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''■.; r-: \' 2-7?7r!? ?^) CLmTONAE IN EEPUBLICA ISTEO-EBOEACENSI APUD 6E0BGIUM GUILIELMUM BROWNING THE CAPTIVES of plautus Presented in Latin, under the Auspices of the Latin Club of Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, by Members of the Club, on the Campus, Friday, June 20th, 1913, at 8 p. m. THE LATIN CLUB M. W. Adams W. R. Harper C. L. Barber H. Insley L. W. Bissell T. C. Jessup C. K. Chase, Regent W. B. Johnson R. A. Clarke J. H. Hahn C. H. Dayton, Sec.-T. H. R. Hastings A. M. Groves, Pres. D. B. Kimball K. R. MeNair W. E. Peck A. S. Pohl L. L. Stratton W. B. Sherwood R. C. Thompson, V.-Pres. G. W. Walker J. VanA. "Weaver D. A. Woodcock Stage Managers: L. W. Bissell, D. B. Kimball. The Delphic Hymn to Apollo is from the Reynach transcription of the original Greek music and is sung by Mr. H. A. Banks. The other entr'acte music is sung by students of the College. Grateful acknowledgment is here made to the St. Francis Xavier College, of New York, for the use of the translations found in this libretto; to Harvard College for the loan of the Frederic DeForest Allen music, written for the Phormio of Terence and used in the cantiea of this play. The traditional arrangement of acts — which, however, is not Plautine — has been for convenience changed from five to three acts. In order to shorten the play and facilitate the movement, lines are here and there omitted. Scene 3 of Act II (in the original text), which does not advance the action, is omitted with the exception of the last few lines. Clinton may be reached from Utica by electric cars running every half hour from the N. Y. C. station, returning every hour. The College is a mile walk from the village, but carriages may be secured. Teachers of the classics will have reserved seat tickets mailed them upon request. No charge is made for admission. ABGUMENT Hegio, a wealthy citizen of Calydon in Aetolia, has two sons. One of them was stolen at the age of four years, by a faithless slave, and has been given up as irrevocably lost. The other son, Philopolemus, has, shortly before the time at which the play is supposed to begin, been taken captive by the Eleans, who are at war with the Aetolians. In the hope of recovering this captive son, Hegio has begun to traffic in Eleans captured by the Aetolians, with a view to getting some one whom he can exchange for his son. Among the captives thus purchased are a noble Elean by the name of Philocrates and his slave TjTidarus. These are the two captives referred to in the title of the play. They have conceived the plan of exchanging names and clothing in order to mislead Hegio. Accordingly Philocrates, in the presence of Hegio, acts the part of a slave, T3mdarus the part of the master. It is agreed that Hegio shall send the supposed slave back to Elis to arrange an exchange between his master and Philopolemus. After Philocrates has thns gained his freedom, the identity of Tyndarus is betrayed to Hegio by Aristophontes, another captive, who happened to have known both Philocrates and Tyndarus in Elis. Hegio is slow to realize that he has been made the victim of a trick, but, when it finally dawns upon him, his indignation knows no bounds. Tyndarus is put at hard labor in the stone quar- ries. In good time, however, Philocrates returns, bringing with him not merely Philopolemus, but also Stalagmus, the runaway slave that had stolen Hegio 's other son. It is now learned that Stalagmus sold the child to the father of this very Philocrates, and that Tyndarus, now in the stone quarries, is none other than Hegio 's long-lost son. Hegio is thus reunited to both of his sons and his happiness is marred only by the regret that he has unwittingly caused one of them so much suffering. THE CAPTIVES— Plautus THE CAPTIVES A play of Plautus, arranged in three acts Scene — A street in the Greek city of Calydon, in Aetolia, lead- ing on the [players'] right to the harbor, or country; and on the left to the centre of the city. The background represents the house of Hegio, a wealthy citizen of Calydon. The scene remains the same throughout the play. Time — The morning. Prologue The prologue enters to explain the general situation and ths character of the play, endeavoring also to put the audience in an appreciative frame of mind. The two Elean captives, Philocrates and Tyndarus, master and man, respectively, are seen in heavy chains in front of the house, having already changed clothing in order to deceive Hegio as to their identity. Lo! these two captives that you see — to- wit: These that are standing, stand; they do not sit. Now you're my witnesses, 'tis truth I tell! The old man, Hegio, that within doth dwell, Is this one 's sire ; but first, if you behave, I'll tell you why he is his father's slave. Old Hegio had two sons: one four years old, A slave made off with, and in Elis sold Umto the father of this man in chains. Now, have you this well holden in your brains? By Jove, that man says "no" right over there; Move up! there's room to walk, tho' seats be rare. Must actors bawl like beggars for your sake And yell their lungs out? I won't; dom't mistake. You, that pay taxes and can take front row, Hear what remains; then naught to you I'll owe. This slave that ran away, as I have told, His master's son to this man's father sold, Who made the little slave his son's own page, Since that the twain were nearly one in age. Now home again is he; a captive, though; Sold to his father, whom he dosen't know. THE CAPTIVES— Plautus Wliat footballs make the gods of every one! Thus have you heard how Hegio lost one son. When the Aetolians, after, rose in arms 'Gainst those of Elis (as in war's alarms Oft happens), then the other son was caught, And by Menarchus, the physician, bought In Elis. Hegio, his son to free In meet exchange for one of high degree. Straightway in Eleam captives 'gins to trade. Hoping, if luck so wills, his case to aid: Nor dreaming that beneath his roof this one Is verily his erst long-stolen son, But hearing how am Elean knight was late A prisoner ta'en — of highest rank and state, No time doth waste, but adds him to his slaves. And saves no gold, if but his son it saves. And homesick for the youth, without ado. Buys from the praetor's spoil these very two! But they between them have contrived a plan Which frees the master — aided by his man. They change their names and garments mutually; He calls himself Philocrates, while he Pretends he's Tyndarus, and for the day Each has agreed the other's part to play. This slave shall act to-day right cleverly, And by the trick his own good master free. His brother, too, will he, by this they've planned, Eestore to father and to fatherland. But all unknowing. Just as often you Perform more good than you intend to do. This is the plot we carry on to-day: For us, grim fact; for you, mere actor's play. One other thing, in brief I would suggest: 'Twill pay, indeed, to listen with some zest To this our play. 'Tis not a hackneyed story Nor shows a lioie to tarnish virtue's glory. No perjured pander here, no shameless jade. No blustering man-at-arms. Be not ^aid Because I spoke just now of bloody strife THE CAPTIVES— Plautus 'Twist Elean lords and brave Aetolians rife. We do our fighting ail behind the scenes; Moreover, tragedy's beyond our means, Since we're comedians. If any now Spoils for a fight, let him begin the row. If 'gainst a better man he's found to be, I'll raise a fight he'd hardly care to see; Treat him, in fact, to such a dose of fight. He'll never care to see one from to-night. I go ; most upright judges, au revoir, Lions in peace, and heroes eke in war. AOT I. Scene 1. [Enter Ergasilus, a parasite or professional diner-out. He be- wails the difficulties of his profession since the capture of his patron, PhUopolemus.] When holidays are come, and things are dull, And folks the while go faring countyward, Then things are dull indeed for our poor teeth! For even as snails, that hide when days are hot And no dew falls, must batten on their own juice, So parasites must hide in the holidays And feed, poor wretches, on their own thin juice, While men whose dishes they are wont to lick, In careless comfort rusticate abroad. A parasite, poor dog, is greyhound gaunt When holidays are come; but when they're pg-st, A mastiff he! — a right stiff mastiff he! A most detestably distasteful dog! But mow, ia faith, all parasites must bear Fist practice at a feast, and dinner plates Broke on their pates, or else descend to beg, With bag in hand, outside the city gate. There's danger yet that I may come to this, Since that my patron Philopolemus Is captured by the foe (such war is there 'Twixt Eleans and Aetolians-here's Aetolia.) In EKs, tho', they've caught old Hegio's son. THE CAPTIVES— PlautuB His that here dwells, — to me, a house of woe ! For oftem as I look thereon, I weep. For his boy's sake, into disgraceful traffic, Most foreign to his nature, has he entered. And any one ta'en captive, purchases. Seeking exchamges for his captive son. In which I humbly pray he may succeed ! For if he fails, perchance, to find the lad. There's nowhere left for me to find myself. Young bloods are hopeless cases; all self -lovers. He was a youth of good old-fashioned cut, Whose brow I never smoothed without return. In manner, worthily his father's matched; I'll go to him; but there's his door ajar. Whence, many a time, I roll'd top-full with cheer. [Stands aside.] Scene 2. Hegio, Lorarius, Ergasilus. [The two captives in the background.] Hegio and the Lorarius enter from the house without observing Ergasilus. After ordering the captives to be made more comfort- able by the substitution of light chains for the heavier ones, Hegio indulges m a little good-natured banter with his slave overseer, over the latter 's desire for freedom. Ergasilus then presents himself, reciting his affection for Hegio 's son, now a captive in Elis, and telling of his difficulty in getting din- ner invitations these days. Hegio is moved by his tears and protes- tations and there follows some very amusing repartee on the sub- ject of dining out. In response to the hints of Ergasilus, Hegio laughingly succumbs and invites him to dinner that evening, assur- ing him, however, against Ergasilus' protests, th^t it will be a very plain meal. Ergasilus agrees to come unless he secures meanwhile a more promising invitation. [Exeunt.] ^ x/ Scene 3. Lorarii, Philocrates, Tyndarus. The chief of the Lorarii (whose duty it was to attend to th« guarding — and flogging — of slaves), advises the two captives to bear their fate philosophically as a dispensation from heaven. The cap- tives complain to him of the severity of their treatment and request an opportunity of talking together in private. The Lorarii retire to one side of the stage, leaving the captives alone. Philocrates and Tyndarus then perfect the plan, already referred to in the prologue, that each should impersonate the other; Philocrates strongly im- THE CAPTIVES— Plautus presses upon Tyndarus the necessity of the latter 's treating him hereafter as an inferior. Scene 4. Hegio, Philocrates, Tyndarus. In this scene comes the climax in the deception of Hegio, result- ing from the confusion in the identities of Philocrates and Tyndarus. Hegio first accosts Tyndarus, aside, supposing him to be Philocrates, and learns all he wishes to know concerning the high station of Philocrates and his father in Elis. Tyndarus masquerading as Philo- crates overhears from a distance the conversation and is delighted with the ease with which Hegio is duped. The latter then turns to the supposed Philocrates, who begs Hegio not to let his captives suffer through his greed for gain, but to consent to the slave Tyn- darus' being sent to Elis to negotiate the exchange of Hegio 's cap- tive son Philopolemus, and Philocrates. When Hegio 's consent is finally gained, thanks to the ruse, Philocrates is actually freed and sent to Elis instead of the valet, Tyndarus. Hegio, with grateful generosity, orders the remaining captives to be freed. [Exeunt] ACT n. Scene 1. Ergasilus [Ergasilus enters in great dejection, having returned from the market place after a hopeless quest for a dinner invitation from some of the young aristocrats of the city.] Ergas. — Wretched the man who fares afield for meat, And that same meat but barely finds withal; More wretched still who seeks and nothing finds; Most wretched he who, when he longs to eat, Has not a single crust to munch upon. Oh! how I long to pluck the very eyes From out this day: for every mortal soul Has made me weary with his stinginess. A day more hungriful, more stuffed with naught, I never saw; a day when all goes wrong; A fasting holiday for my poor maw. Perdition on the trade of parasite! The youth will none of us poor, needy jokers ; No more, Laconians at the table's end, — Sir Buffet-bearers, living on their talk. They now dine those who'll do as much by them; They cater for themselves, our task before. Us poor buffoons they value not a penny. 10 THE CAPTIVES— Plautus Contemptible self -lovers they! For lo! A little while agone I went from hence, And met some youngsters lounging in the forum. "Good-day," said I, "where go we now to luncheon?" But not a single word they answered me. "Who says 'with me'; who makes an offer, 'come?" They're dimib as mutes, can't see the joke. Say I, ' ' Where dine we out to-day ? ' ' They shake their heads. Thereat I give them one of my best jokes, Wherewith I often got me a month's free board: — Not even a smile. I knew at once the thing Was done with spitefulness prepense: I' faith. Not one would even ape an angered dog; For though they would not laugh, they might have grinned. I left, for that I saw myself made sport of. When others met me, lo! the same result — They've all combined against us poor buffoons, — Combiaed like merchants in the oil exchange. Thence am I now returned, beiag laughed to scorn. And yet there's many another parasite Prowling in vain about the market place. Now will I have my rights by law barbaric. For those who've formed a plot to hamper us In food and livelihood, I'll name a day. I'll ask for damages, that they give to me Ten dinners at my will, at fancy prices. I'll hie me to the harbor now: 'tis there My sole remaining hope of dinner lies. If that should come to naught I'll speed me hither, And dine on sober fare with Hegio. [Exit.] Scene 2. Tyndarus. [Tyndarus enters greatly agitated, and retreats before the ar- rival of Hegio, who is bringing Aristophontes, a captive Elean knight and a man well acquainted with Tyndarus, to see him. Tyn- darus forsees trouble, when Aristophontes learns that he is mas- querading as Philocrates.] THE CAPTIVES— Plautus XI Now stands it so that I would much prefer To be no more than still on earth to live; Now hope, and help, and succor pass me by. To-day there is no safety for my life, Nor aid nor hope to drive away this fear; No refuge for my assurance; no escape From all the consequences of my plot. The tricks that were concealed, are now exposed; All is divulged, and naught there now remains Save that for my lord's sake I undergo Disgraceful ruin and most bitter death. This Aristophontes, who has gone within, Has ruined me: the fellow knows me well. He's friend and kinsman to Philocrates. Salvation's self can never save me now: Escape there's none, unless I hatch some plan. Plague take it! What can I contrive? Yea! What? I am undone, unless I can discover Some foolish trickery to serve my end. Scene 3. Hegio, Aristophontes, Tyndarus. In this scene, Tyndarus, made desperate, attempts by a bold ruse, to prevent Aristophontes' convincing Hogio tJiat he (Tyndarus) is not the knight Philocrates but merely the slave, Tyndarus; he calls to Hegio to keep away from Aristophontes, on the ground that the latter is given to fits of madness, has tried to murder his own father and mother and is not responsible in what he says or does. Aris- tophontes is highly indignant, threatens Tyndarus, beseeches Hegio to believe him and not think him mad. Tyndarus continues to in- terrupt Aristophontes and heap abuse upon him openly, at the same time trsdng behind Hegio 's back to catch Aristophontes' at- tention by signals and gestures and thus let him know the real situation and the trick he and his master are playing upon Hegio, but Aristophontes is blind to his attempts. After a period of uncertainty, Hegio at last listens to Aristo- phontes, learns that he has been deceived and that the real Philo- crates has escaped him. His indignation is boundless and despite all Tyndarus' protestations, Hegio gives orders to his overseer and assistants, who now enter, to chain Tyndarus heavily and remove him for punishment. [Exeunt.] 12 THE CAPTIVES— PlautuB __ ACT III. Scene 1. Ergasilus, Hegio. [Ergasilus enters first (from the harbor), running wildly, gei- tioulating and shouting out the fact that he has important news for Hegio.] , J^iii Ergas. — Jove Supreme, guardian of my ways, And author of my wealth, thy bounteous hand With ample plenty now enriches me. Eenown and profit, pleasure, festive joy, Sweet merriment, and mirth of holidays! A princely suite, and fulness of good cheer! From cares released, no more I'll cringe to men With suppliant knee, thus potent am 1 now My friend to aid, to ruin my enemy. gladdest of glad days, o'erwhelming me With joyous gladsomeness ! For I have reached An ample heirship, free from sacred liens. Now will I wend my way to Hegio, To whom I carry blessings greater far Than he himself e'en craves for from the gods. My purpose now is fixed around my neck My cloak to throw, like slaves in comedy, That first of all from me he may receive This joyous news; then safely may I hope My message will procure unending feasts. At the end of this speech, Ergasilus, carrying out the idea that he has just suggested of gathering his cloak around his neck and running madly, gives a ludicrous pantomime of a man in great haste to reach Hegio 's house (only a few yards distant) with impor- tant news, stopping, however, to warn all his fellow townsmen to keep out of his way, and issuing lordly edicts to them. Hegio, meanwhile, who enters from the left dolefully telling of his troubles and the absurd manner in which he has been duped, catches sight of Ergasilus and his wild movements, and from behind the altar at the left end of the stage, passes running comment on Ergasilus' actions. At length Ergasilus rushes up to the door of Hegio 's house, knocking loudly and demanding admittance. Hegio comes forward and calls to Ergasilus, who on seeing him nearly overwhelms him with congratulations. By degrees, in spite of the bewildering nature and impetuosity of Ergasilus' replies, Hegio learns his news, namely, that Ergasilus has seen at the harbor, his son Philopolemus returning THE CAPTIVES— Plautus IS with Philocrates and bringing also Stalagmus, the unprincipled slave who had twenty years before run away from Hegio, stealing the latter 's four-year-old son. At first Hegio is incredulous and believes himself duped, but is finally convinced after Ergasilus has sworn to him by all the barbaric oaths he can think of. Hegio now has- tens in the direction of the harbor, first promising Ergasilus free dinners for the rest of his life and commissioning him to take entire charge of his kitchen and larder. After a few extravagant expressions of joy, Ergasilus rushes into the house. Scene 2. [There is great commotion in Hegio 's house. The sound of breaking crockery is heard. Slaves are seen rnnning hither and thither. One of them comes forward.] A Boy. — The cnrse of Jnpiter and all the gods Light on yoTi, and yonr maw, Ergasilus! A plague upon all fawning parasites, And those who henceforth feed them at their board ! What woeful ruin now befalls onr house! He came upon ns like a ravening wolf; I feared he'd turn on me; indeed, great fear Upon me seized, so did he gnash his teeth. He entered, topsy-turvy went the pantry! He seized a knife, and from three backs cut tidbits. He broke the pots, and every cup — all save The demijohns; and then he asked the cook If salting-pans could straightway heated be. And each and every cellar in the honse He's rummaged through, e'en all the storerooms, too! Keep well this fellow, an it please you, slaves. While I'll be off to meet old Hegio. I'll tell him look for provender, if e'er He wish to eat. For all is gone, or soon Will be, so much this fellow stows away! [Exit towards the harbor.] Seene 3. Hegio, Philopolemus, Philocrates, Stalagmus. Hegio is seen coming from the harbor, with his son Philopole- mus, now returned from Elis, and Philocrates, who thus keeps his faith with Hegio. The runaway slave Stalagmus is with them, sulky and insolent. Hegio now openly regrets his harsh treatment of TyndaruB, who has been sent to the chain-gang in the stone quar- 14 THE CAPTIVES— Plautus lies, and word is sent immediately to free Tyndarus and bring him to Hegio's house. [Exeunt into house Philopolemus and Philoeratee.] Scene 4. Hegio, Stalagmus, Philocrates. Hegio now questions Stalagmus, addressing him at first with sarcastic politeness. Stalagmus abruptly confesses that he sold Hegio's youthful son, twenty years ago, to Theodoromedes of KHs, father of the young Elean knight Philocrates, now Hegio's sruest. When Hegio learns this startling information, he calls loudly to Philocrates to come at once out of the house. As soon as he appears Hegio tells him of Stalagmus' assertion. Then follows a rapid fire of question and answer between Stalagmus and the incredulous Philocrates, which results in the discovery that the slave Tyndarus, who has been so teavily punished by Hegio, is none other than the latter 's long lost son. Hegio is at the same, time rejoiced and over- whelmed with grief at his harsh treatment of Tyndarus. Scene 5. Hegio, Stalagmus, Philocrates, Tyndarus. The concluding scene is merely a continuation of Scene 4. Tyn- darus appears, coming from the stone quarries; he shows visibly the effects of his harsh treatment. The scene opens with a short solilo- quy, in which Tyndarus tells of the anguish of his recent sufferings. Hegio and Philocrates rush up to him, greeting him affectionately. Tyndarus, half dazed, gradually recalls dim remembrances of his long lost father. Orders are given to free him from his heavy chains and place these on Stalagmus. [Exeunt.] Epilogne. [One of the actors comes forward and recites the following con- cluding lines to the audience.] Good friends, this play is built on manners chaste : Few plays like this do poets find in haste, Whereby the good are changed to better still. If yon be pleased with it, and our good will, Show sign thereof; and here in Virtue's cause Give prompt and due reward by your applause. Hale's First Latin Book (Revised Edition) This well-known First Latin Book has recently been revised and is now without doubt the most practical as well as the most usable book ever published for this important subject. It treats Latin as a living and not as a dead language. Are you acquainted with it? ATKINSON, MENTZER & CO. BOSTON NEW YOEK CHICAGO ATLANTA DALLAS To Hold the Interest in Latin these texts have been most successful: WALKER'S CAESAa KNAPP'S VERGIL JOHNSTON AND KINGERY'S CICERO Notes at the foot of study page. Separate text for class use. Correspondence invited concerning these and other books in the LAKE LATIN SERIES. SCOTT, FORESMAN & COMPANY C. E. KECK, Eastern Manager. NEW YORK 460 Fourth Avenue Cornell University Library PA 6570.C2 1913 T. MaccI Plauti Captlvos: 3 1924 026 477 814