs ; and he raises polled .\ngus cattle and Poland China hogs, which are either of high grade or thoroughbred. In 1862, Air. Hammond was married to Miss .•\manda Phinneger, who was born in Barry town- ship, August 9, 1843, anfl is a daughter of Solo- mon and Nancy ( McFarland) Phinneger. The father was born in Pennsylvania, and the mother in Ohio, and both were of German lineage. Mr. Phinneger came to Pike county in an early day, and followed the occupation of farming, owning and cultivating one hundred and twenty acres of land. He was also a carpenter and worked at his trade, being connected to some extent with building operations here. In his family were twelve children, all of whom reached years of maturity with one exception. ]\lr. and Mrs. Hammond became the parents of two children : John, who was born October 20, 1863: and Henry, born November 20, 1865. The latter is now at home. The former married Clara Henderson, of Iowa, and they reside in Lvonsville, that state, where John Hammond is eng-aged in the poultry business. Mr. Hammond of this review votes the democ- racv. but has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking or desired political preference as a reward for party fealty. He has given his undi- vided attention to his business affairs, and is a self-made man, who has been both the architect and builder of his own fortunes. He is now one of the prosperoxis citizens of his community, and his life ma}- well serve as a source of emulation, showing what mav be accom|)lished when one has the will to dare and to do. GEORGE W. LEGGETT. George W. Leggett, living on section 17, of Spring Creek township, is a progressive farmer, whose place of one hundred and twenty acres is neat and well improved. It was upon this farm that he first opened his eves to the light of da}- on the 4th of Januar}-, 1856. His father. John W. Leggett, came from southeastern Mis- souri to Pike county and died when his son George was only about a year old. John W. Leggett was married to Louisa Cannon, a native of Alabama, in 1855. She survives her husband and }'et n-iakes her home in this county, having, since the death of Mr. Leggett, become the wife of David Scranton. George W. Leggett was the only child of his mother's first marriage and was reared to man- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 443 hood in Spring Creek township, assisting his mother in his early hoyhood days, and afterward aiding his stepfather to carry on the work of the home farm. He enjoyed fair school privileges in the district schools, and at the age of nineteen years he started out in life on his own account, since which time his labors have been the source of all the prosperity that has come to him. He was first employed by the month at farm labor for a year, at the end of which time he invested his earnings in forty acres of land on section i8. Spring Creek township, where he resided for two years. He then sold that property, after which he again rented a farm for three or four years, and then bought one hundred and twenty acres on section 20 of the same township. A number of years later he traded that property for forty acres, where he now resides, on section 17, Spring Creek township, and as his financial resources have incerased he has extended the boundaries of his place from time to time, adding on two dif- ferent occasions forty-acre tracts, so that he now has a good property of one hundred and twenty acres. He has erected an attractive two-story frame residence and good outbuildings upon his place, has also planted an orchard, and has con- siderable small fruit. On the nth of April, 1877, Mr. Leggett was united in marriage to Miss Alice Burbridge, a native of Pike county, and a daughter of George W. Burbridge, who was born in Bath county, Kentucky, in 1822, while his wife, who in her maidenhood was Nancy E. Ben, was also a native of the Blue Grass state. Mr. Burbridge, on leav- ing Kentucky, became a resident of Pike county, Missouri, and subsequently he purchased land and settled in Pike county, Illinois, taking up his abode here in 1842, and continuing a resident of this county up to the time of his death. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Leggett have been born eight chil- dren, of whom two died in infancy. The others are: Lillie Florean, Louisa Elizabeth, Bessie, John W., Dovie Edith and Logan. Mrs. Leggett is a member of the Christian church of Inde- pendence. Mr. Leggett belongs to the Modern Woodmen camp at Nebo; and in politics he has always been a supporter of the men who are pledged to uphold republican principles. He and his estimable wife have labored together since the time of their marriage,and have now a neat and comfortable home in Spring Creek township, Mr. Leggett being numbered among the enter- prising farmers of the community. His life record proves what may be accomplished by de- termined purpose, self-reliance and laudable am- bition, for these have been the strong and salient elements in his life work. HIRAM S. CHURCHILL. Hiram S. Churchill is the owner of a valuable farm of three hundred acres of fine land on sec- tions 14 and 23, Kinderhook township, in the midst of which stands a beautiful brick residence sur- rovmded by a well kept lawn. The barnyard con- tains good stables, sheds and cribs and stock of good grades is found in the pastures. There is every evidence of the careful supervision of a painstaking and progressive owner, whose labors are actuated by a progressive yet practical spirit. Mr. Churchill was born on the farm where he now lives, his natal day being November 25. 1853. ^^ ^^ ^ ^O" °f Almon S. and Mary (Hunn) Churchill. The father was born near Batavia, New York, in 1812, and was reared to the life of a farmer in the place of his nativity, remaining in the east until 1833, when at the age of twenty-one years he came to Pike county. In 1835, however, he returned to the Empire state and was there married to Miss Mary A. H^unn, who was born in 1812 in Hartford, Con- necticut, in which city she made her home until fifteen years of age, when she accompanied her parents on their removal to Batavia, New York. Following his marriage Mr. Churchill brought his bride to Pike county, making the journey with a span of ponies and wagon. This was long- before the era of railroad building in Illinois and all travel was done by private conveyance, bv stage or by means of water transportation. Mr. Churchill and his bride, however, drove across the country and on reaching Pike county settled west of Kinderhook, where they lived for a year, after which they took up their abode upon the 444 PAST yVND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. farm which is now the home of Pliram S. ChurchilL The father, in connection with Mr. Dilly, secured one hundred and sixty acres of land, which was the nucleus of his extensive pos- sessions, for at one time he owned twelve hundred acres, all of which was on the bottom. He en- gaged extensively in trading in horses and mules and was an excellent judge of stock aud also a practical, energetic farmer who in the tilling of the soil produced large crops. He became a prominent and influential resident of his commu- nitv, his opinions carrying weight in matters of the general welfare. After accumulating con- siderable property he retired from active labor and spent his last years in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. On election days he was found at the polls giving his support to the candidates of the republican party. Both he and his wife were members of the Methodist Epis- copal church and an earnest Christian spirit char- acterized all they did. Mr. Churchill died in 1886, having for about fourteen years survived his wife, who passed away in 1872. Their mar- riage had been blessed with three sons and a daughter, and with the exception of one son all are yet living, namely: Hiram S., of this review; William E., who is living in Kansas City ; and Nancy M., the wife of Jacob R. Fox, a resident of California. Pliram S. Churchill was educated in the schools of Kinderhook and remained upon his father's farm until 1888, when he went to the village, where he was engaged in the grain business for ten years, owning and operating the elevator at that place. In 1898, however, he returned to the farm, where he has since resided and he is now the owner of three hundred acres of very pro- ductive land on sections 14 and 23, Kinderhook township, most of which is bottom land. He has an excellent farm here, well fenced, and its equip- ments are in keeping with all modern ideas of agricultural progress. His residence is a fine brick house, tastefully furnished, and he has good buildings for the shelter of grain and stock. The fields are carefully tilled and he also raises good grades of cattle, horses and hogs upon his farm, which is conveniently situated about a mile north- west of Kinderhook, thus bringing railroad facili- ties within easy access together with all of the advantages of town life. On the 27th of December, 1874, Mr. Churchill was united in marriage to Miss Martha C. Smith, who was born in Pike county, Illinois, June 12, 1854, and IS a daughter of Charles and Lizzie (Hull) Smith. The father was born in Vir- ginia and came to Pike county at an early day, after which he carried on general farming ' in Kinderhook township up to the time of his demise, which occurred in 1870. His widow still resides in that township. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Churchill has been blessed with four sons' and three daughters ; D. A., born in September, 1875, and now living on the home farm, married Essie Likes. Bessie, born in August, 1876, is with her parents. Fred, born in August, 1877, and now living at Pa3rson, Illinois, marrted Ethel Tooley. Charles, bom in December, 1879, married Ada McKinney and lives on his father's farm. Frank, born in July, 1882, died in Wyoming at the age of twenty-three years. Nellie, born in July, 1886, is the wife of Harry McGuire, bookkeeper for the Swift Packing Company of Chicago. Uldene is at home. In politics Mr. Churchill is strictly independent. He does not bind himself by party ties, but votes as he thinks preferable and as his mature judg- ment indicates. For fifteen years he served as school trustee and has ever been interested in the cause of public education. He belongs to the Odd Fellows lodge, No. 757, of Kinderhook, of which he is a charter member and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. They are sociable, entertaining people, with whom it is a pleasure to meet and the hospitality of their home is greatly enjoyed by their many friends. JOHN F. WATKINS. John F. Watkins, a farmer and stock-raiser, owning and operating one hundred and eighty acres of land in section 29, Griggsville township, has resided upon his present farm since 1869. He was born October 9, 1846, in Warner, New Hampshire, and was a student in the public MR. AND MRS. J. F. WATKINS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 447 schools of Merrimack county, that state, until thirteen years of age. His parents, George and Abbie C. (Bean) Watkins, were also natives of New Hampshire, the former born November 4, 1822, and the latter on the 6th of August, 1824. The father was educated in Wilmot Academy in his native state and also in Lowell, Massa- chusetts, where among his classmates were sev- eral students who afterward gained distinction, including General Benjamin F. Butler, Dr. Sa- very and ex-Governor Straw, of New Hampshire. On the I2th of January, 1842, George Wat- kins was united in marriage to Miss Abbie C. Bean and they became the parents of seven chil- dren, namely : James, who was born March 29, 1844, and is now farming in Kansas; John F., of this review ; Mary S., who was born August 31, 1848, and died in September, 1872; Martha, who was born August 30, 1850, and died in Feb- ruary, 1897; Lizzie, who was born March 10, 1856, and became the wife of Charles FL Tood, who is now living at New Richmond, Wisconsin, where he is engaged in the jewelry business; Fred O., who was born August 3, 1862, and died March 19, 1899; and George A., who was born October 17, 1864, and died September 5, 1896. The members of this family were all born in New Hampshire .save the last two, who were natives of Fredericktown, Missouri. It was in the year 1858 that the parents left their old home in Warner, New Hampshire, and removed to Fredericktown, where they remained for about five years. The}' came west for the purpose of living in a milder climate, and from Missouri they removed to Griggsville, Illinois, where they spent about five years and then went to Kansas, locating in Jackson county, that state. There the father gave his attention to farming and stock-raising, spending his remaining days in that locality. He was not only a successful business man but also a representative and hon- ored citizen of Kansas and for two or three terms served in the state legislature, acting as a mem- ber of the house at the time that John St. John was governor. He was also county commissioner and town clerk while living in New Hampshire. Fie held membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was in full sympathy with its teachings and for a number of years served as noble grand in the local lodge. His wife, a mem- ber of the Daughters of Rebekah, was chaplain of her lodge for twenty-five years, filling the po- sition at the time of her death, which occurred December 12, 1905, while she was visiting her son in Pike county. She was very active and bright for one of her age, being at that time in her eighty-first year. She maintained her home in Whiting, Kansas, and was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church there. Mr. Watkins favored that church and gave to it his financial support. In early life he was a democrat, sup- porting the principles advocated by Jackson. During the period of hostilities between the north and the south he was what is known as a war democrat and his last democratic vote was cast for Stephen A. Douglas. Following the war he became a republican and continued to support that party until his demise, which occurred on the 9th of August, 1892. John F. Watkins, whose name introduces this record, began his education in the public schools of his native state, and when thirteen years of age accompanied his parents on their removal to Fredericktown, Missouri, and on the 15th of October, 1864, arrived in Griggsville, Pike coun- ty, Illinois. Here he began working for E. W. Baxter at the butcher's trade and after a year devoted to that labor turned his attention to farm- ing, remaining in the employ of a Pike county agriculturist for sixteen months. He then be- gan farming on his own account on land belong- ing to Isaac Hatch, and in 1869 he removed to the old Greeno place, where he has since carried on general agricultural pursuits and stock-rais- ing. He now owns one hundred and eighty acres of land, which is rich and arable, and he raises here shorthorn cattle and Poland China hogs. On the 31st of December, 1868, Mr. Watkins was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Brown, the wedding ceremony being performed by the Rev. E. E. Carpenter at the home of her parents in Griggsville township. Mrs. Watkins was born June 16, 1850, a daughter of Henry R. and Jane (Chapman) Brown, who are represented on an- other page of this work in connection with the sketch of William H. Brown, a brother of Mrs. 448 '.VST AXD PRESENT OF PIKE COL'XIA'. W'atkins. Unto our subject and his wife have been born five children. (leorge H., the eldest, was born July 30, 1869. Abbie J., born Decem- ber II, 1870, died on the 3d of April, 1876. Alice E., born February 19, 1872. was married February 20, 1895, to J. N. Mitchell and died on the 27th of October of the same year while they were living in Missouri. Mary L., born December 22, 1873, was married January 4, 1899, to John Craven, a farmer now residing in Griggs- ville township. Frank W., born April 9, 1876, died in Los Angeles, California, May 17, 1892, while traveling there in the hope of benefiting his health. He was gifted with superior musical talent and engaged in teaching that art. ^[r. Watkins votes with the republican party and is a stalwart advocate of its principles and policy. He has been school director for twenty- one years, has been road overseer for nine years and road commissioner for twelve years, and his good work in this direction is seen as one drives over the public highways in Griggsville town- ship. He deserves much credit for what he has accomplished, for starting out in life without capital, he has won through earnest purpose and unremitting diligence the property which he now owns and occupies and which is to him a good source of income. CHARLES LINCOLN HOPKINS. Charles Lincoln Hopkins, editor and proprietor of the New Canton Press, was born near Delavan, Illinois, July 15, 1865, and on January 21, 1892, was married toMissKateBeatty,of the same place. Their union has been blessed with four bright children, three sons and a daughter, namely; Guy B., Charles L., Stephen F. and Katharine E. Having acquired his early education in the public schools, Mr. Hopkins afterward began learning the printer's trade, and soon became a practical printer, having thorough knowledge of the business in all of its departments. He has been connected with newspaper publication since 1891, being located at various times in the states of Kansas, Louisiana and Illinois. In September, 1904, he established the New Cqnton Press which he has since edited and published, making it a bright, enterprising journal, which has a good circulation and advertising patronage. He has enjoyed a merited success in the "art preserva- tive," and uses the columns of his paper as a source of advocacy of all measures which he deems will prove of direct and immediate service in public affairs. Fraternally Mr. Hopkins is a Mason, and also belongs to the Knights of Pythias lodge, the Dramatic Order Knights of Korassan, and the Modern Woodmen camp. He is a valuable and useful citizen in many lines of endeavor and ac- tivit)-, and is a musician of considerable talent, whose musical knowledge is greatlv enjoyed by the public, his .skill in this direction rendering him a favorite in musical circles. ELI POWELL. Eli Powell is the owner of a farm of eighty acres in Fairmount township. A life of unflag- ging industry has been crowned with success, and now at the age of seventy-eight years he is numbered among the venerable and respected citi- zens of Pike county. His birth occurred in Smidi county, Tennessee, on the 4th of October, 1827, his parents being Charles and Nancy (Smith) Powell, both of whom were natives of North Carolina. In the year 1828 they came with their family to Illinois, settling first in Mor- gan county, and about 1834 they removed to Pike county. The father was a pioneer settler of this state, and aided in the early development of what gave promise of later progress and ad- vancement. He was one of the founders of the Baptist church in this state, and his political sup- port was given to the democracy. In his family were nine children ; but with the exception of Eli Powell, all have passed away. The father's death, occurred in 1852, while his wife departed this life in 1849. Eli Powell was an infant when brought by his parents to Illinois, and was only seven years of age at the time of the removal of the family to PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 449 Pike county. Fewaclvantsge.swereto be enjoyed in tbi'se pioneer days ; and later with the other chil- dren of the neighborhood he attended schools Vihich were conducted on the subscription plan. Although his educational privileges were somewhat limited his training at farm labor was not meagre, and he early assisted in the arduous task of developing a new farm. As the years have gone by he has given his time and energies to agricultural pur- suits. .\t the age of twenty-one years, however, he learned the cooper's trade, and following his marriage he foUowedthatpursuitandalso farming. He now carries on general farming, and has eighty acres in the homestead property in Fair- mount township. On the 31st of January, 1850, Mr. Powell was united in marriage to 3iliss Elizabeth Taylor, who was born December i, 1834, in a log cabin, which had been built by her father in this county when it was a pioneer district. Her parents were Nich- olas C. and Margaret (Cradoc) Taylor, both of whom were natives of -Kentucky. Her father died in 1841, at the comparatively early age of thirty-four years, and his wife, who was born in 1814, died in 1857. He came to Illinois in 1 83 1, settling- first in Morgan county but subse- Cjuently he returned to Kentucky, where he was married. He then brought his wife to Illinois, making the journey on horseback, and located upon a farm on the boundary line between Perry and Fairmount townships. He entered one hun- dred and sixty acres of government land of which eighty acres were in Fairmount township, and which he secured through a soldier's claim. The remaining eighty acres were in Perry township. He was entitled to the former tract by reason of his service in the Black Hawk war. At one time he had two hundred and forty acres of land, and aided in the development of this property, show- ing a thorough understanding of agricultural methods. As a pioneer settler he aided in reclaim- ing a wild district for the uses of civilization, and moreover, in communit-\' interests he mani- fested a helpful spirit and contributed in substan- tial measures to tlie public good. He was asses- sor for two terms, and was also collector; and in his political views was a democrat. He held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. In his family were four children, but only two arc now living, Mrs. Powell and Mary A. Taylor, who was engaged in the millinery business in I'ittsfield for several years. Unto Mr. and Airs. Powell have been born eight children, of whom four sons and two daugh- ters are yet living: George, a resident of Idaho; Elsie, who is engaged in the milliner}- business in Fish Hook; Ermittie, the wife of John Hobbs, who is living in Cass county, Missouri ; James .Vlbert, who married Viola Taylor and is living in Perry ; Theodore, who married Marietta En-' sley and resides in Fish Hook; and Simon T., who married Emma Davis and lives in Fish Hook. The two latter are familiarlv known as the Powell Brothers. They are engaged in gen- eral merchandising and have built up a large trade. Mr. Powell exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the demo- cratic part}-, and he has been a subscriber to the Pike Count}- Democrat for more than a half cen- tury. He has never sought or desired public of- fice, however, and he has never served on a jury. Flis wife is a member of the Christian church. The Powell famil}- are well known, and the fam- il}- name has figured in connection with the his- tory of Pike county for more than three quar- ters of a century, its representatives standing as a high type of citizenship, interested in the move- n-ients and n-ieasnres that have brought about the present prosperity and conditions of advanced civilization which are found here to-dav. Eli T'owell as a pioneer of 1834 well deserves men- tion in this volume, and his familiaritv with the history of the county enables him to relate many interesting incidents concerning the early days in this part of the state. ALMON C. BANCROFT. Almon C. Bancroft, whose beautiful home is one of the fine residences of the county, is classed to-day 'with the substantial citizens, having five hundred acres of valuable bottom land. His success is creditable and his business abilitv un- 450 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. mistakable. He was bom in Massachusetts, May 8, i860, and is a son of Plarvey and Lydia (Gaines) Bancroft, both of whom were natives of the old Bay state. In 1864 the father came with his family to Pike county, locating on the river bottom south of Kinderhook, where he carried on farming- on a small scale. He and his wife were members of the Baptist church, and he is affili- ated with the Masonic fraternity, while his po- litical faith was indicated by the support which he gave to the republican party. His wife died in 1873 and he afterward married Amelia Mays. His death occurred in 1892; and his second wife is now living near Kinderhook. There were born of the first marriage five sons, namely : Almon C. George, who is living in Leadville, Colorado Lester, who resides in Canon City, Colorado Charles, who makes his home in Trinidad, that state; and Lewis, who is likewise living in Colorado. Almon C. Bancroft was a public-school stu- dent in Pike county between the 'ages of six and thirteen vears. He then left home and went to live with Timothy Colvin, with whom he re- mained until twent}- years of age, when he started out upon an independent business career. He spent one summer in the west on a cattle range in New Mexico and Texas, being at that time only nineteen years of age. After leaving Mr. Colvin he worked by the month for one season on the farm, and then went to work on the rail- road with a bridge gang, being thus eniplo)'ed for a year and a half. He was afterward employed by the month for some time for about two years, when he began farming on his own account, making his first purchase of land when thirty- four years of age. He thus became the owner of one hundred and nineteen acres on the river bot- tom, which constitutes the nucleus of his present extensive possessions, for as the years have gone by he has placed his money in the safest of all investments — real estate — until he is now the owner of five hundred acres of very valuable land, most of which is bottom land, and is very rich and productive. The farm is well improved and well fenced, and in its midst stands a beautiful two-story residence about thirty-two feet square. It is surrounded by a well-kept lawn ; and the house is one of the best in this part of the county Mr. Bancroft gives his attention to the cultiva- tion of the fields and also raises some stock, and in his work his indefatigable energy and honorable purpose stand as strong and resultant elements. In 1882 occurred the marriage of Mr. Ban- croft and Miss Delia Lewton, who was born in Pike county in 1862, and is a daughter of Daniel and Christina (Decker) Lewton. The father's birth occurred in Pike county, Illinois, and he was a son of Daniel Lewton, who came here from Pennsylvania, casting in his lot with the early settlers. .The mother was also born in this county, her parents located in pioneer days, hav- ing removed to this state from Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft now have two sons : Harry, born April 17, iSgo; and Lewis, born January 20, 1892. Mr. Bancroft is a member of Kinderhook lodge. No. 353, A. F. & A. M., also of Barry chapter, No. 88, R. A. M. He likewise belongs to Kinderhook lodge. No. 757, I. O. O. F., in which he has passed all of the chairs, and he is a member of the Modern Woodmen camp at Kin- derhook, and the Pike County Mutual Associa- tion, while his wife belongs to the Eastern Star. Both are devoted Christian people, holding mem- bership in the Baptist church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful part. Mr. Bancroft is a democrat, but without aspiration for office, preferring to give his undivided en- ergies to his business affairs. He has been de- pendent upon no outside aid or influence, but has placed his faith in the sure and dependable quali- ties of close application and unfaltering diligence, and his life exemplifies the term, dignity of labor, and shows forth the sure rewards of per- sistent, honorable effort. CHARLES G. WINN. Charles G. Winn is numbered among the na- tive sons of Griggsville township and throughout his entire life has displayed the enterprising spirit which has been the dominant factor in the upbuilding of the middle west. He is extensively C. G. WINN PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 453 engaged in buying and feeding cattle and hogs and also in the production and shipment of apples, having one of the finest orchards in this part of Illinois. His natal day was December ii, 1847, his parents being James and Hannah (Converse) Winn, the former born in Belmont, Massachu- setts, in January, 1808, and the latter in Win- chester, Massachusetts, in 181 1. Mr. Winn was educated in Boston and in his youth was appren- ticed to a grocery man. Attracted by the oppor- tunities offered by the new and growing west, he came to Illinois in 1833 and took up govern- ment land, forty acres of which has never been held except by one who has borne the name of Winn. Later he purchased more land, built a home and for a number of years was engaged in the meat business on his farm, buying and packing pork, which he shipped to Boston by way of New Orleans. He had a partner living in Chelsea, Massachusetts, who attended to the sale in the east. In 1836, Hannah' Converse came to Griggsville Landing, making the trip across ■ the country to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, thence by way of the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Griggsville Landing. Here she gave her hand in marriage to James Winn. There were onl)' a few houses in Griggsville at that time and the young couple began their domestic life in one of these. Mr. Winn continued packing pork in the winter months and in farming in the summer seasons and at one time was the owner of eight hundred acres of land but sold much of this until at the time of his death his landed pos- sessions comprised but three hundred acres. He acted as supervisor for many years, filling the position at the time of his demise, and to the republican party he gave stalwart and tmfalter- ing support. Both he and his wife held member- ship in the Congregational church. In their family were nine children, if whom seven are now living : Jennie, Louise, James, Hattie, Charles G., Abbie and Elizabeth. The father died in Jan- uary, 1861, at the age of fifty-three years, while the mother passed away in 1888, at the advanced age of seventy-seven years. Charles G. Winn was reared to the occupation of farming and in the public schools acquired his elementary education, while later he attended the 23 Jacksonville Business College. When he had at- tained his majority he began farming on his own account and he has also been engaged in buying and feeding cattle and hogs for thirty-six years, being one of the leading representatives of this line of business in the county. He ships his stock to Chicago and St. Louis markets, where he finds a ready sale. He has also one of the finest orchards of the state, containing about five thousand bearing apple trees. He sold from ten acres in 1891 fruit to the value of thirty six hun- dred and forty dollars. For a number of years he has been engaged in dealing in apples, pack- ing and selling in the Chicago market, also in Peoria and in St. Louis and the fact that fruit is shipped from his orchards is a guarantee of its excellent quality and value. Mr. Winn was one of the four in the state of Illinois who was awarded a gold medal on his apples at the Paris exposition, and was the only Pike county ex- hibitor to receive a silver medal at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis. On the 23d of June, 1896, Mr. Winn was united in marriage to Miss Lura Dimmitt, a daughter of James and Elsie (Flinn) Dimmitt. Her father, who was born in Griggsville in 1852, is now liv- ing in Scott county, Illinois, and in 1870 he was married to Miss Flinn, whose birth occurred in St. Louis, Missouri, in 185 1. He had acquired a pub- lic-school education, and he lived at home until the time of his marriage, when he began farming for himself, settling in Griggsville township. He removed to Scott county in March, 1905, and is now living there engaged in farming and stock- raising. Fie belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. In his family were nine children, of whom eight are yet living: Bertha ; Lura, who was born November 13, 1873 ; Nelson ; Gordon ; Grace; Roy; Helen; and Byron. Mr. and Mrs. Winn have one daughter, Helen Elsie, born Jan- uary 14, 1899. In 1903 Mr. Winn purchased the old homestead of Robert Seaborn, one of the fine brick houses of Griggsville. Although built in 1855, it is still in splendid condition and is one of the attractive residences of the city. Here he and his family are now residing and they have many warm friends in the town and through- out the county. Mr. Winn belongs to Griggs- 434 PAST y\ND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ville lodge, No. 45, A. F. & A. AL, of which he became a member in 1S72 and he likewise holds membership in Perry chapter, R. A. M., and is a member of the Alutual Protective Leagaie and the Pike Count\- Mutual Insurance Company. ITe is a member of the Congregational church, while his wife belongs to the iMethodist Episcopal church and in politics he is a stanch republican. ]\Ir. Winn has spent his entire life in Pike county and the fact that many of his stanchest friends are those who have known him from his boy- hood days to the present is an indication that he has lived an upright, honorable life, never taking advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen in business transactions, while in his social relations he has displayed courtesy and consideration for others that win genuine personal regard. THOAIAS AIANTOX. Thomas Manton, for many years a resident of Pike county, where his business integrity has never been called into question and where his suc- cess has been most worthily won, was born in Lincolnshire, England, on the i6th of April, 1844, his parents being James and Charlotte (Ham- merton) Manton, both of whom were also natives of Lincolnshire. The father was born January i, 1813, while the mother's birth occurred in Febru- ary, 181 7. In the year 1854 Mr. ]\Ianton came to this country with his wife and children, sailing from Liverpool to New York cit}', the voyage consuming thirty-three days, for they encountered severe weather and rough seas. From New York they proceeded by way of the Hudson river to Alban}-, thence by rail to Buffalo and on by wa\' of the Great Lakes to Chicago. From that point they journeyed b_\- canal to LaSalle and by boat down the Illinois river to Griggsville Landing. Mr. Manton worked the first }'ear for Joe Stone, securing employment the second day of his resi- dence in Pike count}'. He operated the old Llazel- wood farm for tw(.i }-cars, and subsequently leased and cultivated the Thomas Simpkins farm for tlirec years. ITe then removed to Button Sta- tion, renting land from Dr. Wellington, and for six years he remained upon that place. He was extensively engaged in raising wheat, and in the '60s raised forty-six hundred bushels on the But- ton place. He removed from that place to a farm on section 5, Griggsville township, where he pur- chased two hundred and seven acres of land, while later he bought one hundred and ten acres known as the Judd Kendall farm. He afterward purchased one hundred and six acres south of this, a part of which was the John Hoss farm, and his next purchase made him owner of forty acres which he secured from the Carnes place. He afterward bought the old Charles Williams place, in Pittsfield township, and there he spent his remaining days, making his home thereon for about twenty-six or twenty-seven years. In 1878 he raised over four thousand bushels of wheat; and he sold wheat as high as two dollars and a half a bushel. He was a most energetic and prac- tical farmer, and the success he enjoyed was at- tributable entirely to his own labors. He never cared for nor sought public office, but gave his political allegiance to the democracy ; and in the Methodist Episcopal church he held his mem- bership. He died October 31, 1904, while his wife is now living in Pittsfield in her eighty- seventh years. In their family were thirteen chil- dren, of whom six are now living: George; James B. ; Marie; Lizzie, the widow of Lewis Whitney ; Francis ; and Thomas. The last named was only ten years of age when brought b}' his parents to America, and in bo_\diood he attended the public schools of Pike county. In his youth he remained with his par- ents, and after attaining his majority he con- tinued to live with them, helping his father in the acquirement of his property and caring for him in his later vears. He was connected with the work of operating a threshing" machine for thirty- six years, and is one of the oldest men in this business in the county. In early days they had to haid the machine with horses from place to place, and the machine had to be lifted on and off the wagons every time it was set up. They had an eight-horse-power machine which did the threshing in Hardin, Betroit, Pittsfield and Griggsville townships, and they worked from da\ light until dark. Later on in 1885 Mr. Man- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 455 ton bought a steam boiler, and in the spring of 1886 traded this for a traction machine. In 1890, however, he sold out and put aside the active work of farming and stock-raising. He had former!}- made a specialty of the raising of cattle and hogs, and his business brought to him a fair measure of success. His life has indeed been an active and useful one, characterized by unfalter- ing diligence. He belongs to Pike lodge. No. y^,- I- O. O. F., of which he became a member in 1874. He rather favors the Methodist Episco- pal church, but has contributed to the support of all denominations. In politics he is a democrat, but )vithout political aspiration, having always preferred to give his time and energies to his business interests, and in the practical manage- ment of his farm work and threshing he has found a g-ood source of income. sa:\i graaimer. Sam Grammer, president of the Farmers' Bank of Baylis, whose life has been actuated by the spirit of definite and immediate service in public affairs, is a native of Adams county, Illinois, born on the 1 8th of December, i860. He is a son of George W. and Experience (Cutter) Grammer. The father was born in Woburn, Massachusetts, July 4, 1825, and was a representative of one of the old families of Xew England founded in America in early colonial days. Joseph Gram- mer, the great-grandfather of our subject, was a sea- faring man, and fought for the indepen- dence of the colonies in the war of the Revolu- tion. Seth Grammer, the grandfather, was a na- tive of the old Bay state, born in 1797, and took part in the war of 1812, manifesting the same mil- itar\- spirit that prompted his father's loyal serv- ice in the preceeding war with England. He came to Pike county at a very early day, when this sec- tion of the state was an unbroken wilderness, and located on section 2, Hadley township, where he built a log cabin for the shelter of his family. It was a primitive home, with scanty furnishings and few comforts or conveniences ; but it sheltered stout hearts and willing hands, vxvX the work of cultivation and development was steadily carried forward by jMr. Grammer, with the assistance of his sons. He cleared his place of the native tim- ber with which it was covered, built the mill and was actively engaged in pioneer labors that re- sulted in the development and improvement of the county, and that served as the foundation upon which has been reared the superstructure of its present prosperity and progress. ITis death in 1858 proved a serious loss to the community, for he had contributed in a large measure to its advancement. His life was indeed one of serv- ice ; and his personal traits of character were such as endeared him to his fellow townsmen, and won him a warm place in the affections of those with whom he was associated. He had been married in Boston, Massachusetts, in 181 1, to Miss Lydia Alarshall, a native of the old Bay state, in which she was reared to womanhood. She was a daugh- ter of Josejjh Marshall, who was born in Massa- chusetts, and was also one of the heroes of the Revolutionar}- war. George W. Grammer, son of Seth and Lydia ( Marshall) Grammer, spent the first fifteen years of his life in New England, and then came with his parents to Pike county, Illinois, in 1840. He lived here for ten years, after which he removed to Adams county, where he resided for a long period. Eventually, however, he returned to this county, establishing his home in Baylis, where he died in 1886. He owned land in the county from the time he first came to Illinois until his demise, and was an energetic farmer of good busi- ness ability, whose well directed efforts proved the basis of gratifying success. He married Miss Experience Cutter, who was born in Woodbridge, New Jersey, in May, 1827, and died in 1900. In the famil}- were four children, three of whom are now living, namely : Sam ; Webber, a resident of Baylis ; and Mrs. Exie Huff, of Abilene, Kan- sas. William Grammer, of Pike count^^ is an uncle of our subject. In the public schools of the county Sam Gram- mer mastered the branches of learning received through public instruction and resided upon farms in either Adams or Pike counties until May, 1904, when he took up his abode in the village of Baylis, where he has since resided. In his farm 4S6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. work he manifested a practical, enterprising spirit, following modern methods in the care of his fields and his stock, and improved his place with all the equipments' found upon a model farm of the twentieth century. In May, 1905, when the Bank of Baylis changed hands and be- came the Farmers Bank he was chosen its presi- dent, and is now at the head of this institution, which is a strong financial concern, conducting a general banking business, and having behind it stockholders of well known financial strength and good business and executive force. He also owns two hundred acres of fine land located about two miles northwest of the village, lying partly in Adams and partly in Pike county. Mr. Grammer was married in 1884 to Emily Powell, who was born in Pike county in 185Q, and is a daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Mc- Cleary) Powell, both of whom are now deceased. The father was a farmer and owned about eight hundred acres of land. His business affairs were sucessfully managed, and he carried on agricul- tural pursuits on an extensive scale. Mr. and Mrs. Grammer have become the parents of two sons, Earl and Eugene. The family residence is attractive by reason of its warm-hearted hospital- ity as well as from the fact that it is a modern home in the midst of tasteful surroundings. Mr. Grammer votes with the democracy and has been called to local offices, serving as assessor in Bev- erly township, Adams county, and also in Hadlev township. Pike county. He belongs to Baylis lodge. No. 834, I. O. O. F. Public opinion is undivided concerning his business qualifications and his reliability, and his position in public re- gard is one among the foremost of the repre- sentative men of the countv. S. HIRSHEIMER, Se. S. Hirsheimcr, the oldest merchant in years of continuous business in Pike countv and still ac- tively connected witli commercial interests in PittsfieUl, Avas born in nawiria, German\-, Au- gust 12, i82v He siicnt tlie vears of his bov- hood and youth in his native land and in 1848, when twenty-three years of age, came to Amer- ica. The vessel in which he took passage dropped anchor in the harbor of New York and from that city he made his way westward to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he entered upon his business ca- reer in the new world as a peddler. He had goods to the value of about seventy-five or one hun- dred dollars and an old horse and wagon and thus equipped he began peddling through the countr}-, being thus engaged for four years. On the expiration of that period he went to the little town of Favetteville, Brown county, Ohio, where he opened a store with a small stock and contin- ued its conduct for four years, but thinking that he mi^ht have a still better field of labor in Illi- nois he came to Pittsfield in 1856 and opened a small store in a little room twenty b_\- thirtv feet. carr)ing an exclusive stock of clothing. There he continued in business until 1880, when the store was destroyed by fire and he erected his jiresent business block. In 1858 C. P. Chapman, also a dr}- goods merchant of Pittsfield, gave ^Ir. Hirsheimcr a letter of recommendation to Young Brothers, of St. Louis, that enabled him to pro- cure goods to anv amount on credit. This was before the advent of railroads into Pittsfield and the goods were shipped bv water to Florence and thence across the countrv to this city. Air. Chap- man did everything he could to assist Mr. Hir- sheimcr in the establishment and successful con- duct of the business, although he himself was in the same line of trade, and Mr. Flirsheimer gladly acknowledges his indebtedness for the aid ren- dered. As the years have passed by his business has constantly increased, owing to his capable management and well directed labors, until he is now handliu'^' a fine line of drv goods, clothing and carpets, occupying two floors. He had to ])orri)w the mone\- nf Colonel D. D. Hicks with which to Y>aY the freight on the first goods he bought after coming to Pittsfield. Soon all his financial obligations were discharged, however, and, he has ever been found faithful in keeping a business engagement reliable in his transactions and trustworthy in all his dealings so that his busi- ness has constantly grown, bringing to him the splendid success that has made him one of the wealthy residents of his adopted city. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 457 In 1852 Mr. Hirsheimer was vmited in mar- riage to Miss Mena Eppenger, of Cincinnati. They have seven children: Ben, the eldest, has been associated with his father as a partner since 1870 and the firm has had a very prosperous ex- istence. Ben Hirsheimer is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias lodge and all of the fraternal insurance companies. Lena, the eldest daughter, became the wife of Hyman Brunswick, of St. Louis, engaged in manufacture of billiard tables. He now lives in this city. Sam is in the shoe business in Pittsfield, having rented a building in 1875 and opened an exclusive shoe store, which he has since conducted. He has control of the office connected with his own es- tablishment, also his father's store. He has never married but has always lived at home and now takes life easy, having acquired a handsome com- petence. Louis D. Hirsheimer, born in 1858, is engaged in the wholesale cigar and tobacco busi- ness, embarking in this line of business in 1873 as a retail cigar dealer on a small scale. Through his ability and strict attention to business he has developed a large trade until his firm now have an extensive wholesale business in the states of Illinois, Iowa and Missouri. He began a jobbing business in Pike county in 1878 and the follow- ing year extended his efforts to other cities and their business has steadily increased until it has now reached very extensive and profitable pro- portions and they employ a large number of men, being leading tobacco dealers of the country. In his early youth L. D. Hirsheimer was a newsboy on the streets of Pittsfield and it was the accumu- lations of his earnings at selling papers that en- abled him to start his retail cigar store. In 1878 he admitted his brother, C. M. Hirsheimer, to a partnership, while in 1888 another brother, I. G. Hirsheimer, became a member of the firm, and now the firm is Louis D. Hirsheimer & Brothers. At the present time these brothers largely con- duct the cigar and tobacco business, while Louis D. Plirsheimer gives his attention in greater meas- ure to outside business affairs. He has made a notable record as a successful man through the improvement of his opportunities, his watchful- ness of the trade and his progressive methods which have been the salient features in a business which is as creditable as it is gratifying. He was married in 1889 to Miss Hannah Meyer, of Springfield, Illinois, a beautiful and popular lady, who died in 189 1. In community affairs he has taken a very active and helpful interest, was town clerk of Pittsfield for eight years and city treas- urer for six 3cars. In 1896 he was elected a member of the state board of equalization and is now serving for his third term. He is also one of the directors of the First National Bank of Pitts- field and has been a most important factor in business and political circles, leaving the impress of his individuality upon the public life of the city and its advancement along various progres- sive lines. ■ C. M. and I. G. Hirsheimer, the next members of the family are, as before stated, con- nected with their brother in the cigar and to- bacco trade, practically having charge of the con- duct of their extensive house. Ida is the wife of A. L. Stone, one of the large wholesale jewelry merchants of the west, doing business in Chicago, and they have one son, Irving Stanley Stone, who is an exceptionally bright boy ten years old, and is a special favorite with the Hirsheimer family. He is a natural student, greatly interested in all things pertaining to electricity and railroads. In his political views Mr. Sam Hirsheimer, Sr., the father, is a stalwart democrat but has never had aspiration for office. In 1850 he joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Fayette- ville, Ohio, and now belongs to Pittsfield lodge. No. 95, being today the oldest Odd Fellow in Pike county, and one of the oldest in the state. In 1901 the lodge of Pittsfield presented him with a cane in appreciation of his fidelity to the order through the long years of his connection there- with and his capability as an officer, for he has filled all of the chairs in the lodge. He has also been a member of the Bna Bris lodge, of Cin- cinnati, Ohio, since 1850, a Jewish organization, with which he is still in good standing. He holds membership in the Jewish temple at Springfield, Illinois, and during the holiday seasons he acts as minister here, there being no regularly organ- ized church of the faith in Pittsfield. Mr. Hir- sheimer was the first depositor in the First Na- tional Bank of Pittsfield and is now one of its 458 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. stockholders. lie and his wife celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in April, 1902, and both are still enjo^'ing good health. He and his sons own twentv-five residences and business blocks in Pittslield beside much valuable farming- property in the count)-, and the family is one of great prominence, having- contributed in large measure to the substantial upbuilding, business development and material progress of the county. Mr. Hirsheimer, now at the age of eighty years, has had a remarkable record for success, coming to this country with very limited capital but im- proving his opportunities and utilizing his advan- tages as the years have gone by. He is one of the most venerable citizens of Pittsfield, and in- deed is the oldest merchant here or in Pike county. Plis career merits praise and admiration and should inspire others with a sense of the true worth and value of character and indefatigable energy as a moving force in business life. JOHN A. HARBOURN. John A. Harbourn has been active in promoting various interests that have proven of value in business, social and moral development of Pike county and as a representative citizen well de- serves mention in this volume. He was born in London, Canada, October 27, 1844, a son of Jef- frey and Bridget (Carney) Harbourn, both of whom were natives of Dublin, Ireland. Thev came to America on the same sailing vessel from Liverpool, England, reaching New York city in 1842. The vovage consumed six weeks, and from the eastern metropolis they made their way to London, Canada, where Mr. and Mrs. Har- bourn were married in 1842. They remained residents of that country until 1867, and the fa- ther worked at the trade of cabin-etmaking. He was also a contractor and bridge builder, and built man)- bridges in the Dominion. In 1867 he re- moved fron-i Canada to Brookfield, Missouri, where he conducted a hotel for about two vears, and then sold out, after wdiich he went to Linn county, Missouri, where he turned his attention to farming, owning at one time t\\-o hundred and forty acres of land. He first purchased eighty acres from the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company, now the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. The tract was at that time wild prairie, and he and his family were pioneer settlers of the locality. He at once began the improvement and development of the property, and in the course of time transformed it into productive fields. He held membership in the Presbyterian church ; and was an Orangeman while living in Canada. In politics he was a democrat until 1864, when he espoused the cause of the republican party, of wdiich he continued a supporter up to the time of his demise. His death occurred in Unionville, Missouri, in 1898, when he had reached the advanced age of eighty- three )-ears, wdiile his wife died in Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1902, when she was seventy-six years of age. In their family were four children, two sons and two daughters, all of wdiom are yet liv- ing, namely : John A. ; Mary Ann, the wife of Edward Cunningham, of Missouri ; Pbebe, the wife of Albert Sharp, a resident of Hiawatha, Kansas ; and James, who is married and lives upon the old homestead. John A. Harbourn attended school but three months in Canada and is therefore a self-educated man. He was fourteen years of age when he left Canada, and went to Lexington, M^ichigan, where he was employed in the salt works, and also in a lumberyard and at carpentering, his time being thus occupied until September, 1862, when in re- sponse to the call of his adopted countrv, he vol- unteered as a member of Company C, Sixth Michigan Cavalry. He served in the Army of the Potomac under Generals Custer, Kilpatrick and Sheridan; and he took part in the battles of the Wilderness, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Pitts- burg, Fredericksburg, the second battle of Win- chester, Falling- Water, the raid to Richmond and many skirmishes. Fie was ill with t)-phoid fever at Cit)- Point, and was sent to the field hospital, after \vhich he was taken to Baltimore, Marjdand, and subsequcntl)- to Little York, Pennsylvania. Later he was transferred to Fort Schuyler, New York, on the Hudson river, wdiere he lay ill in the hospital for some time, after wdiich he re- joined his regiment at Harper's Ferrv. His Gom- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 459 mand was in pursuit of General Johnston, who, however, surrendered before the regiment reached him and the Sixth Michigan was then recalled to Washington, D. C, where AJr. Harbourn par- ticipated in the grand review, the most celebrated military pageant ever seen on the western hemi- sphere. Later the Sixth ^lichigan was sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and was there dis- charged on the 5th of July, 1865. Air. Llarbourn became a resident of Pike county in t866. He has been engaged in contract- ing, in levee work, has followed farming and has been an officer for the state in the game and fish department. He is one of the best wheat raisers in the county, and has twenty acres of land on which he has raised fift)'-one bushels and one peck to the acre. For thirty years he has rented the D. jM. Morris farm, consisting of two hun- dred and forty acres, but has never had any writ- ten contract in all this time, a fact which shows his thorough reliability in business matters. At the present time he is farming six hundred acres of land, and is one of the leading and enterprising agriculturists of this part of the state. Mr. Harbourn was married, July 4, 1867, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Burkes, a daughter of Henry and Sarah Burkes, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Tennessee. In their family were ten children. Mr. and Mrs. Liar- bourn were married in Buchanan, Missouri. The lady was born in Indiana, November 8, 1848, and when but an infant was brought to Morgan county, Illinois, and at the age of seven years removed to Missouri. By this marriage there are eleven children : Louise E., Mary E., Alice R., Lydia S., George F., Jessie D., John H., Asa D., Benjamin Harrison, Amos and Bertha. In politics Mr. Harbourn is a stalwart repub- lican and has served as school director, school trustee, constable and census enumerator in 1890 and 1900. He was a delegate to the state repub- lican convention at Springfield in 1904, casting seventy-eight votes for Yates and one for De- neen ; also a delegate to the congressional conven- tion at Jerseyville, and the senatorial convention at Pittsfield the same year. He belongs to the Kinderhook lodge. No. 353, .\. F. & A. M., in which he has served as junior deacon and junior warden, and he his likewise 1ieen a delegate to the state grand lodge, attending the meeting in Chi- cago in 1902. Fie affiliates with Kinderhook lodge. No. 757, I. O. O. F., of which he is a past noble grand. Both he and his wife belong to the Order of the Eastern Star, in which he has been worthy patron ; and they are identified with the Rebekah degree in Odd Fellowship, while Mr. Harbourn is a member of General W. T. Sher- man post. No. 45, G. A. R., at Hannibal, Mis- souri. l^oth he and his wife are devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he has served as trustee, as class leader and one of the stewards. He has taken a most active part in church and kindred work, and has been presi- dent of the township Sunday School Association, and has been chosen a member of the executive committee. His labors have been effective in the work of the church in all of its departments ; and in all of life's relations he has been found trustworthy, manifesting the same loyalty to duty which he displayed when he followed the stars and stripes upon the battle-fields of the south. JOHN ROY POLLOCK, M. D. Dr. John Roy Pollock, one of the active young physicians of Pike county, who for two years has been engaged in practice, was born in Nebo, Sep- tember 29, 1879, and was reared and educated here. He is a son of Dr. R. R. Pollock, men- tioned on another page of this volume. He fol- lowed his public-school education by the study of medicine under the direction of his father and pursued his first course of lectures in the Keokuk Medical College, which he entered in 1900. He also pursued three courses in the medical depart- ment of Barnes L'niversity and was graduated with the class of 1904. He then returned home and entered upon active practice, since which time he has built up a good business, which is grati- fying evidence of the trust reposed in him by the general public. Dr. Pollock was married near Nebo in October, 1899, to Miss Jessie P. Sitton., who was born and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. reared here and was educated in the public schools of Pike county and of Peoria, Illinois. Her father, James A. Sitton, is a prominent farmer of Pleas- ant Hill township. Dr. Pollock and his wife have a large circle of warm friends and are prominent socially in Nebo and Pike county. At one time Dr. Pollock was associated with his brother, R. C. Pollock, in the drug business in Pittsfield, being connected with the trade before he pursued his course in medicine. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, belonging to the blue lodge at Nebo, and he also affiliates with the Knights of Pythias. His wife is a member of the Baptist church and a very active and earnest worker in church and Sundav-school. SOLON HUNTLEY. Solon LIuntley is one of the best known citizens of Pike county — the owner and proprietor of the Elmdale stock farm. His life record began Au- gust 30, 1836. the place of his nativity being Ashtabula county, Ohio. He came to ths county with his parents, Harlow and Elmira (Partridge) Huntley. The father was born in Allegany county. New York, July 19, 1806, and died in Pike county in 1879. The mother's birth occurred in Massachusetts on Christmas day of 1809 and they were married in the Empire state. LTnto them were born twelve children, of whom ten are yet living. Lyman resides in California. Eliza is the wife of Henry Shipman and lives in California but has spent much of her life in Pike county. Roxanna is the wife of Dexter Milley and resides in Missouri. Martin is living in Hadley township. Pike county. Laura is the widow of A. E. Cobb and makes her home in California. Solon is the next of the family. Loren is living in Pittsfield. William was killed at the battle of Shiloh while serving as a member of the LTnion army in Company L TAventy-eighth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. Julia and Mar- tha are living with their brother Solon. Pardee is a resident of California. Llattie has departed this life. The father, who was a farmer's son, was reared to the work of the fields and on coming to Pike county, Illinois in 1843, located in Hadley town- ship, where he purchased land and began the development of a farm. He worked persistently and energetically and as the years passed made extensive investments in property until he was one of the large land owners of the county. He was also extensively engaged in the raising of wheat and his business were carefully and successfully conducted. His possessions embraced four hun- dred acres of land in Hadley township and his first home was a log cabin but in the course of years all the evidences of pioneer life were re- placed by those of a modern civilization. His earl}- political allegiance was given to the whig party and he afterward voted with the republican party and subsequently with the greenback party. His position in the regard of his fellow townsmen is indicated by the fact that for thirty years he was justice of the peace, discharging his duties with promptness and impartiality. He was also at one time supervisor of Hadley town- ship and he took a deep and helpful interest in school work, realizing the value of educational development. His wife was a member of the Methodist church. Solon Huntley was educated in the district schools, reared to the occupation of farming, and at the age of twenty-two years started out in life on his own account, since which time he has carried on agricultural pursuits. He began with two hundred and forty acres of land, which he purchased in i860. This proved the nucleus of his present extensive possessions, for he has invested in property from time to time until he now owns ten hundred and forty-five acres, and all but one hundred and eighty-five acres are in the home farm. He has built a beautiful home and other buildings and his farm is divided into fields of convenient size by well kept fences and enclosed in the same manner. No equipment of a model property is lacking and the splendid appearance of the place is indicative of the care- ful supervision, keen business discernment and unfaltering energy of the owner. Mr. Huntiey now rents much of his land, while he gives his attention to his stock-raising interests. He is largely engaged in the raising of polled Angus cattle, having a herd of one hundred and twenty head. He also raises a large number of hogs HARLOW HUNTLEY PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 463 and ships most of his stock. He is to-day the largest landowner in Pladley township and much of his land is in grass. Mr. Huntley is independent in politics and has been school director and supervisor of Hadley township but office holding has little attraction for him. In manner he is quiet and unassuming, concentrating his energies upon his business af- fairs. He has never married but occupies with his sisters a most beautiful home, which he erected and in fact has one of the most attractive residences in this part of the county. The owner of the Elmdale stock farm is well known for his splendid business qualifications and is honored and respected by all, not alone because of the success which he has achieved, but also by reason of the straightforward methods he has ■ever followed. JUSTUS GRIFFETH. Justus Griffeth is now living retired upon his farm in New Salem township after many years of active and prosperous connection with general agricultural pursuits. He has passed the eighty- first milestone on life's journey, having been born March 25, 1825, in Clermont county, Ohio, his parents being Samuel C. and Esther (Wilson) Griffeth, both of whom were natives of New Jersey, and were of Irish descent. The mater- nal grandfather, Reuben Wilson, was a native of the Emerald Isle, and after crossing the Atlantic to the new world served as a member of the Co- lonial army during the war of the Revolution. He afterward removed to Clermont county, Ohio, subsequently to Indiana, and still later to Lima, Illinois, where he died. His daughter Esther was born April 28, 1799, and in Ohio became the wife of Samuel Griffeth, her first home after her marriage being on a farm in Clermont county, near Batavia, Ohio. About 1838 they removed to Pike county, Illinois, settling on a farm of eighty acres on section 14, New Salem township. There were but few neighbors, and these lived some distance away. Wild animals, however, were nu- merous, including wolves and wildcats. There were also many deer, turkeys and other wild game in the county, so that it was not difficult for a good hunter to supply his table with fresh meat. The father's financial circumstances were lim- ited and he was obliged to work hard to support his family and develop his farm, on which only slight improvements had been made when it came into his possession. Nor was he permitted to en- joy his new home for a long period, for his death occured in 1842. He left several chil- dren to the care of a devoted mother, who sup- ported her famly by spinning, weaving and other work which she could find to do, a part of the time even carding her own wool. She lived upon a rented farm but after a number of years, owing to her economy and diligence, she was able to pur- chase a property. She kept a number of cows and walked a mile and a half to New Salem to market butter, eggs and other farm produce. She was a lady of remarkable strength of both body and mind and did her own household work and transacted her own business until the summer prior to her death, which occurred forty-five years after her husband's demise, on the 25th of February, 1887, when she had reached the ad- vanced age of eighty-eight years. Mrs. Griffeth was most highly respected by those who knew her and was spoken of in terms of praise by her manv friends, who recognized the noble and ster- ling qualities which she had manifested in the care of her own family, the management of her business interests and the assistance which she had rendered to friends and neighbors in times of illness or breavement, for she was ever ready to sacrifice her own comfort to aid others. She was a most consistent and faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and no one con- nected with the church at New Salem is more lovingly remembered than "Grandma Griffeth," as she was generally called. In the family were eleven children, three of whom are now living. Those deceased are : George W., Esther, Samuel J., Mrs. Caroline Hughes, Wesley, John D., Isaac and one who died in infancy. Those who still survive are : Justus ; Lydia A. Griffeth, who is living in New Salem ; and James W. Griffeth, a resident of Kansas. 464 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Tlu- children had l)iit limited school privileges, althoug-h the mother did the best she could to- ward giving them an education, and as far as pos- sible made up, thn)Ugh home instruction, what they lacked in school training. Justus Griffeth pursued his studies in the schools of Clermont count\-, Ohio, and for about a year after coming to Pike countw whither he made his way with his parents when thirteen )'ears of age. When the school \-ear was ended he began work, following anv pursuit that would yield him an honest living, and manifested a willingness to undertake au}- labor, however hard, provided that it was honest and useful. He was working at Phillips Ferry when the ilormons emigrated to Missouri, and he helped take Pliram Smith and his family across the river. He heard the men talking of their future intentions and, pointing to the boys, say that they intended to take all such urchins and knock their brains out against the trees. The river was very high at that time and the passage over was made in a ilatboat manned by oars in the hands of Justus Griffeth and an elder brother. The lads determined that all the Mormons should not reach the far west and laid their plans to sink a boatload of them. The}' overloaded their boat and pulled out to cross as a steamer was coming, but one of the fattest horses on board fell into the river and thus lightened the boat sufiliciently to prevent the catastrophe for which the boys had planned. The lads were very much dissappointed and cared much more for their ill success than for the reprimand which they re- ceived for their supposed carelessness. The wife of Hiram Smith was one of their passengers and during the crossing of the swollen stream she sang, prayed and cursed the boys in turn. Justus GritTeth worked out by the day or month, breaking prairie with a team of seven yoke of oxen and a thirty-inch plow. He also did threshing with a "chaff piler" machine and he as- sisted in clearing the home farm, grubbing out the stumps, making rails and cliopping cord wood. He worked as a wood chn])per on the Illinois river one winter for forty cents per cord. When working I5}' the month he was never paid higher than ten dollars and generalh- received but seven dollars per u'.onth for his wages and was obliged to do his own washing. No matter at what he worked his wages went to his mother, with whom he made his home until his marriage, which occurred when he was twenty-three years of age. It was on the 2d of November, 1848, that Justus Griffeth wedded Elizabeth Conkright, with whom he lived happily until June 27, 1859, when she laid aside the cares of life to enter into eternal rest. She was born in Kentucky, January 12, 1826, and her parents, William and Martha (Bein Conkright, were also natives of that state. The Conkrights became early residents of Pike count}-, settling on section 34, New Salem town- ship, in 1835. There the father and mother died man\- years ago, and of the original family, consisting of parents and four children, not one is now alive. Mrs. Elizabeth Griffeth bore her husband five children, but only two are now liv- ing. Riley P., married Caroline Shrigky and lives in New Salem township. They had four children : Emmett, a resident of Oklahoma ; Lulu i\I., the wife of George Moore, who is living in New Salem township; Elva H., deceased; and Roy, residing at home. John F. Griffeth married ^latilda Bridgeman, lives in Griggsville town- ship and has six children, as follows: Anna, the wife of Charles Bridgeman, of Rockport, Illinois; Ray ; Jesse ; Elmer ; Fred ; and Ada. Following his marriage Mr. Griffeth settled upon a tract of raw land on section 28, New Salem township, his dwelling being a log cabin which contained the usual primitive furnishings. He improved his land and afterward sold the prop- erty, at which time he bought a tract in Martins- burg township, near New Hartford, wdiich he afterward also sold. In 1858 he purchased a farm on section 25, New Salem township, and has made it his permanent location. He has added to it all of the present improvements, including the various farm buildings and his present residence, wdiich is a most attractive home, forming one of the pleasing features of the landscape. He owns two hundred and twenty acres of rich and pro- ductive land, which he leases to his sons, for he has now retired from active work, and he and his wife are now enjoying life in a pleasant residence supplied with an adequate store of those things which go to make life worth living. For eight PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 465 ^•ears Mr. Griffeth was engaged in shipping grain and stock from ^iaysville, I'ittsficld, Griggsvillc, New Salem and Baylis and he also found this a profitable source of income. On the i6th of March, i860, Mr. Griffeth was married a second time, ^Miss Margaret J. Kennedy becoming his wife. She was a native of Pennsyl- vania and by this marriage had one child, now de- ceased. The wife and mother died ]\Iav 13, 1886, and on the loth of Atay, 1887, ]Mr. Griffeth wedded Airs. i\lary .\. Kinman, nee Cannon. She was a daughter of Ephraim and Dorothy ( ITuntcr) Cannon, natives of Kentucky and Arkansas, re- spectively. The parents of both the father and mother removed to Lincoln county, Missouri, and there the young man and maiden were made man and wife. In 1832, while wild animals were still numerous in Pike county and when the work of improvement and progress seemed scarce- ly begun, they came here, taking up their abode in a log cabin upon the present site of the city of Pittsfield. Mr. Cannon aided in laying out the county seat and was a very prominent and influential resident of this part of the state, serv- ing as county sheriff for two terms and in other positions of public trust. He was a recognized leader in political circles and was also numbered among the large and prosperous landowners of the county. He died in 1865, while his wife survived until 1878. They were the parents of eleven children, n-early all of whom were members of the Christian church. Mrs. Griffeth was born December 30, 1836, in Pittsfield township, and acquired an excellent education. She has always kept well informed on questions of general interest and she possesses a beautiful Christian character and the useful attainments which abundantly ciual- ify her for her position at the head of a household. When she was seventeen years of age she gave her hand in marriage to T. J. Kinman, who was a brave and loyal citizen and entered the Union army as a member of Company K, Ninet3--ninth Illinois Infantry. He rose to the rank of second lieutenant and, like many of his gallant comrades, laid down his life on the altar of his country, being killed in the charge on Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. Unto him and his wife were born four children. Martin M. wedded Bessie Breeder, who died leaving one daughter, Edna, now the wife of Charles Ogden, a resident of Carthage, Missouri. Martin M". Kinman chose for his second .wife Jennie Brown and they are now liv- ing in Missouri with their daughter, Lena. Mrs. Lizzie Goddard resides in Arkansas and has two children, Allie and Irene. Allie Kinman, the next of the family, is living with Mr. and Mrs. Grif- feth. Susie is the wife of Arthur D. Higgins, of Indianapolis, Indiana, and they have one child, Neil Higgins. Mrs. Griffeth owns two hundred and forty acres of fine land near her husband's property, which she inherited from her first husband. In community interests Mr. Griffeth has taken an active and helpful part, his labors being far- reaching and beneficial. He served as school director for twelve years and was also an efficient assessor for one year. Pie has ever been deeply interested in political questions, has been active in county affairs since 1846 and has usually been sent as a delegate to party conventions or acted as a member of the central committee. During the border troubles before the admission of Kan- sas into the Union he traveled through Missouri in a wagon and although he talked abolition he never suft'ered harm although many others were persecuted because of their pronounced opposition to slavery. His early political allegiance was given to the whig party and when the republican party was formed to prevent the further exten- sion of slaver}' he joined its ranks and has since been one of its advocates. Mrs. Griffeth belongs to the Christian church and her husband aids her in its support. He is a man always known for his straightforward dealing, genial spirit and gen- uine personal worth and his life record at all times has made him worthy of confidence and re- spect. He has ever been an ardent lover of hunting and has made excursipns into Arkansas, Missouri, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentuckv, Wiconsin and Minnesota in order to enjov this sport, having made fifteen different hunting trips; Pie was a capital oiT-hand shot, and enjoys re- counting his experiences in field and forest, thus living again in memory the pleasant hours that he has devoted to his favorite recreation. On New Year's day of 1870 he and Thomas Gray 466 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. killed a black bear in tlie swamps of Mississippi which weighed over five hundred pounds. They caught the animal in a steel trap that weighed forty pounds, but he broke loose and after fol- lowing his trail for three hours they shot him dead, eight bullets piercing his bod>' before a vit3l spot was reached. They brought the ani- mal home and exhibited it on the public square in Pittsfield. j\Ir. Griffeth has traveled quite extensively, covering ten thousand miles on the ocean, while he has twice crossed the isthmus of Panama, visited points in old Mexico and more than half of the states of the Union. In 1856 he went by the water route to California and spent several months in prospecting but returned to his home before the expiration of the year. The greater part of his life has been devoted to agricultural pursuits and his well directed labors have brought to him the prosperity wdiich now enables him to put aside further business cares and in the evening of his life to enjoy the fruits of former toil in a well earned rest. Not to know Mr. Griffeth in Pike county is to argue oneself unknown, for he has a very extensive acquaint- ance and his active life and close connection with public interests have made him a notable figure here. GEORGE R. FISHER. George R. Fisher is the owner of one hundred and twenty acres of fine land and this property is the proof of an active and well spent life, for he started out upon his business career empty- handed. A native of Greene county, Missouri, he was born March 2, 1854, his parents being John R. and Alary A. (Allred) Fisher. The father's birth occurred near Nashville, Tennessee. March 12, 1812, and he died on the 6th of Febrn- ary, 1867. His wife, who was l)orn Julv 16, 181 5, departed this life March 20, 1870. Frederick Fisher, the paternal grandfather of our subject, was a native of Germany and was sent to America as one of the soldiers who had l^een employed 1n- the English government to crush (.ut the rebellion among the colonists in 1776. When he landed in this country, however, he deserted from the Brit- ish army and joined the colonists, fighting for the independence of the nation for about two years. He was wounded in the leg at Bunker Hill and crawled under a brush pile, but was found there by one of the enemy who thrust a bayonet through his shoulder and left him for dead. Life, how- ever, was not extinct and after his wound was dressed he recovered and lived to be nearly ninety years of age. Removing from the east to Ten- nessee, he there engaged in teaching school and was also the owner of a large farm in that state. He was a liberally educated man and talked both German and English. John R. Fisher, father of our subject, removed from Tennessee to Jackson county, Missouri, in 1834 and was there engaged in general farming for three years. In 1837 he came to Pike county, Illinois, wdiere he remained until 1853, when he w^ent to Greene county, Missouri, where he re- mained for eighteen months. In 1855 he came to Pike county, settling on what is known as the John Kendrick farm. His remaining days were passed in this county with the. exception of a brief period of eighteen months spent in Missouri and two years passed at Nauvoo, Hancock coun- ty, Illinois. He was one of the early settlers of Pike county, whose efforts in behalf of public progress were felt as a beneficial force. Here he reared a large family of thirteen children, but only three are now^ living : William, who resides in New Canton ; George R. ; and Charles, wdio makes his home near his brother George. The mother wras a member of the Latter Day Saints. George R. Fisher was educated in the Brewster school in one of the little log schoolhonses com- mon in pioneer times. He started out to earn his own living when but sixteen years of age and was emplo)-ed at farm labor from the 3d of March until the 17th of October, 1881. He then began working for a railroad company and con- tinued in that service for eight years and a half, when, with the capital which he had managed to save from his earnings, he purchased a farm of forty acres on section 16, Pleasant Vale town- ship, wdiere he now resides. He began the cul- tivation of the place in 1890 and has since car- ried on general farming, raising corn and wheat. On the loth of January, 1901, he bought eighty PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 467 acres near the old place and now has altogether one hundred and twenty acres of rich and pro- ductive land, which has greatly appreciated in value by the care and cultivation he has bestowed upon it. On the 25th of September, 1881, Mr. Fisher was married to Miss Laura J. Fowler, who was born in Derry township, Pike county, on the 28th of November, 1861, and is a daughter of Bloomer and Rebecca (Collyer) Fowler, the former a na- tive of Kentucky and the latter of Indiana. Her father was a butcher by trade and also dealt in furs and other commodities, being proprietor of a hotel in Rockport for a number of years. He had twelve children, of whom eight are now living. Following the death of his first wife he married again and there was one child by the second union. The brothers and sisters of Mrs. Fisher are : J. W. Fowler, a farmer and school teacher, living in Middletown, Missouri ; Mrs. Elmira Wilson, of Summer Hill, Pike county ; Mrs. Luemma Ban- com, of New Canton ; Mrs. Mary A. Palmer, of Creston, Iowa ; J. L. Fowler, of Kendrick, Idaho ; B. P. Fowler, of Cunningham, Washington ; and Elmer Fowler, of New Canton. Mrs. Fisher was the fourth in order of birth and by her marriage she became the mother of four children but two have passed away, Ellis E., who died at the age of five and a half years, and Laura Fay when five months old. Those still living are Leslie W. and Lester L., twins, born March 12, 1895. The family home is pleasantly located about a half mile southwest of New Canton, so that they are enabled to readily acquire the comforts of town life and also to enjoy the advantages of a rural residence. Mr. Fisher votes with the democ- racy and is a member of camp No. 1148, M. W. A., of New Canton. His wife is a member of the Mutual Protective League, the Royal Neighbors of America and the Pike County Mutual Life In- surance Association and she also belongs to the Christian church. She was educated in the El- dara public schools. Mr. Fisher started out in life at the bottom of the ladder and has climbed steadily upward until he has reached the plane of affluence. Every cent that he has ever pos- sessed and enjoyed has been acquired by earnest and honest labor and such a course has won the admiration and respect of his fellow townsmen who speak of him in terms of esteem, good will and confidence. ELLIOTT BAKER. Elliott Baker owns a farm on sections 9 and 16, Martinsburg township, and is one of the pros- perous agriculturists and successful business men of Pike county. It was upon this farm that he was born and as his entire life has been passed in this locality he is now well known in Pitts- field and throughout the county, where he has made a splendid reputation as a man of tried in- tegrity and worth. Moreover he is one of the veterans of the Civil war, having fought valiant- ly for the old flag which was the symbol of the Union. The farm which he now owns and which is the old homestead property of the Baker fam- ily comprises one hundred and sixty acres of val- uable and well improved land. It was upon this place that Mr. Baker first opened his eyes to the light of day on the 2d of January, 1842. His father was James Baker, a native of Ohio, and his grandfather was Joseph Baker, who removed from the Buckeye state to Illinois about 1832. Here he purchased land and opened up a farm. James Baker, having arrived at years of maturity, was married to Miss Mary Betts in Ross county, Ohio, and later he and his wife rode across the country on horseback to join his father here. He continued a resident of Mar- tinsburg township until his death, which occurred about 1846. His wife survived him and reared her family, doing a mother's full part toward her children, to whom she g"ave every advantage pos- sible. Elliott Baker remained upon the old homestead with his mother, attended the public schools through the winter months and in the summer seasons aided in the labors of the field. He was thus engaged until about twenty years of age, when on the 14th of March, 1862, he responded to his country's call for aid and joined Company B of the Third Missouri Cavalry, which was at- tached to the Western Army. He served for three PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. vears and was in a number of small battles and several important ones. On one occasion he sus- tained a gunshot wound in. the right arm but he lost no time from active service and he was hon- orably discharged at Macon City, Missouri, March 14, 1865. Upon his return home Mr. Baker took charge of his mother's property and business interests. The following year he was married in Pike coun- ty on the 13th of September, 1866, to Miss Susan C. Gooden, whom he brought to the farm and with whom he traveled life's journey happily until March 12, 1890, when she was called to her final home, her remains being interred in Prairie Mound cemetery. There were four children born of that union. On the 3d of March, 1904, Mr. Baker was again married, his second union being with Josephine Alcorn, a native of this county. His children are : Sherman, who is married and re- sides in Los Angeles, California ; Mary P., the wife of David Rupert, a resident farmer of Mar- tinsburg township ; Lilly E., the wife of Ernest Ellis, of the state of Washington ; and Logan, at home. Mr. Baker has built a good neat residence upon his farm, also substantial barns and outbuildings, has fenced the place and by this means has di- vided it into fields of convenient size. He has made most of the present improvements upon the property, which indicates his careful supervision, his practical methods and his keen insight into agricultural aftairs. In connection with general farming he raises aufl feeds stock for the mar- ket and feeds a carload or two of hogs each year. In this business he has won prosperity and is re- garded as one of the successful agriculturists of the county. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, which he has supported since casting his first presidential ballot for Gen- eral Grant in 1868, save on one occasion. He has taken an active and helpful part in political work and has been elected and served for three consecu- tive terms as supervisor, acting on a number of committees while a member of the board, inchul- ing the finance and other important committees. He has been chairman of the township committee and as a friend of the public-school s\'stem he did effective service for the schools, acting as a mi-m- bcr of the board of education. He belongs to Pittsfield lodge, A. F. & A. M., and has also taken the Royal Arch and commandery degrees but is now demitted. In matters of citizenship he has been as loyal to his country and her wel- fare in days of peace as when he wore the blue uniform of the nation upon southern battle-fields. His life has been characterized by untiring ac- tivity- in business, by fidelity in citizenship, by loy- alty in friendship and by trustworthiness in all life's relations. GEORGE H. DUNN. George H. Dunn, who after long years of active and honorable connection with farming interests in Pike county is now living retired in Perry, was born in ^lorgan count)-, Illinois, February 28, 1838. His parents were Harvey and Angeline (Milligan) Dunn and the family is of Irish line- age in the paternal line, representatives of the name having located in Providence, Rhode Is- land, prior to the establishment of American in- dependence. Following the Revolutionary war they became residents of the state of New York and it was there that Harvey Dunn was born. In his bo)''hood days he went to Indiana and subse- quently removing to Ohio was there connected with building operations. In 1837 he came to Morgan count)', Illinois, locating at Meredosia and \vas connected with railroad construction on what is now the Wabash line. The year 1840 wit- nessed his arrival in Pike county and after en- gaging in general merchandising in Chambers- burg for some years he sold out there and bought a farm in Chambersburg township whereon he remained until his death, which occurred when he was sixty-two years of age. He wielded a wide influence over public thought and opinion in Pike county and was called by his fellow towns- men to act as their representative in the constitu- tional convention of 1847. He filled various local offices and was an advocate of democratic princi- ples, while his religious faith was that of the IMethodist Episcopal church. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Angeline Milligan, was born in Massachusetts and was descended from Puritan PAST rVND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 469 ancestry. In early womanhood she accompanied her parents to Ohio, where she was married and her death occurred at the birth of her son, Gcorqc H., of this review. She was a true Christian woman and, hke her husband, belonged to the Methodist Episcopal church. George H. Dunn acquired a public-school edu- cation in Pike county, to which place he was brought by his father in 1839. He early became familiar with the various duties that fall to the lot of the agriculturist and when twenty-one vears of age began farming in Chambersburg town- ship. Subsequently he purchased land and later added to the property until he had two hundred and sixty-five acres. He then sold out and bought a farm in Perry township, devoting his attention to general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. For many years he was active in this work and in 1904 he put aside business cares and removed to Perry, where he now resides. Mr. Dunn has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Susan Dennis and their two children died in infancy , Her father, Clark Dennis, married a Miss Stought. On the 12th of November, 1890, Mr. Dunn was again married, his second union being with Mary Lackschiede, who was born in Perr}- township, October 29, 1861, her parents being William D. and Mary (Heberlain) Lackschiede, both of whom were natives of Germany. The father, who was born in Saxony, February 25, 1821, died February 24, 1903. The mother's birth occurred October 30, 1840, and they were mar- ried in Perry, Illinois. Of this union there were twelve children, namely: Mrs. Dunn; William D., who is now living in Seattle, Washington ; Lou, who married Peter Swarts and resides in Flanni- bal, Missouri ; Ellen, the wife of Harve}' Brown- ing, of Perry township ; Henry, who married Lovey Morgan and is living in Perry township ; Simon, who wedded Lizzie Flippie and is living in Perry township ; Ida, who resides in the village of Perry; Malinda, the wife of Stanley Jones, of Perry township ; George, who is living upon the old homestead farm ; Matilda, who is with her mother ; Rudy, at home ; and Lewis, who died in infancy. The father came to America in 1854. crossing the Atlantic on a steamer to New York citv, whence he made his way to Pike county. He located first in Mount Sterling and was employed by John Craven, while later he began working for John George. His first purchase of land com- prised forty acres in Perry township and was a tract of wild timber. He first built a log house and as the years advanced he continued the fur- ther improvement of the property, to which he added until the farm embraced one hundred and twent}' acres devoted to the cultivation of grain and to the raising of stock. He continued in busi- ness up to the time of his death. Both he and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal church and in politics he was a democrat. Air. Dunn has never been an aspirant for pub- lic office, but votes with the democracy. He is content to leave office-seeking to others, yet he keeps well informed on all the questions and is- sues of the day. He was made a Mason in Perry lodge. No. 95, A. F. & A. M., in i860, and he became one of the charter members of Perry chap- ter, R. A. M. He also belongs to the commandery at Pittsfield and in his life exemplifies the benefi- cent spirit of the craft which is based upon mu- tual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. He be- longs to the Methodist Episcopal church and his membership relations are indicative of his life of uprightness and honor. His worth is greatly ap- preciated and his name is regarded as a synonym for integritv in all life's relations. WILLIAM BORTHWICK, Jr. William Borthwick, Jr., undertaker and em- lialmer, is recognized as one of the leading busi- ness men of Barry, where he has been located in the conduct of his present enterprise for seven \'ears. Fie is a native son of the county, his birth having occurred in Kinderhook on the 22d of May. 1872, his parents being William and .Martha (Likes) Borthwick, The father was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1832, and was a son of James and Alary ( Dilmon ) Borthwick, l)oth of whom were natives of England. In the year 1857 William Borthwick arrived in Pike county, settling in Barry township, where he lias since made his home, givin«- his time and atten- 470 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. tion to farming. He owns one hundred and twent_v acres of land which he has placed under a high state of cultivation, the fields giving prom- ise of golden harvests. He was married in 1859 to Miss Martha Likes, who was born in this county in 1840 and died in 1873, leaving seven children, Mary, Isabelle, Emma, Minerva, Bar- bara, James and William. In his political affilia- tion the father is a democrat and has been called to the office of justice of the peace. Fraternally he is connected with the Masonic lodge while his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Methodist -church. "W^illiam Borthwick of this review was educated in the common schools and when fourteen years of age started out upon his business career. Leav- ing home, he went to Ouinc_\', where he was em- ploved for a few months and then made his wav southward, where he remained for a year. Re- tracing his steps as far as Kentuckv. he there engaged in the undertaking business for six vears. He has visited the best undertaking schools of the country and is splendidly qualified for the work which now claims his attention. Returning to Barry in 1895 he was for two years employed at the Blair hotel and afterward went to New York and Hartford, Connecticut, spending a short time in both places. Subsequently he came again to Barr_\', where in October, 1897, he established an undertaking business, which he has since followed. Pie was in partnership with James Smith but afterward purchased his interest and admitted Mr. Hazen to a partnership but event- ually became sole proprietor and is now conduct- ing the business alone. He has five hearses, four in Barry and one at Hull Station. In this town he lias two white hearses and two black ones. He keeps the best outfit in Pike countv, carries a large line of fine caskets and is doing an excellent business, being represented bv an agent at New Canton, Eldara, Hull and Kindcrhook. In Mav, 1897, Mr. Borthwick was united in marriage to Miss Ida Smith, of Barry, a daughter of (George W. and :\lta C. fBlair) Smith. Her father was born in Belmont countv, Ohio, February 8, T851, and was a son of James and Sarah Smith, who became residents of Barry. He removed with his parents to Pike countv in 1856, when but five years of age and was edu- cated in this city. In 1874 he was joined in wedlock to Miss Alta C. Blair, a daughter of Samuel Blair, and unto them were born two children. Mr. and ]\Irs. Borthwick have two sons, Men- dell and Harold. Mr. Borthwick owns a fine six- room cottage standing on two lots in an attrac- tive residence portion of Barry. He is a socialist and has been an earnest student of the signs of the times, keeping in touch with the most mod- ern thought. Both he and his wife hold mem- bership in the Methodist church and he belongs to the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias lodge and the ilodern V.'oodmen camp. In the spring of 1905 he was elected city attorney of Barry and has been honored with other local offices, having served as cit_\- clerk for two vears, as city treas- urer for twii years and as justice of the peace for four years. In the discharge of his official duties he has ever been found prompt, capable and reliable, and his record as a business man, official and private citizen is commendable and worthv of emulation. MARCUS McCARTER. , Marcus McCarter is the owner of over six hundred acres of valuable land equipped with excellent improvements. His possessions indi- cate his position in business circles, his name be- ing an honored one on commercial paper, and yet in his boyhood days, at the time when he started out in life on his own account, Marcus Mc- Carter was empty-handed, having no capital to asssist him in his business career. All that he possesses has been acquired through earnest, per- sistent labor. He has been watchful of oppor- tunities pointing to success, and his well directed energy and unflagging industry have constituted the basis of his present prosperity. Born in Pike county on the 27th of February, 1842, he was educated in the public schools, and when not busy with his text-books he worked in the fields upon his father's fann. His parents MRS. MARCUS McCARTER MARCUS McCARTER PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 475 were James and Margaret (White) McCarter, both of whom were natives of Londonderry, Ire- land. The father was born August 8, 1805, and the mother April 12, 1807. They came to the United States in 1832, taking passage upon a sailifig vessel which eventually reached the har- bor of Philadelphia. Two children were born unto them during their residence in that city. In 1836 they came westward to Illinois, making the joumey by way of the Ohio and Mississippi riv- ers to Quincy, where Mr. McCarter secured em- ployment in connection with the improvement of the streets. He was thus engaged until 1838, when he came to Pike county and purchased forty acres of wild land with the money which he had saved from his earnings. In the midst of this tract he built a log cabin and in true pio- need style began life in this county, where hith- erto little work of progress and improvement had been done. His frugality, industry and busi- ness integrity constituted the secret of his suc- cess and by these means he added continually to his capital, which he wisely invested in land un- til he became the owner of four hundred and twenty acres. He never went in debt, but paid for his land at the time of his purchase and he ever maintained and unassailable reputation for business integrity. He broke the wild prairie and cleared away the timber until where was once the dense forests the sun shone upon plowed fields and in due course of time ripened good har- vests. He was engaged quite extensively in the raising of wheat, harvesting between four and five thousand bushels each year. He also became well known as a large stock-raiser, making a specialty of hogs which he killed and sold at Griggsville and Barry. Earnest, unremitting la- bor proved the foundation of his prosperity and his life record is a splendid exemplification that a man may work his way steadily upward to a position of affluence if he has the will to dare and to do. He voted with the democratic party, advocating the political principles promulgated by Andrew Jackson. His death occurred Sep- tember 20, 1888, when he had reached the ad- vanced age of eighty-two years. His wife passed away October 24, 1868, when sixty years of age. By this marriage there were born six children, 24 five sons and one daughter, of whom four are now living, Sarah J., Marcus, James and Andrew. In his boyhood days Marcus McCarter assist- ed in the work of the home farm. He attended the district schools in the winter months and throughout the remainder of the year worked in the fields. When twent}^-five years of age he be- gan working as a carpenter. He gave of the first five dollars which he ever earned three dollars to the church. He had nothing when he started out for himself, but he early came to a realiza- tion of the fact that all honorable success is the result of close application and diligence combined with sound judgment in business affairs. He nev- er allowed his expenses to exceed his income, and, in fact, saved something each year from his earn- ings, and when his capital justified his purchase of land he here made investment of his means in farm property until he is to-day the owner of over six hundred acres of very valuable land, on which are good improvements. The place is neat and thrifty in appearance, indicating the care- ful supemdsion of a painstaking and progressive owner. In all of his work he has been systematic and methodical, so directing his labor as to pro- duce maximum results at minimum expenditure, which is the secret of all successful business man- agement. He was one of the organizers of the Exchange Bank at Baylis, subscribing five thou- sand dollars in stock to the institution, but while financially interested in other business concerns his chief attention is given to his farming and stock-raising ' interests. He now has seventy- five head of fine cattle upon his place and is a breeder of polled Angus cattle. He also feeds many cattle each year which he ships to the city market. On the 3d of November, 1875, Mr. McCarter was united in marriage to Miss Mary Kennedy, who was born in Griggsville township on the 1 6th of October, 1848, and is a daughter of James E. and Margaret J. (Laird) Kennedy, the for- mer born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1810, while the latter was born March 14, 1826. In the year 1838 he arrived in Griggs- ville township and purchased land. Later he re- turned to Pennsylvania in 1846, was married there and with his wife again came to Griggsville town- 476 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ship, where he resided until 1875, in the meantime improving and cultivating his land until he had developed a fine farm. In 1875 he removed from Pike county to Henry county, Illinois, where he purchased one hundred and eighty acres of land, whereon he resided until 1889. He then removed to Alpha, Illinois, where his death occurred on the 4th of February, 1897. He acted as school director for many }-ears and the cause of educa- tion found in him a warm friend. He belonged to the Presbyterian church, living in harmony with its teachings and he gave his political sup- port to the democracy. His widow still survives him and now resides in Kansas. In their family were ten children, of whom four are now living : Mrs. Marcus McCarter ; Alexander, who is liv- ing in Kansas ; Alargaret, the wife of Carl H. Shinn, also of Kansas ; and Allen, who makes his home in the Sunflower state. The marriage of A-Ir. and Mrs. McCarter has been blessed with five children, but the eldest died in infancy. The others are Edith, who was born March 17, 1879, and is the wife of A. Girard, who is living in New Salem township and by whom she has two children ; Joseph R., who was born July 9, 1881, and living in Englewood, Kansas; James J., born December 23, 1885, and now at home ; and Marcus C, who was born Au- gust 15, 1888, and completes the family. Mr. McCarter has never had aspiration for pub- lic office. He has, however, served as school di- rector for thirty-seven years, save for the brief period of a single year and has been a champion for improvement in the schools, believing in main- taining a high standard of public instruction. In 1868 he joined the Alethodist church, but in 1875 united with the Presbyterian church at Baylis, with which his wife has been connected since 1872. They are devoted members of this church, in which he has served as one of the trustees ever since it was organized. They are most generous contributors to its support and take an active and helpful part in its work and in the extension of its influence. Mr. McCarter votes with the democracy. While there have been no exciting chapters in his life record, his history has been characterized by steady progress. In his business career he has known no such word as fail, and bv earnest ef- fort has overcome all difficulties and obstacles in his path working his way steadily upward. To those who are familiar with his life history it would seem trite to say that he has advanced from a humble position to rank among the leading and prosperous citizens of the county yet it is just to say in a history that will descend to future gen- erations that his has been a record that any man might be proud to possess, being characterized by the faithful fulfillment of every obligation that has devolved upon him. JACOB SCHEDEL. Jacob Schedel, deceased, was a native of Ger- many, born in 1848. He came to America in 1866, after spending the first eighteen years of his life in his native Jand and soon took up his abode in Pittsfield, having in the meantime trav- eled to some extent. Here he embarked in the butchering business in connection with his bro- ther and they were associated in the conduct of a successful enterprise up to the time of the death of Jacob Schedel. The farm upon which his widow now resides was purchased by him and his brother. He was quite successful in the conduct of the meat market, securing a liberal and gratifying patronage which brought him a good financial return. Mr. Schedel was married in 1871 to Miss Charlotte Auer, who was born in Wittenberg, Germany, in 1852, and came to America with her parents in 1854, the family home being established in Pennsylvania. There they remained until i860, when thev came westward to Illinois and Mrs. Schedel lived with an aunt, Mrs. Hofifberger. Her father owned considerable land near New Canton. Illinois, where he spent his remaining days, his death occurring in 1900. His wife sur- vived until Jul), 1905, passing away at the ad- vanced age of seventy-nine years. When Mrs. Schedel came to the west she was twelve years of age and she lived in New Canton for one winter, after which she removed to Quincy, lUinois, and subsequei:itly came to Pittsfield. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Schedel were born eight children, namely: Louisa A., the wife of Charles PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 477 Clitts, a resident of New Canton, Illinois ; Bertha AL, the wife of Gust Attaberg, a resident of Keokuk, Iowa; Theodore F., at home; Harold F., living in Alissouri ; \'iola, who is engaged in teaching school in Pittsfield township; Ivan, Char- lotte and Jacob, all at home. Airs. Schedel now owns one hundred and sixty acres of fine and well improved land pleasantly situated about a mile and a half west of Pitts- field. She superintends her farming interests, the work of tilling the soil and raising stock being carried on there. She has a very nice home and good buildings upon the farm and in the control of her property has displayed excellent business ability and executive force. She is a member of the German Lutheran church and a most estimable lad}'. She proved to her husband a faithful helpmate and companion on life's jour- ney, ably assisting him by her energy and capable management of the household affairs. In his political views Mr Schedel was a democrat, but was without aspiration for public office, preferring to give his time and energies to his business affairs, and his industry and honorable dealing were the salient features in his success. GEORGE B. AIcKIXNEY, D. D. S. Dr. George B. McKinney, a dental practitioner of Barry, is a native of Adams county, Illinois, his birth having occurred there on the 21st of Alay, 1872. He is a son of John G. and Malinda (Vining) AIcKinney, who are presented else- where in this volume. After mastering the pre- liminary branches of learning he passed through successive grades of the Barry schools until he had completed the high-school course and later he spent one term as a student in the University of Illinois and afterward entered the Northwest- ern University at Chicago, matriculating as a student in the dental department. He completed the regular course there and was graduated in 1897 with the class of one hundred and thirty members. He had passed the state board ex- amination in 1896 and entered upon active prac- tice prior to his graduation. Following the com- pletion of his university course he came to Barry, where he opened an office and has since remained in business. He has here purchased a lot on which he erected a brick office building, thirty by twenty-eight feet, containing six rooms and a hall. He has here an electric lightplantand water- works, also a furnace and compressed-air cylinder and the building is supplied with hot and cold water throughovt. Flis is one of the most modern and best equipped dental parlors in the state of Illi- nois. He uses the latest improved scientific im- plements known to the profession and keeps in touch with the marked advance that has been made in dentistry during the last few years. His work has given universal satisfaction and is his best advertisement for his patrons recommend him to others and his patronage is constantly growing. In 1897 Dr. AIcKinney was married to Miss Edith Robb who was born in Griggsville, July 19, 1874, and is a daughter of J. J. and Eliza- beth (Miller) Robb. Her father was born in 1835, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and was a son of David and Sarah (Wyte) Robb, both of whom were natives of the Keystone state and were of German descent. The father was edu- cated in the public schools and throughout his life carried on farming. He came to Illinois in 1858, rented land and continued its cultivation until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he responded to the country's call for aid, en- listing in the army in 1865 as a member of Com- pany D, One hundred and Forty-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for five months in Tennessee He was on detached duty along the Nashville Railroad and partici- pated in no battles but took part in some skir- mishes. Following the close of hostilities he re- turned to. Pike county and settled in Griggsville, where the family had removed in the meantime. There he followed the trade of brick-laying for a time, continuing his residence there vmtil 1877, when he removed to Barry, where he has since made his home. He conducted a billiard and pool room in the town until 1894 and since that time has been ])roprietor of a bakery. In 1858 he married Miss Elizabeth Miller, of Pike county, who was born in Pennsylvania and died here in Januarw 1898. They had eight children, of whom 47^ PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. four are now living: Mrs. Edith McKinney ; Mortimer, who is associated with his father in the baker)'; J. VV., a resident of Centertown, Missouri ; and Fannie, wife of J. B. Watson, a hardware merchant of Barry. Mr. Robb is a republican in his political views, while fraternally he is connected with the Grand Army of the Re- public and with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, having been affiliated with the latter for twenty-nine years. Dr. and Mrs. McKinney have one child, Ruth Marie, born February 21, 1901. The Doctor votes with the republican party and has been a member of the city council for two years, exer- cising his ofhcial prerogatives in support of all progressive public measures. He belongs to Barry lodge. No. 34, A. F. & A. M., also the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Knights of Pythias fraternity, the Modern Wood- men camp and the Pike County Mutual Asso- ciation. Along professional lines he is connected with the Morgan County Dental Society, which includes five counties within its membership, and has been honored with the office of vice president. He is also a member of the State Dental Society. He began preparation for the profession in 1894 and added to his knowledge of the great scien- tific principles which underly the work, natural mechanical skill and ability. The dental pro- fession is unique in that it demands three dis- tinct qualifications for success — strong mentality for the mastery of the science, mechanical ingen- uity for the operating room, and keen business discernment for the management of the financial part of the business. In all Dr. McKinney is well equipped and his business has constantly grown in extent and importance. CHARLES B. GOSE. Charles B. Gose, a dealer in general merchan- dise at Kinderhook, where for twenty-five years he has been engaged in business so that his name is inseparably interwoven with the history of com- mercial activity in the village and who is also capably carrying on farming interests, was born in Pike county on the 4th of September, 1837, and is a son of John and Eliza J. (Bickley) Gose. The father was born in Russell county, Virginia, and was reared to the life of a farmer in his native state. He was married there in March, 1835, to Eliza J. Bickley, also a native of the Old Dominion. Thirty days after their marriage they started for Pike county, Illinois, and came over- land, being a long time upon the way, but event- ually reaching their destination in safety. They located on the northwest corner of section 14, Kinderhook township, securing three hundred acres of land of which Charles B. Goss now owns sixty-eight acres besides other property amounting to four hundred acres. On the father's land a story and a half log house and a good barn had already been built and in this primitive pioneer home the family began their life in the middle west. The father cultivated and developed new land, the demanded activity making his life a strenuous one. In the midst of a busy and energetic career he passed away, dying in October, 1847, when )'et in the prime of life. His widow long sur- vived him and was called to her final rest on the 7th of January, 1894. In their family were four children, three sons and a daughter : Abel A., who was born in June, 1836; Charles B., of this review; George C, born in November, 1839; and Frances E., the widow of Dr. C. C. Sprague, and a resident of Kansas City, Missouri. The parents were both members of the Methodist church. Charles B. Gose was educated in the old stone schoolhouse near his father's home in Pike county. This structure replaced one of the primi- tive log schoolhouses of pioneer times which had been destroyed by fire. He mastered the common branches of English learning and when still quite young started out in life on his own account, being left fatherless at the age of ten years. He remained at home until twenty-six years of age, when he began farming on his own account, following that calling until March, 1881. He then entered into partnership with J. C. Col- vin in a general store at Kinderhook, the relation being maintained for two years, after which he purchased Mr. Colvin's interest and has since successfully carried on business alone. He has C. B. GOSE PAST AND PRESENT OE PIKE COUNTY. 481 a general stock of merchandise and also handles patent medicines and school supplies. In addition to a part of the old homestead which he now owns he has purchased more land from time to time until his possessions at present writing, in 1906, aggregate four hundred and sixty-eight acres of valuable land, about one-half of which is lo- cated on the bottom and the remainder on the bluff. Pie rents his land, which is all well im- proved. It is divided into several farms and he has good houses and other buildings upon them. He also owns a dwelling in the town. On the 20th of October, 1863, Mr. Gose was united in marriage to Miss Cynthia J. Jones, who was born in Chautauqua county, New York, February 16, 1840, and is a daughter of H. S. and Elizabeth (Bain) Jones. The father was born in Vermont, while the mother's birth oc- curred in Washington county, New York. They removed to western New York and in 1854 came to Pike county, Illinois, where they remained until i860, when they went to northwestern Wisconsin, where both died. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gose were born four children, two sons now living, while two daughters have passed away. Bertha, born in April, 1865, died in January, 1866. Bessie, born in February, 1867 died in February, 1871. Ernest B., born November 15, 1868, mar- ried Frances M. Elliott. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, from 1886 until 1890, and was graduated in the latter year. He was recommended to West Point by Hon. J. M. Riggs, of Scott county, Illinois, v^^ho was at that time a member of con- gress. He is now a captain in the United States regular army and with his family is stationed in the Philippines. He has one son, Elliott B. Charles J., born December 16, 1871, married Car- rie A. Leach, of Pike county, Illinois, and now lives in Kinderhook. He is a graduate of the Missouri Medical College, of St. Louis, of the class of 1899 but is not now practicing his pro- fession. He has one child, Cynthia F. In his political views Mr. Gose is a stalwart democrat and for twenty-six years served as school treasurer in 'Kinderhook township. He has also been town clerk, assessor and road commis- sioner. His sons are both members of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Gose stands as a splendid ex- ample of the self-made man and his life exempli- iies the term, dignity of labor. He and his esti- mable wife have worked earnestly as the years have gone by and success have attended their efforts. They are both people of genuine personal worth and the histoiy of Mr. Gose may well serve as a source of inspiration and encouragement to others, showing what may be accomplished by deter- mined purpose when guided by good business judgment and supplemented by indefatigable industry. JOSEPH WILSON. Joseph Wilson, a representative agriculturist of Pike county, who is engaged in the breeding of polled Angus cattle and Poland China hogs, was born in Griggsville township, January 22, 1838. His parents were Joseph and Elizabeth (Walker) Wilson. The father's birth occurred near Bos- ton in Lincolnshire, England, March 6, 1793, and in his native country he was married. His two children were born prior to the emigration to the new world, which occurred in 1829. They took passage on a westward bound sailing vessel, which dropped anchor in the harbor of New York city and thence they proceeded by stage to Chi- cago and on to La Salle, Illinois, after which they made their way down the Illinois river to Griggs- ville Landing. They settled in Griggsville town- ship. Pike county, where the father built a log house on land belonging to his brother-in-law, Robert Walker. Later he purchased ninety acres of land from Mr. Walker, which was partially wild prairie, while the remainder was covered with timber. Mr. Wilson was one of the frontier residents of this part of the state and shared in all the hardships, privations and dangers incident to pioneer life. Indians frequently visited the neigh- borhood, wild animals were killed in the forests and there was much wild game, including deer, turkeys and prairie chickens. The table of the early settler was thus often supplied with game if the man of the household could puove himself a good shot and the Wilson family board was oft- en adorned by the fruits of the chase. As the a82 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. years passed by Mr. Wilson prospered in his busi- ness undertakings and wisely invested in more land, becoming" the owner of about four hundred acres, the greater part of which he reclaimed from its wild condition through his own labors and the assistance of his sons. He built a frame house and added other modern improvements, while his fields were brought under a high state of cultiva- tion and returned to him good crops. While he led a bus}- life he also found opportunity to de- vote to the general good, served as school director for many years and assisted in the work of gen- eral development and progress. He helped to raise the first house built in Griggsville, it being a log structure which is still standing. Pie voted with the whig party and was a consistent and faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His death occurred at the very advanced age of ninet3'-six years and eight months, while his wife passed a^va_\■ in 1876 in her seventy-sixth year. They were honored and worthy pioneer peo- ple and their names are inseparably interwoven with the annals of Pike county because of their activity in early days when this region was emerg- ing from pioneer conditions to take on the im- provements' and advantages of civilization. After coming to this country the family circle was in- creased by the birth of eight children, the familv record being as follows : Rachel ; David ; Louisa ; Martha, who married John Scott and is living in Kansas ; Jane Ann ; Joseph ; Isaac ; Sarah ; George, who married Julia Bell and died in Red- lands, California, November 23, 1905 ; and Eliza- beth. Joseph Wilson is today one of the oldest native sons of Pike county, his life record, covering six- ty-eight years, being one of close connection with the interests and especially with the agricultural development of this part of the state. In his boy- hood days he assisted his father in the work of field and meadow and in the winter months after the crops were harvested he attended the district schools. When about twenty-one A'ears of age he took charge of the farm belonging to his Ijrother- in-law, who had left this countr\- for Pike's Peak. He remained upon the farm for about six months and then began farming on his own account and also assisted his father. In 1863 he concentrated his energies entirely upon farm work for himself, raising wheat and corn. He is today carrying on general agricultural pursuits on one hundred and sixty acres of land which is very rich and pro- ductive and in addition to the tilling of the soil he is engaged in breeding and raising polled An- gus cattle and Poland China hogs. Both branches of his business are carefully conducted and arc- proving profitable. On the 31st of March, 1864, Mr. Wilson was married to Miss ]\Iary G. Sleight, who was born March 25, 1838, and was a daughter of John G. and Rebecca (Walker) Sleight, both of whom were natives of England, the former born October 5, 1805, and the latter in 1802. They came to this country in 1857 with their children, all of whom were born in England, and located in Flint township. Pike county, Illinois. The father had nine tracts of forty acres each and one of eighty acres, making four hundred and forty acres in all devoted to general farming. He raised wheat, corn, cattle and hogs, conducting a general farm- ing business. He never cared for public office, although he served as school director and trustee for many years. He held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and his life was an honorable and upright one, commending him to the confidence of all with whom he came in con- tact. In politics he was a republican. His death occurred February 13, 1888, when he was in his eighty-third year, while his wife passed away June 19, 1862. They were the parents of six daugh- ters and two sons : Betsy G., who married John Culley ; Sally G., who married James L. Thomp- son and died in 1894; Ann G., the wife of Robert N. Long, a resident of Kansas; Walker G., who died in 1884; Eliza G., who passed away in 1902; Mrs. Wilson, who was born March 25, 1838; John G., who married Ruth Reynolds and is liv- ing in Griggsville township ; and Rebecca G., who became the wife of John Cummings and died in 1871. L'nto Mr. and ^Irs. Wilson have been born four children, but only one is now living. Elizabedi F., born January 29, 1865, is the wife of Charles ^Ie\crs, who resides on section 6, Flint township. This was her grandfather's home and it was here that Mr. and ^Irs. Wilson were married. Wal- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 483 lace Ross Wilson, born in the fall of 1871, died in the fall of 1874. Rebecca K., born December 23, 1874, died March 5, 1875, and one child died in infancy. Mr. Wilson has for twenty-five years been treasurer of the Flint Mutual Aid Association, which was organized in 1873. In politics he has been a stalwart republican since casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln in i860. He served as school director from 1872 until 1888 and for seven terms was supervisor. Fie was also road commissioner and tax collector and in these various offices has been most faithful and prompt in the discharge of his duties. He belongs to Pike lodge. No. 73, I. O. O. F. and is esteemed by his brethren of the fraternity, by his business asso- ciates and b}' the friends whom he has made in so- cial life. He has a very wide acquaintance in Pike county, where he has always lived, and few men are more familiar with the history of this part of the state or with the events which have formed its annals. His mind bears the picture of early pioneer life as well as of later progress and he has not only watched the growth of the county but has also taken a helpful part in its development. WILLIAM H. WINDSOR. The name Windsor has long figured in con- nection with the history and the business prog- ress of Pike county, the subject of this review being the representative of a pioneer family. He is now well known as a merchant and the postmaster of Valley City and he is also farming eighty acres of land. Flis birth occurred in Florence, Pike county, on the 21st of May, 1871. His father, William Windsor, was born March 4, 1822, and became a resident of this county at an early day. Here he was married on the 27th of April, 1851, to Miss Caroline Evans, whose birth occurred December 28, 1831. He first built a house on a forty-acre tract of land and subse- quently he purchased what was called the Wine- gar Spring farm, which he afterward sold, in- vesting his money in a farm in Chambersburg township. There he planted an orchard and im- proved his property, but eventually disposed of that place and returned to Valley City. In the early days he operated the old horse-power ferry there for many years and following his return to \'''alley City he operated a steam ferry there. On selling out that business he went to Detroit, where he lost his wife and several of his children. He afterward spent the winter in the south, engaged, in hunting large game and his last days were passed in honorable retirement from labor. His death occurred at Poplar Bluffs, Missouri. He favored the Methodist Episcopal church, of which his wife was a devoted member, taking a very active and helpful part in its work. He voted with the democracy and was ever earnest in sup- port of political principles and whatever he be- lieved to be right. His death occurred March 12, 1885, when he was sixty-three years of age and his wife passed away July 16, 1874, at the age of forty-three years. In their family were eleven children, of whom the following are now living : John, who resides in Valley City; Sarah E., the wife of George Conkright, a resident of Okla- homa : and Kisebell, the wife of Fred Garrett, of Pueblo, Colorado. The other surviving member of the family is William H. Windsor of this review, who at the age of five years went to New Hartford to live with the family of John Hoskins, with whom he remained until fourteen years of age. He then started out in life on his own account, working as a farm hand until 1898, when he became ill with appendicitis. After his recovery he en- tered the employ of the Western Union Tele- graph Company as a lineman, being employed in different cities as far east as New York. In the fall of igo2 he returned to Pike county, where he carried on farming until the 24th of August, 1905, when he took possession of a store which he had purchased in Valley City. Here he has since carried on general merchandising and he is also acting as postmaster of the village. At the same time he is farming eighty acres of land, having seventy acres planted to corn. On the 3Tst of December, 1903, j\Ir. \\'indsor was married to Miss ^ilariette Remington, who 484 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was born near Chambersburg, Pike county, March I, 1870, and is a daughter of William A. and IV'tsey (Davis) Remington, the former a native of Ohio, and tlie latter of Griggsville, Illinois. Her father was a soldier of the Civil war, en- listing in Henry county, Illinois, as a defender of the Union cause. He afterward followed farm- ing in Pike county and subsequently removed to Stark county, where he carried on general agri- cultural pursuits up to the time of his demise, which occurred Jul}" 31, 1873, when he was thirty- seven 3'ears of age. His wife survived him until September 20, 1879, and died in Perry at the age of thirt^'-seven years. In their family were six children, of whom four are yet living : Wil- liam, Weltha A., Mrs. Windsor and Anthony. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Windsor has been blessed with one son, William Russell, born February 2, 1905. Our subject and his wife are highly esteemed people of the community in which they reside, having a large circle of warm friends. He be- longs to Valky City camp, No. 4658, M. W. A., and he gives his political support to the repub- lican party. Starting out in life on his own account when fourteen years of age he has since been dependent entirely upon his own resources and to his labor ma}' be attributed all the success he has enjoyed. He is alert and enterprising, watchful of opportunities promising a business advancement and has already attained a credit- able position in business circles in his native countv for so voung a man. CAPTAIN H. B. ATKINSON. Captain H. B. Atkinson, who has passed the greater part of his life in Pike county and has been a resident of New Canton since June, 1876, closely identified with its business interests and commercial development, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, July 29, 1842, the second son of B. H. and Harriet (Morgan) Atkinson, natives of New Jersey and Peimsylvania respectively. In the year 1846 he came with his parents to Pike county, the family home being established in Pittsfield, where most of his youth was passed. He was a student in the public schools, and at the age of twenty }'ears he joined the Pike county regiment which was raised in August, 1862, and became the Nine- ty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He enlisted for three years' service and although he joined the army as a private his soldierly qualities soon won for him a commission and toward the close of the war he was given a captain's commission, after which he commanded his company until the close of hostilities. With his regiment he re- turned home at the close of the war in August, 1865, and soon afterward joined his father in business in the city of Pittsfield. On the 1 2th day of May, 1868, Captain Atkin- son was united in marriage to Miss Orphie M. Witt. Their wedded life was very happy, and for thirty-one years they traveled down the slope of time, enjoying life and its surroundings, but in 1899 Mrs. Atkinson was called to her final rest. She had been a devoted wife and mother, a faith- ful friend, and was recognized by all as a most estimable lady, so that her death was deeply de- plored in the community, where she had long re- sided. There had been four children born to this union : Fannie M., now the wife of J. L. Button ; Laura E., the wife of S. T. Donohoe ; Richard M., who is associated with his father ; and Henry, who died in infancy. Captain Atkinson continued a resident of Pitts- field until June, 1876, when he removed to New Canton, where he has since been successfully en- gaged in business. He is conducting a drug store which is well equipped with everything found in a first-class establishment of that character, and his patronage is extensive because of his honor- able business methods and his earnest desire to please his patrons. He has also extended his ef- forts to other lines of business activity, for in 1903 he assisted in establishing the Bank of New Can- ton, a much-needed institution in his home town. He has been president of the bank since its organ- ization and is one of the leading spirits in the very successful management of its afifairs. He has also been active in matters of public moment, and his fellow townsmen, recognizing his worth and ability, have frequently called him to public of- fice. He was supervisor from Pleasant Vale town- H. B. ATKINSON PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 487 ship from 1884 until 1889, and during that period acted as chairman of the board for two 3'ears. He was also treasurer of the Sny levee commission for twelve years, and in September, 1901, he was appointed one of its commissioners, and for three years has been president of the board. Captain Atkinson, while not a native son of the county, has spent the greater part of his life here, and has always taken a great interest in its affairs, tending to the good of the community. He has so directed his efforts that his labors have proved of direct tenefit to the county, and at the same time has so capably managed his business affairs that his labors have been crowned with success. JOSEPH M. DUNHAIM. Joseph ^I. Dunham, at one time closely associat- €d with agricultural interests but now living a re- tired Hfe in Pittsfield, was born in New Salem township. Pike county, on the 17th of May, 1859, his parents being the Rev. Abel and Rachel (Har- den) Dunham. The father's birth occurred in Harrison county, Ohio, on the i6th of July, 1819, and his parents were William and Mary (Chaney ) Dunham. Lewis Dunham, the great-grandfather of our subject, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war and met all the hardships and privations that fell to the lot of the brave men who won American liberty. At times the army was reduced almost to starvation, but the troops persevered and at length victory crowned the arms of the colonists and the establishment of the republic was an as- sured fact. William Dunham, the grandfather, was a na- tive of Maryland, in which state the days of his boyhood and youth were passed. Having reached adult age he married Miss Mary Chaney, who was of Scotch lineage, and some years later they removed to Ohio, settling in Harrison county when it was a wild and undeveloped district. They cast in their lot with its pioneer residents and aid- ed in its reclamation for the uses of civilization. In the spring of 1845 they came to Illinois, tak- ing up their abode in what is now Griggsville township, where they spent their remaining days. William Dunham died September 15, 1845, and his wife passed away on the 2d of November, 1852. Rev. Abel Dunham spent the days of his boy- hood and youth amid pioneer environments in Harrison county, Ohio, and when he had reached his majority he sought a companion and helpmate for life's journey. He wooed and won Miss Rachel Harden, who was born in Jefferson coun- t)', Ohio, March 7, 1816. At the time of his mar- riage his sole capital was one dollar and one cent and the dollar was given to the minister who per- formed the marriage ceremony, while after the infair a little nephew was made the happy recip- ient of the penny. Thus empty-handed, but with courageous purpose and willing hands, the young couple started out in life, Mr. Dunham devoting his attention to farming on a small scale in his native county, when, feeling that he might have better business opportunities in the middle west he removed to Pike county, where he went to work in earnest. His unremitting diligence formed the basis of his prosperity and his labors were ably supplemented by the faithful efforts of his esti- mable wife. Thus he accumulated over six hun- dred acres of valuable land together with other property in this part of the state. In 1840 his wife became a member of the United Brethren church and was a most earnest and faithful work- er. She frequently spoke in the meetings of the church and her words, fraught with the true spirit of religion and with intense purpose, thrilled her hearers and had a beneficial influence on many lives. For some years prior to her death she was an invalid, but her mental faculties were unim- paired and she retained her consciousness up to the last, bidding her friends farewell and speak- ing to them words of Christian cheer, comfort and advice. She passed away Sunday, Februarv 28, 1886, in the full assurance of a life to come. Ten children were born of that marriage. Fol- lowing the death of his first wife Rev. Dunham was married to Mrs. Sarah J. Brown, nee Ander- son, who was born near Hillsboro, in Highland county, Ohio, August 23, 1840. Mr. Dunham was a prominent abolitionist, doing everything in his power to suppress slavery, and when the re- publican party was organized to prevent its fur- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ther extension he became one of its stalwart ad- vocates. Later lie was again connected with a part}' of reform — the prohibitionist, for he was an earnest advocate of the cause of temperance and in fact his influence was ever given on the side of progress and improvement and for the ameHoration of the hard conditions of human life. He died August i8, 1899, leaving behind him the priceless heritage of an untarnished name and an example that is indeed well worthy of emulation. Joseph M. Dunham was educated in the com- mon schools of New Salem township and in Griggsville. He remained at home until eighteen 3'ears of age, continuing" upon his father's farm for five vears, and since that time has lived upon land of his own. His farming interests today cover two hundred and sixty acres of fine and productive land in New Salem, township under a high state of cultivation and improvement with all modern equipments and accessories. He built thereon a beautiful residence, but has now retired from the active management of the farm, remov- ing to Pittsfield on the 30th of August, 1905, while his land is leased to his sons. He always carried on general farming and stock-raising, making a specialty of hogs, and in both branches of his busi- ness he met with success that in the course of time brought him a capital sufficient to enable him to enjoy a well earned rest at the present time. He rents a fine home where he resides on East Washington street. On the 30th of October, 1877, Mr. Dunham was united in marriage to Miss Eldora Koontz, who was born February 14, i860, and is a native of Schuyler county, Illinois, and a daughter of William and Catherine (Stambaugh) Koontz. The father was a firmer, stone-mason and contractor. In the family were fifteen children, eight of whom reached years of maturity, Imt only three are now living, namely ; ^Irs. Dunham ; David Koontz, who resides in East St. Louis, Illinois ; and Wil- liam Koontz, who is living near Camden, Illinois. The parents arc both deceased, the mother passing away in 1875, while the father's death occurred in 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham ha^-e become the parents of seven childi'en. Llarry H., the eldest, born August 24, T878, married Ida Pence and is a farmer living in New Salem tDwnship. They have two children, Paul and Lena. Nellie L. Dunham, born October 13, 1880, attended the country schools and has been educated in music. William R., born January 7, 1883, is living upon the old home farm in New Salem township. David C, born October 22, 1884, is living on the old home- stead in New Salem township. Samuel K., born April 30, i('"'87, is living at home and attends the high sclionl in Pittsfield. Xora E., born Alay 19,. i8')2, and Clo\-d W., February 2, 1897, are at home. Mr. Dunham is a democrat who keeps well in- .formed on the questions and issues of the day but has never been active as an office-seeker, al- though he has served as school trustee. He be- longs to the ^Modern AVoodmen camp at New Sa- lem and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and he and his wife and their children are mem- liers of the United Brethren church. A worthy representative of one of the pioneer families of Pike county, the name of Dunham has been known here — and honorably so — for many years and Jo- seph I\I. Dunham of this review is a worthy rep- resentative of the family. He well deserves the success which has come to him and which enables him now to live in well earned ease. WILLIAM E. JAMES. William E. James is conducting a profitable business as a general agriculturist, horticulturist and stock-raiser. The property comprises a tract of one hundred and seventy-five acres of rich land under a high state of cultivation and im- proved with the buildings and equipments which indicate the progressive spirit of the owner. There is upon his farm an apple orchard covering from eighteen to twent\' acres, also a fine pear orchard of six acres. Lie raises the various ce- reals best adapteil to soil and cliiuate and he also buys, feeds and ships cattle and hogs, which he sends to the St. Louis market. Lie likewise raises fine horses and is known as one of the most en- terprising farmers and stock-dealers of this part of the county. .\ native of Illinois, his birth occurred in .\dams county on the 6th of October. 1856. His PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. father, Allen W. James, was born in Tennessee, October 13, i8t8, and was married in that state to Miss Matilda Clardy, who was also born there. They had two children: Frances A., the wife of James Thomas, a resident farmer of Tennessee ; and Viri^inia, the deceased wife of Williamson Bond, a Pike county farmer. Following the death of his first wife ^Ir. James \\'edded ^liss Eliza- beth Sartain, who was born in Tennessee, Janu- ary I, 1827. They became the parents of five sons and a daughter, of whom four are still liv- ing: Columbus A., of Butler, Missouri; Harvey C, of Oxford, Nebraska; John A., of Perry, Pike count}-; and William E., the subject of this sketch. Those deceased are Cordelia and Charles E. In the year 1852 the parents removed from Tennessee to Adams county, Illinois, and some years later Pike county became the family home. In 1888, however, i\Ir. and Mrs. James removed to Bates county, ]\Iissouri, but shortly afterward returned to Pike county, where they remained un- til the death of Mrs. James, which occurred Octo- ber 3, 1895, hsi" husband surviving until April 20, 1898, when he too passed away. Both were mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church and were very loyal to its teachings. Mr. James voted with the democratic party. William E. James was a young lad when his parents removed to Pike county and in the public schools here he acquired his education. Reared to the occupation of farming, he has made it his life work and he began that business on his own account soon after his marriage, which occurred in 1881. In 1885 he removed to Bates county, Missouri, where he spent four years, farming and dealing in stock. In 1889 he returned to Pike county and followed farming in Montezuma township near Milton until 1901, when he sold his property and came to Perry township, locating on the old Smith homestead. On the 7th of December, 1881, ^'Ir. James was married to Miss Ella V. Smith, a daughter of William W. and Frances (Brown) Smith. Pier father, who was born in Page county, Virginia, July 10, 1833, died January 12. 1901. He was married in Illinois, August 21. 18^0. In the family were five children, namely : Mrs. James ; Ceorge M., who is sherifif of Pike county; Har- ve\- D., a prosperous farmer of Detroit township; and Nettie and Ida May, who both died when c|uite young. ISoth Mr. and Mrs. James are mem- bers of the Pike County Mutual Life In- surance Company and belong to the Metho- dist Episcopal church of Perry. Both take an active part in the work of the church and thus exercise a strong influence for good. Airs. James was educated in the public schools and the Presbyterian College at Jackson- ville and is an estimable lady, extending to her many friends the gracious hospitality of a pleas- ant and attractive home. Mr. James belongs to Perry lodge. No. 95, .\. F. & A. M., and his political allegiance is given to the democracy. The family has long been known in this part of the state and like others of the name William E. James has made a creditable record and secured success in his business affairs. HENRY GARD. Henrv Gard, who is interested in general agri- cultural pursuits in Pleasant Vale township, where he owns and operates a good farm of one hundred and fifty-five acres, is a native of Barry township, born on the loth of December, 1856. His parents, Cyrenius and Nancy (Kid- well) Gard, were natives of Ohio. The father was born near Marietta, that state. In 1833 ^^ made a trip to Pike county, Illinois, but it was not until 1839 that he located permanently here, becoming identified with its early development and improvement. He settled in Barry township, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits, owning and operating two hundred and forty acres of land. In his family were twelve children, of whom six are yet living : Daniel, born March 30, 1837, died September 8, 1859; Charles, born April 15, 1840, is living near his brother Henrv; Lucinda, born Feoruary 28, 1842, resides in Pleasant Vale township ; Jasper, born February 5, 1844, died in St. Louis, while serving in the arm}- on the nth of November, 1863; ?\Iartha died in 1902; Mar}', twin sister of Martha, is the wife of Charles Dodge and resides in New 490 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. London, I\Iissouri ; Joel, born December 5, i^ is living near Mexico, Missouri ; Paulina, born October 24, 1850, died October 9, 1852; Paulina, born September 5, 1852, is living in Nebraska; Jane, born September 5, 1854, became the wife of Wilson P. Cochran and both are now de- ceased, the former having died March 18, 1899 ■ Henry is the eleventh of the family ; Nancy, born January 22, 1861, died August 25, 1862. The mother passed away January 28, 1861, and the father survived until June 24, 1875. Henrv Card pursued his education in the schools of New Canton and was graduated from the high school with the class. of 1877. Selling his interest in the old homestead property, he purchased where he now resides on section 10, Pleasant Vale township, and has here since made his home. He owns one hundred and fifty-five acres of good land, a part of which is bottom land, while a part lies on the bluff. It is located about a mile from New Canton and is a good farm well developed. He has been engaged in the stock business most of the time and is now raising polled Angus cattle and a good grade of hogs, buying, feeding and shipping considerable stock. On the 20th of August, 1878, occurred the marriage of Mr. Card and Miss Olive Seybold, who was born on the adjoining farm, July 6, 1862, her parents being Jacob and Nancy (Jef- fries) Seybold. Her father was born in this county, where her grandfather located at a very early day. Jacob Seybold was a fanner, de- voting his life to general agricultural pursuits. In his family were three children : Edward, a resident of Joplin, Missouri; Mrs. Card; and Jasper M., who was born Februar\- 27, 1865, and died April 12, 1892, at the age of twenty- se\'en years. Mr. Card exercises his right of franchise in support of republican men and measures and for three years filled the office of road commissioner. He belongs to Masonic lodge. No. 821, at New Canton, and to camp No. 1148, M. W. A. He is highly regarded in the community where he resides and in which he has so directed his efforts that he is now classed with the successful farm- ers. There have been no especially advantageous circumstances in his life nor has he received anv great assistance through inheritance, but with a just realization of the value of unremitting ef- fort he has so labored as to gain valuaoie and desirable farming interests and his life record is an exemplification of the term "dignity of labor." ALBION SHINN. Albion Shinn is well known as a representative of extensive and important business interests in Pike county, where he is largely engaged in rais- ing sheep. His life record is well known to his fellow townsmen, for he is a native son of Pike ccamty, having been born in Pittsfield township on the 2d of December, 1848. He has since lived in this part of the state and has so directed his energies as to find his labors a good source of income. His parents were William and Mary Jane (Lytle) Shinn. The father was born in At- las township. Pike county, on the 7th of January, 1827, his parents being Daniel and Mary (Hack- ett) Shinn, who were natives of New Jersey. The famil}' is of English descent, having been founded in America by three brothers who came from Eng- land at an early da)'. The grandparents were married in New Jersey and removed from there to Ohio, where they remained for seven years, coming to Illinois in April, 1820, only two years after the admission of the state into the Union. They were indeed pioneer residents of Pike coun- ty, settling within its borders when the work of improvement and progress had scarcely been be- gun. Daniel Shinn brought with him the first wagon ever in Pike countv and he had to cut and make a road for forty miles in order to reach his destination. On arriving here he bought one hun- dred and sixty acres of land on section 12, Atlas township, and built thereon a log cabin, beginning life in true frontier style. As the years passed by he improved the place, spending his remaining days thereon. The country was wild and the seeds of civilization had scarcely been planted. He helped to make the first road from Pittsfield to Atlas and assisted in building the first courthouse and jail at Atlas, both structures being made of logs. As the years passed by success attended his PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 491 efforts and he became the owner of seven hundred acres of land and was recognized as a wealthN' man and fanner. He gave all of his children some land and as the years went by he prospered in his undertakings and took an active and help- ful part in the work of development, so that he was known among the honored and valued pioneer residents. He reared thirteen children, two of whom are living, namely : William Shinn and a sister who resides in Iowa. Daniel Shinn died in March, 1852, having for several years survived his wife, who passed away about 1846. William Shinn was reared amid the environ- ments of pioneer life, sharing with the family in all the hardships and difficulties incident to the es- tablishment of a home and the development of a farm upon the frontier. He was educated in the common schools and when quite young began work in the fields and was but a youth when he provided for Ijis own support by working as a farm hand in the neighborhood. He was married at the age of twenty years to Miss Marv Jane Lytle and lived with his father until 1850, when he went to California, spending one year upon the Pacific coast. He made some money while there and then returned, after which he began farming on his own account, cultivating different farms in this part of the state. He would buy and after- ward sell the land and in 1856 he invested in the farm which he now owns and occupies and which has been his place of residence continuously since. He has been engaged in the sheep industry since 1866 and has owned from six hundred to two thousand sheep. He now has about five hundred sheep and he has also been extensively engaged in raising cattle for the last thirty-five years, keep- ing from two hundred and fifty to three hundred and fifty head of cattle upon his farms at one time, although at present he has only about one hundred head. He is, however, known as one of the prominent stockmen of Illinois and has be- come one of the wealthiest residents of Pike coun- ty, a position to which he has attained through well directed and earnest effort, through judicious investment and capable management. The suc- cess that has come to him is well merited and now in the evening of life he is enabled not only to enjoy its necessities and comforts but also many of its luxuries and his example should well serve as a source of emulation and inspiration to others, showing what may be accomplished through de- termined and earnest purpose. In the year 1846 William Shinn was united in marriage to Miss Mary Lytle, whose birth occurred in Ross county, Ohio, in March, 1827, and who came to Pike county, Illinois, with her father, jVndrew Lytle, in 1832. He lived in Pike county and owned eighty acres of land, but later removed to Cal- houn county, where he died. The death of Mrs. Shinn occurred December 24, 1904. She was a woman of many excellent traits of heart and mind, well liked by all who knew her because of a gen- ial and kindly disposition and genuine worth, so that her death was deeply deplored by her friends as well as immediate family. She was a devoted member of the Methodist church and took an ac- tive and helpful interest in its work. Mr. Shinn is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at New Hartford and he, too, belongs to the Methodist church. His life has been per- meated by his belief and although he has become one of the wealthiest men of the county his path has never been strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes but has been gained in the legiti- mate channels of trade. Albion Shinn was educated in the common schools, mastering the branches of learning us- ually taught therein and through the periods of vacation assisting in the work of the home farm. Pie remained at home until nearly thirty years of age and has always had the strongest attachment for agricultural life, finding in it a pursuit more congenial to him than any other. He worked for a year and a half for his father after attaining his majority and then entered into partnership with him and so continued until his marriage. His first purchase of land comprised a farm south- east of New Hartford and later he bought where he now resides on section 36, Eldara township. He and his son now own two hundred acres of land and alone he owns seven hundred ad twenty- five acres, so that he is one of the extensive prop- erty holders in Pike county. For thirty years he has been extensively engaged in sheep-raising, keeping about thirteen or fourteen hundred head of sheep. He makes a specialty of the Southdown A92 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. and Oxford breeds and although they are high- bred animals they are not registered, bnt he buys registered stock for breeding purposes. He is also keeping about one hundred head of cattle for feeding and is well known as a stockman. In 1878 Mr. Shinn was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Wolfork, of Missouri, and they have one child, Claude. He was born in 1881 and after attending the common schools of the neighborhood he became a student in the Union Business Col- lege at Quincy, Illinois. He is now associated with his father in business and the parents and son are all members of the Christian church, while the latter is also a member of lodge. No. 453, A. F. A. M,. at New Hartford. Mr. Shinn is a republican but has never sought or desired office, preferring to give his undivided attention to his business affairs, in which he has been very suc- cessful. He has a beautiful residence and all good buildings and improvements upon his farm and is one of the prosperous and influential agricultur- ists and stock-raisers of Pike county, energetic in his business, thoroughly reliable in his dealings and progressive in his methods. JAAIES M. GREENE. James ]\I. Greene is the owner of a good farm of one hundred and twelve acres in Barry town- ship and is well known as a breeder of Shetland ponies, Chester-White hogs and brown Leghorn chickens. A native of Pike county, Illinois, he was born June 13, 1845, of the marriage of P. D. S. and Lucinda (Sweet) Greene. The father was born in Rensselear county. New York, De- cember 8, 1814, and was a son of James Greene. whose birth occurred in the Empire state, July II, 1790. He came to Pike county in early pio- neer times and secured a tract of government land near Barry, when it was uncultivated prai- rie and uncut timber. There he developed a good farm, being one of the energetic and capa- ble agriculturists of his community and a man who was much res|iected for his genuine worth as displayed in all life's relations. He reared a large family of children and died September 8, 1875. Llis first wife, Mrs. Polly Greene, was born No- vember 2, 1793, and died, August 26, 1849. His second wife passed away March 24, 1866, at the age of seventy-four years and twenty-six days. P. D. S. Greene was reared amid the wild scenes and environments of pioneer life in Pike county and was married in the vicinity of Barry to Miss Lucinda P. Sweet, who was born in New York, .\pril 12, 1824, and was a daughter of Job Sweet, whose birth occurred February 4, 1798. He came to Pike county, Illinois, at an early day, locating near Barry, where he entered govern- ment land. At that time it was covered with native timber or with the wild prairie grasses. Resolutely he set to work to transform the land into cultivated fields and was recognized through- out the community as a capable and energetic farmer, highly respected by all who knew him. He reared a large family and died January 21, 1852. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. P, D. S. Greene was blessed with nine children, five sons and four daughters : Ackland, who was born .\ugust 30, 1839, and is now living in Oklahoma; Artalisa P., who was born July 15, 1842, and is the wife of J. C. Jackson, a resident of Roches- ter, New York ; James M. ; Mary, who was born August 29, 1849, '^nd is deceased; William, who has also passed away; Charles E., who was born February 9, 1852, and is deceased ; Emma L., who was born October 18, 1856, and is the wife of Henry McDaniel, of Rochester, New York; Clara W., who was born September 12, 1858, and is the wife of John D. Miller, of Pittsfield; and John, whose birth occurred October 9, i860, and who is now living in California. The father was the owner of a good farm of one hundred and sixty acres adjoining Barrv and although he started out in life empty-handed he became well- to-do, possessing a deeply religious nature. He was greatly interested in all matters that per- tained to the moral development of his commu- nity, took an active part in the work of the Chris- tian church, in which he held membership and for many years served as one of its elders. He exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party. He resided in Pike county until 1899 and then went to Rochester, New York, where he has since PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 493 lived. His wife passed away on the 14th of January of that year,' James M. Greene, having acquired his prelimi- nary education in the schools of Pike county, entered Lombard University at Galesburg, Illi- nois, where he pursued his studies in 1862-63. \Mien his education was completed he began business life as a farmer and soon afterward turned his attention to buying and selling stock, which business he followed for many years, or until his health became impaired, since which time he has been living more quietly. In 1895 he began raising Shetland ponies and yet has a number of fine animals. He first bought a mare of J. Murray Hogue, of Maquoketa, Iowa. She was the best saddle and driving pony in the world and won the blue ribbon at the World's Colum- bian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. She is now twenty-three years old. She would pace a mile in three minutes. In addition to breeding Shet- land ponies Mr. Greene is also breeding and raising Chester- White hogs and brown Leghorn chickens. He resides upon his farm of one hun- dred and twelve acres, twenty-nine acres of which are included within the corporation limits of Barry. This is a well improved property, the greater part of which is seeded to blue grass. He has erected a fine home and all of the improve- ments and equipments upon the farm have been placed there by Mr. Greene, who is practical in all of his methods, systematic in his work and energetic in all that he undertakes. On the 1st of June, 1866, occurred the mar- riage of Mr. Greene and Miss Adda Hollem- beak, of Ohio. She was born October 5, 1847, ^ daughter of A. C. Hollembeak, who for a long- period was postmaster at Barry. He was very active in political work and was an unfaltering advocate of republican principles. He brought his family to Pike county when his daughter. Mrs. Greene, was a young girl. By her mar- riage she became the mother of two children, but Corinne, who was born Mav 21, 1867, died Sep- tember 4, 1871. The other daughter, Nora, who was born September 8, 1869, is the wife of Ed- ward Ta)Ior, a resident of Trinidad, Colorado. ^Irs. Greene passed awa\- on the 13th of Septem- ber, 1871. Mr. Greene has since married Han- nah M, Tilton, of Swanton, Vermont, who was born September 23, 1849, 'ii'^d came to Pike county with her mother and sisters about 1869. r>3' this marriage there were two daughters: Gretta, who was born September 2, 1881, and was married April 21, 1901, to G. H. Wike, of Barry ; and Delia M., who was born July 27, 1887, and is at home. For many years Mr. Greene was a member of the .Ancient ( )rder of United Workmen of Amer- ica, while his wife is a member of the Court of Honor. .A self-made man he deserves all of the praise which that term implies for his persistent and energetic labor has been the basis of his success. The acquirement of wealth has not been, however, the sole end and aim of his life, for he has never allowed this purpose to crush out the kindlier elements of his nature and his considera- tion for the rights of others but on the contrary his character has developed with the passing of years along lines that at all times command re- spect and regard and he is frequently spoken of in terms of confidence and good will. CHARLES W. WILLARD. Charles W. Willard, devoting his time and ener- gies to general agricultural pursuits, giving per- sonal attention to the cultivation and development of eighty-six acres of land which he owns in Hardin township and also another tract of forty acres, was born in this township which is still his home, his natal day being November 23, 1877, His father was Jasper Willard, a representative of one of the pioneer families of Pike county, for his birth occurred here about 1855. The grandfather, O. L. G. Willard, took up his abode in this county about 1839, coming to Illinois from Pennsylvania. Few improvements had been made in this section of the state at the time of his ar- rival. He found here uncultivated prairie land and uncut forests. The streams were unbrideed, much of the land was unclaimed and the work of progress and development seemed scarcely begun. In the work of progress and improvement he took an active and helpful part and has alwavs 494 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. been loval in citizenship, rejoicing in what has been accomplished along the line of modern im- provement and progress as the )''ears have gone by. He is now a hale and hearty old man of about seventy-four years and is respected as one of the venerable and worthy pioneer residents of the community His son, Jasper Willard, was reared upon the home farm and was married here to Miss Ade- line Clark, a native of this county and a daughter of Joseph Clark, also one of the early settlers here. Jasper Willard remained an active farmer and business man of Pike county up to the time of his death, which occurred here in 1883. His wife survived him for about five )''ears. In their family were five children, two sons and three daughters, but only two of the number are now living. The surviving daughter is Irene, now the wife of David G. Clans, a prominent business man of Jacksonville. Illinois, by whom she has three children: John W., Esther E. and Thelma L. Claus. Charles W. Willard acquired his education in the public schools and remained upon his grand- father's farm until fifteen years of age, when he started out in life on his own account, working by the month as a farm hand for five years. He was married December 15, 1897, when twenty years of age, to Miss Lola May Cunningham, a daughter of John and Nellie Cunningham, who are represented elsewhere in this work in connec- tion with the sketch of L. L. Cunningham. The young couple began their domestic life upon a farm, where they lived for three years and then with the capital that he had acquired Mr. Will3rd became owner of eighty-six acres of farm land, upon which he now resides. He at once began the further development and improvement of this property and has also operated other land and has added to his original holdings until he now owns one hundred and twenty-six acres. He likewise cultivates land belonging to others and is quite extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising, having high grade Hereford cattle and pure blooded Poland China hogs. He is now feeding a carload of fine steers and also a large number of hogs. He has been a prosperous farmer and stockman and while he has never sought to figure in any public light he has so conducted his busi- ness aifairs that success has resulted and he has won a creditable position in business circles. Unto Mr. and Mr. Willard have been born five children ; Ilia Lorene, born November 9, 1898; Leo Bliss, born May 22, igcx); Orland C, who was born February 26, 1902, and died March 10, 1904; Mary Edith, born August 26, 1903; and Charles Wayne, born August 10, 1905. Since age gave to him the right of franchise Mr. Willard has been a stalwart republican and he takes an active interest in local politics, striving earnestly to promote the growth and insure the success of his party. He was elected and served for two terms as assessor of Hardin township and is now one of the board of directors. The cause of education finds in him a warm friend and he has done effective work in behalf of the schools. He is now serving as district clerk and has frequently been chosen as a delegate to the county conventions of his party. In the review of his life it is noted that with him diligence and prosperity have gone hand in hand and that all of his dealings have been characterized by a tried integrity and worth that have gained for him the esteem and confidence of the community. LEVI W. McMAHAN. Levi W. McMahan, whose residence in Pike county covers a half century, during which time he has not only been a witness to its many changes, its progress and development, but has also been a participant in the work of upbuilding and im- provement, is now a leading representative of in- dustrial life in Griggsville, where he is success- fuly engaged in the milling business. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on the 31st of March, 1841, and came to Griggsville with his parents, William and Maria (Thomas) McMahan, both of whom were born near Cincinnati, Ohio. The father was a chairmaker by trade, and with his family came to Illinois from Indianapolis, locating at Griggsville on the loth of May, 1856. The journey was made by team, and they left Sidney MR. AND MRS. h. W. McMAHAN PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 497 in the morning to travel a distance of thirty miles to Sardorus Grove. They had remained at the former place over night so as to make a daylight drive, as there was danger of being lost in the wild prairie at night, there being not a single house between the two points at that time. Mr. McMahan built a dwelling near the town and fol- lowed the business of chairmaking, his services being in demand by the early settlers. He held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, and his life was in consistent harmony with his professions. In politics he was a Jackson demo- crat until 1856, when he joined the ranks of the new republican party, which he continued to sup- port until his death, which occurred in Griggs- ville when he was seventy-six years of age. His wife, who was born in 1808, died in 1869, at the age of sixty-one years. They were the parents of two sons and a daughter : Levi, Harriet and George M. Levi W. McMahan began his education in the public schools of Indiana, and was a }'0uth of fifteen years when he accompanied his parents on the removal to Illinois. When nineteen years of age he opened a confectionery store in Griggs- ville, and thus became an active factor in business interests of the city. Following his marriage, however, he sold his store and turned his atten- tion to farming, being identified with agricultural pursuits until the spring of 1866, when he began merchandising in Griggsville. After two years however, he resumed farming operations in Griggsville township, purchasing two hundred ten acres of land south of the town. When he dis- posed of that property he gave his attention to the grain trade in connection with Mr. Allen for about two years, and in 1877, in connection with Bald- win Brothers, he built a flouring mill and after some time purchased his partner's interest, since which time he has conducted the business alone. The mill has a capacity of two hundred and fifty barrels of flour every twenty-four hours. At the present time he is operating the mill only in the day, and turning out one hundred barrels of flour each day, for which he finds a ready sale on the Chicago market and in the south. He has a well equipped milling property and is doing a good business which annually returns to him a very de- 25 sirable income. He still owns and operates his farm, on which he makes his home. On the 28th of April, 1861, Mr. McMahan was united in marriage to Miss Llarriett Simmons, and they became the parents of three children ; but, Harry Edwin, the only son, died when thirteen years of age. The daughters are : Mrs. Nellie Miller, who' is now living in St. Louis, Missouri ; and Alice, wife of ProfessorT. W.Todd, a resident of Cedar Falls, Iowa. After losing his first wife, Mr. McMahan married Mrs. Jennie (Petrie) Clough, and following her death he wedded Miss Mattie Yates, a daughter of George and Maria (Hinman) Yates, a granddaughter of Colonel George Hinman, a native of Kentucky. Her father was among the firstsettlersof Pike county, coming to Illinois in 1823, at which time he took up his abode in Griggsville township. When the Black Hawk war broke out in 1832 he was one of the volunteers who hastened to the front to suppress the Indian uprising. He improved a fine farm in Griggsville, and there spent his remaining days engaged in raising cattle and hogs. When he died, August 13, 1878, a venerable pioneer was removed — one who had aided in the growth and development of the county, where for nearly a half century he made his home. He lived to see busy towns and fine farms where he first saw a wilderness, and for many years he took an active and helpful part in the work of public improve- ment. His wife died in 1867, leaving three sons and four daughters. Mr. McMahan traded his home in town for a fine farm near the corporation limits of Griggs- ville and is residing upon this place, so that he is enabled to enjoy the privileges, liberty and pleas- ure of rural life, and at the same time have all the benefits of town life. He served as township supervisor for six years and gave a practical and helpful administration to the city during his two- terms' service as mayor. He served on the board which built the new courthouse. He was also president of the school board for several years, and the system of public education in Griggsville benefited by his efficient efforts in its behalf. He belongs to Pike lodge. No. 73, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all of the different chairs, in- cluding that of noble grand. His political alle- 498 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. giance is given to the republican party ; and he is a member of the Baptist church. His wife had the honor of being the first lady elected to the con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal church which was held in Chicago. She declined to act that time, but in 1904 was elected to the conference of her chmxh in California and attended as a delegate. Mr. and Mrs. McMahan are people of the highest respectability and their many excellent traits of heart and mind have won for them the trust and deep friendship of many with whom they have been associated. Mr. McMahan has made consecutive progress in his business career and has proven that prosperity and an honored name may be won simultaneously. RICHARD DUNHAM, Richard Dunham, whose useful and active life has won for him the respect of his fellowmen and also gained for him a most gratifying compe- tence, was born September 9, 1839, in Deersville, Ohio, his parents being Lewis and Sarah Ann (Nelson) Dunhaih. His paternal grandfather was William Dunham, a native of Maryland and his father was a native of England, becoming the founder of the family in America. William Dun- ham was reared to manhood upon a farm and was married to Miss Mary Chancy, also a native of Maryland, her parents, like the Dunhams, hav- ing come to this country about the time of the Revolutionary war. On leaving Maryland, Wil- liam Dunham and his wife became residents of Ohio, where they remained until the year 1845 and in their old age they came to Illinois, pur- chasing a small farm in Griggsville township, where the death of Mr. Dunham occurred when he had reached the age of three score vears and ten. His wife survived him several vears and then she too passed away at the old homestead farm on section 17, Griggsville township, when more than eighty )cars of age. Both were ac- tive members of the United Brethren church and were people of strong religious faith, taking an active part in the work of the church and doing all in their power to advance the cause of Chris- tianity. They reared a large family of nineteen children. The birth of Lewis Dunham occurred in Mary- land, September 12, 1802, and he died at his home in New Salem township, Pike county, Illinois, September 14, 1866. He had spent his entire life in his native state, acquiring a good education there. He was probably married in Ohio, how- ever, and he was connected with business inter- ests there as a farmer and cooper. In 1844 he removed from Ohio to Illinois, arriving in Pike county in the month of April. Three years later he settled on land of his own in New Salem township and there successfully engaged in farm- ing. During the years which followed he worked his way upward from a humble financial position to one of affluence and improved a valuable farm of two hundred and sixty acres. He was a use- ful citizen of his township and an active and conscientious worker in the United Brethren church, doing all in his power to promote public progress and improvement along lines of mate- rial, social, intellectual and moral development. He was widely known for his integrity and other commendable traits of character, which won for him the esteem of the entire community. In politics he was a stalwart democrat and he held some local offices, discharging his duties with promptness and fidelitv- In fact every trust that was reposed in him whether of a public or private nature was faithfully performed and his life was at all times honorable and upright. In early man- hood he wedded Sarah Ann Nelson, also a native of Maryland and a daughter of Elisha and Mary (Stringer) Nelson, who were natives of Mary- land and are supposed to have been of Scotch lineage. The)' were farming people and after their marriage resided in Maryland for a time, while later they became residents of Harrison countv, Ohio, there remaining until 1842, when they came to Illinois. They took up their abode on a farm in New Salem township, where they spent their remaining days and their lives were in hannony with their professions as members of the United Brethren church, with which they were connected for manv years. Their daughter Sarah was born in .\pril, 1807, was reared in ^lar\land and came to Illinois with her husband. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 499 whotp she survived for several years, finally pass- ing away on the 5th of September, 1887, when more than eighty years of age. She, too, was a consistent and helpful member of the United Brethren church and she was the mother of nineteen children, of whom nine are still living. Richard Dunham was educated in the common schools of Pike county and spent his youth in the usual manner of farm lads, no event of special importance occurring to vary the routine of farm work for him in his minority. He a,ided in clear- ing his father's place and as there was a coal bank upon the farm he and his brother dug coal, which they sold in (jriggsville, Maysville and other towns. This farm is now the property of Mary Ann Dvmham. Richard Dunham first be- came the owner of land in 1864, at which time he purchased forty acres near his father's place east of New Salem. He sold that later and bought more land and he now owns one hundred and ninety-six acres on sections 13 and 14, New Sa- lem township. He has a well improved farm, having built thereon a good residence, and added all modern equipments and accessories such as are found upon a model farm property of the twentieth centurv. He has always kept his place well stocked and a glance at fields and meadows would indicate to the passerby the careful super- vision of a painstaking and progressive owner. He continued to reside upon his farm until April, 1904. when he removed to Xew Salem, while his sons leased the land. For twenty-five years he and his brother Joshua operated a threshing ma- chine. Thev owned several machines and made considerable money in that way. In 1861 occurred the marriage of Mr. Dun- ham and Miss Julia Esther Hubbard, who was born Julv 20, 1838, in Greene county, Illinois, and came to Pike county, locating near Pittsfiejd in an earlv dav. Ten children were born of this marriage, of whom seven are yet living. Ruth America became the wife of Charles A. Carnes and by that marriage has three living children : Fred N., the eldest, married Minnie Fjridgeman, resides in Salem township and has one child, Veda L. ; Mina May is the wife of William H. Rheinhart and has one child ; Orville Fay, their home being in New Salem township ; and Fay Roy is living in this county. Mr. Carnes, the father, died in 1893 and Mrs. Carnes was married in 1895 to M. F. Shaffner, their home being now in New Salem. George Nelson, the second child of Richard Dunham, married Myrtle Shuey, by whom he had a son, Percy H; He died in September, 1903, and his widow now resides in Argenta, Illinois. He was educated at Westfield, Illinois, and taught school for five years, after which he engaged in the insurance business for a time. Subsequently he resumed school-teaching and later became editor of the Argenta Hustler. James Abel, the third mem- ber of the Dunham famih^, lives upon the home farm. Fie married Alice Wheeler and they have four children : Floyd, Carl, Ralph and George. William Fred, the fourth member of the family and a resident of Pike county, married Anna Wilson, who died leaving three children: Earl, Andy and Richard. Ida May is the wife of Charles Hooper, of New Salem township and has three children: Neal, and Winifred and Helen, twins. Arthur L. married Eura B. Starkey, re- sides near Baylis and has three children : Fern, Clesson and Ruth Marie. Bert N. married Cora ]Manker and resides at Stonington, Illinois, where he is a telegraph operator. Harry Herman, liv- ing upon the home farm, married Ida Rheinhart am! has one child, Lloyd. In 1904 Mr. Dunham was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 9th of September of that year. Thc\' haid long traveled life's journey together, sharing with each other its joys and sorrows, its adversity and prosperity and the many good traits of character which Mrs. Dunham displayed won her the kindly regard and good will of many friends as well as of her immediate family. In his political views Mr. Dunham is a stal- wart democrat and has served for two terms as township commissioner. He belongs to the United lirethren church and the qualities of good citizen- ship, of reliability in business and faithfulness in friendship have long been manifest in him. More- over he has displayed in his business career marked integrity as well as energy and through his well directed efforts has won a competence, being today the owner of a fine home ^n New Salem as well as a farm. He is now living in 500 FAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. retirement in the enjoyment of well earned ease, his capital being sufficient to supply him with all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. JOHN R. GICKER. John R. Gicker, county clerk of Pike county, who since 1898 has filled the position to which he was elected as a democratic candidate, is a native of Germany, his birth having occurred in the town of Dodenau, Hesse-Darmstadt, on the 9th of February, 1855. His parents were John and Cath- erine (Klein) Gicker. The father was engaged in blacksmithing in Germany and died in his native land many years ago, passing away in 1868, at the age of sixty-eight. The mother's death occurred when she was sixty-six years of age. One son, John Gicker, is a farmer residing in Adams county, Illinois, and a daughter, Mrs. Kathrine Muller, is living in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. John R. Gicker when a youth of sixteen years came alone to the new world. He has previously learned the shoemaker's trade, and in Upper San- dusky, Ohio, he spent about a year, after which he came to Pike county, Illinois, in August, 1872. As a respresentative of the shoe trade in Pitts- field, he entered the employ of A. Sittler, with whom he remained for two years, when he secured a position with Joseph Hunter, again working at the shoemaker's trade. AVhen four years had passed he engaged in business on his own account and was alone for a period of four years, after which he accepted a clerkship in the employ of F. W. Neibur, of Pittsfield, until elected to the office of county clerk. He had previously served as town clerk for a period of seven years and his capability and fidelity in that office led to his se- lection for the superior othce, in which he is now serving. He was chosen county clerk by popu- lar suffrage in 1898, and on the expiration of a four years' term was re-elected so that his present incumbency will continue until 1906. Mr. Gicker was married in Pittsfield to Miss Anna R. Heck, of this city, a daughter of Joseph Heck, a resident of Pike county for many years. but now deceased. His wife has also passed away. Mr. and Mrs. Gicker have two sons both born in Pittsfield : Julius R.,now a resident of KansasCity, Missouri ; and Otto D., deputy county clerk of Pittsfield. They have a pleasant home about a block and a half west of the public square in Pitts- field and occupy an enviable position in the social circles of the city. Mr. Gicker is a valuable respresentative of the Masonic lodge, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Pike County Mu- tual Life Association, of which he is a director. His political affiliation has always been with the democracy ; and he is a member of the Methodist church. His is not an exceptional career, and yet it is one worthy of commendation, from the fact that he came to America when young and empty- handed, and through the utilization of opportuni- ties, through close application and earnest pur- pose be has worked his way upward, enjoying the confidence and good will of his fellowmen as is evidenced by his long continuance in public office. JOB DIXON. Job Dixon, now seventy-eight years of age, is the owner of a splendidly improved farm on sec- tion 6, Perry township. He started out in life on his own account when but twelve years of age and has since worked his way upward. He has overcome difficulties and obstacles and in the legitimate channels of trade has won the success which he is now enjoying, being today one of the extensive landowners of the county. He was born June 11, 1828, in Lincolnshire, England. His parents were Thomas and Mary (Barker) Dixon, also natives of England, the former born January 31, 1785, and the latter April 18, I79S- The death of the father occurred January 31, 1846, while his wife passed away in 1870 on the seventy-fifth anniversary of her birth. In their family were four sons and two daughters, but only two are now living. Job and Thomas. The latter was born November 19, 1831, and is now re- siding in Lincolnshire, England, while Job is the JOHN R. GICKER PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 503 representative of the family in the new world. He never attended a day school save through one win- ter season. His' parents were in limited financial circumstances and it was necessary that he began to provide for his own support when but twelve years of age. When sixteen years of age through his own labor he paid six months' tuition in a night school and he also attended a night school for two winters after his marriage. He thus learned to write a fair hand and also became fa- miliar with business principles. He had become a good reader in his early youth and experience, reading and observation in later years have brought to him broad information, making him a well informed man. On Monday, the 4th of October, 1858, Job Dixon was united in marriage to Miss Ann Steph- enson, who was also a native of Lincolnshire, born December 6, 1834. The wedding ceremony was performed by William Pierce in the Episcopal church at West Ashby, England, with Thomas Barton and Elizabeth Stephenson as witnesses and on the following Monday the young couple started for the United States, sailing from Liver- pool to New York, whence they made their way westward to Adams county, Illinois. They not only were without capital, but Mr. Dixon had in- curred an indebtedness of one hundred and five dollars for their passage, which he paid back the second summer after his arrival. During the first winter, 1860-1, he and his wife worked for eleven dollars per month. He was afterward able to ob- tain higher wages and his economy and industry at length brought him capital sufficient to enable him to purchase a farm. He invested in one hun- dred and twenty acres of land in Perry township, Pike county, and with renewed impetus began the development of his land, which in course of time was transformed into a very productive tract. As the years have passed by and his financial re- sources have increased he has added to his prop- erty from time to time until his realty holdings now embrace eight hundred and sixty-eight acres divided into five farms, all of which are occupied by his children. Three lie in Perry township, one in Fairmount township and one in Elkhorn township. Brown county. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dixon have been born the following named : John Thomas born January 9, 1 861, married Sarah Boothby, October 29, 1890, and is now living on one hundred and forty-three acres of land, which is a part of the home place, belonging to his father. Mary Ann, born Septem- ber 8, 1862, was married December 13, 1887, to Perry Zimmerman and resides in Elkhorn town- ship. Emma, born February 22, 1864, became the wife of Henry Smith on the 26th of February, 1889, and they now occupy a farm of one hundred acres belonging to her father. William, born November 19, 1865, was married February 28, 1894, to Carrie Stewart and occupies a farm of one hundred and twenty acres belonging to his father. Samuel S., who was born August 5, 1868, is living on the home farm. Job Henry, born Jan- uary 19, 1872, was married August 28, 1898, to Daisy Seaborn, who was born December 30, 1874, and they now reside upon the old homestead farm of two hundred and fifty acres with his father. Rebecca E., born October 30, 1869, became the wife of Oscar Rusk, March 20, 1894, and they are living upon a farm of one hundred and twenty acres in Perry township belonging to her father. Frederick, born April 12, 1874, died February 21, 1884. George A., born October 7, 1875, is now living on a farm of one hundred and thirty-five a::res, which is his father's property. He was Married October 14, 1903, to Lena Turnbull. Mrs. Dixon, the mother of these children, died Decem- ber 25, 1895. As before stated, Mr. Dixon's first purchase of land comprised one hundred and twenty acres where he now resides. Upon the place was a log cabin enclosed by a rail fence and a few logs had been piled up and covered with straw in order to afford shelter for the team. With characteristic energy Mr. Dixon began the improvement of the property and is today the owner of one of the finest farms in Perry township. When his fine residence, erected at a cost of three thousand dol- lars, was destroyed by fire when it had been com- pleted only a few years he immediately set to work and erected an even more corhmodious and finer residence than before and his home is now one of the attractive features in the landscape. He has large bams and sheds upon his place and the farm is a splendidly improved property. He has 504 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. placed the greater part of his land under cultiva- tion and has made a specialty of the raising of Shropshire sheep, shorthorn cattle and good horses and swine. In all of his work he has been persistent and energetic, never brooking any ob- stacles that could be overcome by determined purpose and although his advantages in early life were extremely few he has made steady progress and is today one of the most prosperous farmers of his county. He has never had occasion to re- gret his determination to seek a home in America but has felt proud that he became an American citizen, for he found here the business opportu- nities he sought and in this land, unhampered by caste or class, he has made for himself an honor- able name and a very desirable fortune. ROBERT FRANKLIN. Robert Franklin, living on section 23, Spring Creek township, is one of the active and progres- sive farmers and business men of his part of the county and his landed possessions aggregate five hundred acres, which he cultivates according to modern methods, producing the best results from field and pasture. He is a native of England, his birth having occurred in Gloucestershire on the 22d of March, 1849. Flis father, Jacob Frank- lin, was also born and reared in Eng'land, where he learned the stone-mason's trade, which he, followed in order to provide for his family. Rob- ert Franklin remained under the parental roof until his nineteenth year and with his father learned the stone-mason's trade. He enjoyed good common-school advantages and in his nine- teenth year he and his brother John sailed from Liverpool to America, landing in New York. He then began life in a strange country, but hoped to find better business opportunities in the new world, having heard favorable reports concern- ing its business conditions. He worked at his trade at different places in New York, Pennsyl- vania, Maryland and Ohio. He was emploved on the Powers block in Rochester and helped to build the government lighthouse on Lake Ontario near Niagara Falls. He worked at various places in the eastern and middle states and for five years made his home in Cleveland, during which time he acted as foreman on the construction of the courthouse in that city. Mr. Franklin was married in Connecticut be- fore coming to the west, the wedding being cele- brated in New Haven, on which occasion he made Miss Eliza Smith his wife. She was born in England and was a daughter of Joseph Smith, a native of that country. She made the trip to America in order to meet her prospective hus- band, their troth having been plighted in their native country. They were married on the 21st of November, 1871, and Mrs. Franklin has al- ways traveled with her husband, maintaining a pleasant home for him in the different cities to which his business interests have called him. While living in Cleveland he traded his town property for eighty acres of land in Pike county, Illinois, constituting a part of what is now the old home place. He then came to the farm and began to clear and improve the land, upon which he erected a frame residence and barn. He also began to cultivate the fields and from time to time he purchased more land until he now has a large and well improved place. He has done much work at his trade in addition to carrying on agricultural pursuits and was active in the building of the Alton Railroad through Pike county and also has been identified to some ex- tent with building operations in Greene county. He has erected upon his farm a good stone resi- dence which is two stories in height and which was built in 1887. He quarried his own stone and constructed the building entirely unaided. It has in front a beautiful portico unlike anything else to be seen in the county. This home is one of the beautiful features of the landscape and stands in the midst of a well kept lawn. At places the stone has been adorned with fine carving and al- together the residence is a credit to the builder and to the community at large. Mr. Franklin also assisted in the erection of the present court- house in Pittsfield, which is built entirely of stone, much of which was quarried in this county. In fact he was the only stone workman employed on the building from Pike county. He is prac- tically, however, retired from mason work, but .J.i PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 505 does some monumental work and assists his sons in Nebo, who have an establishment in that place. They carry a fine line of marble and monument goods. The sons, William, Walter and Edward Franklin, are partners in this enterprise, which was established in 1900 and they have built a brick store building in Nebo. Unto Mr. and ]Mrs. Franklin have been born six children, of whom one died in infancy. The others are William, who is married and resides in Nebo ; Henry, who is married and operates the home farm ; Walter, who is connected with the monument business in Nebo ; Herbert, who aids in the farm work ; and Edward, who is married and lives in Nebo. Henry wedded Verna Bunn, a daughter of Samuel Bunn, a native of Calhoun county, Illinois, and they now reside upon the old homestead, but have a separate residence. Two children have been born unto them, Owen and Linn. Mr. and Mrs. Franklin are liberal in their re- ligious views, attending different churches and contributing to their support. Politically he is a democrat, loyal in his advocacy of the party, but he has neither time nor inclination for public office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. He raises some graded cat- tle, making a specialty of Herefords and has a thoroughbred bull. His farm is one of the best improved properties in this part of the state and upon it he has now a good orchard and much small fruit. There are also ample buildings for the shelter of grain and stock, which taken in addition to the handsome residence makes this one of the finest farms of Pike countv. EDWARD STONE. Edward Stone, deceased, who was identified with agricultural interests, was born in Pleasant Hill township, Pike county, February 22, 1852, and was the eldest son of Llewellyn and Mary (Jewel) Stone. His education was acquired in the common schools and in the high school of Pittsfield and he was thus well equipped for life's practical and responsible duties. In his yottth he became familiar with all the labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. In 1879 ^r. Stone was united in marriage to Miss Phoebe Davis, a na- tive of Pittsfield, her marriage being celebrated in the house in which she was born. Her par- ents were James and Mary (Yates) Davis, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Ken- tucky. The father was a farmer by occupation and carried on general agricultural pursuits for many years, capably directing his labors so that he won a comfortable competence and in later life lived retired in Pittsfield. He had accumulated a large capital and engaged in loaning money. He died in the year 1889, having for two years sur- vived his wife, who passed away in December, 1887. They were the parents of seven children, of whom six are yet living : Mrs. Ruth Thomp- son, who resides in Mechanicsburg, Illinois ; Mrs. Eliza Lisk, who is living in Kansas : Maria, the wife of James Newport, a resident of Pittsfield ; William Davis, who is also living in Pittsfield ; Mrs. Mary Ann Shaw, who resides in Summer Hill, Illinois : and Mrs. Stone. The last named pursued her education in the schools of Pittsfield and was carefully trained in the work of the household, so that she was well equipped for caring for a home of her own at the time of her marriage. Three daughters were born of this union and are all yet living, namely : Bessie, who is engaged in teaching school in Washington; May, who is living with her mother; and Luella, who is a student in the Pittsfield high school. The elder two daughters are also grad- uates of the high school of Pittsfield. The death of Mr. Stone occurred on the 28th of July, 1900, and his remains were interred in South cemetery at Pittsfield. He led a busy, useful and active life, always devoting his energies to agricultural pur- suits, and by the assistance of his estimable wife he acquired most of the property which is now in possession of his family. He worked earnestly and persistently and his integrity stood as an un- questioned fact in his career. His political alle- giance was given to the democracy and he held some local offices, including that of township as- sessor. In community interests he always mani- fested a desire for progress and improvement and gave his co-operation to many measures for the general good. Both he and his wife were mem- 5o6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. bers of the Christian church, to which her par- ents also belonged, and Mr. Stone served as dea- con in the church for a number of years, while his father was an elder. His interest in various church activities was deep and sincere and he also contributed generously according to his means to its support. His death was deeply regretted by many friends as well as his immediate family for his life was such as commanded the good will and confidence of those with whom he was associated. Mrs. Stone owns two hundred and forty acres of fine land and has a beautiful home where she re- sides a mile south of Pittsfield. She leases most of the land, but she keeps forty head of cattle, some hogs and horses. She has always been a very industrious woman and her labors were of great benefit to her husband in his active business career. J. SMITH THOMAS, M. D. Dr. J. Smith Thomas, a member of the medical fraternity and one of the oldest practitioners of Pike county, having been located at Pleasant Hill for thirty-four years, has resided in this village for a much longer period, having taken up his abode here in 1849. He was born in Pike county, Missouri, near Louisiana, on the 26th of August, 1845. His father, Dr. John A. Thomas, was a native of Virginia, born April 8, 1818, while the grandfather, Cornelius Thomas, was likewise born in the Old Dominion, and was a son of Charles Thomas, who was one of the heroes of the Revolution. The family is of Welsh descent, and from the same ancestry is descended General George H. Thomas, who was one of the promi- nent commanders of the Union forces in the Civil war. Dr. John A. Thomas came to the Mississippi valley with his father, Cornelius Thomas, about 1833, and settled in Pike county, Missouri. He was then a young man, and, taking up the study of medicine, he afterward engaged in practice in Pike county, Missouri, for a few years. In 1849, however, he moved across the river to Pike county, Illinois, settling at Pleasant Hill, where he continued in the active prosecution of his pro- fession for a considerable period. He had a large and lucrative practice and was recognized as one of the prominent physicians of this county, his business extending for miles around. In many a household he was the loved family physician, whose aid could always be counted upon and whose labor was an efficient and potent element in checking the ravages of disease and restoring healtlj. He was twice married, his first union be- ing with Miss Sarah E. Griffith, whom he wedded in Missouri. Her birth occurred in Pike county, that state, her parents being Joel and Mary (Smith) Griffith, who had removed from Ken- tucky to Missouri. Mrs. Thomas died in Pleas- ant Hill, Illinois. Four children had been born of that union. Subsequently Dr. John A, Thomas married Miss Sophia Blair, of Barry, Illinois, a daughter of Ex-Senator Blair, of Pike county, Il- linois. She was educated in Jacksonville (Illi- nois) Female College, from which she was gradu- ated, and later she became one of the teachers and afterward professor of mathematics in that insti- tution, which position she held prior to her mar- riage to Dr. Thomas. Of the Masonic fraternity Dr. Thomas was a leading representative at Pleas- ant Hill. He was also a prominent member of the Baptist church, and his life was ever honorable and upright. He was an ardent supporter of the cause of prohibition, fearlessly expressing his opiTiions, and doing much good along this line, the effects of which are still preceptible in Pleas- ant Hill. An active and useful career was termi- nated by his death on the 2Sth of February, 1888, his remains being interred in Pleasant Hill ceme- tery. Great regret was felt throughout the com- munity, because he had so endeared himself to many patrons and friends as to make his demise the occasion of a feeling of personal loss to all who knew -him. His widow still survives him, and now resides with her son, C. C. Thomas, upon the old homestead. Dr. J. Smith Thomas is the eldest of the family of four children born of his father's first marriage. The others are : Lizzie, who became the wife of T. J. Shultz and died in 1905 ; Mary, who became the wife of H. C. Moore and died in 1905 ; and C. J. Thomas, of Pleasant Hill. By the father's second marriage there were three children ; A. Dr- J. SMITH THOMAS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 509 J. Thomas, living in Pleasant Hill ; W. S., a busi- ness man of St. Louis, i^Iissouri ; and Clarence C, who is cashier of the Citizens' Bank of Pleasant Hill. Dr. J. Smith Thomas was reared in the village of Pleasant Hill and took up the study of medi- cine with his father as his preceptor. Later he pursued courses of lectures in college, and was graduated from the Ohio Medical College at Cin- cinnati with the class of 1872. When he had com- pleted his studies he returned home and joined his father in practice. In 1876-7 he pursued a post-graduate couse in St. Louis, Missouri, and lie took a second post-graduate course in New York city in 1900-1. In 1884, Dr. Thomas spent the winter in San Antonio, Texas, where he en- gaged in practice, returning home in the follow- ing spring. He has been an active member of the medical profession of this locality for nearly thirty-five years, and during that period a number of young men have studied under him, and later engaged in practice with him. At this writing a nephew. Dr. Wells, who was reared and educated by Dr. Thomas, is now in partnership with him and the firm is a strong and capable one. Dr. Thomas was married in Pike county on the 24th of November, 1874, to Miss Molly S. Wells, a daughter of Perry S. Wells, one of the promi- nent farmers and early settlers of Pike county, formerly from Kentucky, whence he removed to ^Missouri, and later came to Pike county, Illinois. LTnto the Doctor and his wife have been born five children ; Grace, who married Frank Darrow, and is now living in East St. Louis ; Blanche, the wife of W. T. Waugh, of Pleasant Hill ; Lizzie, at home ; Jessie, the wife of Scott Galloway, a business man of Pleasant Hill ; and Leslie, at home. Politically Dr. Thomas was formerly a repub- lican but now votes with the democratic party, and is the only member of his family thus afiSliated. Religiously he is an active member of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity, and his po3ition in social circles and as a citizen is a creditable one ; but he is best known as a representative of the medical fraternity. His efforts have been of last- ing and permanent good, and he enjoys the high- est respect of his professional brethren, because of his close adherence to an advanced standard of professional ethics. His study and reading have been comprehensive and his investigation has led to more thorough and accurate knowledge result- ing in greater proficiency in his practice. HARVEY W. SWEETING. Harvey W. Sweeting, in early manhood a farm hand and now a prosperous farmer, owning a valuable property in Griggsville township, was born May 10, 1869, his parents being Richard and Dorothy (Marshall) Sweeting, both of whom were natives of England. The father, for many years an enterprising agriculturist of Perry town- ship, was born in Knaresboro, Yorkshire, Eng- land, near the castle of the same name and was a son of Jonathan Sweeting, a native of West Rid- ing, Yorkshire, where his childhood and youth were passed. Having learned the shoemaker's trade, he followed that pursuit until his death, which occurred when he was in his ninetieth year. Richard Sweeting, the great-grandfather of our subject, was also of English lineage and made his home in Yorkshire, where he followed the occupation of shoemaking and passed away when nearly ninety years of age. He was twice married, while Jonathan Sweeting, the grand- father of our subject, was married three times, his first union being with Miss Mary Greenough, who was born and reared in Yorkshire but in one ancestral line came of Scotch lineage. She died when her son, Richard Sweeting, was only six years of age. Richard Sweeting remained in his father's home after the latter's second marriage and mas- tered the trade to which his father and grand- father had given their attention, becoming an ex- cellent shoemaker. He afterward learned the baker's trade, which he followed in England un- til September, 1846, when, attracted by the op- portunities and privileges of the new world, he sailed for America on the General Park Hale, a merchant ship bound for New Orleans. After a voyage of seven weeks he landed at the Crescent 510 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. city and proceeded up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, Missouri, and on to Griggsville Land- ing on the Illinois river. For three years he made his home with his uncle, William Thackery, in Flint township, and after seven years he re- turned to England, where he was married to Miss Dorothy Marshall, whose birth occurred in Knaresboro in 1834, her parents being James and Ann (Sly) Marshall, also natives of Yorkshire, although the Sly family is of Scotch descent. Both Mr. and Mrs. Marshall lived to an advanced age, remaining residents of England and the former was a prominent educator for forty-five years, while for more than a half century he served as parish clerk. Mrs. Sweeting was the third in order of birth in his family of three daughters and four sons and was carefully edu- cated in her father's school. Mr. Sweeting re- turned with his bride to the new world and in 1853 took up his abode upon a farm in Perry township, where for many years he made his home, becoming one of the prominent and lead- ing agriculturists of that community. He died January 10, 1900, at the age of seventy-one years and four months, while his wife passed away July 29, 1902, at the age of sixty-seven years, six months and twelve days. In their family were eleven children, of whom the following are now living, namely : Jennie, who married Frank McVev ; Mrs. Anna Rush ; Mrs. Vina E. Irving ; Arthur, who married Mary Dorsey : Frederick, who married Clementina Ham ; and George, who wedded Cora Greiwe. When Richard Sweeting arrived in this countrv he had but three dollars and seventy-five cents and from a humble financial position he worked his way steadily upward to one of affluence and for many years was a prosperous and respected agriculturist of Perry township. Harvey W. Sweeting, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the public schools and was reared to farm life. He carried on farming on his own account for four years prior to his marriage and throughout the period of his youth, as his age and strength permitted, he as- sisted his father in the operation of the old home- stead. He now devotes his time and energies to general farming and stock-raising, having one hundred acres of well improved land, which he has brought under a high state of cultivation. He raises from fifty to seventy-five head of hogs each year and he also breeds and raises good horses, having from five to seven head. In his business he allows no outside influences to interfere with, his faithful performance of each day's duties and in the control of his property and the care of his fields as well as in stock-raising he has shown a thorough understanding of his work and has won a goodly success. On the 26th of January, 1894, Mr. Sweeting was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Van Zandt, the wedding being celebrated in Pittsfield. Her parents were Joseph P. and Caroline (Brower) Van Zandt and as the name indicates, the family is of German origin, its early representatives in America being resi- dents of Pennsylvania. John Van Zandt, grand- father of Mrs. Sweeting, was a native of Ken- tucky, where he followed farming and carpenter- ing. He there married a Miss Niece, whose birth occurred in Penns)lvania and who died in her native state, leaving three children, all of whom have now passed away. After losing his first wife John \^an Zandt wedded Miss Lydia Uttley in Pennsylvania. Her parents were English and following their marriage crossed the Atlantic tO' the L^nited States, settling in Mifilin county, Pennsylvania, where they passed away at sn ad- vanced age. Following his second marriage Mr. Van Zandt resided in Pennsylvania until called to his final rest. Joseph Van Zandt, father of Mrs. Sweeting, was born in Mifflin county, Penn- sylvania, in June, 1831, and learned the trade of a millwright and carpenter. In June, 1858, he came to Pike county, Illinois, and residing in Fairmount township was connected with building operations until 1880, when failing health forced him to retire from carpentering and he afterward devoted his attention to the management of a farm of five hundred acres on section 23, Perry township. He was a very prosperous man and the greater part of his property and capital were secured after his removal to Pike county. He served as a soldier of the Civil war, enlisting in August, 1862, as a member of Company B, Nine- tv-ninth Illinois Infantrv, under Colonel Mat- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 5" thews. Later he was transferred to Company PI of the same regiment under Captain Hill, and with the Ninety-ninth Illinois he participated in the battle of Hartsford, but was thrown from a wagon and sustained severe injuries that caused his honorable discharge. His wife, whom he wedded in Mount Sterling, Illinois, was a daugh- ter of John and Delight (Smith) Brower, who were natives of New York and were of Plolland lineage. ]\irs. Van Zandt was born in Aladison county. New York, February lo, 1837, and in 1839 her parents removed to ^Missouri, whence they came to Pike county, Illinois, the father be- coming owner of a small farm on section 14, Fairmount township, where he and his wife spent their remaining days. They were members of the church of Latter Day Saints. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Van Zandt were seven children, including Mrs. Sweeting, who by her marriage has become the mother of two children : Dorothy C, born February 10, 1895 ; and William H., born October 11, 1899. Mr. Sweeting gives his political allegiance to the republican party. He belongs to the Farm- ers' Alliance, to the Knights of Pythias and both he and his wife are connected with the Rathbone Sisters. He also holds membership in the Anti- Horse Thief Association and at the present writ- ing he is serving as a school director. In com- munity affairs he is deeply interested, the cause of education finding in him a warm friend, while all matters of public progress receive his endorse- ment and many times his active co-operation. GEORGE U. McCOMAS, M. D. Dr. George U. McComas, engaged in the prac- tice of medicine and surgery in New Canton, was born in Harford county, Maryland, May 2, 1858, his parents being Joshua and Rebecca J. (Maul) McComas. The parents' birth also oc- curred in Harford county, Maryland, and they were married there in 1856. The father was a wheelright by trade, and in connection with other pursuits he carried on farming to some extent. His religious faith was that of the Methodist Episcopal church, while in his political views he was a stalwart republican. He died November 28, 1896, at the age of si.xty-five years and is still survived by his widow who is now living in Adams county in her seventieth year. They were the parents of five sons and a daughter, namely : George U., of this review; William M., a con- tractor and builder residing in Adams county ; Charles H., who is a train dispatcher on the Northern Central Railroad in Baltimore ; Marion, a blacksmith at Plainville, Adams county; James B., who is in the postoffice at Baltimore, Mary- land ; and Mary Edith, who is living with her mother and brother in Adams county, Illinois. Dr. McComas pursued his early education in the public schools of his native county and in 1876 came to Illinois, being at that time about seventeen years of age. He worked at farming about three summers and then returned to Mary- land, where he read dentistry under the direction of J. W. Barton, at Blackhorse, Maryland, with whom he remained for two j'ears. In 1880 he returned to Illinois and registered as a dentist at Mendon, Adams county, where he spent a year and a half, after which he came to Barry in 1882. There he engaged' in dental practice for six years, but in the meantime, believing that he would find the practice of medicine more con- genial, he devoted his leisure hours from 1884 until 1888, inclusive, to reading medicine under the direction of Dr. J. G. McKinney, passing the state board examination on the 13th of August. 1888. On the 7th of November of the same year he located for practice in New Canton, where he has remained continuously since. He has been an earnest student of his profession and in the winter of 1892-3 he attended the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, Iowa. Reading research and experiment have also broadened his knowledge and promoted his efficiency and he now has a good business and is well thought of throughout the county. He belongs to the Pike County Medical Society, the lUinois State Medical Association and the American Medical Association. On the 25th of June, 1884, Dr. McComas was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary E. Davis, who was born April 8, 1859, and is a daughter of Perry 51^ PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. H. and Eliza (Johnson) Davis. Her father was born in Fountain county, Indiana, February lO, 1826, and was a son of Robert and Amanda (Blair) Davis, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Indiana. The family comes of Scotch ancestry and in 1829 the grandparents of ]\Irs. McComas came to Pike county, settling in Kinderhook, where her father acquired his edu- cation. In 1851 he married Mrs. Eliza Ship- man, who was born in Columbus, Ohio, March 6, 1828. Thev became the parents of five children. In the year of their marriage they removed to New Canton, where Mr. Davis engaged in mer- chandising until 1862, when he was elected countv sheriff, serving for two years in that of- fice. He then resumed business as a merchant, continuing in that line until 1878, when he sold out. He also practiced law to some extent and was successful as a representative of the profession. His political allegiance was given to the democ- racy. As a pioneer settler he saw the country in its primitive condition, when wolves and other wild animals were numerous and when deer and lesser kinds of game could be had in abundance. He died January 27, 1887, and is still survived by his widow, who now resides in New Canton, where she has lived continuously since 1845. She was twice married, her first husband being James Shipman, who died in 1849, after which, in 1851, she gave her hand in marriage to Mr. Davis. By her first union she had three sons : Philander, who was born October 23, 1845, ^'^'^ died after attaining manhood ; Pulaski, who was born August 3, 1847, and is living in New Can- ton ; and James, who was born August 13, 1849, and resides in the state of Washington. By the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Davis there were five children but only two are now living : Mrs. Mc- Comas ; and Charles J., who was born Mav 16, 1861, and now resides in Portland, Oregon. Dr. McComas is a member of the JMasonic fraternity, being affiliated with New Canton lodge. No. 821, A. F. & A. M. He also belongs to Pleasant Vale lodge. No. 381, Knights of Py- thias, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a republican but is without aspiration for office, as his time and attention are fullv occu- pied by his professional duties. His native intel- lectual strength, his unfaltering determination and laudable ambition have been the salient feat- ures in a successful professional career, and cons- tantly growing business is indicative of the trust reposed in him by his fellow townsmen who find in his capable work the best justification of their trust and confidence. MARK S. BRADBURN. Mark Shackelford Bradburn, member of the Pike county bar and state's attorney at Pittsfield, was born in Randolph county, Missouri, August 5, i860. His parents were Alexander M. and Emily E. (Jamison) Bradburn. The father was a farmer by occupation and died September 10, 1890. He served for three years as a soldier in the Civil war, advocating the Union cause. He came of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Mark S. Bradburn spent his boyhood days un- der the parental roof and supplemented his early education acquired in the common schools by study in the Central Normal College at Danville, Indiana, where he pursued a scientific course. After attaining his majority he worked by the month in the summer seasons for several years upon various farms of the county. He was al- ways of a studious nature, of quiet disposition and industrious habits and his personal worth as well as his industry won him the unqualified confidence and respect of those by whom he was employed. When about nineteen years of age he began teach- ing school, which he followed in both district and village schools in Pike county, giving his attention largely to the profession until 1894. In the mean- time he had taken up the study of law, which he pursued assiduously and, having mastered the chief principles of jurisprudence, he was, upon ex- amination, admitted to the bar in 1894. He has since practiced with good success. In the court- room he presents his cause in clear and logical manner, being seldom at fault in his deductions, but like all truly successful lawyers, his greatest work is done in his office, where he prepares his cases with great thoroughness and care. On the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 513 9th of April, 1904, he was nominated for states at- torney of Pike county o;j the democratic ticket and at the election in the succeeding November was found to be the popular choice for the office, which he is now capably filling, discharging his duties without fear or favor. In his private practice his devotion to his clients' interests is proverbial, yet he never forgets that he owes a higher allegiance to the majesty of the law. Mr. Bradburn was for three years, from 1894 to 1897, a member of the Illinois National Guard. Since 1893 he has been a member of the Christian church, having joined the organization in Barry and he belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Masonic fraternity and the Mutual Protective League. In manner he is entirely free from ostentation and display, vet possesses that genuine personal worth which commands regard and good will. He has ever been of studious habits, displaying a strict conformity to the high moral principles which he has ever entertained and developing a well rounded nature through the exercise of the latent talents with which na- ture endowed him. He is in his present office proving a capable official and in his chosen life work has met with a fair measure of success. JOHN KENDRICK. About a mile and a half from New Canton is located the well improved farm of John Ken- drick who is a self-made man, owing his success entirely to earnest and unremitting toil. He is today the owner of two hundred and eighty acres of rich and arable land. He was born in Kildare, Ireland, on the 24th of June, 1855, and in his business career has exemplified the versatility and diligence characteristic of the Irish race. His parents were William and Maria (Heffron) Ken- drick, who were also natives of the Emerald Isle, where the father followed the occupation of farm- ing. They resided in the land of their birth until May, 1866, when they took passage on a sailing vessel bound for America and after five weeks and three days on the ocean landed at Castle Garden, New York. They had a very rough voyage and in the storm one night all the masts were broken. After reaching the eartern metrop- olis Mr. Kendrick at once made his way to Quin- cy, Illinois, whence he drove to Pike county with a one-horse wagon, locating near the head of Kiser creek. After a period of about three years spent here he passed away in 1869. His widow afterward married Joseph McFarland and her death occurred in March, 1902. By the first marriage there were born six children, four sons and two daughters, namely : John ; Mrs. Belle Barnett, now deceased ; Mrs. Jane Feshe, of Wash- ington, also deceased; Ed; Mrs. Mary Smading, of Washington ; and iMrs. Kate Gogsdill, also of the same state. John Kendrick spent the first eleven years of his life in his native land and then accompanied his parents on their emigration to the new world. His education was acquired in the common schools and when a youth of fifteen he started out to make his own way in the world, fighting life's battles unaided but coming ofif victor in the strife. He was first employed by the month at farm labor and saving his earnings he was finally enabled to purchase a farm south of New Canton, which he cultivated for a time and then sold. He first invested in two hundred acres of land where he now lives in Pleasant Vale township, and this is one of the fine farms of the county. It is lo- cated both on the bluff and on the bottom and is conveniently situated about a mile and a half north of New Canton, so that the privileges of urban life are readily acquired. The fields are well tilled and through the rotation of crops and the use of fertilizers are kept in good bearing condition, so that he annually harvests large crops. Mr. Kendrick was married to Miss Marv Wheelan, a daughter of James and Isabelle (Brown) Wheelan. Her father was born in Ire- land in 1837 and came to St. Louis, Missouri, with his mother in 1848. He was a son of Richard and Mary (Scully) Wheelan and the former died in 1846, after which his mother crossed the Atlantic with her son, making the voyage in a sailing vessel, which was six weeks and four days upon the bosom of the Atlantic before dropping anchor in the harbor of New 514 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Orltans. They remained in St. Louis until 1855, when Mr. Wheelan came to Pike county and en- tered the employ of Horace Palmer, a black- smith. Later he followed the same pursuit upon his own account until 1873, when he turned his attention to farming and in 1877 he took up his abode upon a farm, which he had purchased in 1870, and on which he has resided continuously since. He has here two hundred and forty acres of fine land on section i. Pleasant Vale township, improved with a beautiful home and substantial buildings for the shelter of grain and stock. He was married in 1857 to INIiss Isabelle Brown, a native of Ireland, and of their seven children four are yet living, namely: Mary, now Mrs. Ken- drick; Belle, the wife of Warren S. Spencer, of Pleasant Vale township; William, who resides with his father, having lost his wife, who bore the maiden name of Anna Brammel and who at her death left three children, John B., James S. and George S. ; James G., who also lives with his father. He married Anna Hoverland, who has departed this life. One daughter, Ella, became the wife of John Likes and at her death left a son, Alexander H. Rebecca married Ed Fesler, and both are now deceased. The)- left two chil- dren, James W. and Ella M. Richard was the other member of the Wheelan family. The mother died in 1873 and in 1877 Mr. Wheelan married Eliza Brown. He is a democrat and a Ro)'al Arch Mason. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Kendrick have been born ten children : William, who married Mabel New- man and is living in Washington ; Belle, the wife of Will Gard, who resides near the Kendrick farm ; James ; Charles ; Harry ; Kate ; Samuel ; Mary ; Eliza ; and Johnnie. The family have a pleasant home upon the farm and with the assistance of his sons Mr. Kendrick is carefully conducting his business interests. He carries on general farming and stock-raising and is quite extensively engaged in stock-dealing. He has both Angus cattle and shorthorns, and he also raises a large number of hogs. He buys, feeds and ships cattle, and annually sends large numbers to the city market. This branch of his business is proving a very profitable source of income to him and indicates that he is an excellent judge of stock, making judicious purchases and remu- nerative sales. In his political views Mr. Kendrick is an earn- est and unfaltering republican, deeply interested in the growth and success of his party. He has held some local offices, being school director, road commissioner and chairman of the board of town- ship trustees at different times. He belongs to the Masonic lodge. No. 821, of New Canton, and camp. No. 1148, M. W. A. His life work might be summed up in the phrase "through struggles to success." He has triumphed over difficulties and obstacles such as any man may encounter in a business career and as the years have gone by, he has wrested prosperity from the hand of fate. JACOB TURNBAUGH. Jacob Turnbaugh, deceased, was born in Wash- ington sounty, Kentucky, May 22, 1818, and was a son of George and Nancy Turnbaugh, so well known in the pioneer days of Pike county. In infancy the subject of our sketch emigrated with his parents to Lincoln county, Missouri, where they lived until March 6, 1827, when they were lured to the rich soil of Pike county, settling on what is now known as the Donevan farm near the Stockland schoolhouse. The country being new, they had to undergo untold suffering. The county at this early period of its history was sparsely settled, and they had none of the conveniences of modern times, while the native savages and ferocious animals were numerous. At this early day where the village of Pleasant Hill now stands was a dense wilder- ness known as "Bear Thicket," and just one mile west of this, surrounded by an almost impene- trable forest, was a small one-roomed log house — the home of the boy whose life we here record, and who grew to the pure and noble-hearted man widely known as one of the landmarks m the early history of the county. Mr. Turnbaugh's early educational advantages were very limited, not having enjoyed the free schools, as do the boys of the present day. While he was deprived of such opportunities himself, ]\\S'r A.VD PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 515 he never failed to realize the worth of an educa- tion, and always advised the young that it was the best investment of their lives. In this wilderness home the subject of our sketch grew to manhood, residing continuously within three miles of town, much of the time on the Mississippi bottom. He was the second of a family of ten children, of whom one brother and one sister are still living. On the 2d of July, 1836, he was united in marriage to Abigail Col- lard, and to this union were born eight children, two boys and six girls : Jonathan, Cotel, Nancy Jane, Mary Elizabeth, Margaret Eliza, Ruth Em- ily, Sarah Samantha, Amanda Melvina and George Washington. Mrs. Abigail Turnbaugh departed this life in July, 1869. Mr. Turnbaugh was married again on the 22d of February, 1871, this time to Samantha Jane Simpson. To this union two children were born : William Edward and Viola Belle ; the sister hav- ing crossed the river of death February 3, 1899. In the early '50s the deceased united with the Baptist church at Martinsburg, six miles north of Pleasant Hill, and was one of the fifty-three petitioners who later asked the mother church at Martinsburg for letters of dismissal, that they might constitute an independent church in Pleas- ant Hill, and which were granted May 4, 1857. While a young man he learned the carpenter trade, but is remembered as one of the industrious pioneer farmers of Pleasant Hill township. Up to the time of the war he had owned three differ- ent farms, and finally bought a farm one mile south of Pleasant Hill, where he spent the closing years of his life, and where his death occurred January 11, 1903, at the age of eighty-four years, seven months and nineteen days. The funeral, conducted by Rev. William Gaither, of Medora, took place in the Baptist church, of which he had been so long a faithful member. He was the last of the old settlers of Pleasant Hill township ; was a member of the Old Settlers' Association of Pike county, and helped erect the first building ever put up in Pleasant Hill, being near where the Baptist church now stands. Another event noticeable is that the subject of our sketch was born in the same year the grand old state of Illinois was admitted to the Union. Politically he was a democrat, and never voted anything but that ticket. He never held office of any kind either socially or politically, believing his plain duty to be that of a hard-working, hon- est and honorable citizen. Pie lived to see the country change from its wild state to a fertile field of plenty — a living monument to the noble work of the sturdy pioneers with whom he cast his lot in life. Mr. Turnbaugh loved to talk with his friends, children and grandchildren of his early life in this new country. It would require a volume to record his recollections of those early days of pioneer hardships, but he looked back to thenr with happy recollections and liked to recall them and talk about them. "Uncle Jake," as he was familiarly called by both old and young, was a man of Christian in- tegrity, high moral principle, good judgment, be- loved and esteemed by all who knew him. He was plain and unostentatious in his manners, a kind neighbor, a pleasant conversationalist, a lov- ing father, and a kind friend with strong religious convictions, undeviating honesty — a fit and hon- orable representative of his worthy ancestors. CHARLES E. BOLIN. Charles E. Bolin is one of the prominent and representative business men of Pike covmty, mak- ing his home in A-Iilton, where he is now conduct- ing the Exchange Bank, of which he is sole owner. He is also engaged extensively in the live-stock business, and has large landed interests. His recognition of business opportunities, his ca- pable use of each situation and his unfaltering pel severance and diligence constitute the salient elements in a successful career. He is a native of Dewitt county, Illinois, born April 29, 1843, his parents being Myrus F. and Rebecca A. Bo- lin, both of whom are now deceased, the father having passed away at the age of s.-.ty-five years, while the mother's death occurred when she was eighty-one years of age. They were long resi- dents of Dewitt county, Illinois, where they ar- rived in 1838, thus casting in their lot with the 5i6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. earlv settlers who aided in the reclamation of that district for the purposes of cultivation and civilization. There they continued to reside until called to their final rest. Charles E. Bolin was reared upon the old home farm there, and acquired his education in the country schools, wherein he mastered the usual branches of learning taught in such institutions. Through the summer months he aided in the la- bors of the farm, becoming familiar with the work of cultivatiiig the fields and raising stock. When twenty-five years of age, realizing the ne- cessity and value of further education, he en- tered Eureka College in Woodford county, Illi- nois, where he remained for six months. He then turned his attention to farming, continuing ac- tively in that work until the fall of 1868. Mr. Bolin was married on the 22d of October, 1868, to Mrs. Harriet N. Bolin, a daughter of Nathan and Elizabeth Tucker, early settlers of Pike county, Illinois, but both are now deceased. Nathan Tucker died in 1847, and his wife, long surviving him, passed away at an advanced age in 1894. Their daughter first married Charles Colburn Bolin, now deceased. There was one child by that marriage, Caddie Colburn Bolin, who died in 1877, at the age of ten years. Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Bolin became the parents of six children : Estella B., Artie L., Charles E., Hat- tie, Jewel and Myrtie D. Bolin. Of the living Estella B. is now the wife of O. C. Hoover, and has three children, two of whom are living : Bede Bolin and Myrrell Bolin Hoover. Artie L., Charles E. and Myrtie D. Bolin are all at home with their parents. The year following his marriage Mr. Bolin re- moved to Milton, where he has since been engaged in the live-stock business, and is one of the most extensive and prominent dealers in this line in the county. He is now associated with his son, Charles E. Bolin, Jr., and their sales of cattle and swine bring a most gratifying financial return annually. In July, 1875, i" connection with W. E. Butler and L. J. Frank, Mr. Bolin established the Exchange Bank of Milton which was under the management of Mr. Butler until October, 1878, at which date Mr. Butler retired and Mr. Bolin succeeded him as manager, the business be- ing continued under the firm name of C. E. Bolin & Company until the death of Mr. Frank in Au- gust, 1898, since which time Mr. Bolin has been' sole owner and proprietor of the bank, which is a reliable financial concern, of much value to the community as well as a source of individual profit. As opportunity has offered Mr. Bolin has also made investment in real estate, until he is now the owner of about one thousand acres of rich and fertile land in Montezuma and Detroit townships. He is alert and enterprising, quickly notes a good business opportunity, and through his well directed efforts has worked his way upward to success. He is indeed a self-made man, owing his prosperity entirely to his own labors ; and his life record should serve as an inspiration and encouragement to others, showing what may be accomplished through personal effort guided by sound judment and supplemented by laud- able ambition. In community affairs he has been deeply and helpfully interested, and at various times through a period of ten years has served as a member of the board of super- visors. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party ; and he is a member of the Christian church, having served as one of the elders at Milton since 1872. He has probably at- tended and officiated at more funerals than any other man in the county. In an analyzation of his life record it will be seen that while he has pros- pered, his methods have ever been such as would bear close investigation and scrutiny. He has never taken advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen in any business transaction but through the legitimate channels of trade has won his prosperity, while at the same time his course has excited the admiration and won the respect of all who know him. AVILLIAM H. LEWIS. William H. Lewis, who since 1883 has resided upon his present farm of two hundred acres on section 5, Pleasant Vale township, was born on the 1st of June, 1836, in this township, his par- ents being John W. and Caroline (Ward) Lewis. MRS. WILI^IAM H. LEWIS WII.I.IAM H. LEWIS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 521 The father was born in Lincohi county, Mis- souri, and removed to Pike county, Illinois, when about eighteen years of age. The mother's birth occurred in the Empire state, and she came with her parents to Pike county at an early day, when deer were frequently seen in large numbers, when wolves made the nights hideous with their howl- ing, and when the Indians were still frequent visi- tors to this locality. John W. Lewis and Caro- line Ward were married in this county, and with one exception their children were all born here. In 1846 they went to Texas, where they remained until March, 1847, ^^d it was on their return journey that their youngest child, Abelleno D., was born in the Indian Territory. The other members of the family were : William H., of this review ; Ardelia, the widow of Green Baston, and a resident of Oklahoma ; Addison B., who resides in Macon City, Missouri ; and Mary F., deceased. The youngest member of the family, Abelleno D., is now a resident of California. From the time of his arrival in Pike county in the early '20s, John W. Lewis was a farmer in Pleasant Vale town- ship, securing a wild tract of land, which he trans- formed into richly cultivated fields, carefully con- ducting his farming interests in accordance with the most progressive methods of his day. In poli- tics he was a democrat, and his first presidential ballot was cast for Andrew Jackson. For some time he served as constable in this county, and in all matters of citizenship he manifested a public spirit and devotion to the general good which was above question. His death occurred in this county when he was sixty-four years of age, while his wife passed away in 1855, at the age of thirty- six years. Her brother, Hiram, carried the mail from Quincy to Atlas when there was only one house on all that road. Mrs. Frances (Smith) Ward, the maternal grandmother of our subject, came to Pike county with the Ross family in 1817. She was born in Saratoga county. New York, in 1796, and died when ninety-six years of a^e. Her father came to this county in 1816. It vvill thus be seen that Mr. Lewis is descended from early and worthy pioneer residents of this part of the state, and the representatives of the family have taken an active and helpful part in the development of a frontier region. 26 In the primitive log schoolhouse of early days William H. Lewis pursued his education, but his privileges in that direction were very meagre, as it was necessary that he provide for his own sup- port from early youth. He was a lad of but twelve years when he began working out by the month as a farm hand. Later he learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed for a time, and then re- sumed agricultural pursuits. He purchased his present farm in 1883 and is now the owner of two hundred acres of very rich land, of which one hundred and forty acres are under cultivation. His home is pleasantly and conveniently located about a mile north of New Canton, and here he carries on general agricultural pursuits and stock- raising. The farm is well improved with good buildings, is well fenced and is equipped with modern accessories, and the latest improved farm machinery. He is practical in all that he does and systematic in his work, and moreover, his busi- ness integrity stands as an unquestioned fact in his life record. On the 14th of February, 1858, Mr. Lewis was united in marriage to Miss Lucinda Gard, who was born two miles southwest of Barry, February 28, 1842, her parents being Cy renins and Nancy (Kidwell) Gard. Both were natives of Ohio, and at an early day they came to Pike county, settling in Barry township, where the father, who was a farmer by occupation, owned and improved two hundred and forty acres of land, being recognized as one of the leading agriculturists of his com- munity. In his family were twelve children : Dan- iel, deceased ; Charles, who is living in Pleasant Vale township ; Mrs. Lewis ; Jasper and Martha, both deceased ; Mary, a twin sister of Martha, and now a resident of New London, Missouri; Joel, who is living near Mexico, Missouri ; Pau- lina, deceased; Paulina, the second of the name, now residing in Nebraska ; Jane, who has passed away ; Henry, living in Pleasant Vale township ; and Nancy, who has departed this life. The fa- ther died June 24, 1875, and the mother's death occurred on the 28th of January, 1861. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have lost their only child, Alice, who was born March 8, i860, and died in August, 1865. Mr. Lewis manifested his loyalty to his coun- 522 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. try in the darkest hour of her history, for, in re- sponse to the call for troops to aid in the suppres- sion of the rebellion in the south, he enlisted in 1862 as a member of Company C, Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry. After serving for one year, however, he was discharged at Vicksburg on ac- count of physicial disability on the nth of June, 1863. He held membership in the Amos Moore post, No. 684, G. A. R., of New Canton. In his political views he was a republican, and for many years he served as school director, and has also been road commissioner. His life exemplifies the term, "dignity of labor." Starting out upon his own account when only twelve years of age, he has worked diligently and persistently year after year. There have been discouragements and ob- stacles in his path, but as he has overcome these by his determination and energy and by the care- ful husbanding of his resources he was at length enabled to purchase land for himself and began farming on his own account. As the years have gone by he has prospered and is to-day one of the substantial agriculturists of his community who has gained not onh^ a good farm property but also an honorable name. CHARLES M. INGALLS. Charles M. Ingalls, who since the 5th of March, 1901, has occupied the farm in New Salem town- ship which he now owns and operates, being very extensively engaged in general agricultural pur- suits and stock-raising, making a specialty of Cotswold sheep, was born in Perry township on the 20th of December, 1851, and was edu- cated in the Dexter school near his father's home. His parents were William M. and Rebecca (El- ledge) Ingalls, and are represented on another page of this work in connection with the sketch of D. W. Ingalls, a brother of our subject. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for Charles M. Ingalls in his boyhood days, for when not occu- pied with the duties of the schoolroom he was busy in the fields and thus gained a practical knowledge of the best method of farming. He continued in active work upon the old farm homestead until twenty-three years of age and then started out in life on his own account. The occupation to which he was reared he chose as a life work and after carrying on farming for three years he turned his attention to the butchering business, opening a meat market in Perry, where he conducted his trade for two years. He then returned to farming in Perry township, where he continued until 1883 and in the fall of that year he went to Hall county, Nebraska, where he pur- chased eighty acres of wild prairie land. Not a furrow had been turned or an improvement made upon the farm, but he commenced its cultivation and continued its improvement until the fall of 1890. In the autumn of 1884 he built a good house upon his farm and there lived for six years, during which time he placed his fields under a high state of cultivation and added many of the equipments and accessories of a model farm. In the year mentioned, however, he sold his property there and bought a quarter section of land in the same county. That tract was also wild and uncultivated and in the fall of 1891 he built another dwelling which he continued to occupy until the autumn of 1895. He then rented his land in Nebraska and returned to Perry, Pike county, Illinois, living in the town for a year. He then resumed farming, in which he continued for four years, when, having disposed of his property in Nebraska in February, 1900, he once more took up his abode in Perry, but in June of the same year he bought the farm upon which he now lives and located thereon on the 5th of March, 1901. Here he carries on general agri- cultural pursuits and also devotes considerable attention to stock-raising, having good grades of cattle, horses and hogs upon his place and in the year 1905 he added a fine drove of Cotswold sheep. On the 13th of February, 1879, Mr. Ingalls was married to Miss Anna R. Parks, who was born May 8, 1853, in New Salem township and is a daughter of JesseandMary Jane (Cochran) Parks. Her father, who was born in Clermont county. Ohio, in October, 1822, died at the age of fifty- two years. Her mother, whose birth occurred in Belmont county, Ohio, January 27, 1827, is MRS. FRANCES SMITH WARD CAME Tf) PIKK C()T-.\TV IN ISI7 MISS ALICE LEWIS DIKD, AGE FIVE YEARS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 525 still living. This worthy couple were married in Griggsville, Illinois, on the 7th of June, 1848, and they became the parents of eight children, all of whom yet survive, namely : Josephine, who was born March 24, 1849, '"''d is the wife of Eli Morgan, a resident of Carthage, Missouri ; Anna R., now Mrs. Ingalls ; William, who was born May 17, 1855, and married Rosa Johnson, their home being in Canada ; Elizabeth E., who was born September 10, 1857, and is the wife of Edward McGee, of Oklahoma ; Stephen D., who was born March 13, i860, and married Carrie Nickles, their home being in Barry; Emma E., born February 19, 1873; U. Franklin, of Mis- souri, who was born April 11, 1865, and married Anna Barnhart ; and John R., who was born August 23, 1868, and wedded Emma White. They reside in Lincoln, Illinois. It was in the year 1848 that Mr. Parks, father of Mrs. Ingalls, began farming in Griggsville township, which pursuit he continued until 1861 with a fair degree of success. The following year in response to the first call for three months' troops to aid in the suppression of the rebellion in the south, he enlisted in defense of the Union cause, becoming a member of Company F, Nine- ty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He served until the close of the war and his health was impaired by the hardships and exposure meted out to the soldier. Following his return there- fore he did not resume farming, but served as marshal of the village of Perry for four years, and his last days were passed in Ouincy, Illinois. He voted with the republican party, having firm faith in the ultimate triumph of its principles and he held membership in Perry lodge, I. O. 0. F. and in the Christian church. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ingalls have been born four children : Walter R., born March 9, 1880, married Nellie Herbster and is living in Mount Sterling; Daisy L., bom October 13, 1882, is the wife of Frank J. Stoner, a resident of Perry ; Nina C, born April 18, 1883, died September 2, 1900; Mary E. born June 26, 1886, is the wife of Webber Hill. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ingalls are members of the Pike County Mutual Insurance Company and he belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity, his membership being in Percival lodge. No. 428, at Perry. Since age gave him the right of fran- chise he has been a stalwart republican, always voting for the men who are pledged to support the principles of the party, yet never seeking or desiring office for himself. He has led a busy and useful life characterized by unfaltering dili- gence and his labors have been of a cliaracter that bring success . He is well known in the county where much of his life has been passed and is best liked wherever best known. SYLVESTER W. THOMPSON. .Sylvester W. Thompson, who followed farm- ing in Pike county but is now deceased, was born in Greene county, Illinois, September 29, 1846, his parents being William and Mary Ann (Brooks) Thompson. The father came with his family to Pike county in 1849, settling in Milton, where they lived for fifteen years, on the expira- tion of which period Mr. and Mrs. William Thompson removed to Kansas, spending their remaining days there. The father was a contrac- tor and builder, and throughout his life followed building operations. Sylvester W. Thompson was educated at Mil- ton, and after attaining his majority began farm- ing on his own account. He was reared to that occupation, early becoming familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil, caring for the crops and raising stock. After starting out in life upon an independent business career he rented land for a time and then purchased one hundred and sixty acres in Kansas. He later bought a quar- ter section additional, which his wife now owns. It was wild land ; and in addition to this he owned two lots in Arkansas City, Kansas, which are now in possession of his widow. In 1874 Mr. Thompson was united in marriage to Miss Lottie Allen, a native of Detroit township. Pike county, born February 23, 1853. She was a daughter of Francis and Sarah (Burlend) Al- len. Her father was born in Ireland in 1829, and came to America when twenty-one years of age, settling in Detroit township. Pike county. 526 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. The mother was born in England in 1828, and crossed the Atlantic with her parents, the family home being established in Detroit township in 183 1, so that Mrs. Thompson is descended from two of the worthy pioneer families of this part of the state. Her grandfather was John Allen, an honored early settler, who purchased four hun- dred acres of land near Bethel. It was wild and unimproved, and was largely covered with heavy timber, but he at once began to clear away the trees, letting in the sunlight upon fields which he plowed and planted, and which in course of time became very productive. In the midst of the forest he built a log cabin, which was later de- stroved by fire, and was then replaced by another log house. Pioneer conditions existed on every hand. Herds of wild deer were frequently seen, and the wolves were so numerous that he had to shut his sheep and hogs into pens in order to keep them from the ravages of the wild animals. He carried on farming on quite an extensive scale for those da)'s, and became one of the prosperous and prominent agriculturists of his community. He aided, too, in the earl)' pioneer development of this part of the state, and his efforts were of value in bringing about modern conditions of improvement and progress. In his family were eight children. He died in Detroit township at the venerable age of eighty-eight years, while his wife passed away at the advanced age of sev- enty-eight years. Francis Allen, father of Mrs. Thompson, spent the entire period of his manhood in Pike county, and engaged in farming in Detroit township, where he owned and operated two hundred and forty acres of land. He was a democrat in his political views ; and he and his wife were members of the Methodist church. They were people of genuine personal worth, esteemed for their manv good qualities, for he was reliable in business transactions, progressive in citizenship and loyal to the ties of home and friendship. Airs. Thompson was educated in the common schools of Pike county, and by her marriage be- came the mother of one son, Jesse Thompson, who was born March 12, 1881. After mastering the elementary branches of learning he continued his studies in the high school of Pittsfield and in Illinois College at Jacksonville from which he was graduated in 1902 as a member of a class of twenty-one. He was thus well equipped for life's practical and responsible duties ; and he is now operating the home farm, carrying on general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. The farm is pleasantly located and comprises a tract of rich and productive land of eighty-six and a half acres on section 35, Pittsfield township. It is only about a mile and three-quarters south of Pittsfield, and is very advantageously located. They also own twenty acres of land in Martins- burg township, and all of this property was left to Mrs. Thompson by her mother. Mr. Thomp- son was a member of the Modern Woodmen camp of Pittsfield and at his death left to his widow an insurance of two thousand dollars. He was en- ergetic and enterprising in his business affairs, and at all times was strictly straightforward in his dealings, so that he won not only a gratifying measure of success but also a good name, thus leaving to his family a priceless heritage, for as the Psalmist has said, 'A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches." He passed away April 18, 1894. Mrs. Thompson attends the Methodist church ; and she and her son still re- side upon the homestead farm. They have a wide and favorable acquaintance in the county; and Mrs. Thompson is one of the native daughters, having spent her entire life here. She repre- sents two of the prominent pioneer families of this section of the state who in the early da)rs were closely associated with early development and progress. JOHN R. WALKER. John R. Walker, well known as a breeder and raiser of fine sheep, was born in Griggsville town- ship. Pike county, in January, 1847, and is of English lineage. His father, Robert Walker, was born in England, and came alone from that country to America, when seventeen years of age, crossing the Atlantic in a sailing vessel, which dropped anchor in the harbor of New Orleans. He remained for ten years in the Crescent city and vicinity, rafting logs from up the river down PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 527 to New Orleans and employing a number of negroes, whom he secured b}^ buying their serv- ices from their masters. When a decade had passed he removed to Pike county, Illinois, and entered one hundred and sixty acres of land from the government northeast of Griggsville. Here he built a home and sent for his married sister, Mrs. Wilson, to join him. Beginning at once the work of developing and improving his property, he broke the wild prairie and cultivated his land. Later he sold the property to his sister and en- tered one hundred and sixty acres adjoining his original claim on the north. This was also wild and unimproved. He erected thereon another residence ; and he built the first barn with a cellar in the community. As a companion and help- mate for life's journey he chose a Miss Wade, and they became the parents of three children : Thomas, Elizabeth and Rebecca, all of whom are yet living. After a time he sold his second farm and bought two hundred acres of land south of Perry, on which a part of the village of Perry now stands, and after selling that property to William Ward he bought one hundred and forty- five acres of prairie land and eighty acres of tim- ber land. He owned at one time seven hundred and twenty acres of land ; and he was extensively engaged in breeding and raising hogs and horses, being a lover of fine animals. He retired from the farm in 1855, when he removed to Perry, where he spent his last years in honorable re- tirement from further labor. He never sought or desired public ofifice, but was a stanch repub- lican and a liberal and earnset supporter of the party. He cut from his land a Lincoln flagstaff and assisted in raising' it in Perry. In 1857 he joined the Christian church, of which he contin- ued a loyal member up to the time of his demise, which occurred in 1861, when he was in the six- ty-sixth year of his age. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Hannah Scott, was born in Ten- nessee, and died in 1874, in the sixty-fifth year of her age. They were married in Griggsville town- ship; and in their family were six children, of whom> two are living, John and James. The brothers were educated in the public schools; and when nineteen years of age, John R. Walker and his brother James began farming for themselves on one hundred and eighty acres of land. They continued in business together until 1873, when they dissolved partnership, each taking one hundred and sixty acres of land. Upon this tract John R. Walker has since carried on general agricultural pursuits, and in addition to his farm in Fairmount township he has one hun- dred and forty acres in Perry township. He and his brother brought to Pike county the first polled Angus cattle, and also engaged quite ex- tensively in breeding fine horses. Mr. Walker of this review sent to England for four Oxford Down sheep, and has since made a specialty of breeding, raising and selling registered sheep. He has also displayed his sheep at different fairs, where he has won a number of prizes ; and he is one of the stockholders of the Illinois Valley Fair Association. He is an excellent judge of fine stock, his judgment rarely, if ever, being at fault in determining the value of an animal ; and through his stock-raising interests he has done much to improve the grade of cattle, sheep and horses raised in this part of the state, thereby contributing to the general prosperity. On the 2ist of November, 1869, Mr. Walker was married to Miss Mary F. Barlow, who was born May 11, 1848, a daughter of Frank B. and Elizabeth (Walker) Barlow, both natives of Robinson county, Kentucky. They were mar- ried there, and with two children they came to Illinois, settling first near Farmington in Fulton county in 1847. There Mr. Barlow carried on general farming until i860, when he removed to Pike county, settling near Fish Hook, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits up to the time of his death. He passed away Novem- ber 26, 1862, and his wife died September 28, i860. They were the parents of seven children, of whom five are now living : Mrs. Martha J. Greenleaf, Mrs. Walker, Tabitha E., James A. and Margaret. Mr. and Mrs. Walker have four children : Nel- lie F., who was born September 16, 1870, and is the wife of Alec Chenoweth ; Robert L., who was born August i, 1872; Ila M., who was born April 5, 1875, and was married February 5, 1893, to Harvey Witham, her death occurring November II, 1898; and Charles A., born May 26, i^ 52^ PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Mr. Walker has served as supervisor of Fair- mount township for two terms, and was road commissioner for fifteen years, while his son Rob- ert has become his successor in that office. The father was also township treasurer for four years, and the son is now filling that position at the present time. Mr. Walker belongs to Perry lodge, No. 95, A. F. & A. M., having been identified with the craft since attaining his majority. He also belongs to Peny chapter, No. 165, R. A. M., and has been president of the Anti-Horse Thief Association. He always votes with the repub- lican party ; and he and his family are members of the Christian church. In matters of citizen- ship he is deeply interested, and any movement or plan for the public good receives his endorse- ment and co-operation. His business interests have been capably managed and his keen sagacity and unfaltering diligence have been resultant fac- tors in winning for him the confidence which he now enjoys. EDWIN W. BRISCOE. Edwin W. Briscoe, of Pleasant Hill, is a veteran of the great Civil war, in which he val- iantly fought for the old flag of the Union. He is a native son of Pike county, his birth having occurred in Martinsburg township, January 31, 1843. His father, Edward Briscoe, was a native of Kentucky, born in 1810. He came to Illinois when a young man in 1828, and was married in McDonough county to Miss Nancy Ann Hardin, a native of Kentucky. Later he became a resi- dent of Pike county, following the occupation of farming in Martinsburg township, where he reared his family and spent his last years, passing away on the 27th of August, 1855, when in the prime of life. In the family were three sons and a daughter: H. H. Briscoe, of Martinsburg; E. W., of this review; and Tom I. Briscoe, of Colo- rado. The daughter is Mrs. Margaret E. Ste- ward. Edwin W. Briscoe was reared in the county of his nativity and remained with his mother until twenty years of age. On the 8th of October, 1864, he responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting as a member of Company C, Ninety-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with, which regiment he went to the south. Not long afterward he was taken ill and was in the hos- pital at Memphis with measles. Later pneumonia set in, and he came near to death, but eventually he recovered and rejoined his regiment in April, 1865,- at Mobile, Alabama, continuing with the command until the succeeding autumn, when he was honorably discharged at New Orleans. He was a faithful soldier, always found at his post of duty save when ill in the hospital ; and he never wavered in his allegiance to the stars and stripes. Following his return to the north, Mr. Briscoe engaged in work by the month as a farm hand for several years. In 1869 he went to southwest- ern Missouri, where he operated a farm, and in 1870 he removed to Kansas, where he followed the same pursuit. He was married in the Sun- flower state on the 21st of May, 1874, to Miss Clementine Beasley, a native of Marion county, Illinois, and a daughter of Wesley and Rachel Beasley, the former a native of North Carolina, and the latter of Tennessee. Following their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Briscoe located in Greene county, Missouri, where they remained for a year and then removed to Chautauqua county, where they resided until 1880. In that year they went to Eureka Springs, Arkansas, for the benefit of Mr. Briscoe's health, continuing at that point for four years, after which they returned to Spring- field, Missouri, where for six years and seven months he was employed in the railroad shops of the Frisco Company. On the expiration of that period he again came to Pike county, Illinois, settling at Pleasant Hill, where he purchased a lot and built a residence. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Briscoe have been born three children : Maude, who is a proficient nurse and resides in St. Louis, Missouri ; Daisy, the wife of William Cragmiles, of Pleasant Hill, by whom she has three children, Maudie, Claudia and Lawrence. Mr. and Mrs. Briscoe also lost a son, Claude, who died at the age of twelve years. In his political views Mr. Briscoe is a republican, having given stalwart support to the party since casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1864, while on a furlough PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 529 home. He and his wife and daughters are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church; and he belongs to the Grand Army post. He takes a deep interest in church work, and also in the fra- ternal organization with which he is connected and is an esteemed representative of both. His good qualities of heart and mind have won him the respect of those with whom he has come in contact, and he enjoys in large measure the warm esteem of manv friends. WILLIAM S. BARKLEY. William S. Barkley, deceased, was well known in agricultural circles in Pike county for many years. The broad prairies of Illinois have offered splendid opportunities to the farmer and stock- raiser, and many fortunes have been won through the cultivation of the soil or through pasturing large herds upon the rich meadow lands of Illi- nois. Mr. Barkley is among the number who in this line of activity have won success. He was a native of Ross county, Ohio, born on the 4th of July, 1842, and his parents were Henry J. and Mary (Snyder) Barkley, both of whom were natives of Ohio. The father was born in 1816 and the mother October 29, 1812. They became residents of Pike county in 1850, at which time their son William was but a small lad. Their first home was about two miles north of Barry, and later they removed to a farm two and a half miles northeast of Barry, where they lived for about forty years, being well known as early and representative citizens of the community. When four decades had passed they left Illinois and went to Bentonville, Arkansas, where the father lived retired until his death, which occurred Janu- ary 27, 1892, when he was in his seventy-seventh year. His widow survived him for about nine years, passing away on the 7th of February, 1901. He was a stone-cutter by trade, but after coming to Illinois turned his attention to agricultural pur- suits, and at the time of his death was the owner of three hundred acres of rich and valuable land in Pike county. While living in this county he .successfully and extensively engaged in stock- raising, making a specialty of shorthorn Durham cattk and Poland China hogs. Politically he was a stanch republican; and served as school di- rector for many years, and was also supervisor of his townsliip. Both he and his wife were de- voted members of the Baptist church. In their family were four children, but only two are now living : Margaret and Sarah L., the latter the wife of Samuel Schwab, a resident of Windsor, Missouri. William S. Barkley was educated in the com- mon schools, and at the age of twenty years he enlisted for service in the Union army, becoming a member of Company D, Ninty-i;inth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, on the 5th of August, 1862, to serve for three years, or during the war. He was mustered out July 31, 1865, after active field service, in which he took part in many im- portant engagements that led up to the final tri- umph of the Union arms. When the war was over he returned to his home and gave his attention to fanning and stock-raising, — the pursuits to which he had been reared, — so that he had a practical knowledge of the best methods of carrying on both branches of the business. He also dealt in stock as a buyer and shipper, and his careful control of his business affairs led to very gratify- ing success. On the loth of October, 1867, Mr. Barkley was united in marriage to Miss Martha J. Doran, who was born in Quincy, Illinois, March 27, 1849, ^'^'^ ^s 3. daughter of James and Jane (Moore) Doran. The father's birth occurred in Waynesville, Ohio, March 3, 1812, and the mother was born in Waynesville, September 10, 181 5. They came to Adams county, Illinois, in 1846, settling in Quincy, where they lived for four years, and then removed to Pike county in 1850. The father was a tanner by trade, follow- ing that pursuit in his early life ; and on coming to Illinois, turned his attention to agricultural interests. He lived on the Blanchard farm, now included within the corporation limits of the city of Quincy. At one time he owned about four hundred acres of valuable Pike county land ; and he made many improvements upon his property, which was a tract of prairie, arable and produc- tive. He placed his fields under a very high state 530' PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of cultivation ; and he built upon his farm a good residence. He made a specialty of the breeding and raising of faiic)' horses, which he exhibited at many fairs, winning various premiums on his fine stock. TTis political allegiance was given to the republican party, and for many years he served as school director, the cause of education finding in him a warm friend by reason of the able work which he did for the schools. He died upon the old homestead farm on the 31st of May, 1863. His widow, a Baptist when she died, long survived him, and departed this life March 28, 1903. In their family were nine children, of whom five are now living : Milton, who married Jane AVoosley, and resides a mile and a half northeast of Barry ; Mary A., the wife of Hiram B. Sperry, who is living in Nokomis, Illinois ; Theodore, a resident of Barry ; James M. ; and Mrs. Barkley. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Barkley was blessed with two children. Roy D., born July 24, 1868, was educated in the public schools and in the Gem City Business College at Ouincy. He is now living upon the old homestead which was owned by his grandfather and comprises four dred and eighty acres of fine land. He is now farming three hundred and thirty acres ; and he also engages in stock-raising, having from forty to fifty head of cattle upon his place at the pres- ent time. He is now, however, making arrange- ments preparatory to removing to Scott county, Kansas, where he owns eight hundred acres of ex- cellent land. He has recently returned from that farm, where he built a barn. He expects to move to the Sunflower state in March, 1906. He was married November 2, 1892, to Miss Allie Beadle, who was born in Pike county, July I, 1872, and is a daughter of William and Lucy Beadle, both of whom are natives of Virginia. In their family are five children: Lillian P., Isla M., Harry W., Letha I., and Ross R. Maggie M. Barkley, the second member of the family, was born May 23, 1872, and was married May 13, 1900, to Frank M, Beard. They reside four miles north of Barry. In politics Mr. Barkley was an earnest repub- lican, and took a deep and active interest in the work of his party. He served as justice of the peace and assessor, and was a member of the school board for twenty years or more. He be- longed to Hope lodge, No. 55, A. O. U. W., of Barry, and was a member of John McTucker post. No. 154, G. A. R., and when the Ninety-ninth Illinois Regiment held its annual reunion in 1905 he served as president on that occasion. Not long afterward, on the 14th of April, 1905, he was called to his final rest, responding to the last roll call that indicates that the warfare of life is over. He was a member of the Baptist church; and gave a willing hand to all public interests, and to the assistance of his friends. His nature was kindly and generous, and the poor and needy never appealed to him in vain. He stood for all that is upright and just in man's relations with his fellowm.en, and was a believer in the true, the good and the beautiful ; and through his genial nature and generous disposition he shed around him much of the sunshine of life. Mrs. Barkley now resides in Barr\^ and is a most estimable lady, who has an extensive circle of friends. She owns three hundred and thirty acres of land in Hadky township. JUDGE N. B. WILLIAMS. Judge N. B. Williams, who died on the 9th of February, i8g6, was one of the prominent business men and merchants of Pike county, having for more than fortv years been actively connected with commercial interests of Pleasant Hill. He settled there at an earlv dav and con- tributed in large measure to general progress and prosperity in his home locality. He was, born in North Carolina on the 12th of August. 1832. His father was Harvey Williams, who re- moved to Tennessee with the familv, and it was there that N. B. Williams was reared. In 1851 he became a resident of Missouri, settling in Newton covmty, and on the 13th of June of that year he was married there to Miss Seenev Rich- ards, who was born in North Carolina, but was reared in Tennessee. Her father, Valentine Richards, was a native of the former state and, having arrived at vears of maturity, was mar- ried there to Elizabeth Clifford, who was born in North Carolina, where her girlhood days were N. B, WILLIAMS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 533 passed. They remained residents of that state until after the birth of four or five of their chil- dren, at which time they removed to Missouri, settling in Newton county, where they remained for six years, and then went to Clarksville, Pike county, Missouri, where Mr, Richards contin- ued to reside up to the time of his death, which occurred during" the period of the Civil war. He had survived his wife for several years. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom four sons and two daughters reached adult age, but the only ones now living are Mrs. Williams and her brother, Samuel V. Richards, who is now living a retired life in Ouincy, Illinois. Following his marriage Judge Williams worked at the cabinetmaker's and carpenter's trades, being thus engaged for some years. In i860 he came to Pleasant Hill, where he began "blacksmithing, carrying on a shop for a few years, while subsequently he engaged in the hardware and undertaking business. He then conducted his store up to the time of his death, carrying a well selected line of goods and enjoy- ing a liberal patronage. He was strictly honor- ■able in all his business dealings and his methods were such as might well serve as a source of emulation, leading both to success and the ac- quirement of an honored name. He never made engagements that he did not meet nor incurred obligations that he did not fulfill, and he thus commanded the unqualified confidence of all with whom he was associated. He built a busi- ness house and also several residences in Pleas- ant Hill and thus contributed to the improve- ment of this village as well as to the promotion -of its commercial activity. Both Mr. and Mrs. Williams held member- ship in the Methodist Episcopal church and he served in several church offices, but he would "hold no positions of political preferment, giving his time and attention to his business affairs, the enjoyment of his home and to his church duties. He was well known in both Pike and Calhoun counties and his many sterling traits of charac- ter endeared him to those with whom he was as- sociated. His connection with business affairs in Pleasant Hill covered a long period and throughout the entire time he sustained an unas- sailable reputation. Men admired him because of his success, respected him because of his fidel- ity to duty and gave him their friendship because of his kindly genial nature and freedom from ostentation or display. Mrs. Williams still sur- vives her husband and resides at the old home- stead, being now a well preserved lady of sev- enty-two years. She is well known and has a host of warm friends in Pleasant Hill. SAMUEL B. PEACOCK, M. D. Samuel B. Peacock, physician and surgeon of Baylis, whose skill and ability have gained him more than local reputation, having become quite well known through his contributions to medical journals, was born in Adams county, Illinois, April 14, 1866, and is a son of S. J. and Elizabeth A. (France) Peacock. The father was born in Davidson county, North Carolina, in 1827, and the mother's birth occurred in New Wheeling, Virginia, in 1832. It was in the year 1851 that S. J. Peacock became a resident of Brown county, Illinois, whence he afterward removed to Adams county, where he has since lived. He is a farmer, owning and operating one hundred and sixty acres of land which constitutes a well improved and highly cultivated property. His political al- legiance is given to the democracy and for twenty- four years he was justice of the peace, his long continued service indicating that his decisions were strictly fair and impartial. He held various other offices, such as assessor and collector and as a private citizen he has done valuable service for the community in the line of general progress His wife is a member of the Methodist church. In their family were ten children, of whom seven are now living. Dr. Peacock, like the other mem- bers of the household, attended the common schools in his boyhood days and he prepared for the practice of medicine as a student in Keokuk Medical College, at Keokuk, Iowa, from which he was graduated at the age of twenty-nine years, on the 3d of March, 1896, as a member of a class of forty-eight. He practiced medicine for two jrears with Dr. R. J. McConnell and in 1898 534 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. pursued a post-graduate course in Chicago on surgery and the diseases of women. In 1902 he again went to Chicago, where he pursued a gen- eral course called the special course of practice. His attention is now given to his professional duties and he practices along modern scientific lines. He is a close and earnest student and is quick to ■ adopt new and modern methods, not, however, supplanting the old and time-tried meth- ods of practice but supplementing them instead. He is well known as a contributor to several med- ical journals. On the 8th of July, 1903, Dr. Peacock was married to Miss Frances Miller, who was born in Baylis, April 7, 1877, and is a daughter of David and Elizabeth (Carnes) Miller. Her father was born in Pike county, Illinois, in 1839, and was a son of Thomas and Nancy Miller, early settlers of Pike county, having come to Illinois from Pennsylvania in pioneer days. In 1863 Mr. Mil- ler wedded Elizabeth Carnes, who was born in 1846. He is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal church, while his wife is a member of the United Brethren church. In their family are three children who yet survive. Dr. Peacock is a democrat and was elected su- pervisor of New Salem township in April, 1904. so that he is the present incumbent in the office. He belongs to Baylis lodge. No. 834, I. O. O. F. ; to New Salem lodge, No. 218, A. F. & A. M.: the Modern Woodmen camp ; the Pike County Mutual Association, and the Mutual Protective League. He keeps six horses and vehicles in order that he ma)' at any time respond quickly to the call of those in need of professional service and he is recognized as one of the prominent young men as well as successful practitioners o^ Pike county. JOSHUA T. INGRAM. Joshua T. Ingram, a representative farmer of Perry township, was born May 25, 1849, i" the township where he now makes his home, and is a son of Isom L. and Perlina (Rusk) Ingram, na- tives of Tennessee and Illinois respectively. The father was born June 12, 1822, and the mother June 15, 1825; and they were married in Ver- sailles, this state. ^ The paternel grandparents were Joshua P. and Susanna (Lenox) Ingram, and the family is believed to be of Scotch-Irish lineage. The great-grandfather, John Ingram, was born in Ireland, and in his early childhood accompanied his parents on their enjigration to Tennessee, where he was reared. He wedded Rachel Blanton, who was of Irish parentage, and her birth probably occurred on the Emerald Isle. In 1833 John Ingram came with his family tO' Pike county and secured government land. He afterward improved two or three farms and be- came recognized as one of the leading and en- terprising agriculturists of his day. He lived to an advanced age, gave his political support to the democracy ; and both he and his wife en- dorsed the Methodist faith. Their family num- bered seven sons, who reached adult age and reared families in Illinois. This number included Joshua P. Ingram, grandfather of our subject, who was born in Tennessee, January 26, 1802. He married Susanna Lenox, whose birth occurred in Tennessee, November 7, 1800, and who died De- cember 7, 1858. The marriage was celebrated April 13, 1821, and they had one son, Isom L. Following the death of his first wife, Joshua P. Ingram was married to Marinda Nunn, whose death occurred January 15, 1879, while he passed away on the 31st of March of the same year. Their only daughter is deceased. Isom L. Ingram came to Illinois with his par- ents when eleven years of age, the journey being made after the primitive manner of the times, in a two-wheeled cart drawn by a yoke of oxen with a horse in the lead. The grandparents brought with them all of their earthly possessions and be- gan life in an almost unbroken wilderness, shar- ing in various hardships and privations incident to the settlement of the frontier. Isom L. Ingram being an only son, inherited the home property, upon which he remained throughout the greater part of his life with the exception of a brief period of three years spent in Brown county. His- original home in Pike county was a log cabin; and he assisted in the arduous task of clearing away the timber and developing the fields. He also attended the early subscription schools of the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 535 county, and after his marriage he began farming on his own account on forty acres of land in Brown county, which he purchased, and on which he built a log cabin. Later, however, he returned to section 2, Perry township, whereon he spent his remaining days, devoting his energies to general farming and to raising graded cattle, hogs and horses. He also worked at the cooper's trade for a number of years, having mastered that business when a boy, tmder the direction of Buck Johns. He likewise followed carpentering to some extent and built the house in which his last years were passed. He served as road com- missioner, as school director and as trustee, oc- cupying the last named position for many years. The marriage of Isom L. Ingram and Perlina Rusk was celebrated October 25, 1843. She was one of a family of five sons and five daughters born unto John and Nanc}^ (Swegett) Rusk, who were natives of Kentucky, and subsequent to their marriage, which occurred in that state, they came to Illinois in 1820, settling in Morgan county. For twenty years they resided there, and then took up their abode on a farm in Brown county, where Mr. Rusk died October 8, 1844, at the age of fifty-three years. His widow afterward lived with her children, and died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Ingram, in 1866, when more than four score years of age. Like her husband, she . was an earnest member of the Methodist Episco- pal church. Mr. and Mrs. Isom Ingram had a family of nine children : Isaac N., born January 28, 1845, married Ellen Ledgett. Susan, born May 8, 1846, is the wife of James York. Joshua T. is the next of the family. Benjamin F. bom December 22, 1850, married Henrietta Hannah. Nancy A., born May 9, 1853, is the wife of George Walling. Martha J., born July 23, 1855, is the wife of Alexander Collter. Henry W., born June 27, 1857, follows farming. Louisa, born April g, 1862, died July 23, 1878. Marinda Ella, born August 22, 1867, is the wife of Gary Harelson. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for Joshua T. In- gram in his boyhood days. He was reared upon the old homestead farm in Perry township which his grandfather had entered from the government. When nineteen years of age he started upon an independent business career by operating a por- tion of the James Johns farm. In February, 1905, he removed to his present farm in Perry town- ship, and here he is carrying on general agricul- tural pursuits in an energetic and successful manner. He has been married twice. On the 2d of No- vember, 1868, he wedded Miss Sarah E. Ban- ning, who was bom February 12, 1848, and died December 14, 1872. They were the parents of four children : Stephen A. who was born Sep- tember I, 1869, and died at the age of twenty years, five months and eleven days ; Lizzie C. and Lillie E., twins, born March 31, 1875, and both are now deceased; and Addie, who was bom July 29, 1872, and died in infancy. For his sec- ond wife Mr. Ingram chose Rhoda Banning, a sister of his first wife. She was born in Cham- bersburg township, March 25,1846, and they were married July 31, 1873. Her parents were Stephen and Elizabeth D. (Rigg) Banning, the former bom in Ohio, May 15, 18 14, and the latter in Kentucky, November 16, 1821. Their marriage occurred in Chambersburg township, December 19, 1838. Mr. Banning lost his parents when a young child, and later came to Illinois. Fol- lowing his marriage he located a mile and a half west of Chambersburg on eighty acres of timber land, and he and his bride carried their wedding effects to a new log cabin. A bedstead was made by boring holes in the logs in a corner of a room and inserting poles into these, and resting the other end upon posts. Mr. Banning made three log stools for chairs and a box served for a table. There was a big open fireplace, and the young couple began their domestic life in the usual manner of the pioneer settler. In 1869 they re- moved from their original farm to Perry town- ship, settling on one hundred and sixty acres of land ; and Mr. Banning improved his house, and cultivated his farm. In early days he also worked at coopering, but his later years were devoted entirely to agricultural pursuits. He was for a long period a devoted and faithful member of the Christian church ; and his political support was given to the democracy. He died March 8, 1888, having long survived his wife, who passed 536 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. awav Ma)' lo, i860. In their family were nine children : Z. R., who was Ijorn September 18, 1839,, died on the 21st of December of the same year. Martha A., born January 14, 1841, died July 3, 1871. Nancy J.; 'born April 24, 1843, is the wife of T. B. Dunn, of Perry township. Mrs, Ingram is the next of the family. Sarah was the tirst wife of Mr. Ingram. Thomas L., born August 25, 1850, died August 8, 185 1. Ara- helle D., born May 28, 1852, died October 9, 1870. Isadore C. born September 27, 1854, died March 20, 1857. Octavia O., born October 7, 1857, is the wife of George Piper, of Kansas, and lias four children. Mr. Ingram exercises his franchise right in support of the democracy. He has served as school director for one term, but has cared for no public office, preferring to give his undivided at- tention to his business pursuits, in which he is meeting with signal success. He belongs to the Modern Woodmen camp and the Knights of Pythias fraternity. His entire life has been passed in this county and he has carried forward the work which was instituted by his grandfather and continued by his father. The name of In- gram has been associated with the development and agricultural progress of Pike county from pioneer times, and has ever stood as a synonym for integrity in business and worth in citizenship. ISAAC N. AVINAXS. Isaac N. Winans, a representative of agricul- tural interests, was born in Pittsfield township on the 25th of Febrnar)-, 1858, and was a son of Isaac and Sarah (Webster) Winans. The fam- ily, originally spelling the name Winans, is de- scended from the ancient Holland nobility, trac- ing the ancestry back to the sixteenth centurv. Wearied by the oppressions and desirous of es- caping religious persecutions of that age and being of an independent and liberal character, John Winans dcj^arted for America in 1630. In 1664, with other "associates," as pioneers were called in those days, he bought from the Indians the land between the Raritan and Passaic rivers in New Jersey, a tract seventeen miles wide and thirty-four miles long. He married Susanna Melyn, a daughter of Cornelius Melyn, a patroon of Staten Island. Their children were Samuel, Johannes, Conradus, Jacob, Isaac, Elizabeth and Johanna. Isaac Winans was born in 1685 '^'^d died in 1723. To him and his wife Hannah were born Hannah, Phebe, Isaac, Abraham, William and Elias. Isaac Winans (2d), born in 1710, died in 1780, his death being caused from cruelties while con- fined as a prisoner in the sugar house in New York, where he had been placed because of his loyalty to the colonies. To him and his wife Magdaline were born Sarah, Moses, Mathias, Abigal, Margaret, Jane, Susanna and Elizabeth, and of these Isaac, Moses and Mathias served in the Colonial army during the Revolutionarv war. Moses Winans, born November 9, 1755, died January 28, 1822. He married Ruth Wood, who was born August 5, 1758, and died January 26, 1817. Their children were: Isaac, who was born January 6, 1780, and died May 26, 1846; Sarah, who was born December 7, 1781, and died May 20, 1848; Deborah, who was born May 29, 1784, and died April 29, 1817: Magdaline, who was born March 8, 1787, and died February 10, 1796; Moses, who was born December 7, 1789, and died April 30, 1823 ; Meline, who was born Oc- tober 27, 1793, and died November 17, 1859; Magdaline, who was born March 12, 1798, and died March 31, 1851 ; and Jonas Wood, who was born January 19, 1802. The last named, Jonas Wood Winans, was married December 20, 1827, to Sarah Stiles, wrho was born Julv 23, 1806, and died Jan- uary 8, 1858, while his death occurred Octo- ber I, 1878. Her grandfather, Jacob Crane, was a colonel in the Revolutionary war and his wife, Phebe Crane, had six brothers, all of whom served during the Revolutionary war, including William, wdio attained the rank of general. Two of the number were killed in service. The chil- dren of Jonas and Sarah (Stiles) Winans are: Isaac ; Ebenezer, who was born May 5, 1830, and married Margaret B. Rose, October 29, 1857; Maline, who was born February 15, 1833, and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 537 died January 12, 1845; William Parkhurst, who was born January 28, 1836, and was married October 6, 1869, to Lida Moore, who died De- cember 4, 1876, after which he was married No- vember 20, 1879, to Christie McRac ; Sarah Jane, who was born July 7, 1838, and on the 30th of November, 1866, became the wife of Augustus Dow, while her death occurred May 17, 1870; Jonas Wood, who was born November 11, 1840, and married Alice E. Jones, September 13, 1876, his death occurring September 2, 1899; Elizabeth Magdaline, who was born June 3, 1843, ^"^ on the 26th of May, 1868, became the wife of Wil- liam A. Hubbard, who died March 21, 1895; Mary Stiles, who was born January 23, 1846, and on the 31st of January, 1877, became the wife of Dories Bates, who died August 15, 1880, while on the 25th of February, 1896, she became the wife of Augustus Dow. Isaac Winans, son of Jonas W. and Sarah (Stiles) Winans, was born October 20, 1828, in Essex, now Union county. New Jersey, and was married December 20. 1805, and with his father's family came to Pike county in 1846, settling south of Pittsfield, where Mrs. Sarah Winans departed this life. Jonas Winans, however, sur- vived for about twenty years. It was on the 20th of December, 185 1, that Isaac Winans was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Webster, a native of Massachusetts, and thev became the parents of eight children. The father was the owner of about four hundred acres of valuable land in Pike county and was numbered among its most enter- prising, energetic and capable agriculturists, so managing his business affairs as to win therefrom a handsome competence. He gave his political support to the republican party and throughout the community was held in high esteem. In the year 1901 he and his wife reinoved to Walla Walla, Washington, where they now reside. In their family were eight children, of whom six are living, three being residents of this county, namely : Isaac N. ; William Winans, who makes his home near Summer Hill, Illinois ; and Emma, who is the wife of Marshall Hoskins and resides in Derry township. Isaac N. Winans was educated in the common schools and thus became well equipped for teach- ing, which profession he followed for two terms. In the periods of vacation he had worked upon the home farm and after 1881 he concentrated his entire time, energies and attention to general agricultural pursuits, operating the farm upon which he now resides. When his labors had brought to him sufficient capital he made pur- chase of the place, becoming owner in 1892, and in 1900 he further extended the boundaries of his property by the purchase of an additional tract of fifty-five acres. In his farm work he is progressive, practical and methodical. He now owns one hundred and si.xtv acres of good land and has made all of the improvements upon this place. He has a comfortable residence, splendid barns and sheds for the shelter of grain, farm machiner)- and stock. He raises the cereals best adapted to soil and climate and also gives consid- erable attention to stock-raising, having now upon his place fifty head of cattle, seventy head of hogs and several horses. ' Mr. Winans was married in 1882 to Miss Isa- dore Wills, of Pittsfield, who resided in the same school district as her husband, they being play- mates in childhood. She was born in 1861, a daughter of Robert and Mary (Jester) Wills, further mention of whom is made in connection with the sketch of W. R. Wills on another page of this work, Mr. Wills- being a brother of Mrs. Winans. Unto our subject and his wife have been born three children : Fay, who was born in 1884 and is now aiding in the operation of the home farm ; Ada, born in 1890 ; and Fred, on the 27th of December, 1893. In his political views Mr. Winans is a republi- can and keeps in touch with the questions and issues which divide the two great parties. He has served as school director of his district but otherwise has held no office, as he does not seek political preferment as a reward for party fealty. He is a member of the Masonic lodge. No. 453, of New Hartford, having attained the Master degree, and he also belongs to the Modern Wood- men camp. No. 532, of Pittsfield. He is in hearty sympathy with the teachings and tenets of these organizations, and he and his wife are devoted members of the Christian church. Mr. Winans is truly a self-made man, having made every cent 538 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. which he possesses, and his life record proves what may be accomplished through determined and earnest effort. Pie has worked persistently and diligently as the years have gone by and his labors have made him one of the substantial resi- dents of Pittsfield township. Moreover his busi- ness methods are such as neither seek nor require disguise, for he has been straightforward in all his dealings, purposeful and reliable, and is now one of the prominent and valued farmers of the county. BELA S. WRIGHT. Bela S. Wright, a farmer residing in Hadley township, was born in Barry township. Pike county, on the 21st of March, 1847, his parents being Abiah and Catherine (Fisher) Wright. The father, who was born November i, 1809, came to Pike county. Illinois, from Ohio about 1846 and located in Barry township. He made the journey in the primitive manner of the times, driving overland with a team. He was a stone mason by trade and followed that pursuit in this locality, while his sons attended to the active work of the farm, for when his earnings had brought him sufficient capital he made investment in real estate. For a time he leased land but as soon as possible made purchase of his farm. In politics he was a whig in his early political alle- giance and on the dissolution of the party he joined the ranks of the new republican party. In early manhood he wedded Miss Catherine Fisher, who was indeed a faithful companion and helpmate on life's journey. Both were de- voted members of the United Brethren church. Mr. Wright lived to the advanced age of seventy- five years, passing away on the 13th of March, 1884, while his wife, who was born in Ohio, March 24, 1813, died December 30, 1896, at the ripe old age of eighty-three years. In their fam- ily were ten children; Joe and Robert, both de- ceased ; James, who is now living in Pittsburg, Kansas; Bela S., of this review; John and Alex- ander, residents of Kansas ; Edwin and Eliza Jane, both deceased ; Barbara, who is the widow of Ed Bowers and lives in Barrv ; and Marv, who has also passed away. Three of the sons were soldiers of the Civil war, James of Company F, One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, while Rob served in the Tenth Illi- nois Cavalry and Joe as a member of the Ninety- ninth Illinois Regiment. The last named died while defending the Union cause. Bela S. Wright was educated in the public schools of Pike county and remained at home un- til twenty-one years of age, assisting in the labors of the farm from the time of early spring plant- ing until crops were harvested in the late au- tumn. On attaining his majority he went to Kansas, where he farmed with his brother-in- law for a time, while later he began working by the month as a farm hand. He was thus em- ployed for a year and a half, after which he went to the Indian Territory, where he spent one year. On the expiration of that period he returned home and soon afterward purchased seventy acres of land near his father's farm, but event- ually he sold that property in 1892 and bought one hundred and forty-seven acres where he now resides, the place being pleasantly and conve- niently located about a mile and a half east of Barry in Hadley township. Here he carries on general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. His farm is well improved and fenced and the buildings are in good repair. On the 15th of September, 1878, Mr. Wright was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane Met- calf, who was born in Barry township, March 21, 1847. She was reared in the same neighbor- hood as her husband and they were school-mates in early life. Her parents were Chauncey A. and Sarah M. (Leggett) Metcalf. The father was born in New Hampshire, August 18, 1813. and the mother's birth occurred in Ohio, March 0, 1818. In 1837 he came to Pike county and for many years lived in Barry, where he followed the wagonmaker's trade, conducting for a long period a shop of his own. In November, 1838, Sarah M. Leggett arrived in Pike county and they were married on the 31st of March, 1842. In 1857 they removed to a farm, Mr. Metcalf be- coming the owner of one hundred and two acres of land, which he tilled and cultivated, bringing it up to a high state of productiveness. In the PAST AND PRESEXT OP PIKE COUNTY. 539 family of this worthy couple were eight children, of whom the following reached years of matu- rity and are now living, namely : Mrs. Rose Smith, who resides in Polk county, Arkansas ; Mary Jane; Bela S. ; Mrs. Zoa Coleman, who resides at Oceanside, California; Mrs. Sadie Hol- man, living at Riverside, California; and George W. Metcalf, whose home is in Barry township. The father died May 15, 1898, and the mother's death occurred on the 17th of August, 1883. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wright have been born four children, of whom two are now living. Sarah E., born August 28, 1879, became the wife of William decker and died November 19, 1903, leaving one child, Jennie E., who was born in San Juan county. New Mexico, August 26, 1903, and is now being reared by her grandparents. Chauncey A., born March 16, 1882, and now liv- ing near his father, married Orpha Dunham and they have one child, Dallas. Lester A., born March i, 1885, died December 26, 1904. George A., born December 3, 1887, is living at home. The parents are members of the Methodist church at Barry and Mr. Wright has been connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for many years. He and his wife are social genial people, whose friendly spirit is man- ifest in their generous hospitality. Mr. Wright has never joined in any wild search for wealth, but is now comfortably situated, content to pro- vide his family with a good living and have leis- ure time for the enjoyment of some of the pleas- ures of life. WILLIAM H. GARRISON. M. D., Ph. G. The name of Garrison has long been found on the roll of the representatives of the medical fraternity in Pike county, and in the practice of his chosen profession Dr. Garrison of this re- view has made an excellent reputation that has been the means of securing to him a liberal pat- ronage. He was born January 23, 1869, in Har- din township. Pike countv. a son of Dr. George B. and Sarah (Cox) Garrison. The father is one of Pike county's pioneer physicians, but has now retired from the active practice of medicine. turning his business over to his son. He was born in Dearborn county, Indiana, August 5, 1839. Among his ancestors in both the paternal and maternal line were soldiers of the Revolutionary war. Dr. George B. Garrison was reared to the occupation of farming and was educated in the common schools. For twelve years he engaged in teaching school in Pike county and has ever been a warm friend of the cause of education. While engaged in teaching he read medicine and attended lectures at the Bennett Medical College in Chicago, Illinois. He also attended the Amer- ican College at St. Louis and following his grad- uation from the college he entered at once upon the active practice of medicine. He has resided in the village of Pearl since 1884 a-^d for many years he enjoyed an extensive practice, but is now retired. He is an active Mason and is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, his life having been actuated by the be- neficent principles of the former and the teach- ings of the latter. On the 7th of February, 1864, he was married to Miss Sarah Cox and un- to this union were born three children, of whom William H. of this review is the eldest. The wife and mother died June 21, 1876, and Dr. Garri- son afterward wedded Lucinda Forkner, by whom he had four children. Dr. Garrison is a very strong temperance man and does all in his power to uplift humanity and inculcate honor- able principles among his fellowmen. He com- mands the unqualified respect and trust of all with whom he has been associated and is one of the honored and prominent residents of Pike county. His son. Dr. William H. Garrison, acquired his preliminary education in the country schools and afterward attended the graded schools of Pearl. At the age of seventeen years he entered the State Normal high school at Normal, Illi- nois, where he remained as a student for two vears. He then engaged in teaching for one year in Montezuma township, but prior to that time he had assisted Dr. C. E. Thurmon, who \yas conducting a drug store in Pearl. In 1890 he entered the Chicago College of Pharmacy, in which he completed a course, after which he returned to Pearl and bought the drug: business 540 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of Dr. Thurmon. In 1891 he again went to Chi- cago, where he completed his course in phar- macy in the Chicago College of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated with the class of 1891. During his senior year in college he served as assistant to the chair of pharmacy and also spent his evenings as a clerk in a Chicago drug store, the salary received from these two positions en- abling him to meet the expenses of his collegiate course. Following his graduation he returned to Pearl and continued in the drug business until 1894, when he entered the Marion Sims Medical College at St. Louis, Missouri, where he pursued a course of lectures. He next en- tered the Missouri Medical College, now the de- partment of medicine of Washington University at St. Louis, Missouri, from which he was grad- uated with honors in the class of 1897 with the degree of M. D. Fie won the first prize in chem- istry, also special honors in surgery and received honorable mention for his general excellence in all the branches of medical science. Returning to Pearl he has since actively eng-aged in the practice of his profession and he still retains an interest in the drug store with his brother, H. D. Garrison, this being one of the best and most up-to-date drug stores of any in the smaller cities of Illinois. Dr. Garrison's practice is not confined to Pearl and vicinity, but extends also to Calhoun, Scott and Greene counties as well as to Pike county, Missouri. He is continually broadening his knowledge through research and investigation and thus his efficiency is advanced, his labors proving of the utmost value to his fellowmen in checking the ravages of disease. He is local surgeon for the Chicago & Alton Railroad and has held the position for four years. While en- gaged actively in pharmacy he became a member of the State Pharmaceutical Association and was active in all lines of its work connected with the progress of pharmacy. He held various posi- tions in the association up to and including that of vice president. He is now a member of the Pike County and the Illinois State Medical Soci- eties and he keeps in touch with the most mod- ern scientific investigation along the line of his chosen life work. On the 1st of October, 1893, Dr. Garrison was united in marriage to Miss Laura L. French, a daughter of H. C. and Sarah (Long) French, lier father is a native of V^ermont and has re- sided in Pike county for about forty years. He served for four years in the Union army and, being captured, was confined in Libby Prison for several months. He is now a prosperous farmer of Montezuma township. His wife was born on the farm where they yet reside. Dr. and Mrs. Garrison have four children : Frank Har- old, George H., William H. and Sarah R. Fra- ternally Dr. Garrison is connected with the Ma- sonic lodge and with the Modern Woodmen of America. Fle and his wife are both devoted members of the Christian church and are ac- tively associated with its work. He has been superintendent of the Sunday-school for the past fifteen }'ears and has contributed in substantial measure to its upbuilding and also the extension of church influence. Like both his father and grandfather, he has been an active worker in the cause of temperance and had the honor of serv- ing as a member of the first temperance board of the village of Pearl. He maintains a high standard of professional ethics and his position in the public regard is not the less the result of an irreproachable private life than of profes- sional skill and ability. NATHAN L. BARNES. Nathan L. Barnes, a retired farmer and stock- raiser residing in Baylis, Illinois, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, March 15. 1833, and is a son of William and Sarah (Law- son) Barnes. The father's birth occurred in Washington county, Pennsylvania, where he fol- lowed farming, owning and operating a small tract of land. He was also a shoemaker by trade and engaged in that pursuit to some ex- tent. He came to Pike county, Illinois, in the fall of 1854, making his way down the Ohio river and up the Mississippi to Little Cincinnati, Illinois. He brought with him his household goods and live stock, having four tons of prop- N. L. AND LYDIA A. BARNES N. L. AXD MARGARET H. BARNES PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY 545 erty which was thus shipped to his western home. He located near BayHs and purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres from William Davis on section 24, New Salem town- ship. He brought with him his wife and family of nine children and one of his sons, William Barnes; had come to Pike county the year pre- vious. The father spent his remaining days here and, having purchased some town property in Baylis, occupied his home up to the time of his demise. He was quite widely known as a stock- raiser, making a specialty of cattle and horses, and his business interests were capably conducted and brought to him well merited success. He died September 4, 1884, at the advanced age of eighty-six years, three months and twenty-four days. He had long survived his wife, who passed away in 1868, at the age of seventy-three years, eleven months and three days. Nathan L. Barnes was educated in the com- mon schools of Pennsylvania, which he attended through the winter months. During the remain- der of the year, however, he worked upon the home farm, taking his place in the fields at the time of early spring planting and continuing there until crops were harvested in the late au- tumn. He remained at home until his removal to Pike county and made a hand in the fields when fifteen years of age. Following the re- moval to the west he entered upon an independ- ent business career, being employed by the month as a farm hand in this part of the state. Sub- sequently he returned to Pennsylvania and was married. His wife engaged in teaching school and through their united efforts they thus made a start in the business world. Mr. Barnes re- ceived a dollar and a quarter per day for his serv- ices and worked by the month for six months, after which he began farming on his own ac- count, desiring that his laboi-s should more di- rectly benefit himself. He continued the culti- vation of rented land for three years and after- ward removed to Harshman Prairie, where he remained for two years. He then returned to his former locality, where he continued for one year, after which he purchased one hundred and sev- enty acres of land a mile and a quarter south of Baylis. To this' he has added until he now 21 owns two hundred and seventy-two acres, con- stituting one of the valuable and productive farms in this portion of the state. He has put all the improvements upon his property, includ- ing a fine residence, large and substantial out- buildings and good fences. The fields are well tilled and he has one of the best farms in New Salem township. He has engaged extensively and successfully in raising hogs and could pro- duce in them a weight of from two hundred and twenty-five to two hundred and fifty pounds at six months old. He was known as the best raiser of hogs in the county and his business proved very profitable. In 1855, ^r. Barnes was united in marriage to Miss Margaret H. Cunningham, of West Alex- ander, Pennsylvania, and unto them have been born four children, of whom three are now liv- ing; Mary Jane, who is the wife of Mathew Nichols and resides in this county ; Lizzie, the wife of Finley Ritchie, a resident of Pike county ; and Robert Y.. who married Nancy Davidson and lives in Baylis. The wife and mother died March 3, 1863, and in 1865 Mr. Barnes was again married, his second union being with Miss Lydia Ann Huff, who was born in Pike county, Illinois, and is a daughter of John Huff, one of the early settlers of this part of the state, his home being near Beverly. Unto Mr. Barnes by the second marriage have been born eight chil- dren, of whom seven are yet living, namely: John, who married Effie McKinney and resides in New Salem township; William C, who wed- ded Amy Moore and resides near Barry, Illi- nois ; .A-lice, who married Curtis Bowman and is living near Barry. Illinois ; Lottie, who resides at home ; Frank, who married Emma Palmer and is living in North Henderson ; Sam, who married Lizzie Cummings and resides upon the old home- stead farm ; and Floyd, who is also at home. Mr. Barnes favors the Presbyterian church and he gives his political support to the prohibi- tion party. He was formerly a republican, but believing the temperance question to be the dom- inant issue before the people he became a prohi- bitionist. He has never sought or desired office but performs his duties to the countv and com- munity as a private citizen. He has been very 54'' PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. successful, for he started out in life empty- handed and has worked his way steadily upward to success. Those who know aught of his pros- perity know that he has been an energetic man, diligent and careful in business and at all times reliable and straightforward. By his capable management and energy he has won the splen- did competence that now enables him to live re- tired, resting in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. THOMAS POTTER. Thomas Potter, who follows farming in New Salem township, his home being about a mile east of Baylis, was born in this township July 5, 1839, his parents being David and Mary (Lawson) Potter. The father, a native of Pennsylvania, was born February 21, 1800, and the mother's birth occurred in the same state November 17, 1799. Journeying by water to Illinois in 1833, David Potter landed at Ouincy, where he built a frame house, making his home in Adams county for three years. He then came to New Salem township. Pike county, where he purchased land that was wild and unimproved, being largely covered with timber. He at once began to clear and cultivate the place, however, and built a log cabin near New Salem, in which Thomas Potter of this review was born. Various wild animals were frequently killed, and wild game was plenti- ful in the neighborhood at that time, while all the conditions of pioneer life were seen and there was little promise of rapid development and im- provement. Mr. Potter was the owner of two hundred and forty acres, which he transformed into a valuable and productive farm, his labor being crowned with success as the years went by. He was recognized as an influential and leading citizen of the community ; and he held member- ship in the Methodist church. His death oc- curred in 1876, while his wife passed away in 1878. They were the parents of ten children, of whom three are living : Thomas ; Mrs. Ma- hala Burke, of Baylis ; and Frank, who resides near the home of Thomas Potter. Thomas Potter pursued his education in the lo- cal schools of New Salem township, and remained at home until twenty-one years of age. Follow- ing the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the Union army in August, 1862, as a member of Company K, Ninety-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Isaac Cooper, with whom he served for three years, when he was mustered out on the 12th of August, 1865. He served in Missouri, also in the siege of Vicksburg, and was in ever)^ battle with his regiment. He was never in the hospital nor has he asked for a pension. He gave his service willingly and freely to aid his country, did his full duty as a soldier, and when the war was over returned to his home, rejoic- ing that the Union had been preserved, but not seeking further reward for the aid which he gave to the cause. In the spring of 1866 Mr. Potter was united in marriage to Rachel Ann Jeffers, who was born in New Salem township, and is a daughter to Elijah and Hannah (Pine) Jeffers, who came from Ohio to Illinois, settling in Pike county in 1837, among its poineer residents. The family home was established in New Salem township, where Mr. Jeffers followed the occupation of farming, becoming the owner of three hundred and twenty acres of land, which he converted into a good farm. He was the father of ten chil- dren, eight of whom are now living. The par- ents have both passed away, the father in 1883, and the mother in 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Potter have had no children of their own, but have reared seven or eight, having cared for all who have applied to them for homes. Mr. Potter is the owner of three hundred and sixty acres of well improved land in New Salem township, where he resides. Upon the place there are substantial outbuildings for the shelter of grain and stock ; and the careful cultivation be- stowed upon the fields makes the farm a valuable one.' He is extensively engaged in the raising of stock, giving his time largely to cattle, which brings him a good income. In his political views Air. Potter was formerly a republican, but dur- ing the past decade has given his support to the prohibition party, which embodies his belief con- cerning the temperance question. He has never PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 547 cared for office, perferring to give his undivided attention to his business interests which have brought him signal success. He and his wife are both members of the United Brethren church, to which he contributes hberally ; and their acquaint- ance in the county where they have so long re- sided is wide and favorable. With limited educa- tional privileges and no financial assistance, Mr. Potter started out in life on his own account, and has worked his way steadily upward, placing his dependence upon the substantial qualities of energy, determination and unfaltering industry ; and these have served as a strong foundation upon which he has builded the superstructure of his success. He has for two-thirds of a century been a resident of the county, and is perhaps as well known as anv man within its borders. THOA'IAS M. WATSON, M. D. Dr. Thomas M. Watson, engaged in the prac- tice of medicine and surgery in Griggsville, was born in Barry, Pike county, November 25, 1851, his parents being John and Agnes (Begg) Wat- son, both of whom were natives of Paisley, Scot- land, the former born November 23, 1805, and the latter March 4, 1813. They were married No- vember 24, 1849, Agnes Begg being his third wife. His second wife was Isabelle Begg, a sis- ter of Agn€s. In his native country Mr. Watson wzs a designer of Paislev shawls. Coming to America he first located in Quincy, Illinois, and later removed to Barrv, where he engaged in teaching school. He also served as postmaster there, and in 1850 embarked in merchandising, which he conducted for a number of years, being one of the leading early merchants of the county. He also contributed to its educational progress, and was a prominent member of the first teach- ers' institute held in Pike county. His name was a synonym for honesty ; and he could never be tempted into doing anything which he believed to be wrong, so that he left to his family the price- less heritage of an untarnished name and an ex- ample that is indeed worthy of emulation. He died in August, 1862, while the mother of our subject passed away in her eighty-first year. They were the parents of three sons, Thomas M., John- B. and William W. Thomas M. Watson spent his boyhood days in his parents' home, his youth being passed in the usual manner of lads of the period ; his time being devoted between the work of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the various du- ties which were assigned to him by his mother. ITe lost his father when only about eleven years of age. After acquiring his preliminary educa- tion, he continued his studies in Lombard Uni- versity at Galesburg, Illinois ; and having com- pleted a good collegiate course, he prepared for the practice of medicine as a student in the Ec- lectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he was graduated with the class of 1874. Almost immediately afterward. Dr. Watson was married to Miss Helena Terry, the wedding being celebrated on the 19th of May, 1874. She was born in Barry, February 22, 1853, and is a daugh- ter of Jqmes L. and Alzina C. (Liggett) Terry, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Pike county, Illinois. Soon after his marriage Dr. Watson located for practice in Griggsville, where he has since re- mained, having now more than thirty years been a representative of the medical profession in this part of the state. His practice extends to neigh- boring towns, and his abilit)' is recognized in the liberal patronage accorded him. He has been a thorough and discriminating student, keeping in touch with the modern scientific research and bringing to bear in the solution of difficult prob- lems, which continually confront the physician, broad and comprehensive knowledge of the sci- ences of medicine and surgery. He is likewise an active and valued factor in communitv life, having co-operated in many progressive measures for the general good. He served as mayor of Griggsville in 1885, and at this writing, in 1906, is an alderman. He is also secretary of the school board, which position he has filled for twenty- three years, and he is president of the board of directors of the public library. His political alle- giance is given to the republican party; and his fraternal affiliation is with Griggsville lodge. No. 45, .\. F. & A. M., in which he served as master 548 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. for nine years, the jModern Woodmen of Amer- ica, tlie Alutual Protective League and the Pike County ]\'ivitual Life Association. He also be- longs to the Congregational church ; and in the line of his profession he is connected with the Illinois Llomeopathic Medical Association. Thor- ough preliminary training well qualified him for the duties which he assumed as a life work, and by faithful performance of each day's tasks he has found courage and strength for the labors of the succeeding dav. In many a household in this part of the county he is the beloved family physi- cian in whom great confidence is reposed and he is ever worthy of the trust which is given him. ALEXANDER K. ROSS. As long as memory remains to the American people the history of the veterans of the Civil war will be a matter of interest ; and the country owes to the veterans of that long and sanguinary struggle a debt of gratitude which can never be fully repaid. Mr. Ross was one of the boys in blue who went forth as an Illinois soldier to fight for the Union. He is now accounted one of the leading and enterprising agriculturists of Pike county, hdlding large landed interests. His farm, which is pleasantly located two and a half miles south of New Canton, comprises three hundred and twenty-five acres of rich and productive land. Mr. Ross was born in Washington county. Penn- sylvania, October 6, 1839, and is a son of John and Elizabeth- (McDaniels) Ross, who were earlv settkrs of Pennsylvania. His paternal grand- father was born in Scotland, and the grandmother in Ireland. They crossed the Atlantic to Amer- ica prior to 1800, John Ross following the occu- pation of farming in the Keystone state, where he owned one hundred and sixty acres of good land and made his home, carefully conducting his business interests and rearing there a large family of ten children. Only three of the number are now living, however: William, a resident of Hand county, South Dakota; John, who makes his home in Pike county; and Alexander K., who was the youngest of the family. The parents were members of the Presbyterian church. The father died at the age of sixty years, and a life of use- fulness and activity was thus ended. Alexander K. Ross acquired his education in the public schools of Pennsylvania, and spent his boyhood days upon his father's farm, becoming familiar with the practical methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. When twenty years of age he started out upon an independent busi- ness career as a farm hand, and in i860 he came to Pike county, where he arrived without a cent of money. He possessed, however, strong de- termination and laudable ambition, and these served him in place of capital. He at once sought and secured employment, working by the month as a farm hand until 1862. His earnings during that period were carefully saved and when two years had passed, he purchased a farm of forty acres. About the same time he enlisted in the army, joining the LTnion forces in August, 1862, as a member of Company E. Seventy-eighth Il- linois Infantry. He enlisted at Ouincy for three years, or until the close of the war, and partici- pated in a mnnber of important campaigns, in- cluding the Atlanta .campaign and the celebrated march under Sherman to the sea, after which he was honorably discharged. Several times he was slightly wounded but his injuries were never of a very serious nature, and he remained at his post of duty, never faltering in the thickest of the fight nor hesitating when assigned to the lonely picket line. When the war was ended he was discharged in June, 1865, at New York city, after which he returned to Pike county. Here Mr. Ross took up the active work of improving his land, returning to take charge of a little tract of forty acres. That he has prospered is indicated by his splen- didly improved property of three hundred and twenty-five acres pleasantly and conveniently lo- cated about a mile and a half south of New Can- ton. In the midst of this he has erected a fine brick residence, built in modern and pleasing style of architecture. He also has good barns and sheds upon his place and the farm is well fenced. He also raises considerable stock, making a specialty of hogs. In all his business afifairs he is praC' tical and enterprising and his success is the merit- ed reward of his earnest labor. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 549 On the 27th of January, 1878, Mr. Ross was united in marriage to Mrs. Melvina Brewster, nee Purcell, a daughter of Aaron and IMaria (Cle- ment) Purcell, who removed from Canada to Indi- ana, where Mrs. Ross was born. The parents also took rp their abode in Pike countv at an earl\- day, locating here when the country was largely an unbroken wilderness. Deer were frequently .seen and venison was no unusual dish upon the table of the early settlers. Other wild game could be had in abundance and there was evers' evi- dence of frontier life in uncut tracts of timber land and the stretches of unimproved prairie. The father died in Memphis, Tennessee, while the mother's death occurred in Pike count}^ in 1863. In their family were six children but Mrs. Ross is the only one now living. She was brought to this county when but four years of age and was reared here, obtaining her early education in one of the primitive log schoolhouses with slab benches, crude writing desks and a huge fireplace in one end of the room to heat the building. Often in those days she saw wild deer and fre- quently wolves and other wild animals. She can remember the county when it was but sparsely settled and the work of improvement and progress seemed scarcely begun. She is a worthy representative of one of the honored pioneer families of this part of the state and she owns here about nine hundred acres of land. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Ross is most attractively situ- ated, standing back about three hundred feet from the road, the walk thereto being lined on each side by evergreen trees. There is a beautiful and well kept lawn which presents a splendid setting for their residence and the home is one which would be a credit to any city. There were three children by Mrs. Ross' first marriage: Charles E., a resident of Minneapolis, Minnesota ; Annie B., who is the widow of Elmer West and resides with Mr. and Mrs. Ross; and Minnie M., also at home. Mr. Ross votes with the republican party but has never been an aspirant for office, preferring to leave the discharge of official duties to others, yet as a private citizen he is never remiss in his support of measures which are calculated to ben- efit the community. He is a member of the Masonic lodge at New Canton, which he joined upon its organization, and he also belongs to Amos Moore post. No 617, G. A. R., of N-ew Canton. He has based his principles and actions upon strict adherence to the rules which govern industry, economy and unswerving integrity and thus he has become an important factor in agri- cultural circles and his prosperity is well deserved. JOHN WALCH, Sr. John Walch, Sr., who since 1880 has resided upon his present farm on section 12, Kinder- hook township, although in the meantime he has extended its boundaries until he now owns three hundred and forty-three acres of rich and pro- ductive land, was born in Van Wert count5^ Ohio, on the 19th of August, 1846, his parents being John A. and Anna E. (Fauty) Walch. The father's birth occurred in Baden Baden, Germany, while the mother was born in Ohio. Their only child is John Walch of this review. John A. Walch was a farmer by occupation and his death occurred in Ohio in 1846. His widow aft- erward married Samuel Nestrick, of the Buckeye state, who ^^'ith the faniih^ came to Illinois in 1858, residing in Stark county until 1863, when he removed to Pike count^' and settled on sec- tion 18, P)arr\- township. Here he purchased a farm of one hundred and thirteen acres, upon which he lived until his death in 1881, while his wife passed away July 4, 1876. There were four children born of the mother's second marriage, a son and three daughters, of whom two are now living. The elder, George Nestrick. resides upon the old homestead near the A¥alch farm and owns about four hundred acres of land. The daugh- ter. Mrs. O. P. Harrison, is living in Davis county, Missouri. Mr. Nestrick was a democrat in his political views and, like the mother of our subject, was of German descent. She belonged to the Lutheran church. John Walch was educated in the common schools of Ohio and of Pike countv and began life for himself when twenty-one years of age. Up to this time he had lived with his mother and 550 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. stepfather and on attaining his majority he left home and began learning the miller's trade, which he followed for five years. He afterward en- gaged in farming and threshing for thirty years or until Kjoi. On tlic 2gth of January, 1880. he purchased the place where he now resides, at that time comprising one hundred and fifty-seven acres on section 12, Kinderhook township, and as his financial resources increased he added to the original tract one hundred and eighty-six acres on section 3, Kinderhook township, and now has altogether three hundred and forty-three acres, constituting a very valuable property. He carries on general farming and stock-raising, making a Specialty of sheep and black cattle and also raises hogs. All of his stock is of good grade and both branches of his business are proving profitable. On the 18th of Alarch, 1869, Mr. Walch was married to Miss Charlotte Hull, who was bom in Pike county, April 7, 1847, and is a daughter of Charles and Nancy (Pollum) Hull. They were one of the first families to settle in Kinderhook township. The father was a farmer who owned forty acres of land and resided near Kinderhook. Both he and his wife are now deceased. In their family were thirteen children. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Walch have been born six children : Frank, at home ; Roy who married Maggie Hicks and lives in Quinc}'; Charles, who married Eva Ross and resides on one of his father's farms; Ellis, at home ; John and Fannie, also under the parental roof. Mr. Walch is a self-made man and now a well- to-do citizen. He has erected all of the buildings upon his place and has a comfortable and attract- ive residence and good barns. He has cleared most of the land, has put up good fences and everything about the place is in excellent con- dition, while none of the facilities of equipments of a model farm are lacking. He has a fine or- chard of apple and plum trees, which he has set out and which are in good bearing condition. Mr. Walch is a democrat, who for six years has been supervisor of Kinderhook township and is the incumbent in the office at the present time. He has acted as collector and has been school trustee for about twelve years. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He had no financial assistance when he started out in life but he had early learned the value of in- dustry and economy as factors in a successful business career. His life history will bear close investigation and scrutiny and what he has ac- complished is an indication of his strong business qualifications and determined purpose. ERBIE M. WOODS. Erbie M. Woods, who is engaged in buying and selling horses and mules, and also conducts a livery and feed barn in New Salem, was born in this county, September 6, 1876, and is a repre- sentative of one of the pioneer families. His par- ents are John E. and Amy (Pine) Woods. The father was born in Eldara township in 1849. He started out in life on his own account when twenty years of age. The mother was born in New Salem township in 1856, and was married to John E. Woods in 1875. He carried on agricultural pur- suits successfully for many years. In 1903 he moved to California, returning in 1906, and ex- pects to make this his home. To Mr. and Mrs. John E. Woods were born four children : Erbie, Ivah, Howe and Gail. Ivah lives in California and the others in Illinois. Erbie M. Woods was educated in the common schools, and after putting aside his text-books, engaged in farming for three years. He has since sold his farm, and has given his attention to the purchase of horses and mules. He also conducts a livery and feed barn in New Salem, and owns the barn in which his business is carried on, to- gether with a fine home in the town. On the 6th of October, 1897, was celebrated the marriage of Erbie M. Woods and Miss Anna Dunham, a daughter of Daniel and Martha (Woods) Dunham. Her father was born July 15, 1856, in Martinsburg township. Pike county. He started out in life on his own account when nine- teen years of age. Her mother was born in Steu- benville, Ohio, in 1852, and was married to Dan- iel Dunham in 1875. To them were born six chil- dren, Herbert, Anna, Daisy, Lora, Villa and Kellv. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 551 Mr. and Mrs. Erbie Woods have two children : Doris, born January 24, 1898; and Martha F., born July 6,, 1905. The parents hold membership in the Methodist church ; and Mr. Woods ex- ercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party. Flis business interests are capably conducted, and he now has a good sale barn in New Salem. FRANK LAWSON. Frank Lawson, a farmer residing a mile east of Barry on section 19, Hadley township, was born in Adams county, Illinois, December 23, 1868, his parents being William and Elizabeth (Cutter) Lawson. The father was born near Baylis, Pike county, on the 29th of November, 1841, and was a son of Frank Lawson, Sr., one of the early settlers of this county who became an extensive farmer and one of the largest stock- raising of his day in the county. William Lawson removed to Adams county, making his home at the present time in Beverly township. He wedded Miss Elizabeth Cutter, who was born in that township, and is a daughter of Samuel Cutter, who was one of the early settlers of Adams county, coming to this state from New Jersey.- The Sykes and Cutter families came to- gether to Illinois and were the second and third families in Beverly township. There the Cutter nursery was established and was the first one in that part of the locality. William Lawson con- tinued to follow the occupation of farming until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when, on the 9th of August, 1862, he enlisted as a member of Company E, Seventeenth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. He served until the close of hostili- ties and was mustered out June 7, 1865, with the rank of first sergeant. He was wounded at Ben- tonville, North Carolina, by being hit with a spent ball behind the ear and was left on the field for dead but crawled to camp that night and sur- prised his comrades who supposed that he was lying lifekss on the field. Frank Lawson was educated in the common schools and started out on his own account when twenty-one years of age. He worked at farm labor for some time and in October, 1896, purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, where he now lives, taking up his abode thereon the same year. The place is pleasantly and conveniently located within a half mile of the city limits of Barr)^ and is a well cultivated property. It is surrounded by a g'ood fence and substantial buildings have been erected thereon, while every- thing about the place is kept in good repair and in its neat and thrifty appearance the farm indi- cates the careful supervision of a practical and painstakng owner. Mr. Lawson keeps a number of Jersey cows and sells annually a large amount of milk and butter. Fle is now raising Angus cattle and has twenty head of pure blooded stock, making a nice herd. He also raises hogs and his stock-raising is an important and profit- able branch of his business. On the i8th of October, 1893, Mr. Lawson was married to Miss Hattie Sykes, who was born in Adams county. Illinois, February 15, 1871, and is a daughter of James and Mary ( Ayres) Sykes. The father was born March 9, 1819, in Hudders- field, England, which was also the birthplace of his parents and grandparents. The grandfather, James Sykes, Sr., passed his early life in his native country, and when very young began earn- ing his own living by working in the woolen mills, where he was steadily advanced in recognition of his capability and fidelity until he became foreman of the finishing department. In 1821, possessed of a laudable ambition to enjoy still better oppor- tunities in business life he emigrated to Amer- ica and secured a position in Manhattanville, New York, now included within the boundary of New York city. After settling there he sent for his wife and three children and they sailed from Liv- erpool, but when the vessel had been out a few weeks it sprang a leak and after sailing thirteen weeks finally managed to reach the port of Cork, Ireland. Mrs. Sykes then returned home with her three children but soon afterward set sail again and better luck attended the second voyage, for she landed safely in New York after seven weeks. She had however, thus spent about twenty weeks upon the ocean in that year. Mr. and Mrs. Svkes remained residents of the state 55^ PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of New York until 1834, when the grandfather of Mrs. Lawson visited Adams county, Illinois, and purchased four hundred and eighty acres of government land in Beverly township. He then returned to Brooklyn, New York, and in October, 1834, brought his family to Illinois. His wife and children remained in Quincy while he went to his farm and built thereon a log cabin, in which the family were soon installed. He then entered upon the task of tilling the soil and re- sided upon his farm until his death, which oc- curred in 1852. During that period he took a helpful part in promoting the early development of the county and in laying deep the foundation for its present prosperity. In early life he mar- ried Hannah Hirst, a native of England and a daughter of William Hirst, who was born in Yorkshire. They reared four children : Mary ; William ; James, who is the father of i\Irs. Law- son ; and John, who was born in New York. James Sykes, Jr., come to America with his mother when only two }ears old and was fifteen years of age at the time of the removal of the famil)' to Illinois. He remained under the pa- rental roof until he had attained his majority and assisted in the farm work, after which his father gave him eighty acres of wild land, half prairie and half brush. He built thereon a frame house, which was the third of the kind in Bev- erly township and later he turned his attention to carpentering, which he followed for a part of the time for nearly thirty years. In the meantime he also superintended the improvement of his form, which was brought to a high state of cul- tivation, and as his financial resources increased he gradually became an extensive landowner, his possessions ultimately aggregating seven hun- dred and sixty acres of rich farming land in Adams county. He continued to reside upon the old homestead until 1888, when he purchased an attractive residence in Barry, beautifully located on Diamond Hill and has since made his home in the city. He was married September 23, 1849, to Miss Mary Ayres, a native of Woodbridge, New Jersey. She passed away in Adams county on the 1st of April, 1873, leaving six children, while five died prior to the mother's death. Those still living are Hannah, Elizabeth, Joseph, Emma, Frank and Mrs. Lawson. Following the death of his first wife Mr. Sykes was married on the 25th of November, 1875, to Miss Martha J. Cun- ningham, who was born in Harrison county, Ohio. The father is a republican and served for nearly thirty _\'ears as school director in ,\dains county and has been a member of the board of education and chairman of the board of health in Barry, Illinois. His has been a most credit- able career, crowned with success and with the respect and honor of his fellowmen. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Lawson have been born three children : Everett E., born December 12, 1894; Geneva Grace, November 11, 1896; and Frank Lester, on the 8th of June, 1899. Mrs. Lawson is a member of the Christian church and Mr. Lawson belongs to Barry lodge. No. 836, I. O. O. F. He is a republican and has served as school director but has no aspiration for office, preferring to devote his time and energies to his business r.ffairs which are capably conducted so that he is now accounted one of the leading and representative agriculturists of his community, possessing a farm which is the visible evidence of a well spent life. SAMUEL M. DICKASON. Samuel M. Dickason is one of the most exten- sive landowners of Pike county and is also a prominent factor in financial circles. He was born in Hannibal, Missouri, August 24, 1867, and is a son of Jacob H. and Harriet (Conway) Dick- ason. The father was born in Armstrong county, Penns3dvania, and went to Missouri about 1852 and spent the remainder of his life there. He was a capitalist and was a leading and influential resident of his community. His wife was born in Hannibal and by his marriage became the mo- ther of two sons, Samuel M. and William A., who is now living in Hannibal. The father departed this life November 3, 1899, at the age of sixty- four years, while his wife died on the 15th of October, 1893. Samuel M. Dickason is indebted to the pub- lic schools of his native city for the greater part PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 553 of his education. He was, however, a student in the Gem City Business College at Quincy, where he was trained for the practical and responsible duties of business life, and after completing a thorough course was graduated from that insti- tution. On July 3, 1889, he married Miss Car- rie Strubinger, who was born in Derry township, Pike county, December 17, 1866, and is a daugh- ter of Michael and Mary (Chamberlain) Strub- inger. The father was born in Delaware, October 8, 1833, and was the eldest son of Joseph Strubinger, whose name is a familiar one in Pike county because of his close. and active connection with business and public affairs here. Michael Strubinger was brought by his parents to this county when a boy and started out to fight life's battles for himself when twenty-one years of age. He was first employed as a farm hand by the month, spending his time in that way until about thirty years of age, during which period he re- ceived about fifteen dollars per month as re- muneration for earnest and unremitting toil. That he was faithful and diligent is indicated by the fact that he remained in the service of one man for seven years. He wedded Miss Mary Cham- berlain in 1862 and unto them were born four children. Removing from his farm to Barry he there resided for five or six years and afterward took up his abode again upon a farm. He be- came the owner of about twelve hundred acres of land and had one of the finest country resi- dences in the county. He was practical and ener- getic in all that he did, a thorough-going busi- ness man, who carefully controlled his agricul- tural interests and dealt quite extensively in stock. He died May 12, 1896, while his wife passed away February 14, 1905. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dickason has been born one daughter, Helen Louise, whose birth oc- curred August 12, 1905. The family occupy a beautiful home in Barry, where they have resided since 1901. Mr. Dickason and his wife own altogether over two thousand acres of rich bot- tom land in Pike county, also are stockholders in the International Bank at Hull and Samuel M. Dickason is a director of the First National Bank at Barry. Upon his farm stock-raising is carried on quite extensively, his attention being given to cattle, hogs and, to some extent, horses. He is a capitalist and a man of good business discern- ment, who forms his plans readily and is deter- mined in their execution, carrying forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. Plis judgment is seldom is ever at fault in busi- ness matters and his keen insight has enabled him to make judicious investments. His business operations are usually attended with a high measure of success and he has thus won a place among the leading residents of Pike county. His political allegiance is given to the democracy. His wife is a member of the Christian church. JON PERRY GRUBB. It has been said of Jon Perry Grubb that "no man knew him but to respect him" and such a man is certainly worthy of representation in the history of the county where he lived and labored, winning success and also the priceless heritage of an untarnished name. He did not seek to figure prominently in public life, but he performed every duty faithfully and courage- ously and developed a character that is indeed well worthy of emulation. A native of Pennsyl- vania, he was born about four miles from Harris- burg and near Mechanicsburg in Cumberland county on the 7th of October, 181 5. His parents were Jonas and Sarah (Wizer) Grubb, in whose family were twelve children, eight sons and four daughters, of whom seven were living at the time of the death of Jon P. Grubb. The father was a stone mason by trade, but the family resided upon a farm which was operated by the sons until 1833. In that year all removed to Saegers- town in Crawford county, Pennsylvania. Mr. Grubb of this review had attended the public schools and soon after the removal of the famih- to Saegerstown he went to Meadville, about seven or eight miles from his home and secured employment in a woolen mill, where he remained for a year. The following vcar, in company with George Wike, afterward a promi- nent citizen of Pike county, he went to Erie, Penn- sylvania, where he completed his trade, master- 554 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ing all the details of the business of a woolen manufacttirer. His arrival in Illinois dates from 1838. Pie made his way to Quincy, where George Wike was at work at the trade which they had learned, being employed by Colonel Dan Whipple, one of the pioneers of Qnincy. After a few weeks Air. Grubb went to Palmyra, Missouri, where he operated a roll card for John Sallee. In the suc- ceeding winter he returned to Saegerstown and in the spring of 1839 the Grubb family came to Illinois, settling on a farm near Liberty, Adams count)'. Jon P. Grubb at that time entered the emplo)' of Colonel Whipple, for whom he en- gaged in carding and spinning until 1842, when he assisted George Wike in establishing the Barry A¥oolen Alills at the present site. At that point there was already in operation a sawmill and an old French buhr for grinding corn, the power being furnished by water from the spring which issues form the cave in the hillside above the mills. Mr. Grubb, however, again entered the employ of Colonel Whipple, with whom he continued until 1844. He afterward spent one year in the service of Captain Garrett at Camp Point, Illinois, and on the expiration of that period formed a partnership with George, Joe and David Wike in the business of carding rolls, manufacturing woolen goods and grinding corn and sawing lum- ber. The variety of the work done made this one of the important industrial concerns of the county and it drew a patronage from a wide district. There had been great changes wrought in the manufacture of woolen goods, but at that time all weaving was done on hand looms and when a power loom was brought to the Barry mills from Pittsburg it was regarded with the utmost won- der. However, the mills were kept in touch with the uniform progress in that line of manufacture,- new and improved machinery being introduced from time to time and the Barry Woolen Mills still maintain a foremost place amid productive industries of this county. Mr Grubb continued his connection with the mills until a few years prior to his death, after which he concentrated his energies upon his farm. On the 9th of Ma>', 7840, Mr. Grubb was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Stevens and unto them were born three children : John W., Emeline and Eva R. The last named became the wife of John M. Shields and died October 25, 1883. Jon W. Grubb married Miss Mary Clay- combe, of Eureka, Kansas, and they reside in Galesburg, Illinois, where he is a professor in Lombard University. Emeline inarried a Mr. Shields and lives in Ellis, Kansas. They have five children : Eva, Pearl, Mary, Lee and Anna. Airs. Harriet Grubb departed this life March 5, 1866, and Mr. Grubb afterward wedded Mrs. Beu- lah Nations, nee Beecher, who was born in Liber- ty, Adams county, November 30, 1839. She was a daughter of Hamilton and Jerusha (Stevens) Beecher, who were natives of the state of New York. The father came to Adams county about 1837, being one of its pioneer settlers. He helped to break the prairie and clear away the timber and he owned and operated forty acres of land, on which he built a log cabin. In his family were six children, but only two are now living : John P. : and Mary Jane, the wife of Thomas Boren, who resides near Cowles, Nebraska. The father died about 1846 and the mother was married again to ' Henry Phillips, a farmer of Adams count)', Illinois, who died September 9, 1890, while the mother's death occurred September 9, 1886. Beulah Beecher was first married to John Nations, of Liberty, Adams county, Illinois, and they had two children who yet survive. Norman W. Nations, the elder, married Belle Jones, by whom he has two children, Maud and John, and their home is in Liberty, Illinois. Florence Belle is the wife of L. Jones, a lumberman of Barry, and they have two children, Roscoe and Harr)'. Mr. Nations enlisted in the Union army on the 7th of August, 1862, as a member of Company E, Seventy-eighth Regiment of Illinois Volun- teers and was killed at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. Plis wife was married again in 1866 to Jon P. Grubb and they had three children. George R. married Flora Swan, lives in Bakers- field, California, and lias three children: Gladys. Russell and Harriet. Harriet C. married Percy I. Hale, resides in Wisconsin and has three chil- dren ; Harry, Alice and Beulah. Oliver married Katie AVillef, of New Haven, Connecticut, where they now reside and have one son, Harry. Mr. Grubb was a devoted member of the Uni- I'AST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 555 versalist church and took an active and helpful part in its work. He was largely instrumental in the erection of the church in Barry in 1858. His political views were in accord with democratic principles and he did all in his power to promote the growth and insure the success of the party. He was one of the early members of Barry lodge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M., in which at various times he was honored with office and he was ever most loyal to the teachings of the fraternity, exempli- fying in his life its beneficent principles of broth- erly kindness and mutual helpfulness. The cause of education found in him a warm and stalwart friend, who used his aid and influence for the furtherance of the system of public education and he was also a contributor toward the building of Lombard University at Galesburg, Illinois. One who knew him well wrote of him, "He was a generous neighbor, a kind husband and a loving father, devoting his last years to his family in their farm life. As a man and citizen he was held in the highest esteem. He was noted for his honesty and integrity, sound judgment and noble traits of character. His word to those who knew him was as good as his bond." He died August 9, 1889, when about seventy-four years of age and thus closed a most honorable record. He had lived peaceably with all men and his death came as a personal bereavement to the large majority of those who knew him. Mrs. Grubb occupies a beautiful home that her husband built and is the owner of one hundred and twenty-four acres of fine land situated on section 23, Barry township, and pleasantly and conveniently located about ,a half-mile from the city of Barry. CHARLES HILL, Sr. Charles Hill, Sr., one of the iiative sons of Pike county, is a respected, enterprising and suc- cessful farmer residing in Baylis, while his time and attention are given to the operation of his land which adjoins the town. He was born Sep- tember 14, i860, and was a son of William and Julia (Farnsworth) Hill. The father was born in England and the mother also came from Eng- land to the United States, arriving in Pike county about 1840. It was ten years' later, however, before the father reached this country, the date of his arrival being October, 1850. He located on section 31, I'^airmount township, Pike county, and purchased a tract of raw land which was en- tirely destitute of improvements, but with char- acteristic energy he began the cultivation of this property, doing all of the work upon it. He added more land thereto until he owned four hundred acres, which was the visible evidence of his life of thrift and enterprise. He was classed with the extensive landowners of the community and he not only carefully cultivated his fields and harvested good crops but he also raised stock to a considerable extent and also traded in stock. The principal cereal which he raised was wheat. In politics he was a democrat. His death occurred in 1876 and the county thereby lost one of its representative citizens and prominent business men. He reared a family of six children, five of whom are yet living, namely ; Mrs. Ann M. Birch, of Baylis ; Mrs. Julie Ramsey, who is also living in Baylis; Mrs. Mary Grammer, the wife of Weber Grammer, of Baylis; Fred, who is residing upon a farm in this county ; and Charles, of this review. Charles Hill, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his early education in a brick schoolhouse near his father's home. He aided in the work of the fields through the sum- mer months and after his father's death he re- mained upon the old homestead farm for two vears, working for his mother by the year. He afterward took charge of the farm and engaged in the cultivation of the land until his mother's death, when he came into possession of the prop- erty. This was a farm of one hundred and ninety- one acres of good land. He continued as owner until 1901, when he bought eighty-two acres where he now resides. He carries on general farming, his fields being well tilled, and he also raises hogs. He is likewise engaged in the dairy business, keeping ten cows for this purpose. In 1883 Mr. Hill was married to Miss Nettie Mclntyre, of LaSalle county, Illinois, a daughter of John Mclntyre, who came to Pike county and 55^' PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. retained his residence in Pjaylis up to the time of his death, ownino- and cultivating a fine farm near the village. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have four children : Myrtle, who is the wife of Fred Stauf- fer and lives upon a farm in New Salem town- ship : Grover, who is the manager of the cream- ery, which is one of the best business enterprises of Baylis, having a trade wdiich amounts to about fifteen thousand dollars a year ; Alva and Kline both at home. ^Mr. Hill is a democrat and is a member of the town board of Baylis. He is a popular citizen with good business qualifications, of energy and enterprise in public afl:'airs and at all times is interested and helpful in promoting tlie welfare of the community. THOMAS A. GAY. Thomas A. Gay, who is engaged in farming and fruit-raising not far from Baylis, is one of Pike county's native sons, who has spent almiost his entire life within its borders. He was born May 19, i860, on the old family homestead, and is a son of John and Sarah (Bowman) Gay. The father came to Pike county at an early day in company with his father, Simon Gay, and settled where Thomas A. Gay now resides. They took up land from the government which was entirely destitute of improvements and at once began to clear the tract. Later they built a log house in which Thomas A. Gay resided until 1897. It was a large double log house con- taining two immense rooms and a double fire- place. With characteristic energy John Gav con- tinued the work of cultivating and improving his property and spent his remaining davs upon the old homestead farm, his death occurring about 1865. In the family were five children, of whom two sons and a daughter are \-et living, nameh : Thomas A., of this review; Frank, who resides in Hannibal, Missouri; and Mrs. Rebecca Coss, who is living in southwestern Kansas. Thomas A. Gay is indebted to the public-school system of Pike county for the educational privi- leges he enjoyed. His time was divided between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the home farm during the period of his boyhood and youth and he has spent the greater part of his life on the old home property although in 1890 and 1891 he was in California and for a time lived in South Dakota. He purchased a farm of one hundred and sixt_\- ^c^^s near Mitchell, South Dakota, in 1883, and took up a claim there, but having a stronger attachment for the county of his nativity than for his new home he returned to Illinois. He now rents land and engages in farming. He owns forty-one acres of the old homestead which is well improved and he has built thereon a fine residence and substantial barns. The place is also well fenced and in addition to the cultivation of the cereals best adapted to soil and climate he also raises fruit, which finds a ready sale upon the market because of size, quality and flavor. He also has a few cattle and horses and about fifty head of hogs and for eight years he has en- gaged in the operation of a hay press. . In June, 1882, Mr. Gay was united in marriage to Miss Melissa McKinney, who was born in New Salem township in 1865 and is a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Burkhead) McKinney. The father was a native of Pennsylvania and came to Illinois at an early day when few settlements had been made. He took up land from the gov- ernment and shared in the usual hardships and privations of pioneer life. As the years passed by he prospered and is now the owner of two hundred acres of rich farming land. He has now reached the age of eighty-three years. In his family were nine chil- dren, of whom seven are now living. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gay have been born two children, Myrtie, who was born November 20, 1884, married Florence Hill, whose birth occurred March 27, 1885. They have one child, Glenna Hazel, born March 6, 1903. Daisy, born May 25, 18S7, died September t8, 1899. The family home is situated upon forty-one acres of the old home- stead property which belonged to Mr. Gay's father. This is a well improved tract of land and he has erected a fine residence which forms one of the attractive features of the landscape. There are also good barns upon the place and the farm is well fenced, while everything is neat and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 557 thrifty in appearance. He carries on general agri- cultural pursuits and r^ircs fruit and in his busi- ness efforts he has met with a gratifying nieasur = of success. In politics he is a democrat. His wife belongs to the United Brethren church at Baylis and they are people of genuine worth, re- spected and esteemed by all who know them. MARTIN V. SHIVE. Martin \'. Shive, living on section ii, Pleasant Hill township, is one of the practical, progressive and prosperous farmers of his community, where he owns and operates one hundred and twenty- two acres of land. A native of Cumberland county, Kentucky, he was born August i6, 1839, and is a son of Martin Shive, a native of Ken- tucky, while his grandfather, George Shive, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany. Martin Shive, Jr., was reared in the state of his nativity. Mar- tin V. Shive's father died June 7, 1839, three months prior to the birth of his son, and his mother when he was in his third year. He was reared by his grandmother and in his nineteenth year came to Mason county, Illinois, where he worked for his uncle for some time, remaining there for two years. He next came to Pike county, where he was employed at farm labor for some time and then returned to Mason county. In response to the country's call for aid he en- listed in 1861, joining the boys in blue of Com- pany K, Seventeenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. The troops proceeded to Peoria and were there drilled on the fair grounds. He first enlisted for three months' service, but joined the United States service on the 25th of May, 1861, and went from Peoria to Alton, Illinois. The order then came to proceed to St. Louis, Missouri, after which they went to St. Charles and afterward returned to St. Louis, continuing at the arsenal for a few weeks. Later the regiment joined the Cairo forces and established what was called Fort Holt. Later, however, the company was ordered back to St. Louis and then proceeded to Pilot Knob, from which place they marched to the Mississippi river. They participated in the engagement at Cape Girardenu, the first battle occurring October 21, 1861, with the troops under Jefferson Thomp- son at Frederickstown, Missouri. The Seven- teenth Illinois was commanded by Colonel Ross and the regiment formed a part of the forces under General Fremont. Later this regiment joined the troops under Commodore Foote at Cairo, Illinois, and with thirty thousand soldiers took up the march along the Tennessee river to Fort Henry. The principal fighting there, howc\'er, was done from the gunboats, and the gunboat Tyler ran the blockade and captured the Confederate boats. The engagement was carried on in the midst of a heavy rain and sleet and the L^nion forces camped on the rebel barracks and held the fort. The next battle in which Mr. Shive participated was at Fort Donelson, where the army under General Grant was victorious, but won the victory at great loss, suffering more there than at any other time during the war. The rebel forces surrendered about seventeen thousand prisoners to General Grant, which was his first victory. General Halleck having been in charge ^vlien the other battle was fought at Fort Donelson. Many members of the regiment to which Mr. Shive belonged were killed and the surviving members were attached to the Eighth Illinois Infantry. Mr. Shive was wounded on the second day of the battle at Shiloh and was taken to Mound City Hospital, where he remained for some time and was then granted a furlough about the 25th of April, 1862. He then went to Bath, Illinois, where he spent three months in recovering from his injuries, while later he re- joined his old company at Bolivar, Tennessee, but not being able to resume active field service, was discharged in 1862. He returned to Pike county and as soon as his health permitted re- sumed farming. Mr. Shive was married on the 1 8th of December, 1862, in Pleasant Hill township to Miss Carolina L. Ricketts, a native of Kentucky and a daugh- ter of Henry Ricketts, also of Kentucky, who came to Illinois in the early '50s. For a year after his marriage Mr. Shive engaged in cultivat- ing rented land, and then bought his first tract of sixty acres in 1863. While at Shiloh he had been wounded with buck shot and ball shot ; and .S^v"! PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. one of the shot is still in his lungs. As he had not fully recovered from his injuries, he was ad- vised to go to California, and, accompanied by his wife, he drove across the country to Sacra- mento ; but he was not pleased with the Pacific country, and returned to Illinois after two years. On again reaching Pike count)', Mr. Shive pur- chased the sixty-acre tract of land as before stated. He has since added to his property, and has lived thereon since 1869. He has also erected a good two-story residence, a substantial barn and other outbuildings, and altogether has a well improved place. The work of general farming and stock-raising has been carried steadily for- ward ; and all the success that he has enjoyed, has been acquired by Mr. Shive through his own well directed efforts. He makes a specialty of raising Hambletonian horses, and takes great pride in this enterprise. Unto our subject and his wife have been born ten children, of whom two died in infancy, while Bessie died in her twenty-second year, and Henry in his forthieth year. Six of the number are yet living. John South married Miss Daisy Prowl, and they have four children ; Caroline Marie, Posy Lee, Charles Pollard and Martin \'an Buren. Charles F. Shive married Ardelia Scranton, and has two children : Claude Henry and Maude. Julia P. is the wife of H. Martin Shelby, and they have six children : Elmer Bliss, of Miller county, Missouri ; Engle Caro- line ; Elsie Edith ; Norman ; Spencer ; and Rob- ert Van Buren. Nora is the wife of John Zum- walt ; and after losing their only child in infancy, they have adopted a daughter, Amelia, who is now living with them in Pike county, Missouri. Janie C. is the wife of Bob Nunn. Bliss Blanche is the wife of R. A. Shive, and has two children : Huron Turner and George Buren. Air. and Mrs. Shive are members of the Baptist church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful part, Mr. Shive now serving as one of the deacons. The family are all active church workers, and their labors have contributed in substantial measure to the growth of the church and the extension of its influence. Mr. Shive be- long.s to the Grand Army post at Nebo, and has been a blaster .Mason for fortv \ears, passing through all of the chairs. He is now affiliated with Pleasant Hill lodge, A. F. & A. M., Pitts- fi-eld chapter. No. 10, R. A. M., and the council, and commandery, No. 49, K. T. He has served as a delegate to the grand lodge at Chicago, and has several times been a visiting member to the grand lodge. His first presidential vote was cast for Stephen A. Douglas, and since that time he has been a stanch republican. He served for several terms as school trustee and coroner, but has never been active in politics as an office seeker, preferring to give his time and attention to his business affairs, to his children and to his church. He also takes great delight in reading; and in this way is constantly broadening his knowledge, keeping in touch with the current of modern thought and progress. J. C. BROWN. J. C. Brown, who is extensively engaged in farming in Pleasant Vale township, resides two and a half miles south of New Canton upon a farm, which in its thrifty appearance indicates his careful supervision and practical methods. He was born in this township, February 13, i855> his parents being Andrew and Nancy (Shewie) Brown. The father came to Pike county at an early day and as the years passed by he won for himself a creditable position in agricultural cir- cles, owning and operating a farm of two hundred acres, whereby he provided a comfortable living for his family. He had four children, of whom only one survives — J. C. of this review. The father was but thirty-two years of age at the time of his death but he is still survived by the mother, who now makes her home with her son, J. C. Brown. To the public-school system of Pike county Mr. Brown of this review is indebted for the educational privileges which he enjoyed and which claimed much of his attention during the period of his youth. He was married July 24, 1884, to Miss Rachel Rankin, who was born in New Salem and was a daughter of Hugh and Rachel PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 559 (Stewart) Rankin, of Irish descent. Her par- ents came to America from Ireland^ in early life and in their family were seven children, of whom five are yet living. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have but one child, Andrew Carson, who was born December 5, 1890, and is under the parental roof. J. C. Brown is the owner of the old home farm which was left to him and his brother and his entire life has been devoted to the tilling to the tilling of the soil and to stock-raising. He owns here three hundred and seventeen acres of land, which is very arable, and the productive fields annually yield rich harvests. The farm is situ- ated on sections 26 and 27, Pleasant Vale town- ship, along the bluff. He raises the various cereals best adapted to soil and climate and also has con- siderable stock upon his place, raising a large number of hogs and breeding Aberdeen Angus cattle. The farm is well fenced and is divided into fields of convenient size. The buildings are in good repair and furnish ample shelter for grain and stock. He has also erected a beautiful residence, which forms one of the pleasing fea- tures of the landscape in this part of the county. The passerby does not need to inquire concerning the character of the owner of this property for his sterling qualities are manifested in the fine appearance of his place. In politics he is a democrat and for some years has served as school trustee. His fraternal relations are with the Mod- ern Woodmen camp at New Canton, but the number of his friends is not limited by his mem- bership in this organization, as he is widely and favorably known throughout the county, where his entire life has been passed. JOHN G. SLEIGHT. John G. Sleight is a representative of farming interests in Griggsville township and a well im- proved property is the visible evidence of his life of earnest labor, careful management and pro- gressive and practical methods. He was born in Lincolnshire, near Boston, England, June 12, 1840, his parents being John G. and Rebecca (Walker) Sleight, both of whom were natives of the same country. John G. Sleight, father of our subject, was born in 1805 and was reared to the occupation of farming and after arriving' at years of maturity was married in England in 1826 to Miss Rebecca W alktr, who was born near Boston, Lincolnshire, and represented one of the old families of that locality, being a daughter of Thomas Walker, who was reared in the same county and there devoted his life to farming. He was married in Lin- colnshire to Miss Hannah Crawford and they remained residents of that locality until called to the home beyond. The members of the Sleight family belonged to the Wesleyan Methodist church, while the Walkers were members of the church of England. Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. John G. Sleight, Sr., remained resi- dents of England until 1857, when they crossed the Atlantic to America, arriving at Griggsville on the 28th of October. The voyage across the water was made in a steamer to New York city, . whence they proceeded westward by way of Chicago and took up their abode in Flint town- ship, Pike county, where the father turned his attention to farming. He prospered in his under- takings and at one time was the owner of about five hundred acres of valuable land located on section 6, Flint township. Nearly all of this was wild timber land when it came into his possession, but he wrought a marked transformation in the appearance of the place, bringing much of the property under a high state of cultivation. He continuel to engage successfully in general farm- ing up to the time of his demise, which occurred when he reached the advanced age of eighty-two, years. He held membership in the Wesleyan Methodist church, of which his wife was also a devoted member and his political support was given to the republican party. His wife, who was born in 1802, died in 1862. They were well known residents of Pike county, respected by all who knew them. In their family were two sons and six daughters, all of whom finally came to this country and settled in Illinois. Of this number four are now living : Betsy, who mar- ried John Culley, a resident of Falls City, Nebraska ; Ann, the wife of R. N. Long, of Jack- 500 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. son county, Kansas ; Mary, the wife of Joseph AVilson, who is Hving in FHnt township; and John G. In the subscription and pubhc schools John G. Sleight acquired his education and when seven- teen years of age came to America with his par- ents. At the age of twenty-six years he started out in life on his own account having up to this time assisted his father in the operation of the home farm. He first purchased eighty acres of land in 1865 and as the years passed and his financial resources increased he added to his prop- erty until he now owns four hundred and eighty acres of valuable land, which is well improved. In 1882 he built a fine home, in which he now resides and on the farm are large and commodious barns, carriage sheds and other outbuildings. He and his son breed polled Angus cattle and German coach horses and raise from two to three hundred head of hogs each year. He is well known as a stock-raiser and feeder and his business is extensive and profitable. On the 1st of March, 1866, Mr. Sleight was married to Miss Ruth Reynolds, who was born in Clermont county, Ohio, September 24, 1837, a daughter of Aaron and ^lary Ann (Forsythe) Reynolds. Her father was born in New York, Feb- ruary 17, 1808, and died October 24, 1862. He had been married in Brown county, Ohio, Novem- ber 13, 1828, to Miss Mary Ann Forsythe, whose birth occurred in the Buckeye state, July 17, 1810, while her death occurred in Illinois, August 13, 1886. They came to Pike county in 1847, settling in Griggsville township among its early residents. Mr. Reynoldspurchased timber and prai- rie land and became a pioneer farmer, doing his' plowing with oxen, grubbing up the stumps, clearing the fields and ultimately placing under a high state of cultivation the farm of one hundred and twenty acres which he first purchased. He ex- tended the boundaries of his property until it comprised one hundred and sixty-seven acres. He acted as school director for a number of years and was a member of the Christian church, while his political allegiance was given to the democ- racy. In his family were eleven children, of whom seven are now living: Mrs. Rebecca Newman, of Griggsville ; Eli, who resides in Cofifeyville, Kan- sas; John P., of Mounds, Missouri; Mrs. Sleight; Daniel B., who is living in California; Mrs. Lu- cretia W. Harrington, of Griggsville; and Naa- man D., who is living in California. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Sleight have been born two children : Charles Walker, born November 21, 1868, married Jennie June Harvey, and their children are Hazel E. and Harvey L. Mary L., born August 23, 1870, is the wife of Fred A. Clark and has two children, Mary Ruth and Frank J. Mr. Sleight is a member of Griggsville lodge No. 45, A. F. & A. M., belongs to the Baptist church and votes with the democracy. Mrs. Sleight belongs to the Baptist church a;:d is a lad}' of culture and refinement who, like her husband, shares in the warm regard of many friends in this county. Coming to America when a A^oung man, John G. Sleight readily adapted himself to new and altered conditions and in an active business career has steadily worked his way upward. GEORGE M. SMITH. On the roster of county officials in Pike county appears the name of George M. Smith with the shrievalt)'. He was elected to his present office on the 1st of December, 1902, by the vote of his fellow citizens, many of whom have known him from boyhood and thus express their confidence and trust in his public-spirited citizenship and capability. He was born in Perry township in 1862 and upon the home farm was reared. Hs parents were William W. and Frances (Brown) Smith, natives of Virginia. Leaving the Old Dominion they spent a few years in the state of Ohio and came to Pike county, Illinois, in 1857, settling in Perry township. The father was for years prominent among the early residents of tlie county and was a successful farmer and stock-raiser, who devoted his entire life to agri- cultural pursuits and at the time of his death owned four hundred and fifteen acres of fine farm land, fifty acres of which was covered with an orchard of apples and pear trees. Mr. Smith was a zealous worker in all afifairs of church and GEORGE M. SMITH PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 563 state. After an active life he was called to a well merited rest, January 12, 1901, being at that time sixty-seven years of age, his wife sur- viving him for four years, passing away May 10, 1905. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, exercising an influence for good in the church and also in the community in which they lived. His political allegiance was given to the democracy and he belonged to Perry lodge, No. 95, A. F. & A. M., and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Both he and his wife were early residents of the county and dur- ing the long years in which they made their home within its borders were regarded as worthy and valuable citizens, belonging to that class who uphold the poltical, moral and educational status of the community. There were five children in the Smith family : Ella V., now the wife of William E. James, of Perry township ; Harvey D., of Detroit township ; George M., of Pitts- field; and Nettie and Ida May, who died in child- hood. At the usual age George M. Smith entered the public schools and pursued his studies until he had mastered the common branches of English learning. Through the periods of vacation he worked in the fields and the greater part of his active life has been devoted to farming. He was thus engaged up to the time of his election to his present office. For several years he lived in Griggsville township, where he was prominent among the farmers and stock dealers, buying stock, which he shipped to the St. Louis, Chicago and Buffalo markets. From his boyhood he evinced a strong interest in politics and in 1899 was a candidate for supervisor of Griggsville township, where his popularity was attested by the large majorty given him. In 1901 he was re-elected but soon afterward resigned to be- come a candidate for the office of sheriff. In 1902 Mr. Smith received his party's nomination and being elected to the position entered upon its duties on the ist of December, 1902, for a four-years' term. In this capacity he has served his county faithfully through various crises. He still owns a valuable farm of one hundred and seventy-five acres of fine land in Perry town- ship well adapted to farming and stock-raising 28 and his orchard of apple and pear trees covers twenty-five acres. When twenty-two years of age Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Hattie Wilkins, who was born in Warren county, Indiana, February 16, 1864, and was a daughter of Augustus and Elizabeth (Campbell) Wilkins, natives of Indi- ana. By this marriage there were born two children: Granville Odell, who was born Au- gust 10, 1886, and at the age of nineteen years is cashier of the bank at Hillview, Illinois, after having graduated in 1904 from the Gem City Business College at Quincy ; and George Wil- liam, who was born August 21, 1898, and is now a public-school student. In 1904 Mr. Smith was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who after several months of patient suffering passed away June 22d of that year. She was a devoted and faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which Mr. Smith also belongs. Mr. Smith is a member of the Masonic fraternity, .as is also his brother, and the father also affiliated with the craft. The three were members of the chapter, the Ro3'al Arch degree being conferred upon all of them at one time — an unprecedented occurrence in the county. Mr. Smith likewise belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity, the Modern Woodmen camp and Pike County Mu- tual Life Association. He has a wide and fa- vorable acquaintance in the county where his en- tire life has been passed and his citizenship has been of a character that has commanded uniform admiration and led to a;ood results. CALEB T. BROWNING. Caleb T. Browning, who after many years of active and successful connection with farming interests in Pike county, is now living a retired life in Perry, was born in Pendleton county, Kentucky, June 23, 1827. His parents, Caleb and Penelope (Powers) Browning, were also natives of the same state, the former born October 19, 1800, and the latter January 5, 1805. In Novem- ber, 1833, the father left Augusta, Kentucky, with his family and journeyed to Illinois by way of S64 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. the river route, arriving at Naples in the month of December. There was onl)- one house in Perry at that time and all of Pike county was but par- tially improved, only here and there a cabin in- dicating the advance of civilization. Mr. Brown- ing entered eighty acres of timber land and eighty acres of prairie land and built thereon a log cabin nineteen feet square. He split the clapboards him- self and made the floor of oak timber. He cleared the first season a tract sufficient to raise thereon a crop of corn, gathering enough for his own use and also some to sell. In the spring of 1837 he re- moved to his prairie land whereon he had built a hous^, living there until 1845. He then burned brick, from which he erected a fine residence, continuing to make it his home until 1850, when he removed to Kansas. He owned at one time about four hundred acres of Illinois land. Fol- lowing his arrival in the Sunflower state he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land, which he improved and on which he spent his remaining days. In 1839 he was chosen justice of the peace in Pike county and filled the office until the spring of 1843. I" early life he was a member of the Baptist church but afterward united with the Christian church. His political support was given to the whig party. He passed away in Rice count)-, Kansas, August 25, 1880, while his wife died January 25, 1841. Their mar- riage was celebrated near Germantown, Kentucky, October 6, 1825, and they became the parents of seven children, of whom five are now living, namely : Caleb T. ; J. M., who married Mrs. Gardner; William P.; Sarah; and Abigail, the wife of Joseph Horton. No event of special importance occurred to varv the routine of farm life for Caleb T. Browning in his boyhood days. He pursued his education in Perry and worked in his father's fields from the time of early spring planting until crops were harvested in the autumn. In 1848, when twenty- one years of age, he started out in life on his own account upon a tract of forty acres, which his father gave to him. He cultivated that place ■until 1854, when he sold out and bought the old homestead of ninety acres, on which he con- tinued to reside until 1881, when he purchased the Peter Brower farm, continuing its improve- ment and development until the 4th of Novem- ber, 1904, when he left his farm and took up his abode in the village of Perry. Mr. Browning still owns a farm of one hundred and sixteen acres in Perry township. Mr. Browning has been married twice. On the loth of February, 1853, he wedded Mary Ann Carpenter, who was born February 6, 1837, and died May 27, 1872. She was a daughter of Teilman and Elizabeth (Cooper) Carpenter, the former born In 1805 and the latter in 1818. Mr. Carpenter was a pioneer settler of Pike county, coming to this state from Tennessee, while his wife was a native of Kentucky. They arrived here prior to the advent of the Browning family in this part of the state and Mr. Carpenter died in 1841, while his wife passed away in 1886. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Browning were born nine children, of whom five are yet living : Fannie, who was born October 9, 1857, and is the wife of Jacob Riley ; Frank, who was born March 27, i860, and was married in 1886 to Edith Bolton; Lula, who was born ~\lay 31, 1862, and is the wife of C. M. Bradbury; Harvey who was born December 7, 1865, and married Ellen Lacksheide; and Allie, who was born March 9, 1864, and married Melissa Herring. After losing his first wife Mr. Browning was again married, the second union being with Miss Gillie LaRue, whom he wedded April i, 1874. She was born February 24, 1844, and was a daughter of Thomas R. and Margaret (Williams) LaRue. They were married in Missouri, where they lived for a number of years and then came to Perry, Pike county, Illinois, where the father was a black- smith and conducted a shop, spending his re- maining days in Perry. At one time Mrs. Gillie Browning was a school teacher. Her death oc- curred March 14, 1905, when she had reached the age of sixty-one years. By the second marriage there were six children, of whom four are yet living : Edna, Maggie, May and Maud. Of these Maggie is now the wife of Ralph Walker and has two sons. One child of Mr. and Mrs. Brown- ing died in infancy, while Roy died December 10, 1903; Mr. Browning belongs to the Christian church and in politics is independent, voting for men and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. S65 measures rather than party. He has now reached the seventy-eighth milestone on life's journey and for long years has been a resident of Pike county, few of its settlers antedating his arrival here. He is therefore familiar with its history, his mind bearing the impress of the early historic annals of the county. He has borne the usual hardships of pioneer life, has undergone the vicissitudes that are typical of frontier settle- ment, and as the years have passed has won pros- perity through well directed effort and now is enabled to enjo)^ a well earned rest in honorable retirement from further labor. WILLIAM THIELE. William Thiele, extensively engaged in the raising of Poland China hogs and Shropshire sheep, was born in the village of Perry, April 4, 1853, and is of German descent,, his parents, William and Katharine (Wetzel) Thiele, having been born in Germany, in which country they were reared and married. The father's birth occurred October 25, 1822; and, believing that he might better his financial condition in the new world he made arrangements for leaving his native country in 1849, sailing from Bremen, Germany, to New Orleans on a sailing vessel, which re- quired thirteen weeks to make the trip. He af- terward proceeded vip the Mississippi river to St. Louis, where he remained for a few months, and then crossed the river to Quincy, Illinois. He came to the village of Perry in 1852, and hav- ing learned the shoemaker's trade in. early lifc^^. he there followed that pursuit during the early period of his residence in Pike county. In 1858, however, he located on a farm south of Perry, where he spent his remaining days, giving his attention to the tilling of the soil and to stock- raising. He never cared for public office, but kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day, and gave his political allegiance to the republican party. He held membership in the Baptist church, while his wife was a member of the German Lutheran church. He took a very active part in church work and contributed gen- erously to its support. He was one of the mem- bers who built the present house of worship in Perry at a cost of six thousand dollars; and he did everything in his power to promote the va- rious church activities. He passed away April 10, 1903, while his wife departed this life August 4. 1890, at the age of seventy-one years, two months and twenty-six days. In their family were eight children, of whom three yet survive, nameh' : William ; Amelia, the wife of Frank Vose, of Perry township; and Mary E., the wife of Herman Reese, of Perry township. In his boyhood days William Thiele of this re- view attended school and assisted his father upon the home farm. When twent)'-one vears of age he entered upon an independent business career by working as a farm hand and later renting part of his father's farm. In the fall of 1878 with the capital that he had acquired from his own earn- ings, and with his father's help, he purchased one hundred acres of land. There was a small house upon his place, which he occupied until 1890, when he erected his present commodious and comfortable residence. He feeds between eighty and one hundred head of hogs each year, and is engaged in breeding Poland China swine. He also breeds Shropshire sheep, and has sixtv head at the present time. His farm comprises one hundred and forty acres of rich and produc- tive land, and the place is well improved. On the 25th of August, 1874, Mr. Thiele was married to Miss Loretta Beavers, who died April 24, 1878. She was born in Scott county, Illi- nois, in Februar}-, 1852, and by her marriage be- came the mother of two children, but both are now deceased. On the 8th of March, 1880, Mr. Thiele wedded Clara W'endling, who was born February 17, 1859, in Perry township. Thev have become the parents of eleven children, of whom nine are yet living : Edward ; Orilla, the wife of Percy Chenoweth, of Perry ; Leona ; Wil- liam R. : CharlesF. ;Herman J. ;01iverW. : Frede- rick L. ; and James L. A daughter of the first marriage, Lillie, was born September 21. 1875, became the wife of Fenton Robinson and died May 15, 1898, leaving an infant daughter. She possessed many sterling traits of character, and won the love and esteem of all with whom she 566 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. came in contact, so that her death was deeply de- plored not only by her immediate family, but by many friends. The parents of the present Mrs. Thiele were Michael and Sophia (Thiele) Wend- ling, both of whom were natives of Germany, whence they came to America at an early dav. The father was a cooper by trade and lived in Perry for about two years, after which he re- moved to Quincy, Illinois, and subsequently to the vicinity of Hannibal, Missouri, where he followed coopering. In his family were eight children, all of whom are yet living, namely : Mrs. Thiele, Julia, Mary, Delia, Victor, Amiel, Paulina and Oral. Mr. Thiele is a stalwart republican, and has served for one term as assessor while for the past fifteen years he has been school director, the cause of education finding in him a warm and stalwart friend. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and the Modern Woodmen camp, also to the Anti-Horse Thief Association, and in the last named he has held all of the offices. He is re- garded as a wide-awake, alert and enterprising man, watchful of oportunities, and ready in his recognition of all indications pointing to success. Moreover, he is thoroughly honest in his dealings, and his good name and prosperity are equally creditable. THOMAS B. GRAY. Thomas B. Gray, who since 1863 has resided upon his present farm in New Salem township, is now the owner of three hundred and forty acres of valuable land, which is the visible evidence of a life of well directed effort and thrift. He is a native of Clermont county, Ohio, the date of his birth being July 13, 1837. His parents were Thomas and Catherine (Bennett) Gray, who came to Pike county in 1846. The father was born in Ohio in 1812, and the mother's birth oc- curred in Maine in 1798. The paternal grand- father was a native of Virginia, and both he and his son, Thomas Gray, Sr., now rest in New Salem cemetery. On coming to Pike county, Thomas Gray settled in New Salem township after a three months' residence in Griggsville. He purchased land from the government; and his son Thomas still has the patent to that land, signed by Martin Van Buren, then president of the United States. Mr. Gray owned three hun- dred and twenty acres, and was extensively en- gaged in farming, and also conducted a black- smith shop upon his place. He improved his land, made additions to the house and developed an excellent farm not far from the present home of Thomas B. Gray. His attention was largely given to the cultivation of wheat; and he also raised hogs. He was practical in his methods, systematic in his work and therefore successful in his accomplishment. In community affairs he was deeply interested, and did all in his power to promote public progress and improvement. He served as county treasurer about 1870; and his influence was ever given on the side of progress, reform and general advancement. In his family were five children: Thomas B., of this review; Marion, who is living in California; Ann, de- ceased; Theodore, a resident of Pittsfield; and Alabama, who has also departed this life. Thomas B. Gray was a youth of about nine years when brought by his parents to Illinois, and in the common schools of Pike county he ac- quired his education. He was reared to farm la- bor, early becoming familiar with the work of field and meadow, as he assisted his father in the operation of the home farm. He purchased a part of his present property in 1862, and has since lived thereon, developing a splendid farm, the boundaries of which he has extended until he now owns three hundred and forty acres of valuable land in New Salem township. He erected a two- story residence, constituting one of the most beau- tiful and attractive homes in the township. In the rear of this are good barns and outbuildings, and these in turn are surrounded by well tilled fields. His farm is under a high state of cultiva- tion and is well improved. He raises sheep, hogs and mules, and is well known as a stock dealer. He also gives personal supervision to the opera- tion of his farm, and annually sells good crops, which add materially to his bank account. In 1863 Mr. Gray was united in marriage to Miss Martha A. Tedrow, who was born July 10, 1844, in New Salem township, not far from the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 567 birthplace of her husband. She is a daughter of Asa and Sarah (Davis) Tedrow. Her father came to Pike county in 1836, thus casting in his lot with its pioneer residents ; and he, too, gave his time and energies to farming. In his family were five children, of whom three are now living, namely : Mrs. Gray ; Samuel, who resides in New Salem township ; and Mrs. Mary Bradbury, who is living in Pike county, Missouri. Mr. and Mrs. Gray have a family of eight children : Al- fred R., who married Sarah Shaffner and is liv- ing in New Salem township; Iva E., the wife of Samuel Laird, also a resident of New Salem township; Edgar F., of California; Ora M., the wife of Charles Bennett, a resident farmer of Griggsville township ; Ralph B., who married Mabel Wood and lives upon the home farm ; Ev- erett E., who is now in California; C. May at home; and Vera Pearl, who is also under the pa- rental roof. The children have been afforded good educational privileges, and are thus well quali- fied for life's practical and responsible duties. Al- fred attended business college in Jacksonville, Illinois. Ralph was a student in Whipple Acad- emy at Jacksonville. Everett learned the jew- eler's trade in Peoria, and May was for two years a student in the Woman's College at Jacksonville. Mr. and Mrs. Gray and their family are de- voted members of the Methodist church, to which he is a liberal contributor; and he gives his po- litical support to the prohibition party, but was formerly a democrat. He has served as school director, assessor and collector; and is interested in all that pertains to the welfare and improve- ment of his community. He is also devoted to the welfare of his family, and his efforts in their behalf have been far-reaching and beneficial. It is no unusual thing in this country for a man to work his way upward from a humble position to one of affluence, but each one who does this de- serves commendation; for it shows his strength of character, his earnest purpose and unremitting diligence. Realizing that those qualities consti- tute the basis of financial advancement, Mr. Gray directed his efforts along those lines, and found that they were substantial elements for the build- ing of prosperity. In the community where he resides he is popular; and he has a wide and fa- vorable acquaintance throughout the county. Moreover, he is numbered among its pioneer settlers, having through sixty years resided within its borders. This has covered almost the entire period of its development and progress ; and the changes which have been wrought have trans- formed it from a wild frontier region into a thickly settled district, giving every evidence of progress and prosperity. His memory goes back to the time when much of the farm labor was done by hand, when travel was by private conveyance or by stage and when few of the comforts and luxuries now common were to be enjoyed. His father broke his land with nine yoke of oxen ; and hauled his grain to Hannibal, which city, in those early days, was the nearest market. His mind forms a connecting link between the primi- tive past and the progressive present ; and no man rejoices more sincerely in what has been accom- plished, as the years have gone by, than does Thomas B. Gray. SYLVESTER S. GAINES. Sylvester S. Gaines is the owner of a valuable farm of two hundred and forty-five acres in the midst of which stands a fine home. This place is located on sections 18 and 19, Barry township, and its well improved appearance indicates his careful supervision. He was born in Kinder- hook township, July 25, i860, and was educated in the public schools, and in a business college at Hannibal, Missouri. His parents were Samuel B. and Mary A. (Fitzpatrick) Gaines. The fa- ther is the owner of a large farm in Kinderhook township. He was born in Otsego county, New York, April 19, 1821, and was a son of Ebene- zer Gaines, a pioneer of that district, who was a native of Kentucky, in which state he was reared. He wedded Ann Blakesley, also a native of Con- necticut. They were married in Hartford county, and afterward removed to New York, where Ebe- nezer Gaines followed farming until his death, at the age of thirty-five years. In his family were six children, three sons and three daughters. Of this number Samuel B. Gaines was the fourth 568 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. child and third son. He remained in the Empire state until twent_v-one years of age, when he went to Ohio, where he engaged in the clock business for a time. Subsequently he continued in the same line in Tennessee for eighteen months. After his return to Ohio, he was married in June, 1844, to Miss Margaret M. Twaddle, a native of Huron county, Ohio. They came to Pike county soon afterward ; and Mrs. Gaines died here Mafch 6, 1849. Mr. Gaines afterward wedded Mary Fitz- patrick, who was born in Butler county, Ohio, February 8, 183 1, and in 1838 came to Pike county with her parents, Thomas and Lydia Fitz- patrick, who were pioneer settlers of Kinder- hook township. In their family were ten chil- dren. Mrs. Gaines was reared in the usual man- ner of the pioneer times ; and her education was acquired in a log schoolhouse. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel B. Gaines had two sons and four daughters, namely : E. N. Gaines, of Kinderhook, Illinois ; Minnie Jeffries, of Monroe City, Missouri; Mrs. A. J. Ligett, of Barry, Ilh- nois ; Mrs. J. W. Clutch, Kinderhook, Illinois ; Miss Lydia A. Gaines, Kinderhook, Illinois. It was in 1846 that Samuel Gaines arrived in Illinois; and the following year he was joined by his wife, their home being established on sec- tion 26, Kinderhook township, on a tract of land of one hundred and ninety acres. There he re- sided until i860, when he turned his attention to merchandising in the village of Kinderhook, at the same time carrying on his farming pursuits. As his financial resources increased he made ex- tensive investments in land ; and at one time had si.x hundred acres, but has since disposed of much of this at a good price, still retaining, however, three hundred and thirty-seven and a half acres. He likewise handled grain; and this proved a good business undertaking. His farm is well equipped with all modern accessories and con- veniences ; and he has an attractive home in Kin- derhook, beside four other dwellings and a sub- stantial store building. His life has been one of untiring industry and "enterprise, and though he started out in life empty-handed, he is now one of the substantial residents of the county. In all of his business dealings he has been straight- forward and honorable, and in public life has manifested the utmost loyalty to the trust reposed in him. He has been called to various township offices, and has been for many years postmaster of Kinderhook. He belongs to the Masonic fra- ternity, votes with the republican party and is one of the leading members of the Baptist church, in which he has long held office. Sylvester S. Gaines was reared under the pa- ternal roof, attended the public schools, and early became familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. On the 28th of December, 1883, he married Miss Frances Grubb, a daughter of LaFayette and Temperance (Coleman) Grubb. Her father was born in Ken- tucky in 1818, and died in June, 1893, while his wife, who was born in Virginia in 1818, passed away in May, 1892. He was a son of the Hon. Alfred Grubb, one of the first settlers of Pike county. LaFayette Grubb came to this county with his parents when a young lad, and later re- moved to Peru, LaSalle county, Illinois, where he married and followed his trade as a plasterer and stone mason. At one time he was the owner of a half block in the city of Peru. Unto him and his wife were born four daughters : Isabelle, the wife of William Morrow, a resident of Peru, IIH- nois ; Emma, the wife of Wilson J. Morrow, also of that city ; Angeline, the wife of Leonard Frink, of Peru ; and Mrs. Gaines, who was born October 26, 1858. After Mr. Gaines had completed his education, he worked for his father, clerking in a store. In 1881 he purchased forty acres of land, and car- ried on farming on the old homestead. Subse- quent to his marriage, he added to his landed pos- sessions until at the present time he owns two hundred and forty-five acres, which he is cultivat- ing. He has his fields well tilled ; and he annually harvests good crops. He has built a fine resi- dence, in the rear of which stand good barns and other outbuildings ; and the farm is pleasantly lo- cated three-fourths of a mile east of Kinderhook. He is a breeder of Belgian draft horses, and also the Bashaw stock of fine drivers, Shropshire sheep and Poland China hogs. He is like- wise a buyer and feeder of cattle and as a stock man has become well known. He also has a large commercial orchard in section 18. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 569 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gaines has been born one daughter, Irma A., born October 6, 1891. In his poHtical views Mr. Gaines is a republican. Both he and his wife are members of the Baptist church at Kinderhook, and he belongs to Kinderhook lodge, No. 757, I. O. O. F., in which he has acted as noble grand, while both he and his wife are members of Chrysanthemum lodge, No. 133, of the Re- bekah degree. He has acted as road commissioner, but otherwise has held no office, preferring to devote his time and energies to his business affairs, and is a well known farmer of the community who has worked diligently and persistently as the years have gone by until success crowned his efforts and he is the owner of a good and productive property. WILLIAM L. OAKLEY. William L. Oakley, living in Pleasant Hill, was for years a prosperous farmer and stock- raiser, but is now living retired. He has lived in this county since 1867, having arrived here when about twenty-eight years of age. His birth occurred in Meigs county, Ohio, on the 23d of September, 1839, his parents being Bennett and Phebe (Humphry) Oakley, both of whom were natives of the state of New York, where they were reared and married. Removing westward to Ohio, they became pioneer settlers of Meigs county. The paternal grandfather, Daniel Oakley, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. Bennett Oakley followed the occupation of farming and ■and also owned and operated a sawmill, being thus connected with industrial as well as agricul- tural pursuits in his home locality. He developed a good farm in Meigs county, reared his family thereon and gave his attention to the tilling of the soil for a long period. He reached the very advanced age of ninety-three years and his wife survived him for ten years, being about the same age at the time of her demise. In their family were ten children, nine of whom reached adult age, but only five are now living, namely : Mrs. Mary Armstrong, of Kansas; Mrs. Abigail Anderson, also of Kansas; Lucian and Orion, both of Missouri. William L. Oakley of this review spent the days of his boyhood upon the old home farm in Meigs county, Ohio. His educational privileges were quite limited, but his training at farm labor was not meager and he continued to assist in the work of the fields until after the inauguration of the Civil war, when in August, 1862, he res- ponded to his country's call for aid, enlisting in Company B, One LIundred and Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. A large part of this com- pany was made up in the schoolroom and the teacher, Edwin Keyes, was elected captain. Mr. Oakley participated in the battle of Morefield and was afterward on detached duty. Becoming ill with measles he was sent to the hospital at Cumberland, Maryland, and later was honor- ably discharged in May, 1863, on account of physical disability. Returning to his home in Ohio, where he re- cuperated, Mr, Oakley was then married in No- vember, 1864, to Miss Sarah Griffin, who was born, reared and educated in Athens county, Ohio. Her father, Daniel Griffin, was also a native of that county and was married there to Rhoda Fleak, who was also born in the Buckeve state. Following his marriage Mr. Oakley re- sided in Ohio for two years and in 1867 came to Illinois, settling in Pike county, where he engaged in the cultivation of a rented farm for several years. During that time be carefully saved his earnings and then purchased seventy acres of land, after which he began the improve- ment of this property which he transformed into a highly cultivated tract. He has built upon this a good house, has fenced the place, has planted an orchard and in connection with the tilling of the soil he raised and fed stock. , In 1891, how- ever, he sold the farm and removed to Pleasant Hill, where he purchased a lot and erected a neat substantial residence, which he now occupies. Unto ^Ir, and Mrs Oakley have been born three children : Charles, who was postmaster at Pleas- ant Hill about thirteen years resigning on account of poor health and is now living in the state of Washington ; Lucian E., who is married to Archie R. Taylor, of St. Louis, Missouri, and follows 570 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY furniture and undertaking business in Pleasant Hill ; and Clarence, who was married to Winona Harvey, of Nebo, Illinois, and holds a position in the Pleasant Plill post office. They haye one son, Everett E. The family have long occupied an enviable position in social circles in this com- munity. Politically Mr. Oakley is a republican and his sons have followed in his footsteps in this direct- ion. He has been without aspiration for office, however, preferring that his time and energies should be given to other interests. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Pleasant Hill and he holds relations with the Knights of Honor, the Modern Wood- men and the Grand Army post at Pleasant Hill. He is one of the few surviving veterans of the Civil war and he takes great pleasure in meeting with his old army comrades around the camp fires held by the post in this village. In a review of his life work it is seen that his chief character- istics have been commendable and that in his relations with his fellowmen he has never been neglectful of the duties nor obligations which devolve upon him. He has taken life seriously, has performed his full share of the world's work and as a citizen and business man has made a creditable record. Now in the evening of life he is enabled to enjo}' a well earned rest amid the comforts and luxuries which go to make life worth living. GEORGE E. GRAY. George E. Gra)', one of the enterprising and progressive young business men of New Canton, owns and controls a good lumberyard and at the same time has valuable farming interests in the county. Pie was born in Chicago, Illinois, Janu- ary lo, 1881, and is the adopted son of Eugene and Lydia Gray, natives of this county. Eugene Gray was born in Barry in September, 1839, and for a number of years prior to his death was the oldest native citizen of the town. He was de- scended from one of the early New England fam- ilies, tracing his ancestr}' back to John Gray, who was born in Salem, Connecticut, in 1704, and who was the father of Daniel Gray, whose birth oc- curred in the same state in 1757. The latter became a resident of Rensselaer county, New York, where Thomas Gray, father of Eugene Gray, was born in 1812, being the youngest in a family of thirteen children. In that county he was married to Mary F. Crandall, whose birth occurred in the same lo- cality in 1820, and for more than a half century they traveled life's journey together, rearing a family of three sons and seven daughters. On leaving New York Thomas Gray came at once to Pike county, Illinois, traveling by canal, lake and river after the primitive manner of those early times. He began business in Barry as a general farmer, and for many years was actively associ- ated with the agricultural development of this part of the state. Eugene Gray was reared in Barry and in early life began teaching but subsequently turned his attention to clerking and to various other business pursuits, but when his capital justified his pur- chase of a store he began business on his own ac- count in Barry, thus continuing a representative of trade interests until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when his patriotic spirit was aroused and he offered his services to the government, be- coming one of the boys in blue of the Sixty- eighth Illinois Infantry in 1862. He was after- ward a member of the Twenty-Eighth Illinois In- fantry and he continued at the front until April, 1866, when he was mustered out at Brownsville, Texas, being honorably discharged at Springfield. He participated in a number of engagements and sieges, the last being that of Mobile and he was ever a faithful soldier, unfaltering in his loyalty to the old flag and the cause it represented. When the countr}' no longer needed his aid ?^Ir. Gray returned to his home and resumed the pursuits of agricultural life and until 1867 busied himself as a teacher and clerk. He next entered into partnership with W. H. Odiorne and at the end of a year he sold out to Mr. M. D. Massie but remained in the store as a clerk. A year later he entered into partnership with Mr. Massie and they continued the business together with grati- fying success until 1883, when Mr. Gray sold out with the intention of going west but he did not find a favorable location and returned to New EUGENE GRAY PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY 573 Canton, again becoming a merchant of the town. He prospered as a representative of commercial interests and in other business hnes as well. He sold railroad ties for a number of years, employ- ing on an average of thirty men in getting out these ties and he had full control of the trade for the Quincy & Louisiana branch of the Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. In i860 Mr. Gray cast his first presidential bal- lot for Abraham Lincoln and continued a stanch republican, serving twice as a delegate to the state conventions, while his opinions carried weight and influence in the local councils of his party. He filled the office of supervisor and treasurer of Pleasant Vale township and was also postmaster of New Canton. Socially he was con- nected with the Odd Fellows lodge at Rarr)-, with the Modern Woodmen of America and the Grand Army of the Republic and of all these was an exemplary and valued representative. His wife held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. On the 8th of January, 1878, Mr. Gray was married to Lydia R. Ware, who was born in Barry, February 28, 1847, ^"d acquired her education in the public schools here, her parents being Isaac and Mary Ware, who in 1839 became residents of this locality. Mr. Ware was born in New Jersey but was reared in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he learned the shoemaker's trade and his death occurred in Barry in 1876. His wife, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, spent her girlhood days in that city and in Philadel- phia. Mrs. Gray was the tenth in order of birth in a family of eleven children. She had no chil- dren of her own but reared an adopted daughter and son, Jennie and George E. Gray. The latter "was but eight months old when brought by his foster parents to Pike county and here he was reared and in their home received every care and attention that would have been bestowed upon an own child, his warmest affection therefore being aroused for his foster parents. As he grew in age and knowledge he became associated with Mr. Gray in his business enterprises and is his successor in different lines of trade here. He is tiow the proprietor of a large and well equipped lumberyard and receives in this line a good pat- ronage, while at the same time he gives careful supervision to his farming interests, which are represented by many acres, constituting a splen- did farm which is well improved. Both branches of his business are returning him a gratifying income and he is justly accounted one of the active and enterprising men of New Canton. On the 15th of April, 1902, he was married to' Miss Maude E. Myers, a daughter of William Myers, Jr., one of the practical and prosperous farmers of Barry township. His parents were William and Mary (Wike) Myers and his grand- father and great-grandfather both bore the name of Jacob Myers. The last mentioned was supposed to have been a native of Lancaster county, Penn- sylvania, whence he removed to Cumberland county, where he developed a farm and carried on blacksmithing. He was married to Margaret Marat and their son, Jacob Myers, was born in Cumberland county in 1795. Ultimately he be- came the owner of the old farm homestead there, upon which he resided until 1848, when he came to Pike county, where his death occurred at the age of seventy-six years. He married Lydia Lyne, a daughter of William Lyne, a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, where her death occurred. William Myers, Sr., grandfather of Mrs. Gray, was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, July 15, 1819, and came to Illinois in 1848, living in New Salem township for five years and then removed to the farm upon which William Myers, Jr., now resides. He was married in 1844 to Miss Mary Wike, a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of George and Mary Wike. Thus the Myers family became identified with the history of the county in early pioneer times. William Myers,' Jr., has always devoted his attention to general agricultural pur- suits, living coninuously in Pike county with the exception of one year spent in the stock business in Texas. He has good farming interests in Barry and Pleasant Vale townships and is one of the representative agriculturists of the locality. In 1880 he married Pauline Bright who was born in Pike county, October 2, 1858, a daughter of William and Rosella (Osburg) Bright. Mr. and Mrs. Myers became the parents of five chil- dren, the second daughter being Maude, now the 574 AST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. wife of George Gray, of New Canton. The)' now have an interesting little son, William Elliott. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gray have many warm friends in this locality and their attractive home is justly celebrated for its warm-hearted and gracious hospitality. DELBERT S. KENNEDY. Delbert S. Kennedy, a native son of Pike county, was born on the 2d of August, 1865, and is a son of John Kennedy, for many years a representative and well known citizen of this part of the state where he took up his abode in pioneer times. He was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, October 15, 1802, his par- ents being Gilbert and Jane (Aptleby) Kennedy, the former a native of Ireland and the latter of Pennsylvania. When only seven years of age Gilbert Kennedy was brought to the United States by his parents, who located in Pennsylvania, where he was reared. Following his marriage he lived in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, until his death, which occured when he was more than ninety-five )'ears of age, and his wife trav- eled to a similar extent upon the journey of life. They were faithful members of the Presbyterian church. John Kennedy was the eldest son in his father's family and was reared to farm life. He also followed teaming in early manhood and operated a stage line in Illinois for some years after his arrival here in 1836. He was well known in different parts of the state in this con- nection his most important route, however, being between Ouincy and Naples. Later he concen- trated his energies upon the improvement of a farm in Griggsville township, purchasing a tract of land on which the work of cultivation had scarcely been begun when it came into his pos- session. His farm comprised three hundred and twenty acres and he devoted his time and energies to its improvement until his death, which occurred October 3, 1883. Mr. Kennedy was married in early manhood to Miss Sarah J. 'Morrow, whose birth occurred in Franklin countv, Penn- sylvania, February 16, 1822, her parents being Michael and Elizabeth (Stark) Morrow, who were natives of New Jersey and were of Irish lineage. They removed to Franklin county, Ohio, when young people and were married there, after which they located upon a farm. Mrs. Morrow died in 1850, at the age of sixty-three years, in the faith of the Presbyterian church of which she was a devoted member. Following her death Mr. Morrow came to Illinois, spending his last days in the home of his daughter, Mrs. Kennedy, and passed away in 1852, at the age of sixty-four years. He voted with the democracy and was a member of the Presbyterian church. His daughter, Mrs. Kennedy, was carefully reared and in her early life acquired a good education which qualified her for teaching, which profession she followed for several years in Penn- sylvania, and also subsequent to her removal to Pike county, which occurred when she was twenty-three years of age. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy were members of the Methodist Epis- copal church ; and he voted with the republican party. They became the parents of nine chil- dren, one of whom died in infancy. The others are : Calvin A., who married Miss Ida Ingalsbe and resides in Missouri, where he follows farm- ing; James M., who wedded Mary Wheeler and lives in New Salem township ; Nancy, living at home ; Hardin J., who wedded Mary Belle Syphers and lives in Moscow, Idaho ; Albert, who married Ella Schaffner and resides in Mays- ville. Pike county; Oliver, who wedded Maggie Elhot and makes his home in Brown county, Illinois ; Stanton, who married Orpha Dunham and his living in Griggsville; and Delbert S., of this review. In the public schools of Pike county Delbert S. Kennedy acquired his education and upon the home farm has always remained. He now owns one hundred and sixty acres of land in Kansas in addition to a valuable tract of land of three hundred and ten acres in Griggsville township, to which he gives his personal supervision and attention. He carries on general farming and stock-raising and he also buys, feeds and ships stock. He is living upon the home place with his mother and sister Nancy and he manages the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 575 home property, which returns a good income, large crops being annually harvested, in return for the care and labor bestowed upon the fields. Mr. Kennedy is a repub- lican in politics and he is a member of the Orient Anti-Horse Thief Association. In his business affairs he has been very successful, being watch- ful of every opportunity pointing to prosperity and his earnest and well directed labors have made him one of the foremost farmers of this part of the state. THOMAS HULL. Thomas Hull, a retired farmer of Fairmount township, was born in Ross county, Ohio, June 20, 1830, and was a son of Samuel and Sophia Hull. The parents died during the early child- hood of their son Thomas, who then went to live with a half-brother, John Hull, with whom he remained until twenty-one years of age. He then left Ohio and came to Pike county, Illinois, in 1845, in company with his half-brother, who settled near the present home of our subject, pur- chasing there one hundred and sixty acres of land, which he converted into a good farm. He after- ward removed to Adams county, where he died. Following his removal to Illinois, Thomas Hull rented land for a time and then when he had earned sufficient capital to purchase a farm he made investment in property and has since bought and sold several farms. In February, 1865, he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land where he now resides and here he has lived con- tinuously since. The farm was partially improved when it came into his possession and he con- tinued clearing the place and adding to it modern equipments and accessories. He is engaged in raising stock in connection with the tilling of the soil. Thomas Hull was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Bowman, who was born in Scott county, Illinois, on the i8th of December, 1830, and died September 2, 1901. She was a daughter of Curtis Bowman, a farmer of New Salem township, who came to Pike county at an early day and was classed with the leading farmers of his com- munity. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hull have been born twelve children, of whom five are now living: Sarah, who married Ed Coss and resides in Hannibal, Missouri ; Minnie, who is the wife of David Fee and lives in Barry ; Flora, the wife of Harvey Love, a resident of Oklahoma; Ida M., who married John Ewing and lives in La Prairie, Illinois ; and Cyrus B., who married Susie Stauffer, a daughter of William Stauffer, of Griggsville. They reside with his father and the son operates the farm. They have three daughters : Eva, Beulah and Nina. jMr. Hull is not actively engaged in work at the present time because of ill health, but in former years he led a busy and useful life and all of his property has been acquired through his own efforts. In politics he is a democrat, always earnest and loyal in his support of the party. For twenty-four years he was justice of the peace and at one time was collector. He was also township commissioner for a long period and in discharging the duties of the office vra.s prompt and faithful, his course reflecting credit upon himself and proving entirely satisfactory to his constituents. He is a member of the Masonic lodge. No. 218, of New Salem, and the chapter at Perry, Illinois. Mrs. Hull belonged to the United Brethren church, of which Mr. Hull is still a member. He has led an earnest Christian life, characterized by honesty in his business dealings and loyalty in citizenship, and as the years have gone by he has made a record which classes him with the respected and worthy citizen of Pike county. DARIUS W. INGALLS. Darius W. Ingalls has since 1886 resided upon his present farm of two hundred and sixty-seven acres, where he is extensively engaged in stock- raising, his business interests being so managed that he is now one of the prosperous represent- atives of this line of activity in Pike county. He was born in Griggsville township, October 2*8, 1846, his parents being William M. and Rebecca (Elledge) Ingalls, natives of New York and 576 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY.' Kentucky respectively. The father was born May 28, 1819, and in 1824, when a youth of five years was brought to Illinois by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Darius Ingalls, who reached Jacksonville when there was only one log cabin in the town. He pursued his early education in the subscrip- tion schools of that period and shared with the family in the usual hardships and privations of pioneer life, also aiding in the arduous task of bringing new land under cultivation. He re- mained at home until twenty-four years of age and was then married to Miss Rebecca Elledge, whose birth occurred March 26, 1825. They began their domestic life in Perry township, where Mr. Ingalls purchased eighty acres of land from his father. Eventually he sold that property and became the owner of one hundred and forty acres which he cultivated and improved until 1864, when he sold out and removed to Iowa, At a later date, however, he returned to Perry township, Pike county, and invested in a farm which continued to be his place of residence until 1885, when he sold that property and re- moved to the village of Perry, where he spent his remaining days in honorable retirement from labor. He had for many years been engaged quite extensively in the breeding of sheep, which he found to be a profitable industry. He voted with the whig party in early life and after its dissolution joined the ranks of the republican party. He passed away March 26, 1892, his remains being interred in Perry cemetery by the side of his wife, who died on the 28th of December, 1883. In their family were five sons and five daughters, of whom the living are Pris- cilla, Darius W., James E., Helen, Charles M., Nettie, Wilson A. and Walter C. Pike county had hardly advanced bevond its pioneer epoch when Darius W. Ingalls made his way each morning from his father's home to the subscription schools. Later the public-school system was organized and he benefited thereby, gaining a fair English education to prepare him for life's practical and responsible duties. His training at farm labor was not meager for from an early age he worked upon the old homestead, assisting his father in the labors of the fields un- til nineteen years of age, when he began earn- ing his own living by working as a farm hand in the neighborhood. When his work had brought him sufficient capital he purchased forty acres of land in Fairmount township, living thereon for four and a half years from 1875. He then re- moved to Perry township, after selling his former property, continuing upon his present farm from 1879 until 1883, when he took up his abode upon the farm which is now his place of residence and which comprises two hundred and sixty acres of land. The soil is alluvial and returns good harvests for the care and cultivation be- stowed upon the fields. Mr. Ingalls is also well known as an enterprising and successful stock- raiser and he likewise buys and feeds stock. He raises from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five head of hogs each year and buys and feeds about a carload each year. He also breeds a number of mules and draft horses, and is recognized as a leading and enterprising stock farmer of this part of the state. On the 22d of April, 1868, Mr. Ingalls was married to Miss Ellen Barlow, who was born in Fulton county, Illinois, December 26, 1849, a daughter of Franklin and Elizabeth (Walker) Barlow, who were born, reared and married in Kentucky and spent their last days in Pike county, having come to Illinois at an early date. They were pioneer residents of Fulton county and in the '60s removed thence to Pike county, where Mr. Barlow devoted his energies to gen- eral agricultural pursuits. His study of the political questions and issues of the day lead him to give his endorsement to democratic principles. He died in 1865. In the family were four daugh- ters and a son ; Martha, Mary, Mrs. Ingalls, Andrew J. and Margaret. After losing his first wife Mr. Barlow married Mrs. Hannah Parker, and of this union was born one child. Mr. and Mrs. Ingalls have become the parents of seven children but three died in infancy. Those still living are Lillian, Royal H., Clyde B. and Bernice. Mr. Ingalls is connected with various fra- ternal organizations of which he is a valued repre- sentative. He has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for ten years and is a charter member of the Knights of PAST AND PRESEXT OF PIKE COUNTY. 577 Pythias lodge at Perry. He also belongs to Rush lodge of the Anti-Horse Thief Association and to the Pike County Mutual Life Association, of which he is grand president. He is also con- nected with the Modern Woodmen of America and is a member of the Christian church. In the faithful performance of each day's duties that devolve upon him in connection with his business he has found that success is not the result of ge- nius but results rather from experience, close application and earnest purpose, and his laudable ambition has also been a salient feature in his career. H. F. WELLS. H. F. Wells, one of the prosperous farmers and stock- feeders of Pleasant Hill township, owns a well improved tract of land on the old Pleasant Hill and Quincy state road. The farm lies on sections 7, 8, and i8. Pleasant Hill township, and is neat and thrifty in its appearance. Mr. Wells is a native son of Pike county, having been born upon the farm where he yet resides June 4, 1864. His paternal grandfather, Richard Wells, removed with his family from Kentucky to Missouri in 1817, locating first in St. Louis county and after- ward in Pike county, that state, whence he sub- sequently cam^e to Pike county, Illinois, being one of the early settlers of Pleasant Hill township. Perry Wells, father of our subject, was born in Kentucky, January 27, 1814, and was therefore but three years of age when taken by his parents to Missouri, in which state he was reared and educated. He was twice married, his second union being with Katherine Fesler, a daughter of Henry Fesler, a native of Kentucky and one of the early settlers of this county. Perry Wells located in Pike county, Illinois, in 1837, settling on the farm now owned and occupied by Harry Wells of this review. He cleared his land, erected good buildings and developed the farm, trans- forming the wild prairie into richly cultivated fields. He was a diligent man, becoming a well- to-do agriculturist, whose property embraced a large and well improved farm upon which he made his home up to the time of his death in 1890. By his first marriage there were six children, namely: Mrs. Ruth Allen; Richard Wells, who is living in Arkansas ; Mrs. Dr. J. Smith Thomas, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work; George Wells; Mrs. P. F. Barton, living in Arkansas ; and Alretta, the wife of J. H. Webster, of Tennessee. By the father's second marriage there were two children : Harry F., of this review ; and Mrs. Dr. A. J. Alcorn, of Chicago. Harry F. Wells was reared upon the old family homestead and after attending the common schools continued his studied in the high school at Griggs- ville and in the State University at Bloomington, Illinois. He was thus well qualified by liberal intellectual training for life's practical and re- sponsible duties and when his education was com- pleted he returned to the home farm, of which he took charge, carrying on the place for some time. On the 15th of February, 1897, in Kalamazoo county, Michigan, Mr. Wells was united in mar- riage to Miss Helen E. Lewis, a most estimable and well educated young lady. Her father, Maxson Lewis, was a native of New York, where he spent his childhood and youth. In 1858 he removed westward, settling in Kalamazoo county, Michigan, wdiere he afterward wedded Mary E. Smoke, also a native of the Empire state. Mrs. Wells was educated in the Galesburg (Michigan) high school and in the Michigan State Normal School at Ypsilanti, while later she became a relief teacher in that institution. She engaged in teaching for several years in Michigan prior to her marriage and was regarded as one of the capable representatives of the profession. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wells has been born a son, Maxson T. Wells. The parents are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church of Pleasant Hill and Mrs. Wells is an active worker in the Sunday-school, being now the teacher of a Bible class of young men. Mr. Wells also affiliates with Pleasant Hill lodge, A. F. & A. M. and with the chapter and commandery at Pittsfield and in his life exemplifies the basic elements of the craft which was founded upon principles of brotherly kindness and mutual helpfulness. Both 578 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Mr. and Mrs. Wells are highly esteemed and their influence is ever found on the side of right, progress and improvement. FARRELL CONWAY. Farrell Conwa}^, the genial and popular pro- prietor of the Barry Hotel, which was opened to the public in November, 1905, and is a modern hostelry, which would be a credit to a city of much larger size, was born in England, February 4, 1842, and is a son of William and Mary Conway, who were likewise natives of that country. The father died in 1842 and the mother, long surviving him, passed away in February, 1871. Farrell Conway spent the days of his boyhood and youth in his native land and in 1862, crossed the Alantic to America. The following year he enlisted for service in the Union Army while still an English subject, being enrolled at St. Louis, Missouri, on the 26th of May, 1863, to serve for three years or during the war. He was mus- tered into the United States service in that city as a private under command of Captain Fred Hanson, of Company H, Fourth Regiment of Missouri Cavalry, Colonel George E. Waring commanding. This regiment was formed in January, 1862, by the consolidation of Fremont Hussars, Major Wright's battalion of cavalry and the fragment of a battalion of cavalry raised by and under the command of Colonel Woods and was mustered into the service with George E. Waring as colonel. In November of the same year an order was issued to consolidate the Fourth and Fifth regiments of Missouri Cavalry and that organization was mustered into the service with the following field officers : George E. Waring, colonel ; Gustavus VonHelmrich, lieutenant col- onel ; and Gustavus Heinsrich, major. The regiment was assigned to the cavalry division of the sixteenth corps of the Army of the Ten- nessee and during its service bore a gallant part in the following engagements : Pea Ridge, Ar- Icansas ; Cotton Plant, Arkansas : the Batesville expedition ; the campaign in southwestern Missouri; the pursuit of Price; Little Red and White River; Colljerville ; Guntown or Tupelo ; Jackson ; Vicksburg ; Clarendon ; In- dependence ; Big Blue ; Mine Creek ; and Maria des Cygnes. Pursuing the enemy to Osage river and capturing one hundred men and two pieces of artillery, the troops afterward re- turned to Fort Scott, Kansas, whence the regiment was ordered to Vicksburg, Mississippi, and after- Avard was at Memphis, Tennessee, Louisville, Kentucky, and New Orleans and Greenville, Louisiana, performing garrison duty until mus- tered out of the service. Mr. Conway enlisted as a recruit and joined his regiment at Columbus, Kentucky, and when the regiment was consoli- dated (recruits and veterans) into a battalion of four companies in October, 1864, he was assigned to Company B. He served on detached duty throughout his entire term, being orderly for Colonel Waring. He was wounded at Okalona, Mississippi, by a gun shot in the right hand and arm, causing permanent injury and was given medical treatment in the regimental camp for the wound. He was always found at his post of duty, participating in all the engagements of his com- mand during his term of enlistment and he ren- dered valuable and meritorious service, achieving a proud record for soldierly conduct at all times. At New Orleans, Louisiana, on the 13th of No- vember, 1865, he received an honorable discharge by reason of the close of the war, returning to his home with a most creditable military record. When hostilities had ceased Mr. Conway came to Barry and engaged in clerking for Crandall Smith & Company, grocers of Barry, with whom he continued for twenty-six years. No higher testimonial of capability, faithful service and trustworthiness could be given than the fact that he was so long retained in one employ. He then went into the poultry and egg business, shipping those products to New York city. He afterward became proprietor of a hotel in Barry and has since continued in this business with gratifying success. He is now proprietor of the Barry Hotel, which was recently completed and opened to the public in November, 1905. It is supplied with all modern conveniences, including telephone, furnace heat, inside closets, electric lights, hot PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 579 and cold baths and sample rooms. It is by far the best hotel in Pike county and is a credit to its owner and to the city in which it is located. Mr. Conwa)' has now had a number of years' ex- perience in the hotel business, is thoroughly con- versant with what is demanded in this direction by the traveling public, and in conducting his interests has largely followed the methods of the pioneer, who seeks out a new idea and utilizes every means at hand for the accomplishment of his purpose. It is the aim of Mr. Conway and his estimable wife to please all who patronize them, and the hotel is certainly giving uniform satisfaction. Before leaving his native country, Mr. Conway was married in England in 1861 to Miss Mary Wilcox, by whom he had two children : Sarah, who was born in England, January 22, 1863, and is living at home ; and Celia, who was born Feb- ruary 6, 1870, and is the wife of Abram Burton, a resident of Barry. They have four sons : Roy, born August 3, 1886; Farrell, July 22, 1888: Lawrence. September 5, 1893 ; and Hershal, No- vember 22, 1901. Mrs. Conway died in Decem- ber, 1870, and on the ist of Febj-uary, 1874, Mr. Conway was married in this county to Ann Hen- derson, who was born in Ballamoney, Count}' Antrim, Ireland. Unto this marriage have been born three children : Edward, who was born April 28, 1876, married Maud Clingingsmith, and they reside. at Barry with their son, ]\Iarion Farrell, born July 10, 1902. Mary, born July 28, 1878, died March 10, 1879. Clara, born April 8, 1881, is the wife of Thomas Berry, a resident of Barry, and they have one son, Edwin O., born January 16, 1905. In his political affiliation Mr. Conway is a republican, but has .never sought or desired office. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist church; and he is a prominent and influential member of John McTucker post. No. 154, G. A. R., in which he has held various offices, serving as commander for one term, and as adjutant and quartermaster for a number of terms. His wife and two eldest daughters are active members of John McTucker corps. No. 91, W. R. C. Mr. Conway likewise belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and has filled all the offices in the lodge. He owns two houses and lots in Barry, which he rents ; and these, in addition to his hotel property, make him one of the substan- tial residents of the community. Since coming to America he has made a creditable position in the business world, gaining the respect of all with whom he has come in contact. HERMAN H. GREIWE. The German element in our American citizen- ship has long been recognized as an important one, for the sons of the fatherland display many qualities that work for good citizenship. They are usually men of considerable capability, who look at life from a practical standpoint and utilize their opportunities to the best advantage. Of this class Mr. Greiwe is a representative, and he is now known as a prominent stock-dealer and shipper of Pike county. He also owns three valu- able farms here. He was born January 21, 1856, in Germany, and attended the public schools of his native land until thirteen years of age, when he crossed the Atlantic to New York city. His parents were Frederick and Elizabeth (Brink- man) Greiwe, who were also natives of Germany; and in August, 1869, the father sailed for the new world with his three sons, the mother having died in Germany in 1858. Frederick W. Greiwe event- ually settled in Guttenberg, Iowa, where he died in February, 1895. In the family were eight chil- dren : Ernest, who is now following farming in Perrv township ; Flenry, who resides at Oldberg, Germany; Fritz, who died in the fatherland; Eleanora, who is living in that country ; Mary, the wife of Henry Fabling, of Guttenberg, Iowa ; Frederick, who resides at Sioux Falls, South Da- kota ; William, who is living in Perry township ; and Herman H. Herman H. Greiwe, bidding adieu to friends and native land, came to the United States with his father when thirteen years of age, and after- ward worked as a farm hand until he reached the age of nineteen years, when he began farming on his own account. When twenty-three years of age he was married on the 7th of April, i88t, 58o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. to Miss Annie L. Lntz, who was born in Perry township, October 6, 1858. Her father, Leonard Lutz, was born in Germany, December 25, 1807, and crossed the Atlantic on a sailing vessel to New York city. Subsequently he came to Pike county, settling north of the village of Perry, in Perry township, upon a farm where he spent his remaining days, engaged in the tilling of the soil, and in raising stock. His religious faith was indicated by his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, while his political views found evidence in the support which he gave to the de- mocracy. He married Miss Lucinda Baird, who was born in Scott county, Illinois, March 10, 1826. His death occurred November 28, 1892, while his wife passed away February 14, 1899. They were the parents of eight children : Sarah, now deceased ; John, who is living in Sumner county, 'Kansas ; William, who has also passed away ; Frederick, a resident of California ; David, who is living on the old homestead in Perrv township ; Mary, the wife of Joseph Stoner, a resident farmer of Perry township; Annie L., now Mrs. Greiwe ; and George, who is living in Oklahoma. At the time of his marriage, Mr. Greiwe began farming on his own account ; and the money which he saved from his earnings he invested, in June, 1884, in one hundred and twenty acres of land in Perry township. In 1891 he purchased another farm of one hundred and sixty acres, and in 1902 a third farm of one hundred and eighty- two acres adjoining the village limits on the south. All these farms are well improved with fine homes and with all modern conveniences. There is running water in his house; and he has a reservoir from which a pipe line leads nearly a half mile to his feed lot. He raises from four to five hundred head of hogs each year; and in the summer of 1905 shipped two carloads, and now has ready for shipment two carloads more. He also feeds and ships from one to two carloads of cattle each year; and he is a member of the Perry Horse Company, of which he is manager and treasurer; and in this connection he has two stallions, one Robert Wilkes and the other a Bel- gian horse named Deor. .\11 his hogs and cattle are of high grades ; and at the present time he has thirty-two head of horses and mules. He re- cently sold one span of mules for three hundred dollars. He is well known as a stock-breeder and dealer; and since entering farm life upon his own account has had a prosperous career, each year adding to his income until he is now one of the leading agriculturists of this part of the state. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Greiwe were born three children: Frank R., January 31, 1882; Rus- sell A., April 7, 1883; and Cora, September 18, 1885. They also have an adopted daughter, Mary Meyer, who was four years of age on the 22d of May, 1905. Mr. Greiwe has served as school trustee. He belongs to Perry lodge, I. O. O. F. ; and in politics is a stalwart democrat. He and his wife are people of genuine worth, having a large circle of friends ; and the hospitality of their pleasant home is greatly enjoyed by many who know them. An investigation into the life record of Mr. Greiwe shows that he has followed meth- ods that are straightforward and principles that will bear close investigation ; and in his pros- perous business career he has found that "hon- esty is the best policy," and that "labor is the source of all desirable success." GEORGE CARNES George Carnes is one of the most prominent farmers and stock-raisers of Pike county, making very extensive shipments of stock each vear. In fact, he is known throughout the state to stock n-ien and the extent and importance of his op- erations in this line have also classed him with the most substantial residents of this part of the state. He represents one of the old pioneer fam- ilies of Pike county and was born in Griggsville township, September 16, 1858, his parents being Richard and Guldy E. (Moore) Carnes. The father was born June 23, 1832, in Harrison county, Ohio, and became one of the large land owners of Pike county, his realty possessions at one time comprising eighteen hundred acres m New Salem and Griggsville townships. He was a son of John Carnes and a grandson of Thomas and Elizabeth (Dunham) Carnes, who were born MR. AND MRS. GEORGE CARNES PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 583 and reared in Maryland. The family, however, is originally of English lineage. Following his marriage Thomas Carnes removed to Harrison county, Ohio, and became a factor in its pioneer development and early progress. As the years passed his labors were crowned with a comfort- able competence and he also rejoiced in what had been accomplished in the county where he made his home, for the evidences of frontier life had been replaced by the conditions of an advanced civilization. His loyalty in citizenship was mani- fested by active service as a private in the war of 1812 and also by equal loyalty in days of peace. Both he and his wife were devoted members of the United Brethren church and each lived to a ripe old age.- John Carnes, grandfather of George Carnes of this review, was born in Flarrison county. Ohio, in 1812, was reared to the occupation of farming and made that pursuit his life work. He engaged in the tilling of the soil in his native county until 185-4, whcm he removed to Pike county, Illinois, settling on a partially improved farm in Grigg-sville township. His capital was small but his industry and perseverance were un- limited, and upon those qualities he builded his success, becoming one of the substantial residents of this part of the state. In his native county he married Aliss Eliza Nelson, who was also born in Harrison county, Ohio, while her parents were natives of Marvland and were of Scotch descent. Both Air. and Airs. John Carnes belonged to the United Brethren church, contributed liberally to its support and aided effectively in its upbuilding and the extension of its influence. His political alle- giance was given to the whig part}- in early life. He passed away in New Salem township in 1870, having for some years survived his wife. In their family were ten children, but one son was fatally burned in childhood and another son was killed by a log rolling upon him when eight years of age. A daughter is also deceased. Richard Carnes, the eldest of this family, was reared upon the old homestead in Ohio, and earl\' acquired an excellent understanding of agricul- tural aflFairs and a comprehension of business matters which resulted in making him a capable and prosperous agriculturist. His entire life 29 was devoted to farm work, and as his financial resources increased he added from time to time to his property. Airs. Carnes was born in Maryland, May 5, 1834, and in her infancy was taken by her parents to Harrison county, Ohio, and afterward to Adams county, Illinois, whence they came to Pike county. Plere her father died at the age of seventy-five years, while her mother reached the advanced age of eiglity-three years. They had a large family. Unto Mr. and Airs. Carnes were born the fol- lowing named : Henry, Eliza, John. George, Sarah, Edward, Alary, Salena and Dora. Richard Carnes voted with the repub- lican party ; and he and his wife held mem- bership in the United Brethren church. His business career furnished an example well worthy of emulation to all who desire to win suc- cess and who wish to do so along lines of honor- able and manly conduct. Although he achieved a fortune his path was never strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes, for he was straightforward and just in his dealings and his prosperity was the result of his close application and judicious investment. He died in igo2 and is still survived by his wife. George Carnes spent the days of his boyhood and vouth under the parental roof and at the time of his marriage started out upon an independent business career, giving his attention to general farming and stock-raising. He lived upon what was known as the old Taylor place for seventeen vears, having purchased this property soon after his marriage and in 1896 he removed to what is known as the wSharp farm near the Wabash Rail- road at Alaysville, where he now resides. For some \'ears he has been extensively engaged iit buying, feeding and shipping stock, and associ- ated with his brother, S. E. Carnes. he ships from one hundred and fifty to two hundred carloads of stock each year. Seldom a week passes that he does not ship from two to five carloads, for which he finds a ready sale upon the market, as he never makes shipments until his stock is in excellent condition. He is now farming .seven hundred and twenty acres of as finely improved land as can uc found in Pike county. He attends all of the state fairs of Illinois and many of the county fairs and 584 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. is now president of the Illinois Valley Fair As- sociation at Griggsville, whereby effort in behalf of agricultural progress is greatly stimulated. lie is likewise the vice-president of the Illinois Val- ley bank at Griggsville. A lover of good horses, he always has some fine animals upon his place, and at the present time these number about twenty. He also has about one hundred and thirty head of cattle on hand, of which seventy-five head have been fattened and are ready for the market. He has one steer which he expects to exhibit at the fat stock show in Chicago and also one carload lot of fat cattle. He likewise has about one hun- dred and fifty head of hogs at the present writing. In 1903 he and his brother, S. E., made an ex- hibit of fifteen head of fat cattle at the Chicago Stock Show, having an average weight of six- teen hundred and sixteen pounds. He received the second premium in a special shorthorn class, and in this bunch was a pair of twins that weighed thirty-six hundred pounds, on which he received a second premium in a special class. He and his brother attend the stock sales in Missouri anJ throughout Illinois as buyers, and they have a very wide and favorable acquaintance among the leading stock dealers of that state. Both gentle- men are excellent judges of stock, so that they are able to make judicious purchases and profitable sales. On the 5th of September, 1878, Mr. Carnes was married to Miss Margaret White. Her par- ents were Thomas and Rebecca White, who had five children, namely: Andrew, Elizabeth, Sam- uel, Margaret and John. Mr. and Mrs. White were active members of the Presbyterian church of New Salem. In public affairs Mr. Carnes has taken a deep and helpful interest. He has been president of the school board and a director for the past nine years, the cause of education finding in him a warm friend. His political views are in accord with republican principles and indeed he is one of the stanch suporters of the party, doing all in his power to promote its growth and insure its success, though never seek- ing office for himself. Mrs. Carnes is a member of the Presbyterian church of New Salem. She was educated in the public schools of Griggsville and Pittsfield and taught her home school for fif- teen months prior to her marriage. She travels with her husband on many of his trips, and they are thoroughly progressive people, keeping in touch with the world's progress and having compre- hensive knowledge of the questions of the day and the subjects of general interest. In his busi- ness career he has made rapid and substantial ad- vancement, and the methods he has followed have been such as will bear close investigation. He has labored along lines that all might profitably fol- low and has achieved through well directed ef- forts and unfaltering perseverance splendid suc- cess, and also gained a reputation which has made him known as a leading stock dealer of Illinois. SAMUEL EDWARD CARNES. . The student of history can not carry his inves- tigations far into the records of Pike county with- out learning of the close and helpful connection of the Carnes family with matters of public inter- est and benefit. Samuel Edward Carnes is to-day a worthy citizen, who is carefully and success- fully conducting farming interests, owning three hundred acres of valuable land in New Salem township. He was born in Pike county, Illinois, November 30, 1865, his parents being Richard and Guldy E. (Moore) Carnes. His father's birth occurred in Harrison county, Ohio, near Cadizville, June 23, 1832, and he was quite a young lad when the family home was established in Illinois. The great-grandparents of Samuel E. Carnes were Thomas and Elizabeth (Dunham) Carnes, natives of Maryland, in which state they spent their youth. Following their marriage they removed to Harrison county, Ohio, and estab- lished their home in the midst of a district that was then wild and unimproved, but as the years passed by time and man wrought many changes and the evidences of frontier life were replaced by the improvements of an advanced civilization. Both Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Carnes reached a venerable age and were long numbered among the valued citizens of the locality where they made their home. The principles of Christianity found ex- 1 1 i \ MR. AND MRS. RICHARD CARNES MR. AND MRS. S. E. CARNES PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 589 emplification in their lives and they were num- bered among the faithful members of the United Brethren church. Thomas Carnes espoused his country's cause in the second war with England, serving as a private. John Carnes, son of Thomas Carnes, was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in 181 2, and, having arrived at years of maturity, was married to Miss Eliza Nelson, whose birth also occurred in that county, although her parents were natives of Maryland and it is believed were of Scotch de- scent. Mr. and ]\'Irs. John Carnes began their domestic life upon a farm in Ohio, remaining residents of Harrison county until 1834 — the year of their arrival in Pike county, Illinois. Here they took up their abode upon a tract of land in Griggsville township but partially improved and although their financial resources were then lim- ited their economy, perseverance and prudence in the management of business affairs supplementing their unremitting diligence won for them suc- cess as the years passed by and eventually their property holdings in Pike county were large and valuable. Mr. Carnes voted the whig ticket and both he and his wife were active in the work of the United Brethren church and contributed lib- erally to its support. The death of John Carnes occurred in New Salem township in 1870 and his wife had passed awav some years before. Richard Carnes, father of our subject, was in his youth deprived of educational privileges, but in the school of experience learned many valuable lessons. Practical work soon acquainted him with the duties of the farm and he brought to his business such knowledge and skill that as the years passed a high measure of prosperity rewarded his efforts. There was nothing sor- did or grasping in his nature and though he be- came one of the wealthy agriculturists he was very liberal with his means, giving freely to church and charitable interests and to many movements for the public good. His hand was ever down- reaching to assist those less fortunate than him- self and he never judged his friends by their pos- sessions, but gave his regard in recognition to character. He was anxious, too, that his children should have good educational privileges and did much to provide them with a knowledge that would prove of benefit in life's practical and re- sponsible affairs. He was married to Miss Guldy E. Moore, whose birth occurred in Maryland, Ma\- 5, 1834, her parents being John and Sarah (Simpson) Moore, who in her infancy removed from Maryland to Harrison county, Ohio. On coming to Illinois they settled first in Adams county, but eventually took up their abode in Pike county, where the father died at the age of seventy-five }ears, while the mother passed away at the age of eighty-three. In business af- fairs Mr. ^loore had prospered and, moreover, he had gained the respect and good will of his fel- lowmen, who found him reliable in all his meth- ods and trustworthy in all life's relations. Mrs. Carnes received careful training from her parents in the duties of the household and remained at home until her marriage, when well equipped to take care of a home of her own, she assumed the duties and responsibilities of her household. Mr. Carnes, carrying on agricultural pur- suits, met with prosperity and made ju- dicious investm'ent in real estate until he was the owner of about eighteen hundred acres of valuable Illinois land and his possessions were estimated at about two hundred thousand dollars. He voted with the republican party and was a member of the United Brethren church, as was his wife. Their family numbered nine children. Samuel Edward Carnes, having acquired his elementary education in the public schools, after- ward spent four years in Westfield College and was also a student in Gem City Business College at Quincy, Illinois. He became acquainted with the best methods of conducting farming interests in his youth, receiving his business training und'er his father, who was widely recognized as a most capable business man. He lived at home until his marriage and since that time has lived upon one of his father's farms. "It was on the 21st of October, 1891, that he wedded Miss Birdella May Stone, who was born January 9, 1 871, at La Prairie, Adams county, Illinois, her parents being J. R. and Nancy C. (Ellison) Stone, the former born in Pennsyl- vania, September 12, 1830, and the latter on June 6, 1 83 1, near Millport, Pennsylvania, They were niarried January 11, 1870, at Versailles, Illinois. 590 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. The father died in 1889 and the mother's death occurred at Quincy, lUinois, in 1900. Her mother was left a widow with a family of small children, of whom Mrs. Stone was the yoimgest. She mar- ried again, her second husband having several young children, and in a short time he insisted that she find homes elsewhere for her own chil- dren and her own little girl Nancy was taken by a familv by the name of Ellison living just across the Cowanescjue river which flowed past her home. The Ellison family had but one child, a son, and they wished to adopt Nancy, but the mother refused to give her up. One morning, however, \\dien the mother arose and looked across the river to the house in which her child lived she noticed that no smoke curled above the little cabin and when hour by hour ^\■ent b}' and she saw no trace of life there she became alarmed. On investigation she found that the family had dis- appeared in the night, taking the little daughter with them. Of her journey from the old place Mrs. Stone remembered nothing, though she did remember their final settlement in Steuben county. New York, their removal to Pittsburg and then their journey to the west. After a short residence in Keokuk, Iowa, which at that time contained only one house, they settled in Pike county, Alis- souri. The Ellison family told the little girl that she had been "bound" to them bu,t at last they received a letter from the mother of the child who had, despite all their wanderings, gained trace of the family and begged them if Nancv still lived to let her know something of her child. The let- ter was never answered but the little girl over- heard the letter read and remembering something of her mother, whom she had seen last at the age of five }'ears, stored the facts awa)' in her memor3^ She was not treated kindly bv the Ellison family and when fourteen \-ears of age she left them and went out to fight life's battles. At the age of eighteen she married and later with the aid of her husband tried to learn something of her peo- ple. At last she secured her mother's address and in 1847 received a letter from her. Several other letters followed and then came one from a half- sister saying that the mother was dead. Mrs. Stone, however, could never overcome her desire to see her relatives antl the home nf her childhood and though nearly sixty years had passed since she left the east she determined in 1894 to visit those who still remained there. She was accom- panied by her son, Professor J. H. Crafton, of the Gem City Business College, — a son of her first marriage. She found that she had not been for- gotten by her relatives in Pennsylvania and her visit was a ver}^ pleasant one. She and her son visited a number of important points in the east and altogether the trip was one of great interest. \Lr. Stone had come to the west when a young man and finally settled in -northeast township, ■ Adams county, Illinois, where he was living at the time of the birth of Mrs. Samuel E. Carnes. He afterward removed to Tazewell county, where he lived for two and a half years, and then took up his abode in Topeka, ]\Iason county, Illinois, where he lived for twelve years, eventually locat- ing in Quincy, Illinois, where his death occurred soon afterward. He was a blacksmith and fol- lowed the trade throughout his entire life. !Mrs. Stone was twice married, Mr. Stone rearing her children of her first union, and Mrs. Carnes has three half-brothers : William M. Crafton, who is. living in Xew Berlin, Illinois ; Charles, of Spring- field, Illinois ; and J. H. Crafton, of Quincy, Illinois. Mrs. Carnes pursued her education in the public and high schools of Mason county, Illinois, and for a short time attended Chaddock College in Ouincv but impaired eyesight caused her to aban- don her school work. Mr. Carnes possesses the business instinct, keen discrimination and unfaltering diligence which have ever been characteristic of the fam- ily and is now the owner of three hundred and eighty acres of fine land in Xew Salem town- ship, four miles north of Pittsfield and equally distant from Maysville and New Salem. Here he has a beautiful home with fine buildings and all modern improvements. His farm is under a high state of cultivation, Ijeing one of the best properties of New Salem township. He is well known as a stockman, he and his brother George being very extensive stock dealers, making ship- ments from Maysville and other neighboring- points and handling over one hundred thousand dollars' worth of stock each vear. Mr. Carnes is- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 591 likewise a stockholder in Illinois Valley Bank at Griggsville and the Pike County Telephone Com- pany. His interests are concentrated, however, upon his farm and live stock and he carries for- ward to successful completion whatever he under- takes, having the quality of perseverance that enables him to overcome all difficulties and ob- stacles that may arise. Both ;\Ir. and Mrs. Carnes are active members of the United Brethren church, in which he is serving as a trustee and he is likewise' one of the trustees of Westfield College. They occupy a prominent position in public regard and are worthy representatives of one of the leading families of this part of the state, the name of Carnes being inseparablv asso- ciated with the history of Pike county. JOHN WHITE. John White, deceased, who in hi.s connection with the agricultural interests in Pike county, found that prosperity might be attained through earnest and persistent effort, and won his success along those lines, was born in Londonderr}-, Ire- land, in i8og, his parents being John and Mar- garet (Glass) White, both of whom were na- tives of the Emerald Isle. In the common schools of that country Mr. White obtained his educa- tion and then, thinking to improve his opportuni- ties in the new world, he crossed the Atlantic to America when twenty-two years of age, locating at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he remained for six years. During the greater part of that time he followed weaving, and later removed to Quincy, Illinois, where he engaged in teaming, until his removal to Pike county in 1839. Plere he cast in his lot with the pioneer settlers, lo- cating at New Philadelphia. Subsequently he purchased land, and he further completed his arrangements for a home of his own by his marriage in 1845 to Miss Margaret Smith, who was born in Scotland. They had one child, now deceased ; and the mother died in 1846. In April, 1856, Mr. White was again married, his second union being with Mary E. Cunningham, who was born in Londonderry, Ire- land, March 17, 1833, and is a daughter of Thomas and Isabella (Smith) Cunningham, both of whom were natives of Ireland. Mrs. White came to America with her brother, Thomas, in 1855, sail- ing from Liverpool to New York, the voyage lasting six weeks. Her parents came to America in 1856, locating in New Salem township. Pike county. Her father was a farmer by occupation, owning and operating eighty acres of land. In his family were seven children, three of whom are yet living, namely : Mrs. White ; Robert, a resident of Canada ; and Samuel, who is living in Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. White were reared in the same neighborhood in Ireland, their homes being sepa- rated by a distance of only alxiut twelve miles, but they became acquainted in this country. Mrs. White lived with her aunt until her marriage. There were ten children born of this union, of whom seven are yet living: Joseph, who was edu- cated in the common schools and is living upon the home farm, is a member of the Masonic lodge. No. 218, of New Salem, and the Odd Fel- lows lodge. No. 834, of New Salem. Robert, who acquired a common-school education, also belongs to the Odd Fellows lodge at New Salem, in which he has passed through all the chairs. Emmett, who was educated in Jacksonville, Illi- nois, married Lena Steinback and lives on his mother's farm. He is also affiliated with the Odd Fellows lodge at New Salem. Frank, who was educated in Baylis and assists in the operation of the home farm, is likewise an Odd Fellow. Mrs. Margaret Wray, now a widow, resides in Quincy. Anna Belle became the wife of Elliot Motley, and both are now deceased, their three children now living with their grandmother, Mrs. White. Mary Jane is the wife of John Jacob, a resident of Kansas. Emih" Alice is the wife of ' Jacob Irick and lives near the home farm. At the time of his marriage, Mr. White owned one hundred and sixty acres of land, to which he added from time to time until his landed pos- sessions comprised eight hundred and sixty acres "He was a most industrious and energetic man, whose economy and frugality also proved an im- portant element in his prosperity. He was a great stockman, and engaged quite extensively in 592 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. the raising of stock. He gave his pohtical alle- giance to the democracy ; and for over twenty years served as a school director. He held mem- bership in the Presbyterian church and died in that faith on the loth of June, 1880, respected by all who knew him, because of his upright life and what he had accomplished. He never had occasion to regret his determination to seek a home in the new world, for he found here the opportunities he sought; and by the judicious use of the advantages, which surround all, he worked his way steadily upward, becoming one of the prosperous and representative citizens of the county. Mrs. White is also a devoted member of the Presbyterian church. Her home is pleasantly situated about four miles south of Baylis, and her postoffice is New Salem. She owns a large amount of land, and each of her sons owns a farm. They operate their own land and their mother's land, comprising eight hundred and sixty acres ; and they also own one hundred and thirty head of fine shorthorn cattle, one hundred and fifteen head of hogs of the Chester White and Poland China breeds and twenty-two head of horses ; and they are recognized as leading stock- men of the community. JOHN F. BERRY. John F. Berry residing on section 5, Pleasant Hill township, is one of the prosperous farmers and stock-raisers of Pike county. In his home place he has two hundred and fifty acres of good land, and in addition he owns another tract of one hundred and twenty acres in Martinsburg township. He was born in the house which is yet his home, his natal day being December 12, 1848. His father, Willis F. Berry, was a native of Kentucky, born in 1808 and there he was reared to manhood. Pie afterward removed to Pike county, Missouri, where he married Arretta J. Wells, a native of Kentucky and a daughter of George Wells. In 1840 Mr. Berry removed with his ^vife to Pike county, Illinois, and began farm- ing here in tht midst of the forest, clearing the land, building a home and developing a good farm. He owned here one hundred and sixty acres of land, which he transformed into highly cultivated fields. He had first a little log cabin, which he afterward replaced by a commodious and substantial modern residence. He also built good barns and added other modern improvements^ He remained upon the old family homestead here up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1883. His wife had died some years previously, and he afterward married again. By the first union he had seven children who reached years of maturity, while four are yet living. John F. Berry, of this review, was reared and educated in Pleasant Hill township, his common- school advantages being supplemented by one term of study in McKendree College. Through sev- eral winter terms he engaged in teaching in Pike county. He remained with his father and as- sisted in carrying on the farm until he had at- tained his majority. He was first married in 1878 to Miss Mary E. Oxley, a native of Linn county, Iowa, where she was' reared, and for several years, prior to her marriage, she followed teach- ing. As a bride she was taken to the home farm on which Mr. Berry yet resides. He took charge of the place and carried on the work for his fa- ther. In March, 1883, he lost his first wife, who died leaving three children : Dr. Orland H. Berry, a practicing physician of Belleview, Illi- nois ; Mary R., who has been a successful teacher of the county; and Frank S., at home. In this county in May, 1886, Mr. Berry wedded Libbie Briscoe, who was born in Martinsburg town- ship and spent her girlhood days in this county, acquiring her education in the public schools. She is a daughter of Jeremiah Briscoe, an enterpris- ing agriculturist of Martinsburg township. By this union have been born four children, of whom three are living: Everett B., who is now pursu- ing his education in Pittsfield ; Emma A., attend- ing the home school ; and Henry Burdette Berry. Politically Mr. Berry has been a lifelong re- publican, casting his first presidential ballot for General Grant in 1872. He was elected and served as assessor for several years, and has been a delegate to numerous county and congressional con\-cntions of his party. He regards it the duty PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 593 as well as the privilege of every American citi- zen to exercise his right of franchise in support of the measures which he deems will prove of greatest good. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he is serving as trustee, while Mrs. Berry is a teacher and earnest worker in the Sunday school. Mr. Berry belongs to the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in the blue lodge at Pleasant Hill and in the chapter at Pittsfi.eld. He is a past master of the lodge, and has represented the local organi- zation in the grand lodge of the state at severa] sessions. His good qualities are many, and have gained him favorable regard with those with whom business or social relations have brought him in contact. Through many years he has been an interested witness of the growth and develop- ment of the county, and is classed with the sub- stantial farmers and influential men of Pleasant Hill township. His integrity stands as an un- questioned fact in his career, and his business ca- pacity is manifest in his capable management of his large farming' interests. The consensus of public opinion concerning Mr. Berry is favor- able, and that his entire career is worthy of re- spect is indicated by the fact he is best liked where best known. ROBERT BONIFIELD. Robert Bonifield, interested in general farming and stock-raising, is a native of Barry township born on the 6th of April, 1861, his parents being Mareen and Elizabeth (Hampton) Bonifield. The father was born in Kentucky, July 31, 1827, but spent the greater part of his life in Pike county, whither he came with his parents in 1843, the family home being established near the village of Kinderhook, where the paternal grandfather of our subject died. The maternal grandfather, Mar- tin Hampton, came to Pike county from Ireland, at an early day in the settlement of this part of the state, and his daughter Eliabeth was born here on the 2Tst of October, 1834. Her girlhood days were spent amid pioneer surroundings, and she was carefully trained to the labors of the house- hold, as were all girls in those times. On reach- ing early womanhood she gave her hand in mar- riage to Mareen Bonifield, who provided for his family by following agricultural pursuits ; and by the careful control of his business interests he prospered, becoming owner of more than six hun- dred acres of valuable lad. He had had no edu- cational privileges whatever, and could not read nor write ; but he possessed much native intelli- gence and keen sagacity, and displayed excellent business qualification in the management of his affairs. He voted with the republican party, taking some interest in politics ; and held member- ship in the Kinderhook lodge. No. 353, A. F. & A. M. His many admirable qualities and the success which he accomplished in the face of seemingly insurmountable difficulties, won him the respect and esteem of all who knew him. He died in April, 1896, having for many years sur- vived his wife, who passed away August 21, 1873. They were the parents of five children, of whom three are now living, namely : Robert ; John, who resides near his elder brother ; and Mrs. Matilda Lewton, who is also living in the same neighborhood. It was in this same locality that the father had his farm, which was rich bot- tom land. In his boyhood days Robert Bonifield acquired the usual country-school education, and when a young man of twenty years, he started out in life on his own account, and has since given his at- tention to farming. He first went to Macon count)', Missouri, where he ' carried on general agricultural pursuits for a year on land owned by his father. He made the first purchase of land in 1897, becoming the owner of one hundred and forty acres, of which he still has one hundred and seventeen acres. His wife also owns one hundred and sixty acres of land in Kansas which she- rents. Her farm is well improved, having good build- ings upon it, while the fields have been carefullv tilled. The home property of Mr. Bonifield in Barry township is also well developed and is lack- ing in none of the accessories of the model farm of the twentieth century. Mr. Bonifield is also a railroad contractor and has done considerable \vork in railroad grading, usually keeping several teams for this purpose. At the same time he car- ries on the work of the fields, and also raises stock' upon the home farm, and in both branches of his 594 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. business his efforts are being attended with a gratifying measure of success. At one time Mr. Bonifield conducted a livery stable in Kinder- hook for about three months. In 1881 occurred the marriage of Mr. Boni- field and Miss Sarah A. Bridgewater, who was born October 31, i860, and is a daughter of Elias and Mary Jane (Hankins) Bridgewater, the former a native of this county, while the mother was born in Tennessee. The paternal grandfather, Samuel Bridgewater, came to Illinois before the town of Kinderhook was laid out, and was a pio- neer resident, whose efforts contributed to the early substantial improvement of his locality. Reared in Pike county, Elias Bridgewater gave his entire attention to general agricultural pur- suits, and in the course of years accumulated a large property, owning four hundred and eighty acres of land at the time of his death, while pre- viously he had sold one hundred and sixty acres. He was a successful agriculturist ; and moreover was a good man, just and fair in his dealings at all times, and strictly honorable in all life's rela- tions. He belonged to Kinderhook lodge, No. 353, A. F. & A. M. ; and both and his wife were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church. His study of the political issues and questions of the day led him to give his adherence to the republican party ; and at the time of the Civil war he courageously espoused the Union cause, manifesting his loyalty to the Union by ac- tive service with the Ninety-ninth Illinois Regi- ment of A'olunteers, in which he enlisted on the 5th of August, 1862. He served with that com- mand until the close of the war, and on one oc- casion was wounded in the leg at Vicksburg. He was mustered out July 31, 1865: and many more }-ears of usefulness were vouchsafed to him, for during almost four decades he continued a resi- dent of Pike county, where he died in April, 1904, at the age of sixt^'-six }'ears. His widow is now residing in Kansas, and will have attained an age of sixty-four in ^May, 1906. In their family were eight children but only three are now living : Mrs. Bonifield : John, who resides in Kinderhook town- ship ; and Charles A., who is living in Ford county, Kansas. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Bonifield have been born four children, of whom three yet survive. Floyd, born June 4, 1881, and now living in St. Louis, Missouri, married Miss Ilah Gilvin, of Pike county, and they have two children, Charles and Grace L. Oliver, born September 24, 1889, and Clarence, born February 23, 1892, are still at home. The daughter, Tillie May, born June 16, 1883, died in March, 1884. The family home is pleasantly located about four miles from Barry and three miles from Kinderhook, and is a com- fortable residence in the midst of a well tilled farm. Mr. Bonifield votes with the republican party, and is serving for the second term as road commissioner. He belongs to Odd Fellows lodge, ^'0. 757, at Kinderhook, and the Mutual Pro- tective League, and both and his wife are con- nected with the Rebekah lodge. No. 133, in which she has filled all of the offices. Both are repre- sentatives of old pioneer families of the county, the names of Bonifield and Bridgewater having long figured in connection with agricultural prog- ress, and also with the permanent public improve- ment of this part of the state. J. W. KUHLMAN. ' J. W. Kuhlman, who is engaged in the imple- ment business at Hull, was born in Adams county, Illinois, on the 5th of February, 1867, and is son of Peter Henry and Fredericka (Meyer) Kuhl- man. As the name indicates, the family is of Ger- man lineage. The father was born in Germany, ( )ctober 27, 1827, and was a son of Herman and Louisa (Bockeye) Kuhlman. The former was iDorn in 1794 and died in Germany at the age of eightv vears, while his wife's death occurred when she was sixtv-nine years of age. Herman Kuhl- man learned and followed the stone-mason's trade throughout his entire life. Two of the members of the family, one son and one daughter, are yet Wving. I'eter Henry Kuhlman was educated in the common schools of his native land, and on the 1st PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 595 of August, 1853, left Germany for America, cross- ing the Atlantic on a sailing vessel. He arrived at Quincy, Illinois, on the loth of December of that year and began working out by the day. He was employed for some time in this way, and later followed teaming for several years. Subsecjuently lie removed to the country and turned his atten- tion to farming in the southern part of Adams county, carrying on general agricultural pursuits for about fifteen years. In 1893 he took up his abode in Hull, where he resided for eleven years, when he sold his residence there to his son, J. W. Kuhlman, and removed to Quincy, where he has since lived retired, having a comfortable Iiome at No. 919 South Eighth street. He has for several years been engaged in no active busi- ness pursuits, for the years of his former toil supplied him with a capital that now enables him to rest in well earned ease. At the time of the Civil war his sympathies were with the Union ■cause, and in February, 1865, he enlisted in Com- pany H, One Hundred and Forty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Heidbreder. He was in Arkansas until the close of the war, and was discharged in November, 1865, at Springfield, Illinois, after which he returned to ■Quincy. On the 1 8th of January, 1854, Peter H. Kuhl- man was married to Fredericka Meyer, who was bom in Germany, April 28, 1824, and was a daughter of Henry and j\Iary (Bemeyer) ]\Iyer. Her father died when she was but six weeks old, and the mother's death occurred in Germany in 185 1. Unto ;\[r. and Mrs, Kuhlman were born five sons and five daughters, of whom six are now living, namely : Herman, who resides at Hull : William, of St. Louis, Missouri ; Henry, who' is living in Canada ; John W. ; Edward, who resides upon a farm near Hull ; and Julia, of Colorado. Peter H. Kuhlman and his wife are members of the Lutheran church in Quincy. In politics he has long been a stanch republican, but has never held nor desired office. J. W. Kuhlman was educated in the schools of Quincy, and began life on his own account at the age of twenty-five years. He and his brother Henry then entered the implement business at Hull, and he has since been connected with this trade with the exception of a period of a year and a half, which he spent as a traveling salesman in the employ of the Collins Plow Company of Quincy. He was traveling during 1902 and 1903, and was especially successful as a salesman of hay presses. Since his retirement from the road, he has been sole proprietor of the business at Hull, and he carries a fine line of farming imple- ments, machine oil, pumps, harness supplies, whips and a general line of kindred goods. He now has a fine business, a liberal patronage hav- ing been accorded him, and his annual sales have reached a large figure. On the 2d of January, 1898, J. W. Kuhlman was married to Miss Lilla Miller, who was born De- cember 22, 1875, in Westfield, Massachusetts. She is a daughter of Gustave and Emma (West) Frohlick. Her father was born October 9, 1843, in Baden, Germany, and is now living in Kings- ton, New York. He is a veteran of the Civil war, having given his services to the government during the dark days of our country's history. His wife was born March 12, 1856, in London, England, and died July 2"], 1877, in Westfield, Massachusetts. After the death of the mother, ]\Irs. Kuhlman went to live with her grandmother West, and subsequent to the grandmother's death, she was adopted by Jarvis W. and Adda B. (Bowker) ]\tiller. ;\Ir. Miller was born in South Adams, Massachusetts, June 4, 1849, and his wife's birth occurred there July 13, 1850. They were married December 26, 1869, and they adopted Mrs. Kuhlman in October, 1877. Her own mother had died of heart disease when twen- ty-one years of age, leaving two little children, but the son died in early life. When Mrs. Kuhl- man was but four years of age her foster-par- ents came to the west, locating in Hannibal, Mis- souri, and she attended the convent there. She afterward went to Plainville, Illinois, to live with ]\Irs. Miller's mother, Mrs. Hepsy Bowker, and during that time she also attended school. She there resided up to the time of her marriage on the 2d of January, 1898. Her foster-mother is now the wife of Dr. J. H. Aleshire, of Plainville. Adams county, Illinois, one of the old practi- tioners of that county, who has follow^ed his pro- fession in that locality for more than thirty vears. 596 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. He is now pleasantly situated in life, having a beautiful home in Plainville and a good practice; and he and his wife are a most estimable and highl\- esteemed old couple of their community. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Kuhlman have been born four children: Fav F., born February 21, 1899; Adda Rice, February i, 1900; John Merl, July 25, 1901 ; and Dorothy Lilla, September 17, 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Kuhlman ma}' well feel proud of their family of beautiful children. Theirs is a model home ; and the husband and wife enjoy in large measure the friendship and kindly regard of all with whom they have come in contact. In his political views he is a republican, and for several terms has served on the town board. Socially he is connected with the Masons and the Odd Fellows. There is in him a lack of ostentation and display and a true worthy character, that have made him one of the respected and leading citizens of the community ; and his nature, too, is such as wins warm personal friendship. WILLIAM MYERS, Jr. William Myers, Jr., is a farmer, practical, pro- gressive and prosperous. He resides upon his father's old homestead in Barry township ; and his birth occurred in New Salem township, Pike county, on the 13th of March, 1855. His parents were William and Mary (Wike) Myers. The father was born in Cumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, July 15, 1819, and was a son of Jacob Myers, whose father, Jacob Myers, Sr., is sup- posed to have been a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, whence he removed to West Penns- boro township, Cumberland county, taking up his abode in the midst of a dense forest. Upon his farm there was a stone house, while a small clear- ing had been made ; and he began business there as an agriculturist and blacksmith, spending his remaining days upon that place. He married Mar- garet Marat, who also died in Cumberland county. Jacob Myers, grandfather of William Myers, Jr., was born in Cumberland count}' in 1795. and from his father purchased the old family home- stead, upon which he continued to reside until 1848. He then came to Illinois, setding in Pike county, where he made his home until his. death at the age of seventy-six years. He wedded Lydia Lyne, a daughter of William Lyne, and a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, where her death occurred. William Myers, Sr., acquired his education in his native county, and made his home with his parents up to the time of his marriage. In 1848 he came to Illinois, traveling by team to Wheel- ing and thence by boat to Cincinnati, where he landed. He had brought a team with him, and from that city drove all the way to Barry, Illi- nois. After his arrival he rented land for a year, and then purchased a farm in New Salem township, upon which he lived for five years, when he bought the farm upon which William Myers, Jr., now resides. His agricultural in- terests became extensive and profitable, his pos- sessions aggregating four hundred acres of as fine farming land as could be found in the county, and upon the property he made excellent improve- ments. He was married in 1844 to Miss Mary Wike, a native of Cumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, and a daughter of George and Mary Wike. They became the parents of six children, of whom four are living. Both parents are now deceased, the mother having passed away in August, 1887, while the father's death occurred in May, 1895. In politics Mr. Myers was a democrat and was a very prominent and influential resident of his community. Among those who knew him his word was as good as any bond; and he well mer- ited the success which crowned his earnest and indefatigable efforts. In the evening of life he was enabled to enjoy many comforts and luxuries which were unknown to him in his earlier years, and which were made possible through his earnest and persistent labor in his early manhood. William Myers was educated in the public schools and in the State Normal School at Nor- mal, Illinois, where he pursued his studies for two years. He has always lived on the old home- stead with the exception of one year, which he spent in Texas, where he was engaged in the stock business. He and his brothers purchased six hundred and forty acres of land there, but ill health caused him to return to Pike county. He PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 597 owns one hundred and twenty acres of land where he now resides on section 34, r>arr\- town- ship, and ninety acres in Pleasant Vale township and he carries on general farming- and stock-rais- ing. The place is well fenced and the property is a valuable one. He has a good comfortable home which was built by his father in 1864, and his farm is situated about two and a half miles from Barry. In 1880 Mr. Myers was married to Miss Pau- line Bright, who was born in Pike county, Oc- tober 2, 1858, and is a daughter of William and Rosella (Osburg) Bright. Her father, well known as "Uncle Billy"' Bright, is a retired baker of Barry, and the number of his friends is almost co-extensive with the number of his acquain- tances. He was born in Westphalia, Prussia, April 25, 1825, and is a son of Joseph and Mary A. (Grause) Bright. He was educated in the common schools; and in 1844 enlisted in the German army for three years' service. In 1850 he came to America, making his way to Baltimore, Maryland, where he remained for six months, when he crossed the mountains to Pittsburg, Penn- sylvania, and then went down the Ohio river to St. Louis, Missouri, where he spent four years in the bakery business, having learned the trade while still a resident of Prussia. He came from St. Louis to Adams county, Ilhnois, and lived upon a farm for three years, after which he engaged in the bakery business in Barry. He was with the Twenty-eighth Regiment. of Illinois Vol- unteers in the Civil war, acting as baker for the regiment until the battle of Corinth in 1863, after which he returned home. He was married April 5, 1853, to Mrs. Rosella Sanger, nee Osburg, of St. Louis, Missouri, and they had six children, of whom five are now living: Fred W., who resides in Kansas City : Sylvania, at home ; Pauline, now Mrs. ]\Iycrs : Louis F., a merchant of Barry; Minnie, who is in the store with Louis ; and Aldo, deceased. The parents had traveled life's jour- ney together as man and wife for forty-nine years, eight months and seventeen days, when they were separated by the death of the mother, November 22, 1902. The father is now living retired and occupies a fine home in Barry. He is a democrat, and was supervisor of Barry township for four years, while for many years he has been school trustee. He has also been many times a delegate to the state conventions,. and has been recognized as one of the stalwart advocates of the party and a leader in its local circles. He is a communicant of the Catholic church, to which his wife also belonged. Mr. and Mrs. Myers have become the parents of five children : Mary, the wife of Charles S. Lippincott, who resides near her father ; Maude, the wife of George Gray, of New Canton; Clar- ence, Lewis and Ellis, all at home. Mr. Myers votes with the democracy, and has been school director for several terms and also commissioner of highways for several terms. He has been very successful as a business man, and in his interests has shown capable control and unfaltering enter- prise. He is a worthy representative of one of the old and prominent families of the county, and it is with pleasure that we present to our readers this history of the family, whose work has ever been an element in the substantial progress of the community. ROBERT EDMISTON. Robert Edmiston, deceased, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, at Barney Castle in December, 1830, and was a son of Archie and Nancy (Brown) Edmiston. He was educated in Ireland, remaining a resident of that country until thirty years of age, when he emigrated to America. He had one brother and two sisters, those still living being : Archibald, who resides in Aurora, Ne- braska ; Mrs. Sarah Cunningham, the widow of Thomas Cunningham, of Baylis. When Robert Edmiston lived in Ireland, he would herd cattle barefooted ; and he only had money enough to bring him to the new world. He crossed the Atlantic on a sailing vessel and emp- tv-handed, but with a courageous heart, began life in a strange land. He was married July 25, 1871, to Miss Ann Plolt, who was born in the state of New York, January 20, 1847, and was a daughter of Charles and Martha (Howard) Holt, both of whom were natives of England, whence the}" can^.e to America at an early day. In 1848 598 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. the\- removed from the Empire state to Illinois, settling in the southeast part of Adams county, where the mother spent her remaining days, her death occurring in 1852. The father afterward married again, and in later years came to. Baylis, where his last da}s were passed. He owned one farm of two hundred and forty acres and another tract of one hundred and thirty acres nearby. He carried oil both blacksmithing and general farm- ing; and he cleared his land, grubbing away the stumps, and carrying forward the work of im- provement along modern lines. In the early days, however, he lived in true pioneer style. His first house had no regular floor, although boards were laid down upon the ground. He cut the timber in order to build the house ; and as the years passed, he put away the evidences of pioneer life for the improvements of an advanced civilization. In his family were three children, born of his first marriage : Charles, who is living in Baylis ; Mrs. Martha Sykes, a resident of Colorado; and Mrs. Edmiston. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Edmiston were born three children : Leah, Charles and Emmett, all of whom are with their mother. In 1869, Mr. Ed- miston purchased eighty acres of land on section 24, Hadley township, where his wife now resides, and to this propert)' he added two hundred acres. As his financial resources perinitted he invested in more land. He thus cleared and improved his farm which he fenced and cultivated, carrying on general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. He built a fine home and added other modern buildings, continuing to engage successfulh' in general agricultural pursuits up to the time of bis death, which occurred August 16, 1903. His widow now resides upon the home farm near i'.aylis, her sons operating the land. In his political views Air. Edmiston was a democrat, Ijut never cared for office. His sons have followed in his political footsteps. He held mcmljership in the Presbyterian church, to which his wife also belongs, and he displa_\'ed in his rela- tion with his fellowmen various commendable traits of character, which gained for him the trust and respect of those with whom he was associ- ated. His life was one of untiring activity, and .his persistent energy and sterling purpose gained for him the success which made him a representa- tive and substantial agriculturist of the commu- nity. His son Charles has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since Febru- ary, 1901. The family is well known in the com- munity, their home being a quarter of a mile west of the village ; and their interests are closely allied with those things which tend to prove of most benefit to the locality. WILLIAM M. HARVEY. William M. Harvey, residing in Griggsville, Illinois, has met with well merited success as a farmer and stock-raiser and has a wide and fa- vorable acquaintance in Pike county, owing to the extent of his business interests and his social qualities which have brought him many friends. He was born in Griggsville, December 2, 1846, and is a son of John W. and Nancy Harvey, na- tives of Ohio, who came to Pike county in 1839, when it was largely an undeveloped region. Aluch of the native timber was uncut and the sod had not been turned on many stretches of prairie land. Mr. Harvey became connected with the early development of the county and figured prominently in local interests. L'nder the parental roof William AI. Harvey was reared and the public schools afforded him the educational privileges which equipped him for the performance of the practical and respon- sible duties of life. For four years he worked in the office of custodian of surveys in Springfield, Illinois, and was an able and faithful official. With the exception of this period he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising and is the owner of one thousand one hundred acres of land situated near Griggsville, constituting a valuable |3ropert}'. The soil is productive so that golden harvests reward him for the care and labor which are bestowed upon the fields. The work of im- ])rovement is carried steadily forward in all de- partments of farm labor and Mr. Harvey has become one of the prosperous agriculturists of his communitv. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 599 On the 3d of February, 1876. William M. Har- vey was married to ^VIlss Elizabeth Turnbull, a daughter of William Turnbull, a prominent and noted old-time citizen. They have become the parents of two children, who are with them in Griggsville, namely: Raymond W'., who was married February i, 1905, to Ellen S. P)ierley : and Alary Grace, who was married August 30, 1904, to Harry C. Laird and they have one child, Florence Elizabeth, born November 2J . 1905. Mr. and Airs. Harvey are worthy citizens, highly esteemed by a large circle of acc|uaintances. A history of our subject shows that he has ever been reliable as well as energetic in his business life, while in social relations he has manifested those sterling traits which win warm friendships. AIILLARD FILLMORE GODWIN. Millard Fillmore Godwin, who is serving for the second term as a member of the honorable county board of supervisors, is classed with the representative citizens of Pike county and is also recognized as one whose opinions carry weight and influence in the local councils of the demo- cratic party. Moreover he is a prosperous and progressive farmer with valuable landed hold- ings, having six hundred acres in his home place, while in all of its ecinipments his farm is in keep- ing with the most advanced ideas concerning modern agriculture. His birth occurred in Ross township. Pike county, on the 23d of August. 1856. His father, George W. Godwin, was also a native of this county, born near Pittsfield in 1828, the grandfather having been one of the honored pioneer settlers here. In the place of his ■ nativity George W. Godwin was reared to man- hood amid pioneer conditions and environments, assisting in the arduous task of developing new land that made the life of the early settler a strenuous one. He was married here to Miss Mary E. Stewart, also a native of Pike county and in 1849 he made the overland trip to Califor- nia, spending two years in the mines of that state, meeting with a fair measure of success. He then returned by wav of the Panama route and New Orleans, proceeding up the Mississippi river and a little later he bought land and located in what is now Ross township. There he carried on farming until i860, wdien he sold his property and removed to Kansas, locating in Douglas county near Lawrence, where he again purchased land and devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1862 he lost his first wife and later married again. He continued a resident of Kan- sas for fifteen years and then sold his farm, after which he took up his abode in St. Louis county, Missouri, where he again purchased land, spend- ing his remaining days upon tliat property. Millard F. Godwin is one of two brothers born of the father's first marriage. He was with his father in Douglas county, Kansas, for fifteen )'ears and then accompanied the family on the removal to St. Louis county, Alissouri. He had fair school advantages, pursuing his studies in Lawrence, Kansas, and in Kirkwood, Missouri, and after arriving at mature years he went, in 1877, to Texas and was there employed on a cattle ranch. Subsequently he returned to Illi- nois, locating on the Mississippi bottoms, where he rented land and engaged in farming. In i88c; he purchased a part of his present farm and has since resided thereon. He began with one hun- dred and fourteen acres of land, which he com- menced to cultivate and improve. He has since erected a good, neat and substantial residence and has fair outbuildings and improvements. With his farming he makes a business of raising high grade cattle and hogs and feeds and fattens for the market from two to four carloads of stock annually. Mr. Godwin was married in Pike countv, Oc- tober 4. 1882, to Miss Fannie Yokem, a daugh- ter of William Yokem, who was one of the pio- neer residents of this county and a prosperous farmer and large landowner. He was also a man of considerable influence and left the im- press of his individuality upon public thought and opinion. LTnto Mr. and Mrs. Godwin have been born ten children : Homer ; William ; Net- tie and Emma, twins ; Harry F. ; Ruth : Mary ; Fannie ; Plallie ; and Lawrence. Throughout his residence in Pike county Mr. Godwin has continuously carried on farming and 600 I'AST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. his home place now comprises six hundred acres, for as his financial resources have increased he has extended the boundaries of his farm by addi- tional purchase from time to time. He also owns another farm in Martinsburg township and he has thus become one of the large landowners of the county, his business capacity and enterprise being indicated by his realty holdings, for he owes his success entirely to his well directed ef- forts. His interests have been carefully man- aged and he has brought keen discrimination and untiring industry to bear upon his business af- fairs, so that he is now one of the progressive farmers and successful stock-feeders, who occu- pies a position of affluence in Pike county. He has always voted with the democracy and in 1893 was elected supervisor of Pleasant Hill township. In 1904 he was again chosen for the office and is now serving for the second term as a member of the honorable county board. He is acting as a member of the committee on salaried offices, is chairman of the road and bridge committee, also a member of the railroad committee and presi- dent of the board of directors. Matters of local progress are of deep concern to him and elicit his earnest attention and active co-operation and whether in office or out of it he is always loyal to the public good. FINIS KILLEBREW. Finis Killebrew, in his farrhing operations, keeps fully abreast with the most modern methods of farming, using the latest improved machinery and all the accessories which facilitate farm work. Advancement along agricultural lines has been as rapid and pronounced as in any other depart- ment of labor, and Mr. Killebrew is a typical representative of this spirit of progress. He re- sides on section 6, Spring Creek township, where he has eighty acres of land. Mr. Killebrew was born in Calhoun county, Illinois, March 23, 1858. and is a son of Levi Killebrew, whose birth oc- curred in Scott county, Illinois. The paternal grandfather, James I. Killebrew, resided for a time in Missouri, and later removed to Scott county, where his son Levi was reared. Later he went to Calhoun county, where he purchased three hundred and twenty acres of land, which he cultivated up to the time of his death in 1902. He was married to Miss Mary Looper, a native of Greene county, Illinois, and a daughter of Daniel Looper. They became the parents of nine children. Finis Killebrew, the fourth in order of birth, was reared to manhood upon the old homestead farm in Calhoun county, where he assisted in the labors of the fields and also enjoyed the educa- tional advantages afforded by the common schools. He was twenty years of age when he started out to work by the month as a farm hand, being thus employed for two years, which gave him his start in life. On the 1st of September, 1881, Mr. Killebrew was united in marriage to Miss Thursa A. Stark, a native of Pike county and a daughter of John P. Stark, a native of Indiana. This marriage has been blessed with four daughters, all of whom' are living: Alta Esther, Bessie Maud, Neva Velma and Amanda Buella, all yet are under the parental roof. Following his marriage, Mr. Killebrew pur- chased one hundred and sixty acres of land two miles east of Nebo and later he bought forty acres more, so that he thus became the owner of a farm of two hundred acres, which he improved by building a good house and also good barns and outbuildings. He set out an orchard, cultivated the fields and continued to develop the property for twelve years, when in 1893 he sold out and bought where he now resides on section 6, Spring Creek township. He at once began the improve- ment of this farm, has built an addition to the house, has put up a windmill and stock scales, and has added other modern equipments until he now has a model and valuable farm. He raises some stock and feeds hogs for the market, and has been a shipper of cattle, hogs and hay for fifteen years, sending his shipments to various markets. His business views are penetrative, his methods practical. He seems to see readily to the center of things, and from the center to the outermost circumference of possibilities in the line of his business endeavor. r.VST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 60 1 Mr. Kiilebrew is a member of the Primitive Baptist church, and Mrs. Killebrew and their daughters are members of the Missionary Baptist church. Politically he is a republican where na- tional issues are involved, but at local elections is broad-minded enough not to be hampered by. party ties, when only the capability of the candi- date is a matter for consideration, and therefore votes independently at such times. He has held the office of highway commissioner for one term, and has been a member of the school board for nineteen years ; but the honors and emoluments of office have little attraction for him. He finds that his business aflfairs make sufficient demand upon his time and attention, and he has attained through his own labors his position as one of the sub- stantial and progressive farmers of the county. ABEL DUNHAM. Abel Dunham, who since 1893 has resided in the village of New Salem but superintends the operation of his farm, was born in Ohio on the 7th of April, 1843, his parents being Lewis and Sarah Ann (Nelson) Dunham. His paternal grandfather was William Dunham, a native of Maryland, and the great-grandfather was of English birth, becoming the founder of the fam- ily in America. William Dunham was reared to the occupation of farming and was married to Miss Mary Chaney, who was also a native of Maryland and her parents, like the Dunhams, came to this country about the time of the Revo- lutionary war. Mr. and Mrs. William Dunham lived in Maryland and Ohio until about the year 1845, but in the evening of life were residents of Illinois, where Mr. Dunham purchased a small farm in Griggsville township. There he died at the age of three score years and ten. His wife survived him for a number of years and also passed away on the old homestead on section 17, Griggsville township, at an advanced age. Both were active and devoted members of the United Presbyterian church and were people of strong religious faith, doing all in their power to pro- mote the work of the church and extend its influ- ence. They had a large family of children, of whom Lewis Dunham was the eldest. The birth of Lewis Dunham occurred in Mary- land, September 12, 1802, and he died at his home in New Salem township, September 14, 1866. Plis early life was passed in the state of his nativity, where he acquired his education. His marriage was probably celebrated in Ohio and he began his business life there as a farmer and cooper, making his home in that state until 1844, when in the month of April he came to Illi- nois. Three years later he settled on land of his own in New Salem township and was there suc- cessfully engaged in general farming. He was in limited financial circumstances at the time of his arrival in this county, but he became a com- paratively wealthy man and improved a valuable farm of two hundred and sixty acres. He was a useful citizen of the township and an active and conscientious worker in the United Brethren church. He was widely known for his truthful- ness, his industry and other valuable traits of character, which won for him the esteem of the community and the confidence of all with whom he was associated in business or social relations. In politics he was a stalwart democrat and his fellow townsmen, recognizing his worth and ability frequently called him to local office. His wife bore the maiden name of Sarah A. Nelson and was a native of Maryland. Her parents were Elisha and Mary (Stringer') Nelson, who were also natives of Maryland and are thought to have been of Scotch lineage. They were farm- ing people and after their marriage lived in Maryland, but later removed to Harrison countv, Ohio, where they resided until 1842, when they came to Illinois, spending their remaining days upon a farm which Mr. Nelson owned in New Salem township. Pike county. Thev were mem- bers of the LTnited Brethren church for manv years and were earnest Christian people. Their daughter, Sarah Nelson, who became the mother of Abel Dunham, was born in April, 1807, ^"d was reared in Maryland and Ohio. She came to Illinois with her husband, whom she sur- ^■ived for several years, passing awav when more than eighty years of age. She, too, was a con- sistent member of the United Brethren church 6o2 R\ST AXD PRESEXT OF PIKE COUNTY. and her Christian faith permeated her entire life and shaped her conduct toward those with whom she came in contact. She was the mother of nineteen children, nine of whom are still living. Her death occurred September 5, 1887, and her memory is vet cherished by many who knew her. Abel Dunham acquired a limited education in the common schools but much of his time was devoted to farm labor and throughout his entire life he has been connected with agricultural in- terests. He purchased his first tract of land in 1867, becoming the owner of a farm in New Salem township and since that time he has con- tinuously owned and operated farm property. He removed to New Salem in 1893 and he now employs a man to cultivate the fields, but super- intends the farm work himself. He owns three hundred acres of productive and valuable land in New Salem township, which is well improved, while the fields have been brought to a high state of cultivation. All of the improvements upon the property stand ert Edward Hess, owner, editor and pub- lisher of the Barry Adage, was born in Mil- waukee, Wisconsin, October 11, 1843. His father, Adam Valentine Hess, was a musician, devoting his life to the art. The son, after acquiring his education, entered a printing office and thus pre- pared for the business which he has made his PAST AND PRESENT OP PIKE COL'XTV 621 life work. When only eighteen wears of age he responded to the country's call for troops, serv- ing for years, from 1861 until 1864, as a soldier of the Union Army in the Civil war. On the 6th of June, 1874, he removed to Quincy, Plinois, and was editor of the Quincy Whig for a long period. On the ist of November, 1898, he took up his abode in Barry and is now publisher of the Barry Adage, a well conducted paper with a good circulation and advertising patronage. On the 6th of j\Iay, 1865, Mr. Hess was married in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Miss Sarah E. Fish- back. They have three sons, Chester A., Eugene L. and Gus R. Mr. Hess belongs to the following societies : The Ancient Order of United Work- men, of which he has been grand master for Illi- nois, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias fraternity. Of the last named he has been past chancellor and has b€en a member of the grand lodge of Odd Fellows. WILLIAM H. GOODWIN. William H. Goodwin, a merchant and constable of Rockport, thus actively connected with the village interests, his efforts being so directed that his public-spirited citizenship is a recognized element in his life, was born August 26, 1863, in Atlas township, and was reared to farm life on the homestead property of his father, Ben- jamin Goodwin, who was a native of Indiana and became a pioneer settler of Pike county. Thoroughout his entire life Benjamin Goodwin carried on farming, following that pursuit in order to provide for his family. He continued the work of the fields until his life's labors were ended in death in 1890, his last days being passed in his home near Dutch Creek church, while his remains were interred in the old Samuel Taylor cemetery about a mile and three-quarters from Rockport. He was a Union soldier during the Civil war, enlisting twice during the progress of hostilities, and he served with the Ninety-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry as a member of Com- pany B until the end of the war. He married Miss Minerva Billings, who is yet living at the ripe old age of sevent3'-five years. William H. Goodwin at the usual age entered a district school on Dutch creek about five miles from Rockport and therein pursued his studies, dividing his time between the work of the school- room and of the home farm. After puting aside his text-books he concentrated his energies upon general agricultural pursuits and was thus closely connected with farming interests in Pike county until September, 1899. At that date he put aside the work of the fields and removed to Rockport, taking up his abode in his present residence. Here he engaged in loaning money on chattel merchandise for a time and in December, 1901, he opened the general store which he is conduct- ing, having a good establishment, in which his carefully selected line of merchandise, combined with reasonable prices, finds favor with the public and secures a good patronage. On the 8th of September, 1887, Mr. Goodwin was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Flint, a daughter of Thomas P. and Mary E. (McCall- ister) Flint, both of whom are now deceased. Thev were natives of Pike county, Illinois, where thev spent their entire lives, and on being called to the home beyond their remains were interred in the Taylor cemetery near the Taylor school- house. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Goodwin were natives of Tennessee and her maternal grandparents were natives of Kentucky. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin have been born two children, Chloe and Grover. Interested in community affairs Mr. Goodwin has assisted in executing the plans for general improvement and progress and is recognized as one of the valued and representative citizens of the western part of Pike county. His earlier political allegiance was given to the democracy but during the past four years he has been an ad- vocate of republican principles and upon the ticket of the party was elected to the office of constable of Atlas township in April, 1905. He is in hearty s)nipathv with the teachings and principles of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and with the ^iodern Woodmen of America, in both of which fraternities he is a valued member. He has accumulated his possessions through his own 622 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. energy and is in the best sense of the term a self- made man. There have been no startling chap- ters in his life history but his record is that of one who has been true to duty in every environ- ment. He has recognized that the present and not the future holds his opportunity and that the conditions with which he has been surrounded have been sufficient for success if the individual has the perseverance and determination to utilize these for his own ends. This Mr. Goodwin has done and his life reeord has therefore been that of a successful farmer and merchant. H. D. FORTUNE, M. D. Dr. H. D. Fortune, who is one of the promi- nent members of the medical profession of Pike county and one of its old practitioners, is now living in Pleasant Hill, having followed his pro- fession in this village and vicinity for a third of a century. He located here in 1874 and his profes- sional service has been attended with a gratifying measure of success, while public opinion is un- divided concerning his ability. A native of Mis- souri, Dr. Fortune was born in Pike county on the 2ist of March, 1841, his father being Cap- tain R. C. Fortune, whose birth occurred in Nel- son county, Virginia, in 1803. The paternal grandfather, George Fortune, was also a native of Virginia and a soldier of the Revolution. Cap- tain R. C. Fortune was reared in the Old Do- minion and when a young man emigrated west- ward to Missouri, settling in Pike county in 1830. He had been married in his native state to Miss Mary Vaughan, who was born in Virginia and was of Welsh lineage. He became a farmer in Pike county and there successfully carried on general agricultural pursuits, reared his family and spent his last days. He was connected with many pioneer events and served as a captain in the Black Hawk war, the sword which he car- ried during that struggle being now in possession of his son. Dr. Fortune. His death occurred in 1872, his wife having passed away only a few days previously. Dr. Fortune was reared in Pike county, Mis- souri, and pursued his literary education in a select school. Having determined upon the pra^ tice of medicine as a life work he began readin in 1858 with Dr. M. N. Clark as his precepto At the time of the Civil war he enlisted in tl Confederate service as a member of Company I Third Missouri Infantry. He participated in number of engagements, the first being at Cai thage, Missouri, on the 5th of July, 1861. H was also in the battle at Wilson Creek and I was detailed as escort to take the body of Gener; Lyon to Springfield, Missouri, after that con mander fell. Subsequently he was in the battle c Fort Scott, Kansas, and his last engagemer was in Callaway county, Missouri, a most hotl contested engagement, the Union troops bein under command of General Prentiss. Dr. Foi tune was at that time attempting to get throug to the Confederate lines with new recruits. Th doctor managed to make his escape. E^ch sidf however, captured quite a large number of pri; oners from the other army, but they were ev changed the following day. Becoming disablec Dr. Fortune was honorably discharged in 186 and following his return home resumed the stud of medicine. He pursued his first course c lectures in the winter of 1863-4 in St. Loui Medical College and following his return horn entered the office of Dr. C. R. Banhead, a Paynesville, Missouri, with whom he studied dur ing the summer months. In the fall he again re sumed his college course and was graduated i: the spring of 1865. He had been studying unde different perceptors for about six years and ha' gained a broad and intimate knowledge of nc only the science of medicine but also of its prac tical workings. He entered upon the prosecutio: of his chosen profession in Paynesville, Missour where he remained in practice for about eighteei months, when he removed to Prairieville, Pik county, where he continued for several year; He then came to Pleasant Hill, Illinois, on the gtl of August, 1874, and, opening an office here, ha since given his time and energies to his profes sional duties, being accorded a very liberal pat ronage, which is indicative of the trust imposei in him by his fellow townsmen. Dr. Fortune was married first in Pike count on the 2d of September, 1865, to Miss E. 1 Dr. H. D. fortune PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 625 Dougherty, a native of Pike county. She died in Pleasant Hill, February 28, 1888, leaving four children: J. R., who is engaged in farming; G. D., now in Louisiana, Missouri ; Hallie M., at home ; and Dr. H. C. Fortune, who is also men- tioned in this work. On the 8th of August, 1892, Dr. H. D. Fortune was again married, his second union being with Julia Richards, who was born and reared in Pike county, Missouri. Politically Dr. Fortune has been a lifelong democrat, supporting the men and measures of the party since casting his first ballot for Samuel J. Tilden. He has never sought or desired politi- cal preferment, yet has served as health officer. He is a Master Mason, belonging to Pleasant Hill lodge. No. 565, A. F. & A. M., in which he is a past master. He has resided within twenty miles of his present home throughout his entire life and for a third of a century has lived in Pleasant Hill, where he is prominent both so- cially and professionally, his business having constantly grown until it has now reached exten- sive proportions, and is the source of a gratify- ing income. SAMUEL A. KEYS. Samuel A. Keys is the owner of a valuable and well improved farm of one hundred and seventy- five acres in Montezuma township, lying on sec- tions 27 and 34. He is one of the native sons of this township, his birth having occurred on the 4th of July, 1854. His parents were Andrew and Margaret (Armstrong) Keys, natives of Ireland, bom in County Fermanagh. They were mar- ried on the Emerald Isle and they became the parents of twelve children, nine of whom were born in Ireland, while three were born in this country after the emigration of the parents to the new world. Only three of the number are now living: Samuel A., who is the youngest of the family, Frank and Marjorie. Of those deceased John and Andrew were buried in Pittsfield, Illi- nois; Tom, Robert and Sarah Jane in the Keys graveyard on the old Frank Ke}'s farm ; and William and Joseph H. in the Green Pond ceme- tery in Montezuma township, Pike county. Bes- 31 sie died January 7, 1906. The father died No- vember 19, 1888, and was laid to rest in the old cemetery near Milton, while his wife Mar- garet died in 1879, and was buried in the Keys grave3fard, but afterward the remains were ex- humed and placed beside those of her husband in the Milton grave3fard. Samuel A. Keys of this review was reared in the usual manner of farmer lads, performing the duties of the iields from the time of the early spring planting until crops were harvested in the late autumn. In the winter seasons he attended the public schools, acquiring a fair knowledge of the common branches of studv. He was mar- ried, October 4, 1885, to Miss Delila A. Ligon, a daughter of John H. and Isabel (Bennett) Ligon. Her great-grandfather, Henrv Ligon, was a sol- dier of the Revolutionary war and died in Lincoln • county, Missouri, at an advanced age. Her fa- ther, John H. Ligon, was born in Lincoln county, Missouri, in 1836, and throughout his business career has devoted his time and energies to farm- ing. He is still living in Montezuma township, Pike count}^ at the age of seventy-two years — one of its respected and worthy citizens. His wife, who was born in Kentucky, April 6, 1839, and was married in Lincoln county, Missouri, is also living, and they have a pleasant hoine in Montezuma township. Unto them were born eight children: Delila, born October 13, 1859; Douglas. W., born December 13, i860; William H., July 6, 1862 : James R., December 6, 1863 ; Mary E., June 7, 1868; Charles E., November 16. 1869; Lura B., January 9, 1870; and John A., October 31, 1874. Of these, two are deceased — Charles E. and Lura B., the former having passed away in 1898, and the latter April 10, T903. Both were laid to rest in Green Pond cemetery. LTnto Mr. and Mrs. Keys were born three children: John A., who was born in Sep- tember, 1886, died July 26, 1888, and was buried in the Green Pond graveyard; Maud M., born March 8, 1888, is at home: and Harvey A., born April 25, 1889, died February 17, 1904, and was buried in the same cemetery as his brother. Mr. and Mrs. Keys and their daughter have a pleasant hom.e in Montezuma township, where his farm is well improved with modern equipments 626 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. and conveniences, the land having been brought under a high state of cultivation. Politically Mr. Keys is a republican, unfaltering and inflexible in his advocacy of the party and its principles. He keeps well informed on the questions of gen- eral interest, political and otherwise, and is deeply interested in community affairs, giving his co- operation to many movements for the benefit of his township and county. He and his wife and daughter Maud hold membership in the Chris- tian church. He has a wide acquaintance in the county where his entire life has been passed and where he has so directed his labors as to win signal success in his business life and friendly regard in his social relations. JOHN C. F. BOGGS. John C. F. Boggs, the owner of three hundred and ninety-seven acres of valuable land in Pike county, is one of the native sons of Illinois, born in Morgan county on the 8th of March, 1846. The family is of Scotch lineage and was founded in America by the great-grandfather of our subject, who settled in this country prior to the war for independence. His son, John Boggs, the grandfather, lived and died in Hamilton county, Ohio. His father, William G. Boggs, was born in Nova Scotia in 1803, and when a young lad was taken by his parents to Virginia, whence he afterward removed to Ohio with his father and mother. He arrived in Illinois about the year 1840 and later began farming on his own account in Morgan county, having one hundred and twenty acres of land. On this tract he built a log cabin, which he occupied until 1856, after which he spent two years in Jacksonville on ac- count of the health of his wife. On the 28th of September, 1857, he removed to Pike county, where he purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land that was partially improved. He placed the remainder under cultivation and car- ried on general farming, the fields becoming very productive, so that good harvests were annually gathered. He never cared for public office al- though he acted as school director. He kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day. however, and voted with the republican party. His religious faith was that of the Methodist Episcopal church and he was found straight- forward and honorable in all his relations with his fellowmen, never taking advantage of the necessities of another in any business transac- tions. William G. Boggs wedded Miss Caroline Fry, who was born in Chemung county, New York, April 11, 1820. His death occurred Janu- ary 7, 1876, while his wife departed this life De- cember 17, 1900, her last days being passed in Nebraska. They were the parents of four chil- dren, three sons and a daughter: Henry C, born in 1844, served for three years in the Civil war as a member of Company F, Ninety-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and is now living in Flor- ence, Colorado. John C. F. Boggs is the next of the family. Samuel H., born May 6, 1850, is now living in Trumbull, Clay county, Nebraska. Myra J., born April 29, 1856, married W. F. Cobb and is living in Chicago. The mother of our subject was born near Big Flats, New York, April 11, 1820, and was a daughter of Charles and Phoebe (Burk) Fry, who were also natives of the Empire state, where their ancestors settled at a very early period in the history of the new world, Mr. and Mrs. Fry becoming residents of Illinois in the latter part of the '30s, taking up their abode in Morgan county, where their remaining days were passed. It was at Meredosia, Morgan county, that Mr. and Mrs. Boggs were married in 1842. John C. F. Boggs is indebted to the public- school system of Morgan and Pike counties for the educational privileges he enjoyed, having come to the latter with his parents when eleven years of age. He early became familiar with all the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist and has made farming his Hfe work.' As a companion and helpmate on life's journey he chose Miss Sarah M. Staufler, whom he wed- ded on Christmas day of 1879. She was born August 18, 1853, of the marriage of John and Sarah (Hilliard) Stauffer. Her fether was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1817, and the mother's birth occurred in Virginia, Janu- ary 4, 1814. Both reached an advanced age, Mr. StauiTer passing away in Fairmount township. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 627 .April 25, 1885, and his wife in the same town- ship, November 6, 1882. When a boy Mr. Stauf- fer accompanied his parents on their removal from Pennsylvania to Ohio and later came with them to Ilhnois, where they settled about 1834. He attended the public schools in this state, was married at the age of twenty-three years and then started out in life on his own account. He en- tered eighty acres of timber land from the gov- ernment, from which he cut the trees and pre- pared the land for plowing. His marriage to Miss Hilliard was celebrated in her father's dou- ble log cabin. The young couple built them a home of logs on forty acres of land, which the wife had entered from the government. The fur- niture in the little home consisted mostly of stools and a table which Mr. Staufifer made. Later he bought more land and became one of the most prosperous farmers and extensive property hold- ers of the locality, having eighteen hundred acres at the time of his death. Pie was a very promi- nent and influential citizen and his political alle- giance was given to the whig party. He acted as justice of the peace and school director and he belonged to the Christian church. In their family were nine children, of whom seven are vet living: George W., born October 13, 1840, was a mem- ber of Company D, Fiftieth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, and is now residing in Missouri ; Jacob E., born January 19, 1842, served with Company F, of the Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry, now resid- ing in Missouri; Mary E., born August 19, 1843, is the wife of Jasper Seybold and they reside in Harvard, Qay (jpunty, Nebraska ; Louisa died in infancy; William H., born January 23, 1847, '^ living in New Salem township; Nancy L., born April 16, 1850, is the wife of John Hofifsess, of Missouri ; Mrs. Boggs is the next of the family ; John C, born August 7. 1855, is living in Fair- mount township. Their youngest child died in infancy. Unto our subject and his wife have been born four children, of whom one died in infancy, while John W.. born November 5, 1882, died October 3. 1897. Chrissie H., born September 12, 1886. and Sarah E., October 4, 1891, are at home. Before his marriage John C. F. Boggs began farming for himself upon eighty acres of land in Piatt county, Illinois, where he remained for four years. He then returned to Fairmount township, where he resumed general agricultural pursuits and subsequently he purchased the interests of of the other heirs in the old homestead property in 1878. He has since added to this tract until within its borders are now comprised three hun- dred and ninety-seven acres of valuable land all under cultivation except about one hundred acres of timber. He has just completed a new residence built in modern style of architecture and supplied with all the conveniences and comforts that go to make a desirable home. He has been engaged in general farming and stock-raising upon this place for the past twenty-three years and its excellent appearance indicates his careful supervision and earnest efforts. He has never wished public of- fice but has given his undivided attention to his business affairs, in which he has met with grati- fying success. He holds membership in the Church of Christ and in politics is a stanch repub- lican. His farm gives every evidence of careful supervision and practical methods and the owner is a man who in his business relations has been found thoroughly reliable and trustworthy. He has therefore gained the respect of his fellowmen and has also won warm friendships by reason of a genial manner and cordial disposition. W. H. MEISENBACH. W. H. Meisenbach, practical and progressive, is one of the oldest merchants of Pike county, conducting a large and profitable business in Pearl. He was born in Bedford on the 17th of September, 1858, his parents being Charles and Caroline (Lange) Meisenbach, both of whom were natives of Germany, whence they came to Amer- ica in 1849. The father settled in St. Louis and there he formed the acquaintance of Miss Caroline Lange, to whom he was married on the nth of October, 1857. He afterward took up his abode in Bedford, Pike county, where he engaged in blacksmithing for a year and in 1859 he removed to Bee Creek, where he continued to work at his trade until 1872. He then abandoned black- 628 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. smithing in order to engage in merchandising and in various speculations and in 1882, associated with his son, W. H. Meisenbach, he opened a store at Pearl, the relation between them being maintained until 1894, when he sold out to his son and partner, who has since successfully carried on the business. In the meantime the father had made extensive and judicious investments in real estate, becoming the owner of over one thousand acres of the best farming land in Pike and Cal- houn counties. His property is ver}' valuable and returns to him a large annual income. He is now permanently retired from active business cares and is living with his wife at Whitehall, Illinois. His life record stands as a splendid ex- ample of what may be accomplished through de- termined and earnest effort and the exercise of good business judgment. Unto Mr. and Mrs. INIeisenbach were born seven children, namely : W. H., of this review: Charles D., deceased; a son who died in infancy unnamed ; August ; Louisa F., Albert E. ; and Julia C. W. H. Meisenbach acquired a good common- school education and has carried on business for himself since 1882, when his father placed him in charge of their general mercantile store in Pearl. He is an active, prosperous and leading mer- chant, carrying a large and well selected line of goods and meeting with excellent success in his undertakings. He was associated with his father until 1894, when he purchased his partner's inter- est and became sole proprietor. He has since con- ducted the business alone and has found it a profitable undertaking. In addition he also owns four hundred acres of valuable farming land,, of which one hundred and fift)' acres is devoted to fruit, while the remainder is used for the cultiva- tion of cereals or for pasturage, and in the town of Pearl he has a beautiful residence. On June 20, 1884, Mr. Meisenbach was united in marriage to Miss Kate I. Stillwell, a daughter of James and Catharine Stillwell, of Pike countv, Illinois. She was one of the prominent teachers of this coimt}' and was acting as principal of the public schools of Pearl at the time of her mar- riage. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Aleisenbach have been bom eight children: Eloise, Plalbert L., Carolyn, Rollin, Vera, Plilda Catharine, Hila and Carl Meisenbach. Of these all are yet living with the exception of Halbert L., who died at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Meisenbach is one of the most prominent, successful and leading citizens of Pearl and has done much for the welfare and upbuilding of the town. His influence is ever on the side of right, progress and improvement. In politics he is and has always been a stanch prohibitionist and has ardently advocated the temperance cause, feeling that it is best for the interests of the community. He was elected on the first temperance board of Pearl and proposes to keep up his work in this di- rection. He belongs to Milton lodge. No, 275, A. F. & A. M., Nebo camp. No. 970, M. W. A., and both he and his wife are prominent and influ- ential members of the Baptist church of Pearl. He has a very wide and favorable acquaintance and in business life has made a splendid record, never incurring obligations that he does not meet nor making engagements that he does not fill. FRANK CLAUS. Frank Claus, a general merchant of Atlas, who has followed the "merit system" in his business career, winning success because he deserves it, owing to honorable and straightforward methods and earnest desire to please his customers, was born in Maroa, Macon count}^, Illinois, on the 24th of January, 1868. He was but four years of age when brought to Pike county by his par- ents, George and Cyrena (Carey) Claus. The father was a native of Germany, and crossed the Atlantic to America about 1853, settling at first in Ohio. He afterward came to Illinois, settling in Pike county. Following his marriage he re- moved to Maroa, Macon county, the birthplace of our subject ; and about 1872 he again came with his family to Pike county, settling in Derry township. He was a farmer by occupation, de- voting his entire life to general agricultural pur- suits. In the family were a son and daughter, but the latter, Josephine Claus, died in 1888 and was buried in the West cemetery at Pittsfield. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 629 When Frank Claus first came to Pike county \ie resided with his grandfather, Peter Carey, a pioneer farmer of Derry township, who came to this county from New York city in 1837. During the gold excitement in California in 1849 ^^h*^ grandfather went to the Pacific coast accompanied by Carlisle Burbridge, William Gorden and Isaac Holman, of Pike county. They made an overland trip with ox teams, and eventually reached the land of gold; but, not meeting with the success they had anticipated in their search for fortune, they all returned, but separately, to Pike county. Here Peter Carey took up the pursuit of farming again, which he continued until the disabilities of age prevented his further active work. He died in 1899 at his home in Derry township, hav- ing for several years survived his wife, who passed away in 1884, in Macon county, Illinois. Frank Claus was reared in his grandfather's home, and acquired his primary education in the district ' schools of Derry township, while later he attended the public schools of Pittsfield. His work during the summer months enabled him to continue his studies through the winter seasons, for he depended entirely upon his own resources in order to meet the experises of his school course. Later he engaged in teaching school in Atlas for a year, and subsequently taught in various coun- try schools in Pike county for about ten years, proving an able educator. After putting aside the duties of the schoolroom in 1898, he built his present store in Atlas and stocked it with a large line of dry goods, groceries, hardware, boots and Shoes, drugs and notions. In this business he h is since continued, meeting with good success. He now has a well appointed store, and through his honorable methods and unfaltering energy, has secured a large and paying trade. On the 8th of September, 1897, Mr. Claus was united in marriage to Miss Marietta Dodge, a daughter of Harland P. and Emma T. (Carter) Dodge. The father was a native of Maine, and after his marriage, came to Pike county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming and levee work, be- ing recognized as an expert authority on matters connected with the building of levees. He diM in Atlas, June 27, 1899. His wife and three chil- dren survive him. Mrs. Dodge with two daugh- ters resides in Louisiana, Missouri. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Claus have been born four children: Frank Leslie, who was born September 5, 1898; Harold P., December 27, 1900; Eugene C, Feb- ruary 27, 1903; and Edna May, May 31, 1905. In his political views Mr. Claus is an earnest and stalwart republican, who has long upheld the principles of the party. He holds membership re- lations with the Masonic fraternity, the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of America. Dependent upon his own resources for his education, as well as for his business advancement, he early displayed the ele- mentary strength of his character in strong a:nd earnest purpose, which enabled him to prose- cute his studies in the face of difficulties. Throughout his entire life he has shown marked self-reliance and business activity, coupled with sound judgment and resolution-; and he certainly deserves much credit for the success he has ac- complished as the years have gone by. GEORGE D. BUSH. George D. Bush, one of the leading merchants of Pike county, who has been an active business man of Nebo for fourteen years, dates his resi- dence in Illinois from 1880 and since 1891 has lived in this section of the state. His birth oc- curred in Jefferson county, New York, on the 27th of March, 1842. He is a son of O. E. Bush, a native of Vermont and a grandson of Squire Bush, who was one of the early settlers of New York, taking up his abode in Jefferson county in 1803. O. E. Bush ivas there reared and edu- cated and when he had attained man's estate he was married there to Miss Janette Heald, a na- tive of Jefferson county and a daughter of David Heald, who was born in Vermont and became one of the first settlers of Jefferson county. New York. He was influential and active in public af- fairs there and served as the first supervisor of Antwerp township. O. E. Bush was a farmer by occupation and an active business man. He went to California in 1849, making the overland trip and spent twenty years upon the Pacific coast 630 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. engaged in mining and farming. After he had been there for a time he was joined by his fam- ily. Eventually he returned to the east, locat- ing at Colecamp, Missouri, whence he removed to Ceredo, West A'lrginia, where he lived re- tired up to the time of his death, which occurred about 1888 or 1889. His wife died two years later. George D. Bush was reared in Jefferson coun- ty, New York, and was a student in the public schools there. When a young man he entered upon his business career as a clerk in Watertown and was thus employed for several years. In 1861 he went to California, joining his father's family there and in that state he accepted a posi- tion in a mercantile house at Chico, where his business capacity and enterprise won him promo- tion and eventually secured his admission to the firm as a partner under the style of Chapman, Titcom & Bush, general merchants. He thus continued at Chico for several years, doing a good business, but eventually sold out on account of poor health and removed east to Missouri, locating at Colecamp in Benton county, where he carried on business for two years. On the ex- piration of that period he disposed of his busi- ness there and returned to California, where he again engaged in merchandising and when he once more sold out on the Pacific coast he made his way to West Virginia, where he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits continuing upon a farm there until coming to Illinois. Locating in Calhoun county, this state, he once more bought out an established business, which he conducted for three years, when he disposed of his store and removed to Frankford. There he again bought a store and sold goods for eight years and in 1 89 1 he came to Nebo and estab- lished a new store in this village. He has been quite active in business here. He put in a large stock of general merchandise and now occupies three large store rooms, well filled with goods of every description found in a first-class estab- lishment of this kind. He has built up a large and profitable trade and is recognized as one of the leading business men of the county. In 1867, in Keokuk, Iowa, Mr. Bush was mar- ried to Miss Man' Lee, a native of Illinois, where she was reared and educated. There are three children of this marriage. Charles Bush, the eldest, is married and is a partner in his fa- ther's mercantile business. His education was acquired in Keokuk and Frankford. Nettie is the wife of Dr. Walter Urban, a dentist of Perry- ville, Missouri. Harry is married and clerks in his father's store in Nebo. Politically Mr. Bush has been a lifelong re- publican, having supported the party since cast- ing his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lin- coln. He takes a great interest in the political affairs of the country but has never sought of- fice, giving his unremitting attention to his busi- ness. He and his wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church of Nebo and since 1863 he has been identified with the Independent Or- der of CJdd Fellows, which he joined in Cali- fornia. He has served through various chairs, and is past grand of the lodge with which he now holds membership. For a quarter of a cen- tury he has made his home in Illinois and since coming to Nebo has been thoroughly identified with the interests of Pike county. An active, prosperous merchant and public-spirited citizen, his labors have been effective in promoting gen- eral progress and improvement as well as indi- vidual success and the public opinion regard- ing his ability and worth is very favorable. Mr. Bush is a close observer and his knowledge, gained from travel and experience, is^ of great value to him and a pleasure to those with whom he meets. In 1865-6 he visited Central America and Mexico and on several occasions has visited the provinces of Canada, besides having been over many parts of the L^nited States. A. M. APPLEGATE. A. M. Applegate is a grain-dealer of Pearl, whose intense and well directed efforts have made him a leading representative of business activity in Pike county. The unostentatious routine of private life, although of vast importance to the welfare of the community, has not figured to any great extent on the pages of history, but the names PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 631 of men who have distinguished themselves by the possession of those quahties of character which mainly contribute to the success of private life and to the public stability and who have en- joyed the respect and confidence of those around them should not be permitted to perish. Their example is more valuable to the majority of read- ers than that of heroes, sitatesmen and writers, as they furnish means of subsistence for the mul- titude, whom in their useful careers they have employed and promote the commercial activity whereon depends the welfare of ever}^ community. Such are the thoughts that involuntarily come to our minds when we consider the life of him whose name introduces' this review and who has made a splendid record in business circles and is to- day in control of an extensive grain trade. Mr. Applegate was born in Spring Creek town- ship, Februay 22, 1871. His parents were Har- rison C. and Ellen (Stone) Applegate. The paternal grandparents were James Monroe, who was born October 31, 1804, and Jerusha (Stark) Applegate, born February 16, 1816. The former came to Illinois and engaged in farming here until his death on March 5, 1874. His wife lived to an advanced age and spent her last days in Texas, dying on February 5, 1898. The mater- nal grandparents of Mr. Applegate were Nathan and Mildred Stone, who both died in 1874. He was a farmer, stock-raiser and butcher and both died in Pike county. Harrison C. Applegate was born July 17, 1843, in Indiana and became a farmer of Illinois, removing to his state with his parents in pioneer times. For many years he was closely associated with agricultural inter- ests in Pike county and he died in Spring Creek township on March 14, 1874. His wife was born August 26, 1850, in Kentucky, her parents, who were natives of Virginia, having come to this state at an early day. Following the death of her first husband she was married in the fall of 1880 to Martin Whalen, of Greene county, Illinois. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Applegate were born two children, the sister, who was the young- er, being Viola Applegate, who still resides with her mother in Pearl., By the second marriage there were three children, namely : Mary, Jennie and James Whalen. A. M. Applegate acquired his primary education in the country schools of his native township and afterward continued his studies in White- hall, Greene county, Illinois, to which place the family removed in 1881. In the spring of 1882 they became residents of Pearl and here Mr. Applegate completed his education. Hp suc- cessfully passed a teacher's examination in 1885, but decided not to give his attention to the work of public instruction and entered upon his business career in connection with the grain trade, becoming an employ of I. L. Lemon, a grain merchant of Pearl, who was afterward suc- ceeded by Joseph Schultz, Sr. Mr. Applegate remained in his employ until the spring of 1896, when Mr. Schultz made an assignment. A receiver was appointed and the plant was rented by the receiver to Mr. Applegate until the ad- justment of the property under his charge. Our subject then purchased the plant under the fore- closure and thus embarked in the grain trade on his own account. The property at that time con- sisted of the warehouse, corn crib and corn sheller, located on the line of the Chicago & Alton Rail- road. Bringing to his business great enterprise, thorough understanding of the trade and a land- able ambition, Mr. Applegate gradually increased his business and in time found it necessary to provide a grain elevator, which he erected at a cost of four thousand dollars, including machinery and a gasoline engine. It was constructed in 1903 and is a fine structure, having storage ca- pacity for fifteen thousand bushels. It is pro- vided with a Hopper scale and necessary cleaner for weighing and handling grain for shipment. The corn crib has a storage capacity of ten thou- sand bushels of ear corn. Mr. Applegate is now conducting a large and profitable business and in addition to the operation of his elevator and management of his other interests he buys salt in carloads and supplies to the wholesale and retail trade and in the same way handles northern seed potatoes. Mr. Applegate is a member of the Illinois Grain Dealers Association and is one of Pike county's most prosperous and public-spirited citizens, who has contributed largely to the prosperity and welfare of Pearl. Considering the limited opportunities which he Gi2 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. enjoyed in his youth he has achieved much more success than is ordinarily gained and is indeed one of the most prosperous, energetic and re- spected business men of Pearl township. He is a self-made man, who without any extraordinary family or pecuniary advantages at the commence- ment of life has battled earnestly and energetically and by indomitable courage and integrity has achieved both character and prosperity, having by sheer force of will and untiring effort worked his way upward. BLUFORD HEAVNER. Bluford Heavner, a banker and merchant at Pearl, was born October 25, 1858, near Time, Hardin township, and is a son of Oliver and Sa- rah (Brace) Heavner. The father was a native of Kentucky, born near Bowling Green and about 1840 came to Pike county, after which he carried on general agricultural pursuits in Hardin town- ship up to the time of his death, which occurred, however, in Calhoun county, Illinois, in the latter part of August, 1885. His wife was born in Hardin township in 1834. The paternal grand- father, Samuel Heavner, came from Kentucky to Illinois in the latter part of his life and died near Bayville, Pike county. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for Bluford Heavner in his boyhood days. He spent his youth in his parents' home, acquired his education in the country schools of Pike and Calhoun counties and worked in the fields through the summer months, assisting largely in the farm labor. It was in 1871 that he removed with his father's family to the vicinity of Belleview, Calhoun county, where he completed his education. He continued a resident of that county until 1880, during which time he was engaged in general agricultural pursuits, but thinking that he would find other business interests more congenial he re- turned to Pike county and located at Pearl, where he has resided continuously since. Here he first engaged in the drug business but after a few years sold his interest in this line and turned his attention to general merchandising. Soon after- ward he added a line of furniture and under- taking goods and he continues this branch of his business. He has a large and well selected stock of hardware and furniture and his business is carefully conducted, so that he is enabled to real- ize a good financial return from his investment. He has never been known to overreach his fellow- men in a business transaction but is just and straightforward and has secured a liberal patron- age. In July, 1905, in connection with Mr. Han- ker he was one of the organizers of the Bank of Hillview and thus become an active factor in financial circles in Pike county. Mr. Heavner belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows with which he has affiliated for eighteen years and he likewise has membership relations with the Knights of Pythias. He is a self-made man in every sense of the term and while promoting his individual interests he has also labored earnestly for the general welfare. He opposes strongly every measure which he be- lieves inimical to the public good and at the same time supports with earnest and unfaltering loyalty any plan or measure which he deems will prove of public benefit. It is said that he and his asso- ciate in the banking business, Mr. Manker, have done more for Pearl than any five residents of the village. Mr. Heavner is a representative of a pioneer family and from an early period in the development of the county the name has ever stood as a synonym for good citizenship and de- voted loyalty to- the interests of both public and private life. HARRY A. MASSIF. The subject of this sketch was born in New Canton, Illinois. April 11, 1868, and is a son of M. D. and Mary E. Massie. He was educated in the schools of New Canton and spent two years at the Western Normal College at Bush- nell, Illinois. He learned telegraphy when quite young and after leaving school accepted a posi- tion with the Missouri Pacific Railway as tele- graph operator and has since worked in the fol- lowing states as an operator and train dispatcher: Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, HARRY A. MASSIE PAST AND. PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 635 Colorado, Wyoming and Illinois, the principal cities in which he worked being Kansas City. Missouri, Atchison, Kansas, Little Rock and Pine Bluff, Arkansas, Denver, Colorado, and Grand Island, Nebraska. In March, 1903, he moved back to New Canton and succeeded his father in the general merchandise business and is conducting a successful business now. Air. Massie was united in marriage in 1887 with Aliss Lucretia Crews, of New Canton. They have had three children : Lelah, Paul and Helen. The youngest, Helen, died at the age of nearly eleven years. Mr. Massie is a member of the Woodmen, Mutual Protective League, Knights and Ladies of Security and Knights of Pvthias. He is one of the town trustees and is a useful and energetic citizen. SAMUEL MOORE. Samuel Moore, a retired farmer living in New Salem, is a native of Harrison county, Ohio, his birth having there occurred on the 12th of Octo- ber, 1842. His parents, John and Sarah (Simp- son) Moore, were both natives of Allegany county, Maryland, born near Harper's Ferry. The paternal grandfather, John Moore, Sr., was for seven years a soldier in the American army in the Revolutionary war. The maternal grand- father, Reese Simpson, was also one of the he- roes of the Revolution, being for two years on the sea as a member of the navy and for five years operating with the military forces on land. Soon after their marriage John and Sarah (Simpson) Moore, traveling on horseback, made their way to Ohio and located on a farm in Harrison county, where they remained until 1844, when they came to Pike county, Illinois. They located first at Quincy, however, where they spent nine months and then took up their abode in New Salem township. Pike county, about three miles northeast of New Salem. Mr. Moore entered forty acres of government land, which he cleared and improved, building there- on a log house in which he raised his family. He spent the remainder of his life in New Salem township, devoting his energies to general agri- cultural pursuits, and there his death occurred in 1885. He was one of the worthy pioneer resi- dents of the community and aided in the early work of improvement and progress in pioneen- times. His wife survived him for about ten years, passing away in 1895. In their family were six children, of whom four are yet living, namely : Samuel ; Marcus, who resides in New Salem township ; Fliram, who is living in El- dara township ; and Mrs. Guldy Carnes, a resi- dent of Maysville and the mother of S. E. and George Carnes and Mrs. Gay Williamson, well known in this countv. Samuel Moore was educated in the common schools of New Salem township and began work when twelve years of age, being employed at farm labor for seven years. When he was twen- ty-four years of a,ge he invested his earnings in one hundred and sixty acres of land about a mile and a half southeast of New Salem, all being covered with timber. He cleared a part of this and built a house in 1866. He fenced the entire quarter section and cleared twenty-five acres of the land, after which he traded the farm for eighty acres in Christian county, Illinois, but still lived in New Salem township. He after- ward traded his property in Christian county for land in New Salem township, added to it by additional purchase and is now the owner of two hundred and forty acres not far from the old family homestead on which he was reared. He also has a tract of thirty-seven acres near by which is in grass. He continued in active farm- ing until 1897, when he put aside the work of the fields and took up his abode in New Salem, since which time he has made several trips to California. He owns a fine block of land and a beautiful residence which he purchased, it being a large two story square house, comfortable and convenient in arrangement, and tastefully fur- nished. He has also a good barn upon the place. His farm is well improved and returns to him a very gratifying income. On the i6th of October, 1862, Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Amanda Dunham, a daughter of the Rev. Abel and Rachel (Harden) Dunham. The father was born in Harrison 636 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. county, Ohio, July i6, 1819, and was a son of William and Mary (Chaney) Dunham. Lewis Dunham, the father of William Dunham, was a Revolutionary soldier, who cheerfully bore all the hardships and privations meted out to the soldier in order to aid in securing liberty to the Amer- ican colonists. At one time he was so near star- vation that he made a kind of tea out of the crisp pieces of his own boot soles in order to sustain his life. The American forces were re- duced to the utmost straits in order to provide necessities and their descendants may well be proud of the fact that they had ancestors who were willing to meet the greatest hardships in order to establish a free and independent nation. William Dunham was born and reared in the state of Maryland and wedded A-Iiss Mary Chaney, who was of Scotch ancestrjr. Some vears later they removed to Ohio, settling in what was then a new and undeveloped region included within the present boundaries of Harri- son county. In the spring of 1845 they came to Illinois, settling in what is now Griggsville town- ship, where they spent their remaining days. William Dunham departed this life September 15, 1845, and his wife died November 2, 1852. Rev. Abel Dunham was united in marriage to Rachel Harden on the 13th of August, 1839. She was born March 7, 1816, in JelTerson county, Ohio, and in 1840 she became a member of the United Brethren church and during the ensuing years was frequently called upon for exhortation. She was a fluent speaker, her spirit being in the work, and she exerted a strong and beneficial in- fluence upon her hearers. For some years before her death she was an invalid but her mind re- tained its perfect strength and a short time be- fore she breathed her last she gave earnest Christian advice to her friends and bade them farewell. She passed away Sunday, February 28, 1886, a smile upon her face, showing that she was at perfect content with her condition. She was the mother of ten children, including Mrs. Moore. At the time of his marriage Rev. Dunham had but one dollar and one cent. He gave the dollar to the officiating clergyman and after the infair donated the cent to a little nephew. He was then rcad\- to start out in life with his wife in a way more frequently seen at that time than at present. He began farming on a small scale in his native county, where he remained until 1845, when he came to Pike county, Illinois, to begin a new life here. Of earnest purpose and unfaltering diligence, he began work and by his good judgment and econ- omy aided by the prudence and careful manage- ment of his wife he was enabled to accumulate over six hundred acres of valuable land in this county together with other property. After los- ing his first wife he was married again, his sec- ond union being with Mrs. Sarah J. Brown, nee Anderson, who was born near Hillsboro, High- land county, C^hio, August 23, 1840. The Rev. Abel Dunham was a prominent abolitionist dur- ing the prevalence of slavery and when the re- publican party was formed to prevent its further extension he joined its ranks. In later years, long after the slavery question had been settled, he felt that the temperance question was the dominant issue before the people and became an ardent prohibitionist. His work and influence were ever on the side of righteousness, reform and improvement and the world is better for his having lived. He died August 18, 1899, having for a number of years survived his wife, who passed away February 28, 1886. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Moore have been born nine children, five sons and four daughters, all of whom are yet living. Rachel E. is the wife of Wallace Little, a resident of New Salem township and has one child, Veta. Sarah is the widow of James Snowhill residing in Baylis, Illinois, and has six children. John married Fannie Whitten, by whom he has two children, and makes his home near the village of New Salem. Abel married a Miss Johnson and resides near Mays- ville, Missouri. Colonel Elsworth is married and resides upon his father's farm in New Salem township. William H. married Minnie Cox and lives upon the home farm belonging to his fa- ther. Samuel Lee married Elsie Pease and re- sides in New Salem, being engaged in the stock business. Anna May is living at home. The parents are members of the United Breth- ren church and Mr. Moore is a member of lodge No. 218, A. F. & A. M., at New Salem, and is a PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 637 charter member of lodge No. 832, I. O. O. F., of Baylis, of which he is also a past noble grand. Mr. Moore is a man of excellent attainments, of splendid qualities and of good ability. He justly deserves all the praise that the term a self-made man implies, for at the early age of twelve years he started out in life on his own account and has since worked his way steadily upward, never taking advantage of the necessities of others, but through earnest purpose and honorable effort, realizing that labor is the basis of all true suc- cess. He is now the owner of a valuable prop- erty which returns to him an income sufficient to enable him to enjoy a well earned rest. :\IARION N. PETTY. Marion N. Petty is the owner of a valuable farm of two hundred acres on section 29, Mon- tezuma township. His birth occurred in Hardin township. Pike county, Illinois, December 3, 1850, and he 'is descended from good old Revo- lutionary stock, having a great-grandfather in both the paternal and maternal lines who were soldiers of the Revolutionary war. His grand- father, Fisher Petty, was a native of Ohio, served as a major in the Ohio State Militia and had a varied experience with the Tories, as re- corded elsewhere in this volume. He died upon the old homestead farm when about sixty-six years of age. Alvin Petty, father of our subject, was born in Pike county, Missouri, in 1826 and was reared upon the old Petty homestead farm in Martins- burg township near Pittsfield, Illinois, his educa- tion being largely acquired under the direction of Jon Shastid. He married Miss Julia A. Duf- field, who was born in Greencastle, Indiana, in 1828, this marriage being celebrated in 1848. She was a daughter of James and Catharine Duf- field. Her father was a native of Tennessee and was a soldier of the war of 181 2. He entered the army at the age of fourteen years, taking his fa- ther's place. He was quite a traveler, visiting many of the states of the Union, making his way from place to place on horseback. In early life he followed merchandising and after his re- moval to Pike county purchased a tract of land in Martinsburg township, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits up to the time of his death. Throughout his entire business career Alvin Petty followed the occupation of farming and during a part of that time he also operated a sawmill upon his place in Hardin township. He built this mill and continued the manufacture of lumber for about twenty years, his son Marion hauling many a load of timber to the mill. Alvin Petty was a natural mechanic and could con- struct anything in wood or iron. He died in Martinsburg township, September 5, 1892, within a half mile of where he was reared and educated, being then sixty-six years of age. His remains were interred in the Highland cemetery. His wife is still living in Pittsfield at the ripe old age of seventy-seven years. In the family of this worthy couple were eight children, six sons and two daughters, of whom Marion was the first born. The others are JohnT., Sarah C., Isaac A., J. F., Mary E., William H. and Frederick. At this date, 1906, all of the children are living with the exception of the second, John T., who died in in- fancy and was buried in the old Highland grave- yard, and J. F., who died at the age of forty- three years and was buried in the West cemetery at Pittsfield, Illinois. Marion N. Petty is indebted to the public- school system of Pike county for the educational privileges he enjoyed for his preliminary train- ing was received in Hardin township and later he spent two years as a student in Pittsfield. He early became familiar with the task of developing the fields and caring for the crops and through- out his entire life gave his attention to general agricultural pursuits. He has been married twice, his first union being with Harriet S. Troutner, by whom he had four children: William, born November 3, 1874, died January 13, 1876, and was buried in the Highland graveyard near Pittsfield ; Paul A., born March i, 1877, and Jerome G., born Octo- ber 5, 1879, ^''6 ^t home; and the fourth child died at birth. For his second wife Mr. Petty chose Miss Lvdia Miller, to whom he was mar- 638 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ried November 29, 1883. She is a daughter of James B. and Mary (Griffin) Miller.' Her pa- ternal grandfather was Samuel Miller, who wa:s a miller b}^ trade and lived in Pennsylvania but became one of the early settlers of Ohio and died in Brown county, that state. He married Lydia Baird, a sister of the famous missionary, Robert r>aird. William Miller, the paternal grandfa- ther of Mrs. Petty, was born in Kentucky, whence he removed to Brown county, Ohio, where he engaged in wagon manufacturing. Coming to Pike county, Illinois, he here turned his attention to farming. Here he died and he and his wife have been laid to rest in the Time cemetery in Hardin township. James B. Miller, father of Mrs. Petty, was born in Fayette county, Pennsjdvania, April 25, 1817, and when seven years of age accompanied his parents on their removal to Brown county, Ohio. He afterward worked in the flour mill of his father, who was a miller both by name and by trade. He was thus employed for a number of years and in Ohio he was married. The fam- ily removed from Brown to Qermoht county, Ohio, and afterward to Pike county, Illinois, where Mr. Miller engaged in farming in Hardin township up to the time of his death, which oc- curred F"ebruary 11, 1873, his remains being in- terred in Time cemetery. His wife was born in Brown county, Ohio, December 30, 1817, and died on the homestead farm in Hardin town- ship, March 3, 1893, her remains being interred by the side of her husband's grave. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Miller were born the following named : Samuel W., Sarah F., William F.. Elizabeth C. Mrs. Lydia Petty, Anna, Robert B., James A., Lydia Ann, John N. and an infant daughter, who died at birth. Seven of these are now living, while of the deceased, Lvdia A. was buried in Brown county, Ohio, John F. in Clermont county. Ohio, and Robert B. in Time cemetery in Hardin township. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Pettv are the following children: Robert E., born September Ti, 1884; Archie Miller. September 28, 1885; Willard Duffield, born Februarv 10. 1887; Ruth A., born December 8, 1888; Marv C, born Feb- ruary 4, 1891; Alvin J., May 27, 1894; and a daughter, who was born and died December 22, 1892. The son Alvin died March 22, 1895, and was buried in Green Pond cemetery as was also the daughter who died unnamed. Mr. Petty and his family reside upon an ex- cellent farm on section 29, Montezuma township, where he has a valuable property, comprising two hundred acres. The farm is well equipped with all modern conveniences and in its neat and thrifty appearance indicates his careful super- vision. His energy, discrimination and earnest labor have been the resultant factors in his suc- cess, making him a substantial and representative farmer of his community. H. COLVIN. H. Colvin, conducting a hotel and also engaging in business as a merchant and confectioner, was born April 27, 1866, in Montezuma township, his parents being William and Nancy (Brookens) Colvin, in whose family were six children, the subject of this review being the youngest. His youth was passed upon the home farm, where he remained until fifteen years of age, when he be- gan earning his own living as an employe of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company. He contin- ued in the service of that corporation in differ- ent capacities for about eighteen years, at the end of which time, in 1883, he resumed farming, which he carried on in Scott county, Illinois, for two years. On the expiration of that period he came to Pearl and worked for the Chicago & Al- ton Railroad Company on the rock crusher for about a year, after which he began business here on his own account. On the 3d of January, 1900, Mr. Colvin was married to Miss Phoebe J. Gauntt, a daughter of John T. and Abigail (Chaplin) Gauntt. In their family were eight children, Mrs. Colvin being the third in order of birth. In 1903 Mr. and Mrs. Colvin purchased the lunch counter business at Pearl from Harry Rule, and for over a year con- ducted the only lunch counter in the town, known as the Star Lunch Room. When he bought the business he paid one hundred and forty-seven dol- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ■639 lars for' it, but he has gradually made improve- ments and added to J^is stock to the amount of seven hundred dollars. Their hotel is one of the neatest and best in Pearl, and was built in 1905, of concrete blocks. It was completed on the 28th of August, and has since been used for hotel purposes. The building is an ornament to the town and a pride to its owner. Mr. and Mrs. Colvin also own a house and lot on the south side of the railroad in Pearl. Formerlj^ Mrs. Colvin was engaged in dressmaking for nine years, and had an excellent patronage, but retired from that business on account of her health. As a merchant and confectioner Mr. Colvin is enjoying a large and lucrative business, having the most extensive trade in his line in the town. Both he and his wife are members of the Mutual Protective League of Pearl, and are held in high esteem by all who know them. Their business success is creditable having been gained through well directed and earnest effort, the enterprising labors of Mr. Col- vin being ably supplemented by the assistance of his estimable wife. FREDERICK GILLIKGS. Frederick Gillings, a veteran of the Civil war and a prosperous farmer of Atlas township, liv- ing on section 6, where he owns two hundred acres of rich and productive land, was born in London, England, August 19, 1837, and ac- quired his education in the schools of that city. His parents were George and Mary (Beckem) Gillings. The former was a plasterer by trade and followed that occupation throughout his en- tire life. Unto him and his wife were born three children, two sons and a daughter, of whom George and Mary are both deceased, leaving Frederick as the only surviving member of the family, and outside of his own immediate fam- ily he has no relatives in America. The father died in London in June, 1867, and his wife passed away a few 3'ears later. Prior to his parents' death, when a youth of fourteen }'ears, Frederick Gillings ran away from home, being possessed of an ardent desire to go to sea, and shipped as a cabin boy aboard her majesty's gunboat Rattlesnake, with which he cruised in the Black and Baltic seas during the Crimean War, spending eight months in that way. He then returned with the vessel and landed at Wolwich on the River Thames and his father paid a sum of money to secure his release. He then returned to his father's home, where he re- mained for a short time, when he again ran away and embarked on a sailing vessel bound for America, crossing in the steerage. He landed in New York city after a tempestuous voyage of one month and was without a dollar in a strange land where he had neither friends nor relatives. After passing through quarantine at Castle Gar- den he finally secured a position as waiter in the St. Nicholas Hotel in New York city, occupying that position for eight months. He next went to Lyons, Wayne county, 'New York, where he se- cured employment as a farm hand on the farm of Silas Patten, where he remained for a year, receiving eight dollars per month and his board. He afterward went to Rochester, New York, where he engaged in making plaster of Paris casts, the knowledge of which he had gained while with his father. He continued in that line of business for a year, after which he came west- ward to Chicago, where he continued in the same business for about four months. He afterward walked to Rock Island, Illinois, where he spent the succeeding winter, and engaged in the manu- facture of plaster of Paris casts. Later he made his way to St. Louis, Missouri, where he was employed in a similar way for eight months and afterward in Cincinnati, Ohio, for a year. He then went to Monroe, Butler county, Ohio, where he worked as a plasterer until the breaking out of the Civil war. In April, 1861, Mr. Gillings enlisted as a mem- ber of Company B, First Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and with his company went to Philadel- phia. Pennsylvania, where, they were fitted out with uniforms, being there mustered in for three months' service. He participated in the first battle of Bull Run, where the Union arms suffered defeat, after which his regiment re- treated to Washington and was there mustered out of service on account of the expiration of their term, in luly, 1S61. Mr. Gillings returned 640 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. to Monroe, Ohio, where he worked at his trade until the 23d of August, 1862, when he re-en- Hsted for three years' service in Company A, Seventy-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was mustered into the United States service as a corporal at Frankfort, Kentucky, to serve for three years and was discharged with the rank of sergeant at Cincinnati, Ohio, on a surgeon's certificate of disability, on the 19th of April, 1864. In the meantime he had participated in the hotly contested engagement at Perryville, Kentucky, and in the skirmish at Frankfort, after which he marched with his regiment to Bowling Green, Kentucky, where General Buell was superseded in command by General Rose- crans of the Army of the Tennessee. With his regiment he then marched to Scottsville, Ken- tucky, where they had a skirmish with the en- emy. They afterward proceeded to Gallatin, Missouri, where they remained for about three months, during which time Mr. Gillings served on detached duty. Leaving Gallatin he was or- dered to join his regiment at Nashville, Tennes- see, where the Seventy-ninth Ohio was guarding a bridge for about six weeks and also did guard duty in the city. The troops then marched to Laverne, Tennessee, where they built a fort, re- maining there until the battle of Stone River, in which Mr. Gillings participated and was wounded. He was then sent to the Union hos- pital in Nashville, Tennessee, where he re- mained for one month, when he was detailed with eight others to go to Ohio on recruiting service. He was again obliged to enter the hospital at Nashville on account of his wound, remaining there for about, two months, after which he re- joined his regiment and took part in the battles of Resaca. Peach Tree Creek and Wahatchie in Georgia. This was in the latter part of 1864. The regiment then marched on to Washington, D. C, was reviewed there and sent to Camp Den- ison, Ohio, where its members were mustered out of service and finally discharged on the 8th of July, 1865, but in the meantime Mr. Gillings, as before stated, had been mustered out on account of disability. When his military service was ended Mr. Gil- lings returned to Monroe, Ohio, and on the 12th of October, 1864, he married Miss Anna Maud, a daughter of John and Hannah Maud. Her parents were born in Yorkshire, England, and Mrs. Gillings was the youngest of a family of four sons and four daughters, namely: George, William, John, Richard, Elizabeth, Mary, Har- riet and Anna. Of these three daughters are liv- ing, but the sons are all deceased. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gillings have been born eleven children : Edward, who was born August 19, 1865, and married Ruth Miller, of Rockport ; Daisy Maud, who was born October 4, 1867, and is now the wife of Alonzo Lyons ; William, who was born June 6, 1872, and married Ettie Enzer; Nettie, who was born July 19, 1874, and is the wife of Walter Scott ; Martha, who was born October 15, 1876, and died March 14, 1897, her remains being interred in the new cemetery at Barry, Illi- nois ; Amy, who was bom August 26, 1878, and is the wife of Richard Francis ; Nina, who was born April 10, 1881, and married Stephen Wil- liams ; Drucilla, who was born October 23, 1884, and is the wife of Jesse Williams ; Fred, born August 31, 1886; Harry, who was born May 24, 1889; and Mary, who was born May 14, 1888, and died May 2, 1889, her remains being interred in the Taylor cemetery in Eldara, Derry township. The eldest daughter, Martha, who has passed away, was the wife of Alvin Lippincott, and her remains were interred in the new cemetery at Barry. In the year 1870, Mr. Gillings removed with his family to Kansas City, Missouri, where he worked at his trade for two years. He then en- gaged in farming for one season in Cass county, Missouri, after which he journeyed on horseback to Barry, Illinois, a distance of three hundred miles, remaining at that locality during the sum- mer. He then returned to Cass county on horse- back, after which he made a second trip to Barry in the same manner, and finally settled upon his present farm near Rockport, where he has now made his home for twenty-one 3''ears. He has here two hundred acres of good pasture land on section 6, Atlas township. Mr. Gillings is a charter member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows at Atlas, and be- longs to the Modern Woodmen camp at Rock- TAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 641 port. He is also a member of Samuel Hays post, G. A. R., at Sumiiier Hll. His political alle- giance is given to the republican party. He was elected constable of Atlas township in April, 1887, and served for one term. Later he was re- elected to fill a vacancy, serving until May, 1893. He was elected and served for nearly three years as school director of Atlas township, and in 1904 was elected road commissioner, so that he is the present incumbent in that office. All that he pos- sesses in life has been acquired through his own labors, for he started out when a young lad empty- handed, and, in fact, from a very early age de- pended entirely upon his own resources. He proved his loyalty to his adopted country in the Civil war; and is one of the valued residents of Adas township, for in days of peace he is as loyal to his country as when he followed the old flag upon southern battle-fields. JOHN A. McKEY. John A. McKey is the founder of the village of Strout. He opened the first store there and was the first postmaster, and has been closely associ- ated with the material progress and improvement of this part of the county. His birth occurred in Mount Vernon, Ohio, on the i6th of June, 1845, his parents being Andrew and Anna Belle (Low- ery) McKey. His father was a native of Scot- land, born in 1817, and the mother's birth oc- curred in Belfast, Ireland. Their marriage was celebrated in her native country; and they came to America about 1838, settling in Mount Ver- non, Ohio. The father was subsequently engaged in manufacturing pursuits in that place until 1856, when he removed to Keokuk, Iowa, and rented a farm fnom General Curtis of historic fame. He continued to engage actively in agricultural pur- suits there until 1862, when he came to Spring Creek township, Pike county, Illinois, arriving here before the advent of the railroad. He built the first house upon his farm, and continued the improvement of his land until 1869, when he removed to Frankfort, Missouri, where he carried on farming up to the time of his death, which oc- curred on his homestead property in that state in January, 1873. His wife survived him for about twenty-four years, her death occurring in Howard, Elk county, Kansas, in her ninetieth year, and there her remains were interred. In their family were the following children, George W., Elizabeth J., William J., Robert S., Anna Belle and John A. Of these Robert S. and Anna Belle are now deceased, while William J. is lo- cated in Fulton, Callaway county, Missouri. Eliz- abeth J. married William Long, a resident of Day- ton, Washington, who was a Union soldier of the Twenty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Robert E. was a druggist of Eureka, Kansas, up to the time of his demise. John A. McKey was educated at the Rock Hill schoolhouse in Pike county, and was reared upon his father's farm, assisting in its work until the father went to Missouri, when he began life on his own account by renting the old homestead farm, on which he now resides. Upon the father's death John A. McKey purchased the interest of the other heirs in the home property. In 1862 his mother came to live with him, at which time he was in his sixteenth year, and soon afterward the other members of the family came to make their home with Mr. MoKey and his mother, save his eldest brother, George W. McKey, who en- listed in the First Iowa Cavalry in 1861. After serving for three years he re-enlisted and con- tinued with the Union army throughout the re- mainder of the war. He was finally mustered out and was discharged in Dallas, Texas. He now resides in Howard, Elk county, Kansas, and is one of the most prominent, wealthy and influ- ential citizens there, being president of three banks. He was also one of the founders of the town and his money and influence have been a strong directing force in many public measures and business enterprises. John A. McKey is also numbered among the town-builders of the middle west for he made the first improvements in Strout, was the founder of the village, and erected all of the houses there. He has also conducted for fifteen years the only store in Strout, and does a good business as a merchant, carrying a well selected line of goods. 642 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. and securing from the surrounding country a liberal patronage. On the 8th of December, 1871, Mr. McKey was united in marriage to Miss Anna Sproule, and unto them have been born nine children : Josie Belle, born June 9, 1872; Anna May, on the 6th of May, 1874; Robbie, February 3, 1876; Adis F., April 7, 1878; John Edwin, February 17, 1880; Claudie E., July 9, 1882 ; George L., May 30, 1885; Virgil Paul, January 3, 1889; and Beulah V. December 7, 1892. Of these two are deceased, Robbie, who died in infancy; and George L., who was drowned when in his eleventh year. The eldest daughter, Josie Belle, is now the wife of Sydney Johnson, and they reside in Pearl town- ship. ,\nn May married Charles Borrowman and resides in Spring Creek township. Adis F. married Florida Scranton and resides in Strout. Claudie Ella married Ivy Joslin and resides in Nebo, Illinois. Mr. McKey has served as postmaster at Strout for about eighteen years, serving under the ad- ministrations of Presidents Harrison, Cleveland, MoKinley and Roosevelt. Politically he was for long years a democrat, but it now a strong advo- cate of the prohibition party. He is a man of en- terprise, who has utilized his opportunities to good advantage, and in the careful conduct of his business affairs has met with a gratifying meas- ure of success. JAMES WHITAKER. James Whitaker is a retired farmer living in Perry now in the seventy-ninth year of his age. Through a long period he was an active factor in agricultural circles in Pike county and. his la- bors were crowned with the success which is the legitimate reward of all earnest and persistent endeavor. Moreover he has so lived as to win the trust and confidence of his fellowmen and his life has been actuated by a kindly spirit, cordial disposition and generous impulses. Mr. Whitaker was born in Greene county, New York, November 25, 1827, his parents be- ing William E. and Anna fDuBois) Whitaker, who were likewise natives of the Empire state. The father was born in Ulster county, July 8, 1784, and was of English lineage. His youth was spent upon a farm in his native county and in early manhood he went to Greene county, where he met and married Miss DuBois, who was born in that county, October 10, 1786, and came of French ancestry. Their marriage was celebrated on the 12th of January, 1805, and they began their domestic life in Greene county, where they resided until October, 1837. That 3'ear witnessed their arrival in Pike county. They cast in their lot with the pioneer settlers and as the years passed shared in the hardships and trials incident to the establishment of a home upon the frontier, at the same time contributing to the general progress and improvement. Mr. Whitaker entered his land at Quincy, Illinois, becoming owner of a wild and unimproved tract of one hundred and sixty acres on section 4, Perry township. He built the first frame house in the locality, its location being about four miles north of the village of Perry. It is still stand- ing, one of the mute reminders of pioneer days and of the progress that has been made as the years have gone by. He was an energetic agri- culturist, carefully managing his business inter- ests. He never cared for public office but gave his political allegiance to the whig party until its dissolution, when he joined the ranks of the republican party. Both he and his wife were charter members of the Presbyterian church. His death occurred November 30, 1868, while Mrs. Whitaker had passed away on the 29th of July, 1865, the former when nearly eighty-four years of age and the mother when about seventy years of age. In their family were nine chil- dren, but only two are now living, James and Mary. The sister, born in 1832, is the widow of Howe Abbott and resides in Bloomington, Illinois. Owing to the primitive condition of the schools James Whitaker received but limited ed- ucational privileges but reading, observation and experience have greatly broadened his knowledge as the years have advanced and he has become a well informed man. He attended school in New York until ten years of age, when he accom- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 645 panied his parents on their removal to lUinois, where he became a student in a subscription school. As his age and strength permitted he assisted his father in the arduous task of clearing and cultivating the new farm and remained upon the old homestead until the spring of 1850, when he started for California. He had proceeded as far as Omaha when word was received that his father was not expected to live and he returned overland to the old home. His attention was then given to farm work in Pike county until 1857, when he removed to Dewitt count}', Illi- nois, where he carried on farming for three years, when in i860 he once more became a resi- dent of Pike county. In connection with his brother-in-law, James Howe, he contracted for three hundred and twenty acres of land in De- witt county in 1857. Later he purchased a farm in Perry township and gave his energies to gen- eral farming and stock-raising, being recognized as an able business man of keen discernment, un- flagging industry and unabating energy. As the years have passed by he has prospered and the secret of his success lies in his close application and strong purpose. He now has in his posses- sion the patent which was issued November 3, 1840, for government land to his father, Wil- liam E. Whitaker, and signed by Martin Van Buren, then president of the United States. On the 6th of November, 1863, Mr. Whitaker was married to Miss Elizabeth M. Jones, who was born November 26, 1825, and passed away on the 31st of August, 1864. There were two children of this marriage, of whom one is living, William E., now a resident farmer of Chambers- burg township. Pike county. The mother was a devoted member of the Presbyterian church and a most estimable lady. Her daughter, Ada, died soon after marrying Theodore Crawford. The son, William, wedded Miss Jennie Wilkins. For his second wife James Whitaker chose Miss Mary E. Harrington, to whom he was married November 12, 1865. She was born July 4, 1840, a daughter of Martin Flarrington and by her marriage has become the mother of four chil- dren, one of whom died in infancy, while three are yet living. Charles FI., born August 2, 1866, married Maud Johns and after her death wedded 32 Eva Hume. Catherine, bom July 26, 1868, is the wife of Robert ITuddelson, of Perry. Esther, born February 15, 1877, was graduated in oste- opathy at Kirksville, Missouri, in the class of 1897 ^"d is now attending a post-graduate school in Kii-ksville. Both Mr. and Mrs. Whitaker hold member- ship in the Presbyterian church, while his po- litical support is given to the prohibition party. His church and political connection indicate the character of the man, whose life has been actu- ated by high and honorable principles and worthy motives. He has done many good deeds, per- forming many services for his fellow townsmen and at all times has given his influence in sup- port of justice, truth and right. In the evening of life he can look back over the past without regret and forward to the future without fear. All who know him entertain for him the highest esteem and no history of this community would be complete without the record of his life, for he has lived in Pike county since 1837, coming here when a lad of ten years. ITis home being in the midst of a pioneer district made him fa- miliar with all of the conditions of frontier life and his mind bears the impress of the early his- toric annals of the state. He can relate many in- teresting incidents of existence in Pike county when this was a frontier .district and yet no man has shown a more thorough interest in the work of public progress and improvement than has Mr. Whitaker. GEORGE S. ADAMS. George S. Adams, of Atlas township, is de- scended from good old Revolutionary stock, his paternal great-grandfather having enlisted in the ranks of the patriots from his native state — Con- necticut. He served as a soldier in the cause of American independence and left to his descend- ants the priceless record of a heritage of valor and loyalty. Jeremiah G. Adams, father of our subject, was a large landowner, having an estate of over four hundred acres of the best land in Atlas township. His old home was built in the 646 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. '20s, but was superseded by a commodious brick residence before his death. He was for years a prominent and influential agriculturist of his com- munity, and further mention is made of him on another page of this work. George S. Adams, whose name introduces this review, was born in tlie old Ross home in the village of Atlas, June 10, 1862, and was reared upon his father's farm. He acquired his primary education in the district school of his native vil- lage and afterward attended the Illinois College at Jacksonville. Following the completion of his collegiate course he returned to the old home farm and continued to carry on general agricultural pursuits with his father up to the time of his mar- riage, when he purchased a portion of the old homestead and erected thereon his present resi- dence. He owns one of the best and most mod- ern homes in this part of the county. It is taste- fully and comfortably furnished, every conve- nience of a well appointed city home being here found. It stands in the midst of beautiful and well kept grounds, and one of its chief charms is its gracious and genuine hospitality. On the 17th of November, 1887, Mr. Adams was united in marriage to Miss Delia R. Martin, a daughter of Hutson and Lydia A. (Chamber- lin) Martin, a history of whom will be found on another page of this work. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Adams have been born four children : Jerry G., born October 2, 1888; George Hutson, who was born December 25, 1892, and died August 2, 1897; Homer V., born January i, 1902; and Dorothy M., born July 30, 1903. The home farm of Mr. Adams comprises one hundred and sixty-seven acres of well improved bottom land in Atlas township. The soil is very rich and productive, and good harvests are an- nually gathered, so that the business, being ca- pably managed, is a profitable one. In all of his work Mr. Adams has shown practical ideas, and in his methods has been systematic and energetic. In his political views he is a stalwart republican, who keeps well imformed on the questions and issues of the day, as every true American citizen should do. In April, 1900, he was elected super- visor of Atlas township, and served for one term of two years. He held the office of postmaster at Atlas for about six years, and is at present school treasurer of Atlas township, which po- sition he has filled for more than a decade. Fra- ternally he is connected with the Masonic lodge and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and both he and his wife have membership relations with the Mutual Protective League. He is recog- nized as one of Pike county's most progressive and public-spirited citizens, and no trust reposed in him has ever • been betrayed in the slightest degree. i\Ien know him for his genuine worth and fidelity to principle and respect him for a life of well directed activity and usefulness. DANIEL DUNHAM. Daniel Dunham, the owner of valuable farm- ing property comprising four hundred acres near New Salem, is a native of Martinsburg township. Pike county, born July 15, 1856, and is a son of Nathaniel Dunham. The family is of English lineage, and was founded in America by the great-great-grandfather of our subject. His son, William Dunham, is supposed to have been a na- tive of Maryland; and it is definitely known that his youth was spent upon a farm in that state, where he wedded Miss Mary Chaney, who was born in Maryland, while her parents, natives of England, came to the new world about the time of the Revolutionary war. William Dunham and his wife on leaving Maryland became residents of Ohio, where they remained until 1845, when in advanced years they came to Illinois, settling on a small farm in Griggsville township. Pike county, where William Dunham passed away at the age of seventy years. His wife survived him for a number of years, and also died in Griggsville township. They were loyal to the teachings of the United Brethren church, in which they held membership. Of their large family of children Lewis Dun- ham, grandfather of our subject, was the eldest. His birth occurred in Maryland, September 12, 1802, and his early education ^vas acquired in that state. It is believed, however, that he was married in Ohio; and at all events, he was en- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 647 gaged in farming and coopering there. In April, 1844, he arrived in Illinois and three years later took up his abode in New Salem township, where in the management of farming interests he worked his way upward from a humble financial position to one of affluence and improved a valuable farm of two hundred and sixty acres. In matters of citizenship he was also progressive and public spirited, and his co-operation could always be counted upon to further any movement for the public good. He voted with the democratic party, and held some local offices ; and in political, busi- ness and social circles he was esteemed for those splendid traits of character which endear man to his fellowmen. He married Miss Sarah A. Nelson, also a native of Maryland and a daugh- ter of Elisha and Mary (Stringer) Nelson, who were born in that state, and were supposed to be of Scotch lineage. They were farming people and after their marriage resided in Maryland and in Harrison county, Ohio, until 1842, when they came to Illinois, spending their remaining days on a farm in New Salem township, Pike county. They, too, belonged to the United Brethren church. Mrs. Lewis Dunham was reared in the state of her nativity, and with her husband came to Illinois. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dunham were devoted members of the United Brethren church. In their family were nineteen children. The fa- ther died in New Salem township, September 14, 1866, and the mother was more than eighty years of age at the time of her demise. Nathaniel Dunham, son of Lewis Dunham, was born in Harrison county, Ohio, February 14, 1834, and was therefore a youth of ten years when brought by his parents to this state. He was reared upon the family homestead in New Salem township and gained a practical knowledge and experience of farm work that has enabled him to successfully carry on agricultural pursuits for himself. His business capacity, capable manage- ment and untiring industry have made him the owner of four hundred and twenty acres of valu- able land in Griggsville township ; and his home- stead property was splendidly improved with modern buildings and all of the equipments nec- essary to model farming in the twentieth century. In addition to tilling: the soil he has been exten- sively engaged in raising high grade horses. Na- ' thaniel Dunham was married in Martinsburg, Pike county, to Miss Mary A. Kiser, who was born in Warren county, Indiana, May 3, 1838. Her parents were Daniel and Eliza J. (Foreman) Kiser, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Ohio, but their marriage was celebrated in Indiana ; and they began their domestic life on a farm not far from Danville, that state. They re- moved to Pike county in 1844 and settled in New- burg township, afterward locating in Martins- burg, where Mr. Kiser died in the fall of i860, when about seventy years of age. He, too, had prospered in his undertakings, and had secured a valuable farm of three hundred and fifty acres. Both he and his wife were members of the United Brethren church ; and Mrs. Kiser spent her last days with her son John in Milton. Mrs. Dunham was the second of her mother's chil- dren, and by her marriage had the following children : Daniel, William H., Lewis O., Charles E. and Orpha J. Like their ancestors, Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Dunham are members of the United Brethren church ; and he is a supporter of the democratic party. Daniel Dunham of this review was educated in the common schools, and is an excellent mathe- matician. When nineteen years of age he en- tered business life on his own account, and for ten years rented land, when, with the capital he had acquired through his own labors, he pur- chased forty acres of land where he now resides in New Salem township, for which he gave thirty- five hundred dollars. It was without improve- ments, but he at once began its cultivation ; and from time to time he has extended the boundaries of his place until it now comprises four hundred acres of very fine and valuable land supplied with the most modern improvements known to farm- ing in the twentieth century. His place is pleas- antly located two miles from New Salem ; and he has successfully carried on general farming, and at the same time has engaged in buying and ship- ping stock. He feeds cattle and hogs, shipping from ten to twenty carloads per year, a fact which indicates that he is one of the most extensive stock-dealers of this part of the state. His busi- ness efforts have been attended with very gratify- 648 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. iiig success, and his splendid property is the visible evidence of his life of enterprise, thrift and capable management. He has recently purchased residence property in Pittsfield, where he expects to take up his abode on the ist of March, 1906. In 1874, Mr. Dunham was married to Miss Martha J. Woods, who was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1852, a daughter of Nathan and Martha (Simpson) Woods. Her parents were early set- tlers and came to Pike county in 1854; and in their family were six children, two sons and four daughters, who are yet living. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham have become the parents of six children, namely : Herbert, who is living in Reno, Ne- vada ; Mrs. Anna Woods, of New Salem ; Daisy, the wife of Ray Curless, of Pittsfield township ; Lora, who married Gordon Dimmitt, and is liv- ing upon the home place ; Villa, yet under the pa- rental roof ; and Kelly, who is attending college in Jacksonville, Illinois. Mr. Dunham's study of the political issues and questions of the day has led him to give his sup- port to the democracy ; and be has served as road commissioner and as school director. He belongs to New Salem camp. No. mo, M. W. A., and is also a member of the Methodist church. Mr. Dunham deserves much credit for what he has accomplished, as without financial assistance he has worked his way upward, his business qualifi- cations being manifest in the very desirable suc- cess which has crowned his labors. His farm is one of the most valuable of the county, and in its management Mr. Dunham has displayed keen dis- cernment, unfaltering energy and a capable utili- zation of opportunities. WILLIAM RUPERT. William Rupert, who has followed farm du- ties throughout the greater part of his life and is now the owner of a gO(.Kl agricultural prop- erty- in Atlas township, was born in Summer Hill, Pike county, on the 10th of July, 1845. His par- ents were James and Catharine (Loutzenhizer) Ru]:)ert, both of whom were natives of Ohio, in which stale tlicy were reared and married. The father was a farmer by occupation and followed that pursuit in the Buckeye state until 1845, when he came with his wife to Pike county, Illi- nois, where they spent their remaining days, Mr. Rupert devoting his attention to general agri- cultural pursuits. He put aside business cares and personal considerations, however, in 1862 in order to espouse the Union cause, enlisting in the Third Missouri Volunteer Cavalry and at the battle of Patterson, Missouri, he gave up his life in defense of his country, his remains being in- terred in the creek bottoms near Patterson. His .widow still survives and is living in the state of Washington with her daughter, Mrs. Camp, at the age of eighty-three years. LTnto him and his wife had been born ten children, of whom Wil- liam Rupert is the eldest. The others are : Mary, Caroline, Charlie, Emma, John, David, Arvine, Lavina and Edward Rupert. Of these only five are living, namely : Charlie, Mary, David and Caroline. William Rupert, the other surviving member of the family, acquired his education in the schools of Atlas and was reared to farm labor, which pursuit has claimed his time and energies during the greater part of his life. He was mar- ried on the 22d of April, 1876, to Miss Alice Parker, a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Gen- try) Parker. The father was a native of Eng- land and when quite young came to Pike county, Illinois, with his father, who emigrated from England to this state at an earlv epoch in the development and progress of Pike county. Thomas Parker became a farmer of Atlas town- ship and continued to carry on general agricul- tural pursuits up to the time of his death, which occurred in .\pril, 1862. He passed away in Louisiana, Missouri, shortly after having en- listed for service in the L^nion army in the Civil war. His wife died in September of the same year and they were buried in Ball Bluff ceme- tery near Atlas, Illinois. In their family were four children: Alice, now Mrs. Rupert; Mar- tha ; William, deceased ; and one who died un- named in infancy. Unto Mr. and IMrs. Rupert have been born two children; Cornelius W., born January 26, 1877. married Gertrude Miller and they have two PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 649 children, Lawrence and James. Edith Lee Ru- pert, born October 25, 1880, is the wife of S. B. Marion and they also have two children, Jessie and Russell. Mr. Rupert is a member of the Modern Woodmen camp and is esteemed by all who know him because of an active, useful and uprig'ht life. He has always lived in Atlas township, so that he has a wide acquaintance here and the qualities of a sterling manhood are his. His attention has been given to general agri- cultural pursuits and his carefully directed la- bors have resulted in bringing to him a credit- able and gratifying measure of success. ALBERT R. BROWN. Albert R. Brown, one of the well-to-do and rep- resentative farmers of Pike county, owns and op- erates three hundred and thirty-one acres of valu- able land on section 26, Montezuma township, and in the control of the property displays excel- lent business ability with thorough understand- ing of the methods that produce the best results in agricultural work. Born in Milton, Pike county, on the 2d of February, 1853, he is a son of Wesley and Harriet (Button) Brown. The ancestoral history of the family can be traced back through several centuries, for he is descended from one who came to America at the time of the discovery of the new world by Columbus. The maternal grandfather, Francis R. Button, was a native of Virginia, and a cooper by trade. He emi- grated to Ohio at an early epoch in the develop- ment of that state and afterward located in Jersey- ville, Jersey county, Illinois, where he conducted a cooper shop and also engaged in gardening up to the time of his death, which occurred when he had reached the ripe old age of eighty-four years. He was a hale and hearty man up to the time of his demise and was a worthy resident of his adopted city. His wife died within one week of her hus- band, at the age of seventy-seven years, and was laid by his side in the cemetery at Jerseyville. Wesley Brown, father of Albert R. Brown, is one of the pioneer settlers of Pike county, having located in Milton at an early day, and engaged in the blacksmith business until 1875, while at the present time he makes his home in Pearl town- ship. His life has been mainly devoted to agri- cultural pursuits and he is still managing a good farming property. In 1868 he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who bore the maiden name of Harriet Button and who died on the 23d of July of that year, her remains being interred in Smith cemetery, near Milton. Albert R. Brown, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, was educated in the schools of Milton until fifteen years of age. He was reared to the occupation of farming and has never desired to enter other fields of business activity, for in this line he has found ample op- portunity for the exercise of his industry and talents and by his close application and energy has gained a place among the substantial agri- culturists of the community. In addition to till- ing the soil he is also raising stock and now has forty-eight head of fine grade mules and twenty head of horses. He also raises a fine grade of Cotswold sheep and generally has on hand one hundred head, together with from sixty to one hundred head of hogs, mostly of the Poland China breed. He can easily winter one hundred head of horses, mules and cattle. He now has about twenty head of cattle but usually keeps about fifty head. In his stock-raising interests he has been quite successful and he also raises corn and some wheat and blue grass. In all of his farm work he is practical and sagacious and produces results through close application and the careful utiliza- tion of his opportunities. For thirty years he has carried on farming and stock-raising on his own account and his prosperity is attributable to his own efforts. On the 13th of September, 1874, Mr. Brown was united in marriage to Miss Annie Sowers, who was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, Decem- ber 6, 1853, a daughter of Elisha and Caroline (Scroggins) Sowers. Her parents were natives of Ohio and removed from Hamilton county, that state, in 1854, to Pike county, Illinois, settling in Montezuma township upon the old homestead farm where the Brown family now reside. Mr. Sowers died at the venerable age of eighty-three years, while his wife passed away at the age of ,650 PAST AND PRESENT QF PIKE COUNTY. sixty-seven years, and both were interred, in Green Pond cemetery. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been nine children, six sons and three daughters, who in order of birth are as follows : Jess, born July 9, 1875, married Ella Boren and they reside upon the homestead farm. Elza R., died January 21, 1879, and was buried in Green Pond ceme- tery. Albert R., born July 10, 1882, died November 22, 1883, and was also buried in Green Pond cemetery. Leo Grace, born March 29, 1881, is the wife of Herbert Norton and they reside in Montezuma township, near Milton. Ona M., born February 16, 1885, is at home. Ira E., born January 27, 1886, died March 6, 1886, and was buried in Green Pond cemetery. Harry Lee, born in March, 1887, died in infancy and was buried in the 'Kitcbell graveyard, in Stanton coun- ty, Kansas. M. Abby, born May 7, 1889, and Andrew B., born May 30, 1891, complete the family. Mr. and Mrs. Brown and their children occupy an enviable position in the social circles in which they move and have a very wide ac- quaintance in the community where they have so long resided. Mr. Brown is never remiss in citi- zenship although he has never sought to figure prominently in public affairs, content to devote his attention to business interests which have brought him prosperity. HENRY L. ANDERSON. Various and important business interests have felt the stimulus, keen discernment and unflag- ging diligence ever manifested by Henry L. An- derson in his connection with the agricultural and commercial interests. He is to-day one of the large stockholders, and the manager of the Shaw- Garner Company, owning and operating an ele- vator at Rockport. Moreover, he made a very creditable record as a soldier of the Civil war, valiantly defending the Union cause in the dark hours of our country's history. His life record began at South Windsor, Connecticut, on the 4th of September, 1841, and he attended school in his native town, where he received his primary edu- cation, after which he removed from that locality with his parents, Henry and Delcena E. (El- more) Anderson, both of whom were natives of Connecticut. The father was a prominent farmer of South Windsor, and died at the comparatively early age of thirty-one years, his remains being interred in the Congregational cemetery in his home town. His widow, however, long survived him, her death occurring in East Hartford, Con- necticut, in 1900, when her remains were placed beside her husband's grave in the Congregational cemetery. Henry L. Anderson, leaving home in his fif- teenth year, went to Hartford, Connecticut, where he was engaged in clerking in the mercantile estabHshment of James Ranney & Company, act- ing in that capacity for a year and a half. He was a youth of sixteen when he arrived in Pike county, Illinois, making his way to Summer Hill, where he resided with his uncle, Elijah Burn- ham, whom he assisted in farm duties from the time of early spring planting until crops were harvested in the autumn, after which he spent the winter months in attending school. He was thus engaged until August, 1862, when, putting aside all business and personal considerations, he responded to his country's call for aid, his pa- triotic spirit being aroused by the continued at- tempt of the south to overthrow the Union. Joining the boys in blue of Company A, Nine- ty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, at Florence, Pike county, on the 23d of August, 1862, Mr. Anderson entered the army under the command of Captain George Edwards and Colonel George W. K. Bailey. The regiment proceeded to Ben- ton Barricks, at St. Louis, Missouri, arriving there on the 24th of August, 1862, being the first regiment from Illinois under the call of that year. Mr. Anderson participated in the battle of Mag- nolia Hills, Mississippi, where thirty-seven were killed and wounded, and was also in the engage- ments at Black River, Mississippi, where the Confederate forces were routed from their works, the Union forces pursuing them across the river and capturing many prisoners with slight loss to the Ninety-ninth. On the 19th of May, 1863, he was engaged with the defenses of Vicksburg, and on the 22d of May the famous and ill-fated PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 651 irge was made upon the works, in which three ndred men were Ivilled and wounded. This t Captain A. C. Matthews in command of the nety-ninth Illinois Regiment, which held its sition' under a galling fire until nearly dark, len the men retired, being relieved by an Ohio jiment, which was driven back in great con- sion. The Ninety-ninth then advanced and ened a heavy fire, causing the enemy to re- :at and probably saving the entire division from stampede. During the siege of Vicksburg the nety-ninth lost two hundred and fifty-three ;n in killed, wounded and missing. On the 3d October, 1863. the regiment took part in sev- d skirmishes in the campaign of the Tesche d detachments of the regiment were engaged the battle of Grand Coteau. Afterward the pment went from New Orleans to Texas and Matagorda Island began the attack on Fort peranza, which soon surrendered. On the i6th June, 1864, the Ninety-ninth Illinois evacu- ;d the island, going to Algiers, Louisiana, and rformed garrison duty on the Mississippi dur- r the entire summer. In November, 1864, this 2;iment was consolidated into a battalion under eutenant-Colonel A. C. Matthews and on the th of March, 1865, took part in the siege of anish Fort and assisted in the investment and Dture of Fort Blakely, Alabama. Eventually ; regimerit was ordered to Baton Rouge, iuisiana, where Mr. Anderson and his com- ics were mustered out on the 31st of July, 55, being honorably discharged at Springfield, inois, on the 9th of August, following. When his military service was ended Mr. An- rsoh returned to Hartford, Connecticut, and rsued a course in Bryant & Stratton Business liege. In the spring of j866 he returned to home in Summer Hill, Pike county, where he umed farming. He taught school during the iter months until the spring of 1868, at which le he opened a general mercantile store in part- ■ship with Carlisle Burbridge at Summer Hill 3er the firm name of Burbridge & Anderson, ich was continued for five years, or until 1873. en Mr. Burbridge disposed of his interests to ■J.' Corrill, the firm then continuing to carry trade under the style of Anderson & Corrill, which name was maintained until about 1879. Mr. Anderson then purchased his partner's in- terest and conducted the business alone until 1885, when he disposed of his stock and rented the building. In 1886, however, he once more entered the field of general merchandising, form- ing a partnership with C. O. Marsh under the firm name of Anderson & Marsh. They re- mained together for about six years, after which Mr. Anderson purchased Mr. Marsh's interest and carried on the business in connection with his eldest son, Warren Anderson, under the firm name of H. L. Anderson & Son. During this time he was also associated in merchandising and in grain trade in Rockport with different people. In 1897 he disposed of his business interests in both Summer Hill and Rockport and since that time has given his attention to farming and to the grain trade. He is identified with Shaw- Garner Company in the ownership and conduct of the elevator and in the grain business, and in addition to this he has good farm property, which he has placed under a high state of culti- vation and which returns him a satisfactory financial reward. Mr. Anderson was married May 5, 1870, to Miss Fliza D. Stebbins, a daughter of George and Orissa Stebbins. By this union nine chil- dren have been born: Warren, Ray N., Nora M., Guy S., Leslie L., Clair and Clyde, twins, and Alma E. There was also one child who died at birth unnamed, while Clyde died when four years of age and Alma at the age of thirteen years, all being laid to rest in Summer Hill ceme- tery. Politically Mr. Anderson is a republican and has always affiliated with the partv for its plat- form embodies his ideas of good government. He is actively interested in political questions of the county and state and has done all in his power to promote republican successes. He has represented Atlas township as supervisor for five years but has not sought office as a reward for party fealty. Lie belongs to Major Samuel Hays post. No. 477, and also to the Modern Woodmen camp of Summer Hill. In manner he is some- what retiring but possesses that true worth which can not be hid and which is always recog- 6s2 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. nized by people of superiority. He indeed de- serves mention among the prominent merchants and representative citizens of Rockport and should find a place in the history of the western part of Pike county among the men whose force ^ of character, sterling integrity, control of cir- cumstances and success in establishing business enterprises have contributed in a large degree to the solidity and progress of the county. CHARLES GARD. Charles Card is a representative of valuable and important farming and stock-raising interests in Pleasant Vale township and is also extensively engaged in real-estate operations. Widely known as an enterprising business man, he is well worthy of mention in this volume among the leading, progressive and influential citizens of Pike county. He is a native of Barry township, born April 15, 1840, and a son of Cyrenius and Nancy (Kidwell) Gard. The father was born near Marietta, Ohio, and the mother's birth also occurred in that state. They were married there and in 1839 came to Pike county. Mr. Gard had previously visited this part of Illinois, having made a prospecting trip in 1833, ofter which he returned to Ohio and then with his familv came again in 1839, settling in Barry township. He began farming here on forty acres of land but in the course of years increased his holdings ten- fold, making judicious investment in real estate as his financial resources increased until his farm was an extensive and valuable one. His strong and salient traits of character made him a promi- nent citizen of the count v and he enjoyed in large measure the confidence and good will of all with whom he was associated. He died June 24, 1875, at the age of sixty-three vears and his wife passed away Januar)- 28, 1861, at the age of forty years. They were a worthy pioneer couple who took an active and helpful part in the work of early progress and improvement and the pres- ent generation enjoys the benefit of their labors in the present progress and prosperity of the county. Tn their famih- were twelve children : Daniel, who was born March 30, 1837, and died September 8, 1859 ; Charles ; Lucinda, who was born February 28, 1842, and is living in Pleasant Vale township ; Jasper, who was born February 5, 1844, and died November 11, 1863, at St. Louis while serving as a member of the Union Army ; Martha, who was born September 18, 1846, and died in 1902 ; Mary, twin sister of Martha, and the wife of Charles Dodge, a resident of New London, Missouri ; Joel, who was born December 5, 1848, and is living near Mexico, Missouri; Paulina, who was born October 24, 1850, and died October 9, 1852 ; Paulina, who was born September 5, 1852, and is now living in Ne- braska: Jane, who was born September 5, 1854, and died March 18, 1899, while her husband, William P. Cochran, of New Canton, is also de- ceased : Henry, who was born December 10, 1856, and is living in Pleasant Vale township : and Nancy, who was born January 22, 1861, and died August 25, 1862. Charles Gard was educated in one of the primi- tive log schoolhouses which have been so often pictured in descriptions of pioneer life. His ear- lier years were spent in a region so wild that it was no uncommon thing to see a hunter pass with a deer on his shoulders, while wild turkeys, prai- rie chickens and other wild game was to be had- in abundance. Many of the comforts and luxu- ries of the present day were then lacking but the conditions of pioneer life were not inimical to happiness and the spirit of generous hospitality which everywhere existed can not be surpassed or improved upon at the present clay. Mr. Gard assisted his father to develop a farm and re- mained at home until twenty-one years of age, when he began farming on his own account, oper- ating rented land for about three years. At the end of that time he made a trip across the plains to Idaho, being about eight months on the way. In 1866 he returned to Pike county, where he rented one hundred acres of land in Pleasant A^ale township, remaining thereon for a year. Tn T867 he made his first purchase of land, be- coming owner of a part of the farm upon which he now resides. As he has had opportunity, how- ever, he has added to his original tract and now has four hundred and twenty acres of land on PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 653 the hill and on the bottom on sections 10, 11 and 3, Pleasant Vale township. In fact his bottom land is as rich and productive as any that can be found in the state. His farm is well improved and in the midst of richly cultivated fields, which yield bounteous harvests, stands a good residence. There are also substantial barns and outbuildings for the shelter of grain and stock. General farm- ing and stock-raising are carried on, his son practically managing and operating the farm, while Mr. Gard gives the greater part of his at- tention to the real-estate business, in which he is associated with Charles Robb. Together they own nearly eighteen hundred acres of land and they have conducted an extensive and profitable business as real-estate operators. With the ex- ception of the year spent in Idaho, from which he made the return trip on horseback to Pike county, he has remained continuously in this part of the state and he owes his business success to his im- provement of advantages that have surrounded all. On the 17th of January, 1861, Mr. Gard was united in marriage to Miss Mary Johnson, who was born in Derry township. Pike county, in 1842, and is a daughter of Michael and Mary (Gates) Johnson, of Eldara, who came to this county from Ohio at an early day. In their family were nine children, John M,, Augustus B.. Eliza, Rebecca, Thomas, Oliver, Emily, Mary, now Mrs. Gard, and William H. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gard have been born four children, all of whom are yet living: Cyrenius, who married Anna Shipman and resides in Eldara township ; William, who married Belle Kendrick and lives upon the home farm ; Lula, the wife of James Collins, a resident of Time ; and Olive, the wife of Abraham Likes, of New Canton. The wife and mother was called to her final rest in 1892 and Mr. Gard has since married Catherine Hall, of this county. Mr. Gard votes with the republican party, has served as school trustee, road commissioner and township collector, the duties of which he has discharged with promptness and fidelity. He is a charter member of the Masonic lodge. No. 821, at New Canton, and he also belongs to the Mod- ern Woodmen camp, No. 1148. The successful man is he who plans his own advancement and who recognizes that the present and not the fu- ture holds his opportunity. With a laudable ambition to win success Mr. Gard without capital started upon a business career, placing his de- pendence upon the safe and sure qualities of in- dustry and untiring effort. These have opened for him the portals of success and he is classed today among the substantial residents of his na- tive county, who have won simultaneously a very gratifying competence and an honorable name. JAMES GAY, Sr. James Gay, Sr., is the second oldest living resi- dent of Pike county and no history of this part of the state would be complete without mention of his life record. He resides in Atlas township and is now in his ninet3'-third year. Descended from Irish ancestry, his grandfather, James Gay, emigrated from the Emerald isle to the United States in 1766 and first took up his abode in Lan- caster county, Pennsylvania, but afterward re- moved to North Carolina. In 1768 he married Miss Margaret Mitchell, of Pennsylvania. He was a Revolutionary soldier and was engaged in the Sotono campaign in South Carolina in 1779. in the battle of Post 96 and of LTtah Springs in 1781. He died in Rowan county. North Carolina, in 1819 and was buried in the Third Creek set- tlement in North Carolina, where his wife was also laid to rest. Unto James and Margaret (Mitchell) Gay were born three children, namely : John, William and Rachel. Of this family William Gay was born in North Carolina, October 28, 1772, and died in Monroe county, Indiana, July 21, 1836, the burial taking place near the town of Stanford. He was the father of our subject. He was twice married, his first union being with Mary Wilson on the 15th of March, 1800. Following her death he wedded Ann Rutledge, who was born July 5, 1783, and was married to William Gay on the 26th of August, 1808. Unto William and Mary (Wilson) Gay was born one son, Abner. By the second marriage there were ten children. 654 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. namely : John L., Mary, Margaret, James, Martha, Adeline, Abel, William T., Hile K. and one child who died unnamed. Of these all are now deceased with the exception of James Gay and his brother Hile who resides in California. The mother died in Clayton, Adams county, Illinois, April I, 1855. James Gay, Sr., whose name introduces this re- view, acquired his education in North Carolina, one of his early teachers being Peter S. Ney, who is supposed to have been the famous Marshal Xey of France, one of the leading marshals under Napoleon. It was given out that he was executed after the battle of Waterloo but in real- ity he escaped through the aid of the Duke of Wellington and came to America, teaching school in the Carolinas and in Georgia. -Upon his father's plantation James Gay was .reared and assisted him in the farm duties until 1830, at which time^ being then sixteen years of age, he accompanied his father and the family to Bloomington, Indiana, where he remained for four years, working by the day at anything he could find to do. In 1834 he arrived in Atlas, Pike county, Illinois, which at that time was the county seat. During the summer of that year when he was penniless he found a friend in Lyman Scott, a farmer, near Atlas, who gave him employment. He assisted Mr. Scott in farm work for about two years, being paid fifty cents per day for splitting rails and chopping down trees. After one week he poled a keelboat down the stream to the Missisippi river, for which he re- ceived seventy-five cents per day. He made only one trip, however, this being the hardest work which he ever did in his life. He afterward con- tinued with Mr. Scott as a farm hand for a short time, after which he raised crops on the shares for him during one summer. On account of failing health Mr. Gay returned to Indiana, where he remained for a brief period and then again came to Pike county in order to harvest the crop of corn that he was raising on the shares. This was in 1835. In the spring of 1836 he rented a farm near Atlas and worked with George Schwartz. He not only carried on the work of the fields but also engaged in raising cattle and hogs on the shares and was associated with Mr. Schwartz in general farming and stock- raising until 1842, at which time they together purchased an eighty-acre farm two miles below Atlas. This they cultivated and improved to- gether for two years, when they divided it. In the meantime they also purchased a quarter section of land about two miles below Atlas, for which they were to pay one thousand dollars, incurring an indebtedness in order to secure the property. Feeling, however, that they were taking too great a risk in this way they gave up sixty acres of the land, retaining possession of and divided the balance of the one hundred acres. Then the part- nership between Mr. Gay and Mr. Schwartz ceased and they carried on farming separately. During this time, on the 30th of May, 1839, Mr. Gay was united in marriage to Miss Arhelia Yokem, a daughter of Solomon and Elizabeth (Butler) Yokem. Unto thern were bom nine children, seven sons and two daughters, as fol- lows: William H.. ; Elizabeth, now the wife of N. J. Brown ; Caroline, who married James Ellis ; Marion, who was a soldier of the Civil war ; Charles E. ; James C ; Julian O. ; George A. ; and Elmer E. All are now living with the ex- ception of Elmer, who died at the age of six years and was buried in the Summer Hill cemeter)'. Mr. Gay removed from Atlas to Surrimer Hill in 1856 and has lived upon his present farm since that time. He is now retired from active business, having put aside all cares in March, 1905. In the years of an active career he had accumulated a large estate, becoming owner of four hundred and seventy-six acres, much of which was rich, pro- ductive soil, one hundred acres, however, being timber land, many of the trees being hard wood. On the 9th of May, 1904, Mr. Gay was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the old farm homestead at Summer Hill. He is now living in the ninety-third year of his age, and is one of the venerable and honored residents of the county. He has long been recognized as a valued citizen because he has exeniplified in his life those sterling traits of character which are manifest in the honorable business man and also in him who has the perseverance to promote gen- eral welfare and progress. In all his dealings he has been honorable, and his earnest efifort was PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 655 •the basis upon which he . builded his prosperity. Empty-handed when he started out in hfe on his own account, he worked persistently and ener- getically year after year, and thus added to his capital. At all times he has borne an untarnished name; and it is with pleasure that we present his history to his fellow townsmen. William H. Gay, the oldest son of the family, living near the father, was born in Pike county, March 2, 1840. and was reared upon the old farm homestead. Having acquired a good English education, he engaged in teaching school for three years. He has been a Civil war veteran, having been a member of Company K, Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, with which he served with distinction in defense of the Union cause during the greater part of the war. He then returned to Pike county, Illinois, where he resumed teaching, but later left that profession and gave his entire time to farm- ing and stock-raising. On the 27th of October, 1867, he married Elizabeth Shinn, and unto them have been born five children, namely : Mary, Elmer D., Charles L., William W. and Fred S. Gay. On the ist of May, 1892, William H. Gay was again married, his second union being with Hattie Hubbard, by whom he had four children, Grace, Ernest H., John W. and Lettie. Mr. Gay is accounted one of the worthy men of Pike county and one of its largest landowners. He is now retired from active business cares, making his home in Summer Hill. GEORGE R. HAINES. George R. Haines, who is one of the oldest business men in Baylis, having located there in 1878, was born in Avon, Franklin county, Maine, February 20, 1850, and is a son of Benjamin R. and Sallie (Bailey), Haines, both of whom were born in the Pine Tree state, and spent their last days in Baylis, where they had established their home some years before. On his mother's side he represents one of the old New England families of English ancestry that was founded in America in August, 1635. His father was also of English ancestry, and his mother was a Scotch woman. George R. Haines is one of a family of six children, namely : Charles M. Haines, a contrac- tor and builder of Saline, Kansas ; Mrs. Abbie B. Merrick, the wife of H. Merrick, agent of the Southern Railroad Company at Princeton, Indi- ana: Ben Haines, deceased, who was for many )ears a prominent business man of Baylis; and two sisters who died in childhood. The youth of George R. Haines was passed in Avon, Maine, where he spent the winter months in the common schools, while in the spring and summer months he worked in his father's lumber mills, and on the home farm. In August, 1867, he went to Camp Point, Illinois, where he at- tended the Maplewood high school, returning to his native state in March, 1868. During the fall of 1868 and winter of 1869 he traveled in New Hampshire and Vermont as salesman for a patent medicine house of Auburn, Maine, visiting all of the principal towns and villages in those states along the lines of railroads and many of the larger inland towns. In March, 1869, he returned with his father's family to Camp Point, Illinois, where he worked for nearly two years for his uncle, E. E. B. Sawyer, in a general store. Mr. Haines was married at Camp Point, No- vember 17, 1870, to Miss Mattie J. Lasley, who was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, but was reared mostly in Illinois. Her father was William Las- ley, who came from Ohio to Illinois in 1852 and was pilot on a steamer which ran from New Or- leans to St. Louis. He changed from the lower river to a run from Keokuk to St. Paul, where he lost his life by injuries received in a collision of the boat with another steamer in 1854. His wife had proceeded him to the great beyond. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Haines was born a son, S. F. Haines, who is now associate editor of the Baylis Guide. Mr. Haines was in the employ of the Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Company for several years, and in 1875-6 was manager of its branch office at Kansas City, ]\Iissouri. Ini878he removed to Baylis, and in company with his brother, Ben Haines, and his brother-in-law, H. Merrick, he established the first hardware, furniture and agri- cultural implement house in that village. In the spring of 1879 he was called upon to mourn the 656 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. loss of his wife. He was married again, Sep- tember 9, 1880, to Mrs. Nancy E. McClintock, of Camp Point, a sister of his first wife and the widow of Samuel AlcClintock. ]>y her first marriage she had one daughter, Anna E. McClin- tock, who has always made her home with her mother. To the last union was born one daughter, Mattie S. Haines ; and one son, Harry P. Haines, both of whom are now in the employ of their father. After his second marriage Mr. Haines left his business in Baylis to his brother Ben and re- moved to his wife's farm just north of Camp Point, where he followed farming and stock-rais- ing until December, 1886. He then returned to Baylis and again engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, which he followed until the fall of 1895, at which time he sold his store, and in 1896 bought the Baylis Guide plant, then owned by Bentley & Donly, and continues its operation. He is inter- actively engaged in newspaper, real-estate and in- surance business, being senior member of the Guide Printing Company, also of the Bayliss Real- Estate Agency, manager of the Ben Haines Under- taking Company, a member of the Illinois Under- takers' Association, and also a stockholder and secretary of the Baylis Creamery Company. He is a member of Summit lodge. No. 834, I. O. O. F. and, in fact, was the founder of the lodge, and with others gave liberally toward the building of the brick store and hall building now owned by that lodge. He is a member of the Illinois grand lodge, and has served two years as a member of the committee on legislation in that grand body. He is also a member of the Woodmen, the Mu- tual Protective League and the Pike County Life Association. His sons are both Odd Fellows, his wife and daughters are members of the Rebekah lodge ; and they are stanch Methodists. Public interests have always received the co- operation and support of Mr. Haines. He has been elected several times a member of the vil- lage board, serving also as its president. Politically he is, and always has been, a repub- lican, but political emoluments have no attraction for him, as he prefers to devote his time and en- ergies to his business interests and the duties de- volving upon him as a citizen, without regard to public office. LEVI LANDESS. Levi Landess, a well known representative of farming interests in Pearl township, was born in Highland county, Ohio, December 23, 1840, his parents being John A. and Rachel (Michael) Landess. The father was a farmer and removed from his native state of Ohio to Kentucky. He was married, however, in the Buckeye state. After residing for some years in Kentucky, he came to Pike county, Illinois, in 1865, settling in Monte- zuma township, where he engaged in general agri- cutlural pursuits, spending his remaining days upon the homestead farm which he here developed and improved. His wife also died in Monte- zuma township. Levi Landess was reared to the occupation of farming and acquired his education in the public schools. He has devoted his entire life to agri- cultural pursuits and now resides on a farm a mile . and a half north of Pearl, where he owns and op- erates one hundred and twenty acres of land. As a companion and helpmate for life's journey he chose Miss Eveline G. Sweat, their marriage be- ing celebrated on the 12th of August, 1869, in Detroit, Illinois. Mrs. Landess is a daughter of John A. and Rachel (Marden) Sweat. Her fa- ther was a native of the state of Maine, and on leaving New England, when about nineteen years of age, went with his parents to Missouri, whence he afterward came to Pike county, Illinois. He was married in Scott county, this state, in Septem- ber, 1840. His death occurred in Newburg town- ship. Pike county, near Pittsfield, and his remains were interred in Blue River cemetery near the vil- lage of Detroit. His wife died at the home of Asahel Duflf, and she was laid to rest by the side of her husband in Blue River ceinetery, L^nto Mr. and Mrs. Landess have been born five children: Artie R., who died August 31, 1870; .-Vrthur P.: Ada Y.. who died September 7, 1872; Bertha V.; Edith M., who died July 4, 1881. The son, Arthur P. Landess, completed PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 657 his education in the high school at Pearl, and after his graduation began teaching, which profession he followed for six years in Pike county. He then went to Bushnell, Illinois, where he taught in the Western Normal College, for three years. He afterward taught in Greer College at Hoopeston, Illinois, for one year, on the expiration of which period he went to Peoria, Illinois, where he en- gaged in the practice of law for a year, having been previously admitted to the bar in Chicago. On leaving Peoria he took up his abode in Chi- cago, and is now employed in the Bell Telephone Wire Factory as an expert timekeeper. He mar- ried Miss Leona Snell, of Bushnell, Illinois. Ber- tha V. Landess was married July 31, 1902, to Edwin L. Bailey, of Greer College, Hoopeston, Illinois, both having been teachers in that in- stitution. i\Ir. and Mrs. Landess are members of the Christian church at Green Pond, Illinois, and are highly esteemed in the county where they have now long resided. His entire life has been devoted to agricultural pursuits ; and in his business ca- reer he has been both energetic and upright, win- ning; success and an honorable name. GEORGE W. SCHWARTZ, M. D. Dr. George W. Schwartz, a pioneer physician and surgeon of Summer Hill, was born in Atlas township, February 17, 1847, his parents being George and Mary (Gay) Schwartz. The father was born in Spleugen, Switzerland, on the 7th of October, 1808, and emigrated to the United States about 1834, making his way direct to Pike county, Illinois. He worked for a time with Lyman Scott, a prominent farmer near Atlas, Illinois, and subsequently formed a partnership with James Gay, Sr., of Summer Hill. In the spring of 1835 they rented a farm and carried on general agricultural pursuits together. They also leased cattle and hogs and raised them on the shares. This business connection was continued until 1842, after which they purchased eighty acres 'of farm land near. Atlas and subsequently purchased one hundred and sixty acres on credit, but they disposed of sixty acres, fearing to take too great a responsibility in assuming the payment for this property. They then divided the remain- ing one hundred acres and also the eighty acres which they had previously purchased, and Mr. Schwartz and Mr. Gay then farmed separately. Mr. Schwartz lived uponand farmed his land until 1855, ^^ which time he sold the property to Jack- son Shaw. He then purchased another farm of two hundred and forty acres in Atlas township, about one mile north of his farm property, and this he continued to cultivate until the latter part of his life, when in 1867 he retired from active business and rented his farm, which he owned, however, up to the time of his death. It has since been sold by the heirs. He departed this life in Summer Hill, January 26, 1887, and his wife died November 2, 1902. Both were buried in Sum- mer Hill cemetery. Mr. Schwartz had wedded Miss Mary Gay, who was born in North Carolina, October 25, 1810. Unto this marriage there were born five children, three sons and two daughters. Mary A., born July 27, 1839, died June 19, 1854, and was buried in Summer Hill cemetery. John G., born February 17, 1841, died May 16, 1897, and was buried in Hebron cemetery in Adams county. Julius was born June 15, 1844. George W. is the next of the family. Lucy A., born Jan- uary 20, 1854, became the wife of John Shaw, who died in December, 1905, while visiting at his old home in Summer Hill. His widow and two children survive him and reside in Quincy, Illinois. George W. Schwartz, whose name introduces this review, has resided continuously in Atlas township for nearly fifty-nine years except for a period of six months spent in the practice of his profession in Atchison county, Missouri. His primary education was obtained in the district schools of his native township, and he afterward pursued his studies in a select school of Perry, Illinois, taught by Jon Shastid, a pioneer teacher of Pike county, and also a school taught by him in Pittsfield, Illinois. He afterward studied for a time in the public schools of Pittsfield, and later spent two years as ;i student in the preparatory school of Knox College at Galesburg, Illinois, after which he matriculated in the freshman class 658 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of the same college, completing the work of the sophomore year as well. He then passed an ex- amination and entered the junior class of the same college, but left that school in the fall of 1870, and entered upon the study of medicine in the office of Drs. Hurd and Burlingham in Galesburg, Illinois. Later he matriculated in the College of Physicians & Surgeons at St. Louis, Missouri, where he pursued a course of lectures, and in 1 87 1 he entered the medical department of the LJniversity of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he remained for one term. In the fall of 1872 he became a student in the St. Louis Medical Col- lege, now the medical department of Washington University, in which he pursued a one year's course and was graduated therefrom with the de- gree of M. D. on the 13th of March, 1873. In the spring of the same year he began practicing in Milton, Atchison county, Missouri, where he re- mained for six months, when he made a trip to Texas with a view of locating there, but finding no location to his liking, he re- turned to Pike county and opened an office in Summer Hill, where he has since been in continu- ous practice for thirty-three years. He enjoys a large patronage, and his business has been of an important nature. He has always kept well in- formed concerning the progress of the medical fraternity, and the new ideas advanced by the pro- fession as experience and investigation have broadened the knowledge of the members of the medical fraternity. In his political views Dr. Schwartz is an earn- est republican, having always upheld the princi- ples of that party. He is widely and favorably known in Pike county, where he has a host of loyal friends, having become popular with all whom he has met either socially or professionally. HUTSON MARTIN. Hutson Martin, a retired farmer living in Rockport, was born in Danville, Vermilion coun- ty, Illinois, January 16, 1832, and is the third in a family of seven children, whose parents were William and Ceraphena (Wetherby) Martin. The father was a native of Virginia and, taking up his abode in Vermilion county, Illinois, at an early day, was there engaged in farming up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1838, his remains being interred in a cemetery near Danville. His wife was a native of the state of New York and was married in Indiana to William Martin. Sub- sequent to his death she became the wife of Sam- uel Purcell, and in 1846 they removed to Pike county, settling in Derry township, where Mr. Purcell rented a farm and carried on general ag- ricultural pursuits. Mrs. Purcell spent her last days in Adams county, Washington, where she died in 1890, her remains being interred at near Washtucna. Hutson Martin, whose name introduces this re- view, was a youth of about fourteen years when he accompanied his mother, stepfather and other members of the family to Pike county. He re- mained with the Purcell family for a time and later started out in life on his own account. In 1854, when twenty- two years of age, he bought a farm of sixty acres in Derry township, and at once began its improvement and development, continuing its cultivation until he had trans- formed it into a very valuable and productive property. As his financial resources increased he kept adding to his place until he had two hun- dred and eighty acres of good farming property in Derry township. As the years passed by he prospered and stored up a capital sufficient to enable him in the evening of life to enjoy a well earned rest. Their children were Matilda, Oliver, Hutson, Tarble W., Henry, Amantha and Mar- tha. Four of the number, however, have passed away, the surviving members of the family being Hutson, Matilda and Tarble. Mr. Martin was married to Miss Lydia Cham- berlin, a daughter of Aaron and Rachael (Bry- ant) Chamberlin. Her father was a native of New Jersey and her mother of Ohio, their mar- riage being celebrated in Butler county of the latter state. They came to Pike county, Illi- nois, in 1835, settling in Derry township among the early residents of the locality. Mr. Chamber- lin began farming and continued to follow the pursuit up to the time of his death, which oc- curred in May, 1850, his remains being interred PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 659 in the Taylor cemetery. His wife long survived him, passing away February 6, 1889, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Martin. She was then laid to rest by the side of her husband in Taylor cemetery. In their family were three sons and one daughter, Alfred, James W., John B. and Lydia A., but the first two are now deceased. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Martin have been born seven children, three sons and four daughters : Isaiah B., who died upon his father's farm Feb- ruary II, 1872, and was buried upon this place, a part of the farm being donated for cemetery purposes, and now known as the Taylor cemetery ; WiUard A., who resides in Louisiana, Missouri, where he is proprietor of a grocery store ; Gilbert N., who carries on general agricultural pursuits on the old homestead farm; Flora M., who died October 7, 1867; Mary J., the wife of Charles H. Taylor, who resides on a farm in Atlas town- ship; Delia R., the wife of George S. Adams, who is living in the town of Atlas ; and Lydia A., the wife of H. Wallace Haines, of Rockport. Throughout his active business career Mr. Martin carried on general farming, but is now liv- ing retired, having acquired property and capital sufficient to enable him to spend the evening of his life in the enjoyment of well earned ease. For long years he and his wife resided upon the farm, which is yet their home; and its well improved appearance is largely due to the labor and care which he bestowed upon it. In all his business dealings he was just and fair, never taking ad- vantage of the necessities of his fellowmen in any trade transaction ; and he gained for himself an honorable name as well as a comfortable com- petence. T. B. FISHER. T. B. Fisher, postmaster and merchant at Bee Creek, was born December 14, 1859, in Colum- bus, Ohio, where he was educated in the public schools. His parents, Edward and Terza (Der- mott) Fisher, were also natives of the Buckeye state and lived and died in Columbus. For thirty years prior to his death the father was engaged in the undertaking business there. T. B. Fisher remained a resident of his native city until 1877, when at the age of seventeen years he left Ohio and came direct to Pike county, lo- cating in Bee Creek, where he has since lived with the exception of one year passed in St. Louis. He began farm work upon his arrival here and was thus employed for four years. On the ex- piration of that period he went to Pearl station, where he was engaged in merchandising in part- nership with his uncle, Michael Fisher, for a year. He then sold out to his uncle and became a part- ner of W. L. Deemer in the same line, this rela- tion being also maintained for a year, at the end of which time Mr. Fisher disposed of his interest to his partner. Returning to Bee Creek, he en- gaged in farming, renting land for about two years, after which he purchased a farm two and a half miles from the village, comprising sixty acres of good land, which he improved, placing it under a high state of cultivation. After two years, however, he went to St. Louis, Missouri, on account of the ill health of his wife. He had been married in 1881 to Miss Josephine Roberts, a daughter of George W. and Rowena C. (Al- bert) Roberts. Her father was one of the early settlers of Pike county and both he and his wife are still living at Bee Creek. He has contributed in substantial measure to the growth and im- provement of his section of the county, and may well be mentioned among the honored early settlers. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher continued to make their home in St. Louis for about a year, after which they returned to the farm, and his attention was given to general agricultural pursuits until the 7th of April, 1900, when he opened a general store in Bee Creek. He still owns his farm, however, and it is operated under his personal supervision. On the same day in which he opened his store he was appointed postmaster at Bee Creek under President McKinley's administra- tion, and has held the office continuously since. He was engaged in merchandising in the old store which he rented when he embarked in business here until the building was destroyed by fire on the 27th of February, 1904, his stock being also entirely consumed. In October, 1903, he pur- chased a stock of merchandise at Gravel Point, 66o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Calhoun county, and conducted business there in conjunction with his store at Bee Creek until his new store was ready for occupancy. In Oc- tober, 1904, he erected a good business building in P>ee Creek and put in a more extensive stock of general merchandise than he had ever carried before. He is now enjoying a paying trade, hav- ing a liberal patronage from the village and sur- rounding country. He conducts his interests along modern business lines ; and his activity, careful management and diligence constitute the basis of his success. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher are the parents of five children, but they lost their first born, Terza C, whose birth occurred May 3, 1881, and who died on the 5th of November of the same year. The others are : Zula G., who was born November 26, 1883 ; Alpha B., born October 30, 1885 ; Harlan D., February 28, 1887; and Zendoree E., born October 31, 1904. All of the children were born at Bee Creek. Mr. Fisher is a self-made man of much strength of character and determination. His mother died during his infancy, and he was only twelve years of age when he started out in life on his own account. He has since depended en- tirely upon his own resources ; and as the years have gone by, he has made consecutive advance- ment, progressing steadily toward the goal of success. No fortunate combination of circum- stances have aided him ; and, in fact, he has met difficulties and obstacles, but he has steadilv worked his way upward and is today prospering in his undertakings. CHARLES H. HURT. Charles H. Hurt, postmaster of Barry, was born April 30, 1841, a son of Elisha and Margaret (Lee) Hurt. The father's birth occurred in Kentucky, May 26, 1809, and his plarents were Joshua and Sail)- (Davis) LIurt, who came to Il- linois at an early clay, settling in Sangamon county, where he died the same vear. His first wife had departed this life in Tennessee, and he afterward married Elizabeth Peb\A'orth, of Ken- tucky, who after his death returned to Kentucky with four of the youngest sons : William P., Smith, James and Harvey. The family is of English lineage, the great-grandfather of our subject having been born in England, whence he came to America with his parents, settling in North Carolina. At the time of the outbreak of hostilities between the colonies and the mother country he joined the continental army and val- iantly fought for the independence of the nation. The paternal grandparents of our subject were natives of Virginia and the grandfather was born in 1782. He served as a soldier of the war of 1812 and participated in the battle of New Or- leans, Louisiana, on the 8th of January, 181 5. The family was further represented in the mili- tary service of this country by Jon, William P. and Smith Hurt, uncles of our subject, who served in the Mexican war, while Smith Hurt afterward became colonel of the Twenty-fourth Kentuck)' Infantry Regiment in the Civil war. Elisha Hurt, father of our subject, arrived in Pike county, Illinois, in 1839, when it was still largely an unimproved and unsettled district. He took up his abode in Barry township. He had been married in Kentucky in 1838 to Miss Mar- garet J. Lee, a native of Morgan county, Vir- ginia, where she was born in 1818. Unto this union were born twelve children, three of whom are now- living : Elisha, who was a soldier of Company F, One hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry in the Civil war, and is now living in Mount Vernon, this state ; Edwin G., who resides in Boise City, Idaho ; and Charles H. Another son of the family, John M. Hurt, now deceased, was numbered among the boys in blue of Company G, Eighth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, with which he continued for three months. He entered the army as a private and became quartermaster sergeant of the Twenty-eighth Il- linois Infantry, while later he was captain of Company E of the One Hundred and Twent)^- first Regiment of United States Colored Troops and also captain of Company C, Twelfth United States Colored Heavy Artillery. Elisha Hurt, father of this family, went to Cal- ifornia in 1849, being among the first to cross the plains in that year, attracted by the discovery C. H. HURT PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 663 of gold on the Pacific slope, where he met with gratifying success. He erected the first frame building at Placerville, was engaged in mercantile business there and also served as postmaster. At that time eggs sold at one dollar apiece and both bacon and salt sold at one dollar per pound. Mr. Hurt returned east in 185 1 and engaged in mer- chandising in Barry for ten years or until 1861, when he retired from active business. During the Civil war he raised a company for service and ^\•as commissioned captain of Company I of the Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantr}-, with which he was connected for three years. His political allegiance \\"as given to the republican party from the time of its organization and he was recognized as a local leader in its ranks. He served as sheriflf of Pike count}' as a whig in 1853 and 1854. His death occurred August 7, 1888, while his wife passed away on the 6th of ^lav! 1866. Charles H. Hurt was educated in the schools of his native town and manifested the militan,- spirit which has been a marked characteristic in the family through many generations. His love of country" was shown b}" his prompt response to the call for troops at the outbreak of the Civil war. Hardly had the smoke from Fort Sumter's guns cleared awa}" than he donned the blue uniform of the nation, enlisting from Barr}- on the 20th of April, i86r, in response to the call for three months' troops. He was mustered into the United States ser^dce at Springfield, Illinois, on the 25th of April, 1861, as a private under the command of Captain John G. ^IcWilliams of Company G, Eightli Illinois Infantr}-, the colonel being Richard J. Oglesb}-, afterward governor of the state. The regiment A\-as organized at Spring- field and after being mustered in there was sent to Cairo, Illinois, where he remained during tlie three months' term. On the 25th of July, 1861, it was reorganized and mustered into the service for three years. ]\Ir. Hurt was honorably dis- charged at Cairo, July 2^. 1861, by reason of the expiration of his term. He then re-enlisted on the same da}- to sen-e for three years or during the war and was mustered in as first sergeant of Com- pany G, Eighth Regiment of Illinois A'olunteers under command of Captain James S. Barnard and 33 Colonel R. J. Oglesb}- for three years" service. The regiment continued to drill and do guard duty at Cairo until October, 1861, when it was transferred to Bird's Point, Missouri, there re- maining until Februar}-, 1862, becoming thor- oughly grounded in the manuel of arms and attaining a high degree of discipline and efficiency. The members of this regiment made expeditions at different times to Cape Girardeau, Commerce, Bloomfield and Norfolk, Missouri, and to Bland- ville, Kentucky, joining in the attack on Colum- bus, in Januar}-, 1862. On the 2d of February following they moved up the Tennessee river to a point near Fort Henry, where it reconnoitered the enemy's position, proceeding near enough to drive in the outpost and this regiment was among the first to enter the fort after its reduction by the Union gunboats on the 6th of February, 1862. Subsequently the command was assigned to the Third Brigade, Logan's Division of the Seventh Army Corps of the Army of the Tennessee and thus participated in the battle of Fort Donelson on the 13th, 14th and 15th of February, 1862, where the Eighth Illinois was contantly under heav}" fire, suffering severely from the driving snowstomi and intense cold as well as from the rebel lead. The regiment lost in that engagement fiftv-seven killed, one hundred and ninety-one wounded and ten missing. On the 6th of March the command embarked on the Tennessee river for Sax'annah and took part in the engagement at Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing on the 6th and 7th of April, 1862. Again the troops were in active dutv at the siege of Corinth, at Port Gibson or Thompson's Hill, at Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Black River, the siege of Mcksburg and the siege of ?iIobile. Alabama, including the capture of Spanish Fort and of Fort Blakely on the gth of April, 1865. They were also in a number of minor engagements, skirmishes and raids. The Eighth Illinois was the first regiment to plant its colors on the earthworks at Fort Blakeh', Ala- bama, and subsequenth' moved into Louisiana and Texas, rendering valuable goiard duty and engag- ing an occasional expedition for the protection of i;overnment property and government officials. In the late fall of 1S65 the regiment was ordered to Alexandria, Louisiana, where it remained until 664 PA^T AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. winter and then went to Shreveport, Louisiana, where it was stationed until April, 1866. It was mustered out May 4, 1866, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and ordered to Springfield, where the men were honorably discharged May 13, 1866, after a service of more than five years' duration. On the expiration of his three years' term Mr. Hurt had been honorably discharged at Vicks- burg, Mississippi, on the ist of April, 1864, and had then re-enlisted as a veteran in the same com- pany and regiment, at which time he was mus- tered into the United States service as first lieu- tenant of Company G to serve for three years longer or during the war, Lieutenant-Colonel Jo- siah H. Sheets commanding the regiment. For brave and efficient service he received the follow- ing promotions : To orderly sergeant of Company G upon the organization of the regiment for three years' service July 25, 1861 ; commissioned sec- ond lieutenant after the battle of Fort Donelson for meritorious service February 15, 1862; com- missioned first lieutenant July 25, 1864; commis- sioned captain October 7, 1864; and mustered in November 16, 1864. He was wounded at the battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6, 1862, by a gunshot through the left arm and side, after which he was removed to a hospital that had been fitted up in a church at Savannah, Tennessee, where he remained for about twenty days. He was then granted a furlough, which he spent at home, after which he rejoined his regiment before Corinth, Mississippi, in May, 1862. He was in signal service for about a year, including a part of 1862 and of 1863. He participated in all the engagements of the Eighth Illinois Regiment dur- ing its long and arduous service and was mus- tered out with his command at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on the 4th of May, 1866. The Eighth Illinois was longer in continuous service than any other volunteer organization during the Civil war and was next to the last infantry regiment to be mustered out from Illinois. Mr. Hurt was the first man to enlist from Barry and in fact the only one that enlisted for three months' service and he was the last one to be discharged. His military record is certainly one of which he has every reason to be proud and the country owes to him a debt of gratitude for what he accomplished in behalf of the Union cause. The family of which he is a representative has ever been noted for its patriotism, loyalty and bravery. Mr. Hurt's father and three of his sons, John M., Elisha and Charles H., and his son-in-law. Major E. A. Cran- dall, of the Ninety-ninth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, gave to the government an aggregate serv- ice of fifteen years during the Civil war. While home on a furlough Charles H. Hurt was married at Barry, on the 5th of May, 1864, to Miss C. Mell Cram, a native of Crawford county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Orange and Susan (Carroll) Cram. Mr. and Mrs. Hurt had five children, but all died in infancy. How- ever, they have adopted two children, one of whom is living, Joseph N. Hurt, who is still with his foster parents. From 1874 until 188 1 Mr. Hurt was auditor and paymaster for the St. Louis, Keokuk & North- western Railroad and made all the payments dur- ing that period, including the construction of sev- enty-five miles of new road. He afterward en- gaged in farming for ten years and in 1891 he engaged in the hardware business, which he fol- lowed until 1893. In 1896 he erected the post- office block and was then engaged in the furniture business until 1902. In 1900 he had been ap- point postmaster and since 1902 he has devoted his entire attention to the duties of the position. In politics he is a stalwart republican and has acted as supervisor of Barry township. He belongs to Barry lodge, No. 34, A. F. & A. M., and for ten years has been honored with the office of secretary. He is also a member of Barry charpter, No. 88, R. A. M., and belongs to John McTucker post. No. 154, G. A. R., of Barry, in which he has acted as commander for two terms. His father was one of the organizers and a charter member of the Barry Masonic lodge, which was established in 1845, the organization being effected at his home, which is still standing, and he \\'as chosen its first secretary. Charles H. Hurt is now one of the oldest business men of the town of Barry, having been identified with its in- terests since 1852. Throughout this period his course has been such as to win for him the un- qualified respect and regard of his fellowmen. In matters of citizenship he has been as loyal to his PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 665 community and his country in days of peace as when he followed the old flag upon southern battle-fields and in business affairs he has been straigh forward and honorable, while in all social and fraternal relations he has been found true to the trust reposed in him. JAMES WILLIAMSON. Of the residents of Pittsfield who are con- tributing to the business activity and prosperity of the city as well as to their individual success, James Williamson is a representative. He is en- gaged in the grain trade, and operates the only exclusive elevator in Pittsfield. Success in anv line of occupation, in any avenue of business is not a matter of spontaneity, but is the legitimate off- spring of subjective effort in the broader utiliza- tion of the means at hand, the improvement of opportunity and the exercise of one's native pow- ers. That Mr. Williamson today ranks among the prominent residents of Pittsfield, is attributable entirely to his own labors ; for in the fullest sense he has been the architect of his own fortunes, building wisely and well. A native of Ohio, he was born in 1838. His father, Jesse Williamson, born in Baltimore, Maryland, was of Irish de- scent; and, removing to Ohio, there turned his attention to farming which he follov/ed until 1857. He then came with his family to Pike county, Illinois, settling in New/burg township, where he made investment in one hundred and sixty acres of land upon which he carried on general farming until his later years. He contin- ued to reside, however, upon the old homestead until his death, which occurred in 1894. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Martha Sloan, was born in Highland county, Ohio. Mr. Wil- liamson was well known in the county as a man of good business capacity, independent in thought and action, but of upright character and high prin- ciples. He was identified with no religious nor political organization, but gave his support wher- ever he thought it merited and co-operated in many movements for the general good. In the family were four children, of whom two are liv- ing: James and Thomas, the latter a resident of Jacksonville, Illinois. He is married and has two children : Ernest E., who is editor of the Inde- pendent Press at Griggsville, Illinois ; and Ray- mond, who is residing in Oklahoma. James Williamson began his education at the usual age in the common schools, and afterward attended the Commercial College at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, for a short time. Subsequent to his removal to Pike county, he began farming, purchasing a tract of land in Newburg township. He has since been a landowner of this countv and is to-day the possessor of eighty acres, constitut- ing a well improved and beautiful farm. For many years he actively carried on general farm work himself, but now rents his land. About 1887 he engaged in the grain business in Pitts- field, and in connection with Thomas Ward pur- chased the old mill, which was one of the first plants of this character in the county. The part- nership was maintained for a time, and then J\Ir. Williamson purchased Mr. Ward's interest; and not long afterward the mill burned down. Mr. Williamson having purchased the old creamery building, converted it into an elevator, and has since engaged in buying wheat. He also purchased a feed mill, and has ground feed, cornmeal and graham flour — commodities which he exchanges for wheat. He has the only feed mill in the town, and is doing a nice business here. Mr. Williamson was married to Miss Ellen Hayden, who was born in Newburg township. Pike county, in 1848, a daughter of L. E. Hay- den, a farmer owning two hundred acres of land, and one of the early settlers of Pike county, to which place he came in 1832 from Missouri. Mrs. Williamson has a brother in Pittsfield — Newton J. Hayden, while another brother, William F. Hayden, a soldier of the Civil war, is residing at Milton. LInto Mr. and Mrs. Williamson have been born two sons : Orville, who was educated in Pittsfield and in the Conniiercial College at Quincy, married Ida Hamilton, of Barry, where they now reside, and where he is acting as cash- ier of the First National Bank. Gay, who was educated in Pittsfield and in the Commercial Col- lege at Quincy, is a farmer living in Pittsfield. He married Salina Carnes, of this city, and they 666 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. have five children, Luella, Helen, Presley, Bir- della and Verdon. In his political affiliation Mr. Williamson is a republican, but without aspiration for office. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, in which he has taken the degrees of the lodge, chapter and coun- cil. He is regarded as an exemplary member of the Masonic fraternity, being true to the teach- ings of the craft, which is based upon mutual help- fulness and brotherly kindness. He is a very busy man, yet he is ever ready to pause in the midst of business duties to lend a helping hand to friend or neighbor, or to aid in advancing the city's welfare. He is moreover worthy of the re- spect which is freely accorded him, for his name is a synonym for honorable dealing, with all that is elevating and beneficial to the city and county. CHARLES R. WYATT. Charles R. W)ratt, proprietor of the Wyatt Ho- tel at Rockport, is a self-made man, deserviiig much credit for what he has accomplished in the business world. He was born January 4, 1843, in New York city, where he spent the first ten years of his life, acquiring his primary education there. He is the son of Richard and Elizabeth (Cole) Wyatt, being the fifth in order of birth in a familjr of eight children. The parents were both natives of England, where they were reared, educated and married. They emigrated from London with their three children and landed at New York city. The father was an umbrella-ma- ker, and worked at his trade up to the time of his death, which occurred June 11, 1850, in New York, when he was thirty-nine years of age, his remains being interred in the Greenwood ceme- tery in Brooklyn. His wife survived him until August 29, 1865, and died on the W. R. Wills farm near Pittsfield, her remains being interred in the West cemetery near that city. She was for- ty-nine years of age at the time of her demise. In October, 1853, Charles R. Wyatt left the eastern metropolis in company with his brother William, and made his way to Rockport, Pike county, Illinois. He was sent here by the Chil- drens' Aid Society of New York city. Mrs. Wyatt having been left without means upon her husband's death, and with a family of eight chil- dren to support, was obliged to seek assistance; and' it was thus that the two brothers came to Pike county. Charles R. Wyatt was then bound out to Thomas Odiorne, a farmer residing one mile north of Rockport, with whom he remained until twenty-one years of age, engaged in active farm work. At the end of that time he re- ceived one hundred dollars in money and a suit of clothes — a very meagre recompense for his ten years of faithful labor. He at once left the farm of Mr. Odiorne, and for about one year was em- ployed at farm labor by others. At this time, 1864, his mother arrived in Atlas township with her younger son, George, and Mr. Wyatt then rented forty acres of farm land from W. R. Wills near Pittsfield. There the family resided for one sum- mer ; and it was upon that farm that the mother died. On the isth of April, 1866, Mr. Wyatt won a companion and helpmate for life's journey by his marriage to Miss Sarah K. Mace, a daughter of John and Lucia M. (Chamberlin) Mace, in whose family were five children, she being the fourth in order of birth. John Mace was a na- tive of Bangor, Maine, born December 9, 1818, and was a carpenter by trade. He removed to Illinois at an early day, and was married in Griggsville township. He worked at his trade up to the time of his death, which occurred in Rockport, October 13, 1863, and his grave was made in the cemetery at New Salem, Pike county. His widow still survives him and yet makes her home in Griggsville. She is now the wife of Isaac Cunningham. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wyatt have been born two sons and two daughters. Phillip A. married Miss Edna Donohoe, August 8, 1894, and after her death wedded Alice B. Shaw, Sep- tember 5, 1901, their home being now in Rock- port. Lucia E. was born August I, 1871, and is with her parents, now teaching the seventh con- secutive term in the Rockport schools. Jessie L., born April 19, 1874, was married August 16, 1896, to Charles L. Gay and they reside five miles northeast of Rockport. Charles A., born No- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 667 vember 26, 1877, was marrkd August 9, 1900, to Zeulah Hoy and resides in Oklahoma. Mr. Wyatt is a stalwart republican in his po- litical views, but has never taken an active part in political affairs or sought office. His life has been devoted to his business affairs, and he is now proprietor of the Wyatt Hotel at Rock- port, which he is capably conducting. It is find- ing favor with the traveling public, and he re- ceives a good patronage. He and his wife have traveled life's journey happily together for many years, and death has never entered their im- mediate household. They are devoted to each other, are faithful in friendship and have great happiness in their grandchildren, now seven in number. JAMES EMERSON. James Emerson, whose farm in Pleasant Vale township is devoted to the cultivation of fruit as well as to the cereals best adapted to soil and climate, is a native of Carroll county, Ohio, born on the 2ist of December, 1836. His parents were Ephraim and Elizabeth (Wallace) Emerson, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Ohio. A farmer by occupation, Ephraim Em- erson became identfied wth agrcultural inter- ests in Pike county in 1838, settling in Pleasant Vale township, where he entered one hundred and sixty acres of land from the government, the tract then being covered with timber. He at once be- gan to clear away the trees and cultivate the fields. In 185 1 he sold forty acres of his land, after which he removed to a farm south of New Canton and still later made his home nearer that city. At the time of his death he was the owner of a good farm of two hundred and forty acres, which was the visible evidence of a life of well directed energy arid thrift, for his prosperity was attributable entirely to his own labors. In politics he was a whig and in later years became a re- publican. For a long period he served as school director; and the cause of education found in him a warm friend. His wife held membership in the Methodist church; and he contributed to its sup- port. His death occurred when he was seventy- two years of age, while Mrs. Emerson passed away at the age of fifty-nine years. In their fam- ily were seven children, but only three are living : James ; Jehu, of Berry ; and Amanda, the wife of Frank Uppenhouse. In his early boyhood days, James Emerson was a common-school student ; and he began life for himself at the age of twenty-two years. He purchased the farm upon which he now resides, and which was then but partially improved. He now owns seventy-five acres of land whereon he follows general farming and stock-raising. This is a fine place on the river bottom, the soil being very rich and productive. The farm is well fenced, and well improved in every particular ; and he has considerable fruit upon his place. The build- ings comprise a comfortable residence, good barns and commodious sheds ; and the latest improved machinery facilitates the work of the fields. In all that he does he is practical, and his labors have been characterized by system as well as by unre- mitting attention to all the details of his business. On the loth oi March, 1859, Mr. Emerson was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Yearlev, who was born in Pleasant Vale township, April 12, 1840, and was a daughter of Orlando and Orinda (Card) Yearley, the former a native of New Hampshire and the latter of Ohio. Both died during the early girlhood of their daughter, Mrs. Emerson. Unto them were born three chil- dren, of whom two are now living. The father's death occurred in 1846. For her second husband Mrs. Emerson's mother married John Yearley, a brother of Orlando, and to them were born three children : Orlando ; Luenna, the wife of Thomas Cochran ; and Clarissa, who is the , widow of B. F. Boyd and resides in Iowa. The grandfa- ther of Mrs. Emerson came to Pike county about 1830, settling in Pleasant Vale township. He was a farmer by occupation and aided in the early progress and improvement of this part of the state. Mrs. Emerson's father was a whig in his political views ; and both he and the mother of Mrs. Emerson were Universalists in religious faith. Unto our subject and his wife have been born three children : Emma, the wife of D. L. Nicholas, who resides near her father; Charles E., PAST AND PRESENT DF PIKE COUNTY. living in St. Louis, Missouri ; and William Henry, at home. ■ Since casting his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln Mr. Emerson has been a stal- wart republican. He is a gentleman of fine per- sonal appearance and he and the other members of the family are of friendly, social natures, en- joying in large measure the good will and kindly regard of all with whom they have been associ- ated. He has always lived the life of a farmer and although the years have been quietly passed, his record is one worthy of commendation and of emulation, for he has been true to his duties of citizenship, has met all of the obligations of busi- ness life and has manifested in his social rela- tons those traits of character which add much to the sum total of human happiness. JOSEPH H. WELLS. Joseph H. Wells, who is engaged in general blacksmithing in Atlas, was born January 28, 1876, in New Canton, Pike county, a son of Archie and Mary Jane Wells. The father, a na- tive of Adams county, Illinois, has followed farm- ing, but is now engaged in selling groceries in and around New Canton ; and he and his wife still make their home in New Canton township. - Joseph H. Wells of this review acquired his preliminary education at Cincinnati Landing, and afterward spent some time in the Spring school in New Canton township. Later he attended the Stony Point district school, and again became a student in the Spring school. He was reared upon his father's farm, and through the periods of vacation his time was largely given to the labor of the fields. He thus followed farming until twenty-one years of age, at which time he began learning the blacksmith's trade at Barry, Illi- nois, under the direction of Jasper Dudley, for whom he worked for about a year. In 1897, at the age of twenty-two years, he engaged in black- smithing for himself at Seaborn, Pike, county, where he continued in the same business for two years. He afterward went to Hull station, near Kinderhook, where he followed his trade for eighteen months, at the end of which time he went to Pike station, wherehe spent two and a half years at blacksmithing. In June, 1 903, he arrived in Atlas and has since conducted a smithy here, meeting with good success in his business. Hard and unremitting labor has brought him a com- fortable living ; and he now has a good patronage because of his excellent work and his straight- forward dealing. On the 19th of May, 1895, Mr. Wells was united in marriage to Miss Hattie May Hart, a daughter of Norman and Sarah J. (Underwood) Hart. Four children have been born of this union, three daughters and a son : Annie, born December 10, 1895 ; George Dewey, born Au- gust I, 1899; Sarah E., who was born December II, 1902, and died at birth, the burial being made in the Shear graveyard at New Canton ; and Mag- gie E., born July 20, 1904. Mrs. Wells' father, Norman Hart, was born in this county, is now deceased and was buried in the Barry cemetery. His widow has since married Francis M. Cory, who resides in Atlas township. Mr. Wells is a member of the Modern Wood- men of America. He has a wide acquaintance in his part of the county, his entire life having been passed within its border ; and, in his home com- munity, is known as one whose diligence and re- liability are unquestioned features in his business career. Moreover, his advancement has come be- cause he has constantly sought it. He started out empty-handed, and with no assistance from influ- ential friends or advantageous circumstances, he has gained a creditable position in industrial circles. CHARLES N. HAINES. Charles N. Haines who is connected with com- mercial pursuits in Rockport as a representative of Haines, Rupert & Company, and who is filling the office of justice of the peace for the second term, was born in this village. May 17, 1870, his parents being Thomas R. and Florence J. (Crenshaw) Haines. The father was a na- tive of Derry township, Pike county, while the mother was born in Summer Hill. Throughout PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 66q his active business career Thomas R. Haines engaged in farming and his death occurred about four miles from Rockport at what was then known as Gilgal in Atlas township, his remains being interred in the Rockport cemetery. Mrs. Haines is still living and now makes her home in Sioux City, Iowa, at the age of fifty-five years. She has marriel again, her second husband being D. W. Rapalee. Charles N. Haines acquired his education in the district schools of Rockport and after putting aside his text-books went to South Dakota, where he was employed upon a farm for four vears. He afterward followed various business pursuits in that state until 1889, at which time he returned to Rockport and accepted a position as salesman in the store of Haines, Rupert & Company, where he has since remained, being one of the most trusted and capable representatives of the house. He has been elected twice to the office of justice of the peace in Atlas township, being first' 'chosen to fill out an unexpired term in April, 1903, as the successor of W. T. Barton. He was- then re-elected on the republican ticket in April,' '1905, and was commissioned on the i8th of April, running ahead of his ticket and defeating W. P. McEwen. His admistration of the office has given eminent satisfaction for he is unbiased in his judg- ment and at all times impartial to those who bring their litigated interests into his courts. As a republican he has been active and energetic in support of the party and is recognized as one of the leading influential and representative young men of Rockport and the western part of Pike county. MICHAEL FISHER. Michael Fisher, well known as a resident of Bee Creek and an enterprising citizen of his part of the county, was bom in Columbus, Ohio, November 18, 1835, his parents being Jacob and Mary (Briggs) Fisher. The former was also a native of Columbus, Ohio, and his father, Michael Fisher, Sr., was one of the pioneer residents of that city, taking up his abode there when it consisted of a few log cabins. The settlers were in constant conflict with the Indians, who resented the encroachments of the white men upon their hunting grounds and were very hostile. It was about this time that Captain Crawford was burned at the stake by the Indians forty miles northeast of Columbus. Michael Fisher emi- grated from Virginia to Ohio, taking with him his slaves, whom he set free in the Buckeye state and all of whom took his name. He remained a resident of Columbus up to the time of his death, which occurred when he was about fifty-five years of age. His wife's people also emigrated from Virginia to Ohio. She bore the maiden name of Miss Petty and her cousin, Fisher Petty, was reared in the family of Michael Fisher. The ancestry of the family can l>e traced back to a still more remote period, Michael Fisher, of this review being a direct descendant of Captain Jacob Fisher, who was a Revolutionar}? soldier and served until the close of the war. He was then commissioned a captain to ferret out the tories and many a one he caught and hung. There was one old tory eighty-five years of age who displayed such bravery that Captain Fisher spared his life. He ordered him to be tied to a rope attached to a horse and pulled through the river. He was baptized in this way four times in an attempt to compel him to acknowledge the independence of the United Colonies of America, but the old man refused to do so. When he was brought out of the river the fourth time he was almost drowned and could not speak. Captain Fisher then said that his life should be spared, but he felt like returning and hanging the man, who as the party of loyal Americans left him gave a faint hurrah for King George and cursed the soldiers for trying to compel him to recognize •the independence of the colonies. This Captain Fisher was the great-grandfather of our subject. His maternal grandparents were George and Mary Briggs, natives of New York. George Briggs was also a Revolutionary soldier and dur- ino- a battle a spent grapeshot came rolling toward him. He stopped it with his foot, picked it up and carried it home and it has since been pre- served in the Fisher family, also a skillet which is over one hundred years old and which was 670 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. once in possession of Mrs. Briggs. It is now in the home of Michael Fisher, of Bee Creek. Mary Briggs died near Columbus, Ohio, in 1850, but no record of the death of George Briggs exists. Jacob Fisher, father of our subject, was born and reared at Columbus, Ohio, his natal year be- ing 1808. After attaining his majority he en- gaged in farming three miles south of Columbus on the Chillicothe turnpike. A cedar tree which he planted on the old homestead of his father when he was eight years of age is still living and there is a pear tree upon the place which is over one hundred years old. A thicket of sas- safras was also set out for the purpose of getting the root, from which to make tea. Persons came for miles to get the sassafras and also to get the herbs to make spice tea. Throughout his entire life Jacob Fisher carried on general agricultural pursuits, and he died in Columbus in 1887, at the age of seventy-nine years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Briggs, was born southwest of Co- lumbus, on Big Run creek. This worthy couple became the parents of thirteen children, of whom Michael Fisher of this review was the fourth in order of birth. The mother died upon the old homestead farm in 1874, at the age of sixty-five years. Michael Fisher pursued his education in the public schools of Columbus, Ohio, and after put- ting aside his text-books assisted his father in farm work until twenty-one years of age. He then began farming on his own account and was thus engaged in Ohio until September 4, 1861, when he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and by boat proceeded to Louisiana, Missouri. From that point he continued his .journey to the home of Fisher Petty and with him went to his uncle's farm in Calhoun county, Illinois. He then worked for his uncle for three months and he afterward engaged in the operation of steam thresher for a short time. Subsequently he was employed by diiTerent farmers until the spring of 1864, when he accepted a position as clerk in the store of John W. Killenberger at Belleview, Illinois, and was also in his branch store in Calhoun county, Illinois, on the Illinois river, remaining there for six months, during which time he was entrusted by his employer with the entire management of the business. Mr. Fisher then married Miss Nancy Wheeler, a daughter of William and Matilda (Battershell) Wheeler, the wedding being celebrated on the 4th of July, 1864. By this union have been born ten children: Molly, born August 23, 1865; Lillie D., born June 17, 1867; Logan A., March 25, 1869; Oscar, August 5, 1871 ; Ida E., November 29, 1873; Arthur A., July 29, 1876; Freeman, March 9, 1879; William M., February 8, 1881 ; Lee, January 3, 1885 ; and Oca, April 24, 1888. Of these Logan A. died at Bee Creek, March 19, 1871, and Arthur A. on the 5th of August, 1880. All were born in Bee Creek with the exception of William M. Fisher, whose birth occurred in the village of Pearl. Mr. Fisher is widely and favorably known throughout Pike county and has ever taken an active and helpful part in interests pertaining to the welfare of the community and state. Throughout his business career he has followed the occupation of farmingandhas found in the du- ties of each day incentive for his best efforts and for close and earnest application. Through this means he has acquired a good property and a capital that now enables him to live retired from further active labor. WILLIAM HUTTON. William Hutton, one of the enterprising farm- ers of Montezuma township, is residing on section 3, where he has a fine property of three hundred acres well improved. He was born in Lancaster- shire, England, February 6, 1833, and is a son of John and Elizabeth Hutton, both of whom were natives of Yorkshire, England. The father carried on farming in that country throughout his entire life, and died in Lancastershire in 1847. Three j^ears later, in 1850, his wife also passed away and was laid to rest by the side of her hus- band in Long Ridge cemetery in Lancastershire. William Hutton spent his early youth in his father's home and attended the public schools. Af- WILLIAM HUTTON PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 673 ter his father's death he started out to earn his own living and was employed in a tannery at Long Ridge until 1852, after which he followed the same business at Preston, Lancastershire, until 1855. Having heard favorable reports concern- ing America and its business opportunities, he re- solved to try his fortune in the new world, and ac- companied by his brother, Thomas, embarked for the United States on the 20 of April, 1855. After landing on the eastern coast of the new world, the brothers made their way to the interior of the country, at length arriving at Montezuma town- ship, Pike county, where they have since re- mained, devoting their time and attention to farm- ing. Mr. Hutton of this review has led a busy and useful life and his efforts have been crowned with success. From time to time he has made judicious investment in property and is now the owner of three hundred acres of very valuable land, which is rich and productive. In fact, his is one of the best improved farms in Pike county, and in the midst stands a fine residence, together with large and substantial barns and other out- buildings for the shelter of grain and stock. He uses the latest improved machinery in the care of the fields and all modern accessories are found upon his place. On the 23d of January, 1872, Mr. Hutton was united in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Clemmons, a daughter of Peter and Mary J. Clemmons. Her maternal grandfather was Henry Grimes, a native of Ireland. He came from County Down, near Belfast, to America when but four 3'ears of age. His first home was in South Carolina and he af- terward removed to Kentucky, whence he finally <:ame to Illinois, settling in White county. He died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Clemmons, and w,as buried in Green Pond cemetery, in Pike county. J. P. Clemmons, father of Mrs. Hutton, was born in Rowan county, North Carolina, and in 1823, when nine years of age, he accompanied his parents on their removal from that state to Illi- nois. Their destination was Pike county, but they did not take up their abode here until about 1825, at which time they settled in Detroit township, where Mr. Clemmons was reared and educated. He afterward took up his abode in Montezuma town- ship, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits up to the time of his death. He passed away on his farm, October 5, 1882, and was buried in the Clemmons cemetery. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary J. Grimes, was born in White county, Illinois, and gave her hand in marriage to Mr. Clemmons at Milton, this state, on the 13th of July, 1842. Her last days were spent in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Hutton, where she passed away on Christmas day of 1895, her renains being interred in the Oemmons cemetery. Jnto Mr. and Mrs. Hutton have been born a son and two daughters. John P. died June 28, 1893, and was buried in the Douglas cemetery near Milton, Illinois. His death occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, while he was learning the business of an engineer on the river boats. His father then went to Vicksburg and brought his remains back to Pike county for interment. Mary E. Hutton, the elder daughter, is now the wife of Fred Parks, of Pike county, and they have one living child, Thomas Virgil. They also lost a daughter, Opal, who died Februarys i, 1899, ^^'^ was buried in the Douglas cemetery. Ellen Hut- ton is the wife of Joseph Denison, and they have three children : Jobn W., Bennie H. and Lyndell J. Denison, all of whom are living. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hutton hold membership in the Chris- tian church, and are people of genuine personal worth, enjoying in a large degree the friendship and kindly regard of those with whom they have been brought in contact. Mr. Hutton has never had occasion to regret his determination to es- tablish his home in the new world, for here he has prospered, finding good business opportunities, which he has improved until he is now one of the successful agriculturists of his community. MARY L. HORTON. Mary L. Horton is one of the most successful business women of Pike county and deserves more than passing mention in this history. She was born upon the old Horton homestead, De- cember 3, i860, and is a daughter of Hobart S. and Octavia L. (Udell) Horton. The father was a native of South Glastonbury, Connecticut, and removed to Atlas township, Pike county, in 1832, 6/4 PAST AND PRESENT OE PIKE COUNTY. with his parents. Captain Horace and Clarissa (Stevens) Horton. Captain Horton was one of nine children born imto Sampson and Lucy (Phelps) Horton, of whom seven were sons and two daughters. All of the sons followed the sea. Stephen Horton, father of Sampson Horton, was a native of England and became the founder of a family in America, emigrating to the United States before the Revolutionary war. He took up his abode in South Glastonbury, Connecticut, and thus established the family in New England. There he spent his remaining days and at his death his grave was made in a cemetery in South Glastonbury. On emigrating westward Captain Horace Horton settled on section I, Atlas town- ship, and engaged in the cultivation of a part of that land up to the time of his death. Both he and his wife were natives of Glastonbury, Con- necticut, where they were reared and married and in early life Captain Horton commanded a merchant vessel, plying between New York city and the West Indies. He was so engaged for many years and was very successful in that line of labor. He served his country as a soldier in the war of 1812 and patriotism was always one of his strong characteristics. Unto Captain Hor- ton and his wife were born three children, name- ly : Henry, Horace Herland and Hobart. Henry was a cripple and never married. He died on the old Horton homestead in Atlas township in 1881 and was buried in the Episcopal cemetery in Pittsfield, Illinois. Horace Herland emigrated from Pike county to Iowa and thence to Califor- nia, spending his last days in Plymouth, that state. He married Sophia Treat and both were buried at Plymouth. They had six children, two sons and four daughters. Mrs. Clarissa Horton, wife of Captain Horace Horton and the mother of the above mentioned sons, died in 1841, and the Captain afterward married Emeline Brooks, by whom he had two children. Homer and Grace Horton, both of whom died in infancy and were laid to rest in the Barr)- cemetery. Captain Hor- ton died in the fall of 1883 in the ninetieth year of his age and his remains were interred in the family lot in the Barry cemetery. Hobart Horton, a son, was a young lad when he came with his parents to Pike county, Illinois, and was here reared to the occupation of farm- ing, which he followed upon the old homestead until about 1880, at which time he removed to Louisiana and engaged in general agricultural pursuits near New Orleans, turning over the home farm in Pike county to his wife, who later joined him in Louisiana and who in turn sold the farm to her daughter. Mr. and ;\Irs. Hobart Horton continued to reside in Louisiana until 1896, when they returned to the old farm home- stead in Pike county and lived with their daugh- ter Mary. The father's death occurred on the i8th of "December, 1902, his remains being in- terred in the Samuel Taylor cemetery near Rock- port. Llis widow still survives and makes her home with her daughter Mary in the seventieth year of her age. Hobart Horton was twice mar- ried, his first union being with Mary Ann Sar- gent, b}' whom he had one child, Hiram S. Hor- ton, who is now living in' Dixon, Illinois. By his second marriage to Octavia L. L^dell there were born eight children, Horace S., Howard, Jo- sephine, Mary L., AVilliam, Frederick, Erank and Benjamin. Of these the living are Josephine, the wife of James C. Gay and a resident of Hor- ton, Illinois, Mary L., William and Benjamin. Howard, Frederick and Frank Horton, who have passed away, were buried in the Samuel Taylor cemetery near Rockport, while Horace Horton, deceased, was laid to rest at Sacramento, Cali- fornia. The Horton homestead, comprising two hundred and seventy acres of finely improved farming land, is known by the name of Split Rock, and is a beautiful place. Mary L. Horton, now owner of this farm, was educated in the local schools of Atlas town- ship and Monticello Seminary at Godfrey, Illinois, after which she pursued a one year's course in the State Normal LTniver- sity at Normal, Illinois. Previous to that time she had engaged in teaching school. Fol- lowing her course in the Monticello Seminary she taught for thirteen years, one year in Atlas, one year in Crozier, one year in the state of Louisi- ana and the remainder of the time at Rockport, Illinois. As before stated, she purchased the home property from her mother and, giving up the work of the school room, she now devotes her PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 675 undivided attention to the supervision of her farming interests. This is a very valuable as well as attractive property and Miss Horton is en- gaged in general farming and stock-raising, mak- ing a specialty of sheep. She has erected a fine home and large, substantial barn upon her place. Her efforts have been crowned with success and she is now enjoying the fruits of well earned- industrv. DE WITT W. GREENE, M. D. ■ Dr. De Witt W. Greene, deceased, was at va- rious times connected with professional, mercantile and manufacturing interests in Barry and his life was of signal usefulness to his fellow townsmen in that he contribtited to the general development and progress of his community. He was born January 18, 1826, and passed away on the 7th of April, 1899, being laid to rest two da}s later with Masonic honors. His parents were James and Mary (Madison) Greene, who came to Pike county in 1837, settling in Hadley township, where the father engaged in general agricultural pursuits up to thetimeof his death, which occurred September 12, 1875. He was born on the loth of July, 1790, and was therefore eighty-five years of age at the time of his demise. He had long survived his first wife, who was born September 29, 1793, and passed away August 26, 1840. They were the parents of five children but only two are now living: DuWane,twin brother of De- witt, now a resident of Missouri ; and Palmedis, who is living in Berlin, New York. The father was again married in Pike county, January 30, 1851, his second wife being Mrs. Mary Gordon, the mother of Mrs. Dewitt W. Greene. Dr. Greene of this review was born in Rens- selaer county, New York, and after completing his early English education took up the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Baker, of Barry, having been brought by his parents to this county in his' early boyhood days. In the winter months he engaged in teaching school and through the summer seasons prosecuted his studies. When he had saved from his earnings a sum sufficient to enable him to enter college he matriculated in the McDowell Medical School at St. Louis, ^'lissouri. Later he located for prac- tice in Barry, where he followed the profession for three }ears, after which he entered upon mercan- tile pursuits ; and was also engaged in the erec- tion of the Barry Woolen Mills, with which he was connected for three years as secre- tary and superintendent. His various busi- ness interests were capably conducted; and he found that his untiring diligence, keen business discerment and enterprise were valuable factors in a successful career. On the 8th of September, 1850, Dr. Greene united in marriage to Miss Caroline Gordon, a native of Indiana, born June 28, 1830, in Wayne county, and a daughter of John and Mary Gordon, who were married in Richmond, Indiana. Her father was a native of Pennsylvania, and her mother of Tennessee. In their family were eight children, of whom Mrs. Greene was the youngest and is the only one now living. Her parents, on coming to Illinois in 1835, settled first in Scott county, but in the spring of 1836 removed to Pike county, locating in Derry township, where Mr. Gordon followed farming until his death. His religious faith was indicated-'by his member- ship in the Christian church, in which he served as an elder and superintendent of the Sunday- school for many years. His wife was an active worker in the same church. Dr. Greene filled the office of township treas- urer for a number of years and was police magis- trate. In public affairs he was deeply and help- fully interested and his co-operation proved a valued factor in promoting the welfare and in- terests of his town and county. He was made a member of Barry lodge. No. 34, A. F. & A. M., March 30, 1855, and acted as its master from 1880 until 1885. He was also the first worthy patron of Pike chapter. No. 20, O. E. S., filling that office for ten years, while his wife served as asso- ciate and in other offices. Dr. Greene was like- wise a charter member of the grand council of Royal and Select Masons organized October 4, 1866, and was a charter member of Barry chapter. No. 88, R. A. M., which was organized October 6 1865. In all life's relations Dr. Greene won the esteem and confidence of those with whom he 676 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was associated and he was richly endowed in those sterling traits of character which win strong friendships. He regarded his self-respect and the esteem of his fellowmen as of infinitely more value than wealth, fame or position and yet at all times he was held in kindly regard, so that his death was the occasion of deep and wide- spread regret when he was called to his final rest. Mrs. Greene still survives her husband and is now living in a beautiful home on Diamond Hill in Barry. SOIJJMON YOKEM. Solomon Yokem, one of Pike county's most prominent farmers and stock-raisers, living on section 35, Atlas township, was born on the old AVilliam Yokem homestead, October 4, 1842, his parents being William and Catharine ( Ferguson) Yokem, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. The father became one of the pioneer residents of Pike county. He left Kentucky in 1816 and was taken to Missouri by his parents, Solomon and Elizabeth (Butler) Yokem. Solomon Yokem was born in Virginia and his wife's birth oc- curred in Kentucky. He was born in Virginia and his wife's birth occurred in Kentucky. He was a blacksmith by trade and after following that pursuit for some years became identified with agricultural interests. The maternal grand- parents of our subject were Henry and Polly (Briscoe) Ferguson, both of whom were natives of Kentucky, the former born November 21, 1794, and the latter on the 4th of December, 1794. They came to Pike county, Illinois, in pioneer times, the father following the occupation of farming until called to his final rest. His wife died in February, 1854, and his death occurred in April, 1854, their remains being interred side by side in Wells graveyard above Pleasant Hill. William Yokem, father of our subject, was born in Kentucky, September 26, 1816, and was therefore an infant when taken by his parents to Pike county, Missouri, coming to Pike county, Illinois, in 1832. He was reared to the occtipa- tion of farming and throughout his entire 'life carried on general agricultural pursuits. He wedded Miss Catharine Ferguson, who was' born October 23, 1818. Her death occurred October ], 1878, her remains being interred in Wells graveyard, and there about eighteen years later the grave of Mr. Yokem was also made, his death occurring on the 19th of October, 1895. Solomon Yokem, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the country schools of his native township and afterward continued his studies in Jacksonville, Illinois. He was reared upon the old homestead farm and in the summer months assisted his father in its development and improvement. After reaching the age of twenty- five years he took charge of all matters pertain- ing to the farm and his father practically retired from business at that time. In the control of his business interests Mr. Yokem has prospered in large measure and from time to time has made judicious investment in real-estate until he is now the owner of about fourteen hundred acres of good farm land, of which six hundred acres is in pasturage. The old home place comprises one hundred and fifty-five acres, and is a well im- proved tract, being equipped with all modern con- veniences and facilities for the capable and suc^ cessful management of farming interests. Mr. Yokem is widely known as an extensive stock- raiser, raising horses, cattle, mules, sheep and hogs, -all of good grades. On the 5th of March, 1902, was celebrated the marriage of Solomon Yokem and Mrs. Margaret (Terry) Neubauer, a daughter of James and Al- zina Catherine (Liggett) Terry. The father was born in Virginia and was a son of a planter of that state. In early life James Terry came to Pike county, settling among the pioneer residents of Barry township. He was a millwright by trade and followed that pursuit for a long period, but for twenty years has lived retired. He and his wife both reside in Barry and have attained a ripe old age. The latter is a daughter of Alex- ander Liggett, one of the old settlers of Pike count}'. In early days here he was a farmer and in later years carried on a drug business at Kin- derhook, Illinois, continuing in that line up to the time of his death. His wife was Margaret (Phil- lips) Liggett, whose father was a pioneer of Pike county and Phillips Landing on the Illinois river PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 677 was named for him. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Yokem have been 'born a son and daughter : WilHam Clay, born August 30, 1903; and Catherine, April 24, 1905. They have a nice home and are sur- rounded by every comfort that goes to make life worth the living and adds to human happiness. Mr. Yokem has prospered in his business under- takings by reason of well directed effort, keen discernment and unfaltering integrity and is to- day classed with the large landowners of the county. JOHN REED. John Reed, owner of one hundred and eight acres of fine land on section 7, Pittsfield town- ship, is classed with the leading and enterprising agriculturists of his community and has made a creditable name in business circles. He is one of the native sons of the county, his birth having occurred in Griggsville township in October, 1864, his parents being Nicholas and Catherine (Raftery) Reed. The father was born in Ire- land and came to America in 1853, settling first on the Illinois river. He afterward removed to Eldara, Illinois, where he resided for a few years and then took up his abode in Griggsville. Later he purchased one hundred and eight acres of land on section 7, Pittsfield township, where his son John now resides, and upon that farm he spent his remaining days. He was energetic and indus- trious, realizing that labor is the basis of all suc- cess, and as the years passed by he accumulated a comfortable competence as the result of his earn- est endeavor. He was called to his final rest in 1899 and is still survived by his wife, who is now residing in Pittsfield. In their family were ten children, eight of whom are yet living. John Reed is indebted to the public-school sys- teem of the county for the early educational privi- leges he enjoyed. He worked by the month as a farm hand for some time in his youth, having gained practical experience concerning the best methods of tilling the fields through the assist- ance which he rendered his father. After being employed for some time in this county he went to the south, where he remained for several years and in 1899 he came into possession of the farm which was formerly owned and occupied by his father. This is a valuable tract of land compris- ing one hundred and eight acres on section 7, Pittsfield township. Here he has a good resi- dence in the rear of which are substantial barns and other necessary outbuildings and these in turn are surrounded by well tilled fields which give promise of golden harvests. He raises stock, making a specialty of cattle, and this branch of his business as well as the cultivation of his fields returns to him a good income. Recently a gas well has been sunk upon his place to the depth of ninety-three feet and there is good pressure. In February, 1890, Mr. Reed was married to Miss Amanda Irick, a daughter of Jacob Irick, who at one time was a wealthy citizen of Pike county and one of its early settlers. He became the owner of twelve hundred acres of fine land here and was regarded as a leading business man and progressive agriculturist. In his family were nine children. He is now deceased, but his wife is still living, maintaining her home in Derry township, Pike county. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Reed have been born the following children : Frank, Katie, Nellie, Nora, Charles Carson, Bessie, John and Joseph. In his political views Mr. Reed is a democrat and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He has served as school di- rector but otherwise has held no office, but is never remiss in his duties of citizenship and co- operates in many measures for the general good. He and his wife are members of the Catholic church and they have a wide acquaintance in Pike countv, many who know them giving to them warm friendship and high personal regard. WILLIS BROWN. AVillis Brown, who since 1877 has resided in Pike countv, was born in Hardin county, Ken- tucky, on the 2d of September, 1827. He ^yas brought by his parents to this state, the family home being established in Atlas township on a 678 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. farm now owned by Charles Dnstin, but which is better known as the old Brown homestead. He is a son of Isaac and Susan (Snodgrass) Brown. The father was born in Virginia and was a planter there. He removed from the Old Domin- ion to Hardin county, Kentucky, where he again conducted a plantation and in the latter state he was married. He lived in Kentucky until there were eight children in the family and he and his wife, with their children, then came to Pike county, Illinois, settling in Atlas township upon what is now the Dustin farm. There he carried on general agricultural pursuits, being identified with the tilling of the soil up to the time of his death, which occurred on the old homestead in 1848, while his wife passed away two years later. Their graves were made on the old home farm. In their family were thirteen children, namely : Maria, Mahala, Squire, Owen, Hardin, John, Willis, James, Isaac, Susan, Jane, Benjamin and Norman W. All are now deceased with the ex- ception of four. Isaac died in infancy and was buried by the side of his parents, where also lie the remains of Hardin and John, while Susan, Mahala and Benjamin were buried in California, and Owen near Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. Willis Brown received but limited educational privileges as the schools of Atlas township were not in very good condition at that day. He was reared on the old homestead and early became familiar with the labors of field and meadow. After his father's death he took entire manage- ment of the farm, for his brothers had learned trades and had left the old homestead. He then conducted the property for about six years, subse- quent to his mother's death, when it was sold to Charles Dustin and the proceeds of the sale were divided among the heirs. Willis Brown then purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, which was covered with forest trees. It was situ- ated on section 25, Atlas township, and here he took up his abode and began to clear and culti- vate the property. He has since made extensive improvements and now has an excellent farm, the fields being rich and productive, so that he annually harvests good crops. In 1874 Mr. Brown was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Worley, a daughter of Elias and Elizabeth Worley, and they have become the parents of eight children, Byron, Meyer, Malinda, Guy, Nettie, Sadie, Charley and Bessie. Of these Charley, Sadie, Bessie and Guy are all now sleep- ing in the Ball Bluff cemetery near Atlas. In 1861 Mr. Brown went to California, where he en- gaged in farm work for two years, returning to Pike county in 1863. In his political affiliation Mr. Brown is a stal- wart republican and has always supported the party. He and his wife still reside upon the home farm in the midst of children and grandchildren. Mr. Brown is a self-made man, owing his success entirely to his own labors and during the years he has wrought earnestly to acquire a competence and provide a good living for his family. WILLIAM J. AND GEORGE P. LONG. There is an old historic home in the town of Atlas, Pike county, that is now owned and occu- pied by two brothers, William J. and George P. Long. It is the oldest house of the county, the date of its erection being 1822. It stands on the lot adjoining that which was the site of the old Pike county courthouse and jail and the property where those public buildings then stood is now owned by the gentlemen whose names introduce this review. The Long home is one of the typi- cal pioneer dwellings owned bv people of consid- erable means. It is peculiarly constructed, the foundation being of rock, while the superstruc- ture stands upon solid white oak logs, twenty inches in thickness. The floor joists are large timbers nearly one foot thick. Everything is in a wonderful state of preservation, the timbers being perfectly solid and showing no appearance of decay. The large, old-fashioned fireplace, in which a log three feet long can be burned, is still in use and adds to the cheeriness of the living room, for no more attractive feature can be found in any home than the open fire. The walls of the house are built of solid white oak logs and are plastered over. The entire finishing on the in- side is of black walnut. In seeing this house one is impressed and surprised by its state of preser- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 679 vation. Improvements have been made until to- day this is a home of which any one might be proud and naoreover it is attractive as an old landmark of the county, having for more than eight decades been a mute witness of changes which have been wrought here. The Long family trace their ancestry back to Henry Long, of County Derry, Ireland, the grandfather of William J. and George P. Long. About 1800 he emigrated to America, going to Baltimore, iMaryland, where, on the 24th of Au- gust, 1809, he was married to a lady of that state. They became the parents of one child, Henry G., who died September 22, 1850, in the old home in Atlas township, his remains being in- terred in the Long cemeter_v near Atlas. The wife and mother died August 11, 1812, in the city of Baltimore, where her remains were interred and on the 5th of August, 1822, Mr. Long wedded Emmeline Green. To them were born eight chil- dren, five sons and three daughters, as follows : Jesse Green Long was born May 14, 1823. Mary E., born October 2, 1824, was married May I, 1849, to David Skilling and at her death was laid to rest in Oakland, California. Kennedy, born March 4, 1826, died at the old Long home in Atlas, February 3, 1885, and was buried in the Adams and Dustin cemetery. Andrew, born January 31, 1828, died at Exeter, Illinois, and was buried there. George H., born December 24, 1829, died July 29, 1901, and was buried in the West cemetery at Pittsfield. Julianna, born January 31, 1832, was married April 5, 1849, to John G. Wheelock and at her death was bur- ied at Payson, Adams county, Illinois. . Emma, born May 24, 1834, became the wife of A. J. Roosa, January 24, 1855, and died the following year, her grave being made at Astoria. Illinois. She left one child, Velpo Roosa. Robert T., born December 3, 1837, died March 24, 1842, and was buried in the Jesse Long graveyard. Kennedy Long, the father of William J. and George P. Long, was a native of Maryland, born in Baltimore, March 14, 1826. He married Phoebe J. Roosa, who was also a native of Mary- land, born June 27, 1832. Their wedding was celebrated October 13, 1852. Kennedy Long had been reared to the occupation of farming and throughout his entire life he carried on agricul- tural pursuits. Becoming a resident, of this county in pioneer days he remained at the old Long homestead and died in the residence which is now occupied by his sons in Atlas, February 3, 1885. His parents had come to Pike county at a very early day and had settled on a farm in Atlas township, four miles from what is now known as the old family homestead. In an active and ener- getic business career Kennedy Long was recog- nized as a progressive and prosperous farmer and at the time of his death had accumulated an es- tate of two hundred and twenty-five acres, of which one hundred and forty-five acres was very rich and productive bottom land, while eighty acres was pasture land. In all of his business dealings he was strictly fair and upright, never taking advantage of the necessities of his fellow- men in any trade transaction, and he enjoyed to the fullest degree the confidence and trust of those with whom he was associated. In politics he was an earnest republican but never aspired to office. There was no man whose death was more de- plored than that of Kennedy Long, for he readily made friends and seldom gave rise to a feeling of enmity and had a host of warm admirers who entertained for him the strongest regard and ven- eration. He passed away February 3, 1885, in the Long residence in Atlas and was laid to rest in the Adams and Dustin cemetery. His wife followed him to the home beyond March 6, 1896, her remains being interred by his side. She was a devout and faithful member of the Congrega- tional church and like her husband departed this life leaving many sorrowing relatives and friends. In their family were five children, all sons : Henry A., born January 21, 1854; William J. and George P., of this review; Leon E., born No- vember 14, 1868; and Phil R., born February 13, 1874. The last named died October i, 1875, ^^'^ Leon E. departed this life January 25, 1876, both being buried in the Adams and Dustin cemetery. William J. Long, the second son of the family, was born in Atlas township, Pike county, July 26, 1855, and acquired his education in the district schools. He was reared upon the old home farm and assisted his father in the work of field and meadow until the time of the father's death, 68o PAST AND PRESENT OF PIK:E COUNTY. when he in connection with his brothers, Henry A. and George P., took charge of and managed the home place. Later WilHam J. and George P. Long purchased their brother's interest and have since largely operated the farm, continuing the partnership to the present time. George P. Long was born in the old historic home in x\tlas, Octo- ber 5, 1865. A part of his education was obtained in Atlas and later he at- tended McCuen College in Louisiana, Mis- souri, for one term. The brothers are whole- souled young men, of good business capacity and enterprise and in the management of their farm- ing interests are meeting with creditable and well-merited success. They are republicans in politics but are without aspiration for political honors or emoluments. The writer can vouch for the hospitality of their pleasant and attractive home, a warm reception being given to stranger and friend alike. They are widely and favorably known throughout Pike county and are prosper- ous agriculturists, who well deserve mention in this history not only by reason of the fact that they are representatives of one of the oldest fam- ilies but also because of their genuine, personal worth. JOHN HULL. Carlisle has said there is no more interesting nor profitable reading than biography, and the truth of this is manifest in the life record of such men as John Hull, men who without special ad- vantages in youth depend upon their own re- sources, mark out their own course in life and per- sistently follow the plans that they have formed until they lead to success. They realize that pros- perity is not the outcome of genius, but results from diligence and clear judgment, from strong purpose and unfaltering industry. These quali- ties have been salient characteristics in the life of John Hull from his early )-outh to the present time and now^ in the evening of his days he is the possessor of large propert)' interests which he has gained entirely through his own labors and moreover his business methods have alwavs been in keeping with principles of unfaltering integ- rity and business honor. Mr. Hull is a native of Canandaigua, New York, was born on the loth of November, 1817, and is a son of Lot and Qiloe (Ross) Hull. His mother was a sister of Colonel Ross, founder of the town of Atlas, Illinois. She was born in Mas- sachusetts, where her mother resided during the period o the Revolutionary war. Lot Hull re- mained a resident of the east until the spring of 1818, when he started for Ohio. He built a boat at the head of the Allegheny river and floated down that stream for some distance. When they were among the Indians they ran the boat on a snag and thus lost nearly everything they had, saving only a few of their possessions, which they afterward sold to the red men for two canoes. They had enough clothing to last them for two years and provisions enough for one year, but when the boat was sunk all was lost. After se- curing the canoes they lashed these together and floated down the river to a settlement. There Mr. Hull secured lumber and built a cabin on the canoes, after which he proceeded with his fam- ily in that manner to Marietta, Ohio. He there sold his boats, which netted him seven dollars and a half. He had a family of six children for whom to provide and, as indicated, was alfnost penniless when he located in Washington county, Ohio. By trade he was a carpenter, but he had lost his tools when his boat was sunk in the Allegheny river. The people of that locality, however, gave him work to do and he was enabled to buy tools on credit, but the confidence reposed in him was not misplaced. He was a man of his word, meet- ing every promise and obligation and no one ever lost anything by placing trust in him or his word. After working for some time he was enabled to make investment in land and purchased two hun- dred and fifty acres, building a barn in order to pay for this property. His children, too, assist- ed by working in different ways in the neigh- borhood. Most of the setttlers in that pioneer community were in limited financial circumstances' and money was somewhat difficult to obtain. j\Ir. Hull would walk nine miles in order to get \vork, would spend the week at carpenter labor MR. AND MRS. JOHN HULL PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 683 and on Saturday night would return home on foot to his family carrying pork and other sup- plies. His little cabin was built of round logs and the structure was only fourteen by sixteen feet, one end of the room being occupied by a large fireplace. As wild game was plentiful it was not difficult for a good shot to furnish meat for the family table. There were many hard- ships, privations and trials to be endured, how- ever, and the Hull family bore their full share of these during the early years of their residence in Ohio. It is almost impossible for the traveler of to-day as he speeds across the country in a pal- ace car to realize the conditions that then exist- ed. The men of the community were obliged to "muster" one day each week. Postage on a let- ter was twenty-five cents and was collected at its destination. On more than one occasion John Hull, of this review, then a young lad, has been put upon a horse with a quarter of mutton (his father having killed a sheep for the purpose) and sent to Marietta, twelve miles away, in order to exchange the meat for money that he might pay postage on a letter that perhaps had laid for some time in the postoffice as the necessary money was not forthcoming. The years, however, brought many changes as the comforts and conveniences of an older civilization were introduced. It was no unusual thing for John Hull to start at mid- night with a load of produce for market that he might reach there by break of day. When feed for stock was scarce young trees were cut down that the cattle might eat the leaves and small branches. The father cleared a part of his land and raised some corn. As indicated, it was necessary that the chil- dren of the household should early provide for their own support and John Hull had little op- portunity for securing an education, but at in- tervals was allowed to attend school, to which he had to walk three miles through the woods, structure supplied with split logs for seats and heated by a large fireplace. The other furnish- ings were also primitive and the methods of in- struction were almost equally so, but he gained some knowledge of reading, writing and arith- metic. When but twelve years of age John Hull worked upon a farm and a part of his duty was 34 the milking of eight cows. His employer allowed him to plant a piece of ground to potatoes for his own use, and he traded his crop for a colt. Later he was enabled to purchase another colt and when he determined to come to the west he gave this team of colts to his father in order to get his consent and pay for his time, for he had not yet attained his majority. The year 1836 wit- nessed his arrival in Illinois. He had made his way by boat to a point on the river, and on ac- count of lack of money he walked thence for sev- eral miles to Atlas, where he arrived in Novem- ber, 1836, when a young man of nineteen years. On the journey he had been accompanied by his half-brother, William R. Wills. His cash capi- tal at that time consisted of but seventy-five cents. After working for a brief period for a brother he went to Florence, where he secured a clerkship in a store and in the spring of 1838 he returned to Atlas, where he raised a crop of corn. Through the succeeding seven years he was employed by the month as a practical engineer in Florence. He spent one year on a dredgeboat and considerable time in a sawmill and there he worked his way up- ward. As he advanced in proficiency he was at length given charge of the engine and became an excellent engineer and machinist. He readily mastered anything that he undertook because of his strong determination and close application, and this has been one of the most effective features in his business career. Another element in his success has been the fact that in early life he re- solved to save one-half of his earnings, and to this course he always adhered. Mr. Hull began farming in 1840. In the early days farm products brought very meagre prices. In 1 841 and 1842 wheat when hauled to the river and sold for twenty-five cents per bushel and dressed pork brought only a dollar and a half per hundred pounds. Mr. Hull has sold for twenty cents per bushel corn which he raised by hand, shelled by hand, and then hauled eleven miles to the mar- ket, receiving his pay in store notes. In this way he got a little extra money. At one time he bought corn delivered at the crib for six cents per bushel when no one else could buy it. He did not think an)rthing- of walking thirty miles to trade or to see his relations and on more than one occasion 684 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. walked from Florence to Atlas. He never gave mortgage on anything in his life on any kind of business, but made it a rule to meet every 'financial obligation promptly. With keen foresight, real- izing the profit that might accrue from invest- ment in real estate, he purchased eighty acres of land from Colonel Ross in the vicinity of Pitts- field, on which he made a payment down of one hundred dollars, the purchase price being three hundred and fift)' dollars. He still owns this tract, which has been the nucleus of his present extensive possessions, for as the years have gone by he has bought more land from time to time until he is now the owner of thirteen hundred acres in Pike county, most of which is very val- uable and productive. Through the long years of an active business career he carried on the work of the fields and also kept considerable stock, being ahvays ready to buy or sell. He has dis- played excellent judgment in making his pur- chases and in disposing of his stock and has been rarely, if ever, at fault in his judgment concern- ing the value of an)- animal. As his financial resources increased he broadened his labors, ex- tending his efforts into other departments of ac- tivity, and from 1858 until 1861 was a partner in a mercantile enterprise in Pittsfield conducted under the firm style of Chapman, Kellogg & Hull. However, he found his operations in land and his farming interests to be more congenial and disposed of his interest in the store, after which he gave undivided attention to agricultural pur- suits until his retirement from farm life. He im- proved his farm, built fences, erected good build- ings and added all modern equipments until his farm property was equal if not superior to any in the county. He raised hogs on an extensive scale, and being a great lover of horses, always kept a number of fine specimens of the noble steed. He continued in his farm work until 1870, when he retired from active business. From 1852 he had been associated with his brother, and after the partnership was formed the latter superintended the farm work, while Mr. Hull, of this review, superintended the business interests of the firm. On the 28th of March, 1843, occurred the mar- riage of Mr. Hull and Miss Elizabeth Roberts, of Illinois. They had ten children, of whom four are living, Mrs. Anna Mathews, the wife of Ross Mathews, of Pittsfield, who is cashier of the Farm- ers' State Bank ; John, living near the county seat ; Mrs. Sarah Jane White, of New Iberia, Lou- isiana, and Mrs. Lucy Green, of Hannibal, Mis- souri. In 1870 Mr. Hull, removed from his farm to Pittsfield, taking up his abode in the magnifi- cent residence now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Alathews. There he lived until the death of his wife in October, 1887, since w.hich time he has boarded, largely spending his winters in the south. For more than a half century Mr. Hull has been a member of Pittsfield lodge, Xo. 190, A. F. & A. M., and is still one of its most honored and valued representatives. In the even- ing of his days he is able to command all of the comforts and luxuries which go to make life worth the living, for steadily he has risen from a very humble position to rank with the wealthy men of Pike county. His record furnishes an example that is indeed worthy of emulation, showing what may be accomplished by firm and unfaltering pur- pose and by untiring effort. He had no assist- ance, but he utilized the gifts of nature and through the development of his latent powers and energies won prosperity. When he started out in life he determined to ask the advice of no man and as he has steadily followed that policy his success has resulted from his own judgment in business affairs. Moreover, his business methods The little "temple of learning" was a small log commended' him to the confidence of all with whom he had relations, and he is no less honored for the splendid qualities of his manhood than for the success that he has achieved. He takes a just pride in being able to say that he has not an en- emy in the world and does not bear enmity to anyone. GEORGE W. STANDLEY. George W. Standley, proprietor of a meat mar- ket at Rockport, was born in Pleasant Vale township, Pike county, September 10, 1850, in the little red house that then stood east of the Perry Davis store in New Canton. His parents were Charles and Juliette (Bowen) PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 685 Standley. The father was a native of Baltimore, Maryland, born on the nth of February, 1823, and throughout the greater part of his life fol- lowed the occupation of farming. His parents were James and Mary J. (Ranney) Standley, who joined a party of five hundred colonists who came westward to Illinois in 1823. They settled in Atlas township. Pike county, near the old William Dustin farm, upon which Charles Stand- ley was reared. He received practical training in the work of the fields under his father's direc- tion and afterward engaged in farm work for Captain Ross and William Dustin when about fifteen years of age. He was in the employ of those gentlemen for several years, after which he removed with his parents to Pleasant Vale township. Pike county, in the year 1833 — the year of the great meteoric shower. At that time James Standley purchased a farm in Pleasant \'ale township and Charles Standley remained upon the old homestead there with his father until his twenty-fifth year. They then sold the Hill farm and purchased one hundred and sixty acres of farm property elsewhere in the same town- ship now known as the John Brammel farm, which he purchased in March, 1849. ^'i T-^5^ James Standley died of cholera and was buried in the Morey graveyard in Pleasant Vale town- ship. He had been married three times, his sec- ond wife, Mrs. Mary J. Standley, being the grandmother of Cieorge Standley of this review. She died prior to her husband's death, passing away in Ohio, where her remains were interred. The maternal grandfather of George W. Stand- ley was Daniel Bowen, who was born in Ver- mont, June 25, 1800, and died in New Canton, Illinois, June 29, 1880. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Strate, was born in Penn- sylvania and gave her hand in marriage to Daniel Bowen in the Keystone state near Detroit. Dan- iel Bowen was a minister of the gospel and for many years engaged in preaching. Accompanied by his wife and ten children, he emigrated west- ward to Pike county, Illinois, with a company of six hundred others under the leadership of James Smith, the Mormon leader. They started from Clayton, Ohio, in 1843, and reached Pike county in the fall of the same year. After a short time they went to Nauvoo in Hancock county, where they had trouble on account of being identified with Brigham Young. Consequently most of the company of six hundred fled to Ardine, Mis- souri, and stopped at a gristmill called the "old well," where they were overtaken by a party of forty masked men who fell upon them during the night and massacred over forty men, women and children, throwing their dead bodies into the well. The remainder of the ill-fated party fled from Ardine to Diamond, Missouri, but were hotly pursued. Five days after reaching Dia- mond the)- built a big platform, intending to hold a meeting for the purpose of considering the course of reaching Salt Lake City. There the company divided, about half agreeing to go with Brigham Young, after which they were known as the Brighamites, while the other half was known as the Smithites. The latter branch had formerly been known as the Latter Day Saints. The Brighamites got away from Diamond but the Smithites were overtaken. Daniel Bowen, one of the prophets, together with nineteen other prophets or officers of the sect, were blindfolded and placed on the platform to be shot but Gov- ernor Boggs rode up and demanded that "not a gun be fired." He then took the bandage from the eyes of Daniel Bowen and said, "You look like an honest man. Now I will give you and your people twenty-four hours to get out of this community and ten days to get out of the state. If you don't you will be killed." They all agreed. Daniel Bowen had loaded up his wagons as had the others but the same night their wagon was burned and the horses and cattle were taken awav by unknown parties. Daniel Bowen and his family of ten children, together with thirty-four other families, were compelled to march single file through the snow and after many hardships and much suffering they reached Quincy, Illinois. There the party broke up and the different fami- lies scattered over the country. Daniel Bowen and his family finally reached New Canton, where he began working at his trade of shoemaking, which he followed until his death in 1880. His wife died two years before and they were buried in the Morey graveyard near New Canton. It was a daughter of this couple who became the 686 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. wife of Charles Standley. Upon the Brammel farm, which he had purchased, Charles Standley continued to engage in farming up to the time of his death. The farm was encumbered by a deed of trust for one hundred and fifty dollars and was sold to Joseph Alkire because the Standley family were unable to agree as to who owned the farm. Charles Standley died in February, 1894, and was laid to rest in the Barry graveyard. He had long survived his wife, who had passed away November 21, 1869, and was buried in the Morey graveyard near New Canton. George W. Standley pursued his early educa- tion in the Brewster schoolhouse in Pleasant Vale township southeast of New Canton. He was reared to farm life, working in the fields from the time of early spring planting until crops were harvested in the late autumn. He continued to engage in farm work until 1903, when he turned his attention to his present business, opening a meat market in Rockport. He had carried on general agricultural pursuits on his own account in Pleasant ^'ale and Atlas townships, having ceased to work for others in 1872, when he began operating a farm for himself. He prospered in his undertakings and since opening his meat mar- ket in 1903 has met with good success in this business. He owns his shop property and also has a nice residence in Rockport. On the 14th of March, 1869, Mr. Standley was united in marriage to Miss Cornelia E. Black- ledge, a daughter of John and Jemima (Baugh- man) Blackledge, who were natives of Ohio, in which state they were reared and married. They came to Pike county, November 15, 1847, "ind i" 1854 Mr. Blackledge went to California, remain- ing on the Pacific coast until 1878, when he re- turned to New Canton, Illinois. After remain- ing here for three months with Mr. Standlev he went to Montana, since which time no news has been heard of him. Mrs. Blackledge, now R'Irs. Smith, makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Standley. Unto our subject and his wife have been born three children : Ninett, born December 26, 1869, in Pleasant Vale township, died Febru- ary 2, 1870, in the same township and was buried in the Morey graveyard. Luetta, born March 11, 1873, '" Pleasant A'ale township, near New Can- ton, died in May, 1876. Cornelia I., born No- vember 30, 1883, in Rockport, died there August 23, 1900, and was buried in the Taylor grave- yard near the village. In his political views Mr. Standley is an earn- est republican and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He beHeves firmly in the principles of the party and rejoices in its success. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Modern Wood- men camp and his well directed efforts have made him a self-made man worthy of all praise which that term implies. He started out on his own account when a young lad, empty-handed and worked as a farm hand for a long period but when possible he engaged in farming on his own account and as the years passed by so directed his labors that his efl^orts have been crowned with a goodly measure of success and he is now con- ducting a profitable business in Rockport. ISAAC T. WEBB. Isaac T. Webb, proprietor of a hotel and livery barn at Rockport, has made a creditable business record bv reason of the methods he has followed and the success he has achieved. A native of Pennsylvania, he was born in Huntingdon county, about three miles from the city of Huntingdon, on the 6th of October, 1835, his parents being Elisha and Polly (Faulkner) Webb. They were natives of New Jersey, in which state they were married, removing thence to Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, where the father followed the weaver's trade. He died in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, at the age of sixt_v-five years and was there laid to rest, his wife following him to the grave ten years later when seventy years of age. Isaac T. Webb acquired his education in the countrv schools of his native county and was reared upon his father's farm, where he remained assisting in the work of cultivation and improve- ment there until his eighteenth year. He then went to Sandusky, Ohio, and afterward to the farm of his unck, Henry Webb, working for him for PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 687 two years. He then went to Mahoney county, Ohio, where he worked on the farm of his brother-in-law, David Kearns, for two years or until 1887. In that year he took up his abode in Griggsville, Pike county, Illinois, living with his widowed sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Likely, and for two years worked by the month at farm labor. He next went to Sangamon county, Illinois, where he rented and cultivated a farm until August, 1862. In the meantime he had married Miss Hester Stagg on the 2Sth of October, 1859, '' daughter of Elijah and Rebecca Stagg. She died in 1863, when her husband was fighting for the Union cause and their only child died at birth. Mr. Webb enlisted in .August, 1862, as a member of Company I, Thirty-third Illinois \'olunteer Infantry, under Captain W. W. Law- ton for three years' service, and was mustered in August, 1862. He was sent with his regiment to Springfield and on to Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri. He afterward did duty at Pilot Knob .and at Frederickstown, where thev met the enemy in a skirmish. Afterward the regiment returned to Pilot Knob, wdiere they remained through the winter and in the spring went down the Mississippi river until they reached Helena, Arkansas. Later they proceeded to Vicksburg, ^lississippi, and on to Magnolia Hill, where a fierce battle occurred. Mr. Webb was ne.xt engaged in the battle of Bbck River, ^Mississippi, and later he participated in the siege of Vicksburg, where the company lost heavily. After the capture of Vicksburg Mr. Webb was taken ill and sent to Quincy, Illinois, where he arrived August 24, 1863, and he distinctly re- members seeing the phenomenal spectacle of a heavy frost on the ground on that date. He was ill there for three months, after which he was or- dered to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he spent one month. His three years' term of service having expired, he veteranized and re-enlisted in the same company and regiment, after which he was ordered to Bloomington, Illinois, on a veteran's furlough. When his period of vacation had passed he went to Irvington, Missouri, thence to St. Genevieve in the same state and afterward to Mobile, Alabama, where a skirmish ensued. The next military movement took him to Mont- gomery, Alabama, and afterward to Meridian, Mississippi. At Springfield, Illinois, he was mus- tered out, and was finally discharged at Vicks- burg on the 24th of November, 1865. He had been a true and faithful soldier, never faltering in his allegiance to the Union cause and on va- rious battle-fields he did active service in defense of the stars and stripes. When the war was over and the country no longer needed his aid Mr. Webb returned to Griggsville, Pike county, where he rented a farm, upon which he lived for eighteen years. He was married again in January, 1866, his second union being with Sarah J. Cohenour. By this marriage there were three children, Ida M., Alice and Daniel L. Webb, all yet living. The elder daughter is the wife of Percy Saunders, a resi- dent of Griggsville, while Alice is the wife of George Temple, of Texas, and Daniel L. is mar- ried and resides at Quincy, Illinois. After se- curing a legal separation from his second wife ]Mr. Webb was married April 29, 1890, to Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, a daughter of Stewart and Susan (Beard) Marshall. Pier father was a native of Kentucky and a tailor by trade. He came with his famih' to Illinois in 1844, settling in Barry, and afterward removed to Trenton, Missouri, later retiumed to Barry, and thence went to Pittsfiekl, v.Iiere he died on Alriy 12. 1 87 1, at the age of seventy years. His wife died in Rockport at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Webb, October 16, 1895, at the very advanced age of eighty-four years, and her grave was made by the side of her husband's in West cemetery at Pittsfield. Mrs. Webb first married Russell R. Johnson, on the 22d of July, 1855, and by this union were two children : Eliza A., the wife of S. M. Jones, a resident of Fort Collins, Colorado; and Annetta Johnson, who died at the age of four years and was buried in the West cemetery. Mr.Johnson was a farmer up to the time of his death, which occurred September 22, 1882, his remains also being placed in the West cemetery. For twelve years Mr. Webb carried the United States mail over the Star route between Rock- port and Pittsfield. He and his wife are an ideal old couple, who have traveled life's journey ()88 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. happily together for fifteen years, and both are held in high esteem in the community where they reside. Mr. Webb is now directing his energies to the conduct of a hotel and livery business in Rock- port and is a popular landlord, gaining many friends among his patrons. XOLAX M. CLEMMONS. Nolan M. Clemmons, secretary of Jones Com- mercial College, at St. Louis, Missouri, and prin- cipal of its department of shorthand and type- writing, is one of Pike county's native sons, who has made a creditable record since starting out in life on his own account. He was born in Monte- zuma on the 20th of October, 1873, and is a son of Seldon P. and Mary J. (Armstrong) Clem- mons. The ancestral history of the family can be traced back in direct line to the time of Crom- well. Gregory Clemmons, the paternal ancestor, was the owner of a large estate in Htmtingdon- shire, England, and was one of the members of parliament who signed the death warrant of Charles I. Under the protectorate, Cromwell, he was appointed minister to Spain and in Cordova married a Spanish lady. Later he was con- demned as a regicide and his estate was confis- cated. His brothers afterward fled to America with his widow and children and settled in Vir- ginia, whence branches of the name have gone to all parts of the U"nited States. Seldon P. Clemmons, father of our subject, was for more than a decade connected with the business life of Milton, Illinois, being one of the first merchants of the town and built there the first brick store. He was also identified for some time with river steamboat navigation and was the owner of the steamer Gem, plying between Peoria and St. Louis. He has for some time been leading a retired life and in 1904 he was stricken with paralysis, since \\hich time he has been a confirmed invalid. Nolan M. Clemmons acquired his early educa- tion in the common schools of his native county. In his sixteenth year he successfulh' passed the teachers' examination given bv the county super- intendent of schools, entitling him to a first- grade certificate, after pursuing the normal-school course. A short time subsequently he entered the Jones Commercial College at St. Louis, Missouri, where by hard study and close application he was within a comparatively brief period prepared to enter the business world. Accordingly we next find him connected with the Hargardine, McKit- trick Dry Goods Company, one of the prominent commercial houses of St. Louis, which he entered as a stenographer, but his connection therewith was brief, owing to the fact that he was recalled to the Jones Commercial College to act as one of its teachers and is now secretary of the school and principal of its department of shorthand and typewriting. He is considered an expert in his line and has become familiar with various sys- tems of stenography in use throtighout the world. The success of this department of the school is attributable entirely to his efforts and he has sys- temized the work and placed it upon a basis so that splendid results are obtained and the stu- dents of the school find themselves well equipped for the practical duties which come as they enter actual business life. On the 27th of June, 1905, at Alaplewood, Mis- sotn-i, ^Ir. Clemmons was united in marriage to Aliss Marie M. LThrig, a daughter of Stephen and ^larv .V. LHirig, the former now deceased. Mr. and ^Irs. Clemmons have many warm friends, being prominent and popular in the social circles in which they move. He has made thus early his mark in life and it is safe to predict for him an even more successful future. BARNEY MILLER. Barney Miller, manager of the Hull Elevator Company, is one of Pike county's most prominent and substantial business men who for more than thirt^' vears has been a representative of commer- cial and agricultural interests in Hull. There may be found in almost all American communi- ties quiet, retired men who never ask public of- fice or seek prominence in public affairs, yet who nevertheless exert a widely felt influence in the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. community in which they live and thereby help to construct the proper foundation upon which the social and political world is built. Such a man is Barney Miller, whose energy and activity have been a strong directing force in promoting gen- eral prosperity and improvement in his adopted county as well as in winning success in his indi- vidual affairs. A native of Germany Mr. Miller came to America when but four years of age with his parents. They were nine weeks and two days upon the ocean, landing at New Orleans, whence they made their way northward to Adams county, Illinois. Later they took up their abode in the city of Quincy, where the father's death occurred. He dealt tp some extent in real estate. The son ' was reared under the parental roof and acquired a public-school education. Throughout his entire life he has been connected with the grain and stock business and when twenty-eight years of age he came to Pike county, where he has since made his home. It was in ^March, 1875, that he embarked in merchandising and also in the grain business at Hull but later he retired from the former line and concentrated all his energies upon the stock and grain business, in which he still continues. He is dealing cjuite extensively in live stock at Piano under the firm name of B. Miller & Cqmpany. He has a fine place there, located eight blocks from the depot where he buys and sells stock on an extensive scale, deal- ing principally in cattle and hogs. Thirty-five acres of land are divided into feed lots and stockyards, and he is recognized as one of the most prominent and capable stock-buyers of this part of the state, his judgment being seldom if ever at fault regard- ing the value of farm animals. In 1879 he built an elevator at Hull but soon found that its capac- ity was not great enough and he erected a larger one. In 1904 he organized a company and now controls the grain trade at this point. In 1879 he had over one hundred thousand bushels of grain piled up at Hull and he handled more grain in that year than any other man in Pike county. The elevator has a capacity of twenty-five thou- sand bushels and he has constantly maintained his place in the foremost ranks of the grain and stock buyers of the county, his business bringing him a substantial return and at the same time furnishing an excellent market to the farmers of the county. Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Alta Gerdes, who was born in Germany and it is quite a coincidence that Mr. Miller was a twin and his wife also. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Miller have been born ten children but seven have passed away and were buried in the cemetery at Quincy, Illinois. Those still living are : Christopher, a farmer residing in Kansas, where he cultivates one hundred and sixty acres of land owned by his father ; Willie, who is associated with his father in the grain trade at Hull ; and Sena, at home. The sons are graduates of the high school at Hull and the daughter is a graduate of the Quincy Business College. Mr. Miller votes with the republican party but is without aspiration for office. He is recog- nized as a thoroughly reliable business man, is quick of comprehension and intricate business af- fairs he understands readily. His good qualities have made him well liked and he is justly ac- counted one of the representative citizens of Hull and Kinderhook township. WILLIAM D, MILLER, A^'illiam D. i\Iiller, postmaster of Rockport and a representative of farming interests, was born in Atlas township. Pike county, on the 4th of July, 1857, his parents being John and Ann Eliza (Parker) Miller, The father was a native of Kentucky and his wife was of English parentage. He came to Pike county prior to 1832 and was one of the earliest settlers on Dutch Mill creek. There he purchased a farm of one hundred and six acres from Thomas Gafney, constituting a part of the old Miller homestead. He afterward increased his purchase to two hundred and fifty acres nov^' owned by his son William. In his la- bors as an a.griculturist he was enterprising and progressive and as the years passed he trans- formed his fields into a valuable property. He was married on the old Parker farm near the town 690 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of Atlas in Pike county to Miss Ann Eliza Park- er and unto them were born nine children, of whom William D. was the second in order of birth. The father died on the old Miller farm, August 28, 1872, and was buried in the Petty cemetery, a mile south of Rockport. The mother also died upon the old family homestead, passing away in 1877, at which time her remains were interred by the side of her husband in the Elijah Petty cemetery, WilUam D. Miller is indebted to the public- school system of his native township for the early educational privileges which he enjoyed and which were supplemented by a course of study in Rockport. He early became familiar with the duties and labors of farm life, taking his place in the fields almost as soon as old enough to reach the plow handles. After leaving school, he con- tinued to assist his father in the farm duties up to the time of the latter's death. However, in 1865 he and his father crossed the plains with one of the old-time ''prairie schooners" drawn by an ox-team. They started from the Miller homestead intending to g'o to California in the interest of Mr. Miller's health but when near Denver, Colorado, they became discouraged, turned back atid retraced their route to the old home farm. ( )n again reaching Pike count\- Air. ^Miller r.csunied the work of the fields and con- tinued as his father's assistant until the latter's death, after which he took charge of the farm, Avhich he has since operated. It comprises two hundred and fift}- acres of rich and arable land and the farm is now well improved. Mr. Miller has been married twice. He iirst wedded ]\Iiss Ella Correll, a daughter of Foster and Susan Correll. His wife died December 7, 1898, on the old Miller homestead and was laid to rest in the Summer H^ill cemetery. On the i6th of .\pril, 1905, Mr. Miller wedded Mary Owsley, a daughter of William and Nancy Ows- ley. Her father owned and cultivated a farm in Atlas township, continuing the improvement of the property up to the time of his death, and his wife still lives upon the old homestead there. Mr. Miller was appointed postmaster of Rock- port on the 26th of October. 1901, by President McKinley and has occupied the office continu- ously since. In politics he is an uncompromising republican and has always been steadfast to the principles of the party and devoted to its inter- ests in his native county and state. He has occu- pied several minor township offices, the duties of which he has capably discharged. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, the Order of the Eastern Star and the Modern Woodmen camp, and has many friends in these organizations, for the}^ recognize his fidelity to the commendable principles which constitute the basic elements of the fraternities. He is widely and favorably known in the western part of Pike county, where almost his entire life has been passed, and he has been a witness of many changes that have oc- curred here as pioneer conditions have been re- placed b}' the evidences of an advanced and mod- em civilization. MRS. NANCY HANKS. Mrs. Nancv Hanks, residing in Pearl town- ship, is the widow of Joshua Hanks and a rela- tive of the immortal Lincoln. She was born April 17, 1832, in Clermont county, Ohio, and was a daughter of William and Lucinda (Cammerer) ]\ Tiller, Her father was born in Kentucky, No- vember 13, 1802, and engaged in farming throughout his entire life. He removed from Ohio to Illinois when his daughter Nancy was only three years of age and took up his abode in Greene county, where he resided for a year. On the expiration of that period he located on Pearl Prairie, now Old Pearl, where he contin- ued farming and there his death occurred April 31, 1885. The paternal grandfather, Martin IMiller, was a Revolutionary soldier, joining the American army in the cause of independence when quite young. He afterward served in the war of 181 2. Both he and his wife were laid to rest in the cemetery at Old Pearl. Mrs. Hanks, having been brought to Illinois in her early girlhood days, acquired her educa- tion in the district schools near her father's home and was trained to the duties of the household, remaining under the parental roof until twenty PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 691 years of age, when on the i8th of November, 1852, she gave her hand in marriage to Joshua Hanks. He was a relative of the martyred pres- ident, Abraham Lincohi. His parents were Da- vid and Phoebe Ann Hanks, who resided in Pear! township, Pike county. The father was twice married and both wives died in Greene county, Illinois. In advanced years Mr. Hanks removed to Indiana and lived with his son until his death, which occurred at an advanced age. Joshua Hanks passed away on the 9th of April, 1869, upon the old homestead farm where his widow now resides with her daughter, Malissa E., who bears a striking resemblance to Abraham Lincoln. The Hanks and Lincoln families removed from Virginia to Kentucky about the same time and, as is well known, the mother of the martyred president bore the maiden name of Nancy Hanks. L'nto Mr. and Mrs. Hanks of this review have been born six children: William D., Martin, A. Douglas, Lucinda A., Arminta, Malissa E, and ]\Iary A, Hanks. Of these William D. and Mary A, are deceased, the former having passed awav February 13, 1895, and the latter on the 20th of August, 1868, During the jDcriod of his residence in Illinois, Joshua Hanks followed the occupation of farm- ing and became the owner of a good home prop- erty, which he left to his widow, who still resides upon the farm. She has now passed the seventy- third milestone on life's journey and is a most estimable lady, who has a large circle of warm friends in this county. BENTON B. DUNN, M. D. Dr. Benton B. Dunn, successfully practicing medicine and surgery in Perry and Pike county, was born March 16, 1866, in the village where he yet makes his home; and his life record is in contradiction to the old adage that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, for in the place of his birth he has so directed his efforts as to win prominence and success as a leading representative of the medical fraternity. His parents are Dr. Harvey and Abigail (Rob- erts) Dunn. The father was born in Geauga county, Ohio, April i, 1834, and came of Irish lineage, although the family was established in America at an early day, Harvey Dunn, Sr., fa- ther of Dr. Harvey Dunn, being a native of New York. It was at a period antedating the Revolu- tion that the first representatives of the name in the new world took up their abode in Provi- dence, Rhode Island, and following the establish- ment of independence the family home was made in New York. Harvey Dunn, Sr., however, was largely reared in Indiana, and after attaining his majority made his home in Ohio, where he followed carpenter- ing. In 1837 he became a resident of Meredosia, Morgan county, Illinois, and while there took a contract to build the grade for what is now known as the Wabash Railroad, his work covering the distance between Meredosia and the bluffs. In 1840 he cast in his lot with the pioneer residents of Pike county, and embarked in general merchan- dising at Chambersburg, while later he sold his store and turned -his attention to farming in Cham- bersburg township, giving his time and energies to agricultural pursuits until his death, which oc- ciu'red when he was sixty-two years of age. He was a prominent and influential citizen, and was a. member of the constitutional convention of 1847, to which he was elected on the democratic ticket. He belonged to the Methodist Episcopal church, as did his wife, who bore the maiden name name of rVngeline Milligan. She was born in Massachusetts, and was descended from Puritan ancestry. In early womanhood she went with her parents to Ohio, and there gave her hand in mar- riage to Harvey Dunn, Sr. Dr. Harvey Dunn pursued his literary educa- tion in McKendree College, and while studying medicine also engaged in teaching. He pursued his preliminary reading under the direction of Dr. Carey, at one time a leading physician of Perry and, entering Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, he was graduated in 1856. Subse- quently he became a student in St, Louis Medical College, and is numbered among its alumni of 1867. For years he occupied a prominent posi- tion as a representative of the medical fraternity of Pike county, locating for practice in Perry in 0(J2 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 1856. A liberal patronage was accorded him, and from i860 until 1885 he also conducted a drug store. He is now in very poor health, having sacrificed his own health to that of his patients. He has done much charity work in his profession for the poor, never making a charge to those who could not afford to pay, and never hesitating to give his service to those who were in need of pro- fessional aid. Upon the request of the citizens of Pittsfield he removed to the county seat to become the successor of Dr. Ledlie, remaining there until 1897, when, because of failing health, he returned to Perry. In the early pioneer days he would frequently swim the creeks in order to visit a patient ; and he underwent many personal hard- ships in order to alleviate the suffering of his fellowmen. He was made a member of Perrv lodge, A. F. & A. M., on the ist of September, 1855, ''"'^1 's still affiliated with the organization. He belongs to the ]\Iethodist Episcopal church, and is an honorary memljer of its official board. In politics he is a stalwart republican. Dr. Dunn was married Januar\- 12, 1859, to Miss Lucinda [Matthews, who was a graduate of the Jacksonville Female College. She died, however, on the 2d of December of the same year, and on the 12th of December, 1861, Dr. Dunn was married to Miss Abigail Roberts, whose birth occurred in Barry, Pike county, April 8, 1838. By this mar- riage have been born seven children : Nellie,- the wife of Frank D. Whitaker, of Perry ; Frede- rick, who married Delia Bringhurst and is living in Springville, Utah; Charles H., who married Annie Boers and is living in Peoria; Benton B. ; ^lary, the wife of R. Shoemaker, of Perry; Aileen, living at home; and JMartha J., the wife of Cideon Armentrout. Dr. Benton B. Dunn was a public-school stu- dent, and after acquiring a good education in that manner he devoted four }-ears to the mas- tery of the principles of medicine and surgerv as a student in Rush Medical College of Chi- cago. Fie was graduated therefrom in the class of 1891, and practiced with his father until the latter's health failed, and for the last two years has been alone in business. He is well equipped for his chosen life work, having broad and com- prehensive knowledge of the great underlying principles which tend to promote man's efficiency in alleviating human suffering. A liberal patron- age is accorded him, and in addition he is medi- cal examiner for various life insurance companies at Perry. He belongs to the Pike County Medical Society and the American Medical Association, and he is deeply interested in all that tends to bring to man the ke}' to that complex mystery which we call life. His reading has been broad and varied, and he has ever maintained a high standard of professional ethics. Dr. Dunn was married, October 5, 1892, to Miss Bertha Clark, who was born August 2, 1869, and is a daughter of Job and Hester Clark. She is a member of the Presbyterian church. Dr. Dunn belongs to Perry lodge. No. 95, A. F. & A. ]M., and also to Perry chapter, R. A. M. He was a delegate to the grand chapter, which held its meeting in Chicago ; and he likewise belongs to Principle lodge, N6. 76, I. O. O. F., and to the Modern Woodmen camp. He is a worth}^ suc- cessor of his father, who for many years was classed with the leading and prominent physicians of the count}'. Ambitious, resolute and purpose- ful, he has thoroughly equipped himself for his cli(;;en life work, and in his practice ii continuallv demonstrating his ability to cope with the intri- cate probleins that continually confront the physician. DAMD FRANK. David Frank, one of the prominent fanners and stock-raisers of Bedford, represents an early famil}- of this county, his parents having located in this localit}- during the pioneer epoch in the history of this section of the state. }\Ir. Frank was born on the old farm homestead in Monte- zuma township, January 18, 1858. and is a son Levi J. and Sarah A. ( Boyer) Frank. His paternal grandparents were Joseph and Reca (Freitlander) Frank, both natives of Hamburg, Germany, in which country they were reared and married. Crossing the Atlantic to the United States they became residents of South Carolina ; and the grandfather died in Charleston, that state, of vellow fever. His wife afterward came to PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 693 Illinois, spending her last days in Carrollton. The maternal grandparents were John A. and Cath- erine Boyer, both of American birth, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Ohio. They were married in Greene county, Illinois, where Mr. Boyer followed the shoemaker's trade. His wife died in that county and was buried in Calvin cemetery, while John A. Boyer departed this life in Pike county, and was laid to rest in Bedford cemetery. Levi Frank, father of our subject, was a na- tive of Plamburg, Germany, born on the 19th of January, 1825, and at an early age he accom- panied his parents on their emigration to America. He went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he re- mained for several years and then came to Pike county, settling in Griggsville, where he was em- ployed as a clerk in a mercantile store for about two years. On the expiration of that period he removed to Winchester, Scott county, where he was also employed as a salesman for a short time, and later he accepted a similar position in Carrollton, Illinois, where he remained for several years. He next went to Callaway, Missouri, where he was engaged in clerking up to the time of his enlistment for service in the Mexican war in 1846. He served until the close of hostilities, acting as bugler in Company H, First Regiment of Missouri ]\Iounted Volunteers. He was mus- tered out of service and discharged at Chihuahua, Mexico, in 1847, after which he returned to Mll- lersburg, Callaway county, Missouri. There on the 27th of December, 1847, he ^'v^s married to Miss Sarah A. Boyer, a daughter of John A. and Catherine (Calvin) Boyer. Lie later engaged in merchandising and in the grain business, in which he successfully continued until 1872, when he dis- posed of his store and gave his undivided atten- tion to the grain trade up to the time of his death. He had been connected in his mercantile interests with Charles E. Bolin and W. E. Butler, who or- ganized the Exchange Bank of Milton ; and in this institution Mr. Frank continued a partner up to the time of his death, which occurred in Bed- ford, on the 2d of September, 1898. He was laid to rest in the Smith cemetery north of Mil- ton. His wife is now living with Mr. and Mrs. Frank at the advanced age of eighty-one years. Mr. Frank was a prominent and influential citi- zen of the county for a long period and contrib- uted in substantial measure to its commercial and business prosperity. He enjoyed the respect and confidence of his contemporaries in business life and through well directed efforts won a credit- able measure of prosperity. Unto him and his wife were born six children: Latilla M., born December 6, 1848; Adolphus, who was born May 14, 1851, and died in infancy, his remains being interred in Calvin cemetery, Greene county, Illi- nois; Izora J., wdio was bom January 2, 1853; Meneta B., born January 24, 1856; David, born January 8, 1858; and Laura S., born December 16, i860. David Frank" was educated in the public schools of Bedford, and entering business life was as- sociated with his father up to his thirty-first year. He is now devoting his energies to agricultural pursuits and stock-raising, and in the control of his business affairs displa)-s keen sagacity, quick discernment and a thorough understanding of business problems. Moreover his methods are honorable and his entire business career has been actuated b)' principles which are worthy of emula- tion, and which have proven resultant factors in winning him a creditable measure of success. yir. Frank was united in marriage April 21, 1889, to Miss Elizabeth A. Lytle, a daughter of Thomas C. and Eliza Lytle. By this marriage have been born two children : Lloyd, whose birth occurred Februar\- 17, 1890; and Gladys, born Mav 8, 1893. Both were born in Bedford, where Mr. and Mrs. Frank have a pleasant and attrac- tive home, which is the center of a cultured so- ciety circle. WILLIAM RUPERT. Wililam Rupert, a representative of industrial interests in Rockport, where he is engaged in blacksmithing, was bom in Pennsylvania on the 5th of March, 1827. He was reared upon the farm of his parents, David and Martha (Lynch) Rupert. The father was a blacksmith by trade and removed from Pennsylvania to Ohio, settling in Medina county, when his son William was but 694 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. six years of age. There he remained for eight years, during which time he carried on black- smithing. On the expiration of that period the entire family came to Pike county, Illinois, where David Rupert continued to work at his trade until his death, which occurred when he was sixty-four years of age, his remains being then interred in the cemetery at Rockport. His wife survived him for about two years, passing away at the age of sixty-six years. William Rupert of this review is numbered among the early settlers of Pike county, where he arrived in the early '40s. He has lived continu- ously in Rockport for sixty years ; and, having learned the blacksmith's trade under his father, he has since followed that pursuit with the ex- ception of a period of three years, which he spent in California. He went to the Pacific coast in the fall of 1850, attracted by the discovery of gold in the far west, hoping that he might realize a fortune, as others were doing, in the mines ; but his hopes were not destined for fulfillment in that direction, and he returned in 1853, a wiser, if not a richer man. Mr. Rupert had been married in 1848 to Miss Phila Coble, and unto them were born five chil- dren, four sons and a daughter, namely : William, Harry, Orlando, Edgar and a daughter, who died at birth unnamed. All of the children are de- ceased and were laid to rest in Rockport cerae- ter}'. Willi^.m died at the age of fort}'-two \-cars, Harry died at the age of eighteen, Orlando when two 3'ears of age and Edgar when a babe of a year and a half. The wife and mother died in Rock- port, and was laid to rest by the side of her chil- dren. In 1866 Mr. Rupert was again married, his ^'L'Cond ur_ion bting with Elvira Chanev, wlio is still living, and they are residing in a pleasant home in Rockport. Politically Mr. Rupert has always been a re- publican, interested in the growth and success of his party, yet without aspiration for office, as he has preferred to give his time and attention to his business interests. Although he is now well advanced in years, he still follows his trade to some extent, and he has found in that work op- portunity for the acquirement of a comfortable competence. He has lived an honest, upright life and few men are more widely or more favorably known in Rockport and the surrounding country than is William Rupert. WILLIAM H. WALKER. William H. Walker, living on section i. Atlas township, was born January 31, 1853, in Brown county, Ohio, and with his parents came to Pike county, Illinois, when but two and a half years of age. He is a ' son of Wilson and Margaret (Arthur) Walker, the former a native of Ken- tucky, and the latter of Ohio. The father fol- lowed the occupation of farming in his native state, and also in Pike county, continuing to repre- sent agricultural interests here up to the time of his death. His wife departed this life in August, 1895, and was buried in Prairie Mound cemetery, in Martinsburg township. He survived until March 10, 1905, when his grave was made by hers in the Prairie Mound cemetery. The fam- ily on coming to Pike county located on a farm of ninety acres on section 11, Atlas township. It was upon that place that William H. Walker was reared ; and his education was largely ac- quired in the West Point district school, in Atlas township. During the periods of vacation he as- sisted in the labors of the fields, and early became familiar with the practical methods of tilling the soil and gathering the crops. He remained at home until twenty-one years of age, when he rented a farm and began work on his own ac- count in Atlas township, cultivating that property for about two years. AVhen twenty-three years of age, he purchased forty acres of land on sec- tion 12, Atlas township, tilling the soil for about three years, and then bought another tract of thirty acres in the same township. This, added to the forty acres which he had purchased on sec- tion 12 and forty acres also on section 12, Atlas township, which was deeded to him by his fa- ther, constitutes a good property, upon which he has made excellent improvements. The occu- pation to which he was reared he lias made his life work, and his efforts have been attended with a gratifying measure of success. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 695 On the 20th of August, 1878, Mr. \\'alker was united in marriage to Miss Theodosia Moore, a daughter of J. C. and Rachael Moore. Unto this union was born one son, Emmett Wallcer, whose birth occurred December i, 1884, upon the old homestead farm in Atlas township. He attended the West Point district school, and continued his studies in the public schools of Pittsfield. He was also reared to farm life, and is now as- sisting his father in the operation of his land and the care of his stock. In 1892 Mr. Walker was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 6th of March of that year. She was a loving and devoted helpmate and companion to him on life's journey, and an affectionate mother. She passed away at the old home and was buried in the Prairie Mound cemetery in ]\fartinsburg township. Mr. Walker belongs to the Odd Fellows lodge at New Hartford. He has not been very active in fraternal or political circles, however, but has confined his attention and energies largely to his business affairs. Receiving little assistance he has depended upon his own labors and earnest, persistent effort constitutes the real basis of his prosperity. DAVID JOHNSON. David Johnson, who owns and operates a farm on section 16, Pearl township, is a native of Madi- son county, Illinois, born December 28, 1830, and since the age of twelve years has been a resident of Pike countv with the exception of a brief pe- riod spent in California. He is a son of William M. and Mary Caroline (Lumley) Johnson, in whose family were seven children, David being the fifth in order of birth. The father was a na- tive of South Carolina, and served as a soldier of the war of 1812, aiding his country throughout the period of hostilities. At an early period in the development of this state he became a resident of Madison county, and in 183 1 removed to Greene county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming and shoemaking. There his death occurred in the spring of 1835. His widow afterward removed to Calhoun county and thence came to Pike county, where she spent her remaining days, her death occurring on the 17th of January, 1877. David Johnson was only about a year old when his parents went to Greene county, where he re- sided until 1842, when, after a brief residence in Calhoun county, he came to Pike county. Here he has since remained with the exception of the period between 1850 and 1854, which was spent in California. His education was acquired in the public schools of Greene, Calhoun and Pike coun- ties ; and he was reared to farm life, early becom- ing familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. On the 14th of February, 1856, Mr. Johnson secured a companion and helpmate for life's jour- ney by his marriage to Miss Lydia A. Wheeler, who was born October 2;^, 1837, and was a daugh- ter of Cyrus and Elmira Wheeler. Her father was a native of Kentucky, while her mother was born in the Empire state, and was a daughter of John Little, who was a surgeon in the American army in the Revolutionary war. Joseph Wheeler, a paternal great-uncle of Mrs. Johnson, was also a Revolutionary officer, holding the rank of colo- nel. Her parents on coming to Illinois settled in Greene county, where they remained for two years and then took up their abode in Pearl township. Pike county, where their remaining days were passed, Mr. Wheeler departing this life in Au- gust, 1884, while his wife's death occurred in 1897. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were born eleven children : Melissa B., the eldest, born October 4, 1856, became the wife of Joseph Garner, and they reside in Spring Creek township, Pike county. Clarissa, twin sister of Melissa, died November 26, 1856. William C, born September 7, 1858, married Mary Dawson, and is living in Newburg township. Ida M. born October 29, i860, died January 6, 1861. Ina M., twin sister of Ida, died in August, 1872. Elmira Caroline, born Septem- ber 18, 1863, became the wife of Charles Renond, December 25, 1887, and they now reside in New- burg township. Sarah E., born February 23, 1866, died August 4, 1867. Hattie E., born July 14, 1868, is the wife of Dr. B. P. Bradburn, a resident of Lincoln, Illinois. Albert Sydney, born ]\Iarch ig, 1871, married Josephine McKey, and 696 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. resides in Pearl township, Pike county. Delia R., born January 17, 1876, is the wife of Daily Garrison, of Pearl. Earl C, born June 4, 1880, married Jessie E. Keller and died June 8, 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have twenty-six grand- children living while nine have passed away. In his political views Mr. Johnson is inde- pendent. He takes no active part in political work but gives his support to the principles which he thinks will promote the best interests of the countrv. His entire life has been devoted to farming, and in the conduct of his agricultural interests he has achieved a gratifying measure of success. For about sixty years he has lived in Pike county, and has therefore been a witness of the greater part of its development and improve- ment as it has emerged from pioneer conditions and taken on the evidences of an advanced civili- zation. He has been interested in what has been accomplished and has given his co-operation to plans and movements for the public good. CHARLES B. DUSTIN. No history of Pike county would be a complete record of its development along agricultural lines that did not contain mention of Charles B. Dus- tin who is now practically retired, but who, for many years, was prominently identified with stock-raising interests ; in fact, the extent and im- portance of his business affairs in this connection made him known far beyond the confines of the county. He is a representative of one of the oldest pioneer families of this part of the state, and was born in Atlas on the 29th of November, 1843. His parents were William and Sarah (Bentley) Dustin. The father, a native of New Hampshire, was a farmer by occupation, and came to Pike county about 1837. He was married in this county to Miss Bentley, a native of New York, who had come to Illinois with Dr. Whiting and his family, who were early settlers of Atlas township, mak- ing their home in Rockport. William Dustin engaged actively in farming for many years, suc- cessfully carrying on agricultural pursuits until 1865. He died upon the old homestead property, now owned by our subject, October 12, 1873, and his remains were interred in Adams and Dustin cemetery, at Atlas, Illinois. His widow survived him until January 4, 1891, and was then buried beside her husband. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dustin were born three children, Charles B. being the only son. The sisters are Jennie and Nettie Dus- tin. The former married Seth Robinson, an at- torney of Lincoln, Nebraska, who died in San Francisco, California. His wife returned to the home of her brother in January, 1877, and died on the 5th of that month, her remains being in- terred in the Adams and Dustin cemetery. Nettie Dustin became the wife of J. R. Sayers, of St. Louis, Missouri, and they now reside in San Francisco, California. Charles B. Dustin acquired his preliminary edu- cation in the district schools of his native town- ship, and later spent two winter seasons as a stu- dent in Jacksonville, Illinois. During the first winter he attended the west district public school, and also during a part of the second winter ; while later he became a student in the Illinois College. Upon leaving college he returned to Atlas and as- sisted his father in the operation of his farm until 1865, when he rented the old home place from his father. It comprised four hundred and eighty acres of land pleasantly and conveniently located about a mile southeast of Atlas. There he en- gaged in general farming until 1874, at which time he purchased the home property, buying the interest of his sisters in the farm. His farm to- day comprises two hundred and sixty-six acres of valuable land, yvhich had been purchased by his father from the Brown estate, and upon which William Dustin erected a fine residence and also made other e.xcellent improvements. Here Mr. Dus- tin of this review continued to carry on general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. He at first purchased a few head of thoroughbred short- horn cattle ; and he continued to breed and raise cattle for many years, gradually adding to his herd. In 1880 he purchased four head of imported female shorthorn cattle. He attended sales and occasionally purchased some thoroughbred stock, and by 1891 had become the owner of quite a number of Scotch bred shorthorns. In August PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 697 of that year he went abroad, going to Scotland, where he purchased four thoroughbred heifers and two bulls, and also five head of shorthorns for J. F. Prather, of Williamsvilk, Illinois. Fie then returned to the United States with the cat- tle, which were placed in quarantine in Garfield, New Jersey, and after ninety clays were shipped from there to Springfield, Illinois, where Mr. Prather took his, while Mr. Duntin's were sent on to Pittsfield, and from that city they were driven to his farm. He then made a specialty of breeding Scotch shorthorns, giving his particular attention to this branch of his business. He raised nearly all of his cattle, and soon had a very fine herd. In 1893 '''^ imported two other Scotch bulls, and in 1898 still another. By this time Mr. Dustjn owned as fine specimens of imported thor- oughbred, selected stock as any one in the United States. In the spring of 1898, however, he held a sale of his thoroughbred stock on his home farm, which was attended by representatives from al- most every state in the Union. Forty-three head of cattle at this sale were catalogued, forty of .which Mr. Dustin had himself bred ; and his stock sale had an average of three hundred and sixty- three dollars per head. He afterward sold many head of cattle at private sale, and in 1901 he sold in Chicago at public sale five head of cattle, all of his own breeding, averaging twelve hundred and sixteen dollars, being the highest average made throughout the United States and Canada during that year. Twelve months prior to selling his herd he disposed of many of his cattle, which brought him a financial return of twenty thou- sand and five hundred dollars. It was following the death of his younger son that Mr. Dustin disposed of his splendid herd of shorthorns en- tirely at private sale. There were thirty-six head in all, including an imported Scotch bull, consid- ered to be the best bull in the United States. He realized from this sale thirty thousand dollars. He then retired from active pursuits largely on account of the death of his two sons, William A. and Homer. It was on the 28th of October, 1867, that Mr. Dustin was united in marriage to Miss Emma P. Stebbens, a daughter of Alfred and Emeline (Hendricks) Stebbens. Her father was a re- tired farmer, of Summer Hill, to which place he removed in 188 1. He passed away July 21, 1904, and was buried in the Adams and Dustin ceme- tery. Flis wife still survives him, and now makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Dustin, at the ad- vanced age of eighty years. Unto our subject and his wife were born two sons, William A. and Homer. The former was born January 2, 1870, and died at his father's home June 3, 1899, leav- ing a widow, Anna (Sanderson) Dustin, and one child, Charles S. Dustin, his remains being in- terred in the West cemetery at Pittsfield. Homer was born August 11, 187 1, on his grandfather Stebbens' farm in Atlas township and died March 10, 1902, leaving a widow. Flora (Pryor) Dus- tin, and two children, Ruth M. and William A. Dustin, his grave being made in the Adams and Dustin cemetery. The loss of the two sons came as the greatest blow that has ever fallen upon the happy home of our subject and his wife. They were both promising young men, in whom the in- terest of the parents centered, and they had been their father's assistants in business affairs. Mr. Dustin was for a long time a stanch repub- lican in politics, but during the past few years his given his support to the democracy. He is a man firm in his honest convictions, never falter- ing in his support of the principles which he be- lieves to be right. There is no man in Pike county who has done more to improve the grade of stock- raised than has Mr. Dustin, who has thereby con- tributed to general prosperity, especially of the agricultural class. In all of his business affairs he has been very progressive, and has ever been reliable and energetic, and he stands to-day among the respected and honored citizens of his county. WILLIAM H. THURMON. William H. Thurmon is the owner of a good farm of one hundred and ten acres of valuable land and also has twenty acres of timber land in Pike count}', where for many years he has made his home. His birth occurred in Montgomery county, Tennessee, on the 28th of February, 1829, and he comes of Scotch ancestry, the family hav- ing been established in America at an early pe- 698 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. riod in the colonization of the new world. His paternal grandfather, David Thurmon, was a Virginia tobacco planter and was well-to-do in his time. His entire life was passed in the Old Dominion. His son, Thomas L. Thurmon, was born, reared and educated in Virginia and on leaving that state removed to Cumberland county, Kentucky, where he married Miss Millie Black. They afterward removed to Montgomery count)', Tennessee, settling about twelve miles from the county seat where the birth of our subject oc- curred. The father acted as an overseer on his father's plantation in Virginia, superintending the negroes in their cultivation of the land for many years. He was also similarly employed in Kentucky for about four years and then went to Montgomery county, Tennessee, where he con- tinued in the same occupation until 1841. In that year he arrived in Pike county, Illinois, settling in Montezuma township, where he carried on gen- eral agricultural pursuits up to the time of his death, which occurred March 17, 1882, when he was eighty-two years of age. His remains were interred in Green Pond cemetery, in Monte- zuma township. Roth he and his wife exemplified the true spirit of religion in their lives and were devoted members of the Christian church. Mrs. Thurmon also passed away in Montezuma township when about seventy years of age and later her husband's remains were laid by her side in Green Pond cemetery. In their family were nine children, namely ; Susan J., Sa- rah A.. Bethena E., Louisa M., Mary R., William H., John T., James L. and Adeline, of whom Mary R. died in infancy and was buried in Green Pond cemetery, while Susan J. died at the age of sixty-five years, Sarah A. at the age of sixty-two years, Louisa M., when fifty-eight years of age and Bethena E. at the age of fift)r-four years. All were laid to rest in the family burial lot in Green Pond cemetery, William PI. Thurmon, whose name introduces this review, was a youth of eleven years when his parents came with their family to Pike county and here he has since resided, his time and at- tention being given to the acquirement of an edu- cation in the district schools in his earl\- bo}'hood and to work in the fields. Having arrived at years of maturity jie was married on the 29th of August, 1852, to Miss Lucy L. Smith, who was of Welsh descent and a daughter of Willam and Delano (Parks) Smith. Her father was born in Virginia and removed from the Old Dominion to Ohio when about twelve years of age in com- pany with his parents. There he formed the ac- cjuaintance of Miss Parks, whom he afterward wedded and they became the parents of but one child — Mrs. Thurmon. The mother died when the daughter was but thirteen months old and her remains were interred in Athens county, Ohio. The father afterward removed from the Buck- eye state to Montezuma township, where he lived for five years and then went to McDonough county, Illinois, his death occurring m Col- chester. Since his marriage Mr. Thurmon has followed farming with gratifying success and is now the owner of one hundred and ten acres of cultivable land in Montezuma township. His farm is un- der a good state of cultivation, being supplied with modern equipments and the neat and thrifty appearance of the place indicates his careful supervision. In addition to this he has twenty acres of timber land, mostly hard wood — oak, hickory and walnut. Mr. and Mrs. Thurmon have largely devoted their lives to rearing and educating their children. Thev are the parents of seven sons and two daughters, four of the for- mer being physicians, a record perhaps une- qualed in the Lhiited States. The)" provided them with excellent opportunities for preparing for this field of business activity and they are polished gentlemen, capable in their profession, each meeting with success in the locality in which he has become established in practice. NORMAN W. BROWN. Norman W. Brown, who follows farming on section 35, Atlas township, was born on the old family homestead of two hundred and twenty acres, upon which his father, Isaac Brown, lo- cated in 1828. The natal day of the son was September 23, 1840, and he was reared upon the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 699 home place, acquiring his preliminary education in the old log scchoolhouse of the neighborhood about one mile from his father's home. He afterward, however, attended the Summer Hill district school, from which he was graduated. All this time he was living with his parents, Isaac and Susan (Smoot) Brown, the former of Scotch ancestry and the latter of Dutch lineage. Isaac Brown was a native of Virginia and removed from the Old Dominion to Kentucky, where he was married. He made farming his life work and followed that occupation until his life's la- bor's were ended in death. He became a pioneer resident of this county, settling here in 1828, when much of the land was still in possession of the government and few clearings had been made. He at once began to cultivate his land in Atlas township and resided upon the old homestead farm until his death in 1850. He had served his country as a soldier in the war of 1812. His widow survived him until April, i860, and was then buried beside her husband on the old home farm that is now the property of C. B. Dustin. The old flintlock musket which was carried by Isaac C. Brown in the war of 1812 is still in pos- session of the family, being now the property of Willis Brown, a brother of Norman W. Brown. In the family of Isaac and Susan Brown were thirteen children, namely : Maria, Mahala, Squire, Owen, Hardin, John, Willis, James, Isaac, Susan, Jane, Benjamin and Norman W. All are now deceased with the exception of four. Isaac died in infancy and was buried beside his parents on the old home farm, where also lie the remains of Hardin and John Brown, while Susan, Ma- hala and Benjamin were buried in California and Owen was buried in Kentucky near Mammoth Cave. Norman W. Brown, the youngest of his fa- ther's family, was reared upon the old homestead farm. He lost his father when but ten years of age and was reared bv his older brothers and sisters with whom he lived until nineteen years of age, when, in August, 1859, in company with William and James Baxter, he started for Pikes Peak, attracted by the discovery of gold in Colo- rado. They traveled with ox teams a part of the way and on reaching Nebraska they met many 35 gold-seekers who were returning and who gave them information that there was no gold to be found. This discouraged the party so that they turned back and again came to Pike county. In the spring of i860, however, Mr. Brown once more determined to try and win a fortune from the depths of the earth, for favorable reports concerning mining operations were still being re- ceived from Colorado and California and other sections of the country. In company with about one hundred and forty others he started, the party having forty wagons, most of which were drawn by ox teams. The company was com- manded by John Underwood, whom they elected captain, and slowly they wended their way across the plains, completing in safety the long trip of five months, and reached Sacramento, California, on the 5th of September, i860. They saw many Indians en route but they kept a strict watch, each male member of the company standing guard in his turn and they were not molested. Upon reaching Sacramento they did not find the gold as plentiful as they had pictured in their minds, so the members of the company scattered and sought employment in various ways. Mr. Brown went to work on a ranch and was thus employed for four and a half years, at the end of which time he returned home on the ocean steamer, Moses Taylor, embarking at San Francisco on the 13th of November, 1865. He disembarked with six hundred others at San Juan on the coast of Panama and from there they traveled over- land, crossing the mountains, Mr. Brown riding a pony. He finally reached Virginia Bay, where he with the rest of the party took a boat across the bay to the head of San Juan river, where they embarked on two small river boats, going to Walker's Rapids. They traveled around the rapids on foot and again embarked on two other boats, thus making their way to old Graytown, a small port in the Atlantic ocean, where they took the steamer Santiago de Cuba for New York, arriving safely at that port. Thence they traveled by rail to Niagara Falls, and then on to Quincy, Illinois, and from there Mr. Brown made his way home. On again reaching Pike county he once more engaged in farming and soon afterward he se- 700 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. cured a companion and helpmate for life's jour- ney. He was married on the 28th of January, 1869, to Miss Ann Elizabeth Gay, a daughter of James and Amelia (Yokem) Gay, who are men- tioned on another page of this volume. Unto this marriage six children, three sons and three daughters, have been born, namely : Nellie, who was born November 25, 1869, and is now the wife of N. J. Carter, of Rockport ; Paul W., who was born June 19, 1871, and is now a practicing phvsician in Springfield, Ohio ; Carrie, born Oc- tober 27, 1873, who is the wife of H. D. Marion, a resident of Atlas township ; Claud, who was born October 9, 1876, and is living in Carterville, Illi- nois, where he is employed and is part owner in a mining machiner}- foundry ; Erma, who was born May 22, 1882, and is a stenographer with the Simmons Hardware Company of St. Louis ; and Bert, who was born May 10, 1884, and re- sides with his parents. Politically Mr. Brown is a republican, unfal- tering in the advocacy of his party and its prin- ciples. He cast his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln in i860 and is proud of the fact that his second vote also supported the martyred president. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are now living upon the old home farm in Atlas township, where for years he has carried on general agricultural pursuits, having devoted his life to farm work since his return home from California more tha'n forty years ago. MRS. ELLEN L. RUPERT. Mrs. Ellen L. Rupert, one of the most highly esteemed ladies of Rockport, is prominent not only in social but also in business circles, being connected with the firm of Haines, Rupert & Company. She possesses excellent business tal- ent, tact, energy and perseverance. She was born in Rockport, July 31, 1847, and is a daughter of Nicholas and Zerilda (DeWitt) Crenshaw. The Crenshaws were large slave owners in Vir- ginia and Kentucky and had extensive planta- tions. The Virginia branch of the family were among the early settlers of the Old Dominion, lier father and mother were natives of Hardin county, Kentucky, to which state their parents had removed from Virginia at an early day in the settlement of the Blue Grass district. Nicholas Crenshaw removed to Jackson county, Missouri, and Zerilda DeWitt, who was an orphan, also became a resident of that place, to which she went with her uncle, Daniel Crump, and shortly afterward she gave her hand in marriage to Nicholas Crenshaw. They remained residents of Jackson county, Missouri, for two years, dur- ing which time he engaged in farming, and on the expiration of that period came to Rockport, Illinois, where Mr. Crenshaw turned his atten- tion to the cooperage business. He was for years a justice of the peace in Atlas township and was a respected and prominent citizen of his commu- nity. In 1849 he removed to Summer Hill, where he resided until 1856, when he returned to Rock- port. After two years, in 1858, he went to Scott's Landing in Atlas township, where he re- mained for seven years, when in 1866 he once more came to Rockport. Here he engaged in merchandising up to the time of his death, which occurred in March, 1882, his remains being in- terred in the Rockport cemetery. In business circles he figured prominently and his well mer- ited reputation for reliability and enterprise gained him the unqualified confidence and re- spect of all with whom he came in contact. His wife had passed away many years before, having died at .Scott's Landing, January 16, 1865, her remains, however, being interred in Summer Hill cemetery. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Crenshaw were born eight children, of whom Mrs. Rupert was the third in order of birth. These are : Oscar DeWitt, born November 4, 1844; Ellen Lane, July 31, 1847: Florence Jane, November 29, 1849: John, in 1851 ; Fannie IMargaret, in June, 1852; Nicholas, in 1855; and James Elisha, in 1858. There was also one child who died at birth. Of these the living members of the family are : Mrs. Rupert ; Mrs. Florence J. Rapalee, of Sioux City, Iowa ; Nicholas, who is living in Omaha ; and James Crenshaw. The father was married twice, his second wife being Lucy Dol- bear, who survives him and lives in Denver, Colo- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY 701 rado. Unto them were born six children : Guy R., who lived to manhood and was killed in a railroad accident ; William, who died in infancy ; Alary Pryor, a resident of Quincy, Illinois ; Lucy, Etta Ellis, of Rosalia, Washington ; and Hattie Bell Webb and !\lyrtle May Clark, both of Den- ver, Colorado. Mrs. Rupert acquired her education largely in the schools of Rockport and Summer Hill and also spent one year as a student in Monticello Seminary at Godfrey, Illinois. She then re- turned to her parents' home at Scott's Landing in Pike county, and taught school up to the date of her marriage. On the i8th of April, 1869, she gave her hand in marriage to William M. Haines and unto them were born three sons : Henry Wal- lace, born February 17, 1870: George Crenshaw, who was born October 20, 1871, and died at Scott's Landing, August 4, 1881, his remains be- ing interred in Rockport cemetery ; and William Homer, born October 6, 1876. Mr. Haines was a farmer and was also agent for the steamboats at Scott's Landing, acting in that capacity at the time of his death, which occurred February 4, 1881, his remains being interred in the Rockport cemetery. On the 24th of July, 1883, Mrs. Haines was married to James D. Rupert, a merchant of Rockport and a large landowner, who at the time of his death was practically living a retired life. He died January 8, 1895, in Rockport and was buried in the Atlas cemetery, three miles from the village. Mrs. Rupert became a member of the firm of Haines, Rupert & Company in 1897, being associated with her son in this enter- prise. They have a very large general store, carrying the most extensive stock of anv estab- lishment in the western part of the county. Her son, H. Wallace Haines, is at the head of the firm of Haines, Rupert & Com- pany, while her other son. Dr. William Homer Haines, is a practicing physician and surgeon of note. He is yet a young man of twenty-nine vears, but has attained success far in advance of most men of that age. He now resides at Aetna Mills, California, where he en- joys a large and lucrative practice. He married Eugenia Keppler, a native of California. They have one child, a son, Louis J. H. Haines, born March 17, 1902. Mrs. Rupert isaprominentmember of Rockport Methodist Episcopal church and takes an active and helpful interest in the various departments of the church work, being known throughout the community for her devout spirit and her wise counsel and able assistance in all matters relating to the growth of the church and the extension of its influence. It was largel_v through her influ- ence that an estate of five thousand dollars was given to the trustees of the church in perpetuity, the income of which is to be used at the discretion of the church trustees. Mrs. Rupert is a member of the board of trustees, also steward of the church and is superintendent of the Sunday- school. Her good work shows her true Christian spirit. The poor and needy find in her a friend and she ever gives to the extent of her ability her aid to all measures for uplifting humanity. She is indeed one of the most highly esteemed ladies of Rockport and her business and execu- tive ability, her spirit of benevolence and her so- cial nature have endeared her to all with whom she has been hrovight in contact. S. W. DANIFLS. S. W. Daniels has the honor of being the old- est living pioneer of Bedford, Montezuma town- ship. He was born in this township in 1829, and therefore through seventy-seven years has been a witness of the great changes which have oc- curred in the county, his memory encompassing the period of pioneer development, latter-day progress and of the modern improvements and prosperity. His parents were James and Olive Daniels, the former a native of the state of New York and the latter of Vermont. James Daniels was one of the first settlers of Montezuma town- ship. Pike county. On emigrating westward he and his wife became residents of Madison countv, Illinois, and in 1823 came to Pike county, settling in Montezuma township, where he entered one hundred and twenty acres of land, upon which he reared his family. There he remained until called to his final rest and he carried on farming 702 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY until overtaken with the infirmities of age. Both he and his wife died on the old Daniels home- stead, where their son S. W. Daniels was born. The father was a soldier of the war of 1812 and there was not a braver or more gallant soldier who fought for the preservation of the interests of the states in the war with England. He be- came one of the earliest settlers of the county and aided in subduing the wilderness and in con- quering the conditions of pioneer life. His name is inseparably interwoven with the early records of this part of the state and with pleasure we pay our tribute of respect and honor to his memory because of what he accomplished in behalf of pub- lic progress here. S. W. Daniels was reared upon the old farm homestead amid the environments and conditions of pioneer life. He can remember the time when almost all of the houses in the county were log cabins and has noted the progress that has been made as these have been replaced by more com- modious and substantial residences built in mod- ern style of architecture. The land, too, was raw and uncultivated and the entire county pre- sented almost the same appearance as it did when it came from the hand of nature, the forests be- ing uncut and the prairies being uncultivated. There were few indications of the work of man in the county in his early tiny hood and he shared with others in the hardships and trials incident to pioneer life. As his age and strength per- mitted he met and more largely assumed the duties of improving the home farm and per- formed the arduous toil incident to the cultiva- tion of new fields. In early manhood he also engaged in milling and continued in business for many years. Subsequently he turned his atten- tion to merchandising, conducting a store in Bed- ford, being a partner in the firm of Merchant & Miller. The relationship was maintained for a considerable period and thev received from the public a liberal and gratifving patronage. Dur- ing this time Mr. Daniels also ran a ferry, which was then located in Bedford. For several years he has been retired from active life but yet resides upon the old homestcarl farm. Tn early manhood Mr. Daniels was united in marriage to Miss Frances French and they have since traveled life's journey most happily to- gether. She was a daughter of John French and the wedding was celebrated in her father's home in 1846. Unto this union were born five children, three sons and two daughters, namely : Wesley P., George, Julia, Thomas and Rozella. Mr. Daniels and his good wife have shared each oth- er's joys and sorrows for more than sixty years. Their lives have been tranquil and like a river flowing quietly but steadily on have enriched the community as the river does its valley lands. The\- are now living in quiet contentment and in the evening of life are enjoying the fruits of their former toil which has supplied them with all of the comforts which go to make life worth the living. GEORGE HAKE. George Flake, deceased, who was connected with farming interests in Pike county for many years and whose upright and honorable life gained for him the esteein and favorable regard of all with whom he was associated, was born in Hanover, Germany, May 9, 1845, ^ son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hake, who were likewise na- tives of the fatherland and there spent their en- tire lives, the former devoting his attention to agricultural pursuits. In their family were nine children, of whom six are yet living: Dinie, the wife of Fred Strouse : Ernest, who is living in Barry, Illinois : and Minnie, Carl, Augustus and William, all living in Germany. George Hake acquired his education in the public schools of his native country and attracted by the business opportunities and more favorable conditions of the new world he bade adieu to friends and native land when eighteen years of age and crossed the Atlantic to America. He worked upon a farm near Perry and soon after his marriage removed to Denver. Colorado, where he established a meat market, having learned the business in his native country. He carried on business in Denver for twenty years with e::ccllent success and then returned to ririgi^sville because of poor health, spending his rcmainino- days in this city. GEORGE HAKE PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 705 Mr. Hake was married to Miss Mary Alice Smith, who was born in Fulton county, Illinois, October 10, 1852, a daug'hter of Spencer H. and Elizabeth (McWhirt) Smith. The father was born in Georgetown, Delaware, February 9. 1825, and the mother's birth occurred in Culpeper, Virginia, November g, 1826. In 1847 Mr. Smith came to Fulton county, Illinois, locating south of Bernadotte, where he engaged in farming until 1861. He then took up his abode in the town of Griggsville, where he engaged in the painting business for two or three years prior to his death. He held membership in the Baptist church from 1863 until the time of his demise and lived an upright Christian life. His political allegiance was given to the democracy and his loyaltv to his country was displayed by active service in the Mexican war. He held the rank of corporal, participated in several battles and at length was shipwrecked with Captain Reynolds off the coast of Texas. The grandfather of Mrs. Hake was a soldier of the war of 1812. Mr. Smith con- tinued a resident of Griggsville up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1900 and his widow survived him until January 19, 1906, when she passed away at the age of seventy-nine years, two months and twelve days, in Perry, Pike county, Illinois. They were the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters, of whom six are now living : Sarah, Mrs. Hake, Cora, Wil- liam, Charles and Lizzie. When twenty-one years of age Mr. Hake be- came a member of Perry lodge. No. 95, A. F. & A. M., and in his life always exemplified the true spirit of the craft which is based upon mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. When in Denver he joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodge. No. 14, at Denver, Colorado. Fie also belonged to the Knights of Pythias lodge in that city and was a member of the Lutheran church. His political support was given to the democracy and he always kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day. There was no more loyal or devoted native son of America than George Hake, who was ever true to his adopted country, her institutions and her principles. He came to America with limited capital, but here found the opportunities he sought and which are always open to ambitious, determined young men. He knew that success might be acquired by close application and indefatigable energy and upon these qualities he placed his dependence and grad- ually builded thereon the superstructure of his success. At all times he enjoyed the confidence and trust of his fellowmen because his life was in harmony with honorable principles. He died Sep- tember I, 1893, respected by all who knew him. He had been a loyal citizen, a faithful friend and a devoted husband and his loss comes with great- est force in his own household. He is still sur- vived by his widow, who yet resides, in Griggs- ville, where she is held in high esteem by all who know her. Mr. and Mrs. Hake became the parents of six children, of whom three are deceased, as follows : Minnie, died in Denver at the age of six years ; Ernest, died in infancy, and another died in in- fancy unnamed. Those living are George F., aged twenty-nine years ; Emma Nettie, twenty- two years ; and William Spencer, aged eighteen years, all at home. MRS. MARY A. DOBER. Mrs. Mary A. Dober, residing on section 26, Atlas township, where she owns a good farm, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 14, 1856, and is the widow of Joseph Dober and a daughter of Jacob and Gottliebe (Hande) Auer. Her parents removed from Philadelphia to Pike county, Illinois, when their daughter was only three years of age and settled upon a farm in Kinderhook township, where the father engaged in the tilling of the soil for about three years. He then removed to Barry township and settled upon a farm of one hundred and twenty acres, giving his time and energies to the further culti- vation and development of the property up to the day of his death, which occurred February 28, 1899. He was born on the 2d of June, 1821, at Dizchott, Wurtemberg, Germany, while his wife's birth occurred May 2, 1827, at Bettlinger, Wur- temberg. They became the parents of thirteen children, ten daughters and three sons. The liv- 7o6 PAST AND' PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ing are: Rosina, Charlotte,' Mary A., Caroline, and Jennie. All are married and have families of their own and reside in Pike county, except Car- oline. Mrs. Dober was educated in the Grubb Hol- low school in Barry township and her girlhood days were spent under the parental roof. She met her husband, Joseph Dober, in Pittsfield and was married there on the 13th of April, 1873, by Squire Patterson. Mr. Dober was born June 13, 1848, at Oemesbach, Amlobezick, Achern, Baden, Germany, and was a son of Frank Dober, who was born at the same place in 181 1 and died there in 1849. He married Helena Boehler and unto them were born five children, four sons and a daughter, namely : Nicholas, Antona, Jo- hanna, Joseph and Frank. After the death of her first husband the wife and mother married George Woerner and they became the parents of four children, three sons and a daughter, as follows : Michael, Leo, Fred and a daughter who died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Woerner with their chil- dren emigrated to America, settling in Jackson- ville, Illinois, where the children were reared and educated. Mr. Woerner died in Springfield, Illinois, and was buried there. His wife pre- ceded him to the grave and died in Arenzville, Cass county, Illinois, in June, 1893, when seven- ty-one years of age, her birth occurring on the I2th of May, 1822, in Germany in the same place in which her husband, Frank Dober, was born. Joseph Dober, spending his boyhood and youth in his native country, emigrated to Amer- ica in 1869, locating first in Jacksonville, Illinois, where he remained for two years, engaged in the bakery business. In 1871 he came to Pittsfield, where in partnership with his brother Nicholas, who conducted a grocery and bakery, so contin- uing for four years, at the end of which time he disposed of his interest to his brother and pur- chased a farm upon which his widow now resides, constituting four hundred acres of very valuable land. He made extensive improvements, build- ing a neat frame house, where a log dweUing had formerly stood, the frame structure being erected at a cost of one thousand dollars. He also built a fine barn and shed, costing about nine hundred dollars. Here he engaged in farming and stock- raising, making a specialty of sheeJD, and was thus engaged until the time of his demise. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dober were born seven children, four sons and three daughters : Adel- bert, born in Pittsfield, January 27, 1874; Louis J., born in Pittsfield, November 6, 1875 ! Anna Dora, born in Pittsfield, January 17, 1880; Harry A., born in Pittsfield, July 27, 1883; Eta J., born in Atlas township, January 17, 1889; Francis R., born in Atlas township, October 7, 1892 ; and Joseph Leo, born at the present home place, Au- gust 14, 1902. Of these all are living with the exception of Adelbert, who died in infancy. May 29, 1874, and was buried in the West cemetery at Pittsfield. Louis J. married Estie Fisher and they have two daughters, Nellie and Flora Do- ber. Anna Dora is the wife of Walter J. Haynes and they have a daughter, Lizzie M. Haynes. Mr. Dober was one of the most prominent democrats of Pike county, recognized as a leader in the ranks of his party, while his opinions car- ried weight in its local councils. He was elected supervisor of Atlas township for two terms and served for two terms as road commissioner, while for twelve years he was a school director, holding these different offices in Atlas township. He was likewise secretary and treasurer of the branch line of the Wabash Railroad extending between Pittsfield and Maysville, Illinois, occu- pying the position for about three years. He was also treasurer for the Sny Island levee drain- age district of Pike, Adams and Calhoun count- ties up to the time of his death. He was a close student of the signs of the times, the demands of the public and the news of general interest and his efforts were always of a practical and bene- ficial nature. He was also a prominent member of several fraternal orders. He became a charter member of Ambrosia lodge. No. 778, I. O. O. F., and he likewise held membership with the Modern Woodmen of America, the Mutual Protective League, the Court of Honor, the Masonic fra- ternity and the Pike County Mutual Life Asso- ciation, being in hearty sympathy with the ten- ets and teachings of these various organizations, which are based upon mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. Mr. Dober was likewise a PAST AND PRESENT OF : PIKE COUNTY. 707 member of the Congregational church and was elected as one of its trustees, serving in that ca- pacity until his death. For several years prior to his demise he was in very poor health and finally on the nth of Oc- tober, 1903, he went to Quincy, Illinois, where he underwent an operation for appendicitis, and four days later, on the 15th of October, he died from the effects of the operation. His remains were brought back to his home in Atlas, where the funeral services were held and the great es- teem, which was so uniformly given him, was evidenced by the large concourse of friends who attended the funeral services to pay their last tribute of respect to him. The Order of Odd Fellows took charge of the funeral arrangements and escorted his remains to the Adams and Dus- tin cemetery near Atlas, where he was laid to rest, being buried with the rites of the order by Pittsfield lodge. The keenest sorrow was felt at his death for he was so universally esteemed and loved as to make his demise 'come as a personal loss to a great many friends. An upright Chris- tian man he performed every service devolving upon him faithfully and well promoted by a love of his God, his country, his home and his honor. Mrs. Dober still resides upon the old home farm in the midst of her children and grandchildren. This is a valuable property, well improved and returning to her each year a handsome income, so that she is now enabled to enjoy all of the com- forts and many of the luxuries of life. CHARLES W. BATLEY. Charles W. Batley, whose entire life has been devoted to agricultural pursuits and who is num- bered among the enterprising and leading farm- ers of Montezuma township, was born in Fair- mount township. Pike county, on the 4th of Au- gust, 1859, his parents being Milton and Eliza- beth (Walker) Batley. The father was a native of Scott county, Illinois, born in 1836, while the mother's birth occurred in this cijunty in 1837. They were married February 4, 1858, and be- came the parents of five children : Charles W., Ada, Mary, Robert and Maud. Of this number Ada died at the age of twenty-three years and Maud died in infancy, the remains of both being interred in Dorsey cemetery at Perry. Milton Batley, father of our subject, was a veteran of the Civil war, enlisting in the Ninety-ninth lUi^ nois Infantry, with which he served throughout the period of hostilities, taking part with Sher- man on the march to the sea and participating in a number of important engagements. He was wounded at the battle of Black River. Charles W. Batley, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his education in the public schools of the county and early be- came familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. In early manhood he chose a companion and helpmate for life's journey, being married on the 19th of June, 1884, to Miss Lizzie Heavner, by whom he has one son, Archer Leland, born July 14, 1891. Mrs. Batley is a daughter of James D. and Matilda (Thomas) Heavner, She was born in Detroit township, February 19, 1864, and was the third in a family of seven children, two of whom are now decased. Her father, who was born in Pike county, January 7, 1835, and was therefore one of its honored pioneer settlers, passed away in Milton, February 2, 1899, at the age of sixty- four years, while his wife, who was born in Pike county, February 10, 1839, is still living. They were married November 4, 1858. Mr. Heavner was also a soldier of the Civil war, enlisting in 1864 in the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry, and he was wounded in the battle of Memphis. He was connected with the pioneer development of the county, being famil- iar with the work and the incidents which led to the upbuilding and progress of this section of the state at an early day as well as with its latter- day progress and prosperity. Following his marriage Mr. Batley took up his abode upon a farm and has devoted his entire life to general agricultural pursuits, now operat- ing two hundred and forty acres of land, consti- tuting a valuable and well improved property. He has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and uses the latest improved machin- ery in the care of his crops. Both he and his 708 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. wife are members of the Christian church and are well known and worthy representatives of honored pioneer families. Mr. Batley gives his political allegiance to the republican party and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day, but has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking, preferring to devote his time and energies to his business interests, in which he is meeting with signal success. WILLIAM E. PAYNE. William E. Payne, following the occupation of farming in Atlas township, was born May i6, 1874, in Derry township. Pike county, his parents being George and Sarah M. (Stairs) Payne. The father was born in Derrv township, Decem- ber 29, 1849, which fact indicates that the family was well established here in early pioneer times. He followed farming during the greater part of his life but also engaged in contracting to some extent. He was married in 1 871 to Miss Sarah Stairs, whose birth occurred in Atlas township on the 14th of May, 1850. Thev became the parents of nine children, seven sons and two daughters : Frederick O. ; William E. ; John W., who died in 1902, at the age of twenty-seven years ; Arthur E. ; James D. ; George, who died at the age of sixteen month and was buried in the Tajdor cemetery near Eldara : Clarence O. ; Iva L. ; and Cecil I. Payne. The parents are both deceased and were laid to rest in the Rockport cemeter}-. The mother died on the 17th of Feb- ruary, 1895, and the father ' passed away on Christmas day of the same year, his grave being made by her side in the cemetery at Rockport. William E. Payne was reared to agricultural pursuits and has followed farming throughout his entire life. He acquired his education in the district schools of Atlas and Derry townships and during the ])eriods of vacation worked in the fields, so that he early became familiar with the practical methods of carrying on farm labor. On the 27th of December, 1897. he was united in marriage to ^liss Xettie ^I. Hubble, a daughter of William H. H. and Frances H. (K\'le) Hubble, both of whom are living. Her father is now a farmer of Knox county, Missouri, and at the time of the Civil war he was a soldier of the Union army, remaining at the front until the close of hostili- ties. Ten children have been born unto William H. H. and Frances Hubble, five sons and five daughters, as follows : Elizabeth A., Nettie M., Charles W., George A., Jesse E., Grace B., Nora A., Lena E., Russell L. and John. Of these Lena, Russell and John are now deceased and their remains were interred near Knox City, in Knox county, Missouri. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Payne has been blessed with two sons and two daughters : Mabel F., born December 24, 1898; Ray A., who was born November 16, 1902, and died February 16, 1903 : Owen E., who was born January 5, 1903, and died October 9, 1905, his grave being made in Samuel Taylor cemetery, while Ray was buried in the Rockport cemetery ; and William E., who was born July 18, 1905. In his political views Mr. Payne is an earnest and stalwart republican but while in thorough sympathy with his party and its principles he has never sought office as a reward for party fealt}-. He belongs to the ^Modern Woodmen of America but his time and attention are chiefly given to his farm interests, which are capably conducted, his early experience making him a ])ractical representative of this line of work in his native county. GEORGE WASHINGTON AKERS. George Washington Akers, who is conducting the only freighting business in Pearl, was bom in Montgomery count}', Virginia, November 9, 1850, upon a farm belonging to his father, Wil- liam Akers. The latter on leaving the Old Do- minion removed with the family to Washington county, Missouri, settling in the town of Cale- donia in 1855. There he engaged in general agri- cultural pursuits until 1861, when he responded to the country's call for aid, enlisting in Company I, Third Missouri Volunteer Infantry, under com- mand of Captain Breckenridge and Colonel PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 709 Whiteley. He served until the close of the war and took an active part in many of the conspicuous battles. At the siege of Vicksburg he picked up the flag and placed it upon the wall after the color bearer had been shot down. His clothes were pierced by nine bullets, but he sustained no wounds. However, he became ill while iri the service and never fully recovered his health. His bravery and loyalty were above question and his interest in the Union cause was manifested by his unfaltering fidelity. Returning to the old homestead in Caledonia, his death there occurred, and he was buried in that locality. Soon after- ward his wife, with their five children, of whom our subject was the eldest, removed to Martins- burg, Pike county, in 1865. She rented a farm a mile and a half from Martinsburg, where she lived with her family for four years, the chil- dren attending school in the neighborhood. These were : George W., Charles, Monroe, Maggie and William Akers. The mother now re- sides in Pearl with her son George at the age of seventy-six years and was for many years received a pension from the government because of her husband's service in the Civil war. During the residence of the family in Martins- burg, George W. Akers of this review engaged in performing many farm duties and from 1869 until 187s he was employed as a jockey in Pike, Greene and Calhoun counties and also rode some famous horses in California for Benjamin Stewart, the owner of some noted race horses. In 1876 he returned to this county, settling in the village of Pearl, where he has since resided. In November of the same year Mr. Akers was imited in marriage to Miss Dora Allen and unto them were born five children, of whom three are living: William E., Charles F.and Flora. Of these William E. Akers married Bertha Cloninger and they became the parents of one child, Edith M. Charles F. married Helen Lacy and they became the parents of one child, Temperance I. Flora is the wife of William Manhana and has two chil- dren : Walter R. and Icel E. Manhana. The other two children of the Akers family were twins and died at birth and the mother's death also occurred the same time. On the 7th of November, 1886, Mr. Akers was again married, his second union being with Lillie May Miller, by whom he had ten chidren, of whom nine are yet living, as follows : Arnold, Ina, Sadie C, Raymond L., Dicy E., Benjamin, Virden A., Herbert and Mabel J. The other child died at birth. Mr. Akers is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge. No. 125, at Pearl, which he joined upon its organization in 1891. He has made his own way in life and is respected by all who know him for what he has accomplished. Since 1905 he has conducted a transfer business and is the only representative of this line in Pearl. MRS. IZORA A. DEAM. Mrs. Izora A. Deam, residing on sections 15 and 16, Atlas township, was born January t, 1856, in Martinsburg township. Pike county, and is the widow of the late William L. Deam. Her par- ents were Samuel D. and Anna (Cook) Capps, the former a native of Missouri and the latter of Ten- nessee. The father during his infancy was brought to Martinsburg township, Pike county, by his parents, Daniel and Elizabeth Capps. The former was a farmer by occupation, and located on a tract of land in Martinsburg township, where he engaged in the tilling of the soil and the culti- vation of crops up to the time of his death. He was a very earnest advocate of the cause of tem- perance, and was often heard upon that subject upon the lecture platform. He was married twice, wedding Miss Butler after the death of his first wife. By the first marriage there were two children, a daughter and son, and by the second marriage there were two sons and six daughters. At his death Daniel Capps was laid to rest in a grave in Colorado, having gone to that state dur- ing the gold excitement at Pikes Peak. His first wife was buried in the Burbridge cemetery near Martinsburg, Illinois, and his second wife was laid to rest in the same cemetery. Samuel Capps, father of Mrs. Deam, was reared upon the old homestead farm in Martinsburg township amid pioneer conditions and surroundings for the family lived here in early days. He was edu- cated in the district schools in Martinsburg and 710 PAST AND' PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. was a shoemaker by trade. He was only fifteen years of age at the time of his father's death, and he g'reatly aided his mother in caring for his younger sisters and brothers, and in attending to the farm duties. Having reached mature years he wedded Anna Cook, and they became the parents of eight children, of whom Mrs. Deam was the second in order of birth. There were four sons and four daughters, as follows : Daniel G., Izora A., Netha A., Clara A., Stephen A., Marcus I., Leah Phenia and Samuel D. Of these Daniel, Stephen, Leah Phenia and Samuel are deceased, the first three having been buried in the Black Oak cemetery in Martinsburg township, while Samuel was laid to rest in the Mason graveyard near Nebo, Illinois. In the latter part of his life Samuel D. Capps gave his entire attention to farming and stock-raising, and his earnest and well directed efforts brought to him a good living and enabled him to provide his family with many of the comforts of life. His birth occurred May ID, 1829, in ^lissouri, and he passed awav in this county, April i, 1873, his remains being interred in Black Oak cemetery. His wife, who was born January 28, 1832, in Tennessee, now survives him at the age of seventy-four years and makes her home in Nebo, Illinois, with her daughter, Mrs. Clara A. (Capps) Gaw. Mrs. Deam, spending her girlhood days in her parents' home, acquired her education in the Black Oak schoolhouse in her native township, and un- der her mother's guidance she was trained to the work of the household, so that she was well qualified to take charge of a home of her own at the time of her marriage. On the 9th of October, 1879, she wedded William L. Deam, a son of David W. and Sarah C. (Deal) Deam. His fa- ther was one of Pike county's prominent farmers and stock-raisers. He was born January 10, 1831, in Montgomery county, Ohio, and was a son of Henry and Susan (Kiser) Deam, also natives of the Buckeye state. In his early manhood David W. Deam joined the Order of Odd Fellows and transferred his membership to Illinois when he came from Ohio to this state in 1856, but per- mitted his membership to lapse when sickness and infirmities of age came upon him. He was married Alarch 2t,. 1844, to IMiss Sarah Caroline Deal, the wedding ceremony being performed by the same minister who had christened him, and for whom he was named. By this union there were four children : Mary A., now Mrs. Brock ; William L. ; Dora B. ; and Warren G. Of the number Dora died w'hen eighteen years of age, and Warren G. married Helen Williams, while William L. married Izora A. Capps. In Febru- ary, 1902, David Deam suffered a severe attack of illness, form which he never fully recovered, remaining in an invalid condition up to the time of his death, which occurred August 24, 1905. He is survived by his widow, his daughter, Mrs. Brock, his son, Warren G. Deam, and his grandson. Homer D. Deam, a son of our subject, besides six other grandchildren and Lewis Deam, a brother, v/ho resides in Dayton, Ohio. His daughter Dora, had died February 24, 1876, and his son, William L. Deam, on the i6th of April, 1902. David Beam had lived continuously at his home in Summer Hill from 1867 and in the years in which he enjoyed good health he ranked among the prominent citizens of Pike county and was classed with her representative men. He was buried in the family lot in the West cemetery at Pittsfield. L^nto Mr. and Mrs. William L. Deam was born but one child, Homer David Deam, whose birth occurred June 19, 1893, and he now resides with his mother on the home farm in Atlas township. The father, William L. Deam, had been educated in the district schools of Summer Hill, had been reared to farm life upon his father's place and had remained at home until he made his first pur- chase of land of sixty-two acres about 1880. This tract was situated on section 21, Atlas township. At this time he was married, and as his financial resources increased he added to his property from time to time until at his death he owned an es- tate of six hundred acres of very valuable land, which is now in possession of his widow. Of this sixty-two acres is very rich and productive bottom land and the remainder is as good rich farming land as can be found in Pike county. William L, Deam was one of the prosperous and enterprising agriculturists of the county, making rapid advancement in his business career. Each step was carefully and thoughtfully made and PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 711 after forming his plans lie was deterinined in their execution. He was never known to misuse a pubHc trust or betray the confidence of a friend and it was through honorable, straightforward business methods that he won his prosperity. In his political views he was a stalwart republican, interested in the success of his party and at the time of his death he was serving as road commis- sioner of Atlas township. He always stood in the front rank of those who desired the good and welfare of the community and was popular with every one, his friends being almost as numerous as the number of his acquaintances. In the midst of a prosperous career and happy home life he was called to his final rest April 16, 1902, being then but forty-five years of age, for his birth had occurred on the 27th of September, 1856. Plis loss was deeply deplored by many warm friends as well as his immediate family, the com- munity mourning the loss of a representative citizen, his lodges a faithful member and his fam- ily a devoted husband and father. He belonged to the Masonic order, the Modern Woodmen camp and the Pike County Mutual Association. He was laid to rest in the West cemetery at Pitts- field and his memory is yet cherished by many who knew him. Mrs. Deam has always lived in this county, representing old pioneer families, through her own as well as her husband's rela- tions. She and her son still reside upon the farm, which her husband left to her, and Mrs. Deam has many friends in the county. NELSON McCANN. Nelson McCann, a veteran of the Civil war residing in Rockport, was born in Jackson county, Ohio, March 17, 1833, and is a son of James and Polly (Thompson) McCann. The father was a native of Virginia, where he carried on business as a planter, but his last days were spent in White county, Illinois, and his remains were interred at Carmi, White county. His wife died when their son Nelson was but three weeks old and the place of her burial is unknown to him. When about nine years of age Nelson McCann was bound out to John Pyles, of White county. Illinois, previous to "his coming to Pike county. He was to serve until twenty-one years of age, but he remained with Mr. Pyles only until his eleventh year, when he ran away and hired out as a steamboat employe on the Pike No. 9. He was thus engaged for about three years, after which he went to Memphis, Tennessee, where he secured employment on the plantation of Levi Lorance, with whom he continued for about four years, being engaged in general work on the plantation. In 1858 he returned northward, making his way to Pittsfield, and soon he secured employment with John Coulter, a farmer, with whom he remained for nearly three years, or until after the outbreak of the Civil war. Mr. McCann had watched with interest the progress of events in the south and had noted the dissatisfaction manifested among the slave holders and resolved that if a blow was struck to overthrow the Union he would stand for its defense. Accordingly after the inauguration of hostilities he enlisted and became a member of Company B, Third Missouri Volunteer Cavalry in April, 1862. He then took part in the battles of Kirkville, Missouri, Moores Mill and various skirmishes and was mustered out at Macon, Mis- souri, where he received an honorable discharge on the 6th of June, 1865, after more than three year's active connection with the army. At the end of the -war he returned to Rockport and on account of a wound sustained at Pattersonville, Missouri, which incapacitated him for further labor he has largely lived retired since that time, the government granting him a pension. In April, 1861, Mr. McCann was united in marriage to Martha (McMullen) Roan, the widow of Jacob Roan, of Rockport, Illinois, and a daughter of John and Lavina McMullen. Unto them have been born five children : John, de- ceased ; Mary, who is the wife of J. C. Wilson, of Rockport, and has six children, Ernest, Ida, Louis, Goldie, Mattie and Hugh Wilson ; Hen- rietta, the wife of W. J. Petty, by whom she has two children, Maud and Nelson Petty ; General Francis McCann, who is deceased, and, like his brother John, was laid to rest in the Taylor cemetery near Rockport ; and William McCann, who married Ida Hilman and had seven children. 7K PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. of whom five are living — Nelson, George, Mary, Paul and Martha. The two deceased died un- named in infanc)' and were buried in the Taylor cemetery. Mr. McCann of this review now has thirteen living grandchildren. He and his es- timable wife reside in Rockport, the former at the age of seventy-two years and the latter at the age of seventy-one. They have now traveled life's journey together for forty-five years, shar- ing with each other its hardships, its joys, its adversity and prosperity, its sorrows and its hap- piness. They are highly esteemed by all who know them and Mr. McCann is a worthy mem- ber of the Grand Army of the Republic, thus maintaining pleasant relationship with his old armv comrades. WILLIAM H. YOKEM. William IT. Yokem, devoting his attention to farming in Ross township, is part owner of a valuable farm of three hundred and twentv acres of fine bottom land. In the ownership and con- trol of this property he is associated with his brothers. J. D. and S. O. Yokem. He was born in .\tlas township. May 30, 1874. a son of Henry F. and Hattie A. (Weaver) Yokem. The father died in October, 1890, and was laid to rest in the AA^ells graveyard but the mother is still surviving and resides at Pleasant Hill with her youngest son, Solomon O. Yokem. There were five chil- dren in the family. Zula, who died in infancy and was buried in the A¥ells graveyard near Pleasant Hill : AA^Iliam H., of this review : Catherine B. ; Jesse D. ; and Solomon O. William H. Yokem acquired his education in the district schools of Atlas and Ross townships. He was reared upon his father's farm and as- sisted him in the work of cultivating the land and caring for the crops until his eighteenth year, at which time the father died. He then took charge of the property, S(i continuing until his twentA'- fifth year, during which time his grandfather, AVilliam Yokem,. died and deeded three hundred and twenty acres of land to our subject, his two brothers and his sister. The brothers then pur- chased the sister's interest and are now the own- ers of three hundred and twenty acres of land in Pike county. Mr. Yokem of this review also con- ducted this farm as well as the home farm up to the time of his marriage. On the 24th of December, 1899, occurred the marriage of William H. Yokem and Miss Jennie E. Thompson, a daughter of James B. and Mary L. (Mooney) Thompson. The father is a native of Pike county, where he has spent his entire life and at the present is engaged in farm duties on our subject's farm. He is a member of the Mod- ern Woodmen camp and the Mutual Protective League and his political allegiance is given to the republican party. Unto him and his wife were born two children, Mrs. Yokem and her sis- ter Laura, who was born September 23, 1886, and died April 19, 1893, her remains being in- terred in the Balls Blufif cemetery near Atlas, Illinois. The mother, Mrs. Thompson, is a native of Tennessee and is now making her home in St. Louis. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Yokem have been born four children, two sons and two daughters, name- ly : Solomon, born November 26, 1900; Hallie B., born June 14, 1902 ; Mary, December 26, 1903 ; and Henry, on the 4th of September, 1905. Politically Mr. Yokem is a republican, who has always been identified with the party since age conferred upon him the right of franchise. His attention has ever been given to his farm work and his agricultural interests are capablv man- aged, the farm being a valuable property well improved. WILLIAM P. SARGENT. William P. Sargent is one of the old settlers of Bedford deserving honorable mention in the pages of Pike county's history. He was born December 31, 1824, in Worcester county, ^Massachusetts, and has therefore passed the eighty-first milestone on life's journey. His parents were William and Polly (Frost) Sargent. The father was born, reared and educated in Worcester county, Massa- chusetts, and afterward turned his attention to PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 713 farming, devoting his time and energies to that pursuit for ten years. When his son Wilham P. was a youth of twelve years he removed with his family to Illinois, settling at Summer Hill, Pike county, where he rented a farm, carrying on general agricultural pursuits in that locality up to the time of his death, which occurred about a half mile from Bedford, when he was fifty- three years of age. his remains being interred in Bedford cemetery. His wife also died at the same place and her grave was made by the side of her husband's remains. She was sixty-three years of age at the time of her demise. William P. Sargent acquired his early educa- tion in the public schools of his native county and continued his studies in Summer Hill. He was reared to farm life and in 1856 he went to Whiteside county, Illinois, where he secured em- ployment as a farm hand, remaining there for seven weeks. He was afterward similarly em- ployed by Elijah Burnham, of Pike county, with whom he continued for three months, when he entered the employ of Cyrus H. Chandler, with whom he remained until 1854. In the meantime he married Mr. Chandler's daughter, Eliza E. Chandler, the wedding being celebrated on the 5th of January, 1853. Her great-grandfather, David Chandler, was at the time of the outbreak of the Revolutionary war, in Canada. He was sitting at the breakfast table when a British offi- cer came and notified him to join the British ' ranks or else leave for the United States. He abruptly quitted the table without finishing his breakfast and at once came to this country, where his descendants have since remained as worthy residents of the United States. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Sargent were David and Hannah (Abbott) Chandler, and the former built the second saw and grist mill in Pike county, its location being on Six Mile creek. He died in 1845, while his wife passed away in 1848, and both were buried in the Bethel graveyard at Martinsburg. The parents of Mrs. Sargent were Silas A. and Laura K. (Coleman) Chandler, who were married March 5, 1835. Her father was engaged in milling and farming up to the time of his death, which occurred when he was fifty-two years of age. His wife also passed away in Bedford and was laid to rest by his side in Bed- ford cemetery. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Silas Chan- dler were born seven children : Harriet E., now Mrs. Sargent; David, deceased, who was laid to rest on the old homestead farm near Summer Hill ; Josiah C. ; Hannah M., who died and was buried in Bedford cemetery ; Silas E. ; Mary A., whose remains were also interred in Bedford cemetery ; and John W. Chandler. Following his marriage Mr. Sargent built a home in Bedford and afterward worked in his father-in-law's mill there for several years. He assisted in laying the foundation as well as build- ing the mill, doing this work in 1852. During that time he was also a partner in a general mer- cantile store in Time, so continuing for six months, after which he sold his interest. He next turned his attention to flat-boating on the Illinois river but after two months returned to the mill, with which he was connected for several years or until the death of his father-in-law on the 20th of September, 1864. Mr. Sargent then pur- chased the interests of the other heirs in the mill and removed to the old Chandler homestead, where he and his wife now reside. He gave his attention to farming and for many years exten- sively carried on general agricultural pursuits. He has led a life of intense and well directed ac- tivity and his unfaltering diligence and persever- ance constitute the secret of his success. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Sargent have been born nine children: William O., Laura A., Mary E., Silas O., Arthur F., Harriet F., Martha F., Frank and Sarah O. Of these six have now- passed awa)^ and they are mentioned in order of death as follows: Mary E., Laura A., Silas O., Arthur E., Frank and Sarah, all of whom were laid to rest in the Bedford cemetery. The first born son, William O. Sargent, was born June 18, 1855, in the house which his father had built in 1854. The family removed to the old Chan- dler homestead when he was twelve vears of age and there he was reared. He married Ella A. Morgan, a daughter of Walter and Catharine Morgan and they now occupy the old home- stead which was built by his father. William O. Sargent has for twelve years been agent for the Eagle Packet Company, whose boats ply between 714 PAST AND, PRESENT .OF PIKE COUNTY. St. Louis and Peoria. Harriet E. Sargent was married March 1 1, 1884, to Thompson A. Lan- dess and they have three children, Wilham A., Jessie E., and Gladys A. Their home is two and a half miles southeast of Milton. Martha E. Sargent was married December 20, 1898, to John A. Bauer and they have one child. Their home is about two and a half miles southeast of Milton and just across the road from the Landess farm. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sargent are still living upon the old Chandler homestead, he having reached the advanced age of eighty-one years, while his wife is now sixty-nine years of age. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and they are worthy and prominent couple, the circle of their friends being almost co-extensive with the circle of their acquaintances. Mr. Sar- gent is one of the oldest settlers of Bedford and has witnessed the greater part of the develop- ment and growth of this county, taking an active interest in what has been accomplished and sup- porting in as far as possible every measure which he has deemed of public benefit. CHARLES L RUPERT. Charles L Rupert, whose activity in business has been a potent element in the commercial prog- ress of Rockport, is well known as a member of the firm of Haines, Rupert & Company. He was born November 6, 1858, in the town where he yet makes his home, his parents being James D. and Elizabeth (Applegate) Rupert. His father was born in Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, on the i2th of January, 1825, and became a resi- dent of Pike county in 1838, when but twelve years of age, accompanying his parents on their removal to this section of the state. The name Rupert therefore has been associated with the history of Pike county through almost seven de- cades and has always stood as a synonym for good citizenship and for loyalty to progressive public measures. His education was obtained in one of the old-time log schoolhouses and he afterward learned the blacksmith's trade. Li 1850 he crossed the plains to California with the great tide of emigration that was constantly flowing westward and working at blacksmithing in Sacra- mento until 1853, when he again came to Pike county. In 1854, however, he returned to Cali- fornia and again followed his trade there for about a year but in 1855 once more came to Pike county. Unto him and his wife were born three children : a daughter wIto died in infancy unnamed; Carson N., who died Eebruary 26, 1897, and was buried in the Adams cemetery at Atlas, Pike county ; and Charles I., of this review. The wife and mother died when fifty-three years of age and was also laid to rest in the Adams ceme- tery at Atlas. Later the father married again, his second union being with Miss Ellen L. Haines, who is yet a resident of Rockport. The father, however, died in this village, nearing his seven- tieth year and the interment was made in Adams cemetery. Charles I. Rupert acquired his preliminary edu- cation in the public schools of Rockport, and later entered the Illinois College at Jacksonville, where he completed the work for the sophomore year. He was a classmate of Ex-Governor Richard Yates, of Illinois, and Ex-Congressman Williams, of Pike county, and William Jennings Bryan was a student in the college at the same time. After leaving Jacksonville, Mr. Rupert became a fac- tor in business life in Rockport as a member of the mercantile firm of Rupert & Donohoe. This vras formed in 1878, and the relation was maintained until 1889, at which time a change in the part- nership occurred, and the firm style of J. D. Ru- pert & Son was assumed, our subject becoming a partner of his father. They carried on business together until February, 1891, at which time a dis- astrous fire destroyed their store and its contents, and the succeeding four years were spent in set- tling up the business of the firm. On the 8th of January, 1895, the elder Mr. Rupert died, and subsequent to his death, Cliarles I. Rupert pur- chased an interest in the mercantile store of An- derson, Taylor & Company, at which time the name of Anderson, Rupert & Company was as- sumed, the partners being H. L. Anderson, H. W. Haines, W. J. Garner and Charles I. Rupert. The firm continued to do business under that name until the summer of 1897, when the partner- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 715 ship was dissolved and the business closed out. At that time Charles I. Rupert entered into part- nership with his stepmother, Mrs. E. L. Rupert, and his half-brother, H. W. Haines, the business being carried on under the firm name of Haines & Rupert for several j^ears ; but the present firm style is Haines, Rupert & Company. They carry a very large line of goods, embracing everything found in a general store, and their business has increased year by year until it has assumed quite extensive proportions. Mr. Rupert also has quite valuable farm interests, principally in Atlas town- ship. He has spent his entire life in Rockport and has taken a deep and helpful interest in every- thing pertaining to the welfare of his town, county and state. His co-operation has been a strong, directing force in many movements for the gen- eral good. In matters relating to private business interests and to public concern his views are pene- trative and practical, and his labors have been a beneficial and resultant element. Politically he is a republican, having always affiliated with that party. CHARLES E. THURMON, M. D. Dr. Charles E. Thurmon is a well known rep- resentative of the medical fraternity in Milton and in his practice has advanced beyond medi- ocrity and become recognized as a capable expo- nent of the great scientific principles which under- lie his chosen profession. He was born July 25, 1853, near Milton and is a son of William H. and Lucy L. (Smith) Thurmon. His father came to Pike county in the early '40s with his parents and both Mr. and Mrs. William H. Thurmon are now living upon the old family homestead near Milton, his life having been given to agri- cultural pursuits, his well improved farm being the visible evidence of his activity and energy in former years. Dr. Thurmon was reared to the occupation of farming and assisted in the labors of field and meadow until his twentieth year, at which time he obtained a certificate to teach school. He spent the following ten years as an instructor in the country and graded schools of Pike county and was an able educator, imparting with clearness and readiness to others the knowledge that he had acquired. During the latter part of the dec- ade he took up the study of medicine under the instruction of Dr. Evan Scott, of Time, and afterward attended a full course of lectures in Missouri Medical College of St. Louis, Missouri, and was graduated in the class of 1885. He en- tered upon the active practice of his profession in Pearl, Pike county, where he also conducted a drug store for six and a half years. On the ex- piration of that period he retired from mercan- tile life to devote his attention exclusively to his professional duties and removed to Milton, where he has since practiced with gratifying success, having a large and growing patronage. He has kept in touch with the advancement made by the medical fraternity and in addition to a large pri- vate practice he was acting as railroad surgeon for the Chicago & Alton Railroad during his residence in Pearl. He was the originator and proprietor of a tobacco cure that is fast gaining wide-spread reputation. Dr. Thurmon was married December 18, 1888, to Miss Mary B. Hayden and unto them have been born two children : Charles R., who died in infancy ; and Edward V. Thurmon, who is living with his parents in Milton. The Doctor is a mem- ber of Milton lodge, No. 275, A. F. & A. M., and also of the Modern Woodmen camp. Of strong- mentality and earnest purpose, he has advanced in his profession until he ranks among the leading members of the medical fraternity and moreover by a genial manner, unfailing courtesy and defer- ence for the opinions of others he has gained a wide and favorable social acquaintance. MRS. EMMA J. BROWN. Mrs. Emma J. Brown, residing in Atlas town- ship, was born in Pennsylvania, July 20, 1844, and is a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Hag- erty) Lutz. Her parents left the Keystone state when their daughter was but six years of age, and made their way direct to Pittsfield, Pike county, Illinois, where Mrs. Brown was educated. yi6 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Her father was a carpenter by trade and followed that pursuit up to a short time prior to his death. His wife passed away in Pittsfield in 1853 and was buried in the South cemetery, while Mr. Lutz departed this life in 1883 in Summer Hill, and his remains were interred by the side of his wife's grave. Emma J. Lutz spent her girlhood days in her parents' home, and on the 5th of February, 1862, she gave her hand in marriage in Rockport, Illi- nois to Roger Sherman Brown, who was born in Missouri, September I, 1838. He was a Mis- sissippi river pilot, and made trips mostly between St. Louis, Missouri, and St. Paul, Minnesota. He engaged in steamboating up to the time of his illness, which was terminated in death at Summer Hill on the 29th of June, 1901, his remains being interred in the cemetery at that place. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Brown had been born seven children: Sherman H., deceased; Charles M. ; Addie May, who has also passed away ; Walter P.; Emma M., likewise deceased; Lizzie B. ; and W. Robert Brown. Of these Sherman H. died February 2, 1895, and was buried in Summer Hill cemetery, while Addie M. passed away Au- gust II, 1899, and Emma on the 22d of July, 1895. All were interred in Summer Hill ceme- ter)', where the remains of the father were also laid to rest. Of the surviving children, Lizzie became the wife of Clarence Wassell, who is a general merchant of Summer Hill, Illinois. He was born October 31, 1880, in New Hartford, Pike county, and is a son of James aJid Emma (Bentley) Wassell. His father, a native of Ohio, is now a farmer of New Hartford, Illinois, and was there married, since which time he and his wife have resided in New Hartford. Their son Clarence was educated in the schools of that town and in Brown's Business College at Jacksonville, Illinois. He had previously engaged in teaching at Stoney Point at the age of seventeen years. He left college in 1889, and afterward obtained a position as profit clerk with the Simmons Hard- ware Company, of St. Louis, Missouri, with which he continued for about three and a half years. Subsecjuently he opened a general mercan- tile store in Summer Hill, which he is now con- ducting, being one of the enterprising and suc- cessful merchants of that place. Previous to this time he married Miss Lizzie B. Brown, daughter of Captain R. S. and Emma (Lutz) Brown, the wedding being celebrated on the 15th of De- cember, 1900. By this union there have been born two children, a son and daughter: Clar- ence Dwight, who was born May 11, 1902; and Edna Elizabeth, born August 18, 1905. Mrs. Brown resides in Summer Hill with her daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Wassell, and is deeply interested in her little grandchil- dren, who contribute much to her happiness. DAVID A. WILLIAMS. David A. Williams, the subject of this sketch, was born in Davidson county. North Carolina, July 22, 1832. He was a grandson of Dora Wil- liams, who was a native of North Carolina, a sol- dier in the Revolutionary war, and a direct lineal descendant of the Williams family of Virginia, who came from England many years prior to the Revolution. John Anderson Williams, the father of David A., came with his family to Illinois in the fall of 1834, and settled on section 30 in De- troit township. Pike county, where he cleared the land, made a home, and reared his family of ten children. About 1849 he purchased a farm ad- joining the village of Detroit and resided on the same until 1866, when he removed to Sedalia, Missouri, where some of his children had pre- ceded him, and there he spent his last years, dy- ing in March, 1876. David A. Williams at an early age began farm- ing operations for himself and from the outset was a successful business man and soon became possessed of a valuable farm, on which he resided until his retirement from business and removal to Pittsfield in the fall of 1891, where he lived until his death, February 13, 1906. Plis marriage to Emily A. Hayden, a daughter of Lewis E. Hayden, of Newburg township, who was a na- tive of Kentucky, was solemnized May 10, 1854. To them were born eleven children, three dying in infancy, the remaining eight are: Mrs. H. D. Williams; W. E. Williams'; Mrs. D. F. Allen, DAVID A. WILLIAMS PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 719. whose decease occurred August 16, 1905; A. Clay ; David Lawson ; Dr. Hugh T. ; Lillian E. ; and Blanche N. His wife died March 15, 1896, and ten years later, after four years of failing health, due to a stroke of paralysis, he passed away peacefully, surrounded by a devoted family of children, who mourn the loss of a dutiful and affectionate father. By his death the county lost a good citizen ; one who always stood up boldly for the right as he saw it. He was a frank, plain-spoken man of strong character and detested shams and hypoc- risy wherever found. Public affairs were to him of great concern, and he always bore his part of the burden incident to good citizenship and the early development of the county. He was a democrat and took an active interest in politics, believing it to be a duty of every citizen to par- ticipate and have a voice in all matters affect- ing the public welfare. GEORGE W. ROBERTS. George W. Roberts, one of the oldest native sons of Pike county, and a resident of Pearl township, was born in Kinderhook township, De- cember 25, 1 84 1, and is descended from an old Virginian family. His paternal grandfather, George Roberts, was a native of Virginia, as was his wife, and he removed from the Old Domin- ion to Kentucky, when the latter state was a vast wilderness, with savage foes on every hand; and so numerous were the encounters with the red men, that the districts became known as "the dark and bloody ground." He assisted in open- ing up the wilderness to the advance of civiliza- tion, and co-operated with Daniel Boone and other sturdy pioneers in subjugating the coun- try, repelling the attacks of the savages and plant- ing the seeds of development and culture there. He became a resident of the settlement known as Boonesboro. Ezekiel Roberts, father of George W. Roberts, was born in Boone county, Kentucky, where he remained until seventeen' years of age, when he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he served an 36 apprenticeship to the blacksmith's trade, wrhich he carried on throughout his active business ca- reer. He died in Cincinnati, at the age of fifty- seven years, and his remains were interred there. He married Alvira Clarke, who died at Kinder- hook, Pike county, when about forty-eight years of age. Her mother was born in England and came to America with her parents before the Revolutionary war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ezekiel Roberts were born six children, namely : James D., Elizabeth, Mary, John, George W. and Cath- erine. .A.11 are now deceased with the exception of George W. and James, the latter a resident of Carson City, Nevada. He was one of the gold-miners of California of 1849, going to the Pacific coast from Kinderhook, and he is now deputy warden at the penitentiary at Carson City, Nevada. George W. Roberts, was reared to farm life; and pursued his education in the country schools of Pike county, where his parents had taken up their abode about 1833, being among the earliest settlers in the county. He began earning his own living by working as a farm hand ; and was thus employed until 1857, when at the age of sixteen years he became a river man, working on the steamers, rafts and woodboats for about five years or until 1862. In that year he was married to Miss Rowena Albert. It was not long afterward that Mr. Roberts enlisted in the Twentieth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, which was assigned to the Third Division, First Brigade, Seventeenth Army Corps, com- manded by General Frank P. Blair, of Missouri. He was with General Sherman's army on the celebrated march to the sea, which proved the weakness of the Confederacy. He served until hostilities were ended and was then mustered out in Chicago, in June, 1865. Returning to Pearl township, Mr. Roberts was engaged in merchandising, milling and farming up to the time of his retirement from active busi- . ness life in 1890. He now lives upon the old homeplace at Bee creek, and is in possession of a comfortable competence, which has been acquired entirely through his own labors. He gave close and unremittng attention to his business; and carefully directed his work until, as the year-. 720 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. passed, he had gained a capital that now enables him to enjov a well earned rest. j\Ir. Roberts is well known not only in Pike county but throughout the congressional district ; and the sterling traits of character, which he has ever manifested, have made him worthy the re- spect which is uniformly accorded him. The first of^cial position he ever filled was that of school director of district No. 3, in Pearl township, about 1873. He afterward served as constable of the township for four years, and was next chosen supervisor, which office he has filled, at various times, for twelve years. He was township col- lector for one term, and is assessor of Pearl town- ship, having been elected in 1905. He has al- ways affiliated with the democratic party, and is an ardent supporter of William Jennings Bryan. His official service has been characterized by un- questioned loyalty, as is indicated by the fact that he has been so long retained in office. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have been born eight children, all of whom are living, namely : Josephine, now the wife of T. B. Fisher; George E. ; John E. ; Mary ; W. J. : J. W. ; Florence, now the wife of J. A. Stillwell, of Pearl; and Virgil. Mary is the wife of T. J. Taylor and resides in St. Louis. The familv are a credit to the parents, the members being widely and favorably known in Pike county ; and Mr. Roberts, as one of the honored pioneer residents, public-spirited citi- zens and reliable business men, well deserves rep- resentation in this volume. ITENRY JASPER HAMNER. Henry Jasper Hamner, who follows farming on section 27, Atlas township, was born in Hardir, township on the 24th of October, 1859, and in his boyhood was sent to the district schools, and later continued his studies in Franklin county, Kansas. His parents were Henry and Afargaret (Black- ketter) Hamner. The father is a native of Indi- ana, having been born near Columbus, that state. He was reared to the occupation of farming, which he chose as a life work; and in the early '40s he came to Pike count)-, settling in Hardin township upon one hundred and sixty acres of good land. With characteristic energy he began the cultivation and development of this property, and throughout his entire life carried on the work of tilling the soil and gathering his crops. He was married to Miss Alargaret Blackketter be- fore he left Indiana, and ten children were born unto them, the subject of this review being the fifth in order of birth. The members of the family are as follows : Martha J. ; Francis M., deceased, who was buried in the Rose Hill cemetery near Nebo, Illinois ; Sarah R. ; George W., deceased, whose remains were interred at Muskogee, In- dian Territory ; Henry Jasper of this review ; Francis T. ; Rosa E., who at her death was laid to rest in the Ball Blufl cemetery near Atlas, Il- linois ; Joshua E. ; Thomas W. ; and Lucinda. The father of Henry J. Hamner died in the forty- seventh year of his age, and was buried in the Rose Hill cemetery near Nebo, Illinois. His wife survives him and resides with her son Thomas W. Hamner, of Nebo. Henry J. Hamner of this review spent his boy- hood days in the usual manner of farm lads, no event of special importance occurring to var\f the routine of such a life for him. He was mar- ried on the 22d of July, 1880, to Miss Belle Cline, a daughter of Taylor M. and Charlotte (Jen- kins ) Cline. Her father was a native of Indi- ana, and in i860 emigrated to Pike county, set- tling in Atlas township, where he engaged in farming for a year. He then removed to Mis- souri, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits for about twelve years. Later he went to Peoria, Illinois. Subsecjuently he removed to Pike county and afterward went to Peoria, in the Indian Territory, where he still carries on farming ; and he and his wife make their home in that place. Their daughter, Mrs. Hamner, was born in Columbus, Indiana, in June, i860, and when twenty years of age gave her hand in mar- riage to Mr. Hamner. By this union have been born five children, three daughters and two sons, namely : Henry T., born May 6, 1881 ; Rosa E., February 2"], 1884; Charles E., November 18, 1889; Edna L., October 8, 1891 ; and a daugh- ter who died at birth unnamed, and was buried in the Petty cemetery near Rockport. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 721 Mr. Hamner came to Atlas without a dollar, bringing a tent with hin; and living in it in Jocke\- Hollow in .Vtlas township through the greater part of one summer. He is truly a self-made man, acquiring his possessions entireh- through his own eiTorts. At the present time he is enjoy- ing a creditable and gratifying measure of pros- perity, having become the owner of a good tract of land, which he has placed under a high state of cultivation, so that he annually harvests good crops that bring him a very desirable financial return. He has not allowed himself to become discouraged and disheartened by an\- obstacles or difficulties in his path, but has regarded such as an impetus for renewed effort ; and his in- defatigable energy has been one of the strongest features in his success. In politics he has ever been a stalwart republican, and fraternally he is connected with the Modern Woodmen of Ameri- ica. He now has a large acquaintance in Pike county ; and no man is more deserving of repre- sentation in this volume, among its representative citizens, than Henry Jasper Hamner. ■ J. H. BILLINGS. Of the younger men who have won prominence in Pike county by reason of superior business ability, none are more deserving of mention in this volume than J. H. Billings, a capitalist of Rockport, who from a humble financial position has worked his way steadily upward, his business career being such as any man might be proud to possess. Characterized by strict adherence to the rules which govern unfaltering industry and unabating energy, he has so utilized his oppor- tunities that he stands today among the most suc- cessful business men of the western part of Pike county. He was born in Atlas township, near Rockport, on the 28th of February, 1864, and is a son of Samuel and Fannie (Bowman) Billings. The father was a native of Scott county, Illi- nois, and became a prominent farmer of Pike county. In 1884 he removed to Dutch creek, where he died in 1893, his remains being interred in the Tavlor cemetery, about four miles from Rockport. Flis wife survived until March 13, 1903, and died in Louisiana, Missouri, after which her remains were brought back to Pike county for burial by the side of her husband in Taylor cemetery. J. H. Billings is indebted to the country schools of his native township for the educational privi- leges he enjoyed. He was reared upon the home farm, and gave his entire attention to agricultural pursuits until 1895. In the meantime his earnest labor had brought him capital sufficient to justify his purchase of land ; and in the conduct of his farm he had acquired a handsome competence, which he saved, sufficient, in the year mentioned, to enable him to become a factor in the money- loaning interests of the county. In connection with other business aiTairs he became a financial broker ; and he now has at his command twenty thousand dollars, which he loans out from time to time on real estate, and chattel mortgages. He has also for ten years done a note-brokerage busi- ness, and is the owner of a well cultivated farm of seventy-eight acres, situated on Dutch creek, in Atlas township. His property holdings also embrace two of the best residences in Rockport ; and his real-estate business interests are the visible evidence of a life of well directed energy and thrift. He has been intimately associated in busi- ness affairs with Dr. J. H. Welch for some years. They were reared together, being playmates in their boyhood days ; and a warm friendship has since existed between them that has also been maintained in intimate relations in business af- fairs. The)- are now associated together in a number of business concerns. On the igth of October, 1904, Mr. Billings was married to Miss Minnie M. Miller, a daughter of Newton J. and Julia (Ward) Miller, both of whom were natives of Pike county, having been born in Atlas township. The father died in that township, near Rockport, April 10, 1891, and was buried in the W'est cemetery near Pittsfield. John Ward, the grandfather of Mrs. Billings, was a native of Ohio, and came to Pike county in 1844. He cast in his lot with the early settlers of Atlas township, where he followed the occupation of farming for many years. He died in that town- ship near Rockport, and his remains were in- 722 Py\ST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. terred in the Hornback cemetery, in Derry town- ship. His wife, Mrs. Rhoda Ward, was also a native of Ohio, and died at the age of seventy-five years on the same farm on which her husband's death occurred, her remains being then interred bv his side. In his -political views Mr. Billings is an earnest republican, having supported the party since at- taining his majority. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity and the Modern Woodmen camp, and is popular in both organizations. His life is a splendid illustration of what may be accomplished through energy, determination and laudable am- bition. In early manhood he worked for eight 3'€ars for William H. Gay, being employed by the month at a salary of from thirteen to twenty- four dollars per month. By the careful husband- ing of his resources and his sound business judg- ment, supplementing his unfaltering industry he stands today among the capitalists of the county, and is an honored representative of its financial interests. JAMES H. WELCH, M. D. Dr. James H. Welch, physician and surgeon at Rockport, was born in Louisville, Kentucky, Sep- tember 15, 1868. The family in America came originally from Ireland, the grandfather of Dr. Welch emigrating from the Green Isle of Erin to Bullitt county, Kentucky. Samuel Welch, his son and the father of Dr. Welch, was born in Bullitt county, and on attaining man's estate was married to a childhood's playmate. Miss Clemma McNutt, also a native of that county. He, too, was a physician of superior capability and learn- ing. Removing from Kentucky to Audrain coimty, Missouri, he was one of its earliest and most prominent practitioners. Dr. James H. Welch, spending his boyhood days in his parents' home, supplemented his early educational privileges by a partial classical course ,in the public schools of Louisville, Kentucky, and was graduated from the high school at Laddonia, Missouri, in 1885. He further continued his stu- dies in Lewis College in Glasgow, Missouri, in 1887, there pursuing a classical course. In the same year he took up the study of medicine. He may have been influenced concerning his choice of a profession by inherited tendency, by environ- ment or by natural predilection. At all events, it seems that the choice which he made for a life work was a very wise one, as he is well adapted for professional services in this capacity and has won creditable success. In 1888 he entered the Central L^niversity Hospital College of Medicine at Louisville, from which he was graduated in the class of 1891, the commencement exercises being held on the 17th of June of that year. A year prior to his graduation he had also attended Ma- rion Sims Medical College at St. Louis, Mis- souri, and was likewise graduated from that in- stitution in 1 89 1. Entering upon the practice of medicine in Vic- tor, ]\Iissouri, Dr. W'elch remained there for six months and in 1892 came to Rockport, where he has since remained in active practice. He is prac- tically a self-made man, for although he received some aid from his father in his college course, he afterward repaid him and therefore he owes his professional knowledge to his own industry and laudable ambition. Since becoming an active representative of the medical fraternity, he has made continued advancement, for he possesses a nature that could never content itself with me- diocrity. He has constantly endeavored to pro- mote his efficiency and knowledge of the science of medicine, and has won the esteem and respect of his brethren of the fraternity as well as of the general public. Dr. AVelch was married in 1892 to Miss ]\Iollie Donohoe, a daughter of Philip and Phila Dono- hoe. There were two children born of this mar- riage, Phila D. and Samuel P. The wife and mother died December 9, 1899, and was buried in the Taylor cemetery near Rockport. On the 14th of February, 1903, Dr. Welch wedded Miss Maud Harris, of Atlas, Illinois, and they enjoy the favorable regard of many friends in the com- munity in which they reside. Dr. Welch has an extensive practice in Atlas township, and other parts of the county. He possesses a genial, cordial nature which renders him a companionable gentleman ; and his cheery presence is a valuable supplement to his profes- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 723 sional skill in the sickroom. A gentleman of broad, general reading, as well as professional knowledge he keeps informed on all the ques- tions of interest of the day ; and his salient char- acteristics bear the stamp of "sterling." FREDERICK H. FARRAND. Frederick H. Farrand, a well known repre- sentative of the banking business in Griggsville, being the cashier of the Illinois A^alley Bank, was born in this city, April 24, 187 1, and is a repre- sentative in the eighth generation of the descend- ants of Xathaniel Farrand, the progenitor of the family in America, who in 1645 became a resi- dent of jMilford, Connecticut. At a more remote period the Farrands were a French Huguenot fam- ily, whose estates were forfeited in the persecu- tions of the sixteenth and early part of the sev- enteenth centuries. Some of the family, escap- ing from France, appear to have settled in Eng- land on the border of Wales, while others went to the north of Ireland; and it is believed that the Farrand family as represented in the line from which our subject springs, came from the branch that was established in Ireland. In France the name was sometimes spelled Ferrand. Nathaniel Farrand, the progenitor, was the father of Na- thaniel Farrand, second, and grandfather of Sam- uel Farrand, who toward the close of the seven- teenth century settled in Newark, New Jersey. His son, Ebenezer Farrand, lived in Bloomfield, New Jersey, and became the father of Bethuel Farrand, who enlisted with the New Jersey pro- vincial troops and held a commission as lieuten- ant, with which rank he commanded a company in the Revolutionary war. He lived in Parsippany, Morris county. New Jersey, and his wife was Rhoda (Smith) Farrand. Their son, Samuel Far- rand, settled in ^lichigan in 1835, and with his son shared in the hardships of frontier life there. Elbridge Gerry Farrand, son of Samuel Far- rand and father of our subject, was born in Bridgeport, Vermont, November 12, 1814, and died on the ist of May, 1885. He married Eliza- beth McWilliams, whose birth occurred at Scotch Ridge, Belmont county, Ohio, July 3, 1827, and she passed away on the 23d of January, 1903. An extended account of the parents is given in connection with the sketch of James A. Farrand on another page of this work. Frederick H. Farrand, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his early education in the public schools of Griggsville, and afterward was given an opportunity of at- tending the State University of Illinois at Cham- paign. In 1892 he became a factor in commercial circles in Griggsville, dealing in hardware. He conducted his store for about nine years or until 1901, when he sold out and in the following year joined his brother, James A., in the banking busi- ness, establishing the Illinois Valley Bank. He has since been its cashier, and has been active in its management. Already the bank has become a strong financial institution of the county, and has secured a gratifying patronage. On the 4th of October, 1893, Frederick H. Farrand was united in marriage to i\Iiss Anna- bel Parker, the wedding being celebrated at her home in Griggsville by the Rev. Poe, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Farrand was born April 16, 1870, a daughter of Colonel Ed- gar and Emily (Shinn) Parker, who were mar- ried October 8, 1850. Her father was born in Ypsilanti, Michigan, April 17, 1830, while the mother's birth occurred in Griggsville on the 5th of February, 1834. Mr. Parker came to Pike county in 1844 with his parents. He acquired a public-school education, and in 1848 he went to California. Following his return he was mar- ried and then gave his attention to agricultural pursuits. He has followed the business of an auctioneer for over forty years, and has gained a very wide and favorable acquaintance in this connection. He belongs to Griggsville lodge, No. 45, A. F. & A. M., being today the oldest living member of tliat organization. He also belongs to the ]\Iethodist Episcopal church, in which he has served as one of the trustees for many years, and in his political allegiance he is a stalwart repub- lican. There are few residents of Pike county who do not know Mr. Parker, and everywhere he is held in high esteem for his genuine worth, his genial disposition and his pleasant manner. His wife died November 4, 1881. In their family were 724 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. four children, three sons and a daughter : J. Fred, who was born June 30, 1857, and is en- gaged in the drug business in New London, Mis- souri ; Thomas O., who was born ]\''Iay 12, 1861, and died March 28, 1893; Lewis W., who was born May 18, 1866, and is engaged in farming in tliis township; and Annabel, born April 16, 1870, now the wife of Mr. Farrand. LTnto this marriage have been born two sons and a daugh- ter : Ralph P., born January 26, 1895 ; Elbridge, Kitchel, November 15, 1898; and Emily Eliza- beth, born December 31, 1900. Mrs. Farrand is eligible to membership in the society of the Daughters of the 2\merican Revolution. Mr. Farrand belongs to Griggsville lodge, No. 45, A. F. & A. M., in which he has served as master for twelve years, filling the position at the pres- ent time. Li politics he is a republican, and for four years has been alderman of Griggsville. He is a worthy representative of a prominent pio- neer family, the name of Farrand having been closely and honorably associated with the develop- ment, progress and upbuilding of Pike county for many decades. He has fully sustained the excel- lent reputation always borne by its members, and is today a leading business man of Griggsville, who, in the midst of a busy life, also finds time and opportunity to aid in the promotion of those measures which are calculated to prove of general good. DAVID SMITH. Divid Smith, a veteran of the Civil war, and a representative farmer of Montezuma township, where he owns and operates one hundred and forty-three acres of good land, was born in High- land county, Ohio, April 4, 1846, and is a son of William and Angelina (Landess) Smith. The father was a farmer by occupation, his death oc- curing in ITighland county when he was about sixty-five years of age. His wife died in the same county at the advanced age of eighty-six years. David Smith was .reared upon his father*'s; farm and pursued his education in the country schools of Highland county. He remained at home until 1864, when at the age of eighteen years he responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting for three years' service in the Second Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, with which he was con- nected until the close of the war. He took part in the battles of the Shenandoah valley, of Win- chester, Petersburg and others of lesser impor- tance. He was with Sheridan on his famous raid through the Shenandoah valley, after which he returned to the lines and two days later the regi- ment received re-inforcements and horses and made the attempt to get to Richmond. They tore up a part of the railroad track to Richmond, but before the work of demolition was accomplished the cit}' surrendered, and Mr. Smith and his company passed through Richmond and saw the house in which Jefferson Davis lived. Mr. Smith became ill and was sent to a hospital in Cincinnati, where he remained until his discharge in July, 1865, following the close of the war. He made a creditable military record as a brave and loyal soldier, displaying valor equal to that of many a veteran of twice his )'ears. After the war Mr. Smith resumed farming upon the old homestead in Ohio, where he re- mained until November, 1867, when he came to Pike county and settled in Montezuma township, where he has since followed farming. He now owns one hundred and forty-three acres of rich and productive land, which he devotes to general farming, and he annually harvests good crops which bring him a gratifying financial return. On the 20th of Februar)^, 1870, Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Mary Sweat, a daugh- ter of John and Rachel Sweat. Five children have been born of this marriage, of whom three are yet living : Ivy Jane, John W. and Laura L. Smith. Those deceased are Elmer, who was born in 1 871 and died in 1875 ; and Augustus, who died at birth. In 1894 Mr. Smith was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who passed awa}' on the 14th of October, of that j^ear, her remains being interred at Blue River, near the village of Detroit. Her loss was deeply regretted by man}- friends as well as her immediate family, be- cause she displayed sterling qualities that en- deared her to all with whom she was associated. Mr. Smith owes his success entirely to his well directed and earnest efforts. He has worked per- PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 725 sistently and energetically as the }-ears have gone by, and has acquired a good property, which in its neat and thrifty appearance indicates his careful supervision. Moreover in citizenship he is as true and loyal as when he followed the stars and stripes upon the battle-fields of the south. CHARLES HALL. Charles Hall, residing on section 34, Pearl township, has devoted his entire life to farming, and is an energetic, practical and progressive ag- riculturist. He was born November 6, 1872, in this county, his parents being Robert and Mary (Roberts) Hall. The father was a Kentuckian by birth, his natal year being 1821. He remained in Kentucky through the period of his minority, was reared to farm life and devoted his attention to the work of the fields tuitil his removal to Belle- view, Calhoun county, Illinois, where he again engaged in farming for about five years. On the expiration of that period he took up his abode on Bee creek, in Pike county, where he carried on general farming until his death, which oc- curred when he was sixty-four years of age, pass- ing away in 1885. His wife was born in Inde- pendence, Missouri, July 14, 1834, and gave her hand in marriage to Robert Hall on the 21st of March, 1854, the wedding being celebrated in Belleview, Calhoun county, Illinois. They be- came the parents of eight children, seven sons and one daughter, of whom Charles was the voungest. All are now living with the exception of James R., who died March 21, 1877, and Wil- liam T., whose death occurred on the 29th of De- cember, 1893. Those who still survive are: Ed- ward, George W., Frances E., John S., Lewis A. and Charles. The mother, Mrs. Mary Hall, died at the home of her son Charles November 9, 1904, when seventy years of age. The birth of Charles Hall occurred in Belle- view, Illinois, and he was reared upon his father's farm, acquiring his education in the country schools of Pike county. When fourteen years of age he began farming on his own account, and has devoted his entire life to general agricultural pursuits. He has always advanced, never mak- ing a backward step in his business career ; and he is recognized as an energetic and leading agri- culturist of his community. At the time of his father's death he took charge of the old home farm, comprising one hundred and sixty acres of as valuable and productive land as can be found in Pike count}-. Forty acres of this is covered with timber, mostly hard wood, including ash, oak and walnut. The remainder is under cultivation ; and the fields are richly tilled, producing excel- lent crops. Charles Hall was married April 22, 1896, to ;\Iiss Xervia Hahn, a daughter of Henry and Martha (Draper) Hahn. Her people \vere na- tives of New York and her ancestors were among the early Dutch settlers there. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hall have been born two daughters and a son: Pauline, born May 14, 1897; Anelda, born August 18, 1900; and Hulbert, October 8, 1903. The parents are members of the Christian church, and are most estimable people, enjoying the friendly regard of all with whom the)' have come in contact. Mr. Hall has spent almost his entire life in this county, and has made a credit- able record in business, winning advancement through his close application and diligence. WARREN DOYLE. Warren Doyle, a farmer and stock-raiser of Spring Creek township, is a self-made man, the analyzation of his life record showing that he has been dependent upon his own resources for all that he possesses ; and, that earnest, persistent effort has been the dominant element in his career. He was born in Hardin township, July 22, 1872, and has spent his entire life in Pike county. His parents were also natives of this county ; and the father is still living, but the mother passed away on the 6th of June, 1905. Mr. Doyle, of this review, is indebted to the public-school system of the county for the educa- tional privileges which he enjoyed in his youth. His attendance at school was alternated by his la- bors on the home farm through the sumnier 726 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. months, while his studies were pursued in the winter seasons. He has worked earnestly and per- sistently, early developing self-reliance and force of character that have enabled him to surmount all the difficulties and obstacles in his path. He is now the owner of two hundred acres of land, which he is carefully cultivating in order to bring it up to the highest possible state of productive- ness, his principal crops being wheat and corn. Cattle and horses and hogs are also raised; and he can accommodate during the winter thirty-five head of cattle and seven horses, having large barns and sheds upon his place. On the 29th of October, 1897, Mr. Doyle was united in marriage to Miss Elsie Smith, a daugh- ter of George and Mary (Phegley) Smith. She was born in this county, November 9, 1874, and by her marriage has become the mother of four children, namely : Mabel, Eula, Virgil and Euna Doyle. In his political views Mr. Doyle has always been a democrat, but without aspiration for of- fice, having found his time fully occupied with the management of his business affairs, and his close application and energy constitute the basic elements in his prosperity. He leads an active and busy life ; and the sure rewards of labor are his. ELMER SMITH. Elmer Smith, devoting his- life to general farm- ing, was born June 30, 1878, in Spring Creek township, and it is in this township that he is now carrying on his business interests. He is a son of George and Mary (Phegley) Smith. The father, also a native of Pike county, was a farmer by occupation, following that pursuit in order to provide for his family. He died in Spring Creek township, January 25, 1891, while his wife sur- vived until January 12, 1893. In their family were six children, three sons and three daughters : Elsie, the wife of Warren Doyle, who is repre- sented elsewhere in this work ; Melvin, who mar- ried Laura Ballenger ; Elmer, of this review ; Ella, the wife of Alvin Bunn ; Clema ; and Oscar, who married Verna Bobo. Elmer Smith, at the usual age, entered the com- mon schools near his father's home, and therein pursued his education. He was also trained to farm labor upon the old homestead. At his fa- ther's death he was only thirteen years of age, and was left an orphan at at the age of fifteen years. His brother-in-law, Warren Doyk, purchased the interests of the heirs in the old family homestead, and after holding the property for a time, sold it to our subject, who now has sixty acres of land here imder a high state of cultivation. He an- nually harvests good crops of corn and wheat, and he lias a well improved property, which he is improving as the years go by, and which in its neat and thrifty appearance indicates the careful ■ supervision of a painstaking owner. His political views accord with republican principles. He is well known in the community where his entire life has been passed and is best liked where best known. N. A. THORNTON. N. A. Thornton, an attorney-at-law and police magistrate at Milton, was born in Detroit town- ship, Pike county, December 25, 1839. He is a son of Larkin and Polly (Allen) Thornton, who were among the early settlers of Warren county, Kentucky. The paternal grandparents of Mr. Thornton were Aaron and Sarah (Evans) Thorn- ton, who settled in Warren county, Kentucky, about 1800, and afterward removed to Pike county, Illinois, becoming pioneer residents of this locality. They contributed to the early de- velopment and progress of the community, and continued residents of Pike county up to the time of their death. The maternal grandparents of Mr. Thornton were Zachariahand Dinah (Boone) Allen, who became residents of Boone county, Kentucky, when that state was a vast wilderness inhabited mostly by Indians, who were so hostile that the white settlers were obliged to live in block houses and to be constantly alert in order to protect themselves from the invasions of the red men. The grandmother, Dinah Boone Allen, was a niece of the noted hunter and explorer, Daniel Boone, who was the first to visit Kentucky PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 727 and make extensive explorations there. With her uncle and with his brother, Jonathan Boone, and his brother-in-law, Air. Calloway, she left Virginia at the age of seventeen years, the faniilv home being established in the neighborhood wherein Daniel Boone achieved world-wide fame, contributing so greatly to the world's history by his explorations in the Blue Grass state. It was Jonathan Boone and his wife who were the par- ents of Daniel Boone. In Kentucky she became the wife of Zachariah Allen. John Thornton and his wife, great-grandparents of our subject in the paternal line, became pioneer settlers in Texas, removing from North Carolina and Vir- ginia to the Lone Star state, living there under the rule of Governor Samuel Houston when Texas was a separate republic tmder its own flag, and became known by the name of the Lone Star- state, which has since clung to it. Zachariah Al- len, the maternal grandfather, was a Revolution- ary soldier, who served for seven years in the war for independence. He died in Pike county near Milton, and was buried in what is now known as the French cemetery near the town. Mr. Thornton has spent his entire life in this county, pursued his education in the public schools, and prepared for the practice of law, to which he has given his attention for a number of years. He has also served as justice of the peace in Detroit township for twelve years. JOHN J. BROWNING. John J. Browning, an honored veteran of the Civil war, now belonging to Hayes post. No. 477, G. A. R., of Summer Hill, Illinois, was born in Bracken county, Kentucky, December 13, 1838. When he was but fifteen years of age he was taken to Palmyra, Marion county, Missouri, bv his parents, Andrew and Alice (Chick) Browning, both of whom were natives of Bracken county. The father learned the distiller's trade and was employed in his grandfather's distillery up to the time he removed to Missouri, where he engaged in freighting prior to the advent of rail- roads. He took up his abode in that state in 1840, and continued to make his home there for some time ; but afterward returned to Kentucky, where he died in 1853. His wife long survived him and passed away in her ninetieth 3'ear, her remains being interred in Shelby county, Missouri. John J. Browning was reared in the usual man- ner of lads in a country town, and he acquired his education in Palmyra, Missouri. The first money he ever earned was secured by assisting in a livery business, in which he continued for about six years. In 1856 he came to Atlas town- ship. Pike county, and secured employment as a farm hand with William Dustin, a farmer of At- las township, with whom he remained for two years. He afterward began working for Henry H. Yokem, continuing upon his farm until i860, at which time he went to Pittsfield, remaining there until the 17th of August, 1861. His pa- triotic spirit being aroused by the attempt of the south to overthrow the Union caused him to ofifer his services to his country and he was sworn into the Union army at Camp Butler, Illinois, be- coming a member of Company B, Twenty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with which he re- mained for three years. During this period he participated in the battle of Fort Harmon, Ten- nessee, and the engagements at Shiloh, Corinth, Davis Bridge, Holly Springs, the siege of Vicks- burg, the battle of Jackson, ?\Iississippi, and af- terward returned to \'icksburg. Later he was in the engagement at Natchez, Mississippi, and then went with his regiment to Harrisburg, Louisiana, but the enemy evacuated before the arrival of the Union troops, so Mr. Browning, with his com- mand, returned to Natchez and then went to the Big Black River, nine miles from Vicksburg, where the regiment went into camp for the win- ter. When spring came they marched back to Vicksburg and embarked for Cairo, Illinois, where the Seventeenth Army Corps joined McPher- son's command and was reorganized. They took passage on steamboats going to Savannah, Ten- nessee, and marched to Kingston, Alabama, where Mr. Browning and his corps overtook Sherman's command and under the guidance of that bril- liant military leader engaged in the battle of At- lanta. At that time his term of service having expired, Mr. Browning returned to Springfield, 728 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Illinois, and was mustered out of service on the 26th of August, i8(')4. After the battle of Shiloh he was detailed from his regiment for detached service. When his term of enlistment had expired he returned to his home in Pike count}', Illinois; but tlie war was still raging, and he could not content himself to remain in the village while the safety of his country was imperiled, and on the 1 2th of October, 1864, he again enlisted, this time for one year's service, as a member of Company A. Thirty-second Illinois \'olunteer Infantry. He started to the front, but was delayed on account of illness, and did not reach his command in Ra- leigh, North Carolina, until the time of the sur- render of General Joe Johnston. With his com- mand he went to Washington, D. C, and took part in the grand review, the most celebrated mili- tary pageant ever seen on the western hemisphere. Not long afterward he became ill and was finally discharged August 2, 1865. ?ilr. Browning then returned to Pike county and took up his old occupation as a farm hand with Mr. Yokem, continuing with him for a short period. On the 14th of September, 1865, how- ever, he completed arrangements for having a home of his own b_\- his marriage to Miss Mar- garet J. Dunaven, a daughter of James Duna- ven, of A'irginia. His wife died August 6, 1866, and their only child, a daughter, died in infancy. On the 8th of April, 1868, Mr. Browning was again married, his second union being with Sarah T. Dunaven, a sister of his first wife. She died April 8th, 1869, and their son died at birth. On the 1st of June, 1869, Mr. Browning wedded Miss Sarah A. Carr, a daughter of John and Eliz- abeth Carr, and unto this union were born nine children, six sons and three daughters: Huey, born January 30, 1871 ; Fred K., born January 6, 1873 ; Elsie E., January 8, 1875 ; Mary J., Octo- ber 24, 1876; William R., August 6, 1878; Ho- mer C, May 24, 1880; Stella E., December 27, 1882: Nathan M., March 26, 1884; and Ernie, March 19, 1886. All are yet living but the mother, Mrs. Sarah A. Browning, passed away February 14, 1888. Mr. Browning has since married jMrs. Eliza Johnson, nee Waters, the widow of James S. Johnson. Her husband was a Civil war veteran, enlisting on the i8th of Febru- ary, 1865, and was discharged from service at Louisville, Kentucky, July 9, 1865. Politically Mr. Browning is a stalwart repub- lican, never faltering in his allegiance to the party since casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln in i860. In an active buiness career he has depended entirely upon his own re- sources and labors and has justly won the proud American title of a self-made man. JON W. BALLENGER. Jon W\ Ballenger operates one of the best farms in Spring Creek township. He was born Octo- ber 3. 1843, in Kenton county, Kentucky, and is a son of Benjamin and Mary (Lipscomb) Bal- lenger. The parents were natives of Kenton county, Kentucky, and the father engaged in the butchering business for a short time in Coving- ton, that state, after which he removed to Pike county, Illinois, settling in Pittsfield, where he conducted a meat market throughout almost the remainder of his active business career. However, about two years prior to his death he retired from butchering and engaged in farming. His death was occasioned by accident, his team running off while he was stacking wheat. He was born Sep- tember 10, 1819, and was killed when sixty-two years of age. His wife died in Kentucky in 1849. Jon W. Ballenger was educated in the public schools of Pittsfield, Illinois, and entered busi- ness life as an employe in his father's butcher shop, in which he continued until the business was closed out. He afterward turned his atten- tion to farming, and later he engaged in general agricultural pursuits and in butchering. How- ever, in 1885 he retired altogether from the latter trade, and has since given his undivided atten- tion to general agricultural pursuits. He now operates one of the best farms in Spring Creek township, and has made excellent improvements upon it since he rented it. He has about forty- five head of cattle and fifty head of hogs ; and in addition to raising stock, he makes a specialty of the production of corn. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 729 Mr. Balleno-er has been married twi He first wedded Miss Deborah Dow, a daughter of William and Sallie Dow, and unto them were born two children, a son and a daughter, Wil- liam and Sallie ISallenger. The latter is the wife of Reuben O'Donnell, and they reside in Shel- bina, ^Missouri, William Ballenger married Flor- ence Judd, and they make their home in Staun- ton, Illinois. The wife and mother died in Wil- son county, Kansas, in 1871. He afterward mar- ried again, his second union being with Virginia Chappell, who was born ]\Iay 11, 1853, and is a daughter of Hiram and Polly Chappell. Of this union there were born the following children : Annie, born September 8, 1874; Laura, Septem- ber 28, 1876; Hiram E., December 18, 1879; James C, January 28, 1881 ; Charlie F.,.who was born November 21, 1883, and died when a year old; Nellie, born November 22, 1885; Alva, Feb- ruary 5, 1889; Virgil C, October 31, 1898; and Walter F., January 26, 1894. In his political views Mr. Ballenger is a demo- crat, and has always affiliated with that party. He has not time nor inclination for office, however, but devotes his entire attention to his fanning interests, which are capably conducted. He is operating one of the best farms in Spring Creek township, and his labors are bringing him a good financial return. CHARLES BILLINGS. Charles Billings is a representative of com- mercial interests at Rockport, where he is en- gaged in the drug business. He also has the rural mail route of Rockport, and is a well known citi- zen of this part of the county. His birth oc- curred on the nth of March, 1868, in Atlas town- ship, his parents being Richard and Mahala J. (Payne) Billings. The father is a native of Hamilton county, Illinois, and for more than forty years has been living in Atlas and Derry townships, Pike county, his time and attention being given to farming. He now makes his home in Rockport ; and there, on the 7th of September, 1905, he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who was laid to rest in Taylor cemetery. Upon his father's farm Charles Billings was reared ; and his education was acquired in the country schools of the Taylor district and at Rockport. Between the ages of fourteen and twenty-one years he worked at farm labor, being in the employ of one man for three years. After he had attained his majority, wishing that his work might more directly benefit himself, he rented a farm in Derry township, where he car- ried on general agricultural pursuits for five years and later he followed the same calling in Atlas township. In 1902, however, he disposed of his agricultural interests in Pike county and removed to Pueblo, Colorado, where he was em- ployed in a steel works for a short time, and in a lumberyard for two and a half months. On the expiration of that period he returned to Atlas township, where he resumed farming ; but after a brief period he gave up farm life altogether and engaged in buying and shipping wheat for the firm of Haines, Rupert & Company, which he represented until the fall of 1902. He then ac- cepted a position as clerk in the large general store owned by that firm, and so continued until May, 1903. On the 22d of the same month he purchased the stock of drugs, stationery, paints, oils and tobacco from the firm of Miller & Gar- ner, and together with his sister. Miss Susie M. Billings, has since conducted the business, his sister becoming a partner in September, 1904. They carry a large and well selected line of goods and are now enjoying a large and growing trade. Air. Billings is also a stockholder in the Rock- port Percheron Horse Company, and is agent for the American Insurance Company of Newark, New Jersey. He has filled a number of public offices, acting as clerk in the postoffice in con- nection with the management of his mercantile interests for a year and a half. He then took a civil service examination for rural mail-carrier at Pittsfield, passing at a grade of eighty-nine and five-eighths per cent in all the c|uestions asked. He received the appointment and entered upon the discharge of his duties October i, 1904. On the 5th of October, 1905, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Billings and Miss Georgiana Prvor, a daughter of George and Fanny Pryor, of Rockport, Illinois. Her parents are both de- ceased. Politically Mr. Billings is a republican, and has always taken an active interest in the 730 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. work of the part\-. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, affihated with lodge No. 830, at Rockport, and he likewise belongs to the Modern Woodmen camp. He is in the best sense of the term one of Pike county's self-made men, and has early in life established a good business and won for himself a creditable position in trade circles, so that it is safe to predict for him a still more prosperous future. CHARLES A. CHARLTON. Charles A. Charlton, a veteran of the Civil war and an enterprising farmer living on section I, Belleview township, Calhoun county, near the Pike county line, and who at one time made his home in Pike county, was born in Martinsburg township on the 13th of January, 1847, represent- ing one of the pioneer families of this part of the state. He was reared to farm life, pursued his ■education in the early district schools ; and when not occupied with his text-books gave his at- tention to the work of the fields. He was thus engaged until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he enlisted for one hundred days' service as a member of Company G, One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois A'olunteer Infantry, join- ing his company at Pittsfield. With his regiment he went to the front and continued there during the term of his enlistment, being mustered out and honorably discharged at Springfield, Illinois. Following the close of the war, Mr. Charlton returned to Pike county, where he was emploved at farm labor by others for a time. As a compan- ion and helpmate on life's journey, he chose Miss Louisa J- Kirk, whom he wedded on the 15th of October, 1867. L^nto themwereborn five children: Annie E., Nellie L., Gertie, Pearl L. and George J. Charlton. Of these Annie and George are now deceased. Following his marriage Mr. Charlton rented his father-in-law's farm,, and continued the cultivation and improvement of that place for about fourteen years. He then removed to Cal- houn county, Illinois, settling in Belleview town- ship, where he has continued farming up to the present time. He lias here a well developed tract of land, having brought his fields under a high state of cultivation. He used the latest improverl machinery for plowing and planting his land and caring for the crops, and everything about his place indicates his careful supervision and prac- tical methods. On the 20th of November, 1893, Mr. Charl- ton was called upon to mourn the loss of his first wife. Three }-ears later, on the 12th of April, i8g6, he was married to Miss Martha Buchanan Fielder, and unto them have been born two chil- dren, Lillie S. and Orville Raymond, both of whom are at home with their parents. ;\Ir. Charl- ton has ever been a stanch advocate of republican principles and votes for the party at state and na- tional elections, but at local elections, where no issue is involved, he gives an independent ballot for the men whom he thinks best qualified for offi.ce, regardless of party affiliation. He started out in business life empty-handed, working first as a farm hand by the month, afterward renting land and eventually acquiring, through his own earnings, the money which enabled him to pur- chase a farm of his own. He is now in posses- sion of a good property which returns to him a gratifying income ; and his life record proves the value and force of unremitting diligence and unabating energy in the everyday affairs of life. GEORGE B. CAREY, D-. D. S. Dr. George B. Carey, practicinghis profession in Perry, his native city, was born August 31, 1856, his parents being Eleazer and Rebecca (Morris) Carey. The father was born in Arkport, Steu- ben county, New York, and was married on the 7th of September, 1841, in Pike county, Illi- nois, to Miss Rebecca Morris, whose birth oc- curred in Kentucky, October 26, 1826. Enter- ing business life he first devoted his energies to teaching school in Pike county, but subsequently determining to engage in the practice of medi- cine and surgery, he was graduated from the old Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia. In 1847 h'S pursued a post-graduate course in sur- gery in the same school. He displayed broad PAST AND PRESENT OE PIKE COUNTY. 731 humanitarian principles in his practice, never making- any charge to a poor widow or family who could not afford to pay for his services, and yet responding readily to the call of those who needed his professional aid. His practice covered Brown, Scott, JMorgan and Pike counties, and he was one of the honored pioneer physicians of this part of the state. He was often called in con- sultation of cases to Jacksonville, Quincy, and Springfield. In 1850 he went to California, spending two years there for the benefit of his health and in attendance upon medical societies. In 1852 he returned to Illinois ; but losing his eyesight from exposure, he was blind during the last seven years of his life. In 1850 he was made a }(Iason in Perry lodge, No. 95, A. E. & A. M., and both he and his wife were members of the Presby- terian church. Dr. Carey becoming a member when sixteen years of age. His death occurred when he was sixty-three years of age, and his widow is now living at the age of seventy-nine years.' They were the parents of nine children, A. B., a dentist of Pittsfield, and George B., of this review, being the only ones now living. In his boyhood clays George B. Carey assisted his father in every way that he could. He also attended school and worked with his brother. Dr. A. B. Carey, in his dental office. In 1871 his brother removed to Pittsfield, and in 1873 ■'-'''• Carey of this review went to the county seat, remaining with his brother there for about nine years. In 1882 he opened a dental office in Perry and has engaged in general practice with constantly grow- ing success. He is a member of the Morgan County District Medical Society and of the Illi- nois State Dental Association, with which he was connected for twenty-five years. He also belongs to Perry lodge, No. 95, A. E. & A. M., Perry chapter, R. A. M., the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Mutual Protective League and the Pike Coun- tv Anti-ITorse Thief Association. He also be- longs to the Pike County Insurance Company and to the Northwestern Life and Savings Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. On the 29th of September, 1904, Dr. Carey was married to Miss Celia Vail, a daughter of Leander and Mary (Elledge) Vail, who were married January 23, 1879. Her father was bom in Fairmount township, October 13, 1849, and the mother's birth occurred in the same township, October 25, 1848. Mr. Vail has been a stock- raiser and farmer, but at the present time is giv- ing his entire attention to buying and selling live stock. Unto him and his wife have been born two daughters : Mrs. Carey, whose birth occurred April 25, 1880; and Olive, who was born Decem- ber 27, 1885, ^'"'d was married November 25, 1904, to Richard A. Reynolds. Dr. and Mrs. Carey occupy an enviable social position, and their pleasant home is the center of a cultured society circle. Both arfe members of the Presbyterian church ; and in politics he is a stanch republican, unfaltering in his allegiance to the part)". Lie does not seek nor desire public office, however, but concentrates his energies upon his professional duties ; and he has a well ecjuipped dental office, supplied with all modern devices to promote the efficiency of the practi- tioner. His work has given uniform satisfaction and a liberal patronage is accorded him. JOSEPH C. HARRINGTON. Joseph C. Harrington, long an active factor in agricultural circles in Pike county, and now living retired in Griggsville, was born on the 2d of January, 1838, in Griggsville township, his parents being Martin and Catherine (Hagaman) ITarrington. The name of Harrington has been a familiar and honored one in connection with Pike countv through many decades. Martin Har- rington at the time of his death was one of the oldest settlers of the county, and one of the most intelligent and honored citizens. He had resided within its borders for more than a half century, and was in his ninety-fourth year at the time of his demise. He came of old New England an- cestry honorable and distinguished. When the colonists attempted to throw off the yoke of Brit- ish oppression two of the Harringtons, Jonathan and Caleb, who were closely related to the fa- ther of Martin Harrington, were among the six who fell under the first fire at the battle of Lex- 73^ PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. ington, and to their memory and that of the others, whose blood was shed on that sacred spot, a beautiful monument has been erected. Samuel Harrington, grandfather of Joseph C. Harrington of this review, was born in Grafton, Massachusetts, August 3, 1769, and after reach- ing man's estate was married to Abigail Putnam, who was born in Massachusetts, September 15, 1775, and was a daughter of Zadoc Putnam, a relative of General Israel Putnam, whose name is deeply engraved on the hearts of all students of American history, as that of a patriot who did much for the cause of independence. Zadoc Put- nam's father built the first wagon in Worcester county, Massachusetts, and it is related that over two hundred men came from long distances to s-ee one pair of wheels follow another, so great was the noveltv at that time. Mr. and Mrs. Sam- uel Harrington remained residents of Massachu- setts throughout their entire lives, the former passing away October 5, 1802, and the latter in April, 1871, having reached the advanced age of ninety-six years. She came of a family noted for longevity, and her descendants have mani- fested the same strong family characteristic. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Harrington were born four children ; and by the mother's second marriage to Captain David Trask, of Leicester, Massachusetts, other children were born. Martin Harrington was born in "Worcester, Massachusetts, December 24, 1797, and was early thrown upon his own resources, owing to the death of his father. His educational privi- leges were rather limited ; but in the school of ex- perience he learned many valuable and practical lessons, and always kept informed on the trend of events and on matters of local and national prog- ress through reading and observation. In his early life he engaged in manufacturing scythes, which was a profitable business at that day. He possessed considerable mechanical ingenuity and gave considerable attention to the manufacture of gun barrels and to work as a machinist. He was also for some time in the employ of Samuel and John Slater, the first manufacturers of the spin- ning jenny. He was very thorough and accu- rate in all of his work, and the same characteris- tics were displayed in his farming operations when he came to Illinois and identified himself with agricultural pursuits. He had had little previous experience in this line of labor, but his ready adaptability and energy soon enabled him to master the points which lead to successful farming. Martin Harrington had been married January 22, 1822, in his native county to Miss Myra Wil- lard, and the same year removed to Amsterdam, New York, where his wife died, leaving three children, but the only one now living is Mrs. Abby L. Brimblecam. One son, Charles L., who had been mining in the west, was accidentally drowned in Humboldt Bay, California, February 22, 1863, when in his fortieth year. Josephus W. also spent his last days in California. In 1833 Martin Harrington wedded Miss Catherine Hag- aman, a native of New York, and in 1836 they came to the west, settling in Griggsville township. Pike county. The year following Mr. Harring- ton removed to the adjoining township of Perry, where he resided until 1870, when he took up his abode in the village of Perry, where he resided until his death, spending his last years in honor- able retirement from labor. By his second mar- riage there were five children: Francis M., who married Martha Dutcher, of Pike county, Illi- nois, is now living in Kirksville, Missouri, where he is a prominent attorney, having been gradu- ated from the Chicago Law School, while for eight years he represented his district in the Mis- souri legislature. Joseph C. is the subject of this review. Mary E. is the wife of James Whitaker, a prominent farmer of Perry township. John E. married Lucretia Reynolds, and is a successful agriculturist of Griggsville township. Sarah E. is the wife of Hon. William P. Browning, who re- sides upon a farm near Memphis, Missouri. The wife and mother died April 27, 1875, in the faith of the Presbyterian church, of which she had long been an active and helpful member. She ably assisted her husband in his work of getting a start in the west ; and theirs was a most conge- nial and happy married life. Mr. Harrington passed away on the 22d of January, 1891. ' A newspaper published at the time said of him : "He worked upon the principle that whatever he attempted to do he would do his best, and he had PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 733 a large measure of success. He was a man of very strong convictions, but had great respect for the feehngs and convictions of others. He was a firm behever in the Christian rehgion, though never a church member, and in the Ijible as the inspired work of God, by whose principles our lives should be regulated. He was a constant at- tendant on the house of God as long as he could hear, and insisted on his children attending reg- ularly the church and Sabbath school ; and also contributed to their support. He taught both by precept and example that all should lead an honorable and upright life, and his children, who are among our most worthy citizens, show the deep impression made upon their minds by his wase and kind instruction. When he died these children lost a kind and loving father, his neigh- bors a most kind and generous friend, and the state an intelligent and noble citizen." Joseph C. Harrington, whose name introduces this record, was reared upon the home farm, early becoming familiar with the labors that bring success in agricultural life, being trained to prac- tical methods of farm work. When twenty-one years of age he started out on his own account, and was employed as a farm hand by others for eight years, when with the capital he had ac- Cjuired through his own labors, he purchased a tract of land and began farming for himself. Here he devoted his time and energies to its cultivation and to the raising and handling of live stock. As the years passed he jirospered in his undertakings owing to his careful management, his keen busi- ness discrimination, his watchfulness of oppor- tunities and his fair dealing. For the past thirteen years, however, he has made his home in Griggs- ville, merely giving his attention to the super- vision of his invested interests. On the 22d of April, 1869, Mr. Harrington was united in marriage to Miss Frances S. Wilson and they became the parents of two children, Alary C. and John C, but the latter died Decem- ber 2, 1899. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Harrington was married on the i6th of July, 1889, to her sister, Mrs. Mary Smith, nee Wilson. She was born in England, and when quite young came to this country, where she was reared and educated. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harrington are earnest Christian people. He was formerly a member of the Presbyterian church of Perry, but now belongs to the Congregational church in Griggs- ville. In politics he is stanch republican, unfal- tering in his advocacy of the principles of the party. He was made a member of the Independ- ent (")rder of Odd Fellows in Perry thirty-five years ago, and has taken the demit from his home lodge to the lodge in Griggsville. He is a charter member of the Griggsville National Bank and of the I'erry State Bank, holds considerable stock in both institutions, and is a director of both. He is now practically living retired after long and active connection with agricultural interests, in which his labors were crowned with a gratify- ing measure of success. W. F. THURMON, M. D. Dr. W. F. Thurmon, engaged in the practice of medicine at Bunker Hill, where he is also con- ducting a drug store, was born in Pike county, near Milton on the 14th of October, 1854. He acquired his preliminary education in the district schools at Milton, and afterward spent six weeks as a student in the normal school at Pittsfield. He subsequently taught four terms of school and he took up the study of medicine in the winter of 1 88 1 -2. In the later year he entered upon his collegiate course, and in 1885 was graduated at the Missouri Medical College. Dr. Thurmon entered upon the active practice of his profession in Wilmington, Greene county, and later practiced at Farmersville, Montgomery county, and at Philadelphia, Cass county. He was also located for a time at Detroit, in Pike county. He holds a registered pharmacist's certificate, and at the present writing is conducting a drug store as well as practicing his profession in Bunker Hill, where he has secured a good patronage as a merchant and a gratifying practice as a physician. Dr. Thurmon was married in 1886 to Miss Mar}- I. James, of Whitehall, Illinois, and thev have three children : Harry, born in 1888 ; Virgil, 734 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. born in 1896; and Carl, born in 1901. Mrs. Thurnion is a daughter of Joshua and Martha James, now of Litchfield, where the father is connected with building operations, being a car- penter hv trade. The Doctor and his wife have a wide and favorable acquaintance at Bunker Hill, where they occupy an enviable position in social circles. A. L. GALLOWAY. Perhaps no citizen of Pike county was more uniformly esteemed or held in warmer friend- ship than A. L. Galloway, now deceased. He was lovingly and familiarly called Uncle Dick by all who knew him, a name which was indica- tive of his friendly cordial nature and his kindly interest in all with whom he came in 'contact. He was classed for many years with the prosperous farmers and stock-raisers of the county and was numbered among the old settlers, having taken up his abode here about 1832 or 1833. His birth occurred in Pike county, Missouri, Septem- ber 4, 1829, his father, James Galloway, having located there in pioneer times. He was a native of Kentucky, whence he removed to Missouri and during the early boyhood of our subject crossed the river to Pike county, Illinois, so that the son was here reared. He grew to manhood amid the conditions and environments of frontier life, for in his early days Pike county was still largely an undeveloped region and only here and there could be seen the home of a pioneer. His educational advantages were those afforded by the common schools and after he had completed his literary course he studied law and practiced in the justice courts. On the 24th of November, 1859, A. L. Gallo- way was united in marriage in Pike county to Miss Sarah Brant, formerly of St. Louis, Mis- souri. She died in 1874 and of the five children born of that marriage three reached vears of ma- turity. Lyman H., the eldest, wedded Laura Fisher, who died leaving one child, Bertie, now the wife of Newton Shinn, a resident of Carroll- ton, Missouri. After the death of his first wife Lvman PI. Gallowav wedded Clara C. Dodge, a daughter of Clinton Dodge and they had two children : Scott Galloway, a business man of Pleasant Hill, who married a daughter of Dr. J. Smith Thomas ; and Beatrice, the wife of Harry Bush, who is in a store in Nebo. Lyman H. Gal- loway was for many years a well known farmer of Pike county but is now deceased. Ann P. Galloway, the second member of the family, married Curtis Yocum and at her death left one child. Fay Yocum, who is now a young lady re- siding with her father in Pleasant Hill. Minnie L. Gallowa}^ became the wife of James De Camp and at her death left a daughter, Lora De Camp, who is residing with her father. After the death of his first wife Mr. Galloway of this review was married in Calhoun county on the 26th of April, 1875, to Maria E. McConnell, a daughter of John and Mary (Sidwell) McConnell, both of whom were natives of Kentucky and became early settlers of Pike county, Missouri. They removed to Calhoun county, Illinois, during the period of the Civil war and Mrs. Galloway was largely reared in that county. At the time of her marriage she went to her husband's farm in Pleasant Hill township. For many years Mr. Galloway was one of the large land owners of the county, having several farms embracing nearly one thousand acres of valuable land. He made a business of raising and feeding stock and found this a profitable source of income. He was widely recognized as a good financier and enterprising business man, watchful of all the details of his business, and putting forth every efifort in his power to provide a good living for his family. He real- ized that "there is no success without labor" and also that "honesty is the best policy" and these two maxims found exemplification in his life rec- ord. By the second marriage of Mr. Galloway there were born four children, but the eldest, Clara Myrtle, died in infancy. Milo E., who is a prominent merchant of Pleasant Hill, married Daisy Ladow and has one son, Truman. Carrie Lenora is the wife of A. T. Brant, a farmer and stocknian of Pleasant Hill township and has two children: Milo B. and Thelma. Mayo L. is a lumber dealer residing at Pleasant Hill. A. L. GALLOWAY PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 737 In his political affiliation Mr. Galloway was a stalwart republican and during the period of the Civil war he served as enrolling officer. He also held numerous local positions of honor and trust, acting as supervisor and also as a dele- gate to the county and state conventions. He lived a consistent Christian life, having the en- tire confidence and esteem of the community and his name became an honored one wherever he was known. He died February 4, 1898, and the entire community mourned the loss of a repre- sentative citizen. His many good qualities, his genial disposition and kindly spirit had endeared him to those with whom he came in contact and has caused his memory to be cherished by all who knew him. A. S. NEESE. A. S. Xeese, a representative of farming inter- ests in Pearl township, resides on section 7, where he owns and operates eighty acres of good land. He is a native of Putnam county, Indiana, born August 16, 1868, and is a son of Christo- pher and Angeline (Myers) Neese. The par- ents left Indiana when their son, A. S. Neese, was about seven years of age, and made their way westward to Spring Creek township. Pike county, Illinois, where the father secured a tract of land and engaged in farming up to the time of his death, which occurred February 14, 1902. His widow still survives and is now living in Cal- houn count}' about three miles south of Nebo, Illinois. A. S. Neese was a young lad of about seven }'ears when brought by his parents to Pike county, where he was reared upon the old homestead farm, while in the district schools of Spring Creek township he acquired his education. Xo event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for him in his boyhood days. He as- sisted in the cultivation of the land and the care of the stock up to his twenty-first birthday. He was then married to Miss Delilah McCann, a daughter of Edward and Eliza McCann, and they began their domestic life upon a farm. Mr. Neese has given his entire attention in a business 37 way to agricultural pursuits, and his principal products are now wheat and corn. He also raises some stock, and at the present writing (1906) has upon his farm eight head of cattle, four head of horses and twelve head of hogs. He has ac- commodation for thirty-five head of stock during the winter months, for there are good barns and sheds upon his place, together with other modern equipments, while the latest improved farm ma- chinery constitutes a valuable assistant to him in the work of the fields. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Neese were born four chil- dren, two sons and two daughters, namely : Nona P., Clara F., Orin E., and Russell F. Neese. In 1904 the family was called upon to mourn the loss of the wife and mother whose death oc- curred on the 2 1st of April, of that year. She was very devoted to her family, and was a woman pos- sessed of many excellent traits of character. Her remains were interred in the Green Pond ceme- tery, and her death was deeply deplored by all who knew her. Politically Mr. Neese is a democrat, who has al- wa}s affiliated with the party, but has never sought the rewards of office in recognition of party fealty. On the contrary, his entire atten- tion has been concentrated upon his business ef- forts and he is a self-made man, having started out in life without a dollar. His self-reliance and force of character, however, liave enabled him to surmount difficulties and obstacles in his path and he is now in possession of a good farming propert)', while his life is another proof of the as- sertion of the old Greek philosopher, "Earn thy reward; the gods give naught to sloth." JOHN A. JAMES. John A. James, who is successfully engaged in stock-raising at Perry, has by keen business dis- cernment and judicious management gained a creditable po.sition in business circles in Pike county. He was born in Adams county, Illinois, December 21, 1859, and is a son of Allen W. and Elizabeth (Sartain) James, both of whom were natives of Tennessee, the former born October 13, 1818, and the latter January i, 1827. Mr. PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. James was twice married, his first union being with Miss Matilda Clanh', who was also a native of Tennessee, and who at her death, left two daughters: Frances A,, the wife of James Thomas, a farmer of Tennessee ; and Virginia, who married Williamson Bond, a resident farmer of Pike county. By the second marriage there were six children: Columbus A., Harvey C, William E., John .V., Cordelia and Charles E. All are now living with the exception of the last named, who died in Missouri. He was born De- cember 4, 1862, in Perry, Pike county, and after being graduated with first honors in the business college at Springfield, Illinois, July 2, 1880, at the age of eighteen years, engaged in keeping books for a few years, while later he became con- nected with railroad interests in the south. He returned home to care for his aged parents, and after two years spent upon the home farm in Pike county, removed with them to Deepwater, Missouri, in December, 1889. He was married March 6, 1889, to Miss Maggie Hudnet, who re- sided near Deepwater, and their marriage proved a most congenial and happy one. In September, 1889, Mr. James again engaged in railroading and became operator at Clinton on the Kansas City & Galveston Railroad. After a month he was transferred to Brownington, but soon became ill, his death resulting. The year 1852 witnessed the arrival of Allen W. James in Illi- nois and several years later they removed from Adams county to Pike county, where he remained until 1888, when he and his wife became residents of Bates countv, Mis- souri, but afterward returned to Pike countv, where both died. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church ; and in politics he was a democrat. John A. James was a young lad at the time his parents came to Pike countv, so that his youth was largely passed here ; and in the pub- lic schools he acquired his education. Starting out in business life on his own account, he was employed by the month as a farm hand until 1882, when on the 19th of July, of that year, he was married and began farming for himself on eighty acres of land in Perry township. Subsequently he bought a farm of one hundred acres, which he cultivated until 1899, and on the 5th of Septem- ber, of that year, he took up his abode on the family homestead, where he now resides, giving his attention to the cultivation of the soil and to stock-raising. He sold his own farm in 1901. On the 19th of July, 1882, Mr. James was mar- ried to Miss Elizabeth Gerard, who was born January 21, 1862, and is a daughter of Laommi R. and Elizabeth (Daugherty) Gerard. Her fa- ther, who was born in Clinton county, Ohio, Au- gust 5, 1820, died February 28, 1898, while his wife, whose birth occurred in Virginia, March 31, 1829, died August 19, 1904. Mr. Gerard was quite young when his parents removed to Greene county, Ohio, where he was reared ; while later he took up his abode in Fayette county, that state, coming thence to Illinois in 1856. In October, of that year, he located in Perry town- ship, where he spent his remaining days. He was an enterprising agriculturist of good busi- ness ability, and his labors enabled him to add to his capital year by year. Both he and his wife held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. The latter represented one of the early pioneer families of Ohio, her people having re- moved from Virginia to that state at an early day. j\[r. and ]\Irs. Gerard became the parents of seven children. Unto Mr. and Mrs. James were born five children : May, born ]May 10, 1883, now the wife of John F. Read; Maud, who was born October 30, 1885, and died in infancy; Ray, born September 16, 1888 ; Eva V., May 2, 1892 ; and Floyd Allen, who was born June 27, 1900, and died March 27, 1905. Both Mr. and Mrs. James are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and their good qualities of heart and mind have brought to them a large circle of friends. Mr. James votes with the democracy, and has served as road commis- sioner and for two years as school director. He maintains membership relations with various fra- ternal organizations, and is now master of Perry lodge. No. 95, A. F. & A. M., and has been a delegate to the grand lodge, holding its meetings in Chicago. He is also coimected with the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, the ' Modern Woodmen of America and the Pike County Mu- tual Life Insurance Company. His position in the PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 739 public regard is that of a man whose history will bear close investigation and scrutiny, whose mo- tives have been honorable, his actions manly and his words sincere. NATHAN SCRANTON. Nathan Scranton, a prosperous farmer of Pleas- ant Hill township, owns and operates one hun- dred and sixty acres of land constituting a well improved and valuable farm. He has resided in Nebo for a number of years, and his wide and favorable acquaintance demands that his life his- tory be given in this volume. He is a native son of Pike county, having been born in Spring Creek township on the 14th of February, 1839, when this was still a frontier district in which the work of improvement and cultivation had been carried on to only a limited extent. His grandfather, David Scranton, came with his family to Illinois from' A'irginia, and was one of the first settlers of Pike county, locating in Spring Creek town- ship when much of the land was still in its primi- tive condition. He assisted in its reclamation for the uses of the white race, and aided in planting the seeds of civilization which in due time had borne fruit in the advanced material, intellectual and moral conditions of this part of the state. Reuben J. Scranton, father of our subject, was born in Virginia, but was reared in Pike county, and assisted in the arduous task of developing a new farm. He was married here to Miss Sarah Allison, and for a number of years there- after engaged in general agricultural pursuits. He lost his wife in this county and subsequently removed to ^Madison county, ^Missouri, where his last years were passed. He was killed during the Civil war. Of the famil\- of five brothers, and one sister born unto Mr. and Mrs. Reuben J. Scran- ton, only two are now living, the brother of our subject being Thomas Scranton, a resident farmer of Spring Creek township. Nathan Scranton was reared to farm labor, and in his early life worked at anything that he could get to do that would yield him an honest living. for from an earl}- age he was dependent upon his own resources. When twenty-three years of age he responded to the country's call for aid and enlisted in 1862 as a member of Company E, Third Missouri Cavalry, with which he served in the Western Armv. He participated in the fight at Chalk Cluff, also in the engagements at Pilot Ivnob and Patterson, together with many skir- mishes. He served altogether for three years, one month and si.xteen clays, and after the close of the war was honorably discharged at Jeffer- son City, Missouri, having done his full duty as a soldier. When the countr)- no longer needed his aid, Nathan Scranton returned to Pike county and began work on a farm. It was not long after- ward before he sought a companion and help- mate for life's journey, and was married here to jXIiss Mary Jane Smith, who was born in Nebo. They traveled life's journey happily to- gether for about five years ; and there were two children born to this union, of whom one is liv- ing. Following his marriage, Mr. Scranton rented a farm and engaged in operating leased land for several years, after which he bought land in Spring Creek township. He then located thereon and cultivated and improved the place for three years, when he sold that property and invested in a farm in Hardin township, where he lived for five years, during which time he erected a good residence upon the property. Subsequently he purchased his present farm in Pleasant Hill town- ship, and he still owns this property. In 1887 he came to Nebo and erected the house now owned by Dr. Williams. He also conducted a hotel for two years, after which he sold out, re- turning to his farm in Hardin township. Later he purchased his Pleasant Hill township property and afterward bought a neat residence in Nebo — a brick building in which he now makes his home. On the 1 2th of August, 1875, in Nebo, Mr. Scranton was married to ^Miss Nancy j\I. Crow- der, a native of this county, where she was reared. Her father, James V. Crowder, was born in Pike count};, and became a soldier who died in the service of his country while a member of a Mis- souri regiment of infantrv. His wife, who bore 740 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. the maiden name of Alahala Allison, survived her husband and reared her family. ^Ir. Scranton's son bv his first marriage is Albert Scranton, who now lives in Nebo, and the deceased son was Francis, who died when a lad of about nine years. By the second niarriage of ^[r. Scranton have been born two children: Clara Alaud, the wife of Harrv North, who resides upon the Scranton farm in Pleasant Hill township ; and Opal, at home. Politically Mr. Scranton is a stanch republican, although he was reared in the faith of the demo- cratic party. His wife is a member of the Court of Honor and the Royal Neighbors. ^Ir. Scran- ton has never been an office seeker, but has earn- estly labored to advance his business interests. His entire life has been passed in Pike county, and he has helped to improve and make the county what it is today, having himself cultivated three farms. In connection with the tilling of the soil he has engaged in raising and feeding stock, handling cattle, hogs and horses. He com- menced life a poor man, but by his own labor and enterprise and the assistance of his estimable wife he has become the possessor of a well im- proved and valuable farm and a good home in Nebo, and is today numbered among the sub- stantial citizens of this part of the state. McCLINTOCK BROWN. ]\IcClintock Brown, starting out in life on his own account at the early age of ten years and re- ceiving a wage of eight dollars per month, has from that hurnible financial position steadily worked his way upward to a position 'of affluence, so that he is now numbered among the the sub- stantial farmers of Hadlc}- township, his home being on section 31, where he owns and operates one hundred and sixty acres of land that is today very valuable and productive. In addition to its cultivation he is also engaged in the business of buying, feeding and shipping cattle and hogs. Air. Br(jwn is one of the worthy citizens that the Empire state has furnished to Pike county, his birth having occurred in Washington county, New York, near Sand\- Hill, about four miles from the historic tree at which Jane McCrea was massacred by the Indians. This tree died in 1849, and Mr. Brown has a snuffbox made from a part of the wood. His natal day was October 2, 1847, his parents being Josiah and Maria (Clark) Brown, the former a native of Vermont, while the latter was also born in the east. The father was a physician and minister of the gospel, and also a shoemaker, having learned his trade in earlv life. He followed shoemaking at an early day in the Empire state, and also engaged in the practice of medicine at Sandy Hill, New York. There his death occurred in 1 851, and his widow afterward came with her family to Pike county, Illinois, being accompanied by her. husband's brother, Benjamin D. Brown. They settled in Barry and Airs. Brown later gave her hand in marriage to B. T. Gray, one of the first settlers of the localit}-. Mr. Gray is still living in Barrv, but his wife is deceased. In her famil}- were five children : Josiah and Jane, both of whom have passed awa}- ; Henry W., who is living at the Sol- diers' Home at Ouincy ; James C, who died in Missouri; and AlcClintock. In the schools of Barry AlcClintock Brown ac- quired his education, having been brought bv his mother to the west at an earlv age. He was a youth of only ten years when he started out in life on his own account, securing emplovment at farm labor by the month. His time was thus passed for a number of years, during which pe- riod he received only about eight dollars per month in compensation for his services. Later he received a larger wage, and saving nearlv all of his earnings he was at length enabled to pur- chase a tract of land, investing in one hundred and twentv acres when twentv-seven vears of age. This constitutes a part of the farm which he still owns, but its boundaries have been ex- tended mitil within the tract are now embraced one hundred and sixty acres. He is engaged in the stock business, buying, feeding and shipping cattle and hogs, and has found this a very profit- able undertaking. He ships several carloads of stock each year, and his annual sales bring him a gratifying figure. His son is engaged in the butchering business, having a shop at Barry. In PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 741 i8y8 ]\Ir. J^)rown lost a part of one of his hands and since then has done very httlc work. In January, 1872, Mr. Brown was united in marriage to Miss Mahala Pence, who was born in Preble county, Ohio, October 26, 1846, and is a daughter of John and Hannah (Earhart) Pence. Her father was born in Virginia, and when a young man went to Ohio, in which state his wife was born and reared. In 1857 thev came to Pike count}', settling in Hadley township, where their remaining days were passed, ^Ir. Pence being called to his final rest in April, 1879, when he was about seventy-seven years of age, his birth hav- ing occurred June 8, 1802. His wife, who was born November 4, 18 10, died on the 25th of April, 1890. In their family were ten children, of whom four are now living, as follows : Mrs. Brown ; Joseph Pence, who resides in Kansas City ; Mrs. Lydia Emerson ; and Mrs. Adeline Furniss. ]\Ir. and Mrs. Brown have one child, L. G. Brown, who married Mell Peck and lives in Barry. Our subject also has an adopted daughter, Minnie, who attended the schools of Barry, was graduated from the high school in the class of 1901 and is now engaged in teaching. Air. Brown exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the repub- lican part}-, and was supervisor of Hadley town- ship for one term in 1898. He has also been road commissioner. He belongs to Barry lodge. No. 336, I. O. O. F. ; Barry camp, No. 540, M. W. A. ; and the Mutual Protective League. Of the last two he is a charter member. He has been past noble grand, past chief patriarch and also representative to the grand lodge of the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows. His wife is connected with the Rebekah degree, has filled all of the chairs in that lodge and has been a repre- sentative to the grand lodge. Their home is pleasantly located two and a half miles southeast of Barry, and here they have lived for many years, during which time Mr. Brown has made many excellent improvements upon his farm. His reliability in business has secured for him an in- flexible reputation, while his prosperity repre- sents his fit utilization of opportunities that has made him one of the substantial agriculturists and stock-raisers of this part of the county. His life record stands in exemplification of what may be accomplished with firm and unfaltering purpose, and proves that success is ambition's answer. HARRISON DAIGH. It is a noticeable fact that a g'reat majority of the successful men are those who have planned their own advancement and have accomplished it in spite of obstacles and difficulties which they have encountered. Labor, however, in America is unhampered by caste or class, and in due time will find its just reward ; and it is by reason of his untiring activity that Mr. Daigh has won a creditable position in financial and social circles, enjoying the good will and trust of all with wiiom he has been associated. A native son of Perry, he was born February 10, 1845, ^1^'^ ^'^^^ educated in the public schools. His parents were James M. and Elizabeth (Pool) Daigh, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of South Carolina. Leaving the Old Domin- ion, James M. Daigh came to Illinois in the '20s, settling in the midst of the wilderness in Chris- tian or Sangamon county. He afterward came to Pike county and was one of the pioneers of this portion of the state, and aided in its early and sub- stantial development. However, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, he crossed the plains in 1849. I" 1852 he returned to Illinois, but in 1853 again went to California, this time by way of New York city, whence he took passage on a sailing vessel bound for San Francisco. He was engaged in merchandising in the Golden state until the spring of 1855, when his life's la- bors were ended in death, he being then fifty-five years of age. His wife passed away in this county in 1853, at the age of forty-five years. They were earnest and faithful members of the Christian church, and Mr. Daigh was also affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His political views were in harmony with the princi- ples of the whig party. In the family were twelve children, five sons and seven daughters, but only two are now living, Harrison and Mar- 742 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. tha, the latter the wife of J. J. Smith, a farmer of Chambersburg township. Harrison Daigh lost his mother when nine rears of age, and was left an orphan when a _VOUth of ten. Three years later he left Pike county and went to Dewitt county, Illinois, where he was employed as a farm laborer during the summer months, while in the winter seasons he fed cattle for his board and the privilege of at- tending school. He was thus occupied until 1862, when his patriotic spirit was aroused by the attempt of the south to overthrow the Union, and, although only seventeen years of age, he en- listed on the 27th of July as a member of Com- pany F, Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry, remaining with that regiment until honorably discharged in August, 1865, being mustered out at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He took part in a number of impor- tant engagements and manifested valor and loy- alty equal to that of many a veteran of twice his years. He made a creditable military record, and when his aid was no longer needed he returned to his home to resume the pursuits of civil life. He was again engaged in farm labor up to the time of his marriage, which was celebrated on the 25th of April, 1867, Miss Margaret Turner becoming his wife. She was born June 25, 1849, and was a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Haughey) Turner, both of whom were natives of Ohio, in which state they were married. Their children, eleven in number, were born in Ohio. Five of these are yet living, Charles, Isaac, Mary, Jane and Margaret. Elizabeth died January 10, 1906. The wife and mother passed away Sep- tember 21, 1858, and Mr. Turner was afterward again married, his second union being with Re- becca Shelton, who is also now deceased. There were four children of that marriage, George, James, Albert and Laura, all of whom are yet living. On removing froni' Ohio to Illinois, Mr. Turner settled in Perr}- township. Pike county, \yhere he secured a tract of land and carried on general farming until within a few years prior to his demise, when he lived retired in the vil- lage of Perry. He was a member of the New Light church in Ohio. His political endorse- ment was given to the whig party until its dis- solution, when he joined the ranks of the repub- lican party. His death occurred in Perry, Sep- tember 21, 1888, when he was seventy-six years of age. Following his marriage, Mr. Daigh carried on farming in Perry township until the spring 'of 1868, wdien he removed to Dewitt county, Illi- nois, there residing until the fall of 1869, when he returned to Pike county and once more became identified with its agricultural interests. In 1875 he removed to the village of Perry, where he now lives. At the present writing he is engaged in farming, and he also has charge of the mail route between Perry and Griggsville. At the same time he has been active and influential in community affairs, and has served as constable and town marshal, as street commissioner, as school director and road commissioner. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Daigh was blessed with thirteen children : Estella ; Charles ; Frank C, who died October 17, 1904, in his thirty-third year ; Nellie ; Lillian ; Harry L. ; Clarence ; one who died in infancy ; Russell ; Grace ; Louise ; Jo- seph F. ; and Marie. The members of the family are well known in the community where they reside. Mr. Daigh belongs to Perry lodge, No. 95, A. F. & A. M., with which he has affiliated since March, 1878, and he is now a past master. He likewise belongs to Perry chapter. No. 35, R. A. M. ; and in politics he supports the men who are pledged to give their allegiance to the re- publican party. Dependent upon his own re- sources from an early age, whatever success he has achieved is attributable to his earnest and in- defatigable industry. He possesses a genial dis- position and kindly nature that have gained him many friends in social circles, as he has a very wide and favorable acquaintance in this part of the county. SAMUEL WILLIAMS. Samuel Williams, one of the public-spirited and prominent men of Pike county, has for some years been supervisor of Detroit township, and is the present efficient chairman of the honorary board of supervisors. A native son of the county, he was born in Detroit, April 18, 1868. His father PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 743 Samuel Williams, was a native of North Caro- lina, born in 1829, and the grandfather was An- derson Williams, who removed with his family westward to Illinois about 1835, locating in De- troit township. Pike county, when few settle- ments had been made within the borders of this county. He entered land in this locality and opened up a farm. He shared with the early set- . tiers in the hardships and trials incident to pio- neer life and aided in reclaiming the wild land for the purposes of civilization. He also built a sawmill and cut timber for the old plank road and lived a life of usefulness and activity. He reared his family here and later removed to Missouri, settling at Sedalia, where he spent his last years. Samuel Williams, Sr., father of our subject, came to Pike county when a young lad, and was here reared amid the wild scenes and environ- ments of pioneer life, sharing with the family in the hardships incident to a life in a frontier dis- trict. He gained practical experience in the work of the fields so that he was well qualified to carr,' on business when he started out in life on his own account. He married Miss Eunice Hatch, a na- tive of this county. Through much of his life he followed merchandising, and was a trader, cap- italist and money-loaner. He reared his family and spent the greater part of his life in Pike county, where he died in 1897. His wife still survives him and now resides in Detroit. In their family were three children : Frances, now the wife of Thomas Hall, a resident farmer of Detroit ; Clayton A. Williams, who is engaged in farming in Newburg township ; and Samuel A., of this review. The last named was reared at the old farm home, and in the country schools acquired his education, save that he has added largely to his knowledge through experience, reading and ob- servation in later years. He remained with his father until he had attained his majority, after which he began working by the month at a salary of fifteen dollars. He was employed in this way for five or six years, embracing every oppor- tunity that would improve his business condi- tion. In Newburg township on the 14th of Au- gust, 1894, he was united in marriage to Miss Cora Jane Eagle, who was born in this county and was a daughter of John H. C. Eagle, a farmer of Newburg township. After their marriage the young couple took up their abode upon a tract of land which Mr. Williams rented, and there in connection with the work of tilling the soil he engaged in buying and feeding stock, becoming one of the well known stock-dealers of the county, carrying on the business on an extensive scale. He shipped on an average of about fifty carloads of stock a year. He is today justly classed with the active, practical and prosperous farmers of Detroit township. He controls five hundred acres, of which he keeps two hundred acres for pastur- age and he now has about one hundred head of cattle and a large number of hogs, and his annual shipments bring him a gratifying financial return. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have a family of two children, Inez Fern and V. Elmer. They also lost a daughter, Hazel, who died in infancy. Po- litically Mr. Williarirs has been a lifelong demo- crat, and his first presidential ballot was cast for Grover Cleveland. He has been elected and re- elected to the office of supervisor until he is now serving for the third term and he is president of the county board. In the discharge of his official duties he has ever been prompt and faithful, and his record in office is one above reproach. His wife is a member of the Christian church ; and Mr. Williams belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which he joined at Milton but has since demitted to Detroit lodge. He has served through all of the chairs and is a past grand, and both he and his wife are connected with the Rebekah degree. He is also a member of the Mutual Protective League. Mr. Williams has a wide acquaintance in the county where his entire life has been passed, and where he has so directed his efforts as to win signal success in business, and at the same time gain the honor and respect of his fellowmen. His life record proves what can be accomplished by determined, indefatigable and honorable purpose. While "the race is not always to the swift nor the battles to the strong,'' the inviolable law of destiny ac- cords to tireless energy, industry and ability a successful career ; and the truth of this assertion is abundantly verified in the life of Mr. AVilliams, who, though he has met manv difficulties and ob- 744 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. stack's, has (iverconie these h)- deterniined pur- pose and laudable endeavor, working' his way steadily upward. WILLIAM ALLEN PECK. AA''ilIiam Allen Peck, residing on section 20, Hadle\' township, is a native son of Ohio, his birth having occurred near Chillicothe, Pickaway count\", 'Stay 27, 1842. His parents, Jesse and Jane (Reeves) Peck, were both natives of Vir- ginia rikI were married subsequent to their re- moval to Ohio. The mother was married three times, her first husband being Mr. Shanton and her second, ^Ir. Hines. The father of our subject was married twice, and it was after losing his .first wife that he wedded Mrs. Hines. By this marriage there were born five children, two sons and three daughters, namelv : ?ilrs. James Davis, who is now living in Barrv ; Mrs. Ella Sweet, whose home is in Denver, Colorado ; Jesse F. Peck, who is living in Little Sioux, Iowa; Wil- liam A. ; and Minnie, the deceased wife of Arthur Gillum. The parents came to Illinois in 1847, settling' south of Pittsfield. They had traveled across the country with a wagon and team, and they remained at their first location from the fall of 1847 until March, 1848, when the\' removed to a farm near which the subject of this review now resides. Later they bought the farm where William Allen Peck lived for fifty-six years, its location being one mile east of his present place of residence. Jesse Pfck was the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of land, wdTich, owing to his care and cultivation, became a very pro- ductive and valuable tract. He spent his remain- ing (lavs thereon, passing away in 1876, at the age of eightv-five years, while his wife died Janu- ary 25, 1881, in her eighty-fifth year. Mr. Peck was a democrat in his political views, and both he and his wife held membership in the ^Methodist Episcopal church. The educational privileges which William A. Peck enjoyed were Cjuite limited. To some ex- tent he attended the public schools, but his serv- ices were largely needed on the home farm and he worked in the fields from the time of early spring planting until the crops were harvested in the late autumn. He continued to reside upon the old home property until October, 1905, when he removed to his present place of residence. Here he carries on general farming and stock- raising, making a specialty of the raising of hogs and cattle. He and his son are now managing and improving the farm, wdiich comprises one hundred and sixt)' acres of arable land. In all of his work he is s}'stematic and methodical, and his labors have been attended with the success which crowns active, persistent and practical effort. In 1864 occurred the marriage of Mr. Peck and Miss Jessie P>. Wilson, who was born in Scot- land, ^Ia\' 2y. 1840, and came to the new world wdien fourteen years of age. Unto Mr. and ]\Irs. Peck have been born eleven children, but four died in infancy. The others are as follows : Arena, now the wife of John McTucker, a resi- dent of Pladlc)' township ; ^Minnie, the wife of John McConnell, who is living in Jacksonville. Illinois; Willie, who resides in (Oklahoma; Katie, who became the wife of Elmer Furniss, and at her death left five children ; Mell, who married Louis lirown and lives in Barry; Harry, who is as- sociated with his father in business, and is now serving as supervisor of Hadley township ; and Charles, who is living at home. Mr. Peck is a member of the Modem Wood- men camp and the Ancient Order of L'nited Workmen, while his wife belongs to the Baptist church. He is a genial, whole-souled man, well liked b^• all. upright in his business dealings and has the cultured, genial nature that wins warm friendships. He has long been known as a lead- ing representative of agricultural interests in this county-, and as such deserves mention in this volume. ALEXANDER COUCH. Alexander Couch, who follows farming on sec- tion 14, Spring Creek township, was born in Har- din township. Pike county. April 26, 1858, his parents being Lewis and Sarah J. (Daniel) Couch. The mother of Lewis Couch was a native PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 745 of Kentucky and lived to the very advanced age of ninety-two vears, spending- the last fifteen \eai's of her life with the parents of Airs. Alexander Couch. Lewis Couch was a native of Hillshoro, Highland county, Ohio, born July 4, 1827. He engaged in dealing in povdtry, sheep, hogs, etc., for ten years and afterward gave his time to farm- ing until his demise, which occurred in Spring Creek township, this county, on the loth of June, tS()4, when he was in his sixt)-seventh year. He married Ailiss Sarah Daniel, who was born De- cember 23, 1837, and was a daughter of James Daniel, who was a native of Tennessee, and in that state was married, his first wife also dying there. He afterward came to Pike county with his two children, and later was married here to l^ollv Piristo. For many years he was a resident farmer of this part of the state, and died in Spring- Creek township in 1888. His wife passed away several years later. In their family were the fol- lowing- named : \\'illiam, Albert, Sarah, ?\Irs. Jane Couch, Alartin \'an Buren, Mary, James J. Polk, ?\lartha Rebecca, Caroline and Clarke. The children of Mr. and Airs. Lewis Couch were twelve in number, namely: John, x\lexander, Al- phonso Hunter, Mary E., Lewis G., Eliza, Rosie A., Dora L., Alva, Ora, and Eddie and Charlie, twins. Alexander Couch, the second in order of birth, was educated in the district schools of Hardii. and Spring Creek townships, and was reared upon his father's farm, assisting him in the labors of field and meadow until he had reached the age of twenty -eight years, when he was married to Miss Mary Frances Shaw, on the 18th of April, 1886. LTnto them were born three children : Ina A., Nellie and a son who died unnamed in in- fancv. The wife and mother died December 26, 1893, and Mr. Couch afterward wedded Miss Eunice Collins, a daughter of John and Ruth E. Collins, the former born March 17, 1826, and the latter in October, 1830. The maternal grand- mother of Mrs. Couch lived for many years near Pittsfield, Pike county, Illinois, and later re- moved to Newtonville, Spencer county, Indiana, where she died at the advanced age of ninety years. Unto John and Ruth E. Collins were born three children : Eunice, Emma O. and Austin, but only ;\Irs. Couch is now living, Emma hav- ing- died in August, 1905, while Austin died when but diree years of age. Ijoth Mr. and Mrs. Col- lins had been previously married, and by his first union he had the following children ; William Can-ipbell, An-i)- A., John W., Joseph S. and Sher- n-ian A. Collins. By her first marriage Mrs. Col- lins had two daughters: Mrs. Mary Fuller and Mrs. Barbara Crozier, both yet living. The mar- riage of Air. Couch and Miss Eunice Collins had been blessed with four children : Orin I., Oza L., Erma O. and Orville S. Couch. .Mr. Couch is now engaged in the cultivation and improvement of one hundred and seventy-one acres of good farming land, which he has brought under a high state of cultivation. He produces principally corn, wheat and hay, and he is also engaged in stock-raising, having eighteen head of fine graded shorthorn cattle, nine head of horses and about fifty head of hogs. His business inter- ests are well managed, and his earnest efforts are bringing to him a very desirable competence, while his life record is another proof of the as- sertion of the German poet and philosopher Goethe that "merit and success go linked to- gether.'' In politics he is a democrat, and has always affiliated with that party. C. J. DOUGLAS. C. J. Douglas, a retired farmer living in the vil- lage of Montezuma, was born in Montezuma township. Pike county, a son of William and Pa- melia (Strawn) Douglas. The father was a na- tive of Scotland, his birth having occurred near New Galloway. Emigrating at an early age to the LInited States, he made his way to the south- ern portion of the country, and later came to Illi- nois, settling near Milton. He was a carpenter bv trade, and after taking up his abode in Pike county he assisted in building the courthouse and other public and private buildings of the city. He was also engaged on the construction of the buildings of the Columbia (^Missouri) Univer- sitv. It was at that place that he married and later he settled in Montezuma township. Pike 746 . PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. county, a half mile from the present home of his son, C. J. Douglas. Unto William and Pamelia (Strawn) Douglas were born twelve children, seven of whom are yet living. C. J. Douglas was reared upon his father's farm and was educated in the country schools. He remained with his father until his marriage, when he removed to his present home near Mil- ton. He continued actively in farming up to the time of his retirment from business life. He was married in 1874 to Miss Gabriella Hayden, a daughter of Elisha and Virginia (Sweringen) Hayden, and the good wdfe survives to share with him a well earned reward of labor. Unto them was born a son, Delbert, who died in infancy. They are both members of the Christian church ; and they occupy a comfortable home and have a host of warm friends, for, having long resided in this locality, they are widely known, and their many good traits of character have gained them the esteem and good will of those with whom they have been associated. JOHN MEDARIS. John Medaris, a farmer residing on section 34, Fairmount township, was born in this county Oc- tober 2, 1840, his parents being Robinson and Felicia (McLain) Medaris, both of whom were natives of Montgomery county, Kentucky. The parents are now deceased, the father having died at the age of seventy-seven years, while the mother passed away at the age of sixty-one years. In their family were five children, of whom four are now living, namely : Mrs. Mary McLaugh- lin, Charles, John and Mrs. Sarah Boggs. It was in the year iSii that Robinson IMedaris arrived in Pike county. Few indeed were the settlements of the white men within its borders at that pe- riod. The prairies were covered with their native grasses and the forests stood in their primeval strength. The Indians still found a hunting- ground in this part of the state, while game of various kinds was to be had in abundance. He lived here during the period of the deep snow in 1 830- 1, an epoch memorable in the history of the county. Upon arriving here he built a log cabin and soon he cleared a tract of prairie land upon which he planted his crops, and in due time gath- ered good harvests. His political support was given to the democracy, and he was a member of the ^lethodist church. Upon the old farm homestead John Medaris was reared, no event of special importance occur- ring to vary the routine of farm life for him in his boyhood days. He was married November 26, 1868, to Miss Sarah Fo;c, who was born Novem- ber 21), 1842, and was a daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Slight) Fox, both of whom were natives of Ohio, whence they came to Pike county in 1858. In their family were nine children, of whom only one is now living, Jacob Fox. The father was one of the pioneer settlers and early farmers of Pike county, and aided in the reclamation of wild land for the uses of civilization. He was a republican in his political views and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist, church. His death occurred in i86i, when he was sev- enty-two years of age, while his wife passed away at the age of fifty-eight years. Mr. and ^Mrs. r\Iedaris have become the parents of four children, all of whom are now living: Edward; Vena, the wife of Joseph Woodward, a resident of Adams county, Illinois; Daniel; and John T., who married Nora Davis. Mr. Medaris started out upon an independent business career when twenty-one years of age, at which time he began farming for himself. Later he bought eight)^ acres of land, upon which he built a log house and subsequently he added to this until he owned one hundred and eighty acres. He is now the owner of one hundred and twelve acres, which he has cleared and improved, transforming it into a valuable farm. Upon this property he raises cattle, sheep and hogs. He has seventy head of Shropshire sheep, and he raises polled Angus cattle and Jersey Red hogs. He has good pastures and feed lots and ample shelter for his stock and his grain, and, in fact, upon his farm are found all modern accessories and equipments. In 1898 jMr. ]\Iedaris was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 4th of Oc- tober, of that ^ car, and was buried -in Hinman PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 747 cemetery, where his parents were also interred. In poHtics Mr. Medaris is an earnest democrat and for sixteen years he served as school director, the cause of education finding in him a warm and stalwart friend. He was also road commissioner for several years, and he is never remiss in the duties of citizenship, regarding it as a privilege as well as an obligation to faithfully perform every task which devolves upon him in connec- tion with the welfare and improvement of the count}-. The name of IMedaris has been associ- ated \vith the progress and development here from the earliest days, and the work instituted by his fadier has been carried forward by him. IN13EX HISTORY OF PIKE COUNTY Introduction 7 Illinois 7 Illinois Conference 10 French in Illinois 11 British Dominion in Illinois. ... 11 Illinois as a Territory 11 Illinois a a Frontier State 12 Era of Sectional Conflict 13 Era of Economic Development. . 14 Capitals and Capitols of Illinois. 16 Illinois as a State 30 Boundary Changed 31 First Constitution 32 Derivation of Name Illinois.... 32 State Bank 33 La Fayette's Visit 33 Pike County 34 Geology 34 Archeology 40 Organic History 42 Military Tract 42 County Seat Located 43 Counties Cut from Pike 44 General Review 45 Hanson and Shaw 45 Marquette County 46 County Seat Contest 46 First American Settlements. ... 47 Original Pike County 48 Log Cabins 48 State Improvements 49 Origin of Names of Creeks 49 First Things in Pike County. ... 49 First White Men in Pike County. 50 Black Hawk War ' 52 Mexican War 56 Civil War 56 Spanish- American War 78 History of Townships 79 Supervisors 89 Pike County Officials 97 Pike County Bar 101 Church History 102 Exodus to California 103 Banks and Bankers 104 Newspapers 105 Steamboating 105 Railroads 107 Sny Island Levee 109 Rural Mail Routes Ill Illustrious Dead 112 Old Settlers' Association 112 Early Events 122 Miscellaneous 125 3^IO(iRAPHIi:S OF PROINIINFNT CITIZENS Adams, G. S 645 Adams, Jane E 618 Akers, G. W 708 Allen, Perry C 242 Anderson, H. L 650 Anderson, R. A 365 Anderson, Ray N 227 Andrew, Dr. H. B 249 Applegate, A. M 630 Atkinson, H. B 484 Bagby, George F 187 Bagby, Richard D 263 Baker, Elliott 467 Baker, W. A 369 Ballenger, J. W 728 Bancroft, A. C 449 Barber, George 166 Barkley, W. S 529 Barnes, N. L 540 Barnes, R. Y 363 Barton, Isaac 159 Batley, C. W 707 Bauer, M. G 204 Berry, John F 592 Billings, Charles 729 Billings, J. H 721 Binns, W. S 330 Black, George T 195 Boggs, J. C. F 626 Bolin, Charles E 515 Bonifield, Robert 593 Boren, J. W 275 Borthwick, William, Jr 469 Bradburn, B. T 394 Bradburn, Mark S 512 Briscoe, E. W 528 Brown, A. R 649 Brown, Emma J 715 Brown, J. C 558 Brown, McClintock 740 Brown, N. W 698 Brown, W. H 358 Brown, W. M 232 Brown, Willis 677 Browning, C. T 563 Browning, John J 727 Bush, G. D 629 Bush, J. M 284 Cadwell, Franklin 388 Capps, G. W 403 Carey, Dr. G. B 730 Carlen, Xavler 368 Carnes, George 580 Carnes, S. B 584 Chamberlin, J, B 340 Charlton, C. A 730 Chrysup. G. W 273 Churchill, H. S 443 Clans, Frank . . 628 Clayton, E. L 298 Clemmons, N. M . , 688 Colvin, H 638 Conkright, I. S 292 Conway, Farrell 578 Cooper, G. D 209 Cooper, J. H 266 Couch, Alexander 744 Crane, Dr. F. M 357 Crane, James H 173 Craven, John, Sr 291 Cunningham, L. L 183 Cunningham, R. E 352 Daigh, Harrison 741 Daniels, S. W 701 Deam, Izora A 709 Dell, John T 437 Dickason, S. M 552 Dinsmore, J. E 298 Dinsmore, W. H ; 380 Dix, Rollin M 339 Dixon, Job 500 Dober, Mary A 705 Doocy, Edward 260 Doocy, Mary M 263 Dorsey, John W 433 Doss, Dr. C. H 423 Doss, Dr. .L 1 183 Douglas, C. J 745 Dow, Augustus 250 Doyle, Dr. G. W 237 750 PAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. Doyle, Warren 725 Duff, Asahel 619 Duffleld, Dr. H. T 376 Dunham, Abel 601 Dunham, Daniel 646 Dunham, J. M 487 Dunham, Richard 498 Dunham, W. H 157 Dunn, Dr. B. B 691 Dunn, George H 468 Dustin, C. B 696 Edmiston, Robert 597 Ellis, T. B 254 Emerson, James , 667 Farrand, F. H 723 Farrand, J. A 244 Farrand, M. K 436 Fenton, F. M 345 First National Bank of Pitts- field 307 Fisher, G. R 466 Fisher, Michael 669 Fisher, T. B 659 Fortune, Dr. H. C 347 Fortune, Dr. H. D 622 Frank, David 692 Franklin, Robert 504 Fuller, G. W 234 Furniss, S. F 416 Gaines, S. S 567 Galloway, A. L 734 Gard, Charles 652 Gard, Henry 489 Garrison, Dr. W. H 539 Gay, Dr. F. S 605 Gay, James, Sr 653 Gay, Thomas A 556 Gicker, John R 500 Gillings, Frederick 639 Godwin, M. F 599 Goodwin, W. H 621 Gose, C. B 478 Grammer, Sam 455 Gray, George E 570 Gray, H. N 421 Gray, T. B.. 566 Greene, Dr. D. W 675 Greene, J. M 492 Greiwe, H. H 579 Griffeth, Justus 463 Grimes, W. B 216 Grimshaw, W. A 174 Grubb, Jon P 553 Hadsell, Leander 415 Haines, C. N 668 Haines, G. R 655 Haines, H. W 608 Hake, George 702 Hall, Charles 725 Hammond, L. B 441 Hamner, H.J 720 Hanks, Nancy 690 Harbourne, J. A 458 Harrington, J. C 731 Harvey, Dr. L. J 438 Harvey, W. M 598 Haskins, S. T 283 Haskins, W. H 151 Hatch, Abbie A 162 Hatch, John F 172 Heavner, Bluf ord 632 Hess, A. E 620 Hess, J. D 220 Hicks, Daniel D 270 Hicks, R. T 304 Higbee, C. L 149 Higbee. Harry 184 Hill, Charles, Sr 555 Hirsheimer, S., Sr 456 Holt, S. M 302 Hopkins, B. B 400 Hopkins, C. L 448 Horton, Mary L 673 Hoyt, E. S 607 Hubbard, W. G 201 Hull, John " 680 Hull, Thomas 575 Huntley, Solon 460 Hurt, C. H 660 Hutton, William 670 Ingalls, CM 522 Ingalls, D. W 575 Ingalbe, X. M 316 Ingram, J. T 534 James, John A 737 James, W. E 488 Johns, Oscar F 424 Johnson, David 695 Johnson, J. G 269 Johnson, Dr. W. H 609 Johnston, Dr. Frank 221 Judd, H. B 267 Kendrick, John 513 Kendrick, S. G 288 Kennedy, D. S 574 Kenney, C. T 228 Kesinger, Ransom 326 Keys, S. A 625 Kibler, J. T 158 Killebrew, Finis 600 King, M. D 370 Kiser, A. L 202 Klein, W. 1 233 Kuhlman, J. W. ., 594 Landess, Levi 656 Lawson, Frank 551 Leggett, G. W 442 Leonard, Alonzo 203 Lewis, W. H 516 Long, W. J. and G. P 678 Lockwood, Dr. J. S 390 Longneoker, P. A 356 Lovell, A. J 617 Loyd, Henry S 257 McCann, Nelson. 711 McCarter, Marcus 470 MoComas, Dr. C. U 511 McConnell, Dr. R. J 354 McDannold, A. L 418 McParland, George 426 McParland, Joseph 410 McKey, J. A 641 McKinney, Dr. G. B 477 McKinney, Dr. J. G 168 McMahan, L. W 494 Manker, C. A 206 Manton, Thomas 454 Martin, Hutson 658 Martin, T. M 427 Massie, H. A 632 Massie, M. D 196 Matthews, A. C 190 Matthews, B. L 310 Mays, Marcellus 156 Medaris, John 746 Meisenbach, W. H 627 Miller, Barney 688 Miller, W. D 689 Moore, Samuel 635 Morton, John B 321 Myers, William, Jr 596 Neese, A. S 737 Nighbert, Dr. J. D 227 Northup, Arden 183 Norton, J. M 155 Oakley, W. L 569 Orr, Jefferson 152 Parker, G. W 391 Payne, W. E 708 Peacock, Dr. S. B 533 Peck, William A 744 Pennington, G. S 282 Penstone, Edward 150 Penstone, Giles H 161 Petty, M. N 637 Pollock, Dr. J. R 459 Pollock, Dr. R. R 366 Potter, Thomas 546 Powell, Eli 448 Powell, Jacob 606 Powell, W. B 347 Pratt, George E 214 Priestly, G. P 399 Rainwater, Dr. J. H 325 Reed, John 677 Retallic, T. A 313 Robb, C. P 402 Roberts, E. M 611 Roberts, G. W 719 Roberts, Susan 342 Ross, A. K 548 Ross, Col. William 222 Rowland, B. H 238 Rupert, C. 1 714 Rupert, Mrs. E. L 700 Rupert, William 693 Rupert, William 648 Rush, Hiram 235 Rust, E. R 435 Sargent, W. P 712 Schedel, Jacob 476 Schwartz, Dr. G. W 657 Scott, Lyman 323 Scranton, Nathan 739 Seaborn, W. H 276 Seybold, G. W 374 Shadel, Charles 212 Shastid, Jon 333 Shastid, Dr. T. W 348 Shastid, Dr. W. E 269 Shinn, Albion 490 Shinn, William 373 Shive, M. V 557 Shoemaker, Thomas 294 Shrigley, G. W 411 Shultz, N, R 315 Sigsworth, John 612 Simmons, C. M 319 Sitton, J. K 397 Skinner, Dr. W. 253 FAST AND PRESENT OF PIKE COUNTY. 75 T Sleight, John G 559 Smart, S. H 199 Smith, David 724 Smith, Elmer 726 Smith, George M 560 Smith, George "W 243 Smith, Granville O 299 Smith, John A 287 Spencer, "W. S. . . ■ 353 ■ Standley, G. W 684 Stone. Edward 505 Stoner, D. W 293 Stoner, Dr. E. R 336 Stults, William 256 Sweeting, H. W 509 Sykes, Frank 330 Sykes, James 382 Terry, J. L 213 Thiele, William 565 Thomas, Dr. J. S 506 Thompson, Sylvester W 525 Thornton, N. A 726 Thurmon, Dr. C. B 715 Thurmon, Dr. F. M 236 Thurmon, Dr. J. D 616 Thurmon, Dr. W. F 733 Thurmon, W. H 697 Toner, J. C 393 Turnbaugh, W. E 417 Turnbaugh, Jacob 514 Walch, John, Sr 549 Walker, J. R 526 Walker, L. L 381 Walker, W. H 694 Ward, Lyman 309 Watkins, J. P 444 Watson, Dr. T. M 547 Webb, I. T. .. 686 Weber, John 167 Weeks. R. M 425 Welch, Dr. J. H 722 Wells, H. F 577 Wells, J. H 668 Wheelan, James 335 WhitaKor, James 642 White, John '. 591 Wike, George 428 Wike, G. H 300 Willard, C. W 493 Willard, S. A 602 Williams, A. C 412 Williams, D. A 716 Williams, J. W 290 Williams, N. B 530 Williams, Samuel 742 Williams, W. B 404 Williamson, E. B 367 Williamson, Gay 258 Williamson, James 665 Wills, A. V 204 Wills. W. R 181 Willsey, J. G 264 Wlllsey, W. R 188 Wilson, Joseph 481 Wilson, W. H 379 Winans, E. C 432 Winans, I. N 536 Windmiller, Jacob 301 Windmiller, W. A 334 Windsor, W. H 483 Winn, Charles G 450 Witham, G. W 401 Woods, E. M 550 Wright, B. S 538 Wyatt, C. R 666 Yaeger, Andrew 268 Yaeger, John G .'303 Yokem, Solomon 676 Yokem, W. H. 712 s; z o m Z 8 ^m^.