ll ^l- I't. .. . .'Ki'.-.s.J' .. .C •»■■■. ■.'V,v .1 ■.-■'■*"■'■■'■ '>■■■.-'"-'•■ : ■ F 74 .B58K55 "sM "^ ''""^ "'llilMiiim& 3 1924 025 963 210 Of arncU Unittctaitg Hihrarg 3ltl)ata, ^tm ^ntk BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 The date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy tixe call No. and give to the Ubrarian, HOME USE RULES ■•;>•»■•.. _____^_ ' All Books subject to Recall -t^m* All borrowers must regis- ...„.„ terin the library to borrow books for home use. AU books most be re- turned at end of college •■**:■-■ year for; inspectscm and repairs. Limited books must be re- A....... , turned within the four week limit and not renewed. ""r Stxldents must return all books before leaving town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Voltunes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the Ubrary as much as • V •" possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited time. „ Borrowers should not use their library privileges for •* the benefit of other persons. « ; Books of special value —"•■". jj^^ gj£^ books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. — V Readers are asked to re- port, all cases of books " ' marked or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. HS5 ^^jM. ^. ^^t^<^C- '^ v^O-v-, y^, -^ «• ^L^'-^----'^-''^^.^^., Kingsbar J, Fastor of the Church, Warren Ordway, Joshua Holt, Dea. Albert L. Kimball. COMMITTBE OF THE PARISH. Hon. William Cogswell, Albert Kimball, Orestes West. COMMITTEE OF THE PROPKIETOES. Warren Ordway, John B. Farrar, Charles Tenney, Albert Kimball. VI MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. COMMITTBB OF THE TOWN. Charles B. Emerson. Walter Ordway, Wm. B. Kimball, Frank H. Pearl, Harlan P. Waldo, Harrison E. Ohadwick, Justin E. Bradstreet, Samuel W. Hopkirispn, Benjamin Gr. Perry, Harrison Williams, The day was very auspicious, the air was clear and the sun shone brightly, as the large congregation assembled at the appointed hour. Among the many friends and invited guests from abroad were the following : — Kev. Prof. Edwards A. Park, D. D., of Andover, Eev. E. K. Alden, D. D., Sec. A. B. C. P M., Kev. H. M. Dexter, Editor of the Congregationalist, Eev. W. P. Slocum, Salisbury, Eev. E. H. Seeley, D. D., Haverhill, Eev. J. N. Lowell and wife, Haverhill, Kev. John Bragdon and wife, Haverhill, Eev. S. J. Spalding, D. i)., Newburyport, Eev. Levi Rodgers, Georgetown, Rev. D. D. Marsh and wife, Georgetown, Rev. Joseph Kimball, Andover, Rev. Geo. L. Gleason and wife, Byfield, Rev. Wm. Alcott aod wife, Boxford, Rev. 0. L. Hubbard, West Boxford, Eev. C. E. Park, West Boxford, Eev. A. C. Swain and wife, Groveland, Moses Parker, M. D , and wife, Groveland, Rev. John Pike, D. D., and wife, Rowley, Rev. George A. Perkins, Salem, N. H., John Orowell, M. D., and wife, Haverhill, Rev. 0. D. Herbert and wife. West Newbury, Rev. M. A. Dougherty, West Newbury, MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. VU H. I. Ordway and wife, Boston, .Gen. Wm. Cogswell, Salem, H. E. Holt, MuB. Doc, Boston, George W, A.. Williams and wife, Boston, Prof.- S. M. Downs, Mus. Doc. Andover, Mrs. S. M. Downs, Andover, W. F. Draper, A. M , Andover, Rev. Joseph Kyte and wife, Haverhill, George T. Brown and wife, Melrose, Rev. Alfred Emerson,- Dorchester, John Perkins, A. M., Principal of Diimraer Academy. Hon. William Cogswell, Chairman of the day, presided gracefully over the assembly. Order op Exercises la the Church at 10 o'clock. Voluntary ron Organ, . - . . John Batchelder Anthem, - - Chorus Choir, H. M. Walton, Director Reading of Scriptures, Rev. S. J. Spalding, D.D., Newburyport Prayer, - - - Rev. R. H. Seeley, D. D., Haverhill Singing, Hymn by Rev. Jonathan Allen, Pastor of First Church, Bradford, from 1781 to 1827. Great is the Lord, the heavenly king. To him your grateful incense bring, And praise his glorious name ; Rejoice in him who reigns on high, In worlds of light above the sky. And speak his endless fame. Ye listening spheres attention lend. Ye orbs of light your voices blend. In one exalted theme ; Angels shall strike their golden lyre. Their vocal songs all heaven inspire. To praise their king supreme. ' Tin MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Thou bending canopy give way, And vibrate to the realms of day, Such tunes as mortals raise ; Then let creation join the song, And anthems trill on every tongue, And sing his endless praise. Glory to Him who reigns above. All glory to the source of love. And to his sacred name ; Glory to God all nature pays, Let heaven and earth repeat his praise, And bow before the Lamb. Address, - - - Rev. John Pike, D. D., of Rowley " Rowley and Bradford ; their former relations." Singing, - Psalm as sung 200 years ago. PSALM CXXII. 1 ^:=t^ - 1. I did in heart re-joiee To heare the peo-ple's voice, In of-fer-Ingso will-ing-ly; 2. The Tribes with one ac-cord, The Tribesof God the Lord, Are thitherbenttheir waytotake. 3. To pray let us not cease For Je-ru -sa-lem's peace; Thy friends God prosper mightily. ^ ^ For let ns np.say they, And In the Lord's house pray; Thus spake the folke f nil lovtagly. So God be-fore did tell That then his Is - ra -el Theirxprayera should together make Peace be thy walla a- hout And pros-per thee throughout Thy Fal-la-ces cou-thi-ual-ly. ^ J J J ii l\^\ r r ^4^=^-f-pU^ Onr feet that wandered -wide.Shall In Thy gates a -bide. Oh thon Je-ni-sa-lem.fullfalre; For there are thrones e-rect And that for this re-spectTo set forth Justice or-der-ly. I wish thy prosperous state, For my poore brethren's sake That comfort hare by means of these i eS JdTt ^ ^m ^ Which art so seara-ly set Much like a ci-tie neatc.The like whereof is not elsewhere. Which throne's righttomaintain, To David's house pertaine, His folke to judge according-ly i God's house dolh me al - lure Thy wealth tor to pro - cure So muchaa al-waysliesin me. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. ix Historical Address, - - - Rev. J. D. Kingsbury •^"t'lem, Chorus Choir Benediction. Dinner at 12.30 P. M. After dinner Services, held in the Chapel. The Daughter Church, Groveland, - Rev. A. C. Swain The Ootemporary Church, porary Church, ) t i, n n Ar rw Centre Church, Haverhill, \ J"^" Crowell, M. D. f the Church ( t, arc, u- t. t% the Conference, i^^'^- S- J- Spaulding, D. D. The Relation of the Church to The New England Ministry, Prof. Edwards A. Park, D. D. The Relation of the Church ) Rev E, K. Alden, D. D. to early Mission Work, j Sec. A. B. C. P, M. The History of the Sunday School, - H. E. Chadwick Incidents connected with the early History of the Church and Town, Dea. William Day, Hon George Cogswell, Warren Ordway, Gen. William Cogswell, Herbert I. Ordway, W. B. Kimball and others. In the evening, the church and chapel were open for a social gatbering, which was largely attended by tbe people of the town, and many old residents of Bradford, and friends from abroad, who had come to join in the Memorial Services. The graceful account -which was given in the Congregationalist of the following week was prepared by one of the editors, who was present : — " The church in Bradford, Mass., celebrated the two- hundredth anniversary of its organization on Wednesday, Dec. 27. It is peculiarly rich in historic associations, and we regret that it is impossible for us to give more X MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. than a brief sketch of such an occasion in its career. The exercises consisted of a memorial service in the church in the forenoon and a collation in the chapel at noon, followed by after-dinner speeches, with a social gathering in the evening. The weather was most favor- able, and the attendance was large. At the forenoon service the devotional exercises were conducted by Rev. Drs. S. J. Spalding and R. H. Seeley. Some of the music was ancient in style, one hymn was copied from the mapuscript of Rev. Jonathan Allen, one of the early pastors of the church, and another hymn, sung by the congregation, led by an excellent chorus choir was set to a tune in one part, taken from the old Bay Psalm Book. Rev. Dr. John Pike of Rowley made a spirited address upon Rowley and Bradford, Their Former Relations, Bradford originally having been in- cluded in Rowley, and the Rowley church, of which Dr. Pike was so long the pastor, being the mother of that in Bradford. The event of the occasion was the elaborate and emi- nentlj'^ entertaining historical address by Rev. J. D. Kingsbury, the pastor. It ought to be, and, we pre- sume, will be published in full, especially as large por- tions of it necessarily had to be omitted in the delivery. Sketching first the settlement of Rowley by farmers from Yorkshire, England, it described successively and very graphically their life in this then new country, the growth of the town, the gradual overflow of families up the Merrimac until what is now Bradford was settled, the setting off of the latter from the former, the controlling power of the church in every such community, the for- mation of this church, the style of its successive meet- ing-houses and their locations, the order of worship, the ten pastors who one after another have ministered to it before Mr. Kingsbury, the precious revivals in its his- tory, its close connection in good words and works with the famous Bradford Academy, its intimate and influeu- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. XI tial relation to the great and holy work of foreign mis- sions, its delightful associations with the neighboring churches, and a number of other particulars of similar consequence. It was listened to with the closest atten- tion to end. The speeches in the afternoon, after the ample and most excellent collation had been disposed of, also were of an unusually high order. Rev. Dr. S. J. Spalding, who had been compelled to leave early, had made cor- dial reference, in a few words before departing, to the regard for the church entertained by the sister churches of the Conference. Rev. A. C. Swain narrated pleas- antly the history of the church in Groveland, itself a daughter of the Bradford church. Dr. John Crowell, representing the Centre Church in Haverhill, after a few remarks, read a graceful, witty and appropriate poem, which was received with much evident gratifi- cation. Then Professor Park was called out to speak about The New England Ministry. He was in his well-known mood of mingled fun and seriousness, and his speech, which was essentially unreportable and which, we re- gret to say, bad not been written, amused his hearers excessively while impressing forcibly the usefulness and the immense and imperishable influence of the New Eng- land ministry. Secretary Alden of the American Board, who followed, was in an enthusiastic frame of mind, and having a rare stimulus in the fact of the former connec- tion of Mrs. Judson, Harriet Newell, and other sainted and historic missionary pioneers with this church, made a glowing speech on the theme which lies so near to his heart. Other speakers followed upon the Sun- day school, incidents in the history of the church and town, etc. Three interesting relics were in the pulpit of the church, and attracted much attention. One was an old Bible, brought by William Stickney to the Rowley Colony XU MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. in 1638, another was the original pulpit chair of the Bradford church, and the third was the copy of the Declaration of Independence which was sent to Brad- ford to be read, and which was read, in the church at the formation of the Union. Such anniversaries are full of helpful significance, and the Bradford church and its pastor and all whose efforts contributed to the value and pleasure of the occasion are to be congratulated upon their notable success." MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD, BY J. D. KINGSBUET. ^^7^"*^:^^^^ MEMORIAL HISTORY BRADFORD, MASS. PROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE CLOSE OF 1882. BY J. D. KINGSBURY. HAVERHILL, MASS.: C. C. MORSE & SON, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS.^ 1883. MEMORIAL HISTORY. PIEST SETTLEMENT. A little company of Yorkshire farmers appear in the untrodden wilderness of Agawam. The unbroken forest reaches from the Merrimack to the Naumkeag. There is only a little settlement at Ipswich and at Rowley. Across the river there is a little church under the hill, at the lower edge of Pentucket Cemetery. It is stock- aded with clean and smooth poles sixteen feet high. Around that house of God are gathered the houses of the first settlers of Haverhill. It is 1649 — significant year — Charles I. is beheaded in front of Whitehall Palace. The free commonwealth of England rises to the full of its power. The colonies are inspirited by the news which came over the sea that the principles of civil rights and religious liberty are gaining the ascendancy. These Yorkshire farmers came over from the native land but a little time ago. They are now a part of the Massachusetts colony. Their leader also dies this year — ^the wise, charitable, scholar- ly, devout and intrepid Winthrop. His life, a strange contrast to "the life of his dead sovereign, stands as the emblem of that imperial freedom which henceforth is to be the birthright of man. There has been a growth in ideas. We read it iu the history of the House of Tudor and the House of Stuart. That longing and aspiration after freedom, that regnant power of conscience, that reverence for God which had become a holy passion, that intelligent, determined, invincible purpose, mingling with the principle of loyalty to the Divine law, assert- ing itself in the heart of the English nation is the Puri- tan element in history. It was the sublimest nianhood (5) D , MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. in its contest witli imperial power. It was the grandest heroism the .world has ever seen in its exile and strug- gle on the rugged shores of the new world. We celebrate to-day the growth of the Puritan idea. We go back to the year 1649 when the first settlers came. Twelve years before, a company of Yorkshire smiths and carpenters and farmers and weavers turn their thoughts toward the new world. They land at Salem, they settle at Rowley, sixty families. There is a pleas- ant little village down near the sea, where the great elms have cast a century's shade. The weavers have erected a mill, and have woven the first cotton in the colonies. There walks among those colonists a man of devout spirit, great dignity of character and an indomitable will. It is Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, leader of the colony, pastor of the flock, a non-conformist, a man of wordly substance, of education and personal influence, t3'pe of the New Eng- land hero. He gathered the sixty families. He settles with his flock. They call it Rogers's plantation. It cov- ers the territory now occupied by Rowley and Georgetown and Groveland and Boxford and Bradford. After the first season they change the name to Rowley, from their love to the old Rowley of York. They name ona of their streets Bradford because that was the early home of some of them. The settlement was made at first precisely where the present village of Rowley stands. Village lots were laid out according to the heads of the families and their abil- ity to pay. The whole of the townships outside was held in " commons,"* which extended " five miles every way and not to be laid out to any person." This com- pact social life was a necessity. The country was infested with wolves and bears, and the lurking Indian was al- ways ready to attack the defenceless. ♦Every 1 1-2 acre house lot shall have 1 1-2 gates or cow rights. " 2 K (t (( 4 1-2 " " 3 1 (I (( 13 1-2 " ".4 U (( (1 22 " " 6 I II (« 43 In 1673-4 the ' 'commons" were divided.— Ga^e. f>. 138 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 7 I The settlement on the Merrimack was an expansion of the little colony. The Hasseltines came over with Rogers. They were probably hardy, vigorous men with little education. John could not write his name. They were the pioneers in the movement for the larger growth on the western side. It was the pride of hope and ex- pectation that the plantation might flourish from the river to the sea. These pioneers who have come into the valley of the river are looking for a home. There is a sunny spot, on the easterly slope of the pleasant grove which stands now, as then, near the site of the old town house and pound, where the soil is mellow, and the first flowers open and the early birds chant the first welcome to spring. Near that place they built the first house. John and Robert Hasseltine and William Wilde. They are herdsmen. Rowley plantation has sent its herds into the forests, and these men, with flint-lock musket and ten foot pikes, guard them from the wolf and bear and the Indians, who prowl in the wilderness. A little later they build houses at Indian Hill, the place where they afterwards built the minister's house and the church, and laid out the burial place. In a few years houses , appear on the Merrimack. It was a lonely region, when those herdsmen came. They opened a little place among the oaks and pines. The rest was all wilderness. The herds are turned into the forest, a fence, of poles and brush is raised round the extreme boundary. By degrees the clearings in the forest grow wider. The increasing herds gain better pasture. The English grasses appear on the uplands with richer green, and the fields of corn and wheat and barley give cheerful look to the new settlement. It is primitive life ; none of the modern furniture in the house ; no stoves, but the open fireplace and the Dutch oven and the iron spit, and the precious iron kettle, and never-to- be-forgotten pewter platter. The flax is growing in the 8 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. field close by. There is a loom in the corner of the cabin, a spinning wheel and a quill wheel, a warping frame and seairns, a reel and swifts. After a while, Ann Hasseltine, the first bride of Rowley, will spread out her linen on the grass to whiten in rain and sun ; and the thick warm flannel from the loom will be folded and laid away for winter use, for Robert will need it when the winter days come, and he must guard those herds in winter's cold as well as summer's heat. Those three settlers were granted special privileges by the town of Rowley. The agreement was made with them, in accordance with the vote of the town, by Matthew Boyes, Francis Parrott, with the selectmen, Richard Swan, William Stickney, "William Hobson, Sam- uel Brocklebank and William Tenney, names which af- terwards appear frequently in the annals of Bradford. The agreement was at first made imperfectly. The above men were empowered to renew the covenant in 1652. It was as follows : " Imprimis, That ttie Town of Kowley hath granted to the said Ro^rt Haseltine,* John Haseltine and William Wilde, each of them 40 acres of upland, to be laid out to them as convenient as may be without the great prejudice of the town." " 2d. The said town of Rowley hath granted to the aforesaid parties, each of them, to have commons for 20 head of cattle, which said commons they shall have liberty to fence in, wholly or in part, as they see cause. Provided, that the town of Rowley doth declare that they did restrain them from liberty to erect any more than three tenements upon any part of the aforesaid upland or commons." " 3d. The town hath granted to each of them 20 acres of meadow and which meadow and upland shall be laid out to them when they claim it, unless some Providence of God shall hinder." " 4th. They have liberty to get, each of them, a thousand of Pipestaves yearly, for the space of seven years, which years began in 1649." " 5th. They have liberty on the commons to cut firewood for their families as also timber for building, and for fencing in of their ground, pro- vided, that t.hey are not to fall any fencing stuff within a quarter of a mile of the pasture fence," " They are to be freed from all towne charges for the lands, houses, four *This name is variously spelled in the records. The earliest spelling is Heseltine. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. p oxen, and six eows and four calves, each of them such a quantity, during the space of seven years, begun in 1649 ; also they have liberty to- keep Bwine." " For and in consideration of all the aforesaid privileges, granted by the town of Rowley, to the aforesaid Robert, John, and William , and their heirs and assigns, they have covenaoted with the said towne, for them- selves, their heirs and assigns, sufficiently to look to the herd of cattle, that the towne of Rowley shall put into the pasture during the time of seven years. Provided the cattle be two years old and upward. Provided, also, the town shall give them 2s. by the day, for so much time as they shall spend about looking to said pasture." " 2d. The said Robert, John, and William doth covenant with the towne to provide convenient diet and lodging, at indifferent times, to any that the towne shall send to keep any herd there." The boundaries enlarge ; other famihes settle near ; they push on to the river, farms are laid out, the fear of the Indians grows less. Rogers took great pains to se- cure the highlands above us which we call Head's Hill. By some mistake, that was not included in the original grant. Rogers had travelled through all this wilderness. He marked that beautiful swell of upland which catches the first rays of the morning sun. He had looked out through the oak trees from the highest point upon some of the finest river scenery in New England. He had fixed on that western slope as his boundary. It was laid out to Andover. When he discovered the mistake he went before the General Court and demanded it. But he was refused. He asserted his right, but to no purpose, and he left the court in passion, declaring he would lay the case befo're the elders. Afterwards he apologized for his hot temper but still maintained his right, and when the court understood that he would not relinquish, they gave him his desire. The incident shows the man. A stranger passing through Rowley asked him in the style of Puritan speech, "Are you the man that serves here ?" '■'■Serves .'" said he, " I am the man that rules here." That man was not to be thwarted when he set his heart upon making the noble height his boundary toward the setting sun. The laying out of lands in farm's began after the first lO MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. settlers had occupied the ground about ten years. John Haseltine takes up the lot which includes the west half of the village. His lower corner is where the road turns by Jacob Kimball's.* Robert, his brother, and Wilde are in partnership with him. Their meadow land is well known to this day as the Haseltine meadow. In 1658 Joseph Jewett has laid out to him the whole of "Brad- ford Neck," reaching to Corchitawick (now North An- dover). One Glover settles near the "cove" by Lafay- ette Day's. In 1671 the following lots were laid out below the farm of Glover: To Joseph Chaplin, 35 acres 11 1-2 rods wide at the river. John Simmonds, in right pf Widow Cooper, 42 " 12 (( it Abraham Foster, i( John Burbank, 37 u 12 (( It John Simmonds, (( Thomas Palmer, 36 ft 14 « <■ John SimmondSt a Wm. Wilde and aDolh.66 " 27 a It John Simmonds, (1 Hugh Smith, 38 tt 12 tt i( Jonathan -Hopkinson, «( Michael Hopkinson, 32 tt 14 " " Samuel Boswell, (( Wm.and J'n Boynton, 53 tl 241-2 " « James Dickinson, (I Thomas Dickinson, 5? " 23 u tt Deacon Jewett, (( John Spoforth, 95 " 31 1-2 tt tt^ Mrs. Kimball, Boston, i( ( John Remington 1 and Geo. Kilborn, ^°* (1 30 ti tt i James Canada and \ James Barker, Jr. (( i James Barker, and „, { William Stickney, '" H . ^^ tt 33 1-2 John Boynton, (( ( William Scales, and ^, } Richard Wicom, ^^ (( z6 tt ([ These lots covered the land between Head's Hill and the Haseltine farm and the persons to whom these lands were laid out were the first settlers of the town above the village. Below the village four lots were laid out the same year : To John Watson, in right of Thomas Abbot, 50 acres ii rods wide at the river. Widow'A.Mighill, 215 " 72 " " Thomas Kimball, (number of acres not known). Widow Ann Hobson, 260 *' 44 ** " Thomas KimbaU was the man who was killed by the Indians. Dr. Perrj' says his house was on the road to Boxford, by which he means a road leading from what is now South Groveland to Boxford. The Indians were ♦ Wilde after a few years sold out and went to Ipswich where he died in 1662. He sold part of his land to the Hoseltines and the rest to George Uadley. MEMORIAL. HISTORY OF BRADFORD. II on their way to Rowley that night of the terrible mas- sacre, but changed their mind, went back and turned aside on another road to commit this murder. In Oct. 1676, the General Court remembered that lonely widow by the abatement of her taxes after her cruel captivity. Bradford was not so much troubled by Indian depreda- tions as some of the neighboring towns. But defence was needful. There were three garrison houses built, viz. : one near the John Day place in the upper dis- trict ; one near the old parsonage at Indian Hill ; one where widow Rebecca Foster lived. This last was pali- saded. There was a block house near Mitchell's Falls where the inhabitants often kept watch. Another Thomas Kimball living near the residence of the late John Mar- ble was afterwards taken captive by the Indians, but was not killed. The location of his house is shown at this day. Population increases. Haverhill has come to be a near neighbor. The frequent visits to and fro have already begun thSt long friendship which, whatever names men may call them by, will make them one forever. Robert Haseltine has been plying his ferry across the river for several years by order of General Court, with liberty to "charge fourpence if paid presently, and sixpence if booked." NINETEEN TEAKS APTEE. The line of the river is cleared of trees. Along the river front the hardy yeomen have now a broad belt of " ploughed land," that is, land that has been ploughed and brought under cultivation. Above this is another belt, partially cleared, and bounded by marked trees. Still higher on the slope is the upper range of marked trees, and beyond is still unbroken forest. The road which now leads to Andover, is laid out and at least 12 MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. thirteen houses have been built between the ferry at Haverhill and the Andover line. Along the river from the ferry ran the road to Rowley. In 1662, this road was relaid, and coming up ' what is now Main Street, turned at John Haseltine's corner, which is the corner of Main and Salem Streets.* The years have passed quickly. Robert Haseltine hag a happy group of seven children. John, his brother, has three. Their companion Wilde, has gone to Ipswich. The Kimballs have come into the heritage, the Chaplins, Hopkinson, Boynton and Dickinson ; the Watsons and Mighills and Tenneys and Bailey and Jewett and Worster and Stickney and West and Barker and Shubal Walker, Simonds, Hall, Savory, Gage, Griffin and many others, who are to play a prominent part in the history of the town. Changes have come to Rowley. Most important of all is the death of the leading spirit, Rev. Ezekiel Rogers. He died Jan. 23, 1660. He had grown feeble in later years. Manifold trouble had wearied mind and body He wrote to his friend Rev. Zechariah Symmes, of Charles town, (father of the first pastor of Bradford,) " I am "hastening home. Oh, good brother, I thank God, I " am near home, and you, too, are not far off. We " shall sit next the martyrs and confessors. Cheer up " your spirits. Let us Hae zealous for our God and Christ. "Now the Lord bring us well through our poor pil- " grimage." In his will, he gives the story of his life, * Robert and Ann Ilaaeltine were married 23 d. 10 mo. 1639, being the first married in Rowley. Their children are Ann, born 1 d. 2 mo. 1641. Mary, born 8 mo. 1642, died in infancy. Mary, born 14 d. 12 mo. 1646. Abraham, born 23 d. 3 mo. 1648. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Langhorn, Oct. 4, 1669 ; was town clerk of Bradford from 1686 to 1690, when his brother, Capt. David H., was chosen and continued till 1703. Deliverance b. 21 d. 1 mo. 1651. Elizabeth b. 15 d. 11 mo. 1652. Robert b. 7 d. 9 mo. 1657. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Maximilian Jewett, 21 d. 7 mo. 1680. Gersham b. 31 d. 11 mo. 1661. David was probably born in 1654 or 5. John Haseltine, brother of Robert, was probably mar- ried before crossing the sea. His wife's name was Joan. Their children were Samuel, b. 20 d. 12 mo. 1645. Mary b. 9 d. 10 mo. 1648. Nathaniel, born 20 d, 7 mo. 1656. Perhaps others. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. . I3 his godly ancestry, his conversion, call to the ministry, his suspension from the holy office " for refusing to read from that accursed book that allowed sports on God's holy Sabbath," his exile with his adherents and his life and "rest and comfort" in New England. He gives free expression to his hatred of " all the base opinions of Anabaptists, and Antinomians, and all other Phre- netics, dolays of the times." I do protest against all the evil fashions and guises of this age, both in ap- parel and that general disguisement of long ruffian- like hair." He gave his estate to his kindred in part, but largely to Rowley Church, on certain conditions. These condi- tions not being fulfilled the property went to Harvard CoUege by his provision. The changes which have occurred outside the Rowley Plantation are very great. The Protectorate of Crom- well has passed away, and the great Protector is dead^ and the king is again on his throne, but the free Com- monwealth of England remains. The pride of aristoc- racy has been humbled ; imperious selfishness is never more to have unrestrained power over the consciences of men. It may sit on thrones, and dwell in king's palaoes, but henceforth it must acknowledge the freedom of thought, liberty of conscience and the divine rights of men. The progress of free thought has led into diversities and extremes, and sometimes into falsities. The changes in parties and factions ' reveal many strange vibrations and silent transformations in thought and character. The Quakers appear with new doctrines, a divergent faith, strange practices and troublesome convictions of duty. They interrupt the public worship in Salem and Boston. They denounce the ministers of God as the servants of Satan. They "speak evil of dignitaries." "Whereupon the Puritan, who has been exiled by intol- erance, becomes intolerant, orders the Quakers to be 14 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. wTiipped, imprisoned, to have the ears cropped, to be sold as slaves, and put to death. The General Court is over- taxed in applying remedies for the disorders of the times, and the elders of the churches are filled with grave ap- prehensions concerning the defections from the faith. Meantime, the little plantation by the Merrimack moves on in its quiet way. No Quakers either then or after- ward disturbed the easy current of social and religious life. The early days of peace, while the colonies were disturbed, were a sort of prophecy of that later life in which there should be perfect freedom from the wiles and woes of witchcraft and the delusions and animosi- ties of controversies which have never been known among us. Those primitive days give us little material. It was the early growth. It was in the midst of great difficul- ties and under hardships. Luxuries they had none. In- deed they often suffered from the need of wliat we call the necessities of life. Nineteen years of primitive life pass away and we come to the next step in the history.. The popula- tion now spreads over a wide area. The people begin to think about a separate township. Old Rowley re- gards with kind parental indulgence the wish of the Bradford child. INODEPOKATIOU OF THE TOWN. The name which the little community first took was Rowley Village, on the Merrimack. But they soon changed that to " Merrimack," which was the common designation till Jan. 7, 1672, when the name was changed to Bradford, in memory of Bradford in Eng- land. The taxes which belonged by right to Rowley have already been granted to the Merrimack settlers by MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 1$ the mother towiii* The first recorded action which we find looking towards a new township is on the records of the General Court, and is as follows : — At the meeting of the General Court in 1668, the following order was passed, anticipating the incorpora- tion of the town: " In answer to the petition of the inhabitants of Rowley, living over against Haverhill, the Court having considered the petition, perased the town of Rowley's grant to the petitioners, heard Rowley's deputy, and also considering a writing sent from Rowley, with what els hath been pre- sented in the case doe find that there is liberty granted to the petitioners by the town of Rowley to provide themselves of a minister and also an in- tent to release them from their township when they are accordingly pro- vided, and therefore see not but this court may grant their petition to be a township provided thoy doe gett and setle an able and orthodox minister and continue to maynteigne him or else to remain to Rowley as formerly." The first object in having separate organization is told in the last words of this resolution. They were planning for the church and the minister of God. The first meeting of the town is called in 1668. At that meeting it appears they have already secured their pas- tor. EeVi Ezekiel Rogers was an intimate friend of Zechariah Symmes, of Charlestown. It was natural that this intimacy should lead to such acquaintance between the parties that even after the death of Rogers, the son of his friend should be introduced as a candidate for the new pastorate. At the first meeting of the town they vote his salary forty pounds, one half in wheat, pork, butter and cheese, the other half in corn and cattle. The next year they increased his salary to fifty pounds, and paid for mov- ing his goods from Charlestown, and gave him forty acres of land. The parsonage was finished under Mr. Symmes' direction. For two years they worship in a private house, possibly in a barn. But in 1670, they * In 1669, Rowley voted that the inhabitants of the village, (Boxford), shall pay taxes as other freemen, but they may appropriate these first to the expense of the village, next to improve the minister's farm. There is evidence that a similar "grant" was made to Biadioid.—Jiowley Records. 1 6 MEMO RIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. build the meeting-house. Samuel Heseltine has " one peck of corn from every voter for sweeping the meet- ing house." In the history of the next fifty years the records of the town show that the most important busi- ness transacted by the town was that which had imme- diate relation to the minister and the worship of God. This was according to Puritan idea, "it being," as some one says, " as unnatural for a right New England man to live without an able ministry, as for a smith to work iron without fire."* PTJBLIO AND PEIVATE EDIFICES. The primitive house was doubtless built of logs. It was roofed with the coarse thatch from the marshes. No windows except oiled paper fastened over the hole left between the logs. The chimney on the end, some- times on each end, giving place for the cheerful log fire, before which in the evening was drawn up the old fash- ioned " settle," with high back to keep off the cold air. In later time.s the houses were more elaborate, some of them two-storied, windows hung on hinges swinging out- ward. The house built for Mr. Symmes in 1668 we have no account of, only that it was finished under his direc- tion, but the second parsonage, standing where Mr. Towne now lives, opposite the old cemetery, was built in 1708, and was "46 feet by 20 and 15 feet stud and four chimbleys." f The first school-house was built on the meeting-house lot, and was 22 feet long, 18 feet wide and 7 feet posts.^ There are still standing several buildings which have historical interest in connection with the schools. In Mr. John Ellis's yard there stands a small building which * Johnson. t See Town Records. t Perry's Ilis. Disc, p. 16. MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 1 7 in the early part of the century was built and used for a school ; it stood on the road leading to Gage's Ferrj'. On the land of Lafayette Day there is a portion of the second building used for a -school-house in that part of the town. On . the premises of Charles Hasseltine the " old red school-house" is still standing. The house now owned by F. Croston in the village, was used for many years for a school-hou^e, and in that house Miss Mary Hasseltine and her associates gathered the first Sabbath school. The house lately owned by Mrs. Joseph Parsons has a portion of the addition to the first Bradford Academy building. The connection between the school-house and the church was very close. Education and religion went hand in hand. It was not strange to see the two build- ings standing side by side. The meeting-house was the place of worship first of all, but it was the place for all town business ; the rallying point . for every loyal concern ; the centre of all civil affairs. The magistrates often held court there. The whipping post and the pil- lory were set up in its yard and well to the front.* The pound for cattle occupied a corner, the school- house by its side, and behind aU on the green slope facing the east they laid their friends to rest when, weary with life, they fell asleep. The style of the early churches we know little about. The first was built in 1670, aad was probably a rude log house. Lumber was not easy to obtain. The saw mills came in tardily. The first lumber was sawed by hand. The log was lifted upon a frame. A pit was dug under- neath in which the lower man stood. A stage was built over the log for the other man. The saw, 8 to 10 • There is no evidence that the stocks or the whipping post ever occupied the post of honor by the side of the meeting-house in Bradford, but the stocks were set up by the si^e of the meeting house in Haverhill in the same year that John and Robert Ileseltine came to Bradford. The whip- ping post stood there also and was often used. l8 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. feet long, was drawn back and forth splitting out the lumber ; a slow process. They did not wait for this in the primitive times. They built the first church of logs. It stood in the west corner of the old cemetery lot. John Heseltine gave the land. The following vote of the town was passed, Jan. ye 5th, 1665 : "Whereas, John Haseltine, senior, of Haverhill, hav- ing given to ye inhabitants of ye town of Bradford one acre of land to set their meeting-house on, and for a burying-place, and did engage them to fence it and maintain it ; but now upon ye motion of his son Ensign Samuel Haseltine, of Bradford, he seemeth to be willing to release ye town of that engagement, provided they will set up a good, sufficient five rail fence from Mr. Symmes' fence to Goodman Hall's fence below the bury- ing-place, this ye town assents to." It is probable that John Haseltine removed to Haverhill after the first few years of residence in Bradford. His name does not ap- pear in the records of the town, and when the church was formed his name is not among the members. He- was a member of some church, for he was made al" free- man " in Rowley, in the year 1640. I think our John Haseltine is the same man who appears a'bout this time in the records of Haverhill, and who was one of the early deacons of Rev. John Ward's church there. The first meeting-house had good height for in 1690 they built a gallery in ,it. Very likely they voted as the church in Dedham did, to " daub the walls with clay and whiten it workmanlike." The following votes were passed in town meeting : April 18, 1670. "Sargent Gage, Robert Heseltine, Benjamin Kimball, Thomas Kimball, John Simmonds, Nicholas Walington and John Griffing are chosen, for the ordering, setting up and furnishing of a Meighting- House according to their best discretion for the good of the town." MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 19 Jan. 9, 1671. "Robert Heseltine, Ensign Chandler, and Shubal Walker were chosen for ye looking after and carrying on of ye work about the meeting-house till it be finished, and we do grant them power to call upon and require men to work when they shall see oc- casion and opportunity according to their best discre- tion, and in case any shall refuse to come with hands or teams, after legal warning, then to pay double wages to be recovered by distress." The second church stood on the brow of the hill a few rods east of the first church. It was "48 feet long, 40 feet wide and 20 foot stud." It was built in 1705. The recorded action of the town is as follows: Dec. 3, 1705. " Voted and passed on the affirmative that the town would forthwith build a new meeting-house, forty and two feet in breadth and forty-eight feet long." Dec, 17, 1705. It was voted that the meeting-house be 40 feet wide and 20 feet between plates. Voted, same day, that the meeting-house that is voted, when it is fit to rayse, shall stand upon the knowl on the east side ♦of the old meeting-house, within eight rods or as near as shall be thought convenient. Capt. David Haseltine, Cornet Richard Kimball and John Hutchins are ap- pointed building committee. The work was afterwards "desisted till the following winter." This house stood till 1751 when the location was changed and the church was built near the centre of our Park. The commit- tee appointed to build it, were Benj. Gage, Daniel Thurston, Nathaniel Gage, Josiah Chandler, Moses Gage. It faced toward the south, had the principal entrance through a porch on the south side. There were entrances also on each end. It had the old time sounding-board and the seats hung on hinges, and the old-fashioned square pews and banister railings, which the boys used to turn till they squeaked. Neither of these first three churches were painted. Neither of them had a bell or a clock, and only the last one had stoves, and these Some of the items are A «. 7 JO 7 6 € 4 1 15 15 16 20 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. were added at a late day iu the years of Parson Allen's ministry.* It is probable that neither of them was raised without a liberal supply of rum. My eye has fallen on a statement of the expense of an ordination one hun- dred years ago in Danvers. these : Buxton, for sugar •' malt " Rum ■ " Wine Sugar " 1 Barrel and cask 1 Syder, " New Eng. Kum The fourth church was built in 1834, and dedicated Oct. 8, of that year. It stood on the site of the pres- ent house. It proved too small for the wants of the congregation, and after fifteen years it was taken down and in 1848 the present church was built, and dedicated Jan. 10, 1849, It has sittings for eight hundred persons. Its architecture Corinthian, with fluted column and foli- ated capital. The church was furnished with an organ, which after many years' service gave place to the instru- ment Avhich now leads the " Service of Song," from the manufactory of Hook. It is a fact of interest that the pulpit iu this church was presented by the children of the parish, and the baptismal font by the young ladies of Bradford Academy. The first chapel was built in the year 1838. The present chapel was built in 1879, and dedicated on Sabbath evening, Nov. 23, of the same year. The sermon was preached by the. pastor. * It is difficult to ascertain when stoves came into general use in churches. Franklin invented the stove which bears his name in 1745. Count Rum- ford, who received in part his education in Bradford, made his improve- meht in stoves in 1795. In 178®, the 2d Parish of Boxford thought of putting a stove in the church but did not. In 1S34, two stoves were set up. In 1834, the East Parish voted to put in a stove. His. Bozford, p, S63, MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 21 WOESHIP. Our forefathers often assembled on the Sabbath at the beat of the drum, and sometimes at the sounding of a horn. The Magistrate escorted the minister from his house to the church, preceded him up the broad aisle to the pulpit stairs. When the minister entered, the people stood, and when the worship ended they stood again while the minister and his family retired. The hour of morning worship was 8 o'clock, sometimes •nine. In front of the pulpit were seated the Ruling Elders, and before them the Deacons, both facing the con- gregation. The people are seated by the selectmen. In the first church according to " rates," then with respect to the time of residence. In the second church, 1st, Those above 60 years, according to age. 2d, according to the rate of taxes. The men are on one side, and the wo- men on the other. The children are seated bj' them- selves, within reach of the tithing-men who touch the offenders with the rod if they are irreverent. The peo- ple are early to church. Any tardy members are treated as delinquents and fined. The church votes, in 172.S, " it is indecent and irreverent to lay down the head and sleep in the house of God." If anj' are guilty of this offence, the church is "stayed" that they maybe "ad- monished before the whole church." The following votes show that the town took special action in some cases : It was " granted to Shubal Walker, Jan. 6, 1679, that he should have a place at the east end of the pulpit in the meeting-house, for a seate for his wife and children." March 18, 1711 : " Voted that the petitioners be allowed to make a seate pew-fashion in the hind part of the west gallery." " Voted that Goodman Spofford has liberty to sit in the fourth seate before the pulpit, and his wife to sit in the 22 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. third seate in the north-east corner, the selectmen to give them notice." The worship begins with prayer, then follows singing of Psalms, given out by the Elder. No instruments were used. The sermons last an hour. The hour glass stands on the pulpit. When the sands are out the min- ister gives it another turn. Sermons with notes or from manuscript were at first unknown. Cotton Mather says, "Wareham, a melancholy man who could not always summon his powers was the first man .who read his sermons." * The sermons in this pulpit, judging from the specimens which are preserv^ed, were never very lengthy. When the sermon was over, the elders sometimes invited strangers or laymen to " exhort or prophecy," the elder announcing, " If this present brother hath any word of exhortation, in the- name of God, let him say on."f There was no fire in the meeting-house, but alongside the little church which stood in the old cemetery lot the people erected at least one " nooning " house, with fireplaces, where, during the interval between morning and afternoon service, they warmed themselves and ate their lunch. The meeting-house in the early years had an armed watch during divine service. The church at Haverhill was stockaded. Smooth poles set in the ground, close together, forming a defence against the attacks of the savages. It is not probable that the Brad- ford church was so protected, but the guard was un- doubtedly set before the door with the old flint lock musket. All the people who had arms were required to bring them to church. It was customary sometimes to place a tower on the roof and set a watch there. The Puri- •Magnalia, B. iii, ch. 18. Wareham was pastor of the church at Dor- chester which migrated (1636) in a body to Windsor, Conn. One hun- dred men, women and children travelled through the wilderness, praying and singing psalms as they went Sprague's Annals, v. i, p. 18. t Leohford. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 23 tans were prejudiced against the formalities of English worship, so much so that they could not bear the reading of the word of God without exegesis. They called it "dumb reading."- Worship was a necessity, not a matter of taste. Re- ligion in the Puritan idea, was an essential part of the commonwealth. Therefore attendance on worship was made obligatory. In 1699, the town voted to assign the seats of the meeting-house to individuals, and if any refused to take the seat set to him, he should be fined five shillings for every day of assemblage. It was ordained by the General Court in the Massa- chusetts Colony, 1677, that the selectmen shall appoint tithing-men, each of whom shall have the inspection of ten families. These tithing-men are empowered as mag- istrates to arrest men who violated the sabbath. Vio- lators are to be put in a cage in Boston, and in such other towns as the court .might designate, and to be exposed before the people on meeting-days and training- days. This statute was carried out in this parish. The tithing-men were appointed and their families were al- loted. It is not known that the cage was ever set up here. It is easy to sneer at the rigidity of the Puritan, and to praise the greater freedom of our later times. But it may well become us to inquire whether our lib- erty has not dropped into license, and whether instead of the liberty of our fa*thers which was "glorious" in righteousness, their children have not a slavery to ^ust and sin. Our fathers believed in law. Obedience to it was virtue. We do well to remember that there is nothing more salutary than reverence to law. When the moral nature of man is found in conformity with the perfect law, there is safety to the state, freedom to the church, hope for the people. Danger comes when we cast off law; the greatest peril when we cast off the Almighty, and 24 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. do our own work, and find our own pleasure^ and apeak our own words on that day which he has called his own. It is that spirit of disobedience to law which begets misrule, encourages violence, ends in the dethronement of justice and virtue. Then comes anarchy, in which statesmanship and patriotism and every noble impulse are subordinated to the dominion of selfish desire; and the passions of men mingling with distorted religious sentiments, and prejudices and superstitions, plunge into the chaotic vortex of rebellion. When the English monarchy trifled with the Puritan instincts, and changed the sabbath into a political pas" time, it was a suicidal policy, which destroyed the in- tegrity of the kingdom, and drove into exile the heart of the nation, those colonists who found the shores of the wild untrodden wilderness more attractive and con- genial, because there they found freedom to worship God. It is a serious question whether those civil revolutions, which have overturned monarchies and filled nations with bloodshed, have not some deeper root than tem- poral policy, and the ambitious use of power by tyrannical kings. I^evolutions are something more than the natural recoil of human nature in resentment of injury. They are the bursting of ulcerous flesh in the body politic. It is the poison begotten in the nature which has cast off the divine law, and finds its own way and pleasure, and words on that day when it* is meet to lift the heart and, bend the knee to heaven's high king. The school- ing of the people on sabbath days in religion and de- votion and loyalty to God and the truth would render powerless the schemes of narrow policy and bigoted self-will, and save history the ungrateful task of record- ing those pitable sufferings of innocence in the hands of insatiate cruelty ; and of handing down to posterity such names as Laud and Jeffreys, for the execration of man- kind. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 2$ When Charles I. failed to take advantage of the strong Puritan sentiment and opposed it, he was cultivating the ulcer and destroying the sound flesh. When he de- spised the fear of God in christian congregations, com- pelled godly men to, announce in pulpits sports which followed the worship, and trampled the conscience of his subjects, and made them listen to the morris-drum and the street fiddler on the sabbath day, he was sovj- ing to the wind, and he reaped the whirlwind in that day when he lost his kingdom and his life ; and ■ his kingdom, trembling in mortal agony, only recovered its vigor, in its n6w birth, in the free commonwealth which restored the sabbath and inculcated reverence for God. The Puritans on these shores set up the kingdom of God. The state was evolved slowly from the church. The General Court was a religious bodj'. The test of citizenship was godliness. Membership in a church was a 'prerequisite to citizenship. The state was the servant of the church. It was not strange then that the enact- ments of the General Court concerning crime were or- dained to be read from the pulpit. Sabbath laws were not peculiar to New England. They had been enacted in England. " It was so in Virginia before New Eng- land had an English inhabitant." " In 1610, every colonist in Virginia must attend church twice on the sabbath on pain, 1st, of losing theii provision for a week ; 2d, of losing provision and be whipped ; 3d, to suffer death." * It is well to remem- ber that while it is usually admitted that intelligence is a necessity to the safety of the state, there is a truth more fundamental, and that was what lay at the foun- dation of the sabbath laws, viz. : — The perpetuity of all civil institutions rests on the integrity of the people. •Force.His. Tr.III, (ii),ll. 26 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. OEaANIZATION OP THE OHUEOH. We have reached another starting point in the life of the growing settlement. The question of having a church for themselves was discussed in the town. It came up in town meeting more than once. Committees wei'e chosen to consider the matter and make report. But there were difficulties in the way which for a long time delayed further action. At a meeting of the town held Jan. ye 11, 1681, a committee was chosen " for to advise and consult and act what in their best judgment they shall think mete for ye good of ye town as to ye set- tling ye Rev. Mr. Zecheriah Symmes in office. Mr. Symmes, John Tenny, Richard Hall, John Simmonds, Joseph Baile, David Haseltine, Benjamin Kimball, Sam- uel Stickne, Samuel Haseltine, John Griflfing, William Huchins, Shubal Walker." It was " voted, ye day ' above mentioned that ye committee, above named, or the major part of them, shall have full power in all things above mentioned or whatever els they may judge to conduce to ye settling Reverent Mr. Zech. Symmes in office ; for ye farther and better settling of the town and what they do is owned by ye town as if done by themselves." Mr. Symmes was already doing the full work of a pastor. At the same meeting he asks for co-operation in his pastoral work as the following vote shows : " Voted the same day, that Rev. Mr. Symmes have liberty, at his discretion, to call out any two men of the inhabitants of ye town to be with him in catechis- ing ye youth, and to go with him to see who of ye heads of families or others will join to ye church." At a private fast held at the house of Brother John Tenny, Oct. 12, 1682, an "instrument of pacification and mu- tual obligation to church union and order" was drawn MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 27 up and signed by the professing christians present. They call it a " preparatory help toward the gathering of a church in Bradford." The instrument was as fol- lows : " We whose names are subscribed, being awfully sensible that we live in an age wherein God hath, in part, executed that dreadful threatening to take peace from the earth, and wherein Satan, that great makebate and author of confusion doth, by God's permission, exceedingly rage, even in the visible church of God, and wherein that wicked one is sowing the tares of discord, almost in every christian society, (the sad effects of which, we that are the inhabitants of the town of Bradford have for some years past experimentally felt and have yet the bitter remembrance of) we being now (through the rich and undeserved mercy of God in Christ Jesus) under hopeful probability of settling a Church of Christ in Brad- ford, do take this occasion, as to express our hearty and unfeigned sorrow and humiliation for what unchristian differences have broken out among us to the dishonor of God's name, the grief of his Spirit, and to the obstruct- ing of the work and kingdom of Jesus Christ, and to the hindering of our peace and edification ; so also in the name o^ God, and by his gracious help, seriously and solemnly to engage and promise, for the future, to forgive and forget, to the utmost of our endeavors, all former unchristian animosities, distances, alienations, differences and contests, private or more public, per- sonal or social, that have arisen ever among us, or between us and others ; to pass a general act of amnesty and oblivion on them all, and not to speak of them to the defamation of each other, at home in Bradford town, much less abroad in any other place ; nor to repeat or revive them, unless called by scripture rule, or lawful authority, to mention them for the conviction or spiritual advantage of each other. Besides, we promise through the grace of God, that, in case God, in his wise and holy providence, should permit any offences, for the future, to break forth among us (which we desire God of his infinite mercy would prevent as far as may be for his own glory and our own good) that we will then conscienciously endeavor to at- tend to scripture rules for the healing and removing of them, and those rules in particular. Lev. xix. 17, Matt, xviii. 15 ; and to bring no matter of greivances against each other to our minister or to the Church, but in a scriptural and orderly way and manner. That we may be helped inviola- bly to observe this our agreement, we desire the assistance of each other's mutual both christian and church watch, that we may be monitors or re- membrancers to each other of this branch of our covenant ; as also the in- stant and constant prayers of each other, that God would enable us care- fully to observe this instrument of our pacification and our conditional obligation to church union and order, that God's name may be honored by us and we may experience God's commanding his blessing upon us, even life forever more." It is impossible to know what the differences were 28 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. which are so freely confessed in this "instrument of pacification." But the general desire is now evident to forgive and forget the past occasions of division and go forward to organize a church. This instrument was not signed by the women. They did not count women in organizations. When, in later years, the " Second Parish church" was formed, in what is now Groveland, they did not count the women, but received them into the church afterwards. Gov. Endi- cott insisted that women should be veiled in the house of God. But the ruddy cheeked Puritan girl would not be veiled. It was no time to revive old oriental super- stitions. I have no doubt they had the sacrament before the organization of the church, in theis own meeting-house. There stands on the record a vote instructing certain per- sons "to provide the elements" previous to Dec. 27, 1682. They held communion, on the 21st Nov. preceding, and made record of it. This note is made in the records by pastor Symmes : " The text that sabbath handled was Jer. 50 : 4, 5. Vide ground thereon. Guest-house page 83, 84." The text has this clause: " Come let us Join ourselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten. The subject was doubtless the confes- sion of Christ in his church, by covenant and in the ordinances of the church, according to his gospel. What the guest-house may be, I am unable to learn. There was another administration of the supper in December of the same year, when the pastor preached from Acts 2 : 40 ; " Save yourselves from this untoward generation." From which it appears to me that the little body of believers who had worshipped together for four- teen years had grown to be a church without knowing it. They had the organization but lacked the re.cog' nition. Possibly the elder Symmes ventured to administer by authority of the church. The church in Salem organ MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 29 ized itself, ordained its own ministers. Gov. Bradford canie afterwards with some others, from Plymouth by sea, hindered by cross winds, and gave the right hand of fellowship.* It is possible that the first ordinances were in the same way in Bradford. It is more probable to me, however, that the friend and pastor from over the river, the venerable John Ward, the long-time friend of the little colony, now nearly 80 years old, came over and ministered to them in loving and orderly fellowship. The relation of Bradford and Haverhill was from the first, as alwa5's, very intimate. The first years of the life of this little colony the only privilege of the sacra- ment was found over the river. The ferry was made free to Mr. Symmes, to go over to visit the people as he chose. It was made free to the people on the sab- bath if they should come over to worship. It was a pleasant picture on sacramental sabbaths, down under the willows, by the old ferry-way. The pastor (not yet ordained) came with his flock. They gathered rever- ently in the early morning. The ferryboats go and re- turn several times. They are going to the little church which stood on the lower side of Pentucket Cemetery, that they may keep holy day with the people of God. It is a fancj' of the philosophers that sounds never cease. The vibrations of the air grow less and less, but never stop. I have thought if our ears were sufficiently acute we might catch, from the breezes on the river, the faint echo of the Psalms they sung as they returned with devout and grateful hearts from the table of the Lord. The council, called to advise whether they form a church, met Oct. 31, 1682. It was a council of rare men. Their names were as follows : John Higginson, of Salem, pupil of Thomas Hooker, " whose very presence puts vice out of countenance, whose conversation is a glimpse of heaven,"f a man of * New England Memorial, p. 96. t Higginson was son of Francis H , first teacher of Salem, born Aug. 5, 1616. He wrote the " Attestation " to Mather's Magnalia. 30 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. eloquence and venerable character, now in his 67th year. John Richardson, of Newbury, (then 36 years of age,) preached the Artillery Election sermon seven years be- fore, fellows of Harvard College. William Hubbard, of Ipswich, preached election ser- mon 1676. " For many years the most eminent minister of Essex County, equal to any in the province for learning and candor and superior to all his cotempora- ries as a writer." * John Hale, of Beverly. His amaible wife was a few years after accused of witchcraft, and that accusation against so fair a character broke the delusion. Preached election sermon 1684. He was possessed of a kind of " singular prudence and sagacity in searching into the marrows of things." f John Brock, of Reading, brother-in-law of Zechariah Symmes.. "A man who dwelt as near heaven as any man on earth." J Edward Pays'on, of Rowley. A poet, and a man of refined culture. His labors abundantly blessed in the mother church of Rowley. Samuel Phillips, senior pastor of Rowley. A man eminent for his wisdom in council, whose posterity have fiUed the highest civil positions and have given munifi- cent endowments to institutions of learning and benevo- lence. The absence of Mr. Ward of Haverhill may possibly be the key to the understanding of the reason why there was so much question about the propriety of forming the church. A large majority of these Brad- ford people are members of his church. It is pos- sible that he wished to have nothing to say about the matter. The result of the council which met to consider the propriety of forming a church is this: * Dr. Eliot. t Higginson. t Mitchell. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 3I " The question being proposed to us whose names are underwritten, whether minister and people should promote without delay a coalition of themaelyes into a church society. We answer in the affirmative, provided that the people do their uttermost in taking effectual care that he, that preaches the gospel, according to 1 Cor. 9, 14 ; that so he may provide for his own household, as 1 Tim. 5, 8 ; provided also their present teacher ac- cept of office work among them, so long as he finds he can confortably dis- charge his duty, in all the relations he stands to you his people, and in his family, and that when he finds he cannot discharge his said duties respec- tively, the people shall freely release him of his engagement to them after due council taken in the case, for hereby is a door opened for 'the teacher to work the whole work of God, as an ofBcer of Christ in that place, as others in office do in their places, according to 1 Cor. 16 : iO ; ' for he worketh the work of God as I also do' ; hereby also is a better opportun- ity both for the teacher, and those that are taught, to walk in all the commandments and ordinances of God blameless, Luke. 1 : 6; that they may be found welking in the truth as we have received commandment from the father, 2 John, 4." This council met Oct. 31, 1682. It was undoubtedly the same council ■which met on the 27th of the next December, to complete the organization and ordain the pastor. The action of the town is very significant. This is the vote: — " We, the inhabitants of Bradford, met together at a legal town- meet- ing, 13th March, 1682-3, in thankfulness to God for his great mercy in setting up his sanctuary among us, do hereby engage ourselves jointly and singly, and do engage our children after us, as far as we may, by our pa- rental authority, to endeavor by our and their utmost power to uphold the faithful ministry of the gospel of Jesus Christ, in this town of Bradford, so long as we and they shall live ; and for the encouragement of the same, to contribute a liberal and honorable maintainance towards it, as the rule of the gospel doth require to the utmost of our and their ability, which God shall be pleased to bless us and them with from time to time. And for the encouragement of our present minister, we do covenant and prom- ise to give and allow him, so long as he shall continue with us, as our minister, the full sum of sixty pounds per annum, if God be pleased to preserve us in onr present capacity, and for to be paid in our present state annually, as follows : the first half in wheat and pork, butter and cheese, allowing to this half, one pound of butter for every milch cow, and one cheese for a family ; the other half to be in malt, Indian or rye, except what he willingly accepts in other pay ; the first payment to be made the second Thursday of October, the other payment to be made the third Thursday in March ; and if any unforeseen providence shall hinder, then to take the next convenient day the week following." 32 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. " We further grant liberty for him to improve for his best advantage, what land we shall accomplish or obtain for our ministry. We grant him alfio, liberty to feed his herd of cattle on our lands during his abode with us, which shall have the same liberty as our own cattle have. We engage to procure for him, at our own charge, besides the annual stipend, suffi- cient firewood every year in good cord wood, he allowing six pence per cord, to bring it seasonably and cord it up in bis yard. We engage also to furnish him yearly with ten sufficient loads of good hay, if he need tbem, at price current among us, and to bring it in the summer time, and also to supply him with sufficient fencing, and good stuff which he may hereafter need, at a reasonable lay. We engage, that there be convenient highways provided and legally stated to the several parcels of land which we have given him, as the five acres of meadow, and the forty acres of up- land, we bought of Benjamin Kimball. We do aLso engage that two men shall be chosen from year to year for the comfortable carrying on of his affiiirs, and that these two men shall have power to require any man at two days' warning, according to his proportion, to carry on his necessary husbandry work. We also engage that these agreements, together with any legal town act, confirming the annual stipend, and other concerns of our present minister, be only and truly, in manner and kind, as above specified without trouble to himself." Year after year the town appointed the two men to "look after Mr. Symmes's affairs." They voted that no oil-wood or poplar or bass-wood be brought to Mr. Symmes. The gifts of land to the minister included personal donations, as appears from the following vote which refers to what had been given six years before the formation of the church. It was " voted and granted by the town in 1676 that John Simmonds and Shubal Walker have full power to make and give a deed, or deeds, of conveyance to Mr. Zechariah Symmes our minister of forty acres of land the town bought of Ben- jamin Kimball, and one acre of meadow Mr. Samuel Wprster gave to the town, and one acre Benjamin Kim- ball gave to the town, and two acres Thomas Hardy senior, and his two sons Thomas and John Hardy gave, and one acre that Nicolaus Wallingford gave to the town, and that in behalf of the town, as if they -did actually do it themselves." The care which the town had for its Pastor was constant, and every meeting showed that they were intent on doing every duty to MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 33 him. Voted tlie same day of the meeting just quoted, " That those persons that was behind in making their share or proportion of fence that the town was en- gaged to make for Mr. Symmes, shall forthwith do it ; and if not done by the 15th of April nest, then to be assessed 6 shillings for every pole, to- be taken by dis- tress." AETIOLES OF FAITH. The first creed of the church was included in the cov- enant. It was written by Zechariah Symmes, and en- tered on record on the 20th of April, 1683, though it had been subscribed previously at the private fast, Oct. 12, 1682. COVENANT. " By the power of his Holy Spirit in the ministry of his word, whereby we have been brought to see our misery by nature, our inability to help ourselves, and our need of a Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ, to whom we desire now solemnly to give up ourselves as to the only Redeemer, to keep us by his power unto salvation, and for the furtherance of that blessed work, we are now ready to enter into a solemn covenant with God and one with another ; that is to say, We do give up ourselves unto that God, whose name alone is Jehovah, as the only true and living God ; and unto the Lord Jesus Christ, his only Son, who is the Saviour, Prophet, Priest and King of his Church, and mediator of the covenant of his grace ; and to his Holy Spirit, to lead us into all truth, and to .bring us unto salvation at the last. We do also give up our offspring unto God, in Christ Jesus ; avouching him to be our God and the God of our children ; humbly desiring him to bestow upon us that grace whereby both we and they may walk be- fore him as becomes his covenant people forever. We do also give up our- selves, one unto another, in the Lord, according to the will of God ; en-, gaging ourselves to walk together as a right ordered Church of Christ in all the rules of his most holy words ; promising, in brotherly covenant, faithfully to watch over one another's souls, and to submit ourselves, to the government of Christ in his Church ; attending upon all his holy adminis- trations, according to the order of the gospel, so far as God hath, or may, reveal to us by his word and spirit." This covenant and creed include the fundamental doc- trines of the revelation of God: 34 . MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 1. The being and sovereignty of God. 2. The Divine authority of the scriptures. 3. The Holy Trinity. 4. The misery of the fallen nature in sin. 5. The free gift of redemption by the Lord Je.sus Christ. 6. The present acceptance of Christ the only hope of salvation. 7. The fellowship of ^he saints and the holy administrations or sacra- ments. The persons who signed this covenant include some of the original settlers. The names of many of the children of the Puritans are found with them. Thirty- three years have passed since the herdsmen came into the wilderness. A new genieration has appeared. One item is very touching in the record of names on that first roll of members in the church. Ann Hasel- tine stands alone ; Robert died this very year. The hardy herdsman has finished his course. He saw the church well started. He saw the spiritual flock gathered under another shepherd, and the faithful herdsman went home. The record of names is very instructive. It is very important history which is suggested by the member- ship of the Puritan church. The list of church mem- bers in the early years of the colony is identical with the roll of freemen. The entire roll of membership of the church is as follows: UEMBEESHIF. Many of the residents of the town who had been mem- bers of the church at Rowley united with the church in Haverhill. Others joined that church from time to time during the fourteen years of Mr. Symmes's ministry which preceded his ordination. It happened, therefore, that a large majority of the people who united with the church at its organization had been members of the Haverhill church. It was only for the sake of the sa- crament; they had all the other ordinance* at home. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 35 Why the delay occurred we cannot learn. The entire roll of members is as follows : Zeehariah Symmes, The mark Samuel S Stickney, of John Tennie, John Simmons, William Huchence, Joseph Palmer, The mark' Thomas West, of David Haseltine, Kichard Hall, The mark John (» Watson, uf Samuel Haseltine, Eobert Haseltine, Joseph Bailey, Abraham Haseltine, B. Kimbal, Bobert Savory, John Hardy, John Boynton. The above are the names of the original members of the church. The roll continues as follows: 1682. Patience, wife of Mr. Shubal Walker. Dis.,fixim Haverhill Mary, " Hannah, " Mercie, " Hannah, " Mary, " Elisabeth, " Elizabeth, Mary, ' Martha, Deborah, " Mary, widow of Mary, wife of Prudence, " Sarah, " Sarah, Abigail, Aunah, Annah Thomas West. " " John Boynton, " Eowley Benjamin Kimbsill, " Haverhill Kichard Barker, " Nathan Webster, " Robert Haseltine, " Abraham Haseltine, " David Haseltifle, " Richard Hall, " Samuel Haseltine, " Thomas Kemball, " John Hardie, " Samuel Stickney, " Joseph Palmer, " William Uutchenoe, " Joseph Bailey, " to Robert Haseltine, Sen." Rowley to Thomas Hodgden, " Haverhill 1682-3. Richard Barker, sonne-in-law to Bro. Benjamin Kim- bal, Husband to grand-daughter Hannah. Mathow Ford, a frenchman th.at served bis aggrenticeBhip to Mr. widow 36 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Walker. Susanna, wife of Bro. John Tennie, dis. from ye church of Christ in Beverly. 6 of 3, '83. Nathaniel son of John Gage. Samuel, son of Br. Thomas West These two had their relations read. Han- nah or Annah, daughter to Caleb Kimball, of Ipswitch. 6 of 10, '8H. Kichard, Eldest son of Br. Benjamin Kimbal, ad- mitted to full communion. 3 of 11, '83. Sarah Wallingford. MarySavouri. Havingalet- ter from ye church at Newbury, they were admitted. 10 of 1, '84. Nathaniel Brown. The man upon his relation admitted Judith Brown, His wife. Dis. from Ipswitch, 3 of 4, '85. Elizabeth Woorster, relict of Mr. Samuel Woors- ter. Dis. from Salisbury. William, Samuel, Francis and Joseph, four of her sons at the same time publickly re- ceived as children of the church. 23 of 11, 1687. Wife of Br. Symonds. Samuel, son of Br. John Tennie. 3 of 1, 1688. Capt. Shubal Walker. Elizabeth Hutchens, wife of Br. Wm. Hutchens. 6 of 9, 1688. Sarah Hall, daughter of Br. Hall, admitted to full communion. 21 of 11, 1689. Timothy Burbank, admitted to full com- munion. Anno 1691. Persons accepted to commune at ye Lord's table: Richard Kimbal, eldest son of Thomas Kimbal, Sarah, wife of above said Eichard. ' Francis, Third son of Mr. Samuel Wooster. 26 of 2, 1691. Abiah, wife of Gershom Haseltine. Jane, wife of Samuel Buswel. Deborah, wife of Thomas Kim- ball. Jacob Hardy and Lydia his wife. 4 of 8, 1691. Sarah Gage, wife of Daniel Gage. Sarah Tenny, wife of Br. Samuel Tenny. Elizabeth Carleton, wife of Edward Carleton. These five were admitted to the degree of full communion desired, Aug. 4, 1691. May 1, 1692. Solomon and Mary Wood. 17 of 5, 1692. Francis Jewett. Dis. from Rowley. 30 of 8, 1692. John Spofford, by virtue of a letter of dis- mission from ye church of Rowley as a child of the church and inhabitant of the town, and by his own per- sonal relation at Bradford, MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 37 25 of 1, 1694. Mehitabel Kimbal, ye wife of Br. Richard Kimbal, Jr. by virtue of a letter dismissed from ye church, of Christ at Ipswitch, and her profession and good conver- sation was accepted to full communion with ye church at Bradford. 4 of 9, 1694. Joseph Wooster was accepted. Mercy Hardy wife of Thomas Hardy, Sen. 16 of 4, '95. Emma Watson, relict of John Watson, Sen. Sa- rah, wife of Br. Francis Jewit. • 21 of 12, 1696-'7. Sarah, daughter to Zech. Symmes, Pastor to ye church, by a very unanimous vote of ye Brethren, Ble.ii-ed he God in Christ Jesus. 1 of 6, 1697. David Kimbal, the man and his wife Elizabeth, upon the first of August, 1697. Ruth wife of John Watson the same day. 5 of 7, 1697. Rebeckah, wife of Robert MuUeum. Susanna, ' wife of David Jaques. 3 of 8, 1697. Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Carleton. 21 of 6, 1698. Martha Hardy, wife of Br. John Hardy, die. from Rowley. Mary, the wife of John West, upon her profession. Mary Buswell. 4 of 4, '99. Thomas Kimbal, Robert Muleum, Ichabod Bointon. o of 6, 1699. Philip Atwood, Jr., and Sarah his wife were accepted to full communion with the church on their letter of dismission from Maulden. '95 or '96. Mary Griffing was accepted to full communion. Mar. 31, 1700. Samuel and Martha Hale were accepted to full communion. Jan. 5, 1701. Richard and his wife. Abigail Hale and one child. April 13, 1701. Daniel Gage, Sen. was upon his relation ad- mitted to full communion. April 29 John Chadwick and his wife and Bro. Nathaniel Gage were admitted by virtue of a letter of dismission from Maulden church, before the administration of the Lord's supper, without any vote by the brethren, they join- ing in the covenant with this church. 24 of 5. John West, that hath waited from the 31 of 3d, '97 to this day, 4 years. Ye same day Dorothy Dalton, or rather Stiles when accepted. 38 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 19 of 2, It 02. Abraham and Martha Parker were by letter of dismission from Chelmsford charch accepted. ' 14 of 4, 1702. Eunice Bailey. 21 of 3, 1703. Rebecka Walker and Rebeoka Symmes were accepted to full communion. Anno 1704, 26 of Dec. John Gage and Sarah his wife, 1703-4. Samuel Woodbury. 4 of May, 1704. Moses Day and his wife Abigail. 14 of May, 1704. Mary, wife of Joseph Hardy. Rebeckab Green, Abigail Renolds, baptized adults, admitted. 11 of June, 1704. Deborah Walingford. Abigail Haseltine, wife of John Haseltine. 16 of July, 1704. Anna Platts daughter of Br. Bailey. 3 of August. Her son Jonas Platts was baptised. 13 of 12, 1705. Seven persons, viz. : John Wood and his wife, Jonathan Wiseman and his wife, Jonathan Kembal and his wife, Abigail Haseltine, ye wife of Richard Haseltine. Blessed be God. These were accepted without ye noise of ye ax and hammer. 23 of June, 1706 Anne Stickney and Jane Bointon admitted to full communion. 3 of June, 1706. Mary Wooster and Martha Hardy, wife of Daniel Hardy. John Seavy, accepted into full commu- nion. Martha Hopkinson, the wife of Caleb Hopkinson, Jr., received into full communion. May 25, 1707. Sarah Worster, the wife of Joseph Wors- ter, received into full communion. July 6, 1707. Received into full communion Deliverance Wor- cester, the wife of Ebenezer Worcester. Baptized Isaac and Rebekah, the children of Jonathan and Lydia Kimball. July 27, 1707. Baptized Jonathan Platts ye son of Jonas and Anne Platts. April,vl709. Hannah, wife of James Bailey, Richard Bailey and his wife Johanna, James Bailey. Jacob Hardy and his wife Sarah, Eliezer Burbank and iiis wife Lydia, Caleb Hopkinson, Jr. NoTB BY Shcohd Pastor. There were admitted in my father's day, 72. There are now living of the cliurch, in his day, 60. June l!l, 1709. John Hall, Joseph Bailey, Jr., Mary Hall, wife of John Hall. April 14. Martha Gage, wife of Daniel Gage. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 39 Oct. 23. James Palmer, Elizabeth, wife of James Palmer. Nov. 21, 1710. Samuel Runnels. 'Dec. 25. Abigail Haseltine. Feb. 19, 1710 'Abigail Webster, Ednah Bailey. April 23. Abraham Parker, Jr. June 25. John Wood, Jr., Sarah Wood, wife of John Wood, Sarah Hall, wife of Joseph Hall. Aug. John Huchens, Emma Haseltine, wife of Samuel Hasel- tine,- Jr. Oct. 29. Elizabeth wife of John Huchens. April 22, 1711. Samuel Haseltine, Jr., Hannah wife of Na- thaniel Griffin. May 6. Ebenezer Wooster. Aug. 26. Thomas Kimbal, Jr., Richard Kimbal, Jr., Abigail Hazeltine, Dorathy Kimbal, Mercy Tenny, Hannah Woos- ter. Soli Deo Triuni, sit omnis Gloria 1 Jan. 6, 1712. Hepzibah Haseltine, Mehetabel Stickney. May 2. Mary West, Martha Hall. May 4. David Jaques was admitted to full communion. July 20. John Gage, Jr., Susannah wife of John Gage, Jr. Aug. 17. Samuel K-imbal, Eunice Kimbal, Martha Simons were admitted to full communion. Sept. 7. Samuel Palmer, Elizabeth Palmer were admitted to full communion. Nov. 1. Elizabeth West was admitted to full communion. Mar. 8, 1713. Anna Brown was admitted to full communion. July 12. Old Thomas Hardy, Benjamin Hardy, Mary Nelson, Rebecka Hardy, Elizabeth Boynton, Sarah Tenny, Abigail Carleton, Soli Deo Triuni Gloria I Nov. 1. Daniel Tenny, Joshua Wood, Priscilla wife of Dan- iel Tenny, were admitted to full communion. Tibi Dom- ine, sit omnis gloria I Feb. 28. John Nelson, Samuel Webster and Mary Webster his wife. Mar. 2. Hannah B,arneB, Sarah Bailey, Elizabeth West. May 9. Samuel Kimbal, Jr., Sarah Kimbal, his wife. Laus Deo I Sept. 19. Thomas Hardy, Jr., Rose Hardy, his wife. Deo sit gloria I 1715. Moses Brown, Abigail Gage. 40 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Aug. 28. Daniel Parker, David Wood, Anne Parker, Eliza- beth Wood, Dorcas Wood. Laus Deo, in Sternum! Nov. 13. Mrs. Hannah Symmes. Tibi Domine Gloria! Feb. 12. Jabes Dorman. 1716. Anne Tenny, Martha Lezon, Mary Pearl. Laus Deo in Sternum 1 . July 1. Hannah, wife of Dea. Tenny, Jr., being dismissed from ye church in Newbury, was admitted to full com- munion. Jan. 3. Mr. William White, Mrs. Sarah White, Sarah Head, Deo sit Gloria I Mar. 10. Mr. Joseph Emerson, Richard Haseltine, Eldad ■ Ingals, Anne Pecker. Laus Deal Mar. 17. Mary Sticknee, widow Susanna Kimbal. Gloria Deo in Excelsis! Abril 7. Samuel Haseltine, Hannah Richardson, Elizabeth Griffen. Gloria Ghristo! May 26. Jonas Platts, Joseph Hall, Isaac Hardy, Mary Tiler, Abiel Dorman. Triuni Deo esto omnis Gloria! July 7. Edward Wood and wife, Thomas Sticknee, Mary, wife of Thomas Sticknee, Elizabeth, wife of Abraham Parker, Mary^ wife of Richard Kimbal. Gloria Deo! Aug. 9. James Buswell, Sarah Page. Laus Deo! Samuel Roberts, and Abigail his wife, Nathaniel John- son, Jr., and Mehitabel his wife. Deo sit Gloria! Jan. 19, 1718. John Kimbal, Mary Perry, Rachel Frye. Laus Domino I April 20. Elizabeth, wife of Dr. Bailey. May 4 Jemima, daughter of Cornelius Brown. May 23. Joseph Richardson, Benjamin Kimbal, Samuel Jewet, Benjamin Mulecken. Tibi Domine! May 23. Thomas Carleton, Jonathan Kimbal, Nathaniel Kimbal, Ruth, wife "of David Kimbal, Hannah Hovey, Anne Jewet. Deo sit omnis Gloria! July 6. Joseph Tenny, Mary Haseltine. Deo sit omnis Gloria ! July 13. Eliezar Crocker. Aug. 3. Lydia, wife of Benjamin Savory, Hannah Blodget, Abigail, daughter of James Bailey. Soli Deo Gloria! Sept. 7. Abigail, daughter of John Wood. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 4I Mar. 1719, John Mulicken, and Mary his wife, Francis Wooster, Margaret Kimbal. June 7. John Griffen, Benjamin Thurston, Joseph Carleton, Jr., Hannah Carleton, Judith Brown. July 5. Josiah Sessions and Martha his wife, Caleb Brown. . . Soli Deo Gloria! July 26. Samuel Eames, Sarah Kimball. Triuni Deo Gloria I Sept. 6. Nathaniel Worster. Deo omnis Gloria! Nov. 22. Hepzibah Hardy, wife of Zech. Hardy, Lydia, daughter of Jonathan and Lydia Kimbal. Deo Gloria! Jan. 24, 1720. Mary, wife of Benjamin Thurston. Feb. 28. Epraim Kimball, Sarah, wife of Dr. John Bishop, Ruth, wife of Samuel Jewet, Bethia Carleton, Dorothy Tenny. Deo Gloria! April 24. Joseph Hardy, Jr., Thomas Baily, William Hardy, Jr., Timothy Wooster, Samuel Tenny, Hannah, wife of William Hardy, Elizabeth, wife of Robert Sa- vory, Sarah, wife of William Fales, Hannah, wife of John Tenny. Nan mihi sed, tibi Domine Jesu! April 24. Sarah, wife of Samuel Tenny, Jr., Susanna, wife of Aaron Brown, Abigail, daughter of Clerk Kimball, Dorcas Hovey, Priscilla, daughter of Clerk Kimball, Elizabeth Atwood, Abigail Wooster. Sixteen admitted this day. Deo Gloria ! May 1. Nathan Webster, John Tenny, Elisabeth Sticknee, Re- beckah Mullicken, Rachel Philbrook. Triuni Deo Gloria! June 26. Nathaniel ■ Walker, Daniel Hardy, Daniel Gage, Samuel Hardy, Ebenezer Burbank, Rotert Mullicken, Robert Savory, Thomas Hardy, Joseph Hardy, Samuel Kimbal, Benjamin Gage, Thomas Savory, Daniel Tenny, Joseph Kimball, David Kimball, Jr., Hannah, wife of William Savory, Mehitabel Hall, Hannah, wife of Eben- ezer Kimbal, Abigail Stewart, Susan Gage, Hannah Sa- vory, Love Hutchins, Martha Hardy, Eunice Hardy, Hannah Bailey. All these twenty-five admitted the same day. To God shall be all ye glory! July 26. Ebenezer Kimbal July 31, 1721. Benjamin Savory, Benjamin Kimbal, Pru- dence Hardy, Elizabeth Gage, daughter of John Gage, Sarah and Abigail, daughters of John West. 42 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Aug. 28. James, son of Joseph Hardy, Hannah, wife of Samuel Hardy, Esther Parry, Mary, daughter • of ye widow Hardy. Dec. 18. Mary, wife of Edmund Chadwick. Aug. 1721. John Pearl. Mar. 18, 1122. William Martin. Laus Deal May 6. Mary Bailey, daughter of Thomas Bailey. Aug. 5. Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Carleton. 1723. Jacob Hardy, Jr., Elizabeth, wife of William Mar- tin, Mary, wife of Timothy Hagget, Hannah, daughter of Samuel Hardy. Laus Deo I Apr. 21. John Peabody, and Sarah his wife. Triuni Deo Gloria sempilernal Two hundred and thirty-four communed with us June 11, 1723. June 2. Hannah, wife of Jonathan Chadwick. June 30. George Carleton, Daniel Wooster, Sarah Hardy, daughter of William Hardy, Jane Baily, daughter of Thomas and Eunice Baily. Laus Deo I July 28. Kiohard Hardy, 44 years old, Hannah, wife of Hugh Smith, Sarah, wife of Ebenezer Burbank, Deborah, wife of Thomas Hardy. Laus Triuni D^o! Sept. 1. Kebeckah, wife of Robert Savory, Mehitabel, daugh- ter of widow Hannah Green. Dec. 29. Maximilian Haseltine, Moses Wooster. Laus Deo I Martha, wife of Maximilian Haseltine. 1724. Daniel Jaques, Jr., Obadiah Parry, Jr., Samuel Hale, Jr., Hannah, wife of Daniel Jaques, Jr., Mehitabel, wife of Obadiah Parry, Jr. Mar. 1. Benjamin Carleton, Elizabeth Symmes. Gloria Tri- uni Deo I Dec. 6. Jonathan Hale, son of Samuel Hale. De.o Gloria! Elizabeth, wife of Caleb Brown. Thirty admitted this year. Feb 7. John Cole, Edmund Hardy, Thomas Hardy, Mary Hale, daughter of Samuel Hale, Alice Perly. April 4. Elizabeth Webster. Aug. 1. Kebeckah, daughter of John and Mary West. Sept. 4, 1726. Timothy Hardy, son of Joseph Hardy, Abial, wife of Joseph Kimbal. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRAD-FORD. 43 Sept. 25. Martha Pindar. Oct 30. Joseph, son of James Bayly. 112':, Feb. 25. Abigail, daughter of Ichabod Boynton. Be- thia, daughter of John West. May 7. Sarah, daughter of Nathan Webster. July 28. Nathaniel Fales. Sept. 3. Luke Hovey, Elizabeth Hovey, second daughter of Luke Hovey. Sept. 24. Mary, wife of John Fisk. Nov. 6. Sarah, wife of John Jaques, John Jaques, Eliza- beth Spofiford, daughter of Samuel Spofford, Hepzibah Hardy, daughter of widow Hardy, Mehitabel Middleton, daughter of William Middleton. Dec. 24. These taken in in the forenoon: Sarah Willis, Lydia Gage, daughter of Daniel, Dorcas Kimbal, daugh- ter of Thomas Kimbal, Jr., Mehitabel Steward, daughter of James Steward, Mary Wilson,- daughter of Joseph Wilson. Dec. 24. James Wilson and Martha his wife, Nathaniel Walker, son of ye widow, Amos Foster, Ebenezer Sher- win. These 5 taken in in ye afternoon. Dec. 31. Esther Kimbal, wife of Ephraim Kimbal, Elizabeth wife of John Parker, Solomon Steward, Martha his wife, John Carleton, son of Thomas Carleton, Isaac Kimbal, son of Jonathan Kimbal, Elizabeth (Jarleton, Abigail Carleton, daughters of ye widow, Abigail Carleton, wife of Nathaniel Carleton, Mary Green, daughter of John Green, John Fisk, Elizabeth Green, daughter of ye wid- ow, Nehemiah Carleton, Elizabeth, his wife, Jonathan Cole. These 15 taken in together. Anno 1728. Ebenezer Gage, son of John, Moses Gage, son of Daniel, Zechariah Boynton and Mary, his wife. The additions made to ye church about this time from Dec. 24, &c , were occasioned by the terrible earthquake which began Oct. 29, 1727, at about 1-2 an hour after 10 at night. Jan. 14. David Walker, son of ye widow, Moses Day, son of Moses, Kichard Haseltino, son of Lieut., Stephen Woodman, Nathaniel CailetoUj Ephraim Haseltiue, Thomas Haseltiue, sons of Lieut., Jonathan Sherwin. 44 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Feb. 18. John Day, son of Deacon Day, Mary Webster, daughter of Nathan, Ilepzibah Sherwin, wife of Eben- ezer, Sarah Barnes, daughter of Mrs. Turner, Jeremiah Stickney, Samuel Runnels, son of Samuel, John Gage, son of John Gage, Joseph Mullicken Mar. 3. Sarah Carleton, Mary Lurvey, daughter of widow, , Mary Hovey, wife of John. April 7. Stephen Huse, school master, Mary Haseltine. May 5. Jemima Gage, daughter of Daniel, Lydia Webster, daughter of Nathan, Mercy Kimbal, daughter of Samuel, Kuth Haseltine, daughter of Deacon. June 2. Hannah, wife of Ephraim Peabody, July 2 Joseph, son of Luke Ilovey. Aug. 4. Thomas Turner, Aaron Carleton. Sept 22. Hannah GrifiSn, daughter of John. Oct. 6. Ezekiel Wilson and Ruth his wife, Sarah Boswell, wife of Daniel. Nov. 3. Joseph, son of Sergt. Hall. 39 admitted this year. May 4, 1729. Elizabeth, wife of Daniel Emerson, Sarah daughter of Daniel Gage. June 1. Abigail, daughter of ye widow Day. Aug. 3. Stephen Runnels, son of Samuel. June 7, 1730. Eliza-beth, daughter of David Wood. Oct. 4. Abraham Day, son of ye widow. Nov. 29. Gersham Haseltine. Jan. 17, 1731. Sarah Simmonds, daughter of Rebecka Miller. May 2. Nathan Eams and Mary his wife, Jeremiah Eams, Mehitabel .Earns, their children, baptized the same time. Priscilla Kimballa, wife of Benjamin, Elizabeth Carleton, wife of Ebenezer. July 4. Mehitabel Hazeltine, daughter of Deacon. Aug. 1. Mehitabel, wife of Nathaniel Gage. Feb 6, 1732. Daniel Wood. March 5. Sarah, wife of Daniel Wood, Elizabeith Tyler, wife of Job. June 25. Dorothy Kimbal, wife of Nathaniel. July 2. Sarah, wife of Stephen Woodman, Susannah Mid- dleton, daughter of William, Sarah Ruunels, daughter of Samuel. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 45 April 1, 1'733. Jeremiah Kimbal, Cesar, servant of Ephraim Kimbal. Nov. 4. Sarah, wife of John MuUicken. Mar. 3, 1734. Eachel, daughter of Ichabod Boynton, Eliza- beth, wife of Benjamin Carleton. May 26. Sarah, wife of John Hall, Jr. June 3. Mehitabel, daughter of Jonathan Kimbal, July v. Judith daughter of John U^ll. July 28. Eachel Frie, daughter of widow Haseltine. Aug. 4. Thomas, servant of Jonathan Kimbal. Sept. 1. David Haseltine, son of Deacon Haseltine. Oct. 20. Stephen Meril and his wife. Nov. 17. Elizabeth, wife of Isaac Kimbal. Jan. 5, 1735. Abigail Hardy, daughter of Prudence Daniel- son. Feb. 9. Frances, wife of Joseph Parsons. Feb. 23. Mehitabel, daughter of Nathaniel Griffin, Naomi, daughter of Daniel Gage. June 8. Stephen Kimbal. July 6. Timothy Haggit, Jr. Sept. 7 Mary, daughter of Samuel Webster. Nov. 2. David, son of deacon Hall, Esther, daughter of Dan- iel Gage. Mar. 21, 1736. John Brook. May 2. Martha Marsh. July 4. Abigail Haseltine, daughter of Lieut., Elizabeth Haseltine, daughter of Nathaniel, Mary Hoit. Oct. 3. Thomas Gage and Phebe, his wife, Abraham Gage, son of John Gage, Jr., Job Runnels, son of Samuel, Elizabeth Sesions. Dec. 5. John Hall, Jr., Samuel Webster, Jr. since minister in Salisbury, Mary Stewart, daughter of Edward. Nov. 6, 1737. John Haseltine, son of Lieut., Amos Hasel- tine, son of Thomas Kimbal, Esq. Dec. 4. Mary Kimbal, daughter of Nathaniel. Mar. 5, 1738. Love Sleeper. July 2. Mary, wife of Abraham Day. Dec. 17. Sarah, daughter of dea. Jonathan Woodman. Dec. 31. Nathaniel Haseltine and Sarah his wife. July 8, 1739. Aaron Kimbal. 4© MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Nov. 2, ItiO. David, son of David Wood, Mary, daughter of David Wood. Jan. 7, 1741. Abigail,, wife of Ralph Hall. Jan. 14. Samuel Mulliken and Sarah his wife. Aug. 30. Joseph Kimbal, son of Robert, and Sarah his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John Green, Elizabeth, wife of Maximilian Haseltine. Oct. 18. Henry Sargfent, Dorothy Kimbal, daughter of Ephraim. Oct. 25. John Baily. Nov. 22. Jonathan Woodman,- son of Deacon, Mary his wife. Nov. 29. William Earman. Dec. 20. Elizabeth, daughter of Ichabod Boynton. Jan. 3, 1742. Caleb Hall, son of John, Mary Crummy, Peg, servant of Thomas Carleton. Jan, 24. Abigail, daughter of Robert Kimbal. May 7. Ephraim Kimbal, Ebenezer Webster, Amos Hasel- tine, Nathaniel MuUicken. Mar. 28. Susanna Gage, daughter of John Gage, Jr May 2. Thomas Kimbal, Jr., Elizabeth, wife of Jeremiah Kimbal, Ruth, wife of Thomas Kimbal, Jr., Abigail, daughter of Daniel Gage. June 5, 1743. John Haggit. Sept. 3. Phinehas Kimbal. Nov. 6. Nathan Kimbal. Feb. 26, 1744. John Boynton, son of Zechariah. Mar. 11. Martha, daughter of David Wood. April 8. Joseph Goodhue. May 6. Sarah, wife of John Haggit. Aug. 5. Scisco, servant of Deacon Carleton. Jilar. 2, 1746. Aaron Gage. April 6. Jonathan Kimbal, Jr , son of Samuel. Aug. 3. Mr. Cotton Brown, son of ye Rev. John Brown. Nov. 2. Elizabeth Fales, daughter of ye widow. Dec. 14. David Thurston and Hannah his wife. Mar. 1, 1747. Sarah, daughter of Dea. Hall. Mar.,. 1748. Mary, daughter of Dea. Woodman. April 3. Sarah, wife of Ebenezer Webster, Hannah, daugh- ter of Samuel Kimbal. May 16. Atwood Pales. MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 47 May 29. Phebe, daughter of Samuel Kimbal. Dec. 4. Samuel Woodman, and Mary his wife, Hannah, wife of Samuel Bunnils. June 25, 1749. Phebe, wife of Isaac "WeBt, Mary, daughter of Zeehriah Bointon. July 2. Abigail Carleton. 1750. None. Feb. 17, 1751. Benjamin Gage, Jr. May 6. John Kimbal, Obadiah Hall. May 12. Prudence, wife of Aaron Carleton. June 2. Sarah, daughter of Nehemiah Carleton. June 9. Lydia, daughter of Nathaniel Kimbal. Sept. 22. Sarah, daughter of Nathaniel Kimbal. Dec. 22 Mary, wife of Bbenezer Kimbal. 1752. None. Jan. 28, 1753. Samuel Trask. Feb. 25. Eichard Kimbal, son of Lieut. Mar 25. Dudley Carleton, and Abigail his wife. April 15. Edmund Kimbal, John Head, and Mehitabel his wife. Sept. 2. Joshua Wood and Elizabeth his wife. Nov. 25. Eunice, wife of Richard Kimbal. April, 1754. Ezra Miric. Feb. 17. Abigail, daughter of John Day. April 21. Daniel Buzzil. May 26. Joseph Marble. Oct. 27. Prances Parsons. Mar. 30, 1755. Rebeckah, daughter of Nathaniel Kimbal. April 4. Mary Chadwick, widow of James. July 20. Joseph Kimbal, Jr. and Abigail his wife. Sept. 7. James Haseltine. Sept. 21. Ebenezer Griffln. Dec. 7. Sarah, daughter of Samuel Webster, Mary, daugh- ter of Dea. Walker. Dec. 21. Nathaniel GrifiBn, Rebeckah, wife of James Hasel- tine, Priscilla, wife of Ebenezer GrifiBn, Sarah Buzzil, Rebeckah Skipmore, Sarah Day, Abigail Carleton, daugh- ter of Benjamin, Sarah, daughter of Lieut. David Hasel- tine, Hannah Blazdill, Rebeckah, daughter of Isaac Kim- bal. 48 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Dec. 28. Thomas Webster and Sarah his wife. Jan. 4. 1756. Sarah, wife of Ezra Annise, Mary Kimbal, daughter of David Kate. Jan. 11. Abigail, daughter of Job Eunnils. Jan. 25. Martha Merril. Feb. 1. Mchetabel, daughter of John Day. Feb. 22. Abigail, daughter of Capt. MuUiken. Mar 7. Sarah, daughter of Gage. Mar. 21. Sarah Wood. April 4. Judith, daughter of David Hall. June 6. Jacob Wyman, Jonathan Chadwick, Sarah, wife of Robert Haseltine. Nov. 7. Moses Day and Hannah his wife. April 3, 1757. Samuel Chadwick, Aug. 6, 1758. Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel Kimbal. Nov. 5. Nathaniel Gage, Jr. and Dorothy his wife. July 1, 1759. Mehetabel English. April 6, 1760. John Kimbal son of Benjamin. Dec. 28. Thomas Carleton, Jr. and Molly his wife. Aug. 23, 1761. John Phillips and Elizabeth his wife. Nov. 8. David Chadwick, who lived not to come to ye sac- rament. July 4, 1762. ■ Jonathan Kimbal, son of Nathaniel. April 3, 1763. Benjamin Walker. May 8. Ruben Carleton. June 26. Joseph Mulliken and Elizabeth his wife. Sept. 4. James Carleton and his wife. Nov. 6. Judith, wife of Daniel Thurston. Mar. 1, 1764. Abraham Kimbal and Judith his wife. Aug. 19. Phinehas Carleton, and his wife. Oct. 7. Daniel Jaques and Sarah his wife. Feb. 10, 1765. Abraham Day, Jr. 281 admitted by the Rev. Mr. Parsons. Feb. 9, 1766. John Day and Deborah his wife. June 29. Susanna, wife of Nathan Kimbal. July 6. Hannah, daughter of Nathaniel Kimbal. Aug. 17. Richard Gage and Annah his wife, Isaac Kimbal and Betty his wife, Anna Buzzil. Sept 7, Nathaniel Kimbal and Mary his wife. Oct. 5. Samuel Lakeman and Margaret his wife. Aug. 16. Sept. 20. Dec. 6. Mar. 27, June 12. Sept. 4. Mar. 12, June 11. Feb. 25, Mar. 25. Sept. 30. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 49 Oct 19. Abel Kimbal and Mary his wife. Nov. 2. Benjamin Muzzy. Feb, 22, 1767. Samuel, son of Nathaniel Kimbal. Mar. 15. Mary, daughter of Abraham Day. Abigail, wife of William Easman. Sarah, daughter of Thomas Cross. John West. 1768. Mary Greely, Phineas Gate, and Abiah his wife. Thomas Barnard, school-master. 1769. Thomas Cross, Jr., and Lucy his wife. Amos Mullicken, and his wife. 1770. Aaron Carleton, and Mehitabel his wife. Daniel Kimball, Jr , and Elisabeth his wife. Moses Kimball, and Anna his wife. May 5, 1771. Benjamin Thurston. Feb. 23, 1772. Eichard Walker, and Mary. his wife. June 28. Timothy Kimball, and ; his wife, Mary Web- ster. Oct. 18. Mary Haseltine. Nov. 1. Phineas Webster. Nov. 22. wife of James Lindell, widow Sarah Carleton. May 23, 1773. Shubal Tenney, and Martha his wife. Sept. 5. Jacob Kimbal, and Sarah his wife. Nov. 7. Mary, wife of Abijah Spofford, Mar. 6, 1774. Ephraim Chandler, and Johanna his wife. Nov. 20. John Eunnels, and Sarah his wife. Nov. 27. John Griffin, and Eunice his wife. Mar. 12, 1775. Peter Gage, and Mary his wife. Mar. 26. Joseph Day, and Priscilla bis wife. Oct. 1. Hannah Bailey. Oct. 15. Sarah Walker. 1776. None. Mar. 2, 1777. Sarah, wife of James Lindall. Apr. 27. Dorcas Hagget. June 1. Daniel Barker. Whole number admitted by Mr. Williams, 65. Note. No admissions follow the above for about ten years; probably on account of the Revolutionary War. 50 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. ADMITTED TO COMMUNION BY ME, J. ALLEJT. 1787. Sarah Day, wife of Nicolas Buswell. Sept. 1788. James Kimball, and Sarah his wife, Joseph Chad wick, and Mary his wife. 1791. Theodore Crdss, Mary Carleton, John Marble, Caleb Ford. Sept 6, 1794. Mary Carleton, widow of William Carleton. 1796. Esther Hagget, wife of Moses Hagget. 1797. Martha Tenny, Mary Kimbal and Jane Kimbal, Bay- ley Day and his wife. May 20. Ezra Buck, and Hannah his wife. Sept. 10. Benjamin Walker, and Sarah his wifei Oct, 8. John Day, Jr. Apr. 1, 1798. Richard Kimbal and Nathaniel Kimbal. July 30. Moses Webster, and Susanna his wife. Nov. Mehetabel, wife of David Carleton. Julj' 26, 1799. Mary Carleton, wife of Bezaleel Carleton. 1802. David Kimbal, Jr. Oct. Abel Kimbal, and Abigail his wife. 1804. David T. Kimbal. June, 1806. Joanna Day. Aug. 11. John Haseltine, and Rebecca his wife, Edward Kimball and his wife, Eunice, wife of Eliot Payson, Sarah, wife of Asa Kimball, Betsey, wife of Ezra Trask, Betsey, wife of Nathan Kimball. Sept. Mary Haseltine, Nancy Haseltine and Rebecca Fitz. 1807. Moses Hall, and Elisabeth his wife, wife of Lieut. Tenny, Jr., Rebecca and Abigail Carleton Has- eltine. Sept. 13. Sarah Marble, Betsy Allen and Lydia Kimball. Oct. 10 Mary Gage, Hannah Gage and Betsey Gage. Mar. 11, 1810. Hannah Carleton. Apr. 11. Sophia Kimball and Sarah Chadwick. 1811. Rebecca Kimbal!, wife of Edmund Kimball, and Ruth Davis, wife of Daniel. Oct. 1812. Amos Perley, Hannah Tenny. Nov. 15. Samuel Stiles, and Mary his wife, and the wife of Samuel Webster, Betsey Kimball, Rebecca Kimball, James Kimball and Mehitabel Carleton. 1813. Charlott Gage and Martha Cobern. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 5 1 1814. Samuel Kimball and his wife. Jan. Almah Hall and Mary Tenny. Nov. 12, 1815. David Tenny, Jesse Kimball, William Kim- ball. 1818. Esther Richardson and George Kimball. Nov. Eunice Tuttle. June 13, 1819. Nancy Hall, Betsey Hall, Sarah Kimball, and Elizabeth Kimball. Dec. 1, 1824. Rev. Ira Ingraham was admitted a member of this church. 85 admitted by Mr. Allen. NoTB. The above closes the list of members in the old book, and the following continues the same in the new book now in use. Mar. 1825. Isaac Morse, Lydia Morse, Mary B. Harris, Deborah W. Ingraham, wife of Rev. I. Ingraham. Aug. 12. Lucy Allen. Nov. 10. Nancy Johnson, wife of' Frederick Johnson. Apr. 8, 1826. Rev. Isaac Jones, Nancy Jones. Apr. 16. Sarah Tenney, wife of Leonard. Jan. 7, 1827. Elizatte Hale. May 6. Harriet Kimball, wife of Eliphalet. June 16. Leonard Johnson, Myra Johnson, wife of Leonard. , July 8. D. Chadwick Kimball, Louisa Kimball, wife of Chad- wick, Capt. Jonathan Chadwick, Eunice Chadwick, wife of Capt. Jonathan, Caroline Allen, Laura A. Heath, wife of Charles Kelley. July 8. Elbridge Little, Charles Kitridge, Adaline Tenney, wife of Leonard, Jane R. Hovey, Sarah Carleton, Louisa Carleton, wife of Doyle, Sarah L. Payson, Elvira Kim- ball, wife of Joshua Day, Emily Kimball, wife of John Day, Sophia Gage, wife of Col. J. Parker, Adaline John- son, wife of John Tuttle, Lucretia Greenleaf, wife of Benjamin, Rebecca Kimball, Sophronia Peabody, wife of E. Little, Mary Ann Allen, wife of Osborn, Horatio Harris, Samuel Tenney, Isaac Hovey, Capt. Rufus Kim- ball. Sept. 2. John G. Buswell, Mrs. Mary H. Richardson, wife of James Richardson, Charlotte J. Ordway, Lydia Carle- ton, wife of Nathaniel, Mrs. Mary Carleton, wife of Isaac, Eliphalet Kimball, Dr. Enoch Cross, Ann Trask, 52 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Mrs. Deborah Hovey, widow, Mary Phillips, wife of John Kimball, Mrs. Hannah Chadwick, wife of Samuel Chadwick, Mrs. Abigail Thurston, wife of Daniel, Mrs. Sarah Carleton, Mrs. Sophia Day, widow, Eliza Peabody, wife of Allen, Mary Trask. Nov. 4. Mrs. Martha Ordway, Elery Hale, Deborah R Day, wife of B. P. Chad wick, William Day, Jr., Mrs. Ehoda Day, wife of William, Jacob Kimball, Mary P. Chad- wick, Mrs. Almira Carleton, wife J. P. Carleton, Ben- jamin P. Chadwick. April 19, 1828. Aaron Henry, Miriam Henry. June 14. Betsey Kimball, wife of George. Aug. 1, Mrs. Abigail Kimball, wife of Dea. Jesse. Sept. 6. Mrs. Susanna Simonds, widow. Jan. 4, 1829. Moses E. French. Mar. 1. Emily Spofford, wife of Wm. Hall. July 3. Benjamin Hale, Ann Hale. Jan. 3, 1880. James French. Feb. 19, 1831. Lydia S. Hoadley, wife of Rev. L. I. Mar. 6. John Kimball. June 3. Sally Williams, widow, Lavinia Carleton, wife of df Carey. Sept. 4. Tryphena Pike, widow, Elizabeth P. Marble, wife of John M., Esther Simpson, widow. Nov. 3. Nancy Day, wife of William, Betsey Smith Spof- ford, wife of Moody, Nathaniel Carleton, Carey Carle- ton, Lucy Kimball, wife of Poor, Caroline Carleton, wife of Joshua, Eliza Ann Hovey, Doct. George Cogswell, Abigail P. Cogswell, Nathaniel Thurston Kimball, Har- riet G. Kimball, Joshua Holt, Rebecca Holt, Mary G. Holt, wife of Joseph. Jan.' 1, 1832. Benjamin Greenleaf, James Bartlett, Mehita- ble Bartlett, wife of James B., John R. Buswell, Har- riet H. Buswell, Frederick Johnson, Daniel Kimball, George H. GriflSn, James Kimball, Nathan Holt, James Otis Buswell, Elizabeth B. Peabody, wife of John, Sam- uel Jenkins, Mary Peabody, wife of Nathaniel, Char- lotte Harris, wife of Wm. Allen, Priscilla Hopkinson, wife of Wm. N. Kimball, Caroline Kimball, wife of- Jew- ell, Chailotte C. Tenny, wife of Daniel Kimball, Maria MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 53 Whittier, Harriet H. Webster, D. T. Kimball, Elizabeth Hale, Priscilla Carleton, wife of Hubbard, Hannah L. Little, wife of William Tenny, Olinda Hovey, Hannah Dale, widow, Isaac Carleton. Mar. ]. Mary Jane Day, Emeline Whittier, Sarah W. But- rick, wife of William, Mary J. Pike, Charles Buswell, No. 4. John Parker. May 3, 1833. Mary A. Searle, wife of Rev. M. 0., Eleanor Jenkins, wife of Samuel. Aug. 16. Nancy Newell, widow Elizabeth Newell. June 22. John Morse. • Oct. 18. Betsey Whittiet. Feb. 15, 1834. Alfred Kittredge, Mary Kittredge. Aug. 9. Chloe Haseltine. July 11. William Eaton, Lucinda Eaton, Ann M. Eaton, Henry Hills, Harriet Hills, Elizabeth A. Kimball, wife of Charles. May 1, 1886. William Hall. June 3. William Cummings. Aug. 26. Daniel Pitts, Nancy Fitts, Sophia Day, wife of Charles Tenney. Sept. 4. Humphrey Hoyt, Alice B. Hoyt, Sophronia Griffin, wife of Johnson. Nov. 4. Harriet Heath. Dec. 23. Laura A. Willet, wife of Lewis, Elizabeth Mont- gomery, wife of Geo. K. Sept. 1, 1837. Sarah T. Page. Nov. 4. Warren Ordway, Caroline Ordway. Dec. 29. Mary J. Munroe, wife of Rev. Nathan. Mar. 4, 1838. William N. Kimball, Louisa Hopkinson, wife of Wm. N. Kimball, Sally George, Hannah Heath. Mar. 30. Dolly Peabody, wife of Leonard. Apr 20. Elizabeth I. Kimball, wife of Albert. May 6. William P. Johnson, Zelinday Payson, Roxanna Peabody. July 1. Nehemiah Carleton, J. P. Carleton, Joseph Hall. John P. Montgomery, Hannah Montgomery, George K. Montgomery, Philip Kimball, Sophia Kimball, William H. Kimball, Albert Kimball, David Kimball, S. C. Saw- yer, Aaron P. Heath, Mrs. Charlott H Carr, Elizabeth 54 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Carr, George Johnson, Leonard Tenny, George Fitts, Sarah A. Pike, Harriet N. Morse, Mary T. Tenny, wife of A. Heath, Lucretia H. Kimball, wife of Rev. S. C. Kendall, Ann M. Johnson, Cyrena Wheeler, wife of Emerson, Nancy J. Haseltine, wife of Sanborn. Aug. 31., Betsey Kimball, wife of Asa, Martha Kittredge, widow, Phebe Davis, wife of Barzilla, Emma E. Hodg- kins, wife of Geo. Johnson, Timothy Eaton, Sept. 2, 1838. Nathaniel Gage, Hannah Gage, Priscilla Gage, John Marble, Mary Marble, Kimball Farrar, Almira Farrar, Nancy Carleton, wife of George, Charlotte Holt, wife of Joshua, Sarah Smith, Maria Kimball, Lydia Hale, wife of William, Gilbert Kimball, William Butrick. Jan. 6, 1833. Moody Spofford, Martha A. Watson, Charles Tenney. May 3. Abel Chase, Mrs. Chase. Aug. 9. Eebecca Emerson. Aug. 27. Lucinda J. Kimball, wife of D. Fitts. Nov. 3. John Emerson. June 21, 1840. Sarah Sawyer, widow. Aug. Sophia S. Day, wife of Charles Tenney. Sept. 6. Amos Gage, Warren Gage, George Gage, Leverett Kimball, Luther Johnson, Alpheus Trask, William El- liot, Ireen Elliott, wife of William, Sarah A. Johnson, wife of William F., Mary Pearson, wife of Joseph, Mary Day, wife of C. B. Webster. Nov. 1. Abigail Bohonan, wife of Geo. Brown. Jan. 3, 1841. Julia Sessions, Francis C. Dodge, Margaret L. Jackson. Mar. 5. Nancy Emerson. June 10, 1841. Lucy Lovejoy, Berlinda Lovejoy. Nov. 5. Anna M. Hall, wife of Joseph. Dec. 31. Ellen Emerson, Ann E. Kimball, wife of James. Mar. 6, 1842. John G. Eussell. Sept. 4. Sarah Silsby, Emeline Silsby. Nov. 4. Elisabeth Peabody, wife of John. Mar. 5, 1843. Elisabeth Cate, wife of Rev. E. A. Barrows, Marcia D. Kimball, Isabella G. Kimball. Apr. 14. Charlotte Webster, wife of Leonard. May 1. Hannah P. Silsby, wife of George. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 55 June 30. Martha Webber, Elisabeth Heath,, wife of A P. Sept. 2. John H. Lovejoy, Sally Lovejoy, Lucelia T. Mun- roe, wife of Eev. Nathan, Fanny R. Cheever, wife of Henry, Dec. 22. Caroline Gage, wife of Warren. Jan. 1, 1844. George E. Silsby. May 5. Nathaniel T. Kimball, Harriet G. Kimball, Susan Smith. July 5. John Benson, Lucy A. Benson. Feb. 26, 1846. Nabby Oarleton, widow. Apr. 30, 1847. Daniel B. Kimball, Charlotte Kimball. July 2. Catharine Brown, wife of Addison. July 30. Laura A. Willett, wife of Lewis. Sept. 3. Maria M. Watson, wife of John. Sept. 26. Simeon Atwood, Mary H. Atwood. Nov. 7. Charles B. Johnson, Angelina R. Day, Eliza W. Day, Elisabeth P. Day, Mary E Blair, Lucelia J. Kim- ball, Marietta Kimball, Abby H. Johnson, Eunice P. Lunt, M. Sophia Kimball, Julia A. Richardson, Sarah S. Carleton, wife of R. H. Emerson, Sarah S. Knowles, Susan F. Smith, Betsey P. Greenleaf, wife of Rev. S. C. Kendell, Louisa Kimball, Laura A. Willett, wife of J. Gale, Eliza A. Roger. Jan. 2, 1818. Berlinda Lunt, wife of Dr. Smith. June 29, 1849. Henry Hill, Abigail 0. HiU. Sept. 9.. J. H. Strickland, Charlotte Strickland. Nov. 2. Sarah Holt, wife of Joshua. Feb. 28, 1850. Mary L. Kimball, wife of Leverett. Mar. 3. John P. Montgomery, Hannah Montgomery, Nov. 1. Joseph 'p. Junkins, Sarah A. Junkins. Nov. 3. Priscilla Johnson, Juliett Kimball. Jan. 15, 1851. Harriet Pike, wife of Stephen. Mar. 2. Ann E. Watson, Caroline E. Morse. July 6. Thomas H. Lovejoy, Ellen M. Kimball, Sarah M. Ordway, Mary A. Parker. Mar. 28, 1852. Maria Atwood. Apr. 21. George Johnson. Dec. 21. Ann Ordway, wife of Nathaniel Ordway, Susan J. Bodell. Jan. 2, 1853. Thomas J. Carleton. 56 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Mar. 6. Eliza Spofford, wife of Moses. May 1. Sophronia Carleton. July 1. Luther Johnson Mary F. Johnson. Feb. 24, 1854. Mary F. Page, wife of Joseph. May 5. Eev. J. T. McCollorii, Mrs. E. H. McCollom, Oar- oline E Jewell, ikay 7. Sarah B. Dexter, wife of Locke, Lydia K. Green- leaf. Jan. 7, 1855, Laburtori Johnson, Caroline E. Johnson. May 3. Andrew Ellis, Deborah Ellis, Joseph F. Kimball, Lucinda Kimball, Fhineas A. Carleton, Henry Phillips, Almira Bradstreet, wife of Justin E., Lois A. Sawyer, wife of B. G. Perry. July 1. Hiram Day, So'phroni'a A. Day, Harriet E. Jewell, wife of W. W. Phillips, C|iarlotte P. Kimball, wife of Nichols, Mary 0. Locke, Charlotte E. Allen, Abby G. Hoyt, wife of S. L. B. Speare, Julia 0. Johnson, Ellen M. Freeman. July 30. Mary A. Morse. Oct. 16. Jane Lang, wife' 6f Francis, Emily J. Lang, Amanda L. Hyatt, Behjamih Webster, Ann A. Webster. Nov. 4. Ann. Mitchell, Sarah Magoon. May 4, 1856. Cynthia Whipple. Dec. 19. S. L. B. S'p6are. Jan. 4, 1857. Hannah M. Carleton, wife of George, Mar. 1. Almira; Hobbs. Apr. 16. Julia A. Parker. May 3. Anna J. Kimball. Sept. 12, 1857. Walter Goodell, Sally Goodell, Nathaniel Hatch, C. P. Hatch, Horatio Pearl, William Nowell, Elisabeth Nowell, Lucy B. Nowell, Harvey M. Towle, Chastina Towle. Jan. 3, 1858. Eebecca P. Heath, wife of Enos, Elisabeth H. Hall, Emily' S. Hall, Feb. 19. Ransom F. Tubbs. Mar. 6. Francis E. Holt, Lydia Tyler. July 4, 1858. Ellen M. Chadwick, wife of D. F. Towne, Mary E. Chadwick, wife of Henry Phillips, Caroline C. Day, wife of W. L. Gage. Sept. 5. William Hilton", Ann M. Hilton, Abigail C. Jen- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 57 kins, wife of S. Warren, Caroline P. Ordway, wife of W. Everett, Samuel D. Moody, Matilda T. Morrison, wife of Elliott, Alice M. Curtis, Thomas W. Ilaseltine, Joseph Page, Charles W. Carleton, William W. Phillips, Nowell F. Sawyer, S. Willard Carleton, Susan 0. Da- vis, William E. Whipple, Edward P. Webster, Sarah J. Kimball, Albert L. Kimball, Henry T. Elliott, William L. Gage, Jacob Gale, Edward F. Brigdon, Hannah E. Brigdon. Oct. 22. Mary A. Kimball, wife of Raymond, Maria S. El- lis, wife of John A Nov. 7. Frances A. Blaisdell, wife of Richard W., Nancy Haseltine, wife of Thomas W., Mary F. Ordway, wife of E. Carter, Friscilla Kimball, Arabella Kimball. Dec. 17. Mary L. C. Elliott, wife of Henry T., Frederick G. Nason, Abigail P. Nason Dec. 31. William K. Vail, Julia T. Vail. Jan. 2. 1859. George S. Collins. May 1. Edward G. Hanson, Adaliae Kent, July 10. Isaac Lawrence. Aug. 18. Mary A. Holt,, wife of Joshua. Aug. 25. Mary K. Poor, wife of Moses, Adelaide G. Tenny, wife of Justin E. Sept. 4. Sarah J. Chadwick. Nov. 6. Rebecca E. Haseltine. Mar. 4, 1860. Carlos R. Sargent, Lucetta A. Sargent, Mary 0. How. May 3. Ann M. Munroe, wife of Rev. Nathan, Lois S. S. Kimball. May 6. Kate S. Carter, wife of J. Corson. Aug. 30. Serena J. Campbell, wife of Rev. G. W. Nov. 1, 1861. Abbie A. Ordway, wife of G. W., Isabella L. Kimball, wife of A. L. Dec. 12. Lucy M. Goodell. May 4, 1862. Sarah P. Cogswell, Emeline L. Johnson, wife of J. H. Cummings. Feb, 26, 1863. Julia A. Gage. Mar. 1. A. Walter Kimball. May 3. Mary Isabella Kimball. July 3. Mrs. Abbie West. 58 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. July 5. Francis Lang, Harlon P. Waldo, Isaac Goodell, Herbert W. Brigden, Thomas 0. McCollom, Emma A. A. Shute. Sept. 6. William K. Parrar, Josephine M. Farrar, Samuel W. Johnson, Levina Johnson, Nicolas D. Sawyer, Mary W. Sawyer, wife of Richard, Catharine L. Poor, Mary E. Hopkinson, wife of S. W., Eliza Goodwin, Mary Lovejoy, wife of George, Mary L. Pemberton, wife of Edwin, Mary P. Whittier, wife of Daniel, Mary E. Sav- age, Mary D. Oarleton, Emma A. Kimball, Louise J. Libbey, Emma G. Whippte, Ellen I. Gage, Mary K. Gage, Mary F. Sawyer, Rebecca M. Kimball, Mary P. Dexter. Nov. 1. Charles Kimball, Eugene W. Day, Sarah F. Ten- ney. Mar. 6, 1864. Mary J. Munroe,* Sarah S. Munroe, Emma L. Davis, Lucy E. Lovejoy, wife of D. Roberts, Nellie L Oambell, Ida M. Oarleton. April 29. Julia A. S. Welch. May 1. George. E. Lovejoy. July 3. Nathan B. Tilton, Betsey H. Tilton, Benjamin F. Darling, Abigail M, Darling, William II. Page. Sept. 4. Mrs. Lafayette Day, Anstice M. Oarleton, wife of Nathaniel. Mar. 5, 1865. Mary E. Peabody, wife of Calvin, Rebecca W. Hobson, wife of John H. Oct. 23, Sarah Day, wife of Gage. Jan. 5, 1866. Mary A. Brooks. Jan. 1. Josephine Sawyer, wife of Edward, Emma L. But- rick, wife of William H. Feb. 1. Rev. J. D. Kingsbury, Charlotte M. Kingsbury. Feb. 15. Lucretia 0. Webster, wife of Edward P. Mar. 4, Elizabeth M. Sanborn, Hattie S. Evans. Apr. 26. Lucy A. Peabody, Paonie Cogswell, wife of Dr. William. Sept. 2. Louise K. Hopkinson. Oct. 18. Mary K. Poor, wife of Moses Poor. Nov. 4. Susan McLeod Dexter. Dec. 20. Alvan Lewis, Abbie Lewis. Jan. 6, 1867. Ellen B. Sanborn, Mary M. Smith. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 59 Mar, 3. Julia A. Goodell, Faunie. S. Hall. Apr. 11. Ann M. Jenkins, wife of Albert H. May 2. Harrison E. Ghadwick, B. G. Perry. May 5. Dr. William Cogswell, Hellen A. Amazeen, John B. Tewkesbury, Emily A. Tewkesbury, Harriet Elliott, widow, Rebecca G. Hodgkins, wife of Alexander S. May 5, 1867. Elizabeth Le. B. Kimball, widow. June 21. Charles M. Kimball, Amelia Walton, widow, Theo- dore Eeynolds, John A Day, Lizzie Day. July 7. Lorenzo Waldo, Martha J. Waldo, George T. Brown, Annie W. Brown, George W. Hewes, Kuthetta Hewes, Henry P. Morse, Mary T. Morse, B. L. Pearsons, Mary E. Page, Harriet E. Thornton, wife of William, Sarah E. Parrar, wife of J. B., Mary Knight, wife of Albert H., Emily A. Silsby. Sept. 8. Cornelius Kaler, Sarepta E. Kaler, Martha K. Saw- yer, wife of Samuel C, Isabella L. Swasey, wife of Hazen, Caroline D. Cogswell, Annie M. Pearl, Sarah K Poor, wife of Jenkins, Anna S. Hatch, Mary E. John- son, Henry L. Davis, Edwin C. Kimball. Nov. 3, Doane Cogswell, William B. Morse, Frank H. Ty- ler, Daniel P. Gorman, Stafford D. Webster. Jan. 6, 1868. Angelina Peabody, wife of Charles, Ednah A. Morse, wife of Henry. Mar. 1. Sarah E. Poor, Arthur H. Hall, Abby F. Lovejoy, wife of Thomas H. May 1. Eliza D. Tucker, Ellen E. Chadwick, Stephen J. Carleton. May 1, 1869. Charles H. Morse, Edith A. Page, wife of Wm. H., Lucius H. Morse, John P. Hall, Milton B. Day, Henry L. Baker, E. P. Frothingham, Lefie M. Gage, wife of Estees, Fayette F. Charles, Austin G. Lewis, Mary A. Kimball, Franklin G. Phillips, Alice A. Kimball, wife of E. W. Day, Lydia M. Perry, Sophia A. Tappan, Jane C. Peabody, Hattie Hills. July 4, 1869. George F. Bradstreet, George M. Brown, As- tell Gage, Julia A. Spoffbrd, Mary E. Webster, Harriet A. Campbell, Sylvia F. Ellis, wife of Cyrus, Eunice Kimball. Nov. 7. Daniel N. Poor, Jr., Samuel B. Perry. 6o MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Dec. 30. George L. Kelley, Kate M. Kelley. Mar. 6, 18'70. Lois A. Thurlow, wife of H. P. Waldo. April 21. Dea. Curtis Lawrence, Harriet Lawrence. May 1. Julia M. Kimball, wife of Edmund, Sarah D. El- liot, wife of Edwin G. May 4, 1871. Lucretia H. Kendall. May 7. Ada B. Shannon. July 2. Charles Kneeland, Lucy M. Kneeland, Charles E. Wentworth. Nov. 5. Nettie A. Peabody, Abby F. Eaton. July 7, 1872. Charles G. Johnson, Herbert L. Gale, Hattie P. Atwood, Maggie E. Hilton, Mary P. Ha;tch. July 18. John Corson. Sept. 8. Macy E. Phillips, Helena A. Phillips, Elizabeth L. Handy, Alice M. Johnson, Marilla L. Peabody, Mary A. Eaton. Nov. 3. Josephine P. Lang, wife of Charles. Jan. 2, 1873. Cleora A. Veasey, wife of George, Ann Thomp- son, Williams E. Adams, Marion Adams, Ann Camp- bell. June 19. Abraham Holmes, Susan B. Holmes. July 6. Grace H. Kimball. May 3, 1874. Ella G. Sawyer, Carrie C. Sawyer. July 12. Charles T. Eichards, Sarah E. Merrill, Mary B. Merrill, Martha L. Perry. Dec. 24. Orestes West, Mary A. West, Enoch Butler, Mary B. Butler, Emma Butler. Nov. 5, 1875. E. A. Lawrence, Susan C. Lawrence. Nov. 7. Salome B. Ordway, wife of Walter. Jan. 2, 1876. Annie L. Hopkinson, Annie P. Burnham. Mar. 5. John P. Merrill, Anna 0. Merrrill, Anna P. John- son, Stella Blaisdell, Lillie P. Burnham, Alice C. Burn- ham, Florence A. William^, Lizzie C. Merrill, wife of John P., Sallie B. Holmes, George K. Nealley, Jane Neally, Henrietta Dresser, wife of George W., Ella H. Hoyt, wife ol E. H. Hoyt. April 20. Gardner G. Kimball. May_6. L. A. Drury, Frances A. Drury, B. P. Leavett, Eliza D. Ladd. May 7. Catharine A. Hatch, Mary J. Kimball, Elvira H. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 6l Page, wife of William H., Harriet E. Kimball, wife of Gardner G., Julia W. Williams, wife of Harrison, H Parker Williams, Edward P. Hatch, Mary L. Walton, Jessie Town, Ellen H. Perry, Carrie A. Peabody, George F. Neally, Frank S. Gage, Willard 0. Tyler, Martha P. Holmes, wife of Samuel, Elizabeth W. Brown, wife of John T., Jane W, Libby, EmHy A. Lewis, Elvina E. Day, Moses S. Sawyer, Ada E. Sawyer, Henrietta P. Morse, wife of George F., Mabel D. Morse, Juliette K. Blake, Clara L. Gale, Lizzie W. Gale, D. F. Town, George D. Veasey, Harris C. Pearson, Fred. C. Kneeland. June 9. Charles Williams, H. J. Williams. July 2. Frank H. Kimball, Mary A. C. Kimball, William Thorn- ton, John T. Brown, Everett W. Poor, John A. Ellis, Hattie J. Ellis, Martha F. Kimball, wife of William E., Caroline Kimball, Ida F. Bailey, Sophia E. Kimball, Ju- lia G. Bradstreet, wife of George F., Lucy A. Chad- wick, wife of Harrison E., Charles Kimball, Mary J. Kimball. Nov. 2. Annie E. Johnson, Elizabeth G. Webster, Mary E. Webster. Jan. 7, 1877. M. Louise Pearson. July 1. Maud V. A. Neally, Cynthia P. Day, Nellie G. Day, Bertha A. Wilson, Effie M. Parker, Charles A. Ellis, Katy Kingsbury, Mattie Kingsbury, Mary F. Hop- kineon, Catherine A. Kimball, Eleanor, H. Kimball, A. H. Atwood, Dolly A. Atwood. Nov. 4. John H. Richardson, Lydia Ellen Bichardson. Jan. 3, 1878. Mrs. Mary E. Anderson. Oct. 31. Mrs. Elizabeth P. Smart, widow. Nov. 8. Mrs. Ann Prye, widow. July 3, 1879. Mrs. Sarah Sargent, widow, Mrs. Lydia M. Wells, widow, Kose G. Clarke, wife of Huse G. Jan, 3, 1880. Laura M. Driver, wife of Samuel. Jan. 4. John Batchelder. July 4. Samuel Driver. May 1, 1881. Clara M. Chadwick, Mary E. Phillips, Annie F. Johnson, Annie W. Ripley, Minnie L. Stone, Isabel D. Kelley. July 3. Mary Perry, Julia Kimball. 62 MKMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Nov. 6. Ilelen M. Hall, wife of Arthur H. Dec. 1. Christina Duncan, widow, Christina Duncan. Mar. 2, 1882. Mrs. J. A. Truesdal. May 7. Mrs. Charles Poor, wife of Charles H., Charles H. Poor, Caroline S. Wentworth. THE EXPAHDED OKEED. The cree5 and covenant remained unchanged until the time of Allen, who was accustomed to write new covenants, as special acts of consecration. Two such are recorded. The more definite creed statement, as it stands to-day, was prepared by Mr. Ingraham. It is nearly identical with the creed statement which was adopted by churches at that time and a little later. Some verbal changes were made by Mr, Hoadly. The creed and covenant are as follows : ARTICLES OF FAITH. 1, There is one only living and true God, the Creator, Preserver and Governor of the Universe ; a being self-existent, independent and un- changeable ; infinite in power, wisdom, holiness, justice, goodness and truth. 3. The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments were written by holy men as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, and are an infallible rule of faith and practice. 3. God exists as revealed in the Scriptures, in three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and gbry. 4. God made all things for himself, and governs them according to the counselof his own will; the principles and administration of his govern- ment being perfectly holy, just and good. 5. The first human pair were made upright, and constituted the general representatives of the whole human family ; but they sinned against God by eating of the forbidden fruit, and in consequence of their apostacy aH their descendants are alienated from God and opposed to his law, till re- newed by the Holy Spirit. 6. In sovereign love, not willing that any should perish, God hath from before the foundation of the world, chosen some unto salvation, through sanctification of the spirit and belief of the truth. 7. The only Redeemer is the Lord Jesijs Christ, who being God as well »8man, has made atonement for sin, in view of which pardon is freely of- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 63 feredto all, and God can be jast and the justifier of him that belieyeth in Jesus ; yet such, notwithstanding, is the obstinacy of the heart in sin, that none ever do accept or believe, but such as are made willing in the day of his power, by the grace of his Holy Spirit. 8. Repentance toward God and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ is the immediate duty of every sinner : ■ and they who are effectually called by the Holy Spirit, and made willing to accept of salvation, will be pre- served to God's eternal kingdom of glory in heaven. 9. . tinder the christian dispensation, the ordinances of the church are Baptism and the Lord's Supper. Believers and their households are pro- per subjects for baptism, and all who are truly penitent and believing in Christ are proper candidates for the Lord's Supper. 10. There will be a general resurrection both of the just and of the un- just, and a day of judgment in which the Lord Jesus Christ will award to every accountable creature according to his deeds : The wicked will go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into life eternal. THE COVENANT. In the presence of God, angels and men, you do now solemnly avouch the Lord Jehovah, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, to be your God, the object of your supreme love and your portion forever. You cor- dially acknowledge the Lord Jesus Christ in all his mediatorial offices, as Prophet, Priest and King, to be your only Saviour ; and the Holy Ghost to be your only sanctifier, comforter and guide. You humbly and cheer- fully devote yourself to God in the everlasting covenant of his grace, con- secrating all your powers and faculties, with all that you possess, to his service ; promising through the assistance of his Spirit, that you will give diligent attendance on his word and ordinances, seek the honor and inter- est of his kingdom, and, henceforth, denying all ungodliness and every worldly lust, live soberly, righteously and godly in the world. Moreover, you devote not only yourself, but also all those in relation to whom God has constituted you, or may constitute you, the guardian ; cove- nanting to bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and thus to instruct them in the duties and privilege of the christian religion as implied in baptism ; bearing them on your heart in prayer, and plead- ing for them God's remembrance of his covenant, " To be a God to thee and thy seed after thee. " You also cordially join yourself to this church, as a true church of Christ, engaging to submit to its government and discipline, to strive earn- estly for its purity, peace and enlargement, and to walk with its members in charity, faithfulness and circumspection. We, then, the members of this Church, receive you affectionately to our communion, promising you our prayers, our christian sympathy and our love ; engaging on our part also to walk with you in all becoming watch- fulness, kindness and fidelity ; hoping that you and we shall become more and more conformed to the example of our divine Master, till we come a* last to the perfection of holiness in the kingdom of his glory. Amen. 64 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. The doctrine of the church has never been corrupted. While there has never been what Dr. Fiske calls an "ultra, angular, pugnacious orthodoxy," the church has held steadily on its way, maintaining the faith of the fathers according to the word of God. THE HALF-WAT COVENANT. In common with other churches, the half-way covenant was in use by this people. The purpose of it was to give the privilege of baptism to children of parents who did not think themselves fit to partake of the sacrament. The form of that covenant is not on our records. But this is the form as it stood in the mother church : "I take God the Father to be my chiefest good and highest end. " I take God, the Son, to be my only Lord and Saviour. " I take God the Holy Spirit to be my sanctifier, Teacher, Guide and Lawgiver. " I take the people Godtobemy people in all conditions. " I likewise devote and dedicate unto the Lord my whole self, all I am, all 1 have, and all I can do. "And all this I do deliberately, firmly, sincerely and forever. It is easy to see that this is not, in reality^ a Jialf- way covenant. It is probable that most of those who subscribed to it were sincere christians ; some may have been moved by selfish motives. There was a great temptation. Citizenship depended on church member- ship. Qualification for office depended on character and membership. It is to be remembered also, that baptism was thought to be essential; not a little superstition mingled with the thought. Parents who had no church membership deprived their children of the prerogatives of the church and shut them out from . the family of God. The attention of the people was called to this necessity of baptism by Mr. ' Symmes in his sermons ; special meetings were held to consider the fact that many MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 65 of the baptized children of the church were growing up without owning the covenant ^ votes were passed in town meeting authorizing Mr. Symraes to visit among the people, calling any two men to help him, for the purpose of admonishing those who neglected to own the covenant. Such persons were to be warned espe- cially that "their children could not be baptized if they failed in this dut}'." The result Avas that many persons replied that they believed in all doctrines and duties of religion, but they feared they had not a full christian experience. The half-^ay covenant was made for them. There is no separate coyenant on the record of the church for "half-way" covenanters. There never was one. The church passed votes from time to time on the subject, allowing persons "not scandalous in life, and orthodox in faith," to have their children baptized. They were allowed all the privileges of the church ex- cept the sacrament. For this they were exhorted to prepare themselves by prayer and meditation. It was a provision to reach that great number of christians, who are found in every generation, who are outside the church and not do esteem themselves worthy to be called chris- tians, or to receive the holy sacrament. The half-wsty system failed. All systems will fail which leave out the present, personal, imperative duty to receive Christ, to enter his qjiurch, to accept the gifts of grace and the ordinances of the free gospel of the loving Son of God. EULIXa ELDEES AND THE DIAOONATE. The office of Ruling Elder in this church dates from its early history tUl the pastorate of Mr. Williams. ,The following record alludes to the persons who performed the duty, but does not give the title of office : 66 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. " 22 of 11, 1687. Stayed ye Brethren and proposed whether they did " consent that the pew next to and under ye pulpit should be improved " by such brethren as did serve the church in reading the Psalms, or sup- " plying the place of deacons." It appears that these persons performed the duties of elders and deacons at that datQ. The regular appoint- ment of ruling elders was after the acceptan6e of the "Cambridge Platform Jan. 30, 1717-18: " The church being satisfied that it is according to ye mind of Christ " that there should be Ruling Elders, different from preaching elders, and " no objection against theirproceeding to the choice of such officer.i, they do " agree and resolve in convenient time, with God's leave, to proceed to ye " choice of such a number as upon further consideration and discourse shall " be decided." March 28, 1718, Sergt John Boynton was unanimously chosen Ruling Elder ; Dea. Tenny Jr. was also appointed for the "East End." The method of induction to office of elder is not given in the records of this church. In other churches the ceremony consisted of a " prayer and charge" concern- ing fidelity to the trust, closing with the laying on of hands and these words, In the name of the Lord Jesus, and hy his power committed to this ehureh, we do or- dain thee unto the office of ruling elder of this church. •The duties of the office were chiefly " to assist ye Pas- tors and teachers in diligent attendance to all other acts of rule besides exhortation and doctrine." " To receive applications for admission to the church, and examine the candidates in religious knowledge and if satisfactory to propound them before the congregation. To sit in front of the pulpit during service and dictate the Psalms to be sung. The office of deaconess was never in use in this church. It was approved by Robinson.* " The widow or deaconesse who is to attend the sick and im- potent, with compassion and cheerfulness." Governor Bradford speaks of this office in the church at Amster- dam: *FeItV. l,p. 58. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 67 " They had one ancient widow for a Deaconess, who did them service " for many years, though she was sixty years of age when she was chosen. ' " She honored her place, and was an ornament to the congregation. She "usually sat in a convenient place in the congregation, with a little birch- " en rod in her hand, and kept little children in great awe. She did fre- "quently visit the sick ahdweak, especially women, and, as there was need, " called oat maids and young women to watch and do them other helps, " and if they were poor she would gather relief for them of those that " were able, or acquaint the deacons, and she was obeyed as a mother " in Israel, and an officer of Christ." The first appointment of deacons is not quite clear in the records. David Haseltine and Richard Hall were "nominated to provide elements for the Lord's supper Nov. 2, 1682." The list of deacons is as follows : John Tenney, ( pro^ably the first Deacons, and chosen Dec. Lieut. Samuel Tenny, f Probably a Committee only, but pos- Sergt, Richard Bailey, ( sibly Deacons, Feb. 2d, 1813. . VNToodman j ^^^^^^ j^^ 24th, 1728. Moses Day, ( Joseph Hall, chosen May 30tb, 1730. Thomas Carleton, chosen Oct. 31 st, 1742. David Walker, " Nov. 28th, 1745. Moses Day, " May 31st, 1751. Stephen Kimball, " January 18th, 1754. Obadiah Kimball, " March I6th, 1762. Thomas Kimball, " April 21st, 1767. Thomas Webster, " , 1782. Richard Walker, " April— ,1797. John Griffin, " Feb. — , 1804. John Haseltine, " June 18th, 1807. Jesse Kimball, " April 8th, 1826, William Day, Jr. " April 25th, 1829. David C. Kimball, July 2, 1840. S-tetrs B^tp'eare, { ^^-^ »— ^«^- ^L I860. William K. Farrar, ( S. Willard Carleton, ^ Oct. 26, 1869. Albert L. Kimball, ( 68 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. PIEST PASTOEATE. The first pastor was Zechariah Symmes, son of Zech- ariah Symmes,* pastor of the first church, Charlestown, Mass. His mother (Sarah) was a rare woman, "in- dued by Christ with graces fit for a wilderness condi- tion, her courage exceeding her stature, with much cheerfulnesse did undergoe all the difficulties of these times and straites."t The father was a man of rare ability and of great physical endurance. " Mr. Symmes continued (at Woburn) in preaching and praying four or five hours. "J Mr. Symmes, of Bradford, born in Charlestown Jan. 9, 1637, was a man of large stature, a graduate of Harvard in 1657, the first scholar in his class. He was a man of learning, piety, beloved, re- spected. He came to Bradford as a preacher in 1667, having preached at Rehoboth (Pawtucket) from 1661 to 1666. He was ordained at Bradford, Dec. 27, 1682. He first married Susannah Graves, of Charlestown, 1666, two years after coming to Bradford. Second mar- riage with Mrs. Mehitable (Palmer) Dalton, 1683, who was born in Haverhill, Mass., widow of Hon. S. Dalton, of Hampton, N. H. Mr. Symmes died at Bradford, March 22, 1707. He was ,one of the Fellows of Har- vard College. It has already been stated that he preached in Bradford fourteen years before the organization of the church. Why the long delay we cannot tell. There was a desire to have the church organized as appears by action referred to elsewhere. In 1673, Jan. 6, a committee was chosen by the town " to treat with Mr. Sj^mmes about his calling to office : Shubal Walker, Rob- * Mr. Symmes, sen., with his family came over from England in 1634, in the same ship with Mrs. Ann Hutchinson. Her eccentricities showed themselves on the voyage. Mr. S. became afterwards one of her most active opposers. t Johnson. JFeltl., p. 474. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 6<) ert Haseltine, Mr. Wooster, Thomas Kimball, John Tenney, Richard Hall and Samuel Stickney, and to make a return of his answer to the town as speedily as can be." At the same time it was " voted and granted that ye committee above mentioned have power to in- state and confirm upon Mr. Symmes his new dwelling- house, and the ten acres of land that the house stands upon, if they see needful ; provided that Mr. Symmes release them of that engagement whereby we be engaged to return to him, if he go away before the ten years Ije expired after his coming hither, all what he liath dis- bursed about the house and laud." Again, on the first day of the year 1677, Mr. Samuel Worster, John Ten- ny, John Simmonds and Richard Hall were chosen a committee " to joyne with Rev. Mr. Zech. Symmes to advise what might be thought best for the further car- rying on of the affairs of this town, and to a prepara- tion for a settlement of all the ordinances of God in this place." From the few memorials which remain of that early pastorate we gather here and there a single item which easily suggests the full history of the heart and the home. On the 17th of August, 1681, the town placed on record these words : " Rev. Mr. Symmes did then desire of the inhabitants here met to grant him a convenient burying place for his own proper use. It was voted and granted, and ensign Samuel Haseltine and Richard Hall was then chosen a committee to state the place according to Mr. Symmes's desire." The place was chosen on the eastern side of the buiral lot, and there the pastor gave resting place to the wife of his youth, who had bravely encountered the perils and struggles of the wilderness home. The care of the children was one of the marked fea- tures of the first Pastorate. At a church meeting held in 1691, very near the close of the year, Mr. Sj-mmes preached on these words : " Feed my lambs." After the exposition he enforced his doctrine with call to special 70 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. action. He said : " if you do approve of the doctrine set fortli I desire that you express the same," and then pro- posed the following : " Brethren, if you consent that the adult children of this church be first brought under pro- bation by ye officer of this church to try their fitness for full communion, to see whether their questions and objections might not be answered, their fears removed, and their spirits encouraged to come out after full com- munion in all church ordinances they are capable of, or el^se they should not be accepted to claim baptism for their children ; I desire you would manifest by the usual sign." The action was taken according to the pastor's desire. It was the custom under his ministry to receive the children of members who joined by letter, to the special care of the church, and to commend members who went abroad with their children, to the fellowship and watch of God's people. The years pass silently. The .century is full. The years are already filling up another hundred years. The church has increased many fold. The burial lot is quite thickly peopled. The church stands in the yard where the weary rest from their labors, and where the Lord "giveth his beloved sleep." Mr. Symmes is growing feeble. The long service of thirty-two years has been faithfully performed. There is need of rest. The town, always helpful to the man of God, votes to call in a helper in the ministry. "Voted, June 28, 1705, that the town would call in some help to assist in the work of the ministry. Voted that ten pounds in money should be assessed on the town within the space of three months to be improved for the paying of a minister that may be called to as- sist in the work of the ministry. Capt. David Hasel- tine and Ensign John Tenney were made choice of to go abroad to inquire after some -person to assist in the work of the ministry, and upon good information to "in- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. >J1 vite some person." Mr. Hale was invited and preached for the people. At a meeting of the town in the next August " it was proposed to the town whether they did take such a liking to Mr. Hale as to employ him in the ministry a year. It was put to vote and passed in the affirmative." In 1706, May 1st, voted to continue Mr. Hale's ministry another year. That year in August a call was given to Mr. Hale to "take office." " Capt. David Haseltine and Cornet Richard Kimball were em- powered to go and treat with Mr. Hale if they can." Mr. Hale did not accept. Some disagreement appears between the town and Mr. Symmes in regard to salary in his last years. A vote passed to call a council, and " that David Haseltine, Richard Kimball discourse the council when come;" but the council did not meet. From the next record we learn that a call was given to Rev. Joseph Stevens. It appears that the aged pastor is too feeble to engage in the work. The people are anxious to retain Mr. Stevens. Some trouble arises be- tween the town and the pastor. It was proposed to build another house on the parsonage land. It was to be of liberal size. 1708, Feb. 13. " Voted to build a house on the par- sonage for a minister, forty-six feet long, twenty feet wide, fifteen feet stud." This vote was made conditional on the acceptance of the call to Mr. Stevens and on his consent to live in the parsonage. The church united with the town in the call, but Mr. Stevens declined. It is possible that he did not feel that he could be use- ful while there was an unsettled difficulty between the people and Mr. Symmes. The misunderstanding per- tained only to financial matters. But in the end an amicable settlement was made, and when, a little while afterward, they were called to give the last tokens of love to their patriarchal friend and Pastor, the troubled- feeling had melted away, and old and young united in the common and heartfelt grief. 72 MEMORIAt. HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Inscription on the tombstone of Rev. Zechariah Symmes : Conditnm Ilic Corpus Viri Veri Reverendi Zaohaii Symmes College Harvardini Quandam Sooii EvangeUi Ministri Nati Omnigena Eruditione Ornati Pietate Vitasque Sanctitate Maxime Conspicui Ecclsesise Cbristi Quas est Bradfordae Per XL annos Pastoris Vigilentisslmi fui Cummutavit Mortalem cum immortali Die XX[I Martii Anno Domini MDCCVII ^tatis Luci LXXI. SEOOro PASTOEATE. Rev. Thomas Symmes, son of the first pastor, who had heen settled for a few years in Boxford, was called to the pastorate soon after the death of the elder Symmes. Born Feb. 1, 1867. His father, grandfather and great grandfather were clergymen. He studied Latin with his father, and afterwards with Emerson, a celebrated teacher, of Charlestown ; graduated at Harvard, 16^8. Remained at Cambridge five years in special study ; set- tled at Boxford Dec. 30, 1702 ; installed at Bradford Dec. 1708; died Oct. 6, 1725. He was a "goodly per- son," having a healthy constitution, a vivid, comely countenance, a clear, good voice, a genteel deportment; agreeable, affable, his temper hot but under control. He was strong, intellectual, studious. In youth not well established in doctrine, but in maturity he was a strong Calvinist. His preaching was clear, scholarly, conscientious, pungent. He was animated in delivery, earnest, greatly rejoiced in preaching, charmed his hear- ers, and gave as the fruit of his study the constant and fresh exegesis of scripture. He read the Hebrew often at family prayers. He had a reiparkable gift in prayer. He often kept private days of fasting, when he sought and found the personal blessing of God. Then he would come before MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 73 his people radiant with the sunshine of heaven, using no canting tone in prayer, nor loud voice, -but with hu- mility and reverence and love, lifting his heart and his people up to God. In the preaching which followed he magnified his office, speaking with authority, and lifting up his voice like a trumpet, preached with all his might.* His people greatly delighted in him. His manner was cheerful, his conversation brisk, and his knowledge of men and things such that he easily engaged the affec- tion of all. He was a man of rare excellence. Increase Mather said of him, "I have known him from his youth. When at college, I observed real piety in him, and was then persuaded that the Lord would make him a bless- ing." His labor continued to the end ; he preached for the last time on the fourth sabbath of November, the 26th day of the month. I'eu days later 'he was pros- trate from continued hemorrhage. His people gathered about him ; a day of fasting and prayer was kept ; neighboring ministers came to pray for his recovery ; but his work was done. His last words were found among his papers, addressing his childreii, his servants, and his church in most tender farewell. His funeral sermon was preached by Rev. John Brown, pastor of the first church in Haverhill, and on Friday afternoon, Oct. 8, 1725, they gathered at the eastern side of the old cemetery, in full sight of the church which stood in the same yard, the people of his charge with many sorrowing pas- tors and friends from abroad, to pay their last tribute of tears to the memory of the faithful man of God. His tomb-stone bears this inscription : " Rev. Thomas Symmes died Oct. 6, 1725. aged 48. He was an eminent christian, very lowly in his life, and every way an accomplished minister, of great industry, fidelity, and concern for the generation after, saying, ' While I live I will seek their good, and when I die, write on my grave, Here lies one lu/io loved and soug/ft Hie good of the rising generation' " * Brown. 74 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. THE SEEVIOE OF SONG. The ministry of Thomas Symmes was marked by a reviv- al in music. The book which the Puritans and Pilgrims sang from till 1640, was "The Book of Psalms; Englished both in prose and metre." By Henry Ainsworth.* The first printing done in New England was the " Freeman's Oath " ; next " An Almanack," and then the Bay Psalm Book] for public worship. The Pilgrims of Plymouth brought over " Sternhold and Hopkins' version," which had a few tunes, printed in one part, the " cantus " or " treble." The Bay Psalm Book had no tunes, but the people sang "by rote and varied the melody." Mather says, " A little more art was found to be necessary," and Pres. Dunster and Richard Lyoii were appointed to make a revision of the Psalms. This edition was called the " New England Psalm Book, " but its title was the same of that known as the " Bay Psalm Book." It was only a new edition. The " Service of Song " degenerated. There was no instruction in music. The fathers in the churches re- membered the tunes as they learned them in childhood. As they sang the remembered melodies their children learned them. All • sang them with variations, so it hap- pened at last that no two churches could sing together the same tune. In 1714, the condition had become such that the ser- vice of song was an abomination. Rev. Thomas Symmes, in connection with Rev. John Tufts, of Newbury 2d church,^ and others, introduced singing by note and singing in parts. There was great opposition when the * Ainsworth was a Puritan, who died at Amsterdam, where he had founded a church about 1630. t The title is not " Bay Psalm Book," but " The whole Book of Psalms faithfully translated into English Metre." A copy is in the Public Li- brary in Boston. It is a rare book and a good copy sells for $2000. X Now 1st Church, West Newbury. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 75 people began to sing in parts. "Women fainted, men left the house. Some ministers opposed it as a work of Satan, and a profanation of the sabbath. Mr. Symmes published a discourse on the subject;* The title runs as follows : " The reasonableness of regular singing, or singing by note, in an essay to revive tlie trae and ancient mode of singing psalm tunes according to the pattern in our New England Psalm Books, th^ Icnowledge and prac- tice of which is greatly decayed in most congregations." The essay covers the following points: " Singing of Psalms is an ancient institution. Deut 31 : 19, 23." Josephns«ays, " the Jews spent whole nights in song." " The Saviour joined in it — Paul and Silas. " The total neglect of singing psalm.s by many serious christians for want of skill in singing Psalm tunes results in this, viz : It is with great difficulty that this part of worship is performed, and with great indecency in some congregations." " The irregular way of singing results in such variations that no two congregations sing alike the same tune " "Singing by note is the most ancient." " Why, I ask, were notes placed in our New England psalm books if it was not designed to sing by note?" " Singing by note is most rational." He then considers these questions, asking and answer- ing with wit and reason and not a little sarcasm. 1. " Is it objected that Papists so sing?" 2. " Is it not a shame for a man to plead custom in opposition to scrip- tute and reason?" 3. " If good people, -ivko are not used to it, are offended by it, is that reason for giving it up? 4 •' Is it an objection because so many adopt it?" 5. " Suppose some young people are too light and airy and profane, while learning the tunes, is that an objection?" 6. ''If you say you "have no comfort in hearingf or joining, is there not reason to fear you do not make melody in the heart ?" 7. " Do not the handmaids of the Lord need to be put forth in this duty?" J " Have they not the pleasantest voices generally speaking?" Mr. Symmes gathered a singing class at his house and * A copy is carefully-preserved in the Library of the Mass. His. Soo. t It was custom to put off the hat when a Psalm was sung, but some of the opposers were so offended by the new way that they stubbornly kept their hats on their heads. J It was a grief to many that women were asked to sing a leading part. 76 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. one evening he read to thein a " Jooo-Serious Dialogue," entitled '' Utile Dulci" in which he answered the pop- ular objections, Grave objections he answered "gravely," to the conscientious he gave a " soft answer." To the " untoward, answer with more smartness," " merry objec- tions will please take a merry answer." The dialogue runs thus: "How d'you, neighbor? Why so sad and uneasy"? and the neighbor replies. " I have seen a great deal of affliction in my time j sickness, crosses and disappointment, but never saw any- thing that made me so uneasy as this new way of singing." This leads to a proposal to discuss objections. The neighbor represents the Anti-Rule-Singers, and offers : " It is an unknown tongue and does not edify." Answer. "But this is a similitude without a likeness. Singing, ' Fa, sol, la,' withoiit the Psalm would be an unknown tongue." Obj. " It is not so melodious and pleasant ; some call the new way yelling. They would as leave hear the wolves' howl. Christ's voice is not in it". Answer. " Hottentots are best pleased with guts of beasts. Prefer them to chains of gold, because they are used to them. Few of you ever heard singing in parts. You do not know the difPerence between treble or bass. One of your A. R. Singers said that, ' At a certain meeting-house, some sang Rowley way, some usual way, some new way, some bass!" In our congregation I'ra . people live no longer in the primitive cabin. The two- storied house, standing with side to the road, with the lean-to roof, was the typical house of the period. An occasional house of this sort is still standing. The an- cient Peabody mansion standing opposite the High School in the village of Bradford is a fair representation. An- other kind of house became common during the last half of the century, having a porch or entryway, like the house on Bradford neck where the late Raymond Kimball lived. The style of life changes, rigors of the early settle- ment are known no longer, luxuries increase, imported goods, silver plate in place of the old-fashioned pewter platter, silks, laces, tea, coffee, foreign customs prevail, more courtly manners, more elaborate equipage. In 1730 the First Church of Bradford obtained new service for the sacrament. Whether by gift or purchase we know not, but the sacramental cups are now in possession — two silver cups with a handle on each side, with this incription : l^or the. use of the First Church in Brctdford, 1730. PIPTH PASTOEATE. Rev. Jonathan Allen was the fifth Pastor. Born in Braintree, 1749, graduated at Harvard, 1774, ordained at Bradford, June 5, 1781, died in Bradford, March 6, 1827. He studied theology with Rev. Ephraim Judson, of Taunton,* who was a Hopkinsian of decided type. He was brother of Rev. Adoniram Jndson, Pastor at Maiden, and father of the missionary to India. The council ordaining Mr. Allen was composed of the First and Second churches in Andover, Second church in * Rev. Ephraim Judsoa, born in Woodbury, Conn, Dec. 5, 1737, and baptized (according to custom) the next sabbath, graduated at Yale 1763, settled at Norwich, Conn., 1771, and in Taunton, Ma^., 1780. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. IO7 Boxford, Second church in Bradford, First and Second churches in Haverhill, and the church in Plaistow. Rev. Mr. Merrill opened with prayer, Rev. Mr. French preached from 1 Tim. v : 22, Mr. Symmes of Andover gave the charge, Mr. Shaw gave the right hand of fellowship, Mr. Adams offeied- the concluding prayer. There was a divided feeling in the church in regard to the call, but the whole matter was referred to the council and the result was a united and cordial reception of the Pastor by the whole people. Mr. Allen was a man of marked character. He is well remembered by persons now living. He is familiarly known as " Par- son Allen." He was in his earlier ministry less earnest and devout than in later years. His sermons indicate a marked gravity. He handled the word of God with great reverence, and preached the solemnities of the fu- ture life and the terrors of the law with rare fidelity. In 1785 he preached the ordination sermon, at the set- tlement of his class-mate Benjamin Thurston, in North Hampton, N. H. The text was from 1 Tim. iv : 6, And thou-shalt be a good minister of Jesus Christ. In this sermon* he describes the character of a gospel minister. A brief abstract will show Mr. Allen's idea of the work to which he gave his life : "I. The christian minister is a christian in the humble attireof a servant, "bearing the cross of his Master. High and elevated titles are not his, " the highest honor is to be a, servant of Jesus Christ. He will strive to " maintain a spirit of piety and an ardent zeal for the divine glory. He " will be exceedingly attentive to.himself, will ' keep his body under' and " 'bring it into subjection.' He will be animated for the glory of God, the " honor of religion, the worth of souls, and the importance of the charge " committed to him. " II. He must improve in knowledge. The work requires the best " ability of the best minds. It is not so easy an employment to preach the " gospel as to reduce it to the capacity of a novice. He should know the " original languages in which the scriptures were written. He should be " acquainted with science, the history of nations, and, most of all, he must " know by daily study the word of God. He must be ' mighty in the '•scriptures.' He must understand human nature. He must not be im- * The sermon was printed and a copy is in library of Bradford Academy. I08 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. " mersed in study so as to be excluded from the world, and overlooking hu- " man nature , preach only abstruse and metaphysical disquisitions instead " of gospel sermons. He must be prudent, must starve the censures of the " world by prudence, while he feeds the souls of men with the gospel "food. He must have firmness and iortitude. Ue must go forward under " the most declining state of religion; nothing should unhinge him from " his stability, he must not flinch through fear or favor, from duty. " III. His employ is chiefly to preach the gospel, using language sim- " pie, strong, nervous; his illustrations rational, pertinent, easy ; and must " never darken council tvit/i -words -without knoiuledge, so perplexing and " puzzling his hearers. He must set forth and impress a reverential awe " of the divine majesty, show the union of the Son with the Father, his " offices of mediation and atonement. Ue will not neglect the elapsed state " of man, the end of renovation, pardon, sanctification. Ue will-show the " duties of man and enforce them from motives of happiness and misery, " both in this life and in the future. He must preach by example as well " as by precept. He must advise, instruct, edify, and sympathise with " sorrow. Ue must I'eclaim sinners and bring them to-the awakened sense " of duty. In all he must be a man of prayer and of holy, devout life." It is said that Mr. Allen had the soberest view of the duties belonging to the christian miuistry, but his life was not so solemn as his sermons. , He was fond of fashion 'and festivity. He wore the short breeches and silver knee buckles and a cocked hat and powdered wig. He entered into the life of the people, the frolic and jest, and every social pastime. The social influences were strongly against religion. Bradford was very gay and festive. The young and old joined in frequent fes- tivity. John Hasseltine built his house and finished it with a dance hall. The second Story of that house, in the rear part, which is still standing, was devoted to amusement and dancing. It was not an uncommon thing for Parson Allen to call for his deacon to go and spend the evening at the dance hall.* " A revival of religion was a thing never heard of."t But in the midst of this frivolity the spirit of God came to the heart of the minister and people with great power. There were faith- ful men, and women especially, who were praying for God's special blessing. The prayer was answered. The * I had this from Miss Mary Hasseltine. t Miss Mary Tenney. 'U.<:) MEMORIAL HISTORY' OF BRADFORD. IO9 prea,ching was changed in its spirit ; the young people at the dance-hall were thoughtful in the midst of their frivolity. Among them one was a peculiar favorite — beautiful, thoughtless, rolicksorae, and always ready and foremost in frolic and amusement. She used to chase the youthful Rufus Anderson "about the Academy grounds with a stick."* She could always bribe the bell ringer at the Academy with a smile. This was Nancy Hasseltine. She grew thoughtful while the dance wient on. She left the gay throng, went out into the garden, walked under the fruit trees, while the thought came like a voice from heaven into her heart, " she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth." She sought for the advice of "Aunt Hall" who had counselled the gay girl till she had become discouraged. The special visit, which was for the sake of gaining religious coun- sel, was almost over before the seeking girl unburdened her heart and found the affectionate christian counsel she sought. John Hasseltine and his wife were worldly people. They did not believe in " experimental piety." John Hasseltine passed by a window of his house, looked in and saw his daughter on her knees ; she was in tears, filled with emotion which found expression in prayer. She was his model ; he often referred to her as proof of his favorite doctrine that the natural heart needed no divine help in order to the complete virtue. He said in his heart, " if my child, so sweet and inno- cent and fair must needs weep when she comes to God in prayer, what will become of me ? " He walked out on his farm ; the vision of that girl kneeling and in tears kept before him. He threw himself down under an oak tree and poured out his soul in an agony of prayer. The answer was immediate. His belief, his feeling, his spiritual perceptions were all changed as by a sudden inspiration. The peace of God in his heart was so pre- cious and so full that he rose from his knees shouting * I had this from Dr. Anderson. no MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. with strange joy, " glory to God ! "* The good work went on in the church. The young people in the Acad- emy were interested. The Principal, Rev. Abraham Burnham,! was himself quickened in his religious char- acter and became an active helper. " God gave divine energy to his word." More than thirty inquirers sought the Lord, among them Mary Wheelwright, J Harriet At- wood, Fanny Woodbury, John Hasseltine and his wife, and four daughters, Rebecca, Mary, Nancy and Abigail C, Moses Hall and wife, and Betsey Trask, and many others whose lives have been a blessing in the church and in the world. The results of that work of grace were wonderful. The renewed church, the transformed Pastor, the new Academy baptized with the Holy Ghost, social life lifted to the higher plane of felfowship with truth and with duly and with God. We think of the house, transformed from a dance-house, where the minis- ter and his deacon were a little time ago engaged in frivolity, now a place of prayer, that house ever after associated with nurture in piety and education and ben- evolence, and we think of that fellowship in all that makes up the culture of the human mind, the poetry, metaphysics and theology of ripest scholars; we think of the maiden life prepared by that revival to confront the great question of personal surrender, for the love of _ Christ, in a life of missionary toil. We think of the question decided and the determined action, in face of the argument of many friends, and even the protest from very many christians against the rashness of the under- taking. We think of that heroic spirit of Ann Judson and Harriet Newell who crossed the sea -and gave the world that rare example of self-sacrifice. The voyage • • The whole of this account was given to me by Miss Mary Hasseltine. t Rev. Abraham Biirnham was born at Dunbarton, N. H., Nov, 18, 1775, graduated Dartmouth 1804, Preceptor at Bradford 1805-1807, studied theology with Dr. Parish, of Byfitld, ordained at Pembroke, N. H. March 3, 1808, died 1853. J Afterwards Mrs. Dr. Codman of Dorchester. HARRIET NEWELL. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Ill on the brig Caravan, the first sight of the Hindoo cot- tages, the hostility of the East India Company*, the early death and lonely burial of that youthful missionary on the Isle of France. Two years at Rangoon, "remote," "unfriended," "reft of every stay but heaven," "the little grave in the garden," the troubled home at Ava, the red cloud of war, the death prison, the extortions, privations, the journey to Oung-pen-la, the daily expec- tation of death, the long years of engrossing agony and the recorded feeling of assurance in it all, " my prayers will be answered" — ^the work in intervals between the agonies for the women and girls, the few converts, the sudden death alone with her Bnrman women and the last cry of anguish in the Burman tongue, and the lonely grave under the Hopia tree, where pilgrims linger and weep. We have been tracing the ways of God, following one of the avenues along which the revival of 1806 has sent its power, we have come to the ends of the earth where this church has buried one of its chil- dren. Again, we think of that majestic, queenly woman, the impress of whose life is to-day on a thousand homes, who has sent her pupils into all landsi and has given to them the inspiration of a noble purpose, led them to a christian hope, and we behold how that work .of God reaches out into the wide .world, itself a most important factor in the problem of the world's uplifting and salva- tion. On the 5th of February, 1812, Parson Allen preached a sermon at Haverhill on the occasion of the em- barkation of the missionaries Ann Judson and Har- riet Newell. The text was from John ii : 52 — That also he should gather together in one the children of Crod, that were scattered abroad. In the sermon the preacher showed what God has done, what he is doing and what he has got to do to gather his scattered people. He tenderly addressed the missionaries as " my dear chil- dren," and gave his parting farewell and benediction. 112 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. The service was closed -with singing by the great con- gregation of the hymn written by the preacher for this occasion : Go, ye heralds of salvation ; Go, and preach in heathen lands; Publish loud to every nation, What the Lord of life commands. Go, ye sisters, their companions, Soothe their cares, and wipe their tears, Angels shall in bright battalions Guide your steps and g^ard yonr fears. Ck), ye pilgrims, heirs of glory, Show to Pagans Christ your King; While the gospel is your story, Earth shall with hosannas ring. Go, and let your whole behaviour. Show your love to Chbibt your Loed, Let the heathen know their Saviour, Teach them to obey his word. Led by him who in a manger, Once a feeble infant lay; In rough climates, free from danger. You shall plow your, briny way. Speed your course across the ocean. Till you reach the Barman throne, Tell those nations their devotion Must be paid to Christ alone. Landed safe in distant regions. Tell the Burmans Jksus died; Tell them Satan and his legions, Bow to him they crucified. Far beyond the mighty Ganges, When vast floods between us roll, Think how wisely Jesus ranges Nations wide from pole to pole. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. II3 While with heathen nations blended, Light and peace within shall rise; When your days on earth are ended, Christ receive you to the skies. To his grace we now resign you, To him only you belong; You with every christian Hindoo, Join at last th' angelic throng. Parson Allen preached a sermon on the sudden death of Eliphalet Kimball, October, 1785, 2 Sam., xiii. : 39. The first sentence is this : " King David, although a good man, was very fond of his children." The divi- sions are, I. Death is the lot of human beings and it may be very sudden. II. After death their case is unalterable. III. Sorrow on their account will not avail anything either to them or ourselves. IV. Grief to an immoderate degree should not be in- dulged. The sermon has on its cover a row of hour-glasses and underneath an equal number of skulls and cross- bones. Gn the title page is a very large skull, and the doctrine in the application is solemn, awful, somewhat sepulchral; but it is truth, the sovereignty of God, the present offer of grace, and the need of accepting it. Mr. Allen's sermons were marked by severity in the depiction of the guilt of sin and doom of the sinner. His sermon on 2 Peter, iii. : 8, is an example. His theme is the unchangeableness of God. First "to the child of God ; a comfort ; a lasting blessing ; an eternal joy." " Happy the man under the care of an eternal friend." But 'let the wicked fear and tremble.' "Be " sensible of this, oh sinner, that you are not more deter- " mined to sin than God to punish you. That same aver- " sion to sin which he now feels he will always retain." In his 807th sermon on the " blessed hope" he dis- 114 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. courses on the immortal joy of heaven. It is a favorite theme. He gives wings to his imagination, presents the heavenly world with its all beauty and grandeur and never-fading glory. It happened in 1801 there was a special interest awakened in the subject of baptism. Some members of the church were dissatisfied with the Pastor's pre- sentation of it. They concluded to ■vyithdraw from the church and unite with the church in Haverhill. They addressed a paper to the Pastor " with a number of ob- servations respecting his preaching, very illiberal, erro- neous, and unfounded." On the next lecture day the Pastor delivered a treatise on Baptism,* very elaborate and scholarly. It was printed at Concord. Forty-four pages of it only remain in the copy preserved. The covenant relation of the children of the church has rarely been set forth with greater power. Mr. Allen was a poet. He published a " Poem on the Existence of God," " An Ode on Creation," and an "Eulogy on General Washington," with "Several Hymns." The longer poems are somewhat like his ear- lier preaching, dignified, a sprinkling of classic allusions, the affectation of learning, the voice of piety but with little heart, products of great care and labor, but lack- ing fervor and soul and life. The truer poesy of his nature appeared in later years, in the hymns which were inspired with the new life that came to him when the gospel of God became a new power, in those days when the heart of the Pastor thrilled with that love so tender and strong, and that fellowship so sweet with the present Lord, which rejoiced in the utterance of the Di- vine message of grace to dying men. After one of those sermons, when the whole congregation was melted and in tears, they sang for the first time that sweet hymn which has been adopted by christians aU the * A treatise on Baptism, vindicating the mode of sprinkling, and the rights of Infants, by Jonathan Allen, A. M. Printed at Concord, 1801. MEMORIAL. HISTORY OF BRADFORD. II5 world over as one of the precious songs of the church. It has given Mr. Allen fame in two continents. It was born in the revival of 1806. It is printed in the hymn books of churches of every kind. The first version of the hymn is as follows : Sinners, will you scorn the message, Sent in mercy from above ! Every sentence — 0, how' tender 1 Every line is full of love. Listen to it. Every line is full of love. Hear the heralds of the gospel. News from Zion's King proclaim, To each rebel sinner — pardon, Free forgiveness in his name. How important I Free forgiveness in his name. Tempted souls, they bring you succour, Fearful hearts, they quell your fears; And with news of consolation, Chase away the falling tears, Tender heralds, Chase away the falling tears. , False professors, grovelling worldlings. Callous hearers of the word, While the messengers address you, , Take the warnings they afford. We entreat you. Take the warnings they afford. Who hath our report believed? Who received the joyful word ? Who embraced the news of pardon, Offered to you by the Lord ! Can you slight it? Offered to you by the Lord I Il6 MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. ye angels hovering round us, Waiting spirits speed your way, Hasten to the court of heaven, Tidings bear without delay. Rebel sinners Glad the message will obey. In the last years, growing feeble in body, Mr. Allen joined with the church in seeking a colleague. He pre- sided at the services of installation, gave his blessing to the young man who was to be his helper, and from that time his public ministries ceased in the church. His death occurred tbree years after the settlement of the junior Pastor, but there is no word in the records respecting it, and the last days of this godly minister of Christ have passed from the memory of man. THE NEW EEA lU BENEVOLENT WOEK. The Pastorate of Mr. Allen covered the period when the church began to take a more intelligent, practical and personal interest in every kind of missionary labor. The early years of the nineteenth century were marked by the growth in the churches of a broader charity. " The missionary spirit was rising," young men in the colleges were moved as by a new inspiration. Mills, Hall, Richards, Nott, and others are considering in prayer the duty of young men to a dying world. Griffin, Wor- cester, Morse, Dana, Spring and many others among the clergy, with Bartlett, Walley, Huntington, Chapin and Treadwell among the laity, are in correspondence and consultation in regard to the need of an onward move- ment of the churches of God for the conversion of the world. On the 26th day of June, 1810, Dr. Spring of Newburyport and Rev. Samuel Worcester of Salem rode together in a chaise from Andover to Bradford, and on that fair June morning the plan was matured for the MEMORIAL. HISTORY OF BRADFORD. II7 formation of the American Board. The General Asso- ciation met at Bradford that day. Adoniram Judson, Samuel Newell, Samuel Nott and Gordon Hall, were present, and on Thursday, June 28th, they laid on the sacramental table before that body, in the church which stood on the common, their proposal to give their lives to work among the heathen. The fact that the Gener- al Association met at Bradford- that year has no special significance. But the work of missions had already in- terested Pastor and people. Missionary enthusiasm was here already. Parson Allen had been familiar with the Judsons ; he studied theology with an uncle of Adoni- ram Judson. It is said that he introduced the mis- sionary to Nancy Haseltine. It is said that the meetings for prayer in the old Academy building, at the very time when Mills and his companions met by the " hay- stack " in Williamstown, were marked by a manifest de- sire to know the will of God more perfectly in regard to personal duty in bringing the world to Christ. It is certainly a suggestive providence that when the plans had been laid for the great work and the yc^ing men were ready to go forth to foreign lands, the two young women who sailed in the "Caravan" — Ann .Tudson and Harriet Newell — were young converts in the revival of 1806, and they had their training in Bradford Academy and under the faithful ministry of Parson AUen. Char- acter which shapes events and is ready for grand op- portunities, is not an accident, it is a result of nurture and care. Other organizations began in the early years of this century. The church in Bradford welcomed them all. The spirit of the people may be illustrated by allusion to the history of one effort which had its origin here. The Philendian Society was formed April 2, 1813. Its object was "to support female teachers" in places where they might be useful in the moral and intellect- ual training of neglected children. The society was of Il8 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. special interest and care to Mr. Allen, the Pastor in Bradford. The membership included the most influen- tial women of Bradford and extended to Haverhill and Newburyport. Schools were established in Haverhill, in Byfield, on the Isles of Shoals and in Wenham. The results were very gratifying. The blessing of God ac- companied the work and the conversion of many souls followed. Other societies for benevolent work came into being, and as they covered this field, this particular organization ceased after five years of faithful work. It was among the early beginnings of mission effort at home, and was itself a fruit of the reviving of God's work among his people. The names of many cherished women of Bradford appear in these records. The Ilas- eltines, Mary and Abigail C. were teachers at Byfield. The amount raised for the object was nearly one thou- sand dollars. But the contribution of labor was consid- erably more. The best part of the work was the free- will offering of time and ability by the members who devoted themselves to the good of the needy in the name of •God. The interest in missions continued. The generation of christian women which followed excelled in those rare traits which belong to the best type of woman- hood. It was the custom of these women to follow every month in most careful study aU the missionary enterprises of the time. They mapped out the fields of labor, gathered materials for discussion at great pains, compiled their incidents and their thoughts and opinions into labored essays, and for years these semi-monthly dis- cussions were the marked feature of the social life of Bradford. The memory of those women is precious in the history of the town. The children love to remem- ber their names. Hasseltine, Tenney, Greenleaf, Kim- ball, Carleton, Munroe, Ordway, Johnson, Emerson, Pike, Hall, Trask, Payson, Peabody, Gage, Morse, Spofford, Chadwick, and a still larger number we can- BRADFORD ACADEMY. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. II9 not name, whose intelligent virtues gave character to all social life while they lived. BRADFOED AOADEMT. Neither the history of the church or town would be complete without some notice of the institution which has been a pioneer in the cause of education and which has maintained its life and enlarged its sphere of labor and sent forth its thousands of pupils into all lands. In the early part of 1803 the people began to feel the need of better advantages for education. The town had al- ways given attention to this subject. As early as 1710 the faithful clerk placed this record in fair hand on the town book: " The Town did Impoure the Selectmen to Imply Wemen to teach letel " cTiildren to read." Nearly a century later this record was made : " At a'meeting of a number of the Inhabitants of the First Parish in " Bradford, March 7, 1803, It was mutually agreed upon that a Building " should be erected for an Academy and the following persons became sub- " scribers to defray the Charges of building said House" The signatures include the large majority of the names of the families in the parish. In three months the build- ing was completed and the school was opened by Mr. Samuel Walker, Principal, and Miss Hannah Swan, Pre- ceptress. The school was incorporated in 1804. Fol- lowing Mr. Walker the Preceptors were as follows: Samuel Green, 1803-4; Rev. Dr. James Flint, 1805; Rev. Abraham Burnham, D. D., 1805-7; a man whose influence in the revival of 1806 was very great and pre- cious, and whose life afterwards in the ministry was abundantly successful. Isaac Morrill, 1807 ; Samuel Pea- body, 1808 ; Rev. Daniel Hardy, 1808-10 ; Rev. Luther Bailey, 1811 ; Hon. Samuel Adams, 1811 ; Richard Kim- ball, 1811-12 ; Rev. E. P. Sperry, 1812 ; Hon. Nathaniel I20 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Dike, 1812-14; Daniel Noyes, 1814; Benjamin Green- leaf, 1814-36, who was the last Preceptor. The school from that date was established as an institution for the education of young ladies. Up to this time it had been a mixed school. The early fame of Bradford Academ.y is due very largely to Benjamin Greepleaf, a man of versatile talent, an enthusiast in teaching, a mathematician and author of world-wide fame, a christian of simple and unques- tioning faith and rigid virtue, a man of kindly sensibil- ities, generous, unsuspecting, unalterable in friendship, a citizen pure, unselfish, upright, and a teacher devoted, affectionate and unwearied in labor. He lived to a good old age, and died greatly lamented. His pupils fill honorable positions, and are scattered far and wide, and his books which he wrote during the busy years of his life in Bradford are in use by a great number of schools far and near. October 29, 1864, he passed from the labor of earth to the reward of heaven. The name of Abigail C. Hasseltine was already fa- miliar in the school. She had been preceptress from 1815. When Mr. Greenleaf resigned, she became Prin- cipal, and continued in that office till her death, being relieved in the later years of life of the active duties. A rare woman, in person tall, slender, in presence com- manding and queenly, as a teacher, faithful, earnest, in- spiring. She formed character, taught her pupils to live for a high purpose, -made them to feel the nobility of christian womanhood, and created in their minds the strong desire to live for the highest end — the glory of God. She had the largest views of education. She fitted life for all duties, suited her counsel to all minds. When she spoke of the subject of duty she was often stern and severe, but she mingled with the rigidity and severity words which expressed the exceeding joy to be found in doing well. She belonged to the number of them "that turn manny to righteousness." By her JS>t,i..4^i^^;,^^: j%- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 121 devotion .and fidelity she earned the reputation which extended to all lands. Her pupils, scattered over all the world, often speak of the loving sympatliies of her heart — of the inspiration of her presence — of the wonderful devotion to her life-long work — of her noble christian zeal. It is not the purpose of this sketch to trace the lives of all those who have given shape to the institution which is the pride of the town. The list of teachers includes names of persons of rare excellence. When after long service Miss Hasseltine resigned the more ac- tive duties, it was not an easy task to fill her place. The principal had wrought herself into the work and, when she withdrew, it was like the removal of the school's life. Short terms of service followed in the principal's chair. The school did not regain its full life and prosperit}" till it was given into the charge of a young lady, born in Bradford, a namesake of the former principal. Miss Abby Hasseltine Johnson. The new teacher had many qualities of mind and heart which had made her predecessor so distinguished in her work. For several years enjoying the counsels of Miss Hassel- tine, and always working in harmony with her, Miss . Johnson not only made the success of the past sure, but she carried the school forward into new and en- larged fields of usefulness. The work, so long under the direction of one " developing, energizing, executive mind," seemed still to be pervaded with the same spirit and thrilled with the same noble purpose. Rare wisdom has been shown in the choice of the Board of Trustees. The list of Presidents is as fol- lows : Rev. Jonathan Allen, A. M., 1803-27, who gave to the institution the best wisdom of his riper years ; Rev. Isaac Braman, 1827—43 ; Hon. Jesse Kimball, 1844 ; Hon. Samuel H. Walley, 1845-49 ; Benjamin Greenleaf, A. M., from 1850, till the second era in the life of the institution when its course of study was enlarged and 122 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. broadened and the plan was formed to rear the present academy buildings and furnish the school with every- thing needful to meet the iniireasing demands for the higher education of woman, the Presidency was as- sumed by Rev. Rufus Anderson, D. D., late Secretary of the Am. Board of For. Missions. Associated with him were such men as Samuel D. Warren, Ezra Farns- worth, Rev. Nathan Munroe, Hon. J. A. Palmer, Hon. E. S. Tobey, Hon. George Cogswell, Hon. William A. Russell, James R. Nichols, M. D., Frederic Jones, Na- than Durfee, M. D., Rev. R. H. Seeley, D. D., Rev. J. H. Means, D. D., who were led by the venerable Presi- dent to devise large things for the Academy. In its early life the institution had received the free will offer- ings of Lieutenant Edward Kimball and Jonathan Chad- wick, Esq., and others, and these gifts secured pros- perity. The new prominence given to the widening sphere of woman's work suggested something more as needful for the future than had been gained in the noble history of the past. Generous contributions were made, and the present spacious edifice which overlooks the val- ley of the Merrimack was built and furnished with li- brary and cabinet and laboratory, and under the care of Miss Abby H. Johnson, the school attained a prosperity , which was, at least, equal to the best success of past years. After the new building had been erected and the success of the school had been assured by a few years of prosperous life. Dr. Anderson resigned the of- fice of President and was followed by Rev. James H. Means, D. D., who has contributed largely to the pros- perity of the institution. Of the present condition of the Academy, its popu- lar and highly esteemed Principal, Miss Annie E. John- son, the plans for further enlargement, under the care of the wise and devoted President, Hon. George Cogs- well, it is not my design to speak at length. It may be sufficient to say that the generous men who have MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 123 done so much hitherto, still devise liberal things. The foundations are now ready to be laid for the enlarged accommodations. The school is to be completely fur- nished with everything needful. The success of the past is to be. rivalled by the future. One of the glories of Bradford is still to be its Academy. The spacious Halls, the increasing Library, the Rooms of Natural Science, the Studio of Art, the Conservatory of Music, the Astronomical Observatory, the lecture rooms for Literature and Language and Philosophy are the pres- ent possession which this generation may use for the culture and refinement of the daughters of the land, and which it is our sacred duty to guard and maintain and enlarge . and so transmit to them that come after us. THE PIEST COLLEAGUE PASTOEATE. The later years of Parson Allen's ministry have left little record. His time of service was long, extending through nearly half a century. He was no longer young ; he had reached nearly four score years. His duties had been arduous. The church called to his aid a young man to be colleague Pastor. Mr. Allen presided at the meetings, gave counsel -to the church and guided by his rare wisdom Pastor and people for three years longer, and then entered into rest. Rev. Ira Ingraham, then late Pastor of the church in Orwell, Vermont, was called to be colleague Pastor. He was born at Cornwall, Ver- mont, 1796, graduated at Middlebury 1815, installed at Bradford, Dec. 1, 1824, as colleague Pastor with Rev. Jonathan Allen, dismissed April 5; 1830. The council which installed Mr. Ingraham met on the 1st day of Dec, 1824, and the following Pastors were present: Rev. Joshua Dodge, Haverhill, Rev. Peter Eaton, D. D., 2d church Boxford, Rev. Jacob W. Eastman, Methuen, Rev. Isaac Braman; 2d church, Rowley (now George- 124 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. town), Rev. Gardner B. Perry, 2d church, Bradford (now Groveland), Rev. Isaac Tompkins, 3d church, Ha- verhill, Rev. Justin Edwards, South Parish, Andover, Rev. Elijah Demond, 2d church West Newhury, Rev. Alonzo Phillips, Presb. church, Princeton, Rev. Jona- than Allen, Pastor 1st church, Bradford, Rev. Isaac Jones, Bradford. It was a gala day for the town. The council met at the old Academy. The people gathered in great num- bers. After the morning session the council, with Par- son Allen leading, moved in procession with the people to. the church in the common. They were escorted by the Bradford Brass Band. Our venerable Deacon Wil- liam Day, then in opening manhood, was a member and played the leading instrument in the bass. The town had not witnessed the induction of a minister of the gospel for forty-three years and more, and some one pro- posed to set up a booth in the park and sell drink. But this was not approved by the churcn. If these occa- sions come so seldom the people could afford to be gen- erous. Arrangements were made with Mr. Eliphalet KimbaU to spread tables with choice liquors, and every- body was free to drink and the church paid the bill. Rev. Mr. Edwards preached the sermon, Dr. Eaton offered the consecrating prayer, Parson AUen gave the charge, Rev. Mr. Phillips gave the right hand of fel- lowship. Rev. Mr. Dodge offered the concluding prayer. The agreement with Mr. Ingraham was very carefully drawn. The following paper represents the contract in part: " I hereby certify and declare that in my settlement as minister of the " first or west parish in Bradford, it was agreed and understood between " the parish and myself that the parish should have and keep passession " and enjoyment of all the parsonage lands, or other real estate of said par- "ish, orof the minister and parish, or however else the same had been " held and used before that time ; and to have and keep possession of ail " the income and improvement thereof, to their own use, without any in- " terference by me. They gave me a certain sum of money only for com- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I25 "pensation, reserving to the parish the whole income and use of the said '* Parsonage or real estate, and leaving said Parsonage to be exclusively " under the control of said Parish." The salary, as expressed in the call, was five hundred dollars. The property referred to in the above unique paper, was the land which was obtained at the settlement of the first Pastor, partly by the covenant with the Rowley Plantation and the colony, partly by town pur- chase, and partly by personal gifts. At the retirement of the elder Symmes from the active duties of the Pas- torate an equitable arrangement was made whereby this property reverted to the town, and ultimately it was vested in a ministerial fund and given to the charge of permanent trustees. The land was in different, parcels, one lot being at present owned by Orestes West, and lying south of the road leading past the old home of Lieutenant Kimball and Jonathan Chadwick ; another parcel included the parsonage and farm opposite the old Cemetery ; there was also the marsh meadow. The fund has been carefully guarded and has been increased by donations. The act of incorporation of this Board of Trust is dated Feb. 10, 1804. It has reference first to a generous gift. The preamble is as follows : " Whereas Jonathan Chadwick of Bradford, in the County of Essex, " hath given a state note of eleven hundred and twenty-five dollars, prin- " cipal and interest, the interest of which is to be applied towards the sup- " port of a congregational minister in said society forever hereafter. Be " it enacted, &o." To this Chadwick fund was added the Parsonage property including what was realized from the sale of wood and timber and land. The first payment from this fund was made to Rev. Jonathan Allen, Jan. 25, 1813, one hundred dollars. This is distinct from the Albert L. Kimball fund which was given by the person whose name it bears, Jan. 20, 1880, one thousand dollars. The kindly feeling shown by the above gift in 1804 was re- peated in another and graceful donation about the same time, by the same donor, two silver tankards and six 126 MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. silver goblets for use at the sacramental table, the same which are now in use. Other pieces have been added. A silver pitcher bears this inscription: " From Mrs. Thos. D. Bradlee, a testimony of respect for the church " of her native place." This last was received during the ministry of Mr. Munroe. For a time the new pastorate ran smoothly. Three years passed and all was well. On the sixth day of March, in the third year of Mr. Ingraham's ministry, the aged man of God, the senior Pastor, fell asleep and in his sleep he entered into rest, and it was spoken in an undertone along the street, Parson Allen is dead. That very year a precious revival had brought the church very near heaven. Many were added to the membership. It seemed as though the faithful Pastor, now nearly four score years old, had lead his flock up to the very gates of heaven, and passed over the threshold and into the glory beyond, leaving the flock with the young shep- herd. Troubles began. Mr. Ingraham was the apostle of the temperance reform. His people would not follow his bold leadership. This great reform had been in progress for years. But the work was not positive, there was no decisive action. The " Massachusetts Society for the Suppression of Intemperance," was formed in 1813. The best men in the commonwealth were engaged in it. Dr. Worcester, Dr. Jedediah Morse, Rev. Abiel Abbott, and Benjamin Wadsworth, Dr. Reuben D. Massey, Wil- liam Thurston, Dr. Joseph Torrey, and others not less distinguished. The second article of the constitution runs thus: , " To discountenance and suppress the toa free use of ardent spirits and " its kindred vices, profaneness and gaming, and to encourage and pro- " mote temperance and general morality." From which it appears that the first work in temper- ance reform was not on the basis of total abstinence. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 127 They pledged to abstain from the excessive use. Men slowly came to the apprehension of the fact that the use of intoxicating spirits, as a beverage, is evil and always evil and only evil. It is said that Parson Allen was foremost in the par- tial reform movement. A society was organized in Brad- ford. One day Mr. Allen and his good friend Deacon Griffin went to the upper part of the town in the in- terest of this society, and specially to visit Mr. Uriah Gage, one of the influential men of the town. Mr. Al- len opened the matter : " You know, friend Gage, that many men drink too much, make bad use of rum, waste property, trouble their families and injure their influ- ence, and we have formed a society and signed a pledge to abstain from this excessive use." Mr. Gage was a genial, hospitable man, and went to his cupboard and brought out the decanter and loaf sugar and the toddy- stick and invited the minister and deacon to " take something." Parson Allen looked at Deacon Griffin and Deacon Griffin looked at the Parson, and Mr. Allen said, "I believe, Deacon, we have a clause in our con- stitution which allows us to drink on extra occasions." " Yes," said the Deacon, " and this is a very cold day." " And," said the Parson, " it is very clear that this is an extra occasion." Nothing more was said of temper- ance that day. In 1827 the leaders had come to apprehend the need of more decisive action. The American Temperance So- ciety had been formed on the basis of abstinence from strong drink. Hewitt was preaching zealously on the subject in Connecticut and that year came over the bor- der to do good service in the old commonwealth. Ed- wards was sounding the trumpet in Andover, Dr. Muzzy led the whole Medical Society into line against rum. Beecher came up to the work — a mighty man of valor, and it was reported by the Massachusetts Society, " It is becoming unfashionable to drink ardent spirits in de- 128 MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. cent company, and it is no longer considered a mark of hospitality to offer them." The opposition was intense, spirits were sold by mem- bers of the church. They had the place of honor on the aristocratic sideboard and on the humbler pantry shelf. The country store furnished rum with the bun- dles of dry goods and groceries. The old account books tell a tale of drink; workmen on the farm were fur- nished free, in winter because it was cold, in summer because it was hot. The shops were places of frequent indecent carousal. The glass of sling was a part of social etiquette at the afternoon tea party. The taki"g of wine was a part of every marriage festivity and of every funeral solemnity. It was furnished in liberal quantities at the birth of a child, at the call of a min- ister in his pastoral visitation, at the raising of a build- ing, at the dedication of a church, and at the ordina- tion of a minister. Mr. Ingraham was undaunted. The Bradford pulpit gave no uncertain sound. He stood in the forefront with Edwards and Beecher and Muzzy and Hewitt. And yet his utterance would not be considered very strong now-a-days. He preached one sermon in Bradfprd which gave great offence. The substance of that sermon is given because' it shows the position which was taken, and that the 'trouble was not with the doctrine, but with the times. The text was from Prov. xxiii : 29, Who hath woe ? Who hath sorrow? Who hath conten- tions P Who hath babbling? Who hath wounds without cause ? Who hath redness of eyes ? " I. Let us take a mental ■walk along this river of death. The use of " intoxicating drink in this country was extremely limited until the Rev- " blution. During that struggle our allies the French, brought with them " to this land of Pilgrims, Puritans and Uugaenots, infidelity and brandy. "By the former many minds were poisoned; by the latter came 'woe,' " ' sorrows,' ' contentions,' ' babblings,' ' wounds without cause,' and 'red- " nes» of eyes.' The use increased with great rapidity. The impression "became almost or quite universal that severe cold or heat or wet could " not be safely endured without this artificial stimulant. The more com- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD, 1 29 " mon liquors were found in every habitation, field, shop, factory, store, " counting room, office. It was furnished to every fvorkman and provided " for every guest. In 1826 probably ninety-nine hundredths of all the '' adult population made some use of liquor. During this year some of the " choicest spirits in the nation waked up to the peril. They were persons "of greatest weight of character in church and state. While these friends " of God and man were inquiring, seeking to know what should be, what " could be done to roll back the tide of death, there appeared a ray of " heavenly light. It is the great' principle of entire abstinence" "II. The principles to be established, (a) Entire abstinence is ^6 " only principle sound in theory or safe in practice, (b) More than three- " fourths the taxes and expense for support of the poor and punishing " crime comes directly as the natural, the necessary result of the use of " intoxicating liquor. " (c) // 25 thus settled that the entire business of making', selling; fur- " nishinff and using such drinks as a beverage is an immorality. The " ■whole is an immoral business. " {d) It is settled that all legislation that sanctions in any condition the " sale of intoxicating liquor to be drunk as a beverage is morally wrong, " an evil and «nly evil, deeply mischievous to all the interests of any " community. " (e) Strong di'ink produces that exciting, reckless, maddening influ- " ence under which a very large proportion of all the brutal, hideous, vio- " lent crime is committed. Strong drink is raging. " III. Application. What can be done to save our population from " the -woe and sorrows and contentions and babblings and wounds tuithout " cause and redness of eyes ? God has solemnly declared that the drunk- " ard shall not inherit his kingdom. But there is not one only, but many "drunkards in our community. Not one but many in imminent danger " of becoming such. Every one who drinks to inebriation is a drunkard. " What mean those hellish yells, those horrid oaths, those heaven-defying " blasphemies, that break the stillness of the night, and disturb the mid- " night slumbers? What mean those dreadful acts which are an outrage " upon all that is human, which set at defiance the law both of God and "man? No need of more effort ? What mean the woes and sorrows and '• contentions and babblings and wounds without cause and redness of "eyes? There is need, pressing need, of an advance movement for saving " men from the appetite, the character, the doom of the drunkard." The preaching was regarded as arrogant, and men who were not in sympathy were defiant. The whole town was in fever heat, blood was hot, reason and candor and charity were forgotten. A low class of men and boys, taking advantage of the popular feeling, and pos- sibly urged on by the rumsellers, paraded the streets with an image dressed in new black broadcloth, repre- 130 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. senting the Pastor of this church. They bore it on a rail, a pail of water plainly in front, and a rum bottle half concealed under the arm. The image was sent out in a boat on the river and burned before the rude gaze of vile men. While no respectable person approved this deed it was not openly condemned. Many persons opposed the Pastor; a goodly number clung to him. There were special meetings in the old Academy, when tears fell and tender words were spoken. Strong friend- ships grew up in those sad days which continue in the memory of some now living. The Pastor saw his way clearly, and he acted then as always from sense of duty — he resigned. On the fifth day of April, 1820, the council met and the pastor was dismissed. These words were placed on the records of the church as the sentiment of the churches represented in council. "We consider our Reverend Brother Ingraham an orthodox, able, and " faithful minister of Christ, whose labors have been signally owned and Another record stands on the same book as the action of the church. " Whereas it has pleased the great Head of the Church to dissolve the " connection," &c. " Resolved, that we have ever regarded him as a " faithful Ambassador for Christ, * * * our confidence in him remains " unimpaired." "Resolved, That his unwearied efforts to promote the spirituality of this "church • * * demand our most thankful acknowledgments." It is evident that a reaction took place after the sep- aration was completed. A young man of prominence in the parish gave voice to a general sentiment when he sought opportunity to make confession to his pastor in these words, "I cast my vote against you for telling me the truth." Mr. Ingraham went from Bradford to the beautiful village of Brandon on the western slope of the Green Mountains of Vermont, and he was emi- nently useful in his labors. His name is very precious among that people. The elders in Israel speak of his MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I3I zeal, his clear, pungent presentation of the truth of God, his unwearied efforts to bring men to personal ac- quaintance with the Lord Jesus. SEVENTH AND EIGHTH PASTORATES. The church placed on record its appreciative estimate of its pastor, Rev. Mr. Ingraham, on the same day of the meeting of the dismissing council, and on the 30th day of the next June united in giving a call to the Rev. L. Ives Hoadley, and he was settled Oct. 13, 1880. The churches represented in the installing council were as follows: Church in Theological Seminary, Rev. Ralph Emerson, D. D. ; 2d Church, Rowley (now George- town), Rev. Isaac Braman; Byfield, Rev. Isaac R. Bar- bour; 2d Church, Ipswich, Rev. D. T. Kimball ; 2d Church, Haverhill, Rev. Joseph Coffin; 3d Church, An- dover. Rev. Samuel C. Jackson; 2d Church, Bradford. The services were in the following order; Introductory Prayer, Rev. Spencer F. Beard; Sermon, Rev. Ralph Emerson, D. D. ; Consecrating Prayer, Rev. Abijah Cross ; Charge, Rev. Isaac Braman ; Right Hand of Fel- lowship, Rev. S. C. Jackson, D. D. ; Concluding Prayer, Rev. I. R. Barbour. Mr. Hoadley was born Oct. 25, 1790; graduated at Yale, 1817; studied Theology at Andover, Mass; gave the valedictory of his class at graduation; was invited to remain a Resident Licentiate on the Abbot Founda- tion; assisted Dr. Wisner, of the Old South Church, Boston, part of the year 1820-1; was ordained pastor '. of the Calvanistic (now Center) Church, in Worcester, Mass, Oct. 15, 1823. The ministry of this Pastor in Bradford w,a,s pleasant to minister and people. He was a peace-maker. The blessing of God attended his labor. Additions were made to the church. The revival scenes of those years 132 MEMORIAL HISTOfeY OF BRADFORD. are among the pleasant memories of many persons now living. Mr. Hoadly was a rare scholar. After his dis- mission, on account of infirm health, he engaged in va- rious editorial labors ; edited the last volume" of " The Spirit of the Pilgrims;" labored five years with Rev. Dr. Jenks in editing " The Comprehensive Commentary" his department in the work being the condensation of Henry, the abridgment and adjustment of Scott with Henry; and, in the later part of each volume, the col- lection and making up of many of the notes from a wide range of other authors. He was dismissed from the church in Bradford by the same council which installed his successor, Jan. 30, 1833. During the ministry of Rev. Moses C. Searle, the subject of church accommodations engaged the attention of the people. The church had worshipped in the meet- ing house on the common for more than eighty years. It was built- about 1751. The house had "become de- cayed," and was " less commodious and capacious than was desirable," and it was voted. "that it be taken down" Nov., 1833. The old meeting house with its hinged seats, the sounding board, the square pew with balustered rail, the separate seats for the deacons and the elders, the aisles crossing at right angles in front of the pulpit, the three porches around which the people of more than two generations had gathered and through which they had passed in glad solemnity to the worship of God — the old meetinghouse, richer than any that had preceded it in associations, and precious in memory for what it has been — must give place to £he new white church with spire and belfry, and narrow pew and cush- ioned seat and polished pulpit of mahogany wood. Mr. Searle did not see the completion. Physicians urged his removal to a warmer clime and he resigned the ' pastor- ate. The church assented and he was dismissed by a council which met in Marchj 1834, but by fault of the scribe no record was left, and hence the date of the dismission is uncertain. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I33 The *new church was "dedicated to the public worship of Almighty God, Oct. 8, 1834." Invocation, Rev. Mil- ton P. Badger, of Andover; prayer by Rev. Isaac Bra- man, of Georgetown; sermon by Rev. Dr. Dimmick, of Newburyport, text Ps. 1. : 2 ; prayer by Rev. Mr. Kim- ball, of Ipswich, and benediction by Rev. Mr. Whittle- sey, of Haverhill. THE CHANGED lUDUSTET. The agricultural life of the early history continued for a century and a half. After the revolutionary war the people of this country gave more attention to man- ufactures. The increase of population at the commer- cial centers led to the division of labor and the ad- vancement of practical arts and trades. The indepen- dence of the government resulted in the growth of home industries, labor was reorganized, manufactures received a new impulse, and became new factors in the economy of life in the opening of the nineteenth century. The herds of Bradford had been long restricted by substantial fences from roaming at will in the free " commons," and they no longer wore the brand-mark authorized by the General Court, a bow and arrow, the arrow penetrating the figure of a heart. The produce of the farms is not sufficient to satisfy a laudable am- bition. The increasing population demands new avenues of labor. There is a tradition of a pottery established on Bradford highlands, where brown earthen ware was made for a time. It is within the memory of men that a mill was very busy grinding corn and wheat on the little stream which flows through the Buswell place. Ship building at an early day was carried on by John At- wood a;id others. Shubal Walker was the pioneer in the manufacture of leather. Johnson's creek had at dif- ferent times three fulling mills, ffour saw mills, two bark •A very good painting of this church is in the possession of Mrs. D. Pitts, of Bradford. t lilany of these facts are taken from Dr. Perry's discourse, 1820. 134 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. mills and five grist mills, the sluice of one of these " dug by Cuff Dolfe, a person of color, of remarkable strength, steady habits, and who died in the comfortable hope of a blessed immortality." The manufacture of shoes was begun in the early part of this century. Indeed it has been shown by a gentleman* of very careful research that this industry was carried on before the revolutionary war. In 1792f Samuel Tenney, and soon after Uriah Gage and Timo- thy Phillips and William Tenney were engaged in the manufacture of " sale shoes" in Bradford. They found market in Boston, Salem, Newburyport aud Portland. " They carried their goods to market on horseback." The ambition of the trade was soon developed and ex- tended. Salem vessels carried Bradford shoes to the West Indies. They were sent to the Southern states. A commission house was established in Georgetown, D. C. Trade extended to Philadelphia and to the cities further south, and this manufacture became, after the war of 1812, one of the organized industries of the coun-' try. The business was no longer precarious ; the goods were not made as an experiment. The industry had come iuto being partly, indeed, by the creative agency of men who were gifted with foresight and wisdom but it was also a response to one of the demands of the more com- plex social life. In its later development this trade has assumed vast proportions. It has been the controlling element in the history of the town for many years. It has engaged a large capital. It has extended to every State and Territory. It has gone to the islands of the sea and to South America. Its increase is marked from year to year. In 1838 the manufacturers of Bradford removed their business to Haverhill, and the town has since been a quiet place of residence, while its people * See a very interesting address by H. I. Ordway, Esq. of Boston. t Tiiese facts were gathered in a valuable historical address by Warren Ordway, delivered before the Farmers' and Mechanics' Institute of Brad- ford. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 13$ have been among the most active, industrious and suc- cessful in the pursuit of this prosperous industry. The names of the manufacturers, Montgomery, Hoyt, John- son, Ordway, Webster, Sawyer, Farrar, Kimball, Day, Waldo, MerrUl, Ford, Carleton, Durgin, Pearl, Town, Hopkinson, and many others, are familiar to all who know the history of the growth of this town, the comfort of its people, the easy affluence of many of its citizens, and the remarkable freedom from distressing poverty. The good things of this life are never equally dis- tributed ; it would be impossible to maintain a perfect equality if the gifts could be so bestowed. But the ac- tual necessities of the poor in this goodly town are so few that most of them are supplied from private distri- bution of charity. The town poor farm was actually sold for the reason that the town had no paupers to live on it. The town has not yet seen its greatest success. The valley of the Merrimack, growing more beautiful every year, and increasing in population, in thrift, economy and business sagacity, is to be the happy home of a prosper- ous, happy people. The river banks will have more manufactories enlivened with the hum of machinery and the labors of the busy artizans who will carry forward the industry of life, and in the future as in the past achieve success. NINTH PASTOEATE. During the interval of nearly two years a call was given to Rev. James W. McLane, "a teacher in the Classical School at Andover." The call was declined. An urgent invitation was afterwards extended to Rev. Jonathan F. Stearns to become Pastor. Mr. Stearns had supplied the church for some time but declined the call. Rev. Nathan Munvoe, ninth Pastor, was born at Minot (now Auburn), Maine, 1804 ; graduated at Bow- doin College with highest honors; graduated at Ando- 136 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. ver 1835; ordained at Bradford, Feb. 10, 1836. The council was large, and the parts were assigned as fol- lows : introductory prayer, Rev. Mr. Whittlesey ; sermon, Rev. Leonard Woods, D. D. ; consecrating prayer. Rev. Dr. Perry ; charge to Pastor, Rev. Dr. Dimmick ; right hand. Rev. Jonathan F. Stearns ; charge to the people, Rev. L. Withington, D.D. The ministry of Mr. Mun- roe is well remembered by a large number of persons now living, and it is not needful to utter at this time their esteem for him and his work. During the second year of his ministry the following memorandum was made in the records of the church, in the hand writing of Dea. Jesse Kimball: " March 24, 1837. This day died Dea. John Hasseltine, aged 80 years. " The ancestors of Dea. Ilasseltine removed from this town to Chester, N. " H., where he was born in 1756 In early life he came to this place and " made it his residence till his death. He was possessed of much physical " energy, and sustained a good character as a man of integrity and up- " Tightness, but knew nothing of religion experimentally until the revival " of 1806, when himself, wife and several children were hopefully made " subjects of renewing grace, and united with this church. In June, 1807, " he Wds chosen deacon, which office he held till his death, and the active " duties of it to perform with credit to himself, and to the acceptance of • the church, until his infirmities rendered it necessary to elect another,i '• which was done by choice of Dea. William Day in 1829. Dea. H. took "a deep interest in the prosperity of the church in this place and of Zion " generally, and contributed readily to sustain these measures which were " devised in furtherance of this object. He had clear views of the evil of " sin, and especially of his own sinfulness, and continued to supplicate for " mercy to the last. His end, however, was peace, and he died with a " hope full of immortality." A full generation had passed away since the revival in which Dea. Hasseltine was brought into the church. Mr. Munroe numbers among his parishioners many per- sons who have come from other towns. The population, under the increasing stimulus of trade, has become less stationary. New familes come in, business is more re- munerative at the centres of trade. The result is a changing population ; not fluctuating and migratory, but increasing by valuable accessions from abroad. Mr. Munroe was a faithful Pastor, studious, a strong advo- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I37 cate of an orderly walk by the members, conservative in his views and in bis practice, and thoroughly devoted to his work. His labor was blessed with special seasons of refreshing from on high. Under his ministry the annual meeting of the church on the first Monday of January for prayer and mutual confession and edification, became a regular appointment. It had been, the practice of the church to hold that meeting by special vote. Parson Allen was accustomed to ask the church to renew the covenant with the beginning of the year. Sometimes he wrote a special covenant which he asked the members to sign. The style of Mr. Munroe's preaching on extraordi- nary occasions may be shown by an abstract of a fun- eral sermon. At the same time it may show the char- acter of one who was greatly beloved in this town. Hon. Jesse Kimball, a deacon in the church, died Dec. 19, 1846. Mr. Munroe's sermon at the funeral was pub- . lished. Text, Rom. v. : 7 ; subject, The good man. 1. He is a man of strict and unalterable integrity. 2. He is kind, affectionate, benevolent. 3. He regards the lesser duties, his character is symmetrical, he is actuated by princi- ple not impulse. 4. He is humble, unconscious of his own excellence. The daily beauty of Ms life which is so visible to others, is not the object of his own thoughts and admiration, so much as the standard which he would use, the ideal pattern he would imitate. 5. The crown- ing excellence is piety. To a christian mind the truth is obvious, and to all minds it should be familiar, that " The Christian is the highest style of man." The sermon closes with a careful delineation of the char- acter of his honored friend. The words which fell from the Pastor's lips will be welcomed again in these pages by that large number of persons who love the memory of that good man. The following extract is very much abridged : " Dea. Kimball, the son of James and Lueretia Hasseltine Kimball, born " April 15, 1792, was possessed of no ordinary powers of mind, his intellect " clear, perceptions quick, judgment good, his mind carefully cultivated. " ILo was fond of good boolts, was a careful reader, with the light litera- 138 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. " ture, such as makes the mind feeble and sickly, and, as it were, ffives it " the consumption, ^he had little to do. He loved what was solid, fitted to "give strength.* Hisloveof knowledge was intense, and he became highly * At the same time Mr. Kimball had a relish for those . lighter forms of literature in poetry and works of the fancy and imagination. It is said that he was accustomed to write poetry for his own diversion and for the gratification of his friends. The following lines have been ascribed to him. The subject of the sketch is well remembered by the older residents of Bradford : Within our knowledg;e lives a man. And when his earthly course began No one can tell — but this is true : He lives' as well as I and you. E'en by himself. The date's forget, And when it was it matters not. His grave appearance seems to show 'Twas more than fifty years ago ; His aspect is of sable hue. His ancestors in Africa grew ; But Providence has fixed his lot In a more highly favored spot. His mansion, neither fine nor great Affords no proof of pomp or state, ' Tis placed beside the public road. On land by charity bestowed. And equidistant, full in view, The deacon, and the parson, too : The sight is pleasant and serene. There academy and church are seen. When entered into, then and there How white the table and the chair. No less the chest, how soft the bed On which to rest the weary head. The cellar too, and each deposit So kept in view ; but more the closet. Over the fire-place hangs a key, Emblem of trust — and such is he. Tlie church and hearse engross his care, This academy a greater share. A Bible too he can produce, Kept more for custom Than for use. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 1 39 " intelligent, fitte4 to be a companion of men of culture. He was well ac- For so it happened He who bought him, How to peruse it Never taught him. Was gardener too for all around, He tills their most productive ground. Under his care, the fertile soil Amply repays the arduous toil ; Day after day he labors hard. And homeward bears his rich reward. His frugal housewife spreads his board, And shows to what his stores afford. Unlike the Southern tawny race, No despot arises from place to place ; But nurtured in this happy land, He reaps the product of his hand. Thus happily his days are spent. In humble state he rests content ; Freed from the cares of useless wealth, While luxury robs of health. Thus far my thoughts I have expressed, Howe'er it may affect the rest ; But if you are in like condition, We'll gain redress by a petition. He oft disturbs my morn's repose, — ■ Dissolves my dreaming, drowsy spell. By the noisy tinkling of his bell. To sum the whole to one short view, He's bellman, sexton, collector, too. Thus may he ne'er want for a friend, To do for him what he has done ; A friend both human and divine. On his last closing hours to shine. Divine, when earthly comforts cease, Bear him to the realms of peace. Composed by Jesse Kimball, Esq., on the colored man called Joel. A youngster was sent home for pencil and paper, and written under the fence in the field where they had been at work, near Joel's, directly after eating their field dinner. BBADfORD, Mass., Sept., 1815. 140 MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. " quaitited with the principles of law. As a man conscientious and pure. "iie filled many important offices, was a member of the General Court of " this Commonwealth thirteen years, an actiTe member of the Board of " Trustees of Bradford Academy. He had the entire confidence of all. He " was hospitable to strangers, generous, tender and compassionate to the "poor. Asa Christian he was sincere, humble, stable, faithful. His. " piety was clear, intelligent, warm. He never forgot his covenant with " God, nor his obligations to the church. His life was like the light and "warmth of the sun." It is not needful to speak at length of the laborious, faithful, fruitful ministry of Munroe. He was successful in no ordinary degree in the benevolent work of the church, he was faithful in doctrine,, in discipline; there was a peculiar charm in his conversation, his house was a'- place of bountiful hospitality. The church was prosperous un- der his ministry. A new house of worship was built, blessed revivals occurred adding many to the fold of Christ. One of his earlier sermons is well remembered by some who heard it in May, 1837. A brief analysis, and a few extracts, will give some idea of his sermonising. Text, Ps. 17: 15. I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness. Introduction. " This is the language of a devout soul, fully trusting " God. He was in the midst of the prosperity of wicked men. From this " earthliness with all its luxury he turns away to catch a glimpse of eter- " nal joys. Three topics ; I. The condition of th» Christian in this ' ' -world. The Christian is never fully awake in this life, is more or less un- " der the influence of lethargy. The carnal man finds motives to stimn- " late him in everything, the spiritual man can be kept awake only by " light and truth from above. Though the life is renewed, yet there is a " proneness to sleep in the renewed life, while the old man i.sas wakeful as " ever. The degree of spiritual stupidity is never known by any one this " side heaven. The man who is asleep does not know it till he wakes. " Sometimes Christians are greatly aroused, they are kindled to unwonted "glow; the worth of the soul, heaven and hell are realities, slumber is " shaken off, but only partially ; even then the soul is only partially " awake. Every soul is capable of an intensity of activity, of which these " better hours are only a slight earnest. In this life the Christian is never "satisfied. He seeks a better, purer lifeand higher joy. He is compassed " with infirmity, exposed to sorrow, distressed by the sight of sin which by " all prayers and tears he cannot prevent. 2. The change which the " Christian anticipates, (a) lie is to awake, the torpor is to be shaken off, " his powers are to stand forth in revived sensibility, life will have new en- " ergy , hindrances are to cease, springs of new emotion are to open their foun- MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I4I " tains within him. (i) The Christian is to awake with the divine likeness, " as we are told, " when he shall appear we shall be like him," have the di- " vine image, never more to be lost or effaced. 3. The condition of the " Christian after this change. He will be sati|fied with respect to him- " self, with his condition, his attainments, his employ, his companions, his " prospects. He will be satisfied in respect to God. In some things we " cannot now see the goodness nor even the justice of God. Then all will " be clear. He will be satisfied in regard to the destiny of all created be- " ings. The whole subject of the final destiny is one of perplexity. But '• after the change comes the darkness will be driven away. Reflections. " (a) What obligations the Christian is under to Christ. (6) What " a glorious thing it is for the Christian to die. (c) Behold the infatua- " tion of the worldly-minded Christian." After leaving the pastorate, owing to the faiUire of health, Mr. Munroe engaged in labor for the American Sunday School Union, and subsequently he became edi- tor of the Boston Recorder in connection with Rev. Parsons Cooke, who was his life-long friend. He con- tinued to reside in Bradford till his death, and he sleeps under the evergreens in the new cemetery with the generation he so faithfully served. His memory is faithfully cherished by those who still remain to testify to his fidelity in the gospel. TENTH PASTOEATE. Genial, scholarly, versatile McCoUom ; born in Salem, N. Y., 1814; graduated Dartmouth College, 1835; tutor Dartmouth College, 1837-8; graduated Andover, 1840; ordained Pittston, Me. ; installed. Great Falls, 1844 and at Bradford, Jan. 25, 1854. The church welcomed him heartily. His ministry continued pleasantly through twelve years, in which the church was strengthened, often refreshed and quickened and enlarged. The re- vival of 1857-8, which blessed the churches so widely through the land was here a renewal of life. The peo- ple with the pastor bowed in prayer and devotion that they might rise and go forth with fresh zeal to the work of the master. Mr. McCoUom was a good sermonizer, his style fresh, 142 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. his thoughts practical, his manner pleasing and earnest. He was peculiarly happy in his addresses to the young. The following analysis may show the style of his ad- dress and the earnestness of his spirit. The sermon was written after leaving Bradford. Text, 1 John, 2: 13. " Words written by a very old man, nearly a hundred years had passed " over his head, his own work almost done. The venerable apostle looks " with deepest interest upon the energy, elasticity, vitality, strength of " young men. lie knew the possibilities of good garnered in them. He " knew the temptations and dangers and responsibilities. In the .same '* spirit I address you, young men, to-night, (a) My first advice is, " Look well to your strength, for your strength may be your temptation, " and your weakness may be your ruin or may be brought by culture and " care, so as to be your salvation here and hereafter. The old heathen " exhortation is good enough to be Christian advice, 'know thyself.' Close " beside every virtue lurks a temptation urging you to turn your good into " evil, virtue easily degenerates into vice. Courage is a good thing, but " it easily degenerates into rashness. Benedict Arnold had courage, but " the whole army had not a more reckless, useless, dangerous oflBcer. (i) ^^ Be governed by Christian principle. Firsts last and always be a Christ- " ian. You are starting, the sea is bright, beautiful. Courage, then, "spread the sail, steer for the land of the blessed ; what doth hinder? " The sea is treacherous ; sunken rocks, currents, whirlwinds, many a " long line of breakers ahead. How are you to navigate such a sea? There "is a chart, a compass, a sure rudder, there is an anchor; take these, " you know what they are. . (c) Be thoughtful. I mean not reverie but "sober, earnest, continuous thought. Reflection separates man from the " brute, it allies him to angels. God allows strong stimulants to act upon " us, leadingus to think, and to be eager for knowledge. Nature is before us, "with mysteries in power, glory, beauty ; deep, solemn voices comedown " from heaven and up from the earth, and within are still more solemn " voices, whisperings, • questionings, shadowy recollections, longings for "truth. ' Vho am I ? '. they are saying. ' Whither am I going ?' But " let me caution you. Do not make the common mistake of regarding skep' " ticism and infidelity as proofs of thought and strength, (rf) Be ac- " tive You have a work to do ; do it faithfully, earnestly. Action is the " rich fruit of meditation. Thought and action are essential. To act "without thought is frivolous, to think without action is barren, (e) Be " ■watchful against temptation. Life will be a rough road even though " you are started for the eternal city. What shall we do then ? The Apos- " tie tells you : ' Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be " strong.' Let me tell you a secret, my young friends : unless you are care- '^ful you will watch when there is the least danger, and leave danger un- " guarded. Men are afaid of breaking down when they are strongest, " but are not afraid of their weakness. No man is so afraid of rash gen- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I43 " eroaity as the close-fisted man who was never known to do a generous " thing. The ministry of Mr. McCoUom was a delight to the whole people. His sermons were able, the variety of his topics saited all ages and every class of mind. During the civil war he was absent for several months- with the soldiers, acting under the Christian Commis- sion. His words of cheer in the army, in many a tent, by many a soldier's sick bed, will be long remembered by those who fought the battles of their country. It was a strange thing that bonds so strong as those ex- isting between pastor and people should be severed. But under the influence of a call from the church in Medford, the pastor resigned and the people reluctantly consented, and he was dismissed Sept. 20, 1865, by a council which left for record these words, " His ability, his courteousness, 'his manliness, and his christian char- acter have endeared him to the churches around, w'ho will unite with this church in deep regret at his de- parture." Mr. McCoUom often preached in Bradford after the close of his pastorate. He welcomed his suc- cessor, the present pastor, to the place to which the church hSid called him, and at the installation, Jan. 11, 1866, he gave the charge to the people with words of love and wisdom, and gave to the new pastoral relation his heartfelt and prayerful benediction. Where, a few years after, the Lord called him home from the labor of earth to the reward of heaven, loving hands bore his precious form and laid it tenderly in its resting place that he might sleep with the great number to whom he had ministered, who now rest from their labors. I shall not enter upon the years that follow. The church holds on in its chosen way. Two seasons of special revival have encouraged the people and added large numbers to the church since the present pastorate began. The population has increased largely, the work of the church is enlarged, the hope of the people is still in the favoi and blessing of God. 144 MEMORIAL. HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Thus we have followed along the pathway of the two hundred years. The footpath of the Yorkshire herdsmen has grown broader. The forests have cleared away; the river which then unmolested took its way to the sea now turns the wheels of our prosperous in- dustry and floats on its bosom the burden of an in- creasing trade. We look abroad upon a people in the full enjoyment of civilization and refinement and afflu- ence, and we behold a populous commonwealth with its free institutions and its still glowing promise of the rarer glory in the coming days. The times are auspicious. This church enters on its third century of life in the most hopeful day the world has ever seen. The church of every name and in all the world, after centuries of halting, has fairly com- mitted itself to the aggressive work in carrying the gospel to every creature under heavfen. All paths of commerce become the thoroughfares of the gospel. Lib- eral sentiment is the sign of the times. Imperial power melts away, all nations are becoming free; it is the in- evitable progress of events. The thought of the exiled Puritan which was in his soul as the exalted vision has become the experience of mankind. One thing we are to remember. The Yorkshire men, those heroes in the primitive life, who laid the founda- tions, were men of faith and reverence for God. They believed what God said. The "Thus saith God" was ultimate authority. The voice of all that sainted throng who in these two hundred years have passed to the life beyond, would be one in this, " Trust God and follow him." THE BRIDGE. Memorial Addresses. MEMOEIAL ADDRESSES. EO¥LET AUD BEADPOKD. Addresa by Eev. John Pike, D. D,, of Eowley. It was fitting, that the. church at Bradford in celebrat- ing its two hundred years of life Should recognize the mother church at Rowley, and it was peculiarly pleasant to receive, through him who was the pastor of that church during a whole generation, her salutations and benedictions. After the opening services the venerable pastor spoke as follows : Mr. President: I congratulate you and your associates that you have reached this memorable occasion, and, alsoj that as the first-born, you have distanced the mother in the pursuit and possession of much which concerns the life here and that beyond. Yet, as this is your natal day, and the period, when the doctine of heredity is pressed so far to the front, it seems to be wise that after the Scripture, song and prayer, you should be reminded of the original in which the possibilities of your past, pres- ent and future, were included. The leaping brook, the clear stream, the dashing waterfall, the rapid river, wide and deep, pressing on toward, the sea ; and all the sur- roundings which they fertilize, hang upon the lakelet far away among the hills. So the .generations that have here fallen asleep, and that which now survives are united as effect, and cause, with the colony upon yonder shore that had a character which was formed amid the embarrassments of the old world, and matured while battling with the seas, and subduing the forests, and in 147) 148 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. those unfinished homes, the blaze of whose fire was an image of their brightness and contentment, and whose life was one of self-sacrifice and devotion unto God. When I consider the three earlier Pastors of the mother church: Ezekiel Rogers, who was a fortress of defence against the satanic attacks of the old world, upon his faith and practice, and only left, when he could take the aggressive for God in a new and larger sphere, and who had such genius and piety, that he drew most skil- fully from the vast storehouse of knowledge ; so that from Andover all around to the sea, they came to his Thursday lecture to catch and bear away the fire of his thought, and, even to the last, was said to be a tree so loaded with fruit, that the branches bent so low that the very children could pluck, eat and live : Samuel Phillips who, second in time,- was side by side with the first in power, whose culture was unusually great, and whose benevolence was high, deep and broad, passing down in the family line, till it brightly shone in the Academies of Exeter and Andover, the Theological Sem- inary, and the lesser ornaments of city and country : Samuel Shepard so wonderful in the delicacy of his" disposition and in the fervor of his piety, that it seems not strange that he should after only three years of ser- vice here, be wanted among the stars of light. When, I say, I consider these, under whose ministry your an- cestry were placed, I shall naturally think that through this triple channel have flowed, and been deposited in the place where we now stand, those finer and stronger elements which make your higher intelligence possible, the reception of the word and works of grace more easy, and the struggle for personal salvation more certain and successful. We look back, then, to Rowley, and see those influences coming up like the mist which rose at the bidding of God, to make the early Paradise lovely and fruitful, and spreading over the large territory which was covered for years by its sacred but homely MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 1 49 name, so that it seemed like the land of Judea, not so much for its luxuriant products, as for some of its im- mortal men, whose courage, energy and piety, were a power infusing, with every day, life into others, and which led them to die upon this hill ; while with strengthened eye and prophetic vision they looked out upon the re- gion yet to be possessed and saw inscribed upon its ris- ing population, " Freedom to worship God," " A church without a bishop, and a state without a king." There are certain things in which the mother church and her earliest daughter have been in the larger part of their career upon the same line. Manifestly, they have been one in the idea of a permanent ministry. Both have seemed as indisposed to change their Pastors, or substitute for them stated supplies, as a happy family would be to change its "father, or appoint a guardian in his place. Permanence was to the mother, so like the laws of nature, that for one hundred and thirty-five years she was not for a single day without a settled Pastor, and passed one hundred and seventy-one years of her memorable life, before she ventured to dismiss one. The parents were his, and the children his, and there was time enough allowed for him to put the signa- ture upon both which would be acknowledged at the gate of heaven, and allow him to preach still from his dust, when his voice was silenced in the church and home. The picture of those years may be more easily imagined, than correctly drawn. The area of toil was large, but the energy, skill and patience, were in propor- tion to the demand. Seldom did they raise the Mace- donian cry to others, " Come over and help us," and as seldom did they think of any easier way of coming to Christ, than by beholding the sights and hearing the sounds of Sinai, where sin was made so fearful that many entered with higher gratitude, and with a better trust upon the great highway of holiness, where was written, and sounding at every step of their pilgrimage 150 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. "The path of the just is as the shining light, that shin- eth more and more unto the perfect day." They went not out amid the startling wonders of the world, to bring them in, and make the sabbath service endurable and amusing, but were satisfied with the "bread which com- eth down from heaven," and with the ^vater over which it had been said, " If any man thirst let him come unto me and drink." Having studied long and earnestly the minds and hearts of their hearers, they rose humbly and majestically in their pulpits as the Saviour did in the synagogues of Judea, keeping their eye intently fixed upon the way opened to the lost soul, and its recovery, and inattentive to every thing that did not throw light upon it ; they felt as the Captain did, when examined by those appointed to select a pilot for one of the higher steamships, who, when asked the question if he could name the shoals and knew the snags upon the Missis- sippi river, said, "I do not know one of them, but the current of the river from St. Louis to its outlet, I know perfectly, and there I am accustomed to sail my ship, without prying into the snags, or meddling with the shoals that line its sides. The changes of the last two centuries may well sur- prise us, as they certainly would surprise those from whom we have descended, could they re-visit the spot which was consecrated to their simple, humble life. There is one thing, however, in which we should find them, and they would find us, as unchanged as the ocean upon which they sailed, and the compass which directed their course hither. It is the confidence in the inspired word, and the system of truth so generally acknowledged through the centuries to be derived therefrom, each part of which strengthens the whole, and none of which can be ex- plained away without damage to the explainer, and those whom he has incautiously instructed. "Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my word shall not pass away." Arise, then, ye generations of the future, and take MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I5I the places which we are fast vacating that we may join the ancestral throng whose name and praise we this day celebrate. Take the precious word of God which we commit to you, not to stimulate your speculations, but to guide your thoughts and regulate your lives. Come to this consecrated spot, when another century has passed, to survey that sun of which David speaks, when hfe says, "The Lord God is a Sun," and to which Malachi refers, when prophecying the rise of the " Sun of righteousness with healing in his wings." Perhaps, when your observations are made and all your measure- ments are complete, there may be a more vivid idea with you than with us, of the distance between God and the fallen stars which have lost their connection with him, and the strength and glory of that redemptive force which brings them back to the circle of his attractions, and makes them move in harmony with his own course, while "Nearer my God to thee," will be fast passing from the wish of the song to be the joyful fact of your historic life. And now with this happy anticipation of the future Centennial, with the most pleasant remembrance of the scholarly and ' devout Munroe, who laid here, deep and broad the foundations of that faith upon which he rested, and to which he welcomed others as their only hope ; and the beloved McCoUom whose mind and heart were closely wedded to the same faith, and who illustrated it in such select and beautiful language, and with so at- tractive a manner as to allure many to receive and adorn it : with a joyful view of the intelligence, com- fort and piety of the daughter of my present home, and with the delightful assurance that you have a minister as your guide, who combines in himself the culture, be- nevolence and sincere piety which the three earlier min- isters of the mother colony possessed, I lift my hands over you saying, " The Lord bless thee, and keep thee ; The Lord make his face shine upon thee, and be graciotis unto thee : The Lord lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace." 152 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. aEOYELAND, THE DAUGHTEE OHUEOH. Address by Bev. A. 0. Swain. In responding in behalf of the daughter church, Groveland, I believe I can give to you her congratula- tions, which certainly she heartily gives to you upon this interesting occasion. She rejoices with you over your two hundredth anniversary, and is glad for all .the pros- perity which has attended the efforts of the mother ■church. Her life grew out of the success and growth of the first half century of your existence. Many of those who left you to form the Second Church, were al- lied perhaps with the early history of your church into which they had been spiritually born, and hence would leave with the dearest remembrances of trials and victo- ries. I regret that the early' records upon our own church books are somewhat scanty as they refer back to the very beginning, so far as pleasing incidents are concerned ; and yet we have handled within a few days those books, the leaves of which and the covers bear the mark of great age. And well may he who likes the task fall down and do homage to them. I believe it is only within the limits of our time to speak of the organization of the daughter church, and of those pastors who faithfully watched over the interest of Zion. Some- time in 1726 application was made by a few families to the General Court, to be set off from the first church, Bradford, to form what should be known as the East Parish. This being granted, on the 7th of June, 1727, the church to be known as the East Parish, was organ- ized, with 48 male members, who were set off from the first church, Bradford. Upon the same day Rev. Wil- liam Balch was ordained as Pastor. The council was composed of the churches of Newbury, Byfield, Beverly, ■and Haverhill. In July of the same year 53 female MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I53 members were transferred from the first church to the East Parish church. The latter having as her officers Samuel Tenny and Richard Bailey, one as an Elder, the other as a Deacon. Thus she was organized with a membership of one hundred and one ; within a year in- creased to one hundred and seventy-nine, and an assist- ant Deacon, William Hardy, Jr., chosen. The first Pas- torate covered a period of 65 years, but the last 13 years as a Senior Pastor with a Colleague. Rev. Ebenezer Dutch was ordained as such Nov. 17, 1779. "With these words the first Pastor of this church, at the advanced age of 88, closed this life, " Gome, Lord Jesus, I am ready." The second Pastorate extended over a period of 34 years, during which time the present house of worship was built. This took place in 1791, dedicated probably in August. The sermon preached by the Rev. Mr. Dutch at the dedication, entitled "A Discourse upon the public worship of Grod," can still be read. The house since has been moved, altered and enlarged. Mr. Dutch passed away suddenly on the 4th of August, 1813, aged 62 years. Sixteen months elapse, when Rev. Gardner B. Perry is installed as the third Pastor, Sept. 28, 1814. One whom we learn took a decided stand in the cause of temperance, while he also early engaged in the Anti- Slavfery movement. Two Pastors of this Association are present to-day who remember his closing ministrations, while within a year -we have buried one who was a church member when Dr. Perry was installed. Too late to make use of, a discourse of his "containing a history of the town," vras handed me. He died Dec. 16, 1859, aged 76. Rev. David A. Wasson was ordained as Col- league with Dr. Perry Sept. 4, 1851'. His Pastorate en- dured but for a year, when the same council which had ordained him dismissed him, to the happy relief of that already divided people. Rev. Daniel Pickard was with- in a year of this dismissal ordained as Colleague with 154 MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Dr. Perry, who still enjoyed the confidence of his peo- ple as Senior Pastor. This successor, beloved .by his church, occupied for four years, and then retired on ac- count of ill health. Rev. Thomas Daggett was ordained March 4, 1857 — not now over the East Parish church, but over the Congregational church, of Groveland, which had taken this name when the town was set off from Bradford in 1850. This Pastorate ceased April 20, 1864. On Dec. 29 the same year. Rev. Martin S. Howard was installed, a man beloved by his people and blessed in his labors. A dismission was granted him Oct. 5, 1868. In 1870, on the 20th day of April, Rev. John C. Paine having accepted a call of the church, was installed as Pastor. The Pastorate of Mr. Paine is still fresh in the minds of many of this Association and community, and it is enough for me to say that the people over whom he ministered speak kindly and lovingly of him. He was dismissed Oct. 30, 1877, and died at an advanced age two years after. The present Pastorate began July 6, 1881. The in- terim had been filled by Rev. James McLean as acting Pastot. Such we find to be the history of the church which was formed out of this. The daughter church has not existed without her trials. She has passed through many. She has been tinctured with unbelief, and the flock divided thereby. But yet she has withstood all this, and to-day we trust she has something of her old time strength. We ask of you sy^npathy and j'our pray- ers that we may do the work of the Master faithfully. VIEW FROM THE LAWN. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. ISS THE OONTEMPOEAET OHUEOH, OENTfiE OHUEOH, HAVEEHILL. Poem, by John Orowell, M. D., of HaTerhill. Dr. Crowell remarked that it might seem strange to some that the Centre church, which was established in 1833, should be called the contemporary church. ■ He explained that when the controversy arose in the First Parish of Haverhill fifty years ago, resulting in separa- tion, the church consisted of ninety-one members. Of this number eighty-nine left and formed the Centre church, which is thus, practically, the contemporary church. The First Parish retains the original organiza- tion of 1640. Dr. Crowell then read the following poem: Through the dim vista of the centuries A vision clear unfolds before my eyes, Rich in the mellow tints some master paints On face divine of prophets and of saints ; ' Or, when on broader canvas we behold The horizon's glory in its flush of gold, When hill, and lake, and wood, throw back the gleam, — The afterglow of day's refracted beam. Upon the river's bank the village stands, 'Mid quiet openings and fertile lands. Stern, rugged men their homes have planted here, The men who seek no rest, and know no fear; Who suffer long for truth and conscience' sake. Who form no creeds that they themselves will break. Plain, simple men, who daily walk with God, And fling defiance at the oppressor's rod. Amid their hamlet home a house they raise. Rude, strong and homely, where God's praise Ascends, awhile men clutch their old king's-arms, Waiting on God, but quick for war's alarms. 156 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. The years roll on. Upon the other side Of that broad stream, whose waters calm divide The pleasant lands, behold another town Lifts up its modest head, and, like a crown, Adorns the brow of the encircling hills. From that old seaward town, whose record fills An honored page, they come, who, with strong hands, Lay the foundations of these " Merrimack Lands." Ere yet a Church of Christ was gathered here, These mea and women on Lord's day appear In the old house on the Pentucket side, To hold communion at the holy tide. Then spake the pastor of the Haverhill flock. The learned, grave John Ward, who like a shock Of ripened corn stood in his fourscore years, With trembling voice, and pale face wet with tears, " Go forth, my children, blessed of the Lord, Build ye a church, established on his word. Bow in meek faith before his just decree, Stand in the strength of Christ who makes you free I " Thus, in the fear of God this work began. The youthful Symmes, devout and holy man, Was set apart, by prayer and fasting long. Teacher and Pastor, and, by faith made strong. His forty years of earnest labor bless His people with the works of righteousness. 0, age of simple faith and quiet ways. Give back again the sweet Arcadian days 1 When humble labor filled the yeoman's hands With golden harvests from his rocky lands. When the good housewife, with deft fingers plied Her willing task, the busy wheel beside. When buxom damsels on the sampler wrought Those homely maxims, now alas, untaught. When, gathered round the ample, glowing hearth. Home voices mingled in good cheer and mirth. When country squire, in striding through the town MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 157 Received the meek obeisance of the clown, And children grouped along the village Btreet The reverend pastor's smiling face to greet. Calm and serene, through twice a hundred years This Church of Christ her early faith reveres. No pastor in this pulpit called to preach, A weak, diluted gospel cared to teach ; No rich usurper, owning half the pews Has ever tried to ventilate his views And keep the minister " in durance vile " To give him chance to hold the reins awhile ; No crazy ranter, with a better way To save poor sinners than to " watch and pray," No awful threatener of the wrath of God Who loves himself to hold the avenging rod, No starveling pedant, with his rigid rules. All iron-clad, from cloister and from schools, No new disciple, with a scanty grain Of modern science in his little brain, — Nay, none of these have here dissension wrought ; But truth instead, such as the Master taught, And messages of love in mercy sent To every lowly, burdened penitent. 0, happy church, that has no " crooked sticks," That knows no jars in party politics ; Whose wakeful deacons think no sermon long, Whose leading singer never trips in song 1 0, blissful pastor when his people pay His quarter's salary on the very day. Whose ladies, sewing for the Jew or Turk Ne'er stitch a social scandal with their work. Thrice happy parish, where the past enshrines With fondest pride the names of old divines. Whose early records bear the deeds of them Who grouped those stately letters, "A. B. C. P. M." Whose richest pages glow with living flame Of Annie Judson's dear heroic name. — Great pioneer in that immortal band. The star of hope to distant Burmah's land ! 158 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Him first we hail, who, when his work was done. Bequeathed his spotless mantle to his son ! Here the sweet singer, Parson Allen taught. Here Ingraham poured out his glowing thought. Bowed with the weight of four score years and ten The saintly Hoadley lingers among men. Lo, like the Patriarch, o'er his staff he bends And Apostolic words in blessing sends. Names precious still these later days have blest, 0, faithful servants, early called to rest ! The learned, patient and devout Monroe, And he, strong preacher, with Isaiah's glow 1 Upon the hill, in yon historic school Preceptor Greenleaf holds his rigid rule. Through the dim years his face again I see, Mark those gray eyes intently fixed on me. Meanwhile some stubborn task I blunder o'er. Or " speak a piece " upon the forum floor. Strong and incisive, both in thought and speech, Quick in his wit, by nature apt to teach, His smile we love, but tremble at his nod. Laugh at his jokes, but smart beneath his rod. In that old room, across the entry-way, A stately woman sits in queenly sway Above a realm, excluded from our sight Save when some favored boys chance to recite In Milton's mighty epic. Then they go Into that presence, awkwardly and slow. And there a " Paradise Regained " they find. But should some luckless wight, with absent mind Stumble and blush in parsing Eve's lament. Quickly he's banished, through the entry sent, His heart all tingling with revulsive pain, And Paradise is lost to him again. 0, rare Preceptor, learned, quaint and true I How many hard and knotty sums he knew ; Yet in his life, or in, or out of school, ^ MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I59 His parson and his doctor were his rule, In both he trusted, and in both believed — A bitter potion or a bitter creed. Yet should the parson mix, by slight mistake. Scripture and Shakespeare, with emphatic shake Of that great head, with whisper strong To all the nearest pews he'd say, " that's wrong!" Preceptor and Preceptress, those old halls Have long since vanished. Statelier walls Arise, secure on learning's broader base. But time nor change shall e'er efface The lines, that, chiselled by your deed and thought, Into this life of ours are nobly wrought 1 But, ah, what tongue or pencil e'er can trace The mighty record of the Kimball race ? From out the myriad faces, one I see Lifted serene in holy charity. He walked with God, and loved his fellow men, Who when reviled answered not back again. Whose hands unstained by petty trick or fraud Polluted not the vessels of the Lord. Type of a race that God has deigned to bless, Whose feet are in the ways of plenteousness, 0, name prolific, prosper and increase And fill the coming centuries with peace I What words of honest praise for him await — The true and tried, physician good and great I With what impelling force, what purpose strong His work of half a cpntury moves along. With what a subtle power his life has wrought Into the very fibre of our thought. 0, men and women of the coming age £nbalm this name, a precious heritage. To children's children yet the story tell, " 'Twas here he lived, so wisely and bo well." l6o MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. Dear elder church, not thus serene has been Thy checkered story, told by pious men ; — How on that First Day morn of bitter woe The brave Rolfe perished by the savage foe. How thy old walls received those dreadful shocks From teachers counted not quite orthodox. How Barnard left the Athanasian creed, And thought Arminius equal to his need. How in his turn the fervid Abbott preaclied That by good works salvation might be reached. How the mild Dodge in wisdom tried to hold These varying forces in his restless fold. Then Phelps arose, young, strong and eloquent, Who took the stern old creeds that Oalvin sent And hurled them naked at the people's heads. Who tore all opposition into shreds. And, with more zeal than wisdom, thundered down The wrath of God upon the little town. From out this bitter strife the church uprose,' Strong and serene above her direst foes. Good men stood forth, with true heroic names, Behold among them tireless Deacon Ames. Whose wiry shoulders every burden took, Who read his pastor like his spelling-book ; Who loved and honored and believed hjm true. And still the right reserved to scold him too, But thought whene'er he " changed" for half a day, The other parish good round boot should pay. 0, matchless worker, show us by what power You filled appointments at the unvarying hour. Held up the timid, made the lazy work, Pitied the feeble, goaded on the shirk, . Helped out the sexton, made the singing go. But ne'er was known to pitch a tune too low 1 Unlock the casket where the secret lies Of giving freely in self-sacrifice I Show us the alchemy that could combine That iron will, and woman's heart of thine I MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. l6l Still other lines, memory's pencil trace I Behold sweet Harriet Newel) 's pensive face From out the background of the past arise, Her young life beautiful in sacrifice ! Companion-saint with her who shares with thee The Christian wreath of immortality 1 Calm, strong and wisely just, again are seen Those modest brothers twain, who walk serene In the plain, narrow path their fathers trod, Their only guide, the oracles of God. Fashioned in Nature's rarest, finest mould, With keenest wil, and thought of purest gold. The sainted Hosford fills his chosen place ; A gleam of glory radiated his face ! Like that disciple whom the Master loves Close to the Saviour's heart he lives and moves. 0, thrice exalted spirit -we implore. Look out upon us from the heavenly shore 1 Lift up our drowsy souls from these dull ways, And with thy genius fill our later days ! I hear a voice: — "The sands are nearly run, The work of two long centuries is done." On newer canvas with fresh tint appears The sharp-lined contrast of these later years. Instead of meeting-house so rudely made, Behold the fluted shaft, and Greek fagade. Where frugal toil gave back a scanty fare, Behold the merchant and the millionaire. The farmers' daughters leave the wool and flax, And paint instead on saucers and on plaques. And boys too soon the easy lesson learn To spend the money that their fathers earn. Where once the Doctor rode the country through In single gig — behold the coach and two 1 Two solid sermons on the holy time Onr sires demanded, with a faith sublime ; In heat or cold, with never flagging powers ; l62 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. They HsteDed gravely through the lengthened hours. The sons say, " thirty minutes at the best, . Give us more time to study, and digest." The second sermon has been set aside, And now we have the time to read — and ride ! 0, rambling fugue, by strident voices set, Give way for organ pipe and trained quartette I No more shall fervid deacon dare to raise His semi-quavers to his Maker's praise. No more shall rosy daughters rise to view In bright array along the singing pew. Sonorous chest tones revel in low " G'," And paid sopranos strike the highest " 0," While fresh composers give us in their score Snatches from Martha and from Pinafore I And yet the grand old faith remains the same. Proclaimed in the divine Redeemer's name By faithful pastors, eloquent and true. The Haverhill Church, her eldest neighbor too Stand on the Rock the fathers built upon ; May coming centuries rise and say — " Well done I" THE OHUEOH IS ITS PELLOWSHIP. Address by Eev. S. J. Spalding, D. D., of Uewburyport. Mr. President and Friends: I am told that it is customary in Germany to desig nate the eldest born daughter of the family as the "little mother." The Bradford church is the eldest born of all the churches now constituting the Essex North Confer- ence. Its original membership came from the church of old Rowley. The first churches in Newbury and Ips- MEMORIAL, HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 163 wich are older in organization, but they were made not born. And most wisely, most kindly, and most faith- fully has this church discharged the duties of its hon- ored and responsible position. One of the oflEices of the " little mother" is to lead the other children. This lead- ing requires forecast, patience, fidelity and devotion. Too often it is done with petulance and unsteadiness. The younger children are forced, not led, or they are rudely pushed forward, and sometimes driven, by arbi- trary authority. From its beginning, the Bradford church has had a high place in the esteem of its sister churches. The character of the men who founded it, and the char- acter of the ministry it maintained, secured to it this place. It has been my duty to minister as Pastor to one of the younger churches of this fraternity, so that I have known somewhat of the influence of this church in council and in conference. This leading has been uniformly conciliatory, kindly, graceful and pleasant. Another duty of the "little mother" is to dispense favors to the other children of the household. And of all christian obligations there is no one which requires more wisdom than that of making gifts, of bestowing benefactions. Such is the power of sin in our natures that almost all our charities are flecked with haughtiness and self-gratulation. A gift properly bestowed is of double worth. Indeed its inherent worth may be insig- nificant and yet it may be so given as to be of inesti- mable value. In this regard the Bradford church has shown itself wise and magnanimous. Again, the " little mother" has much to do in set- tling disputes and adjusting differences among the other children of the household. There ought never to be a division or a strife in the churches of Christ, but from the days of Paul until this day, such divisions and strifes have existed, and often they have been most sharp and disastrous. Some church quarrels in Essex county have been notable, and none more so than some 164 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. in this pleasant valley of the Merrimac. The Bradford church has borne a most honorable part as peacemaker and healer of breaches in these contentions of Christian brethren. I cannot now recall a single instance in which I have been associated with this chnrch in the adjust- ment of difficulties, that the desire for peace and har- mony has not been prominently manifested. I was once called to an ex-parte council of which the Eev. Dr. Withington was expected to be a member. I asked him if he should attend. He replied, " I think not, and for this reason, I have little hope that any council can adjust difficulties which the good sense and piety of the people will not adjust for themselves. And when I know not what to do, I will not do I know not what." It is vastly important that in serving as peacemaker a church shoiild not itself become a contestant or be infected with the fatal virus of contention. The wisdom of the breth- ren of this church has avoided in all these past two hun- dred years both dangers. And you must have noticed that in the interesting history to which we have listened this morning, there was scarcely an allusion to any dis- cords in this church. Again, the " little mother " is to set a good example. Neighboring churches, like children of the same house- hold, are greatly influenced by what is placed before them for imitation. The record of this church in maintaining a high standard of righteousness, devotion and benevo- lence is one to which we all can look with profit as a record full of suggestions. It is because of this record that it has kept its hold on the town, and is to-day the only church in it. Again, the " little mother" must show herself sympa- thetic with the other members of the household. And in this regard we must speak with gratitude of the kind- ly offices of this church and its pastors. I have known three of them, and their terms of service extended over nearly 50 years. When I came to Newburyport Mr. MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 165 Munroe was here but with infirm health. He loved this church with the entire devotion of his nature. I know of nothing dearer to him. He loved this people. He loved the very hills and valleys and trees of Bradford. And many here to-day know much better than any neigh- bor how faithfully, and how untiringly he wrought in the ministry here. Rev. Mr. McCollom I knew before coming to New- buryport. He was a genial and kindly friend, a ready helper, a faithful and earnest preacher. Few men are so intent on making each sermon a power for good as he was. I remember him as one of the three who placed his hands upon my head in ordination, and as one who in seasons of sorrow was full of the tenderest sympathy. But I must not detain you longer. You have my best wishes for your continued prosperity, and may all the rich promises and hopes of the past 'be more than realized in the future. And may the God of the fathers be your God and portion unto the latest gener- ation. THE NEW ENGLAND MINISTEY. Address by Prof. Edwards A. Park, D. D. Mr.' President, Ladies, and Gentlemen : I have been invited on account of my great age to describe the ancient clergymen of New England. I think that I have some right, on the ground of my many years, to speak on this theme. I saw the celebrated missionary, Adoniram Judson, before he was seen and recognized by the oldest man now living in Bradford. -I saw him before he ever came to Bradford, rfe sought me out. I did not seek him out. He uttered some pleasant words in regard to my prospects in life. My l66 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. prospects then were brighter then than they have been since, for I was then only a few days old. Such facts as this warrant me in speaking of the clergy who lived one and two hundred years ago. Many of those New England pastors came into their of&ce under peculiar advantages. From early life they had been trained for responsible positions. An uncom- monly large proportion of them were the sons of min- isters. The youngest of the Mayhews was the fifth in one unbroken line of clerical ancestors; Ralph Waldo Emerson was the eighth in another unbroken line. Some who were not the sons of ministers were the sons of men who were the special friends and companions of the clergy. The boy was familiar with the habits, and was educated by the conversation, of the pastor. Such facts as these account for the rare dignity which characterized the manners of the old cler- gymen. They were " to the manner born." The com- mon people stood in awe of the men who, from their earliest years, Bad moved in a sphere above the common people. As some of the ancient pastors were trained for their office under peculiar advantages, others were trained un- der peculiar disadvantages, but they converted obstacles into means of success. They derived their power from their conflicts with poverty. They obtained aid from no charitable funds. They depended on themselves and their God. I call to mind one of them who was wont to walk barefoot with his shoes and stockings in his hands, from his father's house to the college and from the college to his father's house, — a distance of fifteen miles. In those walks he learned self-denial and gained strength. I call to mind another of them who com- plained that he nearly ruined his memory by learning the whole Latin Grammar in the Latin language before he could understand a word of it. Still this man, with his well nigh ruined memory, could in subsequent life MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 167 repeat hundreds . of Virgil's lines without having endeav- ored at any time to learn them by heart. These two men became eminent in the clerical profession. One of them exercised a great influence over our statesmen, particularly over John Hancock. There is another fact connected with the early ministers of New England. Men of strong intellect were attracted to the ministerial office by the strong discourses which they heard on the Sabbath day. Some of the pastors were patient and persevering students. I have been in- formed of one rural pastor who would be a hundred and forty-five years old if he were living today, and I have been astonished at his indomitable industry. At eight o'clock in the morning he entered his study and did not leave it until twelve. At one o'clock in the afternoon he re-entered it, and did not leave it until six. He en- tered it again at seven and did not leave it until nine in the evening. In this regular habit' he persevered for more than a half century. I have read of another clergyman who was accustomed to visit a scientific physician in a neighboring town and spend a day and a night in the- ological debate. On one evening the clergyman mounted his horse to return home ; the physician stood by the horse after the clergyman had mounted it. " A new topic was started ; the horse walked on a few steps and stopped ; then a few steps more, the friends being still earnestly engaged in discussion. At last they were alarmed at the appearance of a fire in the east, which, after a short time, they found was the brSak of day." It was not very uncommon for the old-time ministers to meet for important discussions and to spend whole nights in their work. These discussions were stimulating and strengthening. It is said the libraries of the clergymen were not large ; still they were solid, and were " circulat- ing libraries" in one sense. Each minister borrowed from his brethren such books as he did not himself own, and was as free to lend as to borrow. It is said that l68 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. the signal instances of hard work which are recorded of our ministers were striking exceptions to the general rule. Of course they were exceptional, yet they illus- trate the fact that industry was a common virtue of our clerical fathers. Their influence over their people is one indication of their personal worth. They could not have retained so great an influence if they had not been men of power. We may not justify the methods in which they sometimes used their power; these very meth- ods, however, indicate their superiority to the men around them. I have heard of a very aged pastor who was thought, by some of his parishioners, to need the help of Ruling Elders. The two deacons proposed to him that he should receive this aid. He suggested that the two deacons themselves should be appointed to the new office. They consented. He asked them what they supposed to be the duties of the Ruling Elders. They replied that he knew better than they, and they would do what he said. " Well then," he answered, " I should like to have one of them come up to my house before meeting on Sunday, and get my horse out of the barn, and then saddle him, and bring him up to the door, and hold the stirrup while I get on. The other may wait at the church door and hold him while I get off ; then, after meeting, he may bring him up to the steps. This is all of my work I ever can consent to let the Ruling Elders do for me." The story adds that the office of Ruling • Elders in that church has remained vacant until the present day. I do not deny that some of our cler- ical fathers retained their office too long, but they re- tained it. On the whole tlieir long-enduring pastorates were more useful than the " stated supplies" of the present day. There is one method in which some of the New Eng- land clergy exerted an educating influence on their par- ishioners. They wrote logical sermons, and trained their MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 169 hearers to think. In the forenoon of the Sabbath they explained and proved a great doctrine ; in the afternoon they drew inferences from it and thus revealed the con- nection between one great truth and another. One of the most eminent of these ministers, when ninety years of age, was riding through a town adjoining that of his own residence, and was stopped by an utter stranger who proposed the question : " Why do not ministers now [in 1835] preach as ministers did when you were in active service?" The aged pastor asked: "Do not the modern ministers preach as their fathers did ? In what respect do they differ ?" The stranger replied : " The old ministers divided their afternoon sermons into differ- ent heads, each one beginning witji the words, ' if what has been said in this discourse be true, then it follows first — ' ; ' if what has been said in this discourse be true, then it follows, second — ' ; and so onward through several heads each one . depending on the foregoing ; but I hear no such discourses from ministers now." The venerable pastor replied: "There are two reasons for this change; one is that * the ministers of these days have not said anything ; the other is, that if they had said anything, nothing would follow from it." By discoursing on the fundamental principles of religion, — on the nature of law, of justice, of moral government, especially of the atonement, the ministers trained the lawyers and the statesmen of the community. Judge Sedgwick, Judge Story, Judge Shaw, Judge Metcalf in our own Com- monwealth, have acknowledged their intellectual in- debtedness to the sermons which they heard in their early days. It is said that those sermons were often above the comprehension of the hearers. It must be remembered, however, that in the olden time there was an intellectual aristocracy in many a rural town- ship where now there is none. A select circle, includ- ing several families of culture, gathered around the cler- gyman, and they did much in diffusing the influence of 170 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. his sermons among their less enlightened townsmen. Men learned that the truths of religion were linked with each other, and if one fell out a second and a third would fall out also ; that the whole system was to be preserved in its integrity, and that the welfare of the nation as well as of the church depended upon the truths of the gfcspel, all interlinked with each other. While I was listening, a few hours ago, to the in- structive words of the Pastor of this church, I was reminded of the fact that Jonathan Edwards was the teacher of i^oseph Bellamy, and that Joseph Bellamy was the teacher of Ephraim Judson, and that Ephraim Jud- son was the teacher of Jonathan Allen, and that Jona- than Allen was a defender of the identical system which was taught by Edwards and Bellamy. Parson Allen taught this identical system of truth to Deacon John Hasseltine of Bradford. Ann Hasseltine, a daughter of the excellent deacon, accepted the same system. She was an 'earnest reader of Dr. Bellamy's " True Re- ligion Delineated." The missionary Adoniram Judson was in his early life a firm adherent to the theology of Edwards, Bellamy and Hopkins. He was a nephew of Ephraim Judson the teacher of Pastor AUen. He was led by his theological sympathies, and also by the theological sympathies of his father. Rev. Adoniram Judson of Plymouth, to visit the parish of Mr. Allen and the family of Deacon Hasseltine. Adoniram and Ann were united in marriage. They gave an im- pulse to the missionary cause among the Congrega- tionalists of New England. Mr. Judson became a Baptist, and roused the missionary spirit among the Baptists of our country. In the providence of God he did more than perhaps any other man in awakening the great denomination of the Baptists to the enter- prise of converting the world. Thus a large part of the missionary enterprise in our land may be. traced back to the churches of Bradford, Sheffield, Bethlem, MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. I'JI and Northampton. The honored pastor of this church may well rejoice that the lines are fallen unto him in pleasant places, and he may well indulge the hope that the truth which he dispenses from Sabbath to Sabbath ■will continue to exert an influence long after he has been gathered to his clerical fathers. THE EELATIOU OP THE OHUEOH TO EAELT MISSION WOEZ. Address hj Eev. E. E. Alden, S. D., Sec. of A. B. 0. For. Missions.33 It is interesting in the study of Divine Providence to note what is caught, held, and made permanent in his- tory as related to person, time and place. Other poor women in Jerusalem had been accustomed to put smaU sums of money into the treasury of the temple ; but on a particular occasion, one woman dropping in her "two mites which make a farthing," even. " all her living," is doing it, unconsciously to herself, beneath the eye of Jesus Christ : and the act is taken by him and set up on high for all after ages in immortal honor. More than one woman has poured out the fulness of her heart's affection for her Lord in some special sacrificial service ; one woman did it at such a peculiar hour in the history of the Lord and in the history of his church, that when she broke the alabaster box of precious ointment and poured it upon his head, lo ! the fragrance of that oint- ment filled not only the whole house but the whole world,' and it has been told as "a memorial of her" for all succeeding generations. So it is with two names which will ever be associated together in the history of missions and in the history of Bradford Academy, and which are appropriately honored by a special mention at the two hundredth anniversary 172 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. of this First Church. Those were peculiar lines of Di- vine Providence which at a peculiarly eventful hour, met just here, associating this spot and this church with that broad department of the Kingdom of Christ which reaches around the world and constitutes the pre-eminent glory of the times in which we live. IVlore illustriously even than they do to-day will those two names shine forth in our spiritual firmament a hundred years hence, and another hundred and yet another beyond. Think of those two young girls as they were in their school-life in Bradford Academy in 1806, the elder but seventeen years of age, the younger but thirteen. Through what severe struggles are those youthful spirits passing, what momentous decisions are they forming, as at length they are brought into the light of the Lord, and confess him as their personal Savior, — one uniting with the church upon this side of the river, and the other a little later with that upon the "opposite, forever associating the churches upon the two sides of this historic river in a delightful missionary fellowship. It so happens — thus we sometimes maike mention of the great appointments of God, the significance of which may span the continents and reach down the ages — it so happens that four years after 1806, in the year 1810, the General Association pf Massachusetts holds its an- nual meeting with the First Church of Bradford, and that at that meeting four young men from the Divinity School at Andover present themselves with their grave statement and inquiries which they lay before their fa- thers in the ministry for their consideration and counsel. Upon that memorable Thursday afternoon the 28th of June when the young men present their memorial, it is not .a large number who are here assembled ; sixteen regular members from Massachusetts, two from Connec- ticut, one from New Hampshire, also Jonathan Allen, pastor of the church in Bradford, Morrison of London- derry, Enoch Hale of Westhampton, Spring and Dana of MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 1 73 Newburyport, and the four Divinity School professors, Pearson, Woods, Stuart and Porter, twenty-eight in all. Their officers are scholarly and able men. Rev. Mauas- seh Cutler, LL. D., of Hamilton, Moderator, Rev. Sam- uel Worcester, of Salem, Scribe, Rev. Thomas Siiell, of Brookfield, Assistant Scribe. It is a suggestive fact as to the spiritual atmosphere of the hour when this meeting was held, that the nar- rative of the state of religion, presented that same day, reports that " no period for sixty years past has been so distinguished for religious revivals in this part of Christ's vineyard or opened such a moving and animating scene" as the year under review. Of twelve hundred reported . accessions to the churches on confession of faith, six hundred were gathered in from seven rural towns in Worcester county and five hundred from Essex county. The paper- presented by the young men upon this in- teresting occasion is also exceedingly significant, in that they base their serious inquiries for counsel upon the more serious personal statement of their own convictions. The statement is in three counts : 1. "Their minds have long been impressed with the duty and importance of personally attempting a mission to the heathen." 2. "The impressions on their minds have induced a serious and, they trust, a prayerful consideration of the subject in its various attitudes, particularly in relation to the probable success and the difficulties attending such an attempt." 3. "After examining all the information which they can obtain, they consider themselves as devoted to this work for life, whenever God in his providence shall open the way." Then follow the four practical inquiries, whether with such views and feelings they ought to renounce the object of missions as either visionary or impracticable ; whether they ought to direct their attention to the East- ern or Western world ; whether they may expect sup- port from a Missionary Society in this country, or must commit themselves to the direction of a European So- 174 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. ciety, and what preparatory measures they ought to take previous to actual engagement. Of the four names subscribed to this document two stand forth prominently as worthy of special mention in~ the history we celebrate to-day, because these are the two which by Divine appointment are to be forever as- sociated with the two bright stars which shine above the churches upon the two sides of this river. It was be- cause the General Association of Massachusetts met with the First church of Bradford, June 27, 1810 ; that when the five young men stood up in the Tabernacle church at Salem to be ordained as the first missionaries of the American Board Feb. 6, 1812, there were present with them two young women who were to be known for all coming time as Ann Hasseltine Judson, and Harriet At- wood Newell. There are two lone graves upon the East- ern hemisphere, which we think of with S'pecial tender- ness to-day, where sleeps dust precious to all the people of God throughout the world. Missionaries from other lands have made pilgrimages to those sacred spots in or- der that kneeling there they might renew their own personal missionaiy consecration. One of them is on the coast of B urmah, at Rangoon ; the other is off the coast of Africa, on the Isle of France. They are the peculiar treasure of the associated churches of Bradford and Ha- verhill. Many are the honorable records which you have recounted in the interesting review of your past two hundred years. Never forget that your supreme honor is your identity through your missionary history with that great "gospel of the kingdom" which is moving on to the conquest of the world to Christ. Soon will the grass grow green above all our graves ; other centuries will roll on, and our names will be forgotten. But down the ages to the end of time those twin stars will shine above these churches on the opposite banks of this river, and those two names will never grow dim, Ann H. Judson and Harriet Newell. MEMORIAL HISTOBY OP BKADFOED. 175 It is related of the younger of these twain, who passed away at the age of nineteen years and one month, that npon the day before her death she partook of the sym- bols of the sacrament, and then uttered these words, "I have had it in my heart to do what I can for the heathen, and I hope God will accept me." How marvellously has the significance of this sentence, as illustrated in her world-wide influence, unfolded during the past three score j^ears and ten I God grant to each one of us, be our years few or many, that with the same sincerity, and with the same consciousness of personal consecra- tion to the proclamation of Christ among all nations, we may be able to utter the same words I SABBATH SOHOOL ¥OEK. Address by Harrison B. Ohadwick, A. Mi The first Sunday School in Bradford was organized on the second Sabbath in May, 1814. The place was the "Old Red School House," one of those unpretending struc- tures which have so often been prominent in New Eng- land history, whence have proceeded many of the in- fluences of religion and patriotism so potent in our gov- ernment, and which from the prevailing fashion of the times, were always painted red, when painted at all. At that time this was the only school house in the cen- tral part of Bradford, the village. In 1832 the brick school-house was built on the opposite side of Main street, and this old structure was enlarged and made into the dwelling-house now owned and occupied by Mr. Francis Croston. About thirty children were gathered at this first Sunday school at the close of the afternoon ser- vice. The person who was foremost in the organization 176 MEMORIAL HISTOKY OP BEADPORD. of this school was Miss Mary Hasseltine, elder sister of Miss Abigail C. Hasseltine, afterwards Principal of Brad- ford Academy. One of her assistants was Miss Char- lotte Gage, daughter of Mr. Peter Gage, living at the west end of the town, on the road to the ferry at the junction of the Cross road. She afterwards became the wife of Rev. William Gould, who was settled in Fair- haven, Mass. Another assistant teacher was Miss Lydia Kimball, daughter of Ja.mes Kimball, sister of Dea. Jesse Kimball, afterwards the wife of Dea. Eliphalet Kim- ball, of Boston. These are all the persons whose names are mentioned in connection with this beginning of the Sunday school. Nothing of record appears for a long time in regard to the school. Rev. Ira Ingraham at the time of his installa- tion in 1824 took a great interest in the Sunday school and was at times its superintendent. This is stated from the memory of elderly people. When Mr. Ingraham was dismissed in April, 1830, Dea. William Day was the superintendent, and continued uhtU. the settlement of Rev. Mr. Hoadley in October following. During the pastorate of Mr. Hoadley and Mr. Searl, Dea. William Day and Mr. Isaac Morse were superintendents, and Mr. Benjamin Greenleaf probably a portion of the time when the Sunday school was held in the old Academy, about 1834. The number of scholars at that time was something more than one hundred. During this period the prominent lady teacher was Miss Sarah KimbaU, the daughter of Mr. Moses Kimball. The first Sunday school concert of which I can gain information was in the old meeting-house on the com- mon. The children "were there to recite verses and the catechism and listen to long speeches and hear their el- ders sing hymns to the tunes of Dundee, St. Anns, Pe- terboro', &c., and keep still." There is also the recol- lection of the school's being in the old Academy as early as 1818 to 1820 with about 50 scholars. The reports MEMORIAL HISTORY OP BRADFORD. I77 of the American Sunday School Union at Philadelphia began in 1825, and from that time until 1829 Bradford was the only place in all New England that reported a Sunday School, except some of the New England Col- leges. From this fact we may know that our church was much interested in its Sunday School. The Mass. Sabbath School Society was formed in 1833, and our school made a report the next year, and until 1846. Since the year 1850 the reports have been made to the Mass. Gen- eral Conference. Perhaps some statistics from these re- poi'ts will give us as good an idea of the school as we can have. The Bradford Sunday School is mentioned in the report of the Mass. Sabbath School Society for 1834. It was then the West Bradford School : 80 teachers, 176 scholars, 300 vols, in library. The concert and teachers meetings were observed. In 1885 two schools were reported by Bradford West. Mr. William Day, Jr. and Isaac Morse, supts. : 28 teach- ers, 158 scholars, 21 over 14 years of age, showing that but few adults were then enrolled as members. In 1836, Isaac Morse, supt., 28 teachers, 151 scholars, 65 over 18 years of age, 300 vols. In 1837, 22 teachers, 155 scholars, 200 vols. In 1838, Dea. Jesse Kimball, supt., 24 teachers, 208 scholars, 78 over 18 years, and 200 vols* In 1889, 27 teachers, 169 scholars, average attendance 120, 35 over 18, 19 conversions, 7 of them baptized in infancy. In 1840, 25 teachers, 175 scholars, average 125, 40 over 18, 2 conversions. The teachers' meeting and con- cert were observed and collections taken for benevolent objects. In 1841, there were reports to the Mass. Sabbath School Society from only four schools. More than twen- ty should have reported, which seems a small number. Bradford made no report that year. In 1842, Bradford First Parish reported 25 teachers, 178 MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BKADPOKD. 175 scholars, average 125, 4 conversions, 225 vols. Dea. Daniel Fitts, Supt. The report says, " There has been an increase in numbers and interest in the school the past year. The monthly concert has been better at- tended by parents, teachers and scholars than in pre vious years." This is the only instance where the Report gives anything from Bradford but statistics. This year reports Miss Sarah Kimball as being made a life mem- ber of the Mass. S. S. Society. This is the only person up to this date of Bradford. In 1846, which was the last report from Bradford, 17 teachers, 109 scholars, average 84, 18 over 18 years, I conversion, 172 vols. The society gave up sending out blanks for the statistical reports in 1850. Life members reported in 1867, Rev. Nathan Munroe, Dea. William Day, Isaac Morse, Miss Sarah Kimball, Daniel B. Kimball, Rev. J. T. McOoUom. I have not a list of other life members. May 5, 1850. Mr. John P. Montgomery was chosen Supt., Mr. Henry Hill, Asst. Supt., Mr. George Gage, Librarian, and Mr. John G. IngersoU, Secretary. There were then from 150 to 175 scholars, and 30 to 35 teach- ers during the year. The next year, 1851, Mr. Montgomery was Supt., and Dea. Wm. Day, Asst., Samuel W. Hopkinson, Librarian, and William B. Kimball, Assist. Librarian, John G. IngersoU, Secretary. The number of teachers and schol- ars about the same. May 2, 1862. Mr. George Johnson was chosen Supt., Dea. William Day, Assist., Isaac N. Carleton, Librarian, William M. Hall, Assist., Samuel W- Hopkinson, Secre- tary. The number of teachers and scholars about the . same. Mr. George Johnson, the Superintendent, offered a bible to each scholar who would learn and repeat the Westminster Catechism. Quite an interest was thus excited, several scholars receiving bibles for this work. From the record which is quite complete for this period, MEMORIAL HISTOBT OF BRADFORD. 1 79 it appears that the school was in a very prosperous conditiou. July 17, 1859. There is recorded this : f It was then voted unanimously that we have a meeting of the teach- ers once every month, Saturday evening, to adopt such measures as seemeth good for the school, and that the first meeting be held at Mr. L. Johnson's Saturday even- ing previous to monthly concert." During the super- intendence of Mr. Luther Johnson a mutual class of elderly ladies was formed. The school has seemed to have a very even and progressive course under the su- pervision of the several superintendents during these years, who have left a record of faithful labor. During the superintendence of Mr. Laburton Johnson, which continued nearly nine years, from 1865 to 1874, a great impetus was given to the school by the increased attention given to music. He himself being able to lead it was comparatively easy to conduct this part of the ex- ercises. New books and tunes were introduced with good effect. During this time music was introduced as a regu- lar exercise into the public schools. Thus the singing in the Sunday School had the benefit of the public instruction. The year 1867 under the superintendence of Mr. La- burton Johnson, was one of great interest and prosperi- ty. The whole number connected with the school 398, average 212. Contributions for the year, including the west school, $390,52. Of this amount there was given to Freedman's Sabbath School at Newburn, N, C, $12 00 Mass. Sabbath School Society, 30 00 A Western Sabbath School Worker, 55 00 $67 00 The balance was expended to defray the expenses of the school and for homb charities. In 1868, whole number 412, average 212, contributions, $323 18 Given for benevolent objects, 142 27 Balance for home purposes, $180 91 In 1869, whole number, 423, average 236, contributions, $398 90 Given to a Missionary, 10 00 This balance amounting to $388 90 l8o MEMORIAL HISTORY OP BRADFORD. was used to buy an organ for the use of the school, regular expenses, and to pay the expense of a barge to bring in scholars from the east part of the town. In 1870, whole number 340, average 218, given to Little Wander- ers' Home in Boston, $60 00 A. B. C. F. M. for school in India, 60 00 Other benevolent objects, ^ 22 00 Balance for home purposes, $142 00 In 1871, whole 384, average 220, contributions, $331 72 Given to American S. S. Union, 27 00 Given for building in Chicago, 133 00 100 00 Balance for home purposes, $17172 January 22, 1874, a change was made in the time of electing the officers of the Sunday School from May to January, the election being now by the church at the annual meeting and not by the Sunday School as for- merly. At this time Dea. A. L. Kimball was chosen Superintendent, John L. Stanley, Assist. Supt.,' Edwin C. Kimball, Clerk and Treas., No well F. Sawyer, Li- brarian. The teachers' meeting under charge of the Pas- tor was resumed, having been neglected at times. Mr. Kimball continued in office four years. The school was uniformly prosperous under his charge. At the annual church meeting January 7, 1878, the following officers were elected for the Sunday School : Mr. D. Freeman Towne, Superintendent, Dr. William Cogswell, Assist. Supt., Nowell F. Sawyer, Librarian, Albert L. Kimball, Clerk and Treas. The school was in a prosperous condition, with a membership of 280, number of classes 34, and an average of 170 scholars. In January, 1880, the school removed from the church to the new chapel, where its sessions are now held, having admirable accommodations. The oldest classes occupy the Ladies' Parlor, the adult portion the large chapel and the youngest the small one. The change to more suitable accommodations soon had the effect to increase the number of scholars, the whole number being MEMOEIAL HISTOEY OV BBADFOBD. l8l 325, average 204. New singing books, the Hymnal, 240, were bought from the weekly contributions for the use of the school. Total amount of contributions during the three years of Mr.'Towne's superintendence was $550 00. The officers of the school at the present time are : Ar- thur H. Hall, Superintendent, Benj. G. Perry, Asst. Supt., Charles G. Johnson, Clerk and Treas., Nowell F. Sawyer, Librarian, Miss Mary E. Webster, Musical Directress. The Sabbath School at the present time, Dec. 1 , 1882, consists of 446 pupils and teachers, 39 classes, 249 schol- ars over 18 years old, and 138 over 30 years. The con- tributions for 1881 were 1276 97. Benevolent contribu- tions as follows : American Indians, $30 00, Cong. Pub. Society, $43 00, A. B. G. F. M., $80 00. The school supports two students and pays for their education at Pasamalie, Madura India. A record has been kept dur- ing Mr. Hall's administration of the attendance of each member of the school each Sabbath, those who have the best record receiving mention at the end of the year. During 1882 the school purchased three large maps of Palestine, Egypt and Asia Minor at an expense of $40 00. From the best information within our reach it is estimated that the aggregate contributions of the school have been not far from ($20,000) twenty thou- sand dollars, including the library, though this may be too high as the records are so imperfect it is impossible to tell in many years. The library in 1834 had 300 volumes. New books have been added as the wants of the school required. The last addition was in 1879 when $200 00 was expended and about 200 volumes added. The present library contains 800 volumes. NAMES OP SUPERINTENDENTS. CoDimencing. Ending. 1814, Miss Mary Hasseltine, 1824, Eev. Ira Ingraham, 1830, Dea. Wm. Day, 1833 1833, Benjamin Greeuleaf, 1834, Isaac Morse, 1836 l82 MEMORIAL HISTOEY OP BKADPOBD. 1838, Dea. Jesse Kimball, 1842, Dea. Daniel Fitts, William Hall, 1845, "William P. Johnson, Daniel B. Kimball, 1847 May 5, 1850, John P. Montgomery, 1852 May 2, 1852, George Johnson, 18.^4 1854, Luther Johnson, 1856 1856, Dea. S. L. B. Speare, 1860 May n. 1860, Dea. Nathaniel Hatch, 1861 June, 1861, Warren Ordway, 1865 April 16, 1865, Laburton Johnson, 1874 Jan. 22, 1874, Dea. Albert L. Kimball, 1878 Jan. 1, 1878, D. Freeman Towae, 1881 Jan. 13, 1881, Arthur H. Hall (now in ofiSce). EAST SCHOOL. There have been occasional Sunday Schools at the school house in former years, but not a" regularly organ- ized school until 1879. In this year Mr. Orestes West was the Superintendent. Teachers from this village went with him to the school house. There were at times about 3.0 scholars. It continued for about three years and was given up. The school had diminished in numbers to such an extent it was thought best to close it for the present. "WEST SCHOOL. We have knowledge of a Sunday School in the west part of the town as far back as 1835, which seems to have been intermittent for several years, having sessions in the summer and more favorable parts of the year. Dea. Wm. Day was the Superintendent. Mr. Isaac Carleton, Mr. Joseph Hall, Miss Lydia Carleton, Miss Betsey Hall, Miss Louise Carleton, Miss Mary Carleton, Misses Mary and Priscilla Gage were teachers in those years. Afterwards in September, 1861, it became a reg- ularly organized and permanent school continuing to the present time. Mr. A. L. Kimball acted as Superintend- MEMORIAL HISTORY OP BRADFORD. 183 ent for a short time. There were then twenty scholars. Mr. William Hilton was the Superintendent until 1864, when he was succeeded by Mr. Jacob Gale, who con- tinued in office nine years, until 1873. In 1867, the number in this school had increased to 100, averaging 73. In 1868, whole number 90, average 80. In 1869, whole number 130, average 101. In 1870, whole number 145, average 95. John L. Stanley, Eugene W. Day, William R. Adams, Harlon P. Waldo, and Samuel Driver, have been Su- perintendents. The present Superintendent is Mr. Geo. F. Bradstreet. The school is in a very prosperous con- dition. The tenth and twentieth anniversaries of its permanent organization were observed by appropriate exercises. The number of deaths of persons connected with it since 1861, has been 23, and about 30 have united with the church. There is a well-selected libra- ry belonging to the school. This school during the last twenty years has filled a very important place in the religious instruction of the young, as well as older per- sons who would be otherwise deprived of these privi- leges owing to their distance from the central school. In connection with this school at its close there is held a religious service largely attended by people in the vi- cinity, participated in by the Pastor and many mem- bers of the church. EEMINISOENOES AND INOIDElirTS. Address by H. I. Ordway, A. M. Mr. President, and Ladies and Crentlemen : You will hardly expect me to appear before you to- day to indulge in reminiscences of Old Bradford, and as none of my ancestors dwelt here, my only excuse for 184 MEMORIAL HISTORY OP BEADPOED. occupying a portion of your time must be my own great interest in the subject, and the fact that I . have recently noticed several papers containing references to the early tistory of the town which may not be familiar to you all. We have heard to-day of the pleasant relations which have existed between the churches of Haverhill and Bradford, but before these churches were formed there was some dissension between the people interested in the two places. Nathaniel Ward, father of the first minister of Haverhill, and himself interested in its set- tlement, wrote to Gov. Winthrop, the same year that the settlement was made, as follows : " Our neighbour towns are much greiued to see the lauish liberality of the Court in giving away the countrye. Some honest men of our towne affirme that in their knowledge there are 68 towns in England within as litle compa?se as the bounds of Ipswich : I knowe neere 40 where I dwelt: Rowly is larger than Ipswich, 9 or 10 miles longe & will have other planta- tions within it, tributaries to it, & intend, as we heare, to stretch their wings much further yet, will spoile & Qutohioqute vtterly, if not Pen- tucket. We earnestly pray you to prevent it." This seems to be the first mention made in history of annexation, but it was the annexation, of Haverhill to Bradford, which was threatened then. Mr. Ezekiel Rogers, minister of Rowley, representing the Bradford side of the river, kept himself well in- formed as to what was going on, and wrote to Gov. Winthrop : " Sir, there is one thing that is a newe trouble to vs ; though the Court doe giue vs but three miles of the eight, that we go into the country, yet we he heare that some woulde take somewhat of from that. It seemeth they thinke vs very vnworthy neighbours." • Thus the relations between the two places were rather unfriendly before the churches appeared, but they have been so pleasant ever since that I think this harmony must be attributed to the churches' infiuence. There is another letter of Mr. Rogers' which is interest- ing as showing the estimation in which he held that part of his town now called Bradford. He writes to Winthrop : " You best know how oft we expressed ourselves & how plainly, con- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 18$ cerning our desired bounds)) as Ipsw. Riuer & Merimack : without which we woulde vpoij no termes accept of a Plantation here. Ipswich men desir- ing our neighbourhood coulde shewe vs little desireable here (except we purchased it at a deare rate), but the name of Merimack & some consider- able places there, as a neck of land & the like • * * * whereupon I wrote many letters to my friends in England, wherin I tolde them precisely of our bounds ; & the sound of Merimack we made not a little Tse of." But, coming down to more modern times, you all remember the famous " Boston Tea Party," where the patriots of Boston threw the tea overboard into the harbor rather than pay an unjust tax upon it. The re- sult of this act of rebellion as we may call it, was the passage by the English Government of the Boston Port Bill, which closed the town's harbor, suspended its trade, and cut off all water communication with the rest of the world. This of course was a serious blow to a commercial town like Boston, and it caused great hard- ship and suffering. In the depth of their poverty and distress, the people appointed a committee to receive the aid which was freely offered from the surrounding towns, and even from distant parts of the land. I have here a copy of the letter sent by the town of Brad- ford with their contributions to this committee. The letter shows in an interesting manner, both the religious sentiment and the unselfish patriotism of our ancestors, and also the early beginning of that industry which has contributed so largely to the prosperity of Bradford in the past. The eastern towns sent with their money, contributions of lumber and firewood; other Massachu- setts towns sent sheep, cattle, and provisions ; from Pennsylvania came iron ; from the south came rice ; but Bradford, among the few towns contributing manufactured articles, sent shoes. The letter is dated seven weeks before the battle of Lexington, and more than a year be- fore the Declaration of Independence. It is as follows : " Bradford, 3 March, 1775. To the Committee of Donations, Gentlemen : We the subscribers being chosen by the town of Bradford to make some collections for our suffering brethren of the Town of Boston, and consider- l86 MEMOBIAL HISTOET OP BEADFOED. ing it our interest as well as our duty to promote the public cause of free- dom against those that would enslave us. we have cheerfully accepted of the employment, and do herewith transmit the same bj our trusty friend Mr. Phineas Carleton, being the small sum of £19.4.5 in cash, together with 34 pair shoes, at the same time earnestly wishing that the spirit of benevo- lence that runs through the continent may keep pace with the sufferings of our distressed brethren, until He who hears the crys of the oppressed shall be pleased to deliver an afflicted people. Prom your most humble servants, Abrahau Parker, Thos. Morse, Obasiah Kimball." One other subject which I wish to speak of is the derivation of the name of our town. Those of you who have visited the ancient town of Rowley will per- haps remember that the country highway entering the town from the south is called Bradford Street. This is the old original street as it was laid out by the first inhabitants, and from them it received its name. Among those whose house lots fell upon the street were five families named Chaplin, Palmer, Smith, Dickenson and Jewett, who came, according to tradition or better evi- dence, from Bradford in Yorkshire, England. This of course accounts for the name of the street, and when we find these five families among the original proprie- tors of the territory of Bradford, we need look no fai-- ther for the derivation of the name. Wishing to ascertain the origin of these early owners of Bradford, I wrote, a short time ago, to the town clerk of Brad- ford, England, to see what light he could throw upon the subject. His very polite answer, received a few days ago, I will read: " Town Clerks Officb, Town Hall, ) Bradford, 30th Nov., 1882. J Dear Sir ■. — You did quite right in asking me for any information con- nected with this town which it was deemed likely I could supply and I need scarcely say that it will at all times afford me great pleasure to as- sist friends on the other side of the Atlantic on any subject connected with the Old Country in which they feel interested and especially friends who are founders of a young Bradford. It occurred to me that the best course would be to apply to the Chair- MEMORIA.Ii HISTORY OF BRADPOBD. 1 87 man of the Bradford Antiquarian Society here on the matter as the an- cient records of the Pariah church are not in very good order and as the Chairman has peculiar facilities at his command. He has devoted a good deal of attention to your inquiries but cannot dis- cover much on the point. I think however you will prefer ^o see his own report and I have therefore the pleasure of enclosing a copy of it. With best wishes towards yourself and the other members of the new community for whom you are acting. I remain Yours faithfully W. T. McGowBN. Herbert I. Ordwat, Esq., 60 Franklin St., Boston, Mass., America. Copy of Mr. Empsall's Report upon inquiries of Mr. Ordway of New Brad- ford, America. 32 Ashgrove, Nov. 29, 1883. Bear Sir : — Having examined carefully the Bradford and also the Cal- verley Parish Registers for information respecting the persons, named in Mr. Ordway's letter, I have to report results much less important than might be anticipated. The persons named by Mr. Ordway are, Hugh Chaplin, Thomas Palmer, Thomas Dickenson, Hugh Smith, Joseph Jewett, Maximilian Jewett. With regard to the first two, no such surnames occur at all in either Reg- ister up to 1650 nor I believe for a considerable time after that date. The name Dickenson occurs occasionally in the early Registers, but no Thomas Dickenson. The first of this name I have met with is a Robert Dickenson in 1616 in the marriage list. The Smiths are not near so com- mon in the Register up to 1650 a^ might be expected, not above two a year I believe appearing up to that date. And the christian name " Hugh" rarely occurs. The only Smith bearing it, turns up in the Burial Regis- ter of Bradford of 1651 as follows : " May 29. Hugh Smith, Frissinghall" (Nr, Bradford). Can this per- son be at all connected with the one in question ? Hugh was, as I have observed, a rare and peculiar Christian name, adopted and preserved in very isolated families. Hence I suspect the gentleman named in the Regis- ter must have been some relation to the Hugh inquired about, perhaps his father. But if so it is surprising that none of his children appear on the Registers. Possibly it was the gentleman himself who had returned from the West to die at Home. With respect to the Jewetts (or Jowetts as they are frequently entered in all the Registers) I find that Maximilian Jewett was baptized at Bradford Church Oct. 4th, 1607, and Joseph his brother on the 31st Oct., 1609. Their father was Edward Jewett first of Eccleshill then of Bradford and had many other children. I very much regret that I cannot supply better or more copious inform- 1 88 MEMORIAL HISTOKY OF BEADFOED. ation agreeable to the very laudable wishes of Mr. Ordway, but I am afraid there is nothing more in existence hereabouts. Only I ought to say that with respect to Chaplin and Palmer it is possible something might be learnt about them from more southern Registers, Derbyshire and Notting- hamshire very likely. But I will bear them in mind in future searches. In conclusion let me remark that I am as pleased as surprised to hear of Bradford youth in that very early time so enterprising as to make the then long and hazardous voj'age to the New World in search of a more agreeable' home And if the scrap of information herein supplied respecting them, should be of any service to Mr. Ordway, any further notes on the lives of these persons that Mr. 0. or any one else can supply respecting them in America, will be ample compensation to me, I am Dear Sir Yours truly Thomas I. Eufsall. "W. T. McGowBN, Esq., Town Hall, Bradford. It appears then from this evidence that Maximilian and Joseph Jewett, and perhaps others among the fathers of our town, came from Bradford, England. Joseph Jew- ett owned at one time nearly one thousand acres of land in Bradford, and his son-in-law, Shubal Walker, was a very prominent man, captain in the militia, and our first town clerk. For a few years the town was called Merrimack, but in 1673, the people, doubtless influenced by their town clerk, voted to name it Bradford. Robert Haseltine, another prominent man, and son of one of the first settlers, was the son-in-law of Maxmilian Jewett. I should much prefer to derive the name of this town from the great Pilgrim Governor, William Bradford, but with my present information, it seems to me neces- sary to attribute it to Old Bradford, England, the early ' home of some of our ancestors. Address by Dea. ■William Day. The venerable Dea. William Day responded as follows : I should be happy to make a few remarks on this occasion, but I fear they will be very desultory. I sup- MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BRADFORD. 189 pose the audience ■would think it strange that a man almost one hundred years old should have nothing to say. I feel happy in seeing these faces about me. I look around with feelings of happiness in seeing my friends and recent acquaintances, but there is a sombre feeling as well in missing here so many of those fea- tures which have been familiar to me in years gone by. These vacant places suggest serious reflection, but they are profitable ones also, as training one's thoughts and attention to that which certainly must come, as surely as 200 years have come to the organization of the church. Certainly, certainly, it must come to us all at last. I tried to put a few thoughts of mine on paper, but it would not do, and I flung my manuscript aside, and have a word or two to recall from the book of memory. Standing here before you, the oldest man but one in town, and the oldest present at the anniversary of this church, I can say that I am thankful to be here, for I have long wished to see this day. I am not the elastic young man I was in 1827, when I joined this church. Very different, very different indeed ; but, sir, I have reason to be grateful for the continuance of my life and memory. My associations with the church have been most pleasant and agreeable. Our fathers who are now gone were not only patriofic, but they were in sympa- thy with the real principles of religion, and they were sensible that there must be a development of that prin- ciple to make society happy and to prepare themselves for their exit. I feel very much interested in this meet- ing. If I had time I would say a word or two on the subject matter that has been discussed here today. These memorial meetings were observed in Bible times as well as now. Moses was ordered by the Lord to remember- and commemorate the departure of Israel. These days are the stepping-stones of eternity. As we stop here today to celebrate this occasion, we realize more closely that the object of our church is to prepare ipO MEMORIAL HISTORY OP BRADFORD. souls for the future. What has been said here today- has recalled many things to ray mind, but I will take up your time no longer, my brethen. Address by Hon, George Oogswell. Mr. President : We have been in session almost six hours, and no word spoken on this interesting occasion has escaped my notice. I had intended to have connected my native town, Atkinson, with my adopted town, Bradford, by the connection of the Rev. Stephen Peabody, the hun- dredth anniversary of whose settlement I attended a few years since, with the Hasseltine family of this town. Mr. Peabody's first wife was a sister of Dea. John Has- seltine, and the second wife the widow of the Rev. Mr. Shaw, of Haverhill, and a sister of the wife of Presi- dent John Adams. And also, I had intended to relate some historical facts connecting these families and our Rev. Mr. Allen with Bradford Academy, but time for- bids, only twenty minutes remain, and several are yet to address us. I will only say that fifty-two years since I, at twenty-two years of age, commenced the practice of medicine and surgery in this town, August twenty- third, on Tuesday. The next day, or the next, not being overburdened with practice, I, as a first duty, engaged a seat in the meeting house and retained it till we built a new house when the choice of pews was sold at auction and I had my first choice. From that time to this I have been devoted to the parish and church, have had no quarrels with my minister, neither do I intend to have, but I have endeavored to promote the interest of all according to the wisdom God has given me. I will take this opportunity to say that I did not wait to haye any one ask me to go to church or shew me a seat. I thank my Heavenly Father that I was brought '"/yW^-^'^lr-^AMyy zM^ MEMORIAL HISTOKY OP BEADFOBD, I9I up to go to church, and that it was my personal duty to hunt up a church myself rather than stay at home because somebody did not hunt one up for me. And I here acknowledge that this parish and church have been of great comfort to me, that my relations to both have always been the most cordial ; and I not only desire but am determined they shall so continue through the re- mainder of my life. I feel thankful for a long line of ancestors who have believed in something, in the God of the Bible. For one I do not intend to depart from the traditions of my fathers till I find something better. -Let me say that in the bosom of this church I find a rest, a peace, a joy. And I have a great satisfaction in knowing at the commencement of the Tri-Centennial of this church and parish that all its financial conditions are perfect, and that the relations between minister and people are not only cordial but loving. Grod grant that the close of the century upon which we have this day entered may find this church and people happy and united in " &very good and perfect work " as its com- mencement foreshadows. THE BUSINESS OF BEADPOED. Address by Warren Ordway. Bradford was originally a part of the Indian territory of Pentucket, and subsequently was included in the town of Rowley. It was an inland town and surrounded by towns of older growth, some of whose citizens be- came eminent in public affairs bofh in the state and nation. This left the people of Bradford free to pursue the even tesnor of their way in cultivating their, land and in teaching their children the principles of morality and piety which has been a prominent feature in the history of the town, which is shown in the exhaustive and eloquent address to which we have listened today. 192 MEMORIAL HISTORY OI" BRADFORD. The people of Bradford were among the first to intro- duce various mechanical industries, especially the manu- facture of boots and shoes. They sold them to the large towns of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine. They were packed in saddle bags and carried to market on horseback. Bradford continued to lead in this bus- iness, and her goods were sold into every state in the Union until the railroad came to Haverhill when the business men of Bradford carried their business there, where it has remained to the present time. Horn combs, potters' ware, carriages and leather were made here in former times, but they are gon& now. There was a grist mill and also a fulling mill and dye house upon the lit- tle stream the outlet to Jonson's pond, now in 'Grove- land, and which under the practical manipulation of the late Hon E. J. M. Hale afforded ample water power for three large woollen factories which he built upon the same. Since the division of the town the population of Bradford has more than doubled, and the superior facil- ities which. are offered here for business purposes in con- nection with the river and the railroad are beginning to attract the attention of business men. There are already established upon the bank between the river and the railroad a large hat factory, an extensive coal and lumber yard, a marble and stone yard, run by steam power, and arrangements are now being made for a steam mUl and elevator which will probably be in oper- ation during the coming summer. Also the foundation is being laid for a large paper mill in which some of the capitalists and business men of Haverhill are interested. There are other similar localities unoccupied, that will probably soon be taken up. Bradford still sustains its su- premacy in northern Massachusetts as a quiet place of res- idence with superior educational advantages, and free from the objectionable characteristics of a large city. Interesting addresses were made by Gen. Wm. Cogswell of Salem, Wm. B. Kimball, Esq., of Bradford, and others. pirst .j^fjL- TJ I : ■'■"^'viV ■ |,!'' ';'| ■j^S/-^'w I ME -w-aaJ^MBft^^'^ffiBSjy^' >t»^ b 1 '^ ■^a-'Wi' • ' '"IP 1 ■- "'■ r^^^^'" f^ , - ""- 1 ^ ; l7^ '^j*^|^^y. ?• : : .;' 1 ■-■';•' if "vWmp* fSmms^ luFl nnmi; ^' F .^r "5 ^n^ ' i' nW^l : "-.-::'-' ,:■■■ -'-'^ t " ' , I^P^ ' ' -I NHIi 1 1 iLMEnHunn H > 2 11'' '" ifilflHl^^lfflP' ^' 1 II 1 j 1 \,:M 1^^^* III i 1 ,'iJmm f ' ^t' ' i III 1 wm i^' ^ llv , i l..^i ^d' lli'jia 1 Villi ^'liMiiLiiiwIli ^i/J i 11 1879 642.56 1880 ■ • • 985.15 188] 1,000.00 1882 2,016.57 1883 1,719 49 1884 1.261.96 1885 3,6ia.64r 1886. 1,360.24 1887 1,301.00 1888 2,633.00 1889 • ■ 1,216.00 1890 1,261. 5» ~ 134,101.84 Add Amount raised by Relief Society .... , 1,350.00 36,451 84 There have been other matters of expenditure which should be mentioned. In 1874 under the inspiration of the women of the parish, who had gathered a goodly sum of money, a new organ was purchased at a cost, including necessary repairs, of $3,890.46. Other expense has been laid out on the church building in slating, heating, ventilating, and lighting, and refrescoing it, costing not less than $3,450. The church had long felt the need of better accommodations for the Sab- bath School, and for the devotional meetings. Plans were carefully made in harmony with the architecture of the church edifice, and the beautiful chapel was completed and dedicated on the twenty-third of November, 1879, at a cost, including furnishing, of $5,000. In 1882 the general repairs were made on the house of worship costing $2,500, and to this sum should be added the generous gift of a valuable carpet for the church, by Geokge W. A. Williams, of Boston, whose kindness and generosity had already endeared him to this people as a personal friend. In 1886 the ladies of the church 12 had gathered a large sum to build a parsonage, and the house was completed towards the close of that year, costing $6,300. Other expenses in grading and sewerage and heating have been provided for since 1886 amounting to $600. This record would not be complete without mentioning the sums raised by the Home and Foreign missionary Societies, and the earnest youthful members of the Bee Hive Society ; But these sums are in- cluded in the table of Benevolence given above. The Relief Society deserves special mention for the ministry it has i-endered to the sick and the poor. The amount which ha.s been raised by this society during the nine years of its existence is in the aggregate of $1,350. SUMMARY. Benevolent Contributions , . . $85,451.84 Thanksgiving offering 1,375.0,0 Pjxpense of enlargements . . . 22,290.46 $59,117.30 I ought to add to the matter of finance .that the people have dealt with the pastor most liberally — making often such generous gifts as to lay him under largest obligations of loving service — and for twenty years I have never asked the treasurer for money ; and once, when weary and faltering, you lifted me from the labor of the pulpit and sent me away to the Green hills for rest ; and when, after months of recreation among the mountains, and by the brooks and rivers and the lake, I was just ready to return, I received the loving command to take orje more month among my native hills — and that added month was worth more tjian all the rest. SPIRITUAL GROWTH. I pass to the more important record which touches the spiritual life. We wish to bring to mind some of those more marked ministries of our Lord to us in his gospel, and note the changes it has wrought in life and thought and purpose. 13 Tte annual meeting on the day after tlie first sacrament of tlie year, alwaj'S brings a time of refreshing. It was specially so in 1867. There was great delight in prayer. Three groups of women met ■every week for pra}'«r. The young men came together for mutual «onferefice and prayer, and went about their daily work with the ipurpose to find opportunity for personal influence over others. It was oiganized activity, simple, unostentatious, but powerful. The ■church became aggressive ; men had the courage to speak to their friends of religion as a matter of infinite importance. Religion lost all its odium, every man was a neighbor. The young men came to the pastor in flocks. They kneeled in prayer and prayed all round the circle. It was delightful to see how readily and how joyously they gave their hearts to the Lord in love, and then began the life of obedience. The work of the church became their own ; the pastor was only their leader ; they listened to every scripture for the purpose of gaining instruction in duty ; they preached over every sermon to their schoolmates, in the shops and by the wayside. There was a constant expectation of results ; the invitations to christian fellow- ship and privilege were so constant that no one was neglected or overlooked. The pastor overheard some of the young men invite a companion to a meeting for religious conversation ; the young man replied that he "would not go," and gave as a reason that the " pastor did not care for one like him." Immediately the young men gathered about him with an eagerness and a look of authority of such a positive kind that it seemed as if they intended to punish the poor culprit, using violence. They soon left him with gentle loving words of invitation to "come with us," but added with a tone of authori' tative persuasion, " Be careful that you never speak of the pastor in that way again, for he is the best friend you have in town." There were two groups of young men ; one was made up of those who had crossed the threshold of manhood, and had taken the respon- sibilities of life. Their private meeting was a source of power. It developed some new labor or experience every week. When they 14 separated from each other they " went everywhere preaching the word." The other group was made up of young boys and older ones in the flush of youth ; the early purpose was forming in their hearts. They made daily progress in knowledge and in faith. They became strong in christian confidence. At first they testified in the prayer meeting, then they prayed, and soon they were so led by ttie spirit that their words were instructive and inspiring. Many of those young men, today, occupy places of great responsibility. Some of them were re- strained from joining the church — none of them fell away into diso- bedient lives — they are what they are, by i-eason of that eai'ly purpose to devote themselves to God and his truth. The young women came also in joyful company. They were greatly aided by the sabbath school teachers . Some of those teachers regarded themselves as personally responsible for the conversion of every one in the class. They brought them singly and in groups to the pastor. Some of those faithful women have entered into their rest. One of these passed through the gate of fearful suffering to that home beyond ; modest, humble, always doubting herself, and fearful that she was trying to do what some other one could do far better, but always trustful in her Lord and always in his service. Her life had large results, she did " what she could," and on the day of her burial the sentiment was in all our hearts. " Her funeral anthem is a glad evangel." That year was marked also b}', a work of grace among the people of all ages. Men and women, fathers and mothers, joined with the youth in the search for the new life. Religion was the theme of common conversation, church members were fully awake. The utterance of christian experience was intelligent, and christian life was an example of true piety. The appetite was strong for good texts, but the favorite topic in song and prayer was th& free gift of the grace of God. Often when 15 strong men spoke with deep feeling and the spirit of prayer filled all hearts, the voice of John Lovkjoy, beloved brother, led our willing voices in the simple words, " Today the Saviour calls, Ye wanderers come." Then brother Towle spoke, and he was a flame of holy fire ; his theme was love, and our senior deacon, William Day, gave earnest words which magnified the grace of God, and he was followed by the youthful converts who told of penitence and love and joy in God, and then we sang the hymn of Wesley, " Depth of mercy can there be, Mercy still reserved for me?" Repeating the soft refrain, " God is love, I know, I feel, Jesus weeps and loves me still. The whole town was moved ; the old "Red" school house was hal- lowed by praise and confession and prayer, aged men and little children sought the Lord together, and spoke one language. There was lively faith. The pastor was called in to pray for an absent friend. Ihe next time he passed that way he was urged tn come in and give thanks for the news that had come of that friend's conversion. So the " word of God grew and multipliecj," nothing seemed strange or unusual, and yet everything was changed ; relig- ion had become vital. That year we received forty-one by profession, forty-nine in all. The working force of the Church was never in better order than in the beginning of the year 1869. The young men were ready for any service. Thirty of them came to the pastor one evening asking him to map out for them the work they could do most efficiently. We went by delegations to hold neighborhood meetings in the eastern part of the town. Religion became a great power in those social in- terviews in private houses ; the rooms were crowded, songs and prayers and earnest words were heard in every room ; the people were moved, 16 conversions followed, a new nnrrent set towaid's the cliurcb ; men and women who had neglected religion for years became earnest wor- shipers. A four-horse barge was engaged to run to the Church on the Sabbath. The neighborhood had new life, the Church had new- power, its influence broadened, and the spirit of God led in all things. It went before us, in our ns»ost ardent striving we never found the hearts of men which had not felt the moving power of (jod'& grace. Sometimes we thought we were in the advance, and that f ur work was the preparation for tbe-entering in of the spirit of life. In one case it appeared as though the first kindling of new thought and desire was in one of our conversations after the meeting ; but, months afterward, that man's experience was told and in these words. " I was at work on the scaffold of my barn. I was alone, I began to think how good God had been to me, how I had sinned — how un- grateful I had been — and I prayed and wept, and asked God's for- giveness, and these meetings, tvMch came soon after, were just what I needed to lead me along." So God often teaches us that we only follow where he leads. Meanwhile the work had gained in power in the upper district. The Sabbath School which had been nurtured by Duncan, and Georgk, and SPEAKii, and Davis, and Hilton, and Gale, and Kimball, and Cauleton,. and Lovejoy, and their co-workers, now brought forth its fruits, and alaro;e number of the young people joined the Church. In the year 1869 there were twenty-nine additions, all but six on profession of faith. The following year we made our Church equipment complete, and formed a Sabbath School in the Lower District, under Mr. Orestes. West and young Eichards of blessed memory, and this school did excellent work during the next two seasons. The year 1876 was filled with rare experience and the Church had rich harvest. Early in the year we saw signs of the coming blessing ; social life was delightful, there were no cross purposes, no schemes of self interest ; the cause of religion and the Church came 17 naturally to the forefront. The people turned by common consent to the Church and the Chapel. Attention at religious services was marked, a tender spirit prevaded the congregation, songs of praise had peculiar harmony, prayer was simple, earnest, fervent ; exhor- tation became natural utterance. The young girls had a weekly prayer meeting, and at the Pastor's house the young people opened their hearts to receive the gospel as a new life. The Chapel was over- crowded, we opened the Church for a social service. It was well filled. A change had come over the hearts of the people. The care- less thought had given place to an earnest desire to know the better life of service of God. Persons who were regarded as most hopeless were first to express interest. The most inattentive among the young girls was first at the inquiry meeting. The young man who said with tender heart, " I have lived in the old way long enough," expressed the feeling of many. Those were blessed days, the spirit had come upon us with gentle- ness and subduing power. The common ways of life witnessed many confessions of the Lord ; the young convert began at once to work for others ; men laid the bible on the work bench and on the desk be- fore them, the people looked for results at every meeting, they were not disappointed ; each social evening of prayer was a new revelation, no one could say what would be the character of any service. The spirit of God was with us giving shape to all our efforts, correcting our mistakes and supplementing our weakness ; and whether in prayer or song, or in the study of the word, the hearts of all the peo- ple came into sweet accord. Some will remember one of those supreme moments, when many hearts were at the turning point, some had given the first testimony for the love of God, the congregation was tremulous with expecta- tion of larger blessing, when one sweet voice sang with tenderest feeling, bearing all hearts along in the prayerful song, " Oh, prodigal child, come home, come home." 18 In the early months of the year little cdnipanies came to the altar confessing the Lord, but, when we came to the sacrament in May, the company of new disciples filled the space about the altar and far down the aisles. Thirty-five joined the Church that day on profes- sion of their faith. At the next communion seventeen, and the num- ber in that year was seventy. Three of that number were called early home to heaven ; as they passed through the golden gate, we seemed to catch a little of the radiance of the upper home. Once the gates were quite ajar so that the young disciple beheld the en- rapturing glory all about her, and almost heard the angel's speech, and she beheld the Saviour's own face as she crossed the threshold into the city of God. In the coming months the vision of that young girl lingered in our hearts, and its tender influence was like the mellow afterglow of day. More than one young person turned from the worldly way through that influence, and walked in the path of life. Seventeen persons, young and old, joined the church in 1877. There was a peculiar depth and soundness in christian experience. I bring to mind a typical confession in these words, "I think religion is a matter of principle, rather than of feeling. I believe in the Lord with all my heart. I am not wrought upon by excitement, I am act- ing according to my best and soundest judgment. I only do my duty in giving my heart to my God. I respond when he says, My son give me thine heart." While the convert was not conscious of unusual feeling, these words were uttered with an emotion which expressed itself fully in tears. He was a strong man. He spoke slowly and thoughtfully, but feel- ing was so strong that his utterance was choked, and it was with dif- ficulty that he refrained from sobbing aloud. A young girl came with this simple testimony. "I have been thinking I ought to be a christian, I have prayed God to make me his own disciple, I feel that I am a great sinner, and anmfihnw. while I orav it seems to me that my sins are forgiven, and 19 ' I know that the Loi-d hears me," and when the child had said this she burst into tears, and added, " This is all the experience I have — I wish I had something better." The new life had taken possession of her heart, and she felt that she ought to give some more marked evidence of her grateful recog- nition of her Lord. THE WORK AT WARD HILL. The old Red school house was used for meetings long ago. Dea. William Day began his work in that neighborhood more than sixty years ago, and Parson Allen and his successors carried on the labor. A little time before this pastorate began the work was newly or- ganized. A Sabbath School was gathered, n library purchased, and a regular gospel service followed the Sabbath School. These ser- vices which were held in the old house, were transferred to the new school house on its completion. The upper room has been fitted up as a neat and attractive chapel, and the services have been held there without cessation until now. Mrs. Richard Haseltine, who had taken a very intelligent interest in the enterprise from the first, made very liberal provision by her will to increase the library. This gift was largely increased by her son, George Haseltine, LL. D., of New York, who, amid all the cares of a busy and successful life, has often loyally remembered his native town, and, who on hearing of this anniversary, sent a generous gift to the pastor, as the expres- sion of his affectionate interest. The work at Ward Hill has been more important than the work- men knew. That neighborhood is on the eve of great advancement, their leading industry which has always been prosperous is rapidly increasing. The walls of a spacious factory are now rising, new houses are going up on every street, the population grows, trade has its centre there. A post oflBce has been established. The freight track, the street lights, the concrete walk, the new passenger depot, 20 the flourishing country store, the busy factories, are evidences of prosperity. It is evident that the school house will soon be required for the ex- elusive use of the schools, and a place must be provided for religious service. The people are ready for these new duties, plans are already made for a new Chapel, the site has been generously donated, the walls will soon rise, and, in that place where so much has been done in the past to build the kingdom of heaven in the hearts of men, the Lord will gather his people. The result is to be larger and better than we had hoped. This Church has now the opportunity to make this work a grand success — and we shall see, before long, the tasty Chapel with its congregation and ordinances — a loyal daughter of the mother church, blessing and being blessed. CONCERNING THEM THAT ARE ASLEEP. We may not pass this day without some mention of the men and women with whom we have walked in goodly fellowship to the house of God. The generation that had pased away during the preceding pastor- ate left a blessed memory. The names of many of those fathers and mothers in the Church were spoken so often, and with so much af- fection in the early years of my ministry here,, that I seem to know them and to have seen them. Such are the names of Jksse Kimball, Isaac Carleton, Daniel Kitts, Joseph Hall, Isaac iloiisE, Leonard Johnson, Benjamin Webster, The Montgomeries, W. H. Kimball, Benjamin Greenleaf, LoTHEH Johnson. These were strong men who impressed themselves on the life of the generation. 21 The Church was equally blessed m its godly women who had finished their labors on earth. Among them these names are promi- nent, and their memory is still fresh in the minds of many who knew them. Mrs. Emerson, Mrs. Tkask, Mrs. Patson, Mrs. Fakrar, Miss Sarah Kimball, and others like them, whose prayers were answered in benedictions on their fellow laborers as they entered into rest. Others lived to welcome the new pastor and bless the early years of his ministry. I need only mention the names of Mart Tennbt, whose intelligent piety was a constant inspiration, Mrs. Benjamin Greenleap, who planned for the kingdom of God every day, and whose dying song was sweet like the voice of an angel, singing the words, " My refuge is the God of love, My foes exulting cry, Fly like a timorous, trembling dove, To distant mountains fly. Since I have placed my trust in God, My refuge always nigh, Why should I like a timorous dove. To distant mountains fly.'" Miss Abigail C. Haseltine, whose stately presence was like a queen. I knew her in life's mellow years ; teacher of world wide rep- utation, sound in theology, skilled in Emerson's outlines, and in the Westminster Catechism, and devoted in her loyalty to this Church. She knew its history by heart ; her house was the home of ministers. She was a tower of strength. Her sister Mary — I seem to sit again by that pleasant open fire and hear her quote the best thoughts of CowPER, and Young, and Watts— a woman of great wisdom, but whose piety had the simplicity of a little child. When her sister Abigail was dead she desired to tell to her pastor her " spiritual ex- ercises," that she might ask him whether her hope and her faith rested on the sure foundation. 22 There is a delightful suggestion in each family name which comes to our minds today. William Day, our senior deacon, who with grace and dignity bore bis office for more than half a century, whose meditations on the scriptures had such variety and freshness, and whose last words to the Church linger like the words of an Apostle, Be faithful, be faithful, he faithful. Rhoda, his wife, and Hiram, his brother, and Sophronia, and Eliza, and Milton B., whose life was a heroic struggle and whose death was a translation. We remember well the character of Betsey Spofford, whose theology was thorough and scriptural, and whose heart was gentle and tender. Hannah Tenney, and Adeline, with whom the work for God was a matter of settled principle, joined with loving devotion, and the name of Carleton, honored name in the long history of the town. J. Perkins, and Almira, whose names suggest the strength of integrity and the tenderness of love, Carey, and Lavinia, whose home piety was like a sweet odor. Nathaniel, who in his dying hour rested consciously on the bosom of his Lord, and Mary, who kept tlie names of the youthful members in her daily love and mentioned them in her prayers, ai! d Stephen, who turned from a life of doubt and skep- ticism to the S' -letest faith in his God, and who said to an inquiring friend, "when aan comes to the place 1 am in, there is nothing that will do him an ^ood but this old fashioned stuff." The goodly mpany of Kimballs, D. Chadvpick, many years a deacon, and L . jise his wife, the faithful and beloved teacher of the scriptures, John and Mary his wife, and the other Mauy, who, like Mary of old, would have broken the Alabaster box of ointment on the head of her Lord ; Hannah and Betsey, Jacob, Philip, David, Daniel B., all sweetly remembered, and our own Albert Laburton, genial in heart, and bountiful in life. The family o:' Gage occupies an important place in the annals of the town. It n as Nathaniel Gage, the brave captain, who marched with his forty-tight minute men on the instant of the alarm to Lex- ington on the nineteenth of April, 1775, "to serve until the disper- 23 sion," and who marched to Bunker Hill, with his fifty-one men, and joined in the battle. His lineal descendants are numbered among those whom we mourn today. Warren, and Hannah, and William L., whose last words to his Pastor were a confession of love. The Hasseltines, Thomas and Nancy his wife, and Warren Ord- WAY, always a right hand man in the support of the Church, and Charlotte Ordway, and Ann, and that other family, honorable and distinguished in our history, represented by Deborah R. Chadwick, and LocY and Ellen, whose lives are kept in sacred memory, and Lucy Poor and the Peabodies, Mary, and Dolly, and Roxanna, all names beloved. Joshua Holt, his face set toward the kingdom, Harriet Webster and Ann A., whose life was a long prayer for the Church, Caroline K. Jewell, modest and loving, and charitable, and other names, Whittier, Heath, Pike, Fitts, Willet, Doyle, and William Hall, versatile, tender-hearted, and true, and Emily S., his wife, whose love and devotion marked her earlier and later years. Samuel C. Sawyer who brought the pastor your call, and urged it with loving words, a man who knew God's poor, and shared with them his bounty, and Martha his wife, and Kimball Farrar, whose heart was true as steel. The Cherished names of Butrick, and Elliot, and Harriet Morse, whose piety was modest, and simple, and tender, and self-denying, and who glorified God by her patience in extremest suffering. We lovingly add the names of Richadson, Sillsby, and Laura Gale, whose dying experience was a miracle of faith. We cannot fail to speak of Mary Pearsons, whose touch was so grateful to the sick, and who never knew what it would be to with- hold the choicest gifts from God's poor. We must add John Love- joy our leader in song, and Sally his wife, blessings on her memory, and George whose counsel and wisdom we miss, and Abby the be- loved who has just crossed over to the shining shore. 24 I feel the charm of the companionship of the friends whose names , I mention, Mrs. Ellis, whose heart found peace in the promises, and the names of Lang, French, Mitchell, Goodell, and Harvey M. TowLE, whose lips were so often touched with a coal from off the altar of God, and Chastina his wife, Mrs. Tyler and her youthful son, absent, but not forgotton, Mrs. Jenkins, and Frances A. Blais- DELL, and Nathaniel Hatch, our wise and loving hearted deacon, mighty in the scriptures, and the beautiful Anna, whose young life was like an opening rose. Time surely fails to speak what love may prompt as we recall the names of Brigden, Hqbson, Evans, Lewis, Reynolds, Waldo, Brown, Gorman, Tucker, Bakek, Poor, Perry, Kneeland, Eaton, and William R. Adams, the man of large gifts and loving heart, and Mrs. Thompson, whose rare Scotch piety brought heaven near to all who knew her. It were pleasing to speak of our young Richards, whose short life was a beautiful christian heroism, and of Enoch Butler, and Mary his wife, patient and faithful, and of the name of Smart, mother and daughter, and Mary Hopkinson, loved by all, and of Sargent, and Duncan, Davis, Truesdall, Frederick Johnson, and Nancy his wife, and Samuel Johnson, and Mira, mother to us all, wise in counsel, tender in sympathy, unchanging in friendship, and the gentle hearted Priscilla, and Anna, who went early home to heaven. I have by no means mentioned all. Other names too dear to men- tion, many more, who do not appear on our books, but whose lives are written in our hearts, and whose names shine clear on the Lamb's book of life. "Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord. Many in the parish also whose wisdom and strength we greatly miss, such as Faerar whose charity was proverbial, and Pearl, whose name is a household word, and Johnson, and a score of others whose memory will ever remain in our hearts. It is a sweet deception of poetry which suggests the tender fare- 25 wells and loving words with our friends when we part from them at the entrance to the border-land of heaven. But for the most part it is not so — our friends pass from us in silence. We come down into the valley which lies between us and the better land, and, suddenly, while we wait and watch with fear and hope they cross over, leav- ing only their heavenly smile in recognition of that land so fair and golden, and to us the memory of the just which is so blessed. Blessed souls ! I seem to hear their welcome step along the aisles, I see them in their accustomed places ; the thronging memories all about us help our fond hearts to di-aw them back again as in the other days, and yet they come not as in the olden time ; but in the hush of our hearts devotions, when heaven seems near, we sometimes feel their sympathy so precious that the distance is not so very great betwixt us and them, and we hear the voice of harpers harping with their harps in that land so near and yet so far. " There is no death ! What seems so is transition, This li/e of mortal breath. Is but the suburb of the life elysian, Whose portal we call death." TO GOD BE ALL THE GLORY. If the church has gained in spiritual power, growing strong in duty, broadening in life and character, it is because God has been " work- ing in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure." The secret of all success is fellowship with our divine Lord, and faith in him which is trustful and obedient. Human weakness, seeking aid from above, is supplemented by divine wisdom and strength. Whatever of enlargement or of efficiency, whatever of exultation in hope or of conscious power in Christian service, these years have brought to usj must not be credited to any human w'sdom or skill, but rather to that heavenly grace which comes upon us in song and prayer and holy meditation, giving us the renewal of the right spirit and the creation of the new heart. 26 The eolian harp has chords so delicate, so subtle, that it cannot be played by human hands. No art can bring out the tones from that simple harp, but when the soft breeze moves among its strings it gives its sweetest harmonies. So the heart of man — no human art can bring it into concordant thought, and no human touch can har- monize its inner life, but when the spirit of God moves upon it, all thought and feeling and purpose find expression in the service of all that is " good and beautiful and true." The prayer of the people for God's grace, coupled with loyalty and love, has inspired confidence, given hope and courage, and has been the secret of all strength in this pastorate of twenty-five years. There is nothing quite so exalting to our faith as fellowship with kindred souls in the conciousness of the imperial power of the gospel moving all hearts for good. Often in this pulpit, conscious of not having found anything half worthy of you, I have been taken up by the prayers of my people, and all service of song and supplication, and the unfolding of scripture, has received the baptism of heaven, and I have known what it is to rest on the prayers of my church as a babe rests on the bosoui of a mothers' love. The pastorate began under the most favorable circumstances. The church had been well trained. It was united. The retiring pastor gave me the blessing of his heart and the love of the people. The spirit of unity has continued. We have had no trouble or con- flict. There has been no cause of dissension. In a time of theolog- ical debate and frequent ill-tempered discussion, no voice has ever been heard uttering discordant thought or feeling. People from every family of the christian Church have worshiped with us, and with us have found a welcome and a home. Our religion has been broad and charitable. The original design of our fathers was to form a church for the people, catholic in spirit, democratic in polity, open in its communion, and abiding in the sim- ple doctrines of our Lord. So God help us in time to come to be 27 obedient to the claims of our God, to build patiently the Kingdom of heaven, rejoicing ever in our hearts at the sweet sustaining thought, which shall give hope and inspiration, Hitherto, hath the Lord helped SABBATH EVENING SERVICE. The evening was devoted to reminiscences of the past twenty-five years. A severe storm was raging without, but the cheerful chapel rooms were completely filled, the young ladies from the academy oc- cupying a central place. The exercises were very profitable and en- joyable. The following are some of the addresses of the evening : ADDRESS OF MR. HARRISON E. CHADWICK. The Womans' Board of Missions has had an Auxiliary in Bradford for about twenty years. The Bradford Auxiliary was organized about 1872. At the time of its organization, Miss Maria West, a missionary from Turkey, gave a familiar talk to the ladies, in- teresting Them in the work, and helping on their plans. The mem- bership of this auxiliary has been about sixty or seventy, varying somewhat from year to year. They have received contributions in money and membership fees averaging about one hundred dollars annually, sometimes more and sometimes less. This money has been paid into the general fund of the Womans' Board with the exception of about eight years, when the whole contributions of the Bradford Auxiliary were given towards the salary of Miss Mary Page, who went from Haverhill, as a missionary to Smyrna. The benefits derived from the efforts of the ladies of this auxiliary, and the good they have accomplished, have not been brought under our immediate observation. The results of their labor show them- selves in far distant lands. Something now is to be said of another organization devoted to home work. 29 THE PARISH CIRCLE. One of the appendages or adjuncts of the church and parish from very early times has been the " Sewing Society." What would a church be without a sewing society? What would become of it should the experiment be tiled? Could it prosper? The needle work of its women has filled many hearts with joy. For the good deeds they have done this has been their weapon, the needle of the church plied by skilful hands, and as the needle of the mariner is true to the mag- netic pole, so the needle of the church always points to some useful and worthy object ; to accomplish some good thing, that might other- wise be left undone. For many years we have seen the advantages derived from such a society. At the beginning of the twenty-five years now ended, the Ladies' Benevolent Society was just completing the good work of many previous years. During the war they had done work for the soldiers, and their ordinary charities had been sus- pended for the time being, that they might respond to the urgent calls from the battle field. After the war their home work was resumed, and various objects accomplished. A lively interest was manifested, meeting every two weeks, for the season, for work, and a supper at the houses of the members, to which their husbands and friends were invited in the evening. It was not long, however, before they directed their plans and labor for a parsonage. A Basket Club was organ- ized to carry forward this work. This club originated with Mrs. Chadwick Kimball's sunday school class in February, 1872. The young ladies of this class taking the lead, soon interested others in this object. Their work was carried on successfully for five or six years, and $.500 was accumulated and deposited in the savings bank. In the meantime a new organ had been placed in the church in 1874, towards the expense of which the ladies had contributed $1000. About the year 1877 the need of a new chapel seemed most urgent. This took precedence of all other objects. Accordingly the Basket club voted to change their name to the Chapel Circle. They then worked for a new chapel, and all the money they could raise, together 30 with the $500 already deposited in the bank, was used for this pur- pose, making their contribution towards the chapel S1800, or three eights of its cost, which was completed at the close of the year 1879. After the chapel was built another change of name occurred, to the "Judson Society." A year or two was spent in work for the Foreign missions, and their money went to aid certain missionaries whom they designated. Again the name was changed, with a change of object in view. January 18, 1882, they took their present name, the Parish Circle. Upon this change of name they voted to work for " Church repairs," and commenced the year with $30.28, cash on hand. At the close of the year their funds amounted to $408.29. Meanwhile they had voted to concrete in front of the church, and around to the chapel, also the main walk on the common, and put a fence around- it in place of the old one, the whole not to exceed $800. The subscrip- tions for this purpose made to the circle were $317.50. The work of concreting and grading, fencing, etc., was successfully carried out, nearly using up the $800. In 1886 the Parish Circle contributed $800 towards building the parsonage, the accumulated fund of three years, or more. After the parsonage was built their funds were distributed among various needs of the parish. They gave for the singing in church, $33.00, in 1887. A new furnace was put into the church, by the Circle, at a cost of $200, in 1888. A donation of two dozen sheets and two dozen pillow slips, also a comforter, was made to the Haverhill City Hospital. In 1889, Voted, "to use funds for envelope racks in the pews, and a tablet for hymns on the wall of the church, $21.43." Voted unanimously, "to pay for ventilation of chapel, sum not to exceed $50." January 29, 1890. Voted, " to appropriate $50 for the support of a choir in church." One of the tablets in church for announcing the hymns was put up by the Circle, and the other, to match the first, was put up by a lady, 31 name not given. Their vote for ventilation was carried out, open- ings being made in the -walls and over the transom of the main door. A general renovation of the chapel parlor — new carpet, refurnish- ing, painting, and papering — has been the last work of the year. Their last vote, October 29, 1890; "to use all the money in the treasury, and more if necessary, to complete this work." We are all more or less familiar with the operations of the. Parish Circle. They have given entertainments, and used various other means to raise money. From one reading in the church by Prof. Churchill, of Andover, they received, net proceeds, $82.80. As an example of their success in money making, I give the following : Meeting in the chapel at eight o'clock A. M., for the purpose of quilting a quilt. Sold it in the evening for $8.00. Cost of quilt, fifty cents ; net proceeds, $7. ."50. Like the wise mother, who by skilful devices with her children, turns labor into play, the ladies of this society have beguiled us into their service, mingling pleasures with profits. We remember well the good suppers they have furnished free. This has been a feature of all these years, a free annual supper, to which all members of the parish are invited, not forgetting to send in their eatables. There is not time on this occasion to enumerate all the good works done. The amounts contributed for the various objects during these twenty-five years must be nearly $5,000, perhaps more. We shall hope to see the Parish Circle continue, and its efforts succeed. Aside from the material aid they biing, the meeting together of the people in a social way can but have a good effect, giving encouragement, promoting harmonious feeling, and a unity of purpose. What new enterprises may be started by them we cannot tell. It seems to be a well authenticated fact that Bradford Academy originated and was planned at a sewing society. Tradition says, the " Sewing Society" met in one of two houses, now standing in the outskirts of this town, (not certain which,) and at this meeting the subject of better educa- tion than the town schools afforded was discussed. This was in March, 32 1803. Prominent individuals became interested in the new schonl. Within three months they raised the money, erected their building, engaged a principal, and commenced the school with fifty-one pupils. During these twenty-five years there has always been a good degree of harmony between all the church organizations and this society. There has also appeared a large amount of reserved force amoug our people, and no small share belongs to the members of the Parish Circle. ADDRESS BY DEA. S. WILLAED CARLKTON. THE ladies' home MISSIONARY SOCIETY. One of the important agencies of the church in its benevolence, has been the association of women for home missionary work. The original records of this society have not been found, but it is known that it was formed long before the time our anniversary covers. The present record book dates back only ten years to 1880. From these records it appears that the work of the society has been confined to sending household supplies to home missionary families, mainly in our "Western states. From 1880 to 1884 nine barrels were sent away, but their value is not recorded. From 1884 to 1891 twenty barrels have been sent at an average value of $57.05, and a total value of $1,141.01. The nine barrels sent out at the same average value would increase the total for the ten years to the sum of $1,654.46. And reckoning the same average for the fifteen years of which no record is given the total sum would be $4,252.96. The funds of this society have been raised by membership fees and voluntary contribution. It is a very important work which the church has been doing through this agency. The meetings have been held quietly; the number engaged has not been large, but the steady work through the years has accomplished great good. 33 Another of the woi'king forces of the church, which is duiug a no- ble worli among the needj at home, has sprung up in the later years of this pastorate. BRADFORD EELIBP SOCIETY. The Bnidford Relief Societj' was organized January 11, 1883, with an iictive membership of twenty-sis, and an honorary member- ship of thirty-seven. The object of the society at first was to assist needy families by sewing, but after a year or two, finding it necessary to furnish groceries, wood, coal, and other supplies, the young ladies adopted means to obtain money to purchase these things, and so en- large the work. The active membership has not increased, averaging only fifteen in each of the eight years, while the honorary membership has increased largely, numbering sixty-one in the year 1889. Twenty families have received assistance in various ways, several of whom have been helped several years. Only a rough estimate can be given of the sewing accomplished, but in looking over the work one hundred dollars each year would hardly cover the value of labor, reckoning the time spent at a low figure. The calls for help increase each year, and the people show each year a greater interest. Bun- dles of clothing are constantly received which are of great asistanee in filling calls, for wearing apparel, quickly. The money received since the society was organized, for member- ship fees, and from private gifts, and entertainments, amounts to $504.62. The sum expended for the needy in cash, $427.47, leaving a balance of $77.15 in the treasury January 1, 1891. It is a blessed work which this society has done. The results in figures would be as follows : For work. $800, appropriations in cash, $427.47, making a total of $1,227.47. But the importance of the work cannot be measured by figures. These young women listen to the grateful words of the sick and the 34 dying, they are cheered by the prayers and benedictions of those who were needy and ready to perish. The society is one of the youngest of the children of the church, but its work adds a new and beautiful grace to the work which is done for the Master, and in his name. MR. ARTHUR W. JOHNSON'S ADDRESS. Mr. Arthur W. Johnson spoke of the " Bee Hive," a missionary society for boys and girls which has existed seventeen years, and has sent many hundred dollars to the missionaries of the world. Children of the very youngest ages here contribute their mites and work with -their hands. This is a very lively and wide awake society. The membership is large, varying from fifty to sixty. The youthful mem- bers are very efficient workers, and the society is carried on with such enthusiasm that nearly all the children of the parish are enlisted, and in this way they become acquainted with missionary work, and learn to love it. The meetings are held ou Saturday, under the efBcient leadership of the pastor's wife, who organized the society, and has given direction to its work. The money which is raised and the packages which are made up are sent to Home and Foreign mission- aries. The society has gladened the hearts of many missionary families on the frontier. The amount raised in the seventeen years, of its existence is thirteen hundred dollars. Mr. Johnson also spoke of the work of the "Auxiliary " of the " Womans Home Missionary Association," which is doing a successful work, arousing interest in the spread of the gospel among those who are in need in the new and growing region of the west, and in the south. The society makes annual contributions to the Home missionary work. MR. ARTHUR H. HALL'S REMARKS. In considering the relation of the Sunday school to this pastorate I shall only give a few reminiscences to show how close this relation 35 was and is. I remembei- distinctly tlie address our pastor made to the Sunday school the Sunday he first preached in this church. He then remarked to the boys, that even children had their troubles, that it used to be a grief to him that his hair was straight while his brother's was curly, but that he had afterward recovered from this embarass- ment. I was then a little boy in a class of eight, three of whom have since died, two gone beyond the Mississippi, I alone remaining of the number in New England. In that school was then one boy of thir- teen years and another five years of age who have since been super- intendents of this school during nine years of this pastorate, and others have since succeeded them. There are also pleasant memories of the parsonage on Salem street, and especially the parsonage on Main street, where the Carleton school now is. The room that is now the school room, which was then the parlor, was where more than a score of boys met our pastor for weekly religious conversation, and that soon became to us the " House of God and the gate of heaven." We were boys whose time was well taken up with the studies and sports of youth, but we gladly found time to devote one evening each week to this instructive companionship with our pastor. It is just here my topic applies. The relation bet-« eeu these boys of the sun- day school and our pastor may be seen from the following results. In a trifle more than a year, twenty-eight young people, and a trifle more than another year, forty-one more, between the ages of fourteen and twenty-four, united with the church from the Sunday school. I remember well the white school bouse that stood under the nut trees on the land now owned by the A. L. Kimball estate. Our pastor was one of the school committee then, and his frequent visits to the school were not only in his official capacity, but to encourage us on our way. Each month he would leave with us personally, the matter to be reported at the missionary concerts, which at this time were wholly carried on by these young people. In our minds today is blended that early acquisition of book lore and knowledge of God, learned in those precious days. Another incident emphasizes the 36 close connection between our pastor and the Sunday school. A few years since our pastor had an almost miraculous escape from a fatal accident, upon the first Sabbath of the year, and we went through the annual meeting and week of prayer without his leadership. I know how the young people of the Sunday school were personally afflicted in this matter, and were profoundly moved as was expressed on every hand ; thanks to God for this special mercy, as we realized how we loved our pastor. I can also speak as one of the boys away from home, and their lelation to this pastorate. During the few years I was away, I received several of those fatherly letters our pastor has always written his boys, not only full of courage and cheer, but ever making special mention of what the church was do- ing, its conditions, and such matters. Since our pastor came among us we have had six superintendents in the Sunday school, one of whom, Deacon A. L. Kimball has died. In speaking for those who remain, I am sure I may say our greatest grief in leaving the oflSce has been the abandoning the post of such intimate work with our pastor, his reliition to the superintendent being that of hand to hand. I am de- lighted to state that the nearest relation of the Sunday school to their pastor has been their regard for his teachings. Most notably has this been true of those matchless descriptions of heaven in his clos- ing remarks in our Sunday school concerts. In the various years some characteristics of the concerts have changed ; there being times when verses have been selected at will, at other times a program is- sued, with variety of musical attraction, but, in all these years, one part has remained unchanged, looked forward to with expectancy, attended with breathless interest, remembered forever. What vistas of paradise he has opened to us, and how near the loved ones come to us. So may he continue to speak to us until many more of us have exchanged the pictured heaven for the reality ; so may he continue, tUl the rapid river bears us to that ocean, which itself shall pass awav when there shall be no more sea. ACADEMIC GROVE. 37 OTHER ADDRESSES. Prof. I. N. Carleton spoke of the First church Bradford, and its present minister from the standpoint of an outsider, he haying been connected with distant churches most of this pastorate. He enforced the fact that this church had never turned away a pastor. Mr. C. W. Chandler, the newly elected Sunday school superin- tendent, spoke from the standpoint of a new comer. He said that our pastor had the faculty of so welcoming a new member to the church that he immediately became an old resident. He also spoke encouraging words as to the outlook of the church and Sunday school work. Mr. George E. Kimball, representing the Y. P. S. C. E., gave a history of this movement, and the statistics as to the local society here. After prayer, by Brother Thomas Lovejoy, the pastor closed the meeting with many touching reminiscences of his pastorate. He told of those who never took part in the spoken remarks of conference meetings, but who were a great help ; of one in particular who after one such meeting walked home with him, and modestly said how he loved him ; of how the seed bore fruit when we at first could see no result, and how, when he received significant messages to go quickly to dying beds, he was told there how, long before, his words had been fruitful. He told of his special love for, and mutual help from Bradford Academy, and ended with a beautiful tribute to his people. Thus ended a day of rare enjoyment to Bradford church, ever to be remembered, powerful for its historical and prophetic interest. PASTOR AND PEOPLE. The anniversary was fittingly closed with a social reunion at the church, held on Tuesday evening, January 13. The following appeared in the Daily Bulletin. :ind deserves place : " The reception given to Rev. Dr. and Mrs. J. D. Kingsbury last evening by the church society and people of Bradford was a grand ovation, and dispelled any lingering doubt, that could possibly have ex- isted in the minds of any one, of the affection that all the people have for this beloved pastor and wife, who for twenty-five years have been winning the love of all hearts. The gathering was a hearty and spontaneous one of the people, including residents from every section of the town, nor was it confined to those who were reckoned as mem- bers of the church and parish. Friends were present from Haver- hill, Groveland, Boxford, and elsewhere. The academy was also largely represented by teachers and students, as was the Carleton School. There was perfect cordiality and freedom without formality or restraint, all seeming to vie with each other in expressions of love to the pastor and his wife, and good fellowship among themselves. Vases filled with beautiful and fragrant roses, the pastor's favorite flowers, adorned the platform where the pastor and his companion received the company, and where for more than two hours a proces- sion of the visitors expressed their joy as they grasped the hand and received the hearty 'God bless you,' from those whom they had come to honor. The only cessation in the greetings was when a se- lection was sung by the quartette, and later a song by Miss Knight. At nine o'clock silence was called, and the venerable Dr. George Cogswell, in behalf of the people, addressed Mr. and Mrs. Kings- bury, as follows : 39 My Dear Pastor : Coming from the hills of Vermont, at the call of this people, leaving the town by the lake for the town by the river and the sea, you immediately took possession of the hearts of this people, and have held them ever since. Allow me to present you this hat, which has not been passed around, but which nevertheless, has been well filled by your friends, unsolicited. The contents. Sir, represent not the quantity of your services, but the quality, and as this coined gold is acceptable at current value throughout the world, so your years of faithful service are appreciated by this people. I also present you, Madam Kingsbury, this tray and its contents, which is but a slight token of the appreciation of this people for your worth as a helper to our pastor. The gold which it contains is biit a simile of the value we place upon your influence among us, and is a more fitting emblem of this, than would be the topaz, the carbuncle, or the diamond. After an impressive silence of a moment or two, Dr. Kingsbury made a feeling reply, in part as follows : My Dear Friend : I have often anticipated a moment when I could not fittingly express the feelings of my heart. Such a moment is the present. From the first evening when with you, my friend, I sat at the fireside of the lamented Munroe, I have known you so well that it is not in your power to surprise me ; and you, my dear people, cannot surprise me in any kind and affectionate act you may do. Neither am I able to express the gratitude of that sweet young girl who came to share with me the burden of my ministry ; a burden we have found so light where love has held rule all these jears. We ac- cept these most valuable tokens of your love, and those other gifts with. them which come to gladden our hearts today. One a munificent gift, from a man whom I have known only in correspondence, but who sends his gift because of your love for me and mine. The other sent as a memorial of one whose name, should I mention it, would bring tears to all your eyes. We accept these gifts and bless you 40 for the love of all these pleasant years. May God, In his mercy, grant you his richest blessing, my dear people, and strengthen us that we may work his will more perfectly still. May we all, old and young, walk together in love, until our Heavenly Father shall open for us the gates of that city, where all is joy and peace for evermore. GREETINGS FROM ABSENT FK1END3. Shortly after the address and presentation, Joseph H. Pearl, Ksq., read the following telegram : Omaha, Neb., January 13. To Rev. J. D. Kingsbury, Bradford Mass : Mrs. Munroe, Mrs. Simpson, my wife and I, unite in extending to Mrs Kingsbury and yourself, heartiest congratulations. J. A. MuNROE. Also the following : Minneapolis, Minn. Congratulations to pastor and people upon unbroken harmony, wide-spread usefulness, golden memories, and inspiring promise of the quarter century. S. Lewis B. Speare. Abby G. Speare. The following extract from a letter addressed to Mr. Hilton from Mr. Speare was also read : "The parish work in Bradford by pastor and people equals anything I have ever known, and it has been a comfort to me all the years that I was permitted to do even a little in preparing the way. I have seen much of the world, but no place or people are more attractive than the Merrimack valley. There is where my boyhood took ou manhood ; there is where I received great kindness, and the passing years only give a brighter and deeper tenderness to my affection for the friends of those days. * * * Dr. Kingsbury has done great 41 good by his noble and true manhood, in addition to his gifts as a scholar and preacher." Any event connected with the church or people can hardly be com- plete without the aid of the ladies of the Parish Circle, and last evening they contributed to the pleasure of the occasion by providing a bountiful collation for the company, and it is always the case when they are the providers, the supply was abundant and delicious. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the pastorate, and the parish gather- ing, will long be remembered by all who enjoyed the event. Among those who extended their congratulations were Rev. Dr. Duncan and Rev. Mr. Gleason, of Haverhill, Rev. L. C. McKinstry, Rev. A. F. Bailey, and Rev. S. C. Kendall, of Bradford." Letters were received from Rev. Dr Shedd, Dr. Pike, Dr. Fiske, and others, including affectionate messages from a great number of absent members of the church, and those who have been trained m this pastorate, whose homes are now far away. TRIBUTE OF THE PRESS. The following graceful tribute appeared on Monday Evening, fol- lowing the anniversary, in the Haverhill Daily Bulletin : " But few, if any, clergymen in New England have had a more suc- cessful quarter of a century pastorate than Rev. J. D. Kingsbury, D. D., of Bradford. In fact, only a comparatively few pastors in all New England can recount twenty-flve years of labor in a single par- ish. Such cases are rare, and when one can be found in these days of changes, it is doubly worthy of mention. That of the Bradford pastor is as beautiful as it is rare. Beautiful because so satisfactory and acceptable to the people among whom he has labored to build up the Redeemer's kingdom. Rev. Dr. Kingsbury is a pastor in the broadest and deepest meaning of that term. In him are combined all those qualifications necessary for the momentous and sacred work de- volving upon an ambassador of Christ. Very often we hear it said by people in speaking of ministers, that such a one is an excellent speaker in the pulpit, but a poor pastor, or a good pastor, but poor sermonizer. But nothing of the kind can be applied to the Bradford man of God, who has so successfully presided over the Congrega- tional church in that town for a period of twenty-flve years. It has also been said of him that he never preached a sermon without pre . senting thought worthy to be written in letters of gold, and that at times his eloquence in utterance reaches the highest point of finish. He is an impressive speaker, and always holds the close attention of his hearers from the beginning to the end of his discourses. Dr; Kingsbury is a pastor in a broad and delightful sense, away from the pulpit, among his people. His genial and affable manners assures him a cordial welcome in every home. Especially is he welcomed at 43 the bedside of the sick, as one who knows him intimately has said, "He is a wonderful man in sickness," and is one of the few who know ho\*^ to enter a sick room, and when to leave it, and has a very happy way of approaching the sick. The pastor is very fond of chil- dren, and has a very happy way of entertaining them. But besides being an excellent pastor, Dr. Kingsbury is a good citizen. He pos- sesses executive ability of a high order, aud knows how things ought to be done. He is always on the right side, but never hesitates to investigate and examine matters presented before making up his mind. His judgment seems to be unerring in all the questions that come before him ; when convinced that a thing is right he never hes- itates to make it known. He possesses a wonderful faculty of adap- tation and application. For twenty-five years no rumor of discontent has been heard in his parish, and nobody desires a change. Fa,vored must be the pastor with such a society, and happy must be a people with such a pastor