CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library F868.S25 F68 Pen pictures from the garden of the worl 3 1924 030 999 456 olin Overs K' '« Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030999456 ■"-^"^VS^M' ■yyr ~'ip i-J K£\Ha>.li ic:'iS.lftw'I>y''- Ak,^c X-f ^ %dfc^t^^it)a -OR.- Sahta Clara CouiTr, California. Containing a History of the County of Santa Clara from the Earliest Period of its Occupancy to the Present Time, together with Glimpses of its Prospective Future; with Profuse Illus- trations of its Eeautiful Scenery, Full-Page Por- traits of Some of its most Eminent Men, and Biographical Mention of Many of its Pioneers and also of Prominent Citizens of To-day. * E^DITED BY K. S. B^OOTE. * CHICAGO: Xtie Le^sris Publistiing- Coiripariy. 1888. A G^ ^ -^ - 38, 58 The Murphy Party 38 Schallenberger's Story 48 Donner Party 58 Micheltorena War 63 Mexican War 63 Battle of Santa Clara 67 First American Flag 68 Discovery of Gold 70 San Jose as Capital of the State 71 Grandma Bascom's Story 71 The First Constitution 72 The First Legislature 74 California Admitted as a State 74 County Boundaries 75 County Government, etc 75) 7^ Land Titles 76 Private Land Agents 76, 77, 216 Grants to the Pueblo 77 Mission Grants 78 Suertes 78 Settlers' War 80 Survey of City of San Jose 80 Five-hundred-acre Lots 81 Bench and Bar 82 The Press 102 Political Record 109 Roads and Highways 119 Railroads 123 The Lick Observatory 126 Old Landmarks 135 Santa Clara County in the War 137 County Institutions 139 Court House 139 County Jail , 140 County Hospital 140 Almshouse 141 Schools 142 State Normal School 143 Santa Clara College 144 College of Notre Dame 144 University of the Pacific 145 Leland Stanford, Jr. , University 145 Garden City Business College 145 City Government of San Jose 147 City Officers 151 Fire Department 154 River Improvements 158 Sewerage System 160 Financial Operations of the County 162 Petroleum and Natural Gas 164 Agricultural Society 167 History of Horticulture 170 History of Viticulture 180 Quito Oilve and Vine Farm 184 Churches — San Jose 186 Artesian Wells 1S9 Banks — San Jose 190 Societies — San Jose , 192 Manufacturing Industries 195 Fredericksburg Brewery 197 Street Railroads 201 Gilroy 201 Santa Clara , 205 Los Gatos 208 Saratoga 212 Lexington 213 Alma 213 Wrights 213 Milpitas 213 Alviso. 213 Mountain View 214 Mountain View Station 214 Mayfield 214 New Almaden Quicksilver Mines 214 Post-office 216 Board of Trade, San Jose 670 Hotel Vendome, San Jose 670 Public Improvements 671 The Death Penalty 673 Temperature 672 lOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Adams, T. B 275 Agnew, Abram 445 Ahlers, Henry C 380 Ainsworth, William 53° Albee, O. J 467 Alexander, W. G 307 Allen, S. R 477 Alley, O. F 578 Allison, O. U 663 Allison, W. D 384, Anderson, Neil 628 Anderson, Philip 530 Angney, W. Z 313 Apperson, R. W 443 Aram, Joseph 553 Archer, Lawrence 90 Argall, F. L 404 Americh, Mateo 420 Arnold, Mrs. 351 Arthur, J. C 455 Arthur J. G jg^ Ashley, A. N 530 Ashley, John T 529 CONTENTS. Askam, O. P 5«6 Atkinson, W. W 608 Austin, CD 3^8 Austin, D. B 3°^ Auzerais, John E 5^3 Ayer, S. F 5*2 B Babb, Clement E 251 Babb, John P 252 Bachman, B. F V 321 Badger, John W 453 Bailey, D. C 65° Baker, R. J 45' Balbach, John 5^9 Baldacci, S 5°8 Ball, Peter 645 Ballard, F. D 442 Ballon, J. Q. A 227 Baltz, Peter 404 Banks, RoUa 322 Barker, A. M 368 Barker, S. A 99 Barnes, Thatcher F 485 . Barney, John W 256 Barron, Edward 490 Bartlett, B. L 316 Barton, Joseph 267 Bassett, Bruce A 354 Bassignano, V 635 Baumgartner, F. A 390 Beach, E. F 564 Beach, Tyler 506 Beal, G. P 400 Beans, T. E 190 Beauchamp, William 478 Beaumont, J. B 598 Beaumont, J. M 599 Beck, M. W 288 Belden, David 84 Bellew, M 221 Bennett, A. G 398 Bennett, Wirt K 557 Benson, Henry M 378 Berghauser, J. G. F 439 Bergin, John J , . . . 646 Berreyessa, J.J 488 Berryman, Arthur 326 Besse, H. T 459 Billings, Moses F 432 Bishop, Samuel A 657 Bitancourt, A. 1 606 Blabon, W. L 316 Black, John C 94 Blackmar, F. W 440 Blaine, George 655 Blake, D. H 469 Blake, F. W lo6 Blakemore, C. L 365 Blanchard, W. W 200 Block, Abram 264 Bodley, Thomas 634 Bohlmann, Frank 348 Bollinger, A. J 465 Bollinger, Christian 565 Booksin, Henry jgg Booksin, L. A 430 Boots, William 275 Bopp, Charles F 454 Boring, S. W 601 Boulieu, Oliver. 281 Boulware, J. W 637 Bowden, Nicholas 97 Bowdish, M. S 306 Bowman, George M 175 Boyce, D. S 229 Brackett, Nathaniel 466 Bradley, E. L 368 Brady, James 35^ Branham, B. F 518 Branham, Isaac 49' Breyfogle, C. W 191 Bridges, Frank 573 Briggs, John G 572 Briggs, Jos. W 572 Briggs, M. C 286 Briggs, R. S 25s Brill, John W 377 Brimblecom, F. A 294 Britton, Ephraim 468 Britton, F. F 273 Britton, Martin 273 Bronaugh, C. A 607 Broughton, S. Q 55' Brown, Frederick 591 Brown, George M 483 Brown, Joseph E 392 Brown, W. D 664 Browne, George C 643 Bruch, Charles 590 Brunst, Frank 379 Bryan, J. W 312 Bryant, B 333 Bubb, Benjamin T 237 Buck, F. E 666 Buckner, R. B 92 Bull, George P 235 Bulmore, R. R 335 Burchard, D. W 96 Burges, Tristam 475 Bums, B. E 607 Burrell, C 591 Burrell, James B 266 Burrell, Lyman J 263 Butcher, Mrs. E. A 483 Byron, George 447 C Calderon, A 336 Caldwell, Robert 234 Calkins, Mark 276 Campbell, Benjamin 526 Campbell, J. H 96 Campbell, William 525 Canney, J. D 566 Canright, F. P 565 Carrel, Henry 439 Carpenter, H. F 291 Carson, George 595 Cash, A. B 545 Castro, C ^^° Cavallaro, L. S ^^^ Chandler, Mrs. A Chapman, A. L... ^^^ Chase, F. W ^^^ Childs, C. W 330 Childs, W. W 337 Chipman, L, J '^'^ Chrisman, A. P 593 Christian, John 405 Church, Jer. B 253 Chynoweth, Louis 344 Cilker, John 307 Clark, E. A 506 Clark, Mrs. Sylvia 656 Clark, Walter A 516 Clarke, Ira P 640 Clayton, James A 359 Coe, S. A 647 Coffin, D. W 471 Coil, Alex 635 Collins, R. E 377 Colton, A. D 434 Colombet, C 559 Combs, J. W 200 Conant, T 388 Coney, B. G 322 Conklin, E. B 525 Cook, C. C 396 Corcoran, F. L 355 Corey, Benjamin 247 Corey, C. H 503 Cottle, Frank 419 Cottle, Ira 419 Cottle, Martial 352 Cottle, Royal, Sr 418 Cottle, William J 532 Cottle, Warren 334 Cottle, W. 580 Courtney, J. T 236 Cowan, W. W 544 Cox, William 618 Cozzens, W. W 617 Craft, Benjamin 471 Crandall, A. W 97 Crittenden, Orrin 369 Cropley, C. H 451 Cross, George 652 Crossley, John P 274 Crowley, James 589 Cummings, E. C 589 Cunningham, Joseph 323 Curnow, J. R 390 Curtis, Perry 571 Cutler, C. W 410 D Dahlstrom, Leopold jgo Daniel, J. A. P ['/'[ g^^ Darling, E. W jg^ Davies, E. H 292 Davis, I. M 262 Davis, S. B ^g^ Davison, E. A ^^g CONTENTS. Dawson, E. L , 175 Dawson, J. M 174 Day, J. C 422 DeCrow.W 588 Deidrich, R. V 494 De Lacy, H. A 104 De Lacy, S. W 104 Delaney, E.J 388 Denning, Alfred 245 Dennis, Aaron 638 Dent, Rawley E 514 Derenne, A. D 647 Dewar, R 588 Dickenson, J 588 Dilley, J. S 279 Distel, B 347 Doerr, Charles 587 Donnely, T. H 244 Dornberger, L 248 Downing, N. H 280 Dreischmeyer, F 584 Dubs, Michel 626 Dudley, J. P 412 Dunn, Frank 484 Dunne, Mrs. C 494 Durkee, D., Jr 571 E Eastin, James W 649 Eberhard, Jacob 286 Edwards, H. W 507 Edwards, W. A. Z 555 Einfalt, R. G 106 Ellsworth, John H 592 Emlay, H. F 335 Enright, James 575 Erkson, William 639 Evans, E. H 264 Evans, Josiah 651 F Farley, Eben C 500 Farney, Mark 521 Farr, Henry 318 Farrell, M., Sr 467 Farrington, A 433 Farwell, F. M 312 Fatjo, Antonio 285 Fellon, J. A 628 Ferguson, L. C 328 Field, A. G 668 Fieldsted, C 269 Fine, Mrs. Louisa 289 Finigan, L 403 Finley, James 220 Fisher, J. E 260 Flickinger, J. H I77 Fleming, George A 53S Foster, Joseph SS9 Fowler, J. S 631 Fox, B. S ... 172 Fox, R. D 414 Francis, Louise E. 106 Franck, F C 497 Francois, C 630 French, C. A 618 Frink, Daniel 517 G Gaffany, Owen E 315 Gallagher, A. T 464 Gali^in, P. G 324 Gardner, G. W 432 Gartelmann, D 310 Gaston, A. A 372 Gay, M. H 346 Geiger, William C 622 Gibson, M. S 448 Gillespie, T. J 508 Gillespie, W. W 400 Gish, David E 440 Glendenning, Robert 222 Goodenough, S 434 Goodrich, E. B 225 Goodrich, E. E 181 Goodrich, Levi 1 225 Gordon, J. E 311 Grant Bros 271 Grant, John T 260 Grant, Robert 575 Graves, Jacob 481 Graves, Sylvester.- 433 Green, William H 396 Greenawalt, D 436 Greeninger, A 636 Gregory, S. 632 Gribner, Mrs. P 382 Griswold, Benson 533 Gruwell, M. L 566 Gussefeld, William 405 H Hagan, C. A 631 Haines, C. T 402 Haines, N. J 473 Hale, O. A 380 Hall, Horace B 567 Hall, J. U 261 Hall, Nathan 319 Halsey, George M 627 Hamilton, Frank 568 Hamilton, James A 625 Hamilton, L. E 303 Hamilton, Zeri 463 Hammond, W. H 367 Handy, G. W 266 Hannon, Patrick 442 Harry, James 335 Hart, Conard 352 Hartman, C . H 624 Hatman, F. D 399 Hawley, William 421 Hayes, Mary A 254 Headen, Benjamin F 249 Hebard, Lewis 320 Helliesen, C. F. A 624 Hensley, John R 457 Herbert, William B 497 Herriman, J. R 266 Herrington, D. W 93 Herrington, Irving 288 Herrmann, A. T 364 Herrmann, C 366 Hetty, John , 290 Hicks, Bedford 294 Hildebrand, A 304 Hills, Miles 379 Hinman, R. W 623 Hirst, A. C 375 Hobson, David 486 Hobson, T. W 568 Hodges, P.C 332 Hogg, H. C 300 Holland, S 644 Hollenbeck, B. W 616 HoUoway, E. A 334 Holsclaw, M. T 341 Holthouse, E. PI 480 Hooker, A. O 396 Hornberger, J. A 233 Hostetter, G. K 478 Houghton, S. 89 Hourecan, John 325 Howe, I. D 386 Huggins, A. G 384 Hughes, William P 107 Hull, James F 243 Hunter, A. B 250 Hutchinson, J . C 326 Hyland, M. H 98 I Ingall, Sarah T 585 Ingleson, Charles 486 Ireland, William H , 482 J Jackson, A. J 535 Jackson, F. M 301 Jarvis, G. M 397 Jefferds, F. G 476 Jenkins, G. C 529 Jewell, F. F 283 Johnson, Julian 536 Johnson, J. W 490 Johnson, Peter 660 Johnson, S. R 242 Johnston, John 544 Jordan, M. C 528 Jordan, P. H., & Co 504 Josselyn, J. H 401 Judd, C. A 403 Judson, H. C 444 K Kammerer, A 540 Keesling, H. G 383 Keesling, T. B. 517 Keith, P. G 641 Kell, M. D 435 Kelley, Thomas 648 Kelly, J. H... 410 Kelty, Thomas 580 Kennedy, J. F 496 Kenyon, J. M 437 CONTENDS. Kerloch, M 43° Kerr, William C 6l6 Kerwin, Thomas 454 Kifer, S. H 272 Kimberlin, J . M 534 King, A. L 594 Klee, John 576 Klein, Norman 399 Knowles, F. W 318 Knowles, John 292 Koch,J. P 579 Koch, Valentine 644 Kooser, H. H 40S Krahl, L. W 461 Krumb, Louis 3^7 Kundert, B 628 Kuns, H. L 623 Kunz, F. W 359 Lake, Albert 394 Lamar, J. B loo LamoUe, Madam V., & Co 3^7 Langford, P. S 3o5 Langford, R. J 623 Larson, Paul 578 Lasette, M. A 247 Lauck, George 282 Laurilliard, A 627 Lawrence, A. C 479 Lebrun, Charles 622 Leeman, F. C 476 Leeman, W. H 476 Le Fevre, William 626 Leib.S. F 93 Leigh, Hugh A 489 Lendrum, A 233 Lendrum, James 233 Lendrum, William E 648 Lenzen, Jacob 363 Lenzen, Michael 621 Lenzen, Theodore 621 Leonard, H. M 257 Lester, Nathan L 576 Lester, William 1 450 Lewis, John F 354 Lillick, Henry 574 Lingley, W. L 305 Linquist, J. A 618 Little, Horace 348 Lobdell, Frank 299 Logan, A. P 270 Lord, Hersie F 406 Lord, J. H 488 Loryea Bros 5I5 Loupe, Louis 627 Love, C. W 280 Lovell, Ira J 521 Lowe, James R 95 Luke, N. G 227 Lundy, D. S 583 Lupton, J. F 441 Lynch, George W 593 Lynch, Michael 259 Lyndon, James 303 Lyndon, J. W 301 M Macabee, Edward 327 Machado, John 584 Madonna, 1 344 Main, H. H 104 Malcom, James 317 Malovos, Andrea 268 Malpas, A 586 Manly, W. L S02 Martin, John S°4 Martin, Patrick 49' Martin, Z. H 586 Marvin, Charles 355 Massol, Fen 655 Maynard, Mrs. H. G 308 Maxey, T. J 539 McAfee, A. F 283 McBride, Mrs. Georgie 452 McCabe, A. M 395 McCarley James A 382 McCarley, William B 382 McCarthy, Joseph 425 McCarthy, Martin 629 McCaughin, W. J 344 McComas, Rush " 363 McCubbin, R 570 McCurrie, J. P 339 McDonald, J. W 298 McDonald, Michael 414 McGuire, Lyman 619 McKee, J. 519 McLaughlin, E 192 McLellan, D. J 596 McMillan, J. G 348 McMurtry, William S 619 McNeal, G. B 308 McNeil, A. B 398 McPherson, A. L 524 McPherson, R. C 164 McWilliams, A. S 413 Meade, Mrs. E. S ■ 378 Meads, John W 558 Menzel, R 580 Mercier, Jules 639 Merithew, J. C 633 Messing, Henry 494 Miller, James 56 Miller, J. J 342 Miller, S. B 296 Miller, William C 443 Millikin, John 560 Millikin, Samuel 561 Mills, L. R 258 Mitchell, T. W 178 Mockbee, J. S 664 Mocker, William 630 Montgomery, J. W 323 Montgomery, T. S 253 Moodie, R. C 211 Moody, A. E 39° Moody, D. B S03 .. 558 Moore, P. C ^^8 Morey, H. C ' jg^ Morgan, John . Morrell, H. C ^^^ Morrow, Wm. C , Morse, C. C Moulton, S. A ^ Moultrie, J. A ^ Murdock, John ^^ Murphy, Bernard ^ Murphy, B. D ^'3 Murphy, Daniel S6, 639 Murphy, Ellen 56 Murphy, James 55 Murphy, John M 56 Murphy, William 581 Myall, Edward 581 N Nace, John A 287 Neben, E. T 403 Newhall, S 431 Nicholson, A 3°^ Nicholson, George 455 Nolting, F 534 Normandin, A 4°° Northern, W. L 602 Norton, John P 45° Norwood, J. G 55' O Oberdeener, S 285 O'Brion, C. F. 35° Ogier, James H 219 Oldham, W. Frank 597 O'Neil, Timothy 200 Osborne, A. E 361 Osborn, Thos 452 O'Toole, Elizabeth 345 Otter, Karl 51° Ousley, George W 381 Owen, Charles P 376 P Page, G. W 509 Palen, Maria 41S Park, M. C 298 Parker, Charles 235 Parker, James S 661 Parker, L. F 416 Parr, Charles : 237 Parr, Edward N 249 Parrish, E. J 319 Parsons, M. E 425 Patrone, P 632 Patterson, A ^^g Paul, Sylvanus S 345 Pearce, W. L g^j Peard, J. J ^jy Peck, Wesley 296 Pender, Wm.R ^g^ Penniman, A. C g Perkins,P. C g Perkins, Wm. F " ' , ^ Petersen, T. W ."'" ^^^ pettit, E.T ;; ^gj C0N2EN18. Pfister, Adolph 357 Pfister, F. M 99 Phegley, J. F S34 Phelps, C. A 239 Phelps Bros 339 Phippen, J. S 347 Pieper.J. H S62 Pierce, R. E 368 Pillot.John E 59^ Pinkard, E. N 288 Pitkin, C. A 387 Pittman, James M 651 Place, Elvert E 59° Polak, Jacob 509 Polhemus, Charles B 357 Polhemus, George B 360 Pollard,L.W 555 Pollard, W. D 262 Pomeroy, Hiram 474 Ponce, J. P 643 Porter, D. J 375 Potts, F.S., Jr 594 Potts, J. S 223 Price, Elijah 327 PuUan, H 552 Pyle, E. G 604 Pyle, Thomas 231 Quinn, Wm. 34^ Quivey, James 349 Randall, Azro 228' "Raney, Felix 5^3 Ransom, J. W 3^5 Rea, Samuel 333 Rea, Thomas 33^ Reed, W. D 5^4 Reinhardt, H 37i Rengstorff, H 4^7 Reynolds, John 88 Rice, William 316 Riddell, D. C 393 RiddeU, Speer 394 Riehl, Adam 53' Righter, F. M 407 Roberts, George 272 Roberts, W. H 5^3 Robinson, Amos 34° Rodgers, J. C 459 Rogers, F. S 309 Rose, Abraham 608 Ross, John E 4i8 Ross, Marcellus. 409 Ross, N. L 535 Ross, William 4"6 Rucker Bros 604 Rucker,J. E 605 Rucker, W. B 262 Rutledge, R. F 4^4 Ryan, Michael 554 Ryder, B. L 9^ Ryder, G. W 667 Sage, Lewis A 377 Saisset, P., de 662 Sanders, S. P 45o Sanor, Michael 449 Sargent, J. P 665 Saxe, A. W 278 Schallenberger, Moses 56 Schemmel, Henry L 246 Scherrebeck, T. J , 653 Scherrer, George 383 Schiele, Charles M 495 Schilling, F 646 Schloss, Louis 457 Schnabel, Ernst 465 Schneider, Fred A 524 Schoof, Gerhard. 366 Schroder, Albert 505 Schulte, Bernhart 273 Scott, Henry 224 Scott, James 556 Scott, William 543 Scott, Wm. H 629 Sears, A. E 300 Sears, Henry 563 Seely, C. R.. 240 Seifert, George W 499 Selby.J. S 438 Senter, German 279 Settle, C. T 577 Seybolt, George L 423 Shafter, F. R 456 Shafter, J. D 256 Shannon, Thos 408 Shaw, W. J 240 Shaw, Isaiah 598 Shelly, William 424 Shore, T. B. 445 Shore, Wm. C 304 Shortridge, CM 102 Sinnott, John 547 Skinner, David E 431 Skinner, Morris 446 Smith, Bradley 546 Smith, C. C 229 Smith, Jacob 611 Smith, W. L 474 Snedaker, H 407 Snow, George W 429 Snyder, George W 411 Snyder, Jacob 606 Snyder, John 353 Spaulding, J. S 633 Spence, A. A 498 Spence, D. J 505 Spenee, R. B , 373 Spencer,F. E 86 Spencer, H. A 620 Spencer, J. N 642 Spencer, Wm. E 247 Spitzer, L. A 609 Spring, T. W 391 Steiger, Andrew 511 Stierlin, C. C 669 Stewart, G. W 457 Stock, John 512 Stockton, S. P 538 Stone, L. D 582 Stonier, J. H 224 Stout, J. C 6i2 Sullivan, Michael 242 Sullivan, M. R 582 Sullivan, P. G 297 Sund, Herman 587 Sutherland, Wm 542 Swall, George 519 Sweigart, J 613 Swope, Jacob 47o Swope, Jacob, Jr 470 T Taaffe, M. J 259 Taaffe,W. F 3S6 Tait, M^nus 320 Tantau, F. W 541 Tantau, Matthew 541 Taylor, E. L 327 Taylor, James 315 Taylor, S. P 637 Templeton, S 319 Theuerkauf, F 540 Theuerkauf, Miss M 520 Thomas, Chas. G. . ; 548 Thomas, E. M 458 Thomas, George E 54^ Thomas, Massey 611 Thomas, R. A 543 Thompson, J. F 103 Tilden, Mrs. S. E 277 Tillotson, H 542 Tisdale, W. D 191 Tomkin, A. R 374 Topham, Edward 438 Tourny, Julius 598 Towle, G. W 284 Towne, Peter 643 Townsend, J. H. M 57 Townsend, John 57 Trautham, W. H. B 108 Treanor, Thos 666 Trefren, J. L 343 Trimble, John 230 U Umbarger, David 253 V Vance, Thomas 370 Vandegrift, C. W 617 Van Fleet, A. N 289 Van Schaick, H. D 204 Varcoe, James 332 Vestal, D. C 371 Veuve, Wm. P 100 Vostrovski, J 391 W Wade, C. E 536 CONTENTS. Wade, E. H 269 Waite, John 351 Wakefield, L. H S96 Wakelee, C. H 654 Walker, Robert 321 Wallis, J. S 91 Walters, Henry 663 Warburton, H. H 241 Ward, W. F 645 Warden, B. A 107 Warren, Wm 345 Watson, Daniel W 421 Watson, D. L 662 Watson, Wm. 531 Weber, C. M 331 Wehner, Ernest 532 Welburn, O. M 340 Welch, George 365 Welch, Robert 429 Weller, J. R 220 Wenstrom, John 259 Wentz, Christian 308 Wert, Frank A 550 Wetmore, J. A 246 Whipple, T. S 395 Whitehurst, J. S 244 Whitney, George 343 Wilcox, E.J 597 Wilcox, Harvey 324 Wilcox, I. A 329 Wilder, A. E 311 Wilder, E. A 310 Willett, Larry 472 Willey, Howard 334 Williams, C. W 105 Williams, J. E 261 Williams, S. R 515 Wilson, Mrs. E. A 423 Wilson, C. G 356 Winsor, John 549 Withrow, A. A 392 Wood, A. H 480 Wood, David 342 Wood, Helen P 415 Woodhams, A. R 428 Woodhams, Joseph 428 Woodrow, W. L 265 Woodruff, L. D 460 Worcester, H. B 145 Worthen, G. W 426 Worthington, C. H 549 Wright, CD 94 Wright, James R 302 Wright, William 231 Y Yocco, Edward C , . 514 Young, C. W 547 Z Zanker, W 544 Zuck, James C 34' PORTRAITS. Angney, W. Z 313 Aram, Joseph 553 Balbach, John 5^9 Belden, David Frontispiece Bishop, S. A 657 Boring, S. W 601 Boulieu, Oliver 280 Boulieu, Mrs. Oliver 281 Breyfogle, C. W 191 Britton, M 273 Cash, A. B 545 Childs, C. W 338 Chipman, L. J 473 Crittenden, Orrin 369 Cross, George 537 Dawson, J. M 174 Eastin, Jamas W 649 Farney, Mark 521 Fox, B. S 414 Goodrich, L 225 Graves, Sylvester 433 Graves, Jacob 481 Hamilton, J. A 625 Headen, B. F 249 Herbert, W. B 497 Johnson, Peter ... 505 Keith, P. G 641 Langford, P. S 305 Lendrum, James 233 Leonard, H. M 257 Lupton, J. F 441 Martin, Patrick 491 McCarthy, Joseph 425 Murphy, James 55 Murphy, Martin 38 Ogier.J.H 2'9 Osborne, A. E ^ Potts, J. S 223 Raney, Felix S'3 Rengstorff, Henry ^17 Ross, Marcellus 4°9 Sanor, M 449 Sargent, J. P 665 Schloss, Louis 457 Scott, W. H 629 Senter, German 279 Settle, C. T 577 Snyder, John ■.. 353 Spaulding, J. S 633 Spitzer, L. A 609 Sullivan, P. G 297 Taylor, S. P 465 Van Fleet, A. N 289 Warburton, H. H 241 Wilcox, I. A 329 Woodrow, W. L 265 ILLUSTRATIONS.. Residence of the Late David Belden. ... 84 Residence of Oliver Boulieu 283 Residence of F. F. Britton 273 Prune Orchard of A. P. Chrisman 593 Santa Clara County Court House 139 Fruit-drying Establishment of W. W. Cozzens 617 Fredericksburg Brewery 197 Residence of the Late B. F. Headen, . . . 249 Shady Nook Home, Residence of Mrs. S. T. Ingall 585 Glen Wildwood, Residence of J, H. Joss- elyn 401 Residence and Orchard of H. A. Leigh. 489 Lick Observatory 126 Ringwood Farm, Residence of the Late James Murphy 56 Quito Olive Farm, Property of E. E. Goodrich i8o Residence of J. W. Ransom 385 Residence and Orchard of D. C. Riddell 393 San Jose Sewerage Map 160 Congress Hall, L. A. Sage Proprietor. . . 212 Fair View Farm of A. N. Van Fleet. . . . 289 Residence of Robert Walker 321 Farm and Vineyard of William Warren . . 345 BY KOU. JDJL-^rZID BE^X^IDKIT. r//£ FOLLOWING SKETCH OF THE SANTA CLARA VALLEY WAS PUBLISHED IN THE OVERLAND MONTHLY OF SAN FRANCISCO, JUNE, i8»j. TO the visitor approaching the Santa Clara Valley, each mile traversed ushers in some delightful surprise, introduces a new climate. If his advent be from the north, the hills of scanty verdure, which en- circle the bay, recede upon either hand and assume a softer contour and richer garb. The narrow road- way that skirts the salt marsh has widened to a broad and fertile valley that stretches, as far as the eye can reach, in luxuriant fields of grass and grain. Border- ing this verdant plain, in lines and splendors all their own, come the hills, and into the recesses of these hills creep the little valleys, and, as they steal away in their festal robes, they whisper of beauties beyond, and, as yet, unseen. In full keeping with the trans- formed landscape is the change in climate. Thq harsh, chill winds that pour in through the Golden Gate and sweep over the peninsula, have abated their rough vigor as they spread over the valley, and, softened as they mingle with the currents from the south, meet as a zephyr in the widening plain. If the approach be from the south, the traveler, wearied with the desert and its hot, dry airs, is conscious of a sudden change. The sterile desert has become a fruitful plain, and the air that comes as balm to the parched lungs is cool and soft and moist with the tempered breath of the sea. Upon every hand and to every sense there is a transformation that would scarce be looked for outside Arabian romance. If it 3 be spring or early summer, miles upon miles stretches the verdant plain ; over it troops sunshine and shadow; across it ripple the waves. Summer but changes the hue and heaps the plain with abundant harvests, while the first rains bring again the verdure and the beauty of spring. "An ocean of beauty!" exclaims the charmed be- holder. Nor is this comparison to the sea altogether an idle fancy. At a period geologically recent, the Sierra Nevadas and the Coast Ranges of mountains inclosed a basin about four hundred and fifty miles in length by about forty in width, comprising the present valleys of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. During the same period the region east of the Sierras, now embraced in the State of Nevada, and the Territories of Utah and Arizona, was an in- land sea connected with the Pacific by straits and inlets. The evaporation from this body of water affected materially the climate of the adjacent regions. Low- ering, as it must have done, the general temper- ature and increasing the humidity, it induced pre- cipitation from the saturated winds of the Pacific, while from its own evaporation it added materially to the rainfall it thus invited. From these causes, the precipitation of that period, both as to volume and duration, must have been greatly in excess of the present, and vegetation must have been correspond- (17) 18 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ingly more luxuriant. From the slopes of the mount- ain ranges the waters flowed southerly in a majestic stream, forming broad lakes as the basin widened, a river where the narrowing valley restricted its borders, until, passing through the bay of San Francisco, and the present valleys of Santa Clara and Pajaro, it found an outlet in Monterey Bay. In the era that measured the existence of this ancient river, it had borne in its turbid waters the disintegrations of the regions it traversed, and, in the ooze and slime of the lakes that intercepted its course and stilled its current, was the decaying mold of gen- erations of forests that had flourished on its banks. At a later geological period— probably the Quaternary — there was an upheaval of the southern part of this basin, its axis probably being near the present course of the Salinas River. With this rise came a depres- sion in the bay of San Francisco. The drainage was now to the north. The Coast Range was broken through at the Golden Gate, and the waters of the great basin found there their outlet to the sea; while the former lakes, uplifted and drained, were trans- formed into fertile plains. During the same period, the sea that lay to the east of the Sierras was cut off from the Pacific. The evaporation of this now land- locked basin was in excess of the rainfall, and gradu- ally these waters receded until, to-day, Salt Lake is the remnant of that inter-ocean which once extended through thirty degrees of latitude and from the Rocky Mountains to the Sierras. This, the recent history of these regions, the geologi- cal records upon every hand fully attest — here by beds of water- worn pebbles, by strata of clay (always the deposit of quiet waters) that underlie the whole valley, by the trunks of trees that the drill of the well-borer discovers hundreds of feet beneath the surface, and by the vast deposit of vegetable mold that forms everywhere the surface soil of the valley ; while to the east, mountains of marine shells and fossils, vast beds of salt, beach lines upon the slopes of the mountains, attest the existence of the sea that left these proofs of its presence and wrote with its fretful waves the story of its long companionship upon these rugged cliff's, and then shrank from them forever. With the subsidence of this sea, there came that change in climate which now characterizes this coast. The vapors from the Pacific were now absorbed by the dry air of this region, and the precipitation which the sea had promoted, the desert now prevented. The classification of these seasons as wet and dry often misleads — for while the latter is all that the term im- plies, the rainy season has as much of sunshine as of- storm, as the records abundantly show. A brief epitome of these seasons and the attendant phenom- ena will be given: — Beginning with the month of October, the signs of a coming change are apparent. The winds, no longer constant from one quarter, become variable both as to direction and force, or wholly cease. Sudden blasts raise miniature whirlwinds of dust and leaves, which troop over the fields, and the stillness of the night is broken by fitful gusts and the sudden wail of the trees as the breath of the coming winter sweeps through them. These are the recognized precursors of the season's change, and are usually followed, in the first ten days of October, by an inch or more of rain; and this, usually, by weeks of the finest weather. The effect of these first rains is magical. The dust is washed from the foliage and is laid in the roads and fields. The air has a fresh sparkle and life. The skies are a deeper azure, and the soft brown hills seem nearer and fairer than be- fore. It is the Indian summer of the East; but, instead of the soft lassitude of the dying year, here it comes with all the freshness and vigor of the new-born spring. If, in this and the succeeding months, there are further showers, the grass springs up on every hand, and the self-sown grain in all the fields. The hills change their sober russet for a lively green. Wild flowers appear in every sheltered nook. Hyacinths and crocuses bloom in the gardens, and the perfume of the violet is everywhere in the air. In the latter part of November the rainy season is fully established. A coming storm is now heralded by a strong, steady wind, blowing for a day or two from the southeast, usually followed by several days of rain, and these succeeded by days or weeks without a cloud — and thus, alternating between occasional storms and fre- quent sunshine, is the weather from October to April — the rainy season of California. The amount of rain that falls varies materially with the locality. In San Jose it is from fifteen to twenty inches, while, in places not ten miles distant, twice that amount is recorded. During this period there are from thirty to forty days on which more or less rain falls; from fifty to seventy that are cloudy; the rest, bright and pleasant. These estimates will vary with particular seasons; but, tak- ing the average of a series of years, it will be found that .from October to April one-half the days are cloudless, and fully three-fourths such that any out- door vocation can be carried on without discomfort or inconvenience. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 19 Cyclones and wind-storms are wholly unknown, and thunder is only heard at rare intervals, and then as a low rumble forty miles away in the mountains. With the month of March the rains are practically over, though showers are expected and hoped for in April. Between the first and tenth of May there usually falls from a half to three-fourths of an inch of rain. Coming as this does in the hay harvest, it is neither beneficial nor welcome. By the first of July the surface moisture is taken up and dissipated, and growth dependent upon this ceases. The grasses have ripened their seed, and, self-cured and dry, are the nutritious food of cattle and sheep. The fields of grain are yellow and ripe and wait but the reaper. Forest trees and shrubs have paused in their growth. This, to the vegetable world, is the season of rest. This is the winter of the Santa Clara Valley — winter, but strangely unlike winter elsewhere, for here man has interposed. Here, by art and by labor, he has reversed the processes of nature and constrained the course of the seasons. In gardens, bright with foliage and resplendent with flowers, there is spring in its freshness and beauty; while in orchards teeming with fruits, and vineyards purple with ripening grapes, summer and autumn vie for the supremacy. And so, with changing beauty and ceaseless fruition, pass the seasons of this favored clime. If in these seasons, the resident or the visitor finds but one succession of enjoyments, to the farmer and fruit grower they are of the utmost practical importance' as well as con- venience. Those months that in the East preclude all farming operations, are here the season of most active industry and preparation. With the rains of November plowing and seeding begin and continue with but little interruption to the first of March. If the rains are continued too late in the spring, the later- sown fields are usually cleaner crops and of superior quality, while without these later rains, the earlier- sown is likely to be most successful. It is in the J^arvesting, however, that the advantages are most apparent — an advantage hardly understood elsewhere and scarcely appreciated here. Here the favored farmer gathers his matured crop with no possibility of rain interfering, and with no thought of the storms that elsewhere make this a season of severest toil and constant anxiety. His hay, as he cuts it, falls upon soil as dry as is the air above it, and is cured without further handling or labor than to collect it in cocks or stacks. The grain, matured and dry, waits without waste or detriment for weeks or months for the reaper, and in October, and often far into November, the hay presses and threshers may be seen busy with the hay and grain that has remained in cocks or stacks for the past five months. For the fruit grower, these seasons are even more favorable than to the farmer. To the visitor, the thousands of acres of orchard and vineyard without a weed or a blade of grass to be seen, would rep- resent an apparent amount of labor and culture abso- lutely appalling — and so it would be — not merely appalling, but quite impossible under the climatic con- ditions of other regions. In sections where frequent rains, constant humidity, come with the summer, the seeds of every form of weeds ripen with every week of sunshine and germinate with every shower. The surface moisture usually favors their continued growth and development, and the only possible conditions for successful tillage are those of constant warfare with weeds. Here the seeds near the surface germinate with the winter rains and are turned under and de- stroyed with the first plowing. The surface dries to a depth of three or four inches-at the commencement of summer and so remains through the whole season. In this dry soil it is impossible for seeds to germinate or plants to live. Anyone who has ever attempted to start seeds in the summer knows how indispensable is constant moisture, and will readily understand how effectively this feature of the climate co-operates with the cultivator and preserves to trees and vines all of the moisture and nutrition that the soil contains. The Californians' estimate of the climate of their State has been the theme of much facetious comment. In view of the fact that elsewhere those who are able, spend half the year on the St. Lawrence or the coast of Maine, to escape the heat of summer, and the other half in Cuba, Florida, or on the shores of the Medi- terranean, to avoid the rigors of winter; that, in fact, most of their lives are migrations in search of climate — the residents of this State may accept with equa- nimity the badinage of these birds of passage, and may well felicitate themselves upon those conditions that bring to their very door the summer of the Thousand Isles and the winter of the Antilles. That this is not an exaggeration is easily shown. Ther- mometrical records, however accurately kept, are quite apt to mislead those who seek to deduce from them practical results. There are many important conditions not ex- pressed in these observations. It is well understood that from the dryness of the air, forty degrees below zero is more tolerable in Dakota than thirty degrees 20 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." higher in the humid air of the Atlantic seaboard ; and, for the same reason, and almost in the same ratio, as to heat. It would be but little consolation to a person to know that, some thousands of miles away, the temperature from which he was suffering would be quite endurable. So as to averages which usually form a conspicuous feature of these records. It is not from the averages, but from the extremes, that men suffer and vegetation dies. Nor do even the ex- tremes represent the effect — their continuance is im- portant. A plant often survives a severe frost and then succumbs to a much lighter repetition, and a degree of heat that may be endured for a day, be- comes intolerable when continued for several. In view of these well-recognized facts, I propose to present the question of temperature as shown by effects which are readily appreciated by all, rather than by compilations of figures thus liable to .mislead. The rains of October are usually followed by frosts, sufificiently sharp, in the lowlands of the valley, to kill the more delicate plants. During the months of De- cember, January, and February these frosts are more frequent and severe. Every variety of grapes, figs, olives — in short, all the semi-tropic plants — remain unaffected by the frosts. Callas, fuchsias, geraniums, and heliotropes, when grown by the wall of a house, in the shade of an evergreen, or given the slightest covering, flourish and bloom through any winter, and, in many seasons, do so without any protection what- ever. * Every known variety of rose flourishes without the least protection, and not only do they retain their leaves, but there is not a day in the winter when blossoms, hardly inferior to those of June, cannot be gathered in the open grounds of any garden. The lemon verbena shrub here attains a height of from ten to twenty feet, with a trunk from two to ten inches in diameter. Bees increase their stores during the rainy season, and every clear day humming-birds and butterflies appear in the gardens. For personal comfort, fires are usually started in the morning, die down toward noon, and are rekindled for the evening. As little fire as can be kept burn- ing, usually suffices for comfort. There are days, stormy, damp, or cold, when more fire is required. Such days are the exception, however, and the rule is as stated. Within the last twenty years snow has fallen in San Jose on three occasions. In no instance was it over three inches in depth. It disappeared before night- fall of the day on which it fell, and its presence trans- formed the usually staid city into a snow-balling carnival. In the dry season, beginning with April, the mornings are clear, calm, and not unpleasantly warm. About noon, a brisk breeze from the bay blows down the valley. This, harsh as it sweeps in through the Golden Gate, is soft and mild here. It goes down with the sun, and the night that follows is calm and cool. A high, light fog sometimes hangs over the valley in the morning, but disappears by eight or nine o'clock. During the summer months, three or four heated terms may be expected. These are usually in periods of three days, and the ther- mometer indicates from ninety degrees to ninety-five degrees Fahrenheit. Upon the morning of the fourth day a fog generally appears, a cool breeze springs up, and the former temperature is restored and maintained for weeks before another heated term. As these periods are the extreme of the season, some indicia will be given by which they may be under- stood and estimated. Through a part of these days, exposure to the sun is disagreeably hot, but not dangerously so. Under the shade of a tree or in the shelter of a well-constructed house, it is perfectly com- fortable. The evenings that follow are so cool that persons rarely sit upon the porches of their houses, and a pair of blankets is required for comfort while sleeping. Summarizing, it may be said that, in any part of the year, days too hot or too cold for the comfort of those engaged in ordinary outdoor vocations are rare, and that a night uncomfortably warm is absolutely un- known. It may be added that the fears and fore- bodings with which the seasons are elsewhere greeted, are here unheard of; coming with no rigors, they bring no terrors, and are alike welcomed by all, not as a relief but as a change. In these conditions, health and personal comfort are largely subserved, and also in them the horticultural possibilities, of which we are to-day but upon the threshold, are assured; and these, the elements of present and of prospective prosperity, are as constant as the ocean currents in which they have their origin, as perma- nent as the mountain ranges which bound the field of their exhibition. The county of Santa Clara has an area of rather more than a million of acres. Of this, about two hundred and fifty thousand acres is valley — the an- cient lake bed, or the alluvial deposits of existing streams — three hundred thousand acres is rolling hills and mountain slopes, well adapted to fruit; the PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 21 residue valuable, principally for pasturage. While the general contour presented by the valley is that of a level plain, it is, in fact, a series of gentle undu- lations, with marked variations in the quality of the soil. In what is now, or has recently been, the lower portions of this plain, the soil is a black, tenacious clay, known as "adobe." It is very fertile and pro- ductive, but requires much care as to the time and manner of cultivating it, and is well adapted to hay and grain. The higher lands of the valley are a light, loamy, and sometimes gravelly soil. This is easily cultivated and is well adapted to all the cereals and to most varieties of fruit. In the vicinity of the bay there are many thousands of acres of salt marsh. No effort worthy the name has been made to reclaim them, though the task would seem a not difficult one. It is safe to predict that at no distant day these lands will be reclaimed and among the most productive and valuable in the county. The "warm belt" is a tract upon the slopes of the hills that environ the valley. It has an altitude of from two hundred to eight hundred feet. It is gen- erally, and in some localities wholly, free from frost. In this belt, to the east of Milpitas, potatoes, peas, etc., are grown in the open air through the whole winter, for the San Francisco market. Upon the Los Gatos and Guadalupe Rivers are some hundreds of acres, formerly dense willow thickets, but now in the highest state of cultivation. These lands are regarded as the most desirable in the valley. The soil is a sedimentary deposit, easily cultivated, requiring but little irrigation, and producing every variety of fruit and vegetable. Thirty miles south of San Jose is the town of Gilroy. The soil of the valley is here fertile and productive. Over a considerable portion, the subterranean moisture maintains the growing pastures throughout the year, and some of the most successful dairies in the State are here established. The more elevated parts of the valley and the slopes of the hills are well adapted to fruits and vines. The summers of Gilroy are warmer and drier than in San Jose. The cool winds from the bay are materially softened as they sweep down the valley, and the differences of temperature between the day and night are not so marked. The air is mild and balmy, and the nights agreeably cool and pleasant. The water courses within the county greatly di- minish, when they do not wholly disappear, in the sum- mer. Sinking, as they approach the valley, they augment the subterranean resources which supply the artesian wells. These are found all over the valley. They are usually from sixty to one hundred feet in depth, though some find a larger and more permanent supply at a much greater depth. The water is raised by windmills into tanks, and is ample for household and gardening purposes. About Alviso and near the bay, hundreds of acres of strawberries and of vege- table gardens are irrigated from these wells, and the water rises to the surface with such force that the most massive appliances are required to restrain the flow. Of the varied productions of this valley it is difficult to speak in terms which shall not savor of exagger- ation. The question is no longer what can, but what cannot, be successfully produced. With the early settlers cattle were the staple, and of the vast herds which roamed over the country, little more than the hides and tallow were utilized. The cereals, it was supposed, could only be grown in the summer, and where irrigation was afforded. The gold discovery changed all this. It furnished not only a market for the cattle, but, soon after, it was ascertained that the rainy months were the season of growth, and that wheat sown with the early rains matured enormous crops of the finest quality. The success which at- tended this last industry relegated the cattle interest to the extensive and less valuable ranges eastward, while the prodigal quantity and superior quality of the wheat produced enabled it, not only to success- fully compete with all rivals in the markets of the world, but to fix for years the price of the bread of a hundred millions of people. As the herdsman had given way to the tiller of the soil, so the latter, and for the same reason, has made way for a more profit- able industry — the growing of fruits. That this has not long since supplanted all other industries was not from any doubt as to production or quality, but simply as to transportation. This problem satisfactorily solved, and the fruit growers of this valley can have no successful rivals. To-day, with this industry comparatively new, its means of transportation a monopoly, its markets but recently found, and its methods of reaching these markets an experiment — with all these to contend against, the fruits of this valley are as well known and highly esteemed in the markets of the East and of the world as are those of Sicily, Asia Minor, and the Adriatic — where ages have been given to the in- dustry, where skilled labor is at the very lowest stage of compensation — and the ocean is the easy pathway to a world of consumers. The capacity of this valley in this direction is no new discovery. It is as old as 22 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." its settlement. A hundred years ago the Mission Fathers introduced the grape which still bears their name and perpetuates their memory; and orchards of pear and olive, coeval with these vineyards, still bear abundantly, and attest alike the capacity of the re- gion and the judgment and forethought of those who thus demonstrated it, while the older records make frequent mention of planting and vintage, the fruits and the harvests of those ancient days. But neither record nor relics is needed to show the varied capacity of this region. The valley, upon every hand, is to-day exhibiting it. By the side of his fields sown to grain or in grass, the farmer plants an orchard or a vine- yard ; between the rows of trees or of vines he tills and plants as before, and gathers full harvests of roots, etc., while waiting the fruition of his trees. His labors alternate between his fields of grain and of vines, and his teams are to-day transporting from his farm tons of hay for the market, and tons of grapes for the winery. Nature, in everything prodigal, is in nothing invidi- ous, and were the fruit production to absolutely cease, the valley would remain one of the richest agri- cultural regions of the globe. I have referred to the wheat production, still successfully continued, except where supplanted by some more profitable product. Its hay crop is to-day the principal supply of the San Francisco market. In the vicinity of Santa Clara are fields of corn that never felt rain nor knew irrigation, and that will compare favorably with the crops of the valley of the Mississippi, while, besides this, whole farms are growing garden seeds, which have long commanded the highest prices in the Eastern markets. Extensive hop yards were established, and the vines grew and bore luxuriantly, and only the high price of labor prevented their being to-day a staple of the valley. Near Gilroy some of the most successful as well as extensive dairies in the State are established, while in the Santa Cruz Mountains, upon the west, petroleum is found, and its further development prose- cuted with every prospect of success. Of the fruit product of this county it is impossible to speak accu- rately — difficult to speak instructively. At the pres- ent writing, enormous cannerie.s, employing thousands of laborers, are running night and day. Drying ap- paratuses on every hand, and in almost every field, are employed, while, in every direction, acres upon acres are covered with bags of fruit preserved by drying in the sun — every resource of labor or of mechanism is tasked to the utmost, and even the school vacation is extended that the children may aid to preserve the enormous crop. The orchards in bearing are generally increasing in their yield and will continue so to do for many years, while extensive areas are coming into bearing and the planting of new orchards and vineyards is constantly going on. In fact, the system of summer culture which renders irrigation unnecessary, makes all the arable land in the county available for fruit. In view of these facts, estimates would be but the merest con- jecture. One thing may be said — that all the fruits of the temperate zone, and most of the semi-tropical fruits, are now grown in the greatest perfection and in quantities which tax to the utmost the resources and labor attainable to gather and preserve them. Orange trees have been grown for many years in this county (in San Jose more for ornament than for fruit), gener- ally seedlings, and with no care as to either selection or culture. In the vicinity of San Jose considerable groves have been growing for twenty years, produc- ing abundant crops of well-flavored fruit. The citrus fairs held last year (1887) in San Jose and other places, showed the very extensive sections where these fruits were being successfully grown ; and this, with the stimulus of a market, has induced the planting of orange trees throughout the warm belt of this county. That these trees will grow, and luxuriantly, and that they are not affected by the frost, is estab- lished; and that certain varieties will mature excel- lent fruit, is certain. If, however, it shall be found wanting in the flavor or qualities of the oranges of Tahiti or Florida, it is because it does not have the long hot season — the burning days and sweltering nights — of those countries. I question whether it would be desirable to accept that climate, though with it we could secure this single production. The great and increasing extent of the fruit pro- duction, the fact that over much of the State it is being prosecuted with energy, suggests the frequent inquiry, "Where is the future market for all this to be found? This is the inquiry that, at some stage of development, confronts every form of industrial enter- prise, whether the product of the soil or the result of manufacture. The subject is too extensive and too intricate to here receive but the briefest consideration. The fruit product of this State is the result of special climatic conditions existing within restricted limits. Unlike manufactures, this form of production cannot PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 23 be extended by either art or enterprise. Upon tiie other hahd, the consumers will be found wherever any industry can be maintained, or men can exist. If, then, fruit production shall increase in geometrical ratio, nature has fixed the limits within which this progression must cease, while no such bounds exist to the range of consumption. Farther than this, experience and invention are constantly diminishing the cost of production and thus enlarging the class of consumers. If wheat and wool, staples of the world, and everywhere grown, are rarely found in excess of profitable production, it may fairly be assumed that these special products of Cali- fornia, thus limited to an area and restricted as to conditions; will be always a profitable industry. The question, however important, is at present but one of speculation, and time alone can give the full solution. Dependent as this region is upon the regular rains of winter, the knowledge that these sometimes fail makes the subject of rainfall one of much anxious consider- ation. There is a theory that the seasons move in cycles of twelve years, passing, by regular gradation, from a maximum to a minimum rainfalHn. that period and culminating in a season of floods and of drought at the other. The observations of the last few years do not fully support this theory of gradual transition, although records extending back to the year 1805 seem to indicate that the twelfth year is deficient in rain. Should these dry years recur in the future, the disastrous and destructive consequences of the past are" not likely to follow. The industry of the State was then cattle raising and the country was stocked to its fullest capacity. With a drought the short-lived natural grasses failed; the water courses dried up, and, as no provision had been made for supplying either, the cattle perished by thousands. At present, the land is more profitably utilized in other pursuits, and cattle are comparatively few, and for these, some provision can be made. Trees and vines, though their product may be diminished, are not de- stroyed by a drought, however severe. Large areas of irrigated lands will furnish vast supplies of forage food, and the reclaimed sections contribute in the same direction, while railroads transport these prod- ucts as needs may require. A further consideration — the possible effect of artificial conditions upon rain- fall — may be worth estimating. It has been often as.serted that the cutting off of the forests of the Sierras and the Coast Range would diminish the rain- fall, and in other ways prove detrimental to the moisture supply. If this, as a consequence of denu- dation, follows anywhere, it may be doubted whether it does here. In almost every instance the removal of the timber is followed by a dense growth of young trees or of thicket, and the effect of this, either as in- ducing precipitation or retaining moisture, must be fully equal to that of the larger but scattering trees thus replaced. Further than this, in the valley of the San Joaquin, hundreds of square miles of prairie and plains are now, by irrigation, thoroughly saturated, and from waters that had their former evaporation surface in the area of a comparatively small lake. On the slopes of the Sierras the same causes are at work. Water stored in immense reservoirs is conducted in canals to thousands of acres of orchards and vineyards. These causes, large at present and constantly enlarg- ing, cannot but produce some effect upon the rainfall of this coast. Regions that before absorbed the moist- ure, now, by their own evaporation, contribute to it and induce precipitation. If it be argued that these causes are inadequate to the results suggested, it may be replied that forest and prairie fires, the burning of cities, the firing of cannon, are known to be followed by copious rains. The meteorological conditions that' accompany a saturated atmosphere, are often very nearly in equilibrium, and a very slight disturbing cause may determine for or against precipitation. The causes I have indicated are neither transitory nor insignificant. They embrace areas equal in ex- tent to States, and are affecting, in a marked degree, the temperature and climate of these extensive re- gions. If any consequences shall follow from these changes, every reason seems to indicate that they will be found in an increased rainfall and against the re- currence of drought. ***** In this description of the capabilities and climate of the Santa Clara Valley, I have substantially de- scribed San Jose — for this is her environment, these are her resources, this the rich setting of which the "Garden City" is the central gem. * * * The roads of San Jose and vicinity are wide, well- graded and ballasted with gravel and rock, of which there is an inexhaustible supply in the immediate vicinity. Unaffected by frost or flood, they improve with use and require but little attention to maintain them in the finest condition. Each year adds many miles to the hundreds of miles now in use, while the trees with which most of them are bordered are rapidly developing them into stately avenues. These roads, as they extend into the country, are little affected by either the rains 24 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." of winter or the droughts of summer, and deHghtful drives, free from either mud or dust, are to be found in every direction and at all times. The residents thoroughly appreciate and fully avail themselves of this attractive feature of the county, and probably in no place in the country are so many teams to be found driven w^ith perfect confidence, not only by w^omen, but often by the merest children. To the visitor who drives at random over these roads, every turn brings a new surprise, reveals a new beauty. Now the road is through an avenue of stately trees ; then comes a succession of gardens ; and again it is the abandoned channel of a former stream, where giant and gnarled sycamores and old oaks shade the way, and then for miles a bewildering succession of vineyards, orchards, and fruitful fields; while every- where, half hidden in the orchards, nestling among the vines, embowered amid the roses, stately man- sions and beautiful cottages bespeak alike the thrift and refinement of their occupants. When the stranger thus finds each day, and for months, a new avenue, with new beauties before and about him, he will give credence to the assertion that here are to be found more delightful drives than in any other city of the State, and will declare it fitly named the "Garden City." Of the hundreds of miles of these drives, which lead in every direction, some are deserving of more than this general mention. The Alameda, a broad and beautiful avenue leading to Santa Clara, is three miles in length, as level as a floor, and shaded by trees planted by the Mission Fathers a hundred years ago. Bordered throughout its whole extent with beautiful residences, it puzzles the passer-by to know where San Jose ends and her sister city begins. Another notable drive is to Alum Rock, a distance of seven miles over a road as perfect as art can make it, through a deep gorge with a prattling stream keeping company, to a natural park of four hundred acres owned by the city. Here, in a sheltered nook, a comfortable hotel, shaded by mighty oaks, is kept, with mineral springs of every quality and every temperature bubbling up in every direction. Sc-irce a day in the summer that a party is not found picnicking in this park, and making the hills ring with music and merriment. To the west, within a dozen miles, is the Almaden quicksilver mine, em- ploying three hundred laborers, and supporting a population of a thousand ; a place interesting as being the richest deposit of cinnabar on the continent, or perhaps in the world, and also for the thorough system and scrupulous neatness exhibited on every hand. Another drive is to the Guadalupe, second only to the Almaden; another to Los Gatos, where all the zones and all the seasons seem to have combined to crown this favored spot with the choicest treasures of them all; another to Saratoga, with its soda spring, unsurpassed in the State, gushing from the hill-side; to Lexington, last of this triad of mountain beauties; and everywhere — in the little valleys, garlanding the hill-sides, climbing to the very summit of the mount- ains — orchards, orange groves, and vineyards. The drive into these hills is always delightful ; but it is in the spring, when everything is in bloom, that it ap- pears in all its glory. Then, as far as the eye can reach, hill-side and plain are decked in all the splendors of the rainbow. Here the white blossoms of the prune sway in the breeze like drifting snow, while, beside these, the valley is blushing with the dainty hues of the apricot, the peach, and the apple, and the vineyards are upon every side, in their delicate green. It is, in fact, one vast parterre of floral beauty — its coloring by acres — and .stretching away for miles, until the distant hills frame in the gorgeous picture. In all these mountain villages are to be found hotels, cozy and pleasant, and as the guest sits in the evening upon the porches and sees the lamps of the distant city twinkling like fireflies below him, with the electric lights gleaming like planets above them, with the soft, dry air that stirs but in zephyrs, he can but feel that this is indeed an earthly elysium. In the morning a striking sight sometimes awaits the visitor. The sky is blue and cloudless as ever, but the valley has disappeared. A fog has crept in during the night and engulfed the plain, as though the ocean was asserting its old dominion. Upon every hand the hills, that held the ancient sea in their long embrace, now clasp this fleeting phantom as though in its shadowy image there were cherished memories of the past. Above it^ like islands, rise hills and peaks. As still as fleecy wool sleeps this soft white sea. But even while you look and wonder, the sun asserts his power and the still lake swells in waves and rolls in billows. Through rifts, you catch ghmpses of houses, of forests, and of fields, and then — you know not how, you see not where — the fleecy mantle is gone, and the valley, in sheen and sunshine, is again before you. Eighteen miles east of San Jose, upon the summit of Mount Hamilton, is the Lick Observatory. The road by which it is reached is twenty-four miles in length, was built by the county at a cost of $85,000 and is as complete as money and skill can make it. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 25 It connects with the Alum Rock Avenue, about four miles from San Jose, and from this point is carried up the western slope of the hill. As the road ascends, the valley comes into view, each turn of the road dis- closing some new charm. Seven miles of this and the road passes to the eastern side; the valley is no longer in sight. But with this change comes a new attraction. You are now in the mountains, and deep gorges upon the one hand, and the steep hill-side on the other, make the landscape; again, and the road is traversing valleys gorgeous with wild flowers or roll- ing hills dotted with stately oaks. Ten miles of this and Smith Creek is reached. Here, in a charming nook of the mountain half encircled by a sparkling stream, a comfortable hotel is found. Near as the summit appears from this point, there is yet fifteen hundred feet of sheer ascent and the road winds three times round the peak and is seven miles long in as- cending it. As the summit is approached the valley unrolls before you like a vast panorama, and the picture that was left behind is again in view; until, at last, at a height of four thousand two hundred and fifty feet, you are at the observatory. From here, the view is grand and impressive. At your feet, dotted with villages and rimmed with a cordon of protecting hills, sleeps the valley in all its loveliness, and, beside it, the Bay of San Francisco, flecked with the sails of commerce. To the east, the snow-clad peaks of the Sierras bound the distant horizon, while south, the valley stretches away till hid by the misty hills. Upon the west are the forest slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains, with lakes and reservoirs that gleam in the sunlight like burnished silver; while, upon the more distant horizon, a lighter shade tells where sea and sky meet and mingle in the blue Pacific. North, if the day is clear, you are pointed to a dim shadow scarce outlined on the dis- tant sky, and, as you strive to fix the wavering, doubt- ful image, you are told that this is Shasta, which, four hundred miles distant and fourteen thousand four hundred and forty feet high, is enthroned in undis- puted majesty over the great valley. As you note this horizon stretching away on every hand, you can readily accept the statement of Professor Whitney, that from the summit of this mountain, more of the earth's surface is visible than from any other known point upon the globe ; and the blue sky and trans- lucent atmosphere attest the assertion that there are here twice the number of nights that are favorable to observations than are anywhere else to be found. Upon this height stands the observatory, which the 4 founder decreed should have the most powerful glass and thorough equipment that- skill and ingenuity could produce; and most thoroughly have those assigned to this duty executed their trust. If years have been employed for the erection of these buildings, it is because they are to remain for the centuries, and they are as massive and as durable as the rock of which they seem but a part. In the equipment, the scientific knowledge and mechanical ingenuity of the world were called into requisition, and this is the grand result. Nor are the appoint- ments of this place, perfect and ample as they are, better adapted to its purposes than are the natural surroundings. Elsewhere, observatories are erected amid the busy marts of trade, and among the haunts of men. Here, the rugged mountain forbids all other companionship, and sterility and solitude keep sen- tinel watch at the portals of this temple of science. It is fitting that this be so, for what, to the watcher of the skies, are the aspirations of life, the ambitions of men? What to him are the boundaries of nations or the measures of time? The field of his explorations is illimitable space, the unit of his line, the vast orbit of the earth. The centuries of Egypt, hoary with age, are scarce seconds on his dial. The Pharaohs are to him but men of yesterday. He gauges the nebulous mist that enwraps Orion, that veils Andro- meda, and proclaims the natal day of systems yet to be. He notes the changing hues and waning light of blazing stars, and declares when, rayless and dark, with retinues of dead worlds, they shall journey on in the awful stillness of eternal night. Well may he who deals with these, the problems of the skies, dwell alone and apart from other men. In the central pier, which supports the great tele- scope, is the tomb of James Lick. Lonely in this life, alone in his resting-place; this seems indeed his fit mausoleum, and the visitor reads, though it be un- written, as his epitaph, the inscription in England's great cathedral on the tomb of its architect: "St monumentum requiris, circumspice.'' The return trip is much more agreeable than the ascent. As the carriage sweeps down the mountain road, with its many curves, the landscape again un- folds with scenes and shades that come and go like the figures of a kaleidoscope; and, in three short hours, the traveler is again in San Jose, with recol- lections of the mountain road, the marvelous prospect, the lofty mountains, and the lonely tomb, that can never be eff-aced. ****** Much of the happiness of a community depends upon 26 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.'" the social habits of its people. In San Jose, social gatherings and festivities, picnics and excursions, are more frequent than in most Eastern communities. The weather permits, and the disposition of the people encourages them; and those relaxations which, in most places, are the privilege of the few, are here the practice of the many. In the summer, many families resort to the hills or to the shores of Monterey Bay. Here, in cottages readily hired, in tents or booths, they remain for weeks, relieved of much of the formality, as well as the drudgery, of ordinary domes- tic life. Others, more adventurous, make up expedi- tions to the Sierras, Yosemite, or even Shasta. They take their own teams, and in capacious wagons store the bedding and supplies required for a month or more of nomadic life. Of the weather they take no heed, for that is assured. Wherever night overtakes them they camp, and remain or move on as inclination or fancy may prompt From the farm-houses they replenish their larder and procure feed for their teams. And they return after weeks of this gypsy life, with bronzed cheeks, to re- sume with vigor the duties of life, to live over their past wanderings, and to plan new expeditions for the i*. . i.. . J-Q ^ 'P ■t'' * TP 1^ T^ '^ TF In this paper I have endeavored to represent to the visitor the surroundings he will here find; to the settler, the conditions with which he will have to deal. I shall make no attempt to forecast even the near future; it is proclaiming itself The tramp of a coming host is upon every hand — the tide of a human sea, impelled by forces that permit no ebb. It comes, and between the desert and the sea it finds the prom- ised land — Egypt in its fertility; Sicily in its fruits and fliowers; Italy in its beauty; America in its free- dom, its enterprise, and its energy. The Kativk; Races. THE reader will have acquired a good idea of the topography of climate and general character- istics of Santa Clara County from the foregoing sketch from the pen of the Honorable D. Belden. In regard to the people who inhabited this lovely spot prior to its occupancy by the whites, we have very little knowledge either by record or tradition, nor is it necessary that we should have. They were a race of mild-mannered, ignorant, and generally inoffensive Indians, without language, customs, or history, that would be either instructive or entertain- ing to the general reader. The only interest we have in them is that they were the immediate predecessors of the white race in this beautiful valley. They were called the Olhones, sometimes Costanes, and subsisted on the spontaneous fruits of the soil, together with small game which they were enabled to kill or capture with their rude implements or weapons. Like nearly all the natives of the Pacific Coast, both of North and South America, they worshiped the sun, but this was about the only point in which they resembled their Southern neighbors. While Cortez and Pizarro found in Mexico and Peru a sort of civilization, the natives of California had nothing that redeemed them from absolute barbarism. They believed in an evil spirit, and their religious rites and ceremonies were principally devoted to its propitiation rather than to the adoration of a Supreme Being, with power to protect them from the anger of their evil god. In this they seem to have resembled the Chinese. Their religious idea of rewards and punishments appertained to their material existence. If they had any belief in a future state they had nothing to indi- cate it except, perhaps, in their funeral ceremonies, in which they decorated the corpse with feathers, flowers, and beads, and, placing his bows and arrows beside the remains, burned them amid shouts and cries. They had one custom which was common to all the Indians along' the coast, but whether it was a religious ceremony, a sanitary measure, or a recreation, we are not informed. It was called the temescal. An adobe house, in the shape of a dome, was built on the banks of a creek. It had a hole in the top for the escape of the smoke, while an aperture at the side served the purpose of a door. The ceremony, if it can properly be called such, consisted in packing the interior of the hut with people, raising the temperature by means of fires to as high a degree as possible. When the heat became unendurable they would rush from the hut and with cries and shouts plunge into the waters of the creek. They had no villages, in the ordinary sense of the term, but at certain seasons of the year they would herd together at certain fixed places, which the Spaniards named rancherias. They were generally peaceable. We have no record of any wars in which they were engaged, nor have any relics of pre-historic battle-fields been found by their successors. After the secularization of the missions there was at one time a rumor that the Indians were on the war-path and were making threatening demonstrations toward this valley; but it was only a rumor, and we can find no authentic account of any overt act- that could be logically construed into organized hostility. They had no prominent men or noted chiefs whose names survive. The Seminoles had their Osceola, the Shawnees had Tecumseh, the Pokanokets had King Philip, the Sacs and Foxes had Blackhawk, the Cayu- gas had Logan, but the Olhones have left not even a ripple on the sea of oblivion into which they have so recently passed. Not much can be said of these natives that would be interesting — nothing that would be instructive. Our history begins where theirs ended. Their existence here served as a motive for the estab- lishment of the Mission of Santa Clara, which was the beginning of civilization in Santa Clara Valley, and the real starting-point for our history. (27) 28 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." SPANISH OCCUPATION. In 1776, the natal year of our republic, Califor- nia was a province of Spain and was governed through the viceroy of Mexico, whose headquarters were established at the city of Mexico. The Span- ish monarch at that time was Don Carlos III., and the Mexican viceroy was Felipe de Neve. The banner of the Holy Church had been carried in the van of the Spanish forces in all their military opera- tions in the Western Hemisphere, and all their con- quests had been made in nomine Dominis. The introduction of the arts of civilization into the con- quered provinces proceeded on the same principle. The first step was to afford religious instruction to the natives, and to this end missions under the control of the church were established at such points as were deemed advisable. At the time of which we write, seven of these missions had been established in Upper or Alta California, to wit: The Mission San Diego, at San Diego, July 16, 1769; the Mission Car- mel, or San Carlos, at Monterey, June 3, 1770; the Mission San Antonio, at San Luis Obispo, July 14, 1 771; the Mission San Gabriel, at Los Angeles, September 8, 1771; the Mission San Luis Obispo, at San Luis Obispo, September i, 1772; the Mission Dolores, at San Francisco, October 9, 1776; the Mission San Juan Capistrano, at Los Angeles, November 10, 1776. At this time the Spaniards had a military post, called a presidio, at San Francisco, which was then known as Yerba Buena. It seems that in all the enterprises undertaken by the Spaniards in the New World, the church had concurrent jurisdiction with the military authority. In fact, almost all the com- mands issuing from the crown placed the church first, and the military force was treated simply as an auxiliary in the work of introducing the Christian religion to the heathen inhabitants of New Spain. These two powers generally acted in harmony. There was no restriction of the Holy Fathers in their selec- tion of sites for their missions, and no hesitation on the part of the military authorities in granting a guard of soldiers for their protection when asked for. Official information in regard to the founding and conduct of the missions was conveyed to the headquarters of church and State through two distinct channels, that is to say, the church received its report through the priesthood and the State through the commandants of the districts furnishing the military support. In 1776 the viceroy of Mexico learned, unofficially, that two new missions had been established near the Bay of San Francisco, and in September of that year he sent a communication to Don Fernando Riviera, who was at that time commanding at San Diego, conveying this intelligence and asking him to make an inspection and return a full report. This meant, for Don Fernando, a march of several hundred miles through a wild country and over rugged mountains, but military discipline did not permit him to hesitate. Accompanied by twelve soldiers, intended as guards for the new missions, he proceeded northward. After a long and tiresome journey the party arrived at Monterey. Here Don Fernando learned that the viceroy had been misinformed ; that, instead of two new missons, only one had been established, and that one at San Francisco (Dolores). Father Tomas de la Pefia, and another priest, who had been appointed to perform the religious duties of the expedition, joined the party at Monterey, and together they started on their journey to San Francisco. Their route was nearly identical with that now occupied by the South- ern Pacific Railroad. During the march the party made a halt near the present town site of Santa Clara, and being impressed with the salubrity of the climate and the wonderful fertility of the soil, as evidenced by the natural vegetation, they determined to there locate a mission for the instruction of the mild- mannered natives, whose curiosity was barely sufficient to conquer their timidity. This -was in the latter part of the month of Novem- ber, a season when our lovely valley possesses a peculiar beauty, and which, it seems, was sufficient to entrance these holy friars, although they had long been accustomed to the delightful climate of what is now known as Southern California. This valley was then known as the San Bernardino. The party pro- ceeded to San Francisco, which they reached on the twenty-sixth of November. Having discharged his official duties at the presidio, Don Fernando re- turned to Monterey, and, at the Mission Carmel, took the preliminary steps toward establishing a mission at the place which had so charmed him on his journey to San Francisco. A patty, under the direction of Rev. Father Murguia, was organized and started for their new field. By the last of December all the soldiers intended for guards, together with their families, were mustered at San Francisco, and on the sixth day of January took their departure for this valley. The party consisted of Rev. Father de la Pefia, the com- mandant of the presidio, and the soldiers and their families. On reaching their destination a cross was PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 29 erected, and on the twelfth day of January, 1777, the first mass ever said in the valley was celebrated by Father Pena. This planting of the symbol of the church and the celebration of its rites marks the true beginning of the history of the Santa Clara Valley. The cross which was then upraised still stands erect and marks the dividing line between idolatry and Christianity — be- tween barbarism and civilization. A few days after this Father Murguia arrived from Monterey with his party, and on January 18, 1777, the formal ceremonies prescribed by the church for the founding of missions were performed, and the Mission of Santa Clara was established ; and from this time this valley, which had hitherto been known as San Bernardino, became the Valley of Santa Clara. That our readers may more readily comprehend the work of the missions we present the follow! g brief general description, as given by Father Gleeson in his work entitled, "History of the Catholic Church in California:" — "The buildings were generally quadrilaterals inclos- ing a court ornamented with fountains and trees, the whole containing the church, the Fathers' apartments, storehouses, barracks, etc. Within the quadrangle, at the second story, was a gallery running round the entire structure, upon which opened the workshops, store- rooms and other apartments. The entire manage- ment of each establishment was under the care of two religious ; the elder attended to the interior and the younger to the exterior administration. One portion of the building, which was called the 'monastery,' was inhabited by the young Indian girls. There, under the care of approved matrons, they were care- fully instructed and trained in those branches neces- sary for their condition in life. They were not per- mitted to leave till of an age to be married — this with a view of preserving their morality. " In the schools, those who exhibited more talent than their companions were taught vocal and instru- mental music, the latter consisting of the flute, horn, and violin. In the mechunical departments, the most apt were promoted to the position of foremen. The better to preserve the morals of all, none of the whites, except those absolutely necessary, were em- ployed at the mission. The daily routine was as follows: At sunrise they arose and proceeded to the church, where, after morning prayer, they assisted at the holy sacrament of the mass. Breakfast next followed, after which they proceeded Jp their respect- ive employments. Toward noon they returned to the mission and spent the time from then till two o'clock between dinner and repose, after which they repaired to their work and remained engaged until the even- ing angelus, about an hour before sundown. All then betook themselves to the church for evening devotions, which consisted of the ordinary family prayers and the rosary, except on special occasions, when other devotional exercises were added. After supper, which immediately followed, they amused themselves in divers sports, games, and dancing, till the hour for repose. Their diet consisted of an abundance of beef and mutton, with vegetables in the season. Wheaten cakes and puddings or por- ridges, called atole and pinole, also formed a portion of the repast. The dress Was, for the males, linen shirts and pants, and a blanket which was to be used as an overcoat. The women received each, annually, two undergarments, a gown, and a blanket. In years of plenty, after the missions became rich, the Fathers distributed all the surplus moneys among them in clothing and trinkets." From this it will be seen that the good Fathers had a care over the temporal as well as the spiritual wel- fare of their charges. Santa Clara Mission soon became a flourishing institution. The natives were teachable, willing to learn, and reasonably industrious. The land was fertile and yielded abundant harvests, and each year saw a gratifying increase in the num- bers of those who relinquished heathenism for Chris- tianity, and the habits of savagery for the arts of civilization. In 1784, nearly seven years after the establishment of the mission, came the ceremony of formal dedica- tion, under the ministration of the Father Junipero Serra, president of the missions of California. This occurred May 16, and was attended by Don Pedro Fages, who had succeeded Neve as Governor of Cali- fornia. Father Murguia did not live to witness this imposing ceremony, he having died of a slow fever five days prior to the event. In June of the same year in which the Santa Clara Mission was established, Don Felipe de Neve sug- gested to his superiors the advisability of establish- ing a settlement on the Guadalupe River, forty- eight miles from the presidio at San Francisco and seventy- eight miles from Monterey. He described the ex- traordinary fertility of the country and demonstrated that it would not only furnish ample supplies for the troops quartered at the presidio, but would in a very short time yield a handsome revenue to the crown. The suggestion was several months in traveling through the Spanish circumlocution office, but it PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." finally reached the end of its journey and was ap- proved, and in November of that year, Don Jose de Moraga, a Spanish lieutenant commanding at the presidio at San Francisco, received orders to detail nine soldiers who had experience as agriculturists, two settlers, and three laborers, and proceed to form a settlement at the point indicated in the Governor's suggestion. This he did, and located his camp on the banks of the creek just north of the present city limits, and called it the " Pueblo de San Jose de Guadalupe." He reported his location to the central government through the usual channels, and two years afterward, March 6, 1779, his actions were approved. In 1782, Lieutenant Moraga was directed to make an allot- ment of land to each of his troops, which he did, as will be seen by the accompanying diagram. The names of the original settlers were: Ygnacio Archuleta, Manuel Gonzalez, Jose Tiburcio Vasquez, Manuel Amesquita, Antonio Romero, Bernardo Rosalez, Francisco Avila, Sebastian Alvitre, and Claudio Alvirez. It was not long until the settlers discovered that they had made a mistake in the selection of a site for their town. The place was comparatively low, and during the winter frequently overflowed, much to the discomfort of the settlers. This caused much dis- content, but no direct steps were taken to secure a re- location of the pueblo until 1785, when a formal petition was sent to the central authorities asking per- mission to move the settlement to higher ground. In his report on the subject. Lieutenant Moraga states : — "At the time I obtained command as commis- sioner of the pueblo, the water raised so high that a little more would have carried off our houses. Some of them were much injured, and we were deprived of going to mass and confession, not being able to pass to the mission without going round circuitously a distance of three leagues, to avoid the bad places, which were so numerous in such weather. And in the bad places many were left afoot without being abk to use their horses; nor could they look after their cavallado (meaning their horses turned out to graze), nor use them to notify each other in case of any trouble or accident. Already in the pueblo, and in the adjoining mission, on such occasions, the wild, unchristianized Indians have committed depredations. Finally, for sowing wheat, corn, and other grains, the carrying of the mails, and the passage of pack trains, it (the new site recommended), offers great advantage, as well as for timber and wood; every- thing is nearer and more convenient, and I fully approve of the view of the citizens.'' Some of our older citizens now living can remem- ber the miserable condition in which these lowlands were plunged at the time of high water, and could add something to Lieutenant Moraga's list of incon- veniences. But since the improvement of the chan- nel of the creek, under American occupation, nothing of this kind has been known. It required twelve years from the time the first petition was transmitted to the Governor before the removal could be accom- plished, but it was finally effected in 1797, the center of the new site being at about the present northwest corner of Market and El Dorado Streets. At the death of Father Murguia, as noted above, the Mission of Santa Clara was placed under the di- rection of Father Diego Noba, and under his super- vision continued the successful work of the institution. Looking at our beautiful valley at the present time, covered with orchards and vineyards and stately edifices, it is difficult to imagine what its appearance was at that time. The only writing which will ap- proach a description is from the report of Captain Vancouver, the great navigator, who, having come into San Francisco Bay, visited the mission in 1792. It contains not only a statement of the appearance of the country, but the condition of the mission. He says : — "We continued our course parallel to the sea-coast, between which and our path the ridge of mount- ains extended to the southeastward, and, as we advanced, their sides and summits exhibited a high degree of luxuriant fertility, interspersed with copses of various forms and magnitude, and verdant open spaces encircled with fruit trees of different descrip- tions. About noon we arrived at a very enchanting lawn, situated amid a grove of trees at the foot of a small hill, by which flowed a very fine stream of excellent water. We had not proceeded far from this delightful place, when we entered a country I little expected to find in these regions. "For almost twenty miles it could be compared to a park which had originally been planted with the true old English oak; the underwood, that had probably attained its early growth, had the appearance of having been cleared away, and had left the stately lords of the forest in complete possession of the soil which was covered with luxuriant herbage, and beauti- fully diversified with pleasing eminences and valleys which, with the lofty range of mountains that bounded PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 31 the prospect, required only to be adorned with neat habitations of an industrious people, to produce a scene not inferior to the most studied effect of taste in the disposal of grounds. * * * * "Soon after dark* we reached the Santa Clara Mis- sion. Our journey, except through the morass,had been pleasant and entertaining, and our reception at Santa Clara, by the hospitable Fathers of the mission, was such that excited in every breast the most lively sen- sations of gratitude and regard. Father Tomas de la Pena appeared to be the principal of the missionaries. The anxious solicitude of this gentleman and of his colleague, Father Joseph Sanchez, to anticipate all our wishes, unequivocally manifested the principles by which their conduct was regulated. The buildings and offices of the mission, like those of San Francisco, form a square, but not an entire inclosure. " It is situated in an extensive, fertile plain, the soil of which, as also that of the surrounding country, is a rich, black, productive mold, superior to any I had before seen in America. The church was long and lofty, and as well built as the rude materials of which it is composed would allow, and, compared with the unimproved state of the country, was infinitely more decorated than might have been reasonably expected. Apartments, within the square in which priests re- sided, were appropriated to a number of young female Indians, and the like reasons were given as at San Francisco for their bjing so selected and educated. Their occupations were the same, though some of their woolen manufactures surpassed those we had seen before, and wanted only the operation of fulling, with which the Fathers were unacquainted, to make them very decent blankets. The upper story of their interior oblong square, which might be one hundred and seventy feet long and one hundred broad, was made use of as granaries, as were some of the lower rooms; all of which were well stored with corn and pulse of different sorts; and, besides these, in case of fire, there were two spacious warehouses for the re- ception of grain, detached from each other and the rest of the buildings, erected at a convenient distance from the mission. These had been recently finished, contained some stores, and were to be kept constantly full, as a reservoir in the event of such a misfortune. "The maize, peas, and beans are sown in the spring months and succeed extremely well, as do hemp and flax, or linseed. The wheat affords, in general, from twenty-five to thirty for one, according to the season, twenty-five for one being the least return from their fields, notwithstanding the enormous waste occasioned by their rude method of threshing, which is performed in the open air by the treading of cattle. Neither barley nor oats were cultivated. As the superior grains could be cultivated with the same labor that the inferior ones could, they had some time ago de- clined the cultivation of them. Here were planted peaches, apricots, apples, pears, figs, and vines, all of which, except the latter, promised to succeed well. The failure of the vine here, as well as at San Fran- cisco, is ascribed to a want of knowledge in their cult- ure, the soil and climate being well adapted to some sorts of fruits. The priests had a guard of a corporal and six soldiers.'' The great navigator did not dream that in less than a hundred years, this fertile valley would be sending her fruits to all parts of the globe, and that her wines would be in competition with the products of the most noted vineyards of the Old World. The beginning of the present century saw both the religious colony at the mission and the civil colony at the pueblo fairly settled. There had been some dis- pute as to the line dividing the two jurisdictions, but it had been finally determined by locating it midway between them, or about the position of the Mt. Diablo meridian. The present Alameda was also laid out, for the purpose of affording easy communication be- tween the pueblo and the mission. It was about one hundred feet wide, with a row of trees on each side, and one through the center. The trees were of black willow and sycamore, but the sycamores have long since disappeared. 'There was, originally, a ditch run- ning through the center of the road for the purpose of drainage, but when the adjoining fields began to be cultivated, the water was diverted from the ditch, and it gradually filled up and was obliterated. There is a tradition among the older inhabitants that the trees were planted on the Alameda for the purpose of affording a refuge from the attacks of the cattle that were running at large through the country. This, however, must have been a mistake, for, at the time the Alameda was constructed, there were only one hundred and fifteen head of cattle owned in the district. Although this was not the object of their planting, there are many well-authenticated cases where these trees have afforded protection to pedestrians from the horns of infuriated steers. The history of Santa Clara County is divided into three distinct periods : The grazing, or stock-growing era; the agricultural, or grain-growing era; and the horticultural, or fruit-and-vine-growing era, and the lines between them are plainly marked. The mission and the pueblo were both pastoral communities, and 32 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' by them was inaugurated the first era; the second came with the American occupation, while the third dates its birth from the advent of the transcontinental railroads. From the founding of the two original colonies up to the American occupation, the Santa Clara Valley has no history of importance, and, in fact, no records from which history could be written, except the mis- sion archives. The population increased as the fer- tility of the soil became known, and in a very few years the Spaniards had taken possession of all the then desirable land without reference to the rights of the natives. In fact, the Indians were not considered to have any rights, unless they had placed themselves under the protection of the mission. The herds increased more rapidly than the population, and it was but few years until the entire plain was covered with cattle, horses, and sheep. The latter were grown principally for their wool, from which the people manufactured their clothing; the horses were used for transportation and in the care of their herds, while their chief dependence was their cattle. Money was exceedingly scarce, and its substitute was hides and tallow. Outside of the pueblo all was grazing land, and any citizen of good character, who had cattle, could have assigned to him a tract of any reasonable extent. These grants were called ranches, and the grantees, rancheros. There were no regular lines dividing the ranchos, their boundaries being deter- mined by certain permanent landmarks. The grants usually ran for a specified number of leagues, which were measured in a very primitive manner. Two men on horseback, with a -measuring line of rawhide, would ride around the boundaries, accompained by a judge and witnesses. In addition to the impossi- bility of horsemen making accurate measurements, the rawhide rope would either stretch or shrink according to the state of the atmosphere. But this was a matter of little consequence at that time. The land was worth nothing to the Government, and if the m.asurements varied a few leagues from the amount specified in the grant it made no particular difference so long as it did not conflict with previ- ous grants. There were generally no improvements except some rough buildings and corrals, many of the rancheros residing at the pueblo. There were no fences, the cattle roaming at will through the country, the owners relying on their brands and ear- marks for identification. At a specified time each year, generally about the middle of March, earlier or later according to the peculiarities of the season, all of the cattle were brought up, the proper brands and marks placed on the calves, and returned to their respective ranchos. These annual segregations were, termed rodeos, and were attended by all the rancheros and their vaqueros^ or herdsmen, in the district. This was necessary, for the reason that cattle would sometimes stray for a distance of fifty or sixty miles, and owners of large herds would find some of their property on nearly every rancho in the country. Notice of a rodeo would be given by sending messengers to all the cattle owners in the district, and these, with their vaqueros, would assemble on the appointed day at the designated place. All the cattle on the rancho were gathered in one place, where each ranchero would take out those bearing his brand, including unbranded calves which followed their mothers. What was left belonged to the owner of the ranc' o. It often happened that calves would escape the rodeo and reach maturity without branding. These were termed orejana, and belonged to no one, or, more properly, they belonged to any ranchero, who, finding them on his rancho, would take them up and mark them. The party would move from rancho to rancho until all the cattle in the district had been through the rodeo. The rodeo season was one of festivity. On each rancho entertainment was furnished for all, and evenings devoted to music, dancing, and feasting would follow each day's work. Some ideaof the number of cattle in this district may be had from the statement that one ranchero, Joaquin Bernal, who occupied the Santa Teresa Rancho, about eight miles south of San Jose, branded about five thou- sand head of calves each year. This cattle business developed the settlers into the best horsemen in the world. They lived in the saddle, and it was said that any one of them would walk two miles for the purpose of catching up a horse, in order that he might ride half a mile. In fact, it was unsafe for a pedestrian to be outside the pueblo. The wandering cattle would often attack a man on foot, while they would make no demonstration against one who was mounted. Some of the feats of these horsemen seem incredible. They would, at full gallop, ride down a wild bull, seize it by the tail, pass it under his legs, and throw him on his back without slacking speed. Placing a Mexican dollar between each knee and the saddle, they would leap hurdles without displacing the coin. They could pick up any article from the ground with their horses running at the top of their speed. Their PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 33 animals were trained so thatthey hardly needed the rein for their control. The young men especially took great pride in the education of their horses, and it was not an unusual thing to see a party of these caballeros with guitars in their hands and mounted on their gaily-caparisoned steeds, marching through the streets of the pueblo, playing on their instruments, and at the same time controlling their animals so that they kept perfect time to the music. Their dexterity with the lasso or riata, as it was more fre- quently called, was no less astonishing. As an offensive weapon it was more effective in their hands than knife or pistol. With it they could, without dis- mounting, catch, throw down, and tie the wildest and fleetest steer on the plains; and there are many stories now current of the same exploit having been performed on the fierce grizzly of the mountains. After the rodeo came the butchering season, or matatiza, as they called it. This was the annual slaughtering of cattle for their hides and tallow, and usually occurred in May, or at a time in the spring when the season was far enough advanced to predict with sufficient certainty as to the amount of feed that would be produced; and on this depended the number of cattle slaughtered, as their object was to keep only as many as they could furnish pasturage for. The matanza, from an esthetic point of view, is not nearly so attractive as the rodeo, but it was fully as neces- sary, for this was, practically, the gathering of the annual crop. The beeves were killed and skinned and the hides dried in the sun; the best of the tallow was removed and placed in bags made of hides ; the other fat was made into soap. The best pieces of meat were cut into thin strips or torn into shreds and dried in the sun, thus making what the Mexicans called came seca, and which was known to the Americans as "jerked beef" The hides and tallow were sold either to the vessels at San Francisco or to local dealers at the pueblo, and these two articles were all that these primitive people had to export from this fertile valley, the "Garden of the World." What a change has half a century wrought ! The average market price of the hides was a dollar and a half in cash or two dollars in trade, while tallow brought three cents per pound in trade. These prices were within the recol- lection of the "oldest inhabitant," and they must have been much less before the advent of the Americans. The old records of Eastern commercial houses show that their vessels were sometimes compelled to remain a full year on this coast before they could obtain sufficient quantity of hides and tallow to pay for the 5 goods brought out for barter with the rancheros. This, however, was only when the season was unfavor- able for stock. The dwellings of these people, although lacking in architectural adornment, were solidly built and very convenient. The material used was the black soil of the lowlands, which was mixed with straw and moulded into bricks eighteen inches square and three inches thick. These bricks were dried in the sun and laid in the walls with a mortar made of the same material. The rafters were rough poles denuded of bark, while the roof was of rushes, called tules, and fastened with rawhide thongs. In later days the tule roof, in the more pretentious buildings, gave place to the tile, a heavy, cumbrous arrangement, but less impervious to water and not so susceptible to fire. The bricks were called adobes, and they gave their name to the soil from which they were made. Their agricultural products were limited, and their implements rude. They cared to raise no more than was necessary for their own subsistence. Wheat, beans, maize, melons, and pumpkins constituted nearly their entire crop, although the different fruits were cultivated to some extent at the mission. Stewed beef and beans, well seasoned with red peppers {chili Colorado) was their principal dish, while for bread they used the tortilla, a flat, wafer-like cake made generally of wheat flour, but frequently of corn meal, and was baked on flat irons before the fire. This was a rude sort of diet, but, with their skill in preparation, it was very palatable and wholesome; dyspepsia was an un- known disease among them. Their plows were con- structed from branches of trees, where a proper crook could be found, the portion representing the point and share being sometimes shod with a bullock's horn or iron. An oak branch served the purpose of a harrow. Their beasts of burden were oxen; horses, although numerous, were hardly ever used for this purpose. The yoke was placed across the foreheads and fastened with rawhide thongs. Their vehicles had but two wheels, and these were sections of a log with holes bored through the center for the insertion of the axles, which were held in place by hard-wood pins on each side. There was no lubricator known that would modify the unearthly screeching emitted from these rude carts when in motion. A good representation of these rude vehicles will be found in the picture of the Santa Clara Mission on the following page. The crops were cut with a sickle or any other im- plement that would serve the purpose. The grain- fields were protected from invasion by the wandering herds of horses and cattle by means of rows of brush, 34 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." or ditches. Their methods of threshing were still more rude. The process is thus described by Judge R. F. Peckham, a pioneer of 1846: — " The floor of the corral, into which it was custom- ary to drive horses and cattle in order to lasso them, from constant use had become hardened. Into this inclosure the grain would be piled, and upon it, the manatha, or band of mares, would be turned loose to tramp out the seed. The wildest horses, or mayhap the colts that had been driven but once, and then to be branded, would be turned adrift upon the straw, when would ensue a scene of the wildest con- SA.NTA OLA.RA. MISSION fusion, the excited animals being urged, amidst the yelling of vaqueros and the cracking of whips — here, there and everywhere, around, across, and length- wise — until the whole was trampled and naught wa^ left but the grain and chaff. The most difficult part, however, was the separating of these two ar- ticles. Owing to the length of the dry season there was no urgent haste to effect this; therefore, when the wind was high enough, the trampled mass would be tossed into the air with large wooden forks cut from the adjacent oaks, the wind carrying away the lighter chaff and leaving the heavier grain. With a favorable breeze several bushels of wheat could thus be winnowed in the course of a day; while strange as it may appear, it is declared that grain so sifted was much cleaner than it is now." From the same source, also, we have the following description of an old-time Spanish mill: "The mill in which their grain was ground was made of two stones, as nearly round as possible, of about thirty inches in diameter, and each being dressed on . one side to a smooth surface. One was set upon a frame some two feet high, with the smooth face upwards; the other was placed on this with the even face downwards, while through an inch hole in its center was the wheat fed by hand. Two holes drilled partly through each admitted an iron bolt, by means of which a long pole was attached. To its end was harnessed a horse, mule, or donkey, and the animal being driven round in a circle caused the stone to revolve. We are informed that these mills were capable of grind- ing a bushel of wheat in about twelve hours ! " The people themselves were of a light-hearted, joyous temperament, best described by our word "jolly." They never made a toil of a pleasure, nor permitted labor to inter- fere with their amusements. With all this they were rev- erent in religious matters, the women in particular being very devout in their observance of all the church ordinances. The men al- ways uncovered in passing the church door, which was always open. Their principal amusements were competitive trials of horsemanship, music, dancing, bull-fighting, and gambling. Bull-fighting was abol- ished by law in 1854, but no legislative enactment could ever restrain the Spaniard's passion for gam- bling. They would gamble on horse-races, cock-fights, bull and bear-fights, but their principal game was monte, and at this they would wager money, horses, cattle, and even the clothing from their backs. With- in the memory of some of the older pioneers are the names of many rich families who were reduced from affluence to poverty by this vice. To obtain money with which to gratify this passion, lands would be pledged or sold, and, in this manner, vast domains were lost to the original holders. With all this, they were a temperate people, intoxication being almost entirely unknown prior to the American occupation. Their disputes were few and easily adjusted. The PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 35 administrationof justice was simple and effective, and the results g^enerally satisfactory, the more so because cases were decided on their merits and not on techni- calities. Judge Peckham says of the administration of justice under the Mexican rdgime: — "There were neither law books nor lawyers, while the laws were mostly to be found in the traditions of the people. The head officer in each village -was the Alcalde, in whom was vested the judicial function, who received, on the enactment of a new law, a manuscript copy called a bando, upon the obtaining of which a person was sent round beating a snare drum, which was the signal for the assemblage of the people at the Alcalde's office, where the act was read, thus promul- gated, and forthwith, had the force of law. When a citizen had cause of action against another, requiring the aid of court, he went to the Alcalde and verbally stated his complaint in his own way, and asked that the defendant be sent for, who was at once summoned by an officer, who sirnply said that he was wanted by the Alcalde. The defendant made his appearance without loss of time, where, if in the same village, the plaintiff was generally in waiting. The Alcalde com- menced by stating the complaint against him, and asked him what he had to say about it. This brought about an altercation between the parties, and, nine times out of ten, the Alcalde could get at the facts in this wise, and announce judgment immediately, the whole suit not occupying two hours from its begin- ning. In more important cases three ' good men ' would be called in to act as co-justices, while the tes- timony of witnesses had seldom to be resorted to. A learned American judge has said that the native Cal- ifornians were, in the presence of their courts, gen- erally truthful. What they know of false swearing or perjury they have learned from their associations with the Americans. It was truthfully said by the late Edmund Randolph, that the United States Board of Commissioners to settle private land claims in Cal- ifornia had been the graves of their reputations." Until 1803 the only church in the jurisdiction was the mission church at Santa Clara. In that year the population of the pueblo and surrounding country had increased to such an extent that it was considered necessary that a place of worship should be erected nearer home. The petition for the establishment of a chapel within the limits of the pueblo set forth not only that the mission church was too distant for the poblanos to attend regularly, but that the journey was fraught with too many dangers. What constituted the haz- ard in passing this short distance we are not informed by the petitioners, and whether it was the danger of being gored by wild cattle or of being drowned by the high waters of the Guadalupe, is left to conjecture. Whatever criticisnis might have been made on the petition, they did not amount to serious objections, and the building of the new church was agreed to. An invitation was sent to Don Jose de la Guerra, commandante at San Carlos or Carmel, near Mon- tery, to act as sponsor. He replied that, while he felt flattered by the invitation, his daily walk was so full of errors, or, as he put it, so full of impiety, that he did not feel himself fit for the duty; but he appointed Don Jose Estudillo, a cadet, to officiate in his place. The corner-stone was laid on the twelfth day of July, with appropriate ceremonies. The following state- ment, written in the Spanish language, was deposited, among other things, in the stone, and gives a full ac- count of the proceedings: — " In the pueblo of San Jose de Guadalupe, the twelfth of July, 1803, Senor Don Carlos IV. being King of Spain, Don Jose Joaquin de Arrillaga, Governor ad interim and Lieutenant-Colonel of the Royal Army; the retired sergeant, Macario de Castro, Commissioner of the Pueblo; Ignacio Archuleta, ordinary Alcalde, and Bernardo Heridia and Francisco Gonzale.s, regi- dores, at six o'clock on the evening of said day was made the consecration of the first stone and mortar of the church, which was commenced in the said pu- eblo, dedicated to the patriarch Senor St. Joseph and the virgin Guadalupe; which ceremony was celebrated with much solemnity by the Reverend Friar, Joseph Viader, minister of the Santa Clara Mission; Don Jose Maria Estudillo, cadet, acting as god-father, by proxy, from Alferez de Jose Antonio de la Guerra y Noriega, commandante at the presidio at Monterey, and who placed under the first stone money of every sovereign, and a duplicate of this document, in a bottle sealed with wax, for its preservation in the future; and for the present we sign it in the said pueblo, the day, month, and year aforesaid. "Fr. Jose Viader, "Jose Maria Estudillo, " As proxy for Alferez de la Guerra y Noriega. "Macario de Castro, Commissioner!' In the first quarter of the present century two im- portant events occurred which had a marked effect upon the country. We refer to the throwing off by Mexico of the yoke of old Spain and the establish- ment of the Mexican republic, and the secularization of the missions. The independence of Mexico was 36 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." acknowledged in 1821, and the practical destruction of the missions followed soon after. As early as 1 8 1 3 it was suggested by the home government that the missions, as a distinct institution, had accomplished their work and could be turned over to the secular clergy, and the services of the Fathers be dispensed with. It is thought that this suggestion was animated by a desire on the part of the government to absorb the " pious fund," a revenue which had been set aside for the support of the missions. Whether or not this suspicion was true, it had that effect. Some idea of the work accomplished by the Fathers up to this period may not be uninteresting. Between the years i8o2 and 1822 seven thousand, three hundred and twenty-four Indians were baptized at Santa Clara Mission, two thousand and fifty-six were married, six thousand five hundred and sixty-five had died, and one thousand three hundred and ninety-four still lived. It is estimated that there were four thousand Indians in the surrounding rancherias who had not succumbed to the influence of the Fathers, and were what were called "wild." Tlie proposition to confiscate the pious fund was a menace which tended to unsettle affairs at the mis- sion. As Father Gleeson says : "It was not to be ex- pected that with such a resolution before their eyes the Fathers would be as zealous in developing the nat- ural resources of the country as before, seeing that the result of their labors was, at any time, liable to be seized on by the government and handed over to strangers." The converts soon perceived this lack of zeal and became imbued with the same spirit. The new republic showed as much hostility to the mis- sions as the Spanish crown had done, and finally, in 1826, the Federal government issued an order to the authorities in California directing the liberation of the Indians, and a few years later an act was passed by the Legislature ordering the whole of the missions to be secularized and the religious to with- draw. To justify this act, it was stated that the missions were never intended to be permanent estab- lishments, but were to give way, after a time, to the regular ecclesiastical system, when the people would be formed into parishes, attended by a secular clergy. The decree was passed in 1833 and put in force in 1834. The lands were handed over to the Indians to work or to abandon, and they generally chose the latter. When the decree went into effect there were eighteen hundred Indians at the mission of Santa Clara, while the mission owned seventy-four thou- sand two hundred and eighty head of cattle, four hundred and seven yoke of working oxen, eighty-two thousand five hundred and forty sheep, one thou- sand eight hundred and ninety horses broken to the saddle, four thousand two hundred and thirty- five brood mares, seven hundred and twenty-five mules, and one thousand hogs. Eight years later there were only four hundred Indians at this mis- sion, with fifteen hundred head of cattle, two hun- dred and fifty horses, and three thousand swine. This decrease continued until in a few years the work of the missions was only a matter of history. The orig- inal cross erected by Father Pena still stands as a monument to the memory of the fathers whose relig- ious zeal led them into the wilderness of the new world for the purpose of teaching to the benighted natives the doctrines of Christianity and the arts of civilization. Some remnants of the orchards planted by them are still in existence, and show how, at the very commencement of the history of this country, its future destiny was indicated. The first enumeration of the inhabitants of the pu- eblo was taken in 183 1, and showed one hundred and sixty-six men, one hundred and forty-five women, one hundred and three boys, and one hundred and ten girls, making a total of five hundred and twenty-four. This would not seem, now, as a very great increase of population for a period of forty years, but when we consider that this was drawn principally from colo- nies which were themselves sparsely peopled, the growth of the pueblo of San Jose de Guadalupe will be more justly estimated. The colonists had nearly the whole Pacific Coast from which to select their lo- cations, and the fact that so many chose the Santa Clara Valley shows that even then its wonderful fer- tility and magnificent climate were duly appreciated. While these events were transpiring in this locality, other portions of the Pacific Coast were being looked over by a different class of people. Adventurous navigators had visited the different natural ports, while Vancouver had made his survey of the coast along the present California line. The Russian fur traders had founded Sitka, and extended their operations even to California. Ships from the East India Company- visited here in the latter part of the last century, at which time American vessels began to make their ap- pearance. The British fur companies came in later, and in 181 1 John Jacob Astor, the organizer and leader of the Pacific Fur Company, founded the town of Astoria near the mouth of the Columbia. This colony, however, soon succumbed to the British traders, and PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 37 many of the colonists came to CEilifornia. It was from the ships that visited this coast that the first foreigners came to this valley. Overland travel to California did not commence until the forties. The first foreigner to locate in this valley was John Gilroy, who was a sailor on board a vessel belonging to the Hudson Bay Company, that touched at Monterey in 1 8 14. He was a Scotchman and the causes for his abandoning his ship are differently stated. One re port is that he had a quarrel with one of his officers and deserted, while it is just as positively stated that he had a severe attack of the scurvy and was left on shore to be cured. However that may have been, it is well authenticated that, in that year, he found his way into this valley from Monterey, and stopped at San Ysidro, which was afterwards named Gilroy from him. He was hospitably received and finally married into the wealthy family of the Ortegas. He was a man of considerable force of character, and accumu- lated a large property in lands and cattle, but at last died poor in 1869. His real name was said to be John Cameron, but he was always known here as Gilroy. He was accompanied, on his advent into this valley, by a comrade whom he called "Deaf Jimmy," who tarried but a short time and then went north of the bay. Prominent in the history of California is the name of Robert Livermore, also a native of Scotland, who came here in 18 16, but remained only a short time, when he went north and settled in the valley which now bears his name. In those early days every person was called a foreigner who was not a Spaniard or a Mexican, and there was a distinction made even between these. The Spaniards, or Cas- tilians, as they insisted on calling themselves, were those whose families came from Spain and whose de- scendants had never intermarried with the natives of the New World. They were very proud of the purity of their blood. The Mexicans were the descendants of those who had mixed with the native races of Mexico, and into whose language had crept many of the old Aztec words and phrases. In 1 818 there came here a man whose name is his- toric in this community, Don Antonio Sunol. He was a native of Barcelona, Spain, but had served in the French navy under the First Empire. He was an officer of distinction and was present when Napo- leon surrendered after Waterloo. He then sought the New World andsettled inthis valley, where he achieved distinction, wealth, and respect. He died in San Jose in 1865, after an experience here of nearly half a century. The first citizen of the United States to settle in the Santa Clara Valley was Philip Doak. He was a block and tackle maker employed on a whaling vessel. He left his vessel in 1822 at Monterey and came here, settling near Gilroy. He located him- self on the ranch of Mariano Castro, afterwards known as the "Las Animas," and finally married one of Castro's daughters. Matthew Fellom came here in the same year and located near San Ysidro, or Old Gilroy, as it is now called. Fellom was a Dane, and also belonged to a whaler, which he left at one of the northern ports and made his way overland to San Jose. The land on which he made his location is now owned by W. N. Furlong. He lived until 1873. These were the only foreigners that we have any record of as living here up to 1830, if we except one William Willis, an Englishman, who was known to be in the pueblo in 1828, but whose antecedents or subsequent history are unknown. It has been esti- mated that, at this time, the number of foreigners in the whole of California did not exceed one hundred. From this time on the arrivals in this valley became more frequent. John Burton came here in 1830; he was afterwards Alcalde of the pueblo. Harry Bee, the oldest living inhabitant of the county, came to this valley in 1833, but he had been on the coast for six years prior to that time. He had passed most of the intervening time at Monterey, where he had come in 1827 with a Dr. Douglas, a naturalist. He was quite active during the Mexican War, performing valu- able services for General Fremont as scout and courier. At the same time came William Gulnac, James Alexander Forbes, James Weekes, Nicholas Dodero, John Price, William Smith, nicknamed "Bill the Sawyer," George Ferguson, Thomas Pepper, who the Californians called "Pimiento," William Welsh, a man called "Blind Tom," Charles Brown, and a per- son called "Moche Dan." Thomas Bowen and Will- iam Daily came in 1834. Of these, several were prominent, either in the early days or in the later history of the county. Gulnac was for many years mayor domo at the Mission San Jose. He married into the Ceseiia family. Forbes was vice-consul for Great Britain. Weekes served as Alcalde in 1847. In 1838 Henry Woods and Lawrence Carmichael arrived. These people all came by vessel and chance decided their location. They affiliated with the Spanish popu- lation, in many instances marrying into their families and adopting, to a great extent, their customs and methods of living. Overland travel commenced about 38 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 1 84 1. Even before this time settlements had been made in Oregon, and that country was much better known than Cahfornia. For this reason, and because CaHfornia was a foreign country, nearly all the over- land trains were pointed to Oregon. Some of these having reached the Sierras and hearing something of California, came here instead. In 1841 Josiah Bel- den, Charles M. Weber, and Grove C. Cook came overland, as did also Henry Pitts, Peter Springer, William Wiggins, and James Rock. In 1843 Major S. J.Hensley, Julius Martin, Thomas J. Shadden, and Winston Bennett made the trip across the plains. The advent of this party was an important incident, as with it came three ladies, wives of Martin, Shad- den, and Bennett, the first foreign ladies to settle in the district. The next year, 1844, came the Murphy party. The history of these people is important, from the fact that they were the first to cross the mount- ains with wagons, and that from their advent to the present time they have been an important factor in the development of the State. STORY OF THE MURPHY PARTY. Martin Murphy, Sr., was born in County Wexford, Ireland, November 12, 1785. Here he grew to man's estate, an intelligent, industrious, and pious man, but dissatisfied with the meager amount of political liberty accorded to the Irish citizens of Great Britain, in Ire- land. He married, at an early age, a Miss Mary Foley, whose family afterwards became prominent in America, two of them becoming archbishops and others achieving high places in commercial and manufacturing pursuits. Several children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Murphy in Ireland. As the family increased, so did Mr. Murphy's desire for larger free- dom, and in 1820 he emigrated to Canada, taking all his children except his oldest son, Martin, and his daughter Margaret. He settled in the township of Frampton, near Quebec, where he purchased a tract of land and commenced to create a home. Two years afterwards his son Martin and his daughter Margaret joined them from Ireland. Martin, Jr., went to work at Quebec, where he met and married Miss Mary Bulger, July 18, 1831. The next year, the cholera having become epidemic at Quebec, young Martin purchased a tract of land near his father, and moved on to it with his family. Old Mr. Murphy was still not satisfied with his political surroundings and looked longingly across the border to the great republic, beneath the folds of whose starry flag perfect re- ligious and political liberty was maintained. Finally, in 1840, he removed his family (except his sons Mar- tin and James, with their families) across the then western wilds to the State of Missouri, and settled in Holt County, on what was then called the Platte Pur- chase. Martin Murphy, Jr., who, when he left Quebec, had settled in Frampton, bought land, hewed timbers, and erected a roof-tree for his young family, remained in Canada until .1842, when he sold his property, and, with his brother James, joined his father in Missouri. The Murphys were essentially a family of pioneers; not from a nomadic disposition that rendered them uneasy unless in motion, but because they were seek- ing certain conditions and were determined not to rest until they found them. That no obstacle would stop them in their search for political liberty was demonstrated when they abandoned their native land to seek a home in America, and still further proved when they left the home built up in Canada, for the unknown wilds of Missouri. This second journey was full of inconvenience, and at that early day was an undertaking formidable enough to cause the bravest to hesitate. The course was as follows : Up the St. Lawrence River past Montreal and across Lake St. Louis to Kingston; thence across Lake Ontario and up the Niagara River to Lewiston, near the Falls; thence across the country to Buffalo; thence across Lake Erie to Cleveland; thence by canal south, across the State of Ohio, to the town of Portsmouth, on the Ohio River; thence down the Ohio to the Mississippi, touching at Cincinnati and Louisville; thence up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and thence up the Missouri to the Platte Purchase. The location of the Murphy settlement was a few miles below the present site of the city of St. Joseph, but at that time there was nothing but a primitive mill used for grinding corn. The place occupied by our pioneers was called by them the " Irish Grove," in memory of their native land. They had purchased several hundred acres, which they cultivated, and proceeded to lay the foundations of a home. Here was a rich soil, which responded with bounteous crops to the efforts of the husbandman, and here also was the perfect political liberty in pursuit of which the patriarch had traveled thousands of miles, en- countering dangers by land and by sea. But there were two things lacking — health and educational and religious privileges. The virgin soil, covered with decayed vegetation, the deposit of centuries, was the lurking-place of deadly malaria, and, when turned up by the plow, the atmosphere was filled with germs of that dread disease, fever and ague, the scourge of the West in the days of its early settlement. There were PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 39 no schools or churches, teachers or ministers of the gos- pel. All of our settlers were attacked by the prevalent disease, and some of them died. Among these were his wife, and Eliza, Mary, and Nellie, daughters of his son Martin. Martin Murphy, the head of the family, was in anguish of mind at the condition of affairs. He was a devout Catholic and had reared his family in that faith. He saw his younger children and his grand- children growing up in the wilderness with no religious instruction, and no holy priest to administer the con- solation of the church to the sicl< or dying. The absence of these things was a heavy price to pay for the broad domain whose fertile soil would soon blossom into a valuable estate. While matters were in this condition the settlement was visited by Father Hookins, a Catholic missionary, who had penetrated the wilderness to administer the sacraments to those of his faith who located their homes on the outskirts of civilization. He found the Murphys in much dis- tress, mourning over loss of loved ones and full of anxiety as to the fate of others who were sick. He was a man of wide information and had traveled much. He had met brothers in the church who had described the glorious climate and fertile soil of Cali- fornia, a country which owed its settlement to the Mission Fathers, and where the cross was planted on every hill-side and in every valley, and which was under a government of which Catholicism was the established religion. All these things Father Hook- ins told the bereaved family in the days that he passed with them, trying to answer their eager inquiries with detailed information. As to the location of this wonderful land he could tell them that it was on the shore of the Pacific Ocean, and that it lay in a westerly direction from fever-stricken Missouri, but as to the distance, route, or character of the country or people intervening, he had no knowledge that would be use- ful to anyone attempting the journey. But in spite of this lack of all information as to how to reach this Arcadia, when Martin Murphy announced his inten- tion to seek it, he found his entire family ready to follow him. We cannot sufficiently admire the indomitable mind that could make so great a deter- mination with so little hesitation. Men have made perilous expeditions upon com- pulsion or in quest of glory, but this proposition of the Murphy family to cross pathless plains and track- less deserts, and scale inaccessible mountains, with uncertainty as to food supplies and the certainty of meeting tribes of Indians, almost sure to be hostile. and to do this with half a dozen men and boys, with a larger number of helpless women and children, meets no parallel in history. The voyage of Colum- bus when America was discovered, contained no element of danger — only uncertainty. His path was defined; he would sail due west, taking sufficient pro- visions; if in a certain time he met no land he would return by the same easy route. It was a venture that required but a small portion of the courage, and involved none of the labor, entailed upon the Murphy party. Much has been said and written to the glory of Fremont, called the Pathfinder, who, two years later, crossed the continent. He had with him a large body of hardy and experienced frontiersmen, versed in all knowledge of woodcraft, and inured to exposure and hardships of all kinds. He had Kit Carson and his company of scouts, the most skillful ever known on the continent. He had abundant supplies, with a force sufficient to cope with any hostile band he might encounter. He had no women or helpless children to impede his movements, and he had the trail of the Murphy party to guide him. In view of all the circunlstances, the journey of these Missouri emigrants in its inception and consumma- tion transcends everything of the kind of which we have any record. But little time was allowed to escape after the decision was made to seek the new El Dorado, and the first of March, 1844, found them with their belongings at Nisnabotna, a point on the Missouri River, in the northwest corner of Missouri, and about fifty miles south from Council Bluffs. Here they were joined by' a party made up by Dr. Townsend, and they also found a large number of others, some forty wagons in all, but most of these were going to Oregon. Those bound for California were only eleven wagons, with the following-named persons composing the party: Martin Murphy, Sr.; Martin Murphy, Jr., wife and four children, James, Martin, Patrick W., Bernard D.; James Murphy and wife and daughter Mary ; Bernard Murphy, John Murphy, Ellen Murphy, Daniel Murphy, James Miller and his wife, nee Mary Murphy, and family; Mr. Martin, father of Mrs. James Murphy; Dennis Martin, Patrick Martin, Dr. Townsend and wife, Allen Montgomery and wife. Captain Stevens, Mr. Hitchcock, Mrs. Patterson and family, Mat Harbin, Mr. Calvin, John Sullivan and sister, Robert Sullivan, Michael Sullivan, John Flom- boy, Joseph Foster, Oliver Magnet (a Frenchman), Francis Delanet, old Mr. Greenwood, John Green- wood, Britton Greenwood, and M. Schallenberger. 40 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Notwithstanding the smallness of their numbers, they determined to go on, keeping with the Oregon party as far as their paths ran together; after that they would trust to their own resources to bring them safely through to the promised land. They proceeded north to Council Bluffs, where they organized the entire company for offense and defense. Mr. Stevens was chosen captain, and corporals of guard were selected from among the younger men. After laying by for a few days in order to make repairs and perfect their organization, the crossing of the Missouri River was commenced. From Mr. Moses Schallenberger we have obtained many of the particulars of this famous expedition. The difficulties that met the party at this, the first stage of their journey, would have stopped many stout-hearted men. The wagons were safely crossed in a rude flat-boat, and it was intended to swim the cattle. The river was full and they refused to take the water, and when forced in would swim in a circle, trying to save themselves by climbing on each other's backs. They were finally permitted to return to the bank, but some were stuck in the sand, which had been tramped by them until it was as tenacious as quicksand. When the water receded, a few of the mired cattle were dug out with pick and spade, but others were fastened so securely and deep that it was impossible to rescue them, and they were abandoned. It was a question whether they would be able to cross their cattle at all. At last an expedient was hit upon. Two men got into a canoe with a line, which was tied round the horns of one of the gentlest of the oxen. The ox was urged into the water until he was compelled to swim, after which the men in the canoe could easily guide him. Other cattle were then forced into the stream, and following the lead of the first, they were all safely crossed to the other side. They were now in the country of the Otoe Indians, a tribe which, though not considered hostile, had a very bad reputation for honesty. Of the people of the train only a few had crossed over when night came, and the young men volunteered to go over and stand guard. Those who were on the Otoe side were Martin Murphy and his family, and John Sulli- van with his two brothers and his sister Mary, who afterwards married Mr. Sherbeck, of San Francisco. John Murphy and Moses Schallenberger had been chosen corporals of the guard. They were mere boys in age, not over seventeen years, but were excellent marksmen, and had a reckless bravery born of frontier life. The wagons were formed into a corral by drawing them into a circle and placing the tongue of one wagon on the hind wheel of the one in front, thus making a very good sort of a fortification. The guard was placed outside of the corral and relieved every two hours, each relief being in charge of a corporal, whose duty it was to go from post to post and see that each sentinel was alert. While in places where the cattle might be lost or stolen, it was cus- tomary to graze them under charge of herdsmen until dark and then to bring them to the corral and chain them to the wagons. This precaution was taken on this first night across the river, on account of the bad reputation of the Otoes. The time passed quietly until midnight, when the young corporals became disgusted with the monotony and resolved to play a joke on John Sullivan. The proposition was made by John Murphy, and in- dorsed by Schallenberger, though not without some misgivings as to what the result would be if Martin should detect them. But to be assured, they informed Mr. Murphy of the plot, who entered heartily into the spirit of the scheme. Accordingly, John unfastened Sullivan's cattle and drove them some distance into the woods, and he then gave the alarm. Sulli- van, who it seems had all night been convinced in his own mind that the Indians were hovering about the camp, jumped up with his gun in his hand, and all joined in pursuit of the oxen. After a long chase, in which Sullivan was given a due amount of exercise, the cattle were again captured and secured to the wagon, Sullivan returning to his slumbers. He had barely got to sleep when the alarm was again given, and he again turned out, with some words not indicat- ing much respect for the thieving Otoes. This time the boys had driven the cattle further than before, and the only way they could be followed was by theclinking of the yoke ring. During the chase, Sullivan climbed to the top of a log, and stood listening intently for this sound. John Murphy, who was lying concealed behind this log, when he saw Sullivan in this position, fired into the air with his gun, which was a shotgun heavily loaded. Sullivan leaped into the air, and, as soon as he could recover himself, ran at full speed to the wagons, crying out that he had been shot by an Indian. In the meantime the cattle were recovered and secured to the wagon, and Sullivan stood guard over them until daylight. He frequently afterwards referred to the narrow escape he had from the Indians in the Otoe country. The next morning the captain, in commending the courage and skill of the young men in twice recaptur- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 41 ing the cattle, expressed his surprise that Sullivan's oxen should have been taken each time and none of the others disturbed. The boys explained this by calling attention to the fact that Sullivan's cattle were white, and could, on that account, be seen better in the dark. Two days after this event the entire train had been brought across the Missouri and was rolling toward the West. The "Horn," a stream en- countered before reaching the Platte River, was crossed by sewing rawhides over one of the wagon boxes and thus constructing a rude ferry-boat. The wagons were unloaded and taken apart and put across the sti-eam in this boat, which occupied much time and was tedious work. The horses and cattle were com- pelled to swim. This was the last stream where they were compelled to swim their stock; all the others they were able to ford. No striking incident occurred during their journey through the Otoe nation. Arriving at the country of the Pawnees, they found a village deserted by all but women, children, and infirm old men. It seems that a short time previously the Sioux had made a raid on them and exterminated nearly all their able-bodied men. When the party received this intelligence they knew they would not be molested while in the Pawnee country. This gave them more confidence in grazing their cattle, but the vigilance of the guard was not relaxed at night. In fact, the Pawnees were not considered hostile; it was the Sioux nation from which they had most to fear, they being the most warlike, cruel, and treacherous Indians at that time known to the whites. Before reaching Laramie, herds of buffaloes were encountered. The first were a few old bulls which, not being able to defend themselves from the at- tacks of the younger animals, had been driven from the herd. They were poor and scrawny, but as they were the first that the boys had seen they must neces- sarily have a hunt. After putting about twenty bullets into the body of one old patriarch, they suc- ceeded in bringing him to the ground within fifty feet of the wagons, in the direction of which he had charged when first wounded. The meat was poor and did not pay for the ammunition expended in procuring it. However, before Fort Laramie was reached, the party were able to secure an abundance of meat from younger buffaloes, which is generally conceded to be superior to that from any other animal. The party reached Fort Laramie with little fatigue and no loss. Here they found about four thousand Sioux encamped round the fort. They had their squaws and children with them, and for this reason 6 were not considered dangerous, this tribe being loth to fight when accompanied by their families. While there was no immediate danger to be apprehended, there was great probability that, after leaving the fort, they would encounter a hunting or war party. These bands usually consisted of from one hundred to five hundred men, unencumbered by women or children, and never were known to waste an opportunity to take a scalp. The party remained at Laramie several days, having a good camp, with plenty of grass for their stock. They traded some of their horses for Indian ponies, thinking they were more hardy and accustomed to the work on the plains. They also bought moccasins .to replace their boots and shoes, which were pretty well worn out by their long tramp. In resuming the march, still greater precautions were taken to prevent surprise by the Indians. The wag- ons were kept close together, so that they could be formed into a corral with no unnecessary delay. As the Indians in those days had no fire-arms it was thought they could be kept at such a distance that their arrows could not reach the pioneers. Fortu- nately, the party had no use for these precautions, for no Indians were encountered until the Snake nation was reached. For so large a train, the party was unusually har- monious, only one occasion of discord having arisen among them. This occurred while passing through the Sioux country. The orders were that no fires should be lighted after dark. This order was disre- garded by an old gentleman named Derby, who kept his fire burning after hours. Dr, Townsend, who had charge of the watch that night, remonstrated with the old man. Derby said that Captain Stevens was an old granny, and that he would not put out his fire for him or any other man. However, the fire was extinguished by Townsend, who returned to his duties. A few minutes only had elapsed until the fire was burning as brightly as before. Dr. Townsend went again to Derby and told him he must put the fire out. "No," answered Derby, "I will not, and I don't think it will be healthy for anyone else to try it." The Doctor, seeing that argument was useless, walked up to the fire and scattered it broadcast, saying to Derby at the same time, "It will not be well for you to light that fire again to-night." The Doctor was known to be very determined, although a man of few words, and Derby's fire was not again lighted. But the next morning he complained to the captain, who it seems had been a witness to the transaction of the night be- fore. Captain Stevens sustained Dr. Townsend, and 42 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Derby, with an oath, declared that he would not travel with such a crowd, and he actually did camp about half a mile behind the train for a week afterwards; but he lighted no fires after dark. One day when the party had stopped for noon, some of the boys, return- ing from a buffalo hunt, reported that they had seen a band of Sioux. That night Derby camped with the train and remained with them afterwards, cheer- fully submitting to all the rules. John Murphy had been quite ill for some time, but was now recovered sufficiently to get around. He was anxious to go on a buffalo hunt and persuaded Schallenberger to accompany him. The boys were quite proud of their skill as hunters, and promised the camp a good supply of fresh meat on their return. They started early in the morning, well mounted and equipped for their expedition. They saw several bands of buffaloes, and followed them nearly all day, but in spite of all their strategy they were unable to get near enough to shoot with any certainty. Each herd had bulls stationed as sentinels on the higher grounds, who would give the alarm before our hunters could get within reach. Finally, the declining sun warned them that they must return. Reluctantly they turned their horses' heads toward camp, revolv- ing in their minds the big promises they had made before setting out in the morning, and the small chance there was of their fulfillment. They had seen plenty of antelope, but to carry antelope into camp, when they had promised buffalo, would be considered a sort of disgrace. On the return, however, the herds of antelope be- came more numerous, and some came so near to the hunters that Murphy declared he was afraid they would bite him, and, drawing up his rifle, killed one in its tracks. Schallenberger suggested that since the antelope was dead they had better save the meat. They dismounted and commenced the process of butchering. While thus engaged their horses strayed towards camp. They had only got about a hundred yards when Schallenberger, fearing they might go be- yond recall, proposed to bring them back. Taking from his waist a handsome belt containing a fine brace of pistols, which Mr. Montgomery had made for him, together with shot pouch and powder horn, he started in pursuit of the horses. He overtook them without trouble, and, noticing that a blanket that had been on Murphy's horse was gone, he looked for it on his way back to the antelope. Not finding it, he called to Murphy, who joined in the search. They soon found the blanket and started to return to their game and guns. Much to their surprise they could find neither. They hunted until dark without success, and then turned their unwilling course towards camp. They fully realized the ridiculousness of their position. Starting from camp with much boasting of the large amount of buffalo they were going to bring in, and re- turning, not only with no meat, but without arms or ammunition — the affair was altogether too humiliat- ing. As they went along they concocted one story after another to account for their unfortunate con- dition, but each was rejected. The plan that seemed most likely was to say that they had been captured by Indians and robbed of their arms; but this story, after careful consideration, was voted to be too trans- parent, and they finally resolved to face the music and tell the truth. Their reception at camp can better be imagined than described. The next day, with a party of six men, they went to a spot they had marked as not being more than three hundred yards from where they had left their guns, and, although they continued the search for several hours, could find nothing. There were thou- sands of acres covered with grass about four feet high, and all presenting exactly the same appearance; it would have been impossible to find their property ex- cept by accident. Thus far on their journey the emigrants had been taking things very easy, and had not made the progress they intended, but they had no fears that they would not get through. Some of tl-e party were getting short of provisions, but this gave them little trouble, as they were still in the buffalo country. They determined to stop before they got entirely out of the buffalo grounds and kill and dry enough meat to last them through; if their flour be- came exhausted, they could use their dried meat for bread with bacon for meat, and thus get along very well. Their route continued up the Platte and Sweet- water, the ascent being so gradual that it was hardly perceptible. They lived almost entirely on fresh meat, from three to five men being detailed as hunters each day. After going some distance up the Sweet- water, it was resolved to go into camp and remain long enough to accumulate sufficient meat for the remainder of the journey. As the American bison, or buffalo, is now practi- cally extinct, and their existence will soon be beyond the memory of even the oldest inhabitant, a descrip- tion of this hunt may not be out of place in these pages. John Murphy, Allen Montgomery, Joseph Foster, and Moses Schallenberger started out at day- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 43 light, intending to hunt together, but they soon became separated, Murphy and Foster following one herd of cows and Montgomery and Schallenberger another. We will follow the latter party, gathering our facts from Mr. Schallenberger's narration. They kept after the herd all day without being able to get within rifle range, owing to the fact that a picket guard of bulls was always kept on the highest points, who gave the alarm on the approach of the hunters. Finally they reached a large mound of rocks, under shelter of which they thought they might reach a ravine which would furnish cover within range of the game. They reached the top of the mound, and, looking over, dis- covered an old bull on the other side, fast asleep. To keep out of sight of the herd they would be compelled to pass in front of his nose. They crawled along cautiously, near enough to touch him with their guns, and they began to hope for success in their under- taking; but as soon as they came in front of his nose, he seemed to wind them, and, starting up with a snort, he rushed off toward the cows at full speed. Aggra- vated by their failure, Montgomery sent a bullet after the bull, which tumbled him on the plain. The report of the rifle startled the herd and caused them to move on. The hunters followed them until nearly dark, when they stopped at a small tributary of the Sweetwater to drink. Here the men, by crawling on their stom- achs and taking advantage of a few greasewood bushes that were growing here and there over the plain, succeeded in approaching within about two hun- dred yards of the game. It was now nearly night- fall, and although the distance was too great for ac- curate shooting, it was their last chance, and they re- solved to make the venture. Selecting a good-look- ing cow, they both aimed at her heart. At the word "fire" both rifles were discharged simultaneously. The bullets struck the quarry just above the kidneys, and her hind parts dropped to the ground. The hunt- ers concealed themselves behind the brush and re- loaded their rifles. In the meantime the entire herd gathered round the wounded cow, sniffing the blood and pawing and bellowing. While thus engaged, Montgomery and Schallen- berger emerged from their concealment, and, advanc- ing to about seventy-five yards, shot down seven of the best of them; but as they advanced nearer, the herd took fright and galloped off, all but one bull, which remained near the broken-backed cow, and showed fight. Two bullets were fired into him, and he walked off about forty yards and laid down and died. On examining the cow first shot, they found the two bullet-holes not two inches apart, but neither one was within three feet of the point aimed at. It was now quite dark, and they could not return to camp. Accordingly, they made their bed between the carcasses of the two cows, and, butchering the others, carried the meat to this place to protect it from the wolves These animals gathered in large numbers and made night hideous until, towards morning, they were driven off by a huge bear, who had come for his breakfast. As soon as it became light enough to shoot, Montgomery and Schallenberger attempted to kill the bear, but he went away so rapidly that they could not follow him. After returning from pur- suit of the bear, they finished butchering their game, which process consisted of cutting out the choice pieces and leaving the rest to the wolves. Packing the meat on their horses, they started for camp about three o'clock in the afternoon. They traveled until after dark, but could find no camp. The moon was in the third quarter, but the night was cloudy, and they became bewildered. They traveled all night, walking and leading their horses. At daybreak they crossed the trail of the wagons about a quarter of a mile from camp. They arrived at the wagons just as the guard was taken off. They were nearly worn out with fatigue, but Schallenberger says he felt a great deal more cheerful than when he and Murphy came into camp with neither meat nor arms. The other hunting parties had been equally successfully, and a week was spent in this camp killing and curing meat, after which they resumed their journey up the Sweet- water. In this camp was born to Mr. and Mrs. James Miller a daughter, who was named Ellen In- dependence, from Independence Rock, which was near the place. They continued sending out hunting parties until they reached the summit of the Rocky Mount- ains, when the buffalo disappeared. There was still plenty of deer and antelope, which rendered it un- necessary to draw on their supply of dried meat. On reaching the summit they saw that the water ran to- wards California, and their hearts were rejoiced as though already in sight of the promised land. They had no idea of how much farther they had to go. They had already come hundreds of miles and natu- rally supposed that their journey was nearing its end. Neither did they realize that they were still to en- counter obstacles almost insurmountable and undergo hardships compared to which their journey thus far had been a pleasure excursion, 44 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' The emigrants now moved towards Green River, by way of Little and Big Sandy. They camped on Big Sandy twenty-four hours, and there old man Hitchcock was appointed pilot for one day, he saying .that, from information he had, he could take them to Green River by a cut-off that would save a hundred miles' travel. By this route he thought the distance from Big Sandy to Green River was about twenty- five miles. Not knowing the character of the country, and thinking the distance was short, the emigrants did not prepare a supply of water to take with them, as they might have done and saved themselves much suffering. Starting at daylight they traveled until dark, most of the distance being across a rough, broken country, but found no Green River or water of any kind. At last they were compelled to halt in the midst of a desolate country, tired and nearly famished for water. The poor cattle suffered terribly, and notwithstanding their precautions in herding them, about forty head of cows and young cattle broke away in the night. The next morning they pushed forward as soon as it was light enough to see, and at eleven o'clock reached Green River. This was their first real hardship on the march, and, coming unexpectedly, it found them unprepared, and their sufferings were much greater than they otherwise would have been. The next morning after their arrival at Green River, they detailed six men to hunt for the cattle that had broken loose on the march from Big Sandy. This detail consisted of Daniel Murphy, William Higgins, Mr. Bean, Perry Derby, Mat Harbin and Moses Schallenberger. After start- ing on the hunt, a difference of opinion arose as to the route the cattle had taken. Murphy, Schallen- berger, and Bean thought they had taken the back track to the Big Sandy; the others thought they had made for the nearest water, which was at Green River, some twelve miles below the point reached by the emigrants. Not being able to agree, they divided the party, Murphy, Bean, and Schallenberger going back to the Sandy. About half way across, while this party were riding along in Indian file. Murphy, who was in advance, suddenly ducked his head, threw his body over to the side of his horse, and, wheeling round, signaled to the others to do the same. They obeyed, and, putting their horses to full speed, followed Murphy to a small canon, which they ascended for a quarter of a mile. During this time not a word had been spoken, but now, coming to a halt, they inquired what was the matter. Murphy laconically replied, " Indians." The party dismounted and tied, their horses, and, getting down on their stomachs, crawled to a point where they could overlook the plain. Here they discovered a war party of about a hundred Sioux, who were so near that their conversa- tion could be distinctly heard. They passed within twenty yards of the spot where our emigrants were concealed, without discovering them, and the little party drew a long breath of relief when the last feath- ered top-knot disappeared down the horizon. It was a close call, for had their presence been known, the little band of whites would never have seen the golden plains of California. Again mounting their horses, they proceeded to the Big Sandy, where they found all the missing cattle. Gathering them up, they passed the night in their old camp, and the next morning set out on their return to Green River. They had proceeded only half a mile when they discovered two Indians on horseback on the top of a hill about a mile dis- tant. In a couple of minutes, two more made their appearance in another direction, and within ten minutes they were surrounded by a couple of hundred Indians, all whooping and charging in a manner to strike terror to the bravest heart. There seemed no escape, but the little party resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. In the short time they had for consultation, it was determined that when they ap- proached within range each man should select his Indian, shoot him, and then charge, trusting to Provi- dence to get through to camp. They said good-by to each other and waited the onset. About twenty of the Indians were in advance of their party, and when these had approached to a distance of two hundred yards, the emigrants signed to them to stop. This they did, and sent three men without arms to parley. These ca'me on until they were only fifty yards distant, when they halted and held out their hands as a sign of friendship. Schallenberger says that at this sign their hair, which up to this time had been standing as erect as the quills on the back of a porcupine, began to resume its proper position and their blood, which had been jumping through their veins like a race-horse, reduced its pace to a moderate gait. The Indians proved to be a party of friendly Snakes, who were in pursuit of the band of Sioux from which our party had had such a narrow escape the day before. They were very friendly, and some of them accompanied our friends to assist them in driving their cattle quite a distance on their PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD: 45 way back to Green River, which they reached about nine o'clock at night. The route of the emigrants now lay across a broken country to Bear River, where they found old "Peg-leg" Smith, as he was called. He was one of the earliest trappers of the Rocky Mountains, and was living alone in the hills. He had a band of fat ponies, which he exchanged for some of the poor and tired horses of the train. Proceeding down Bear River, they arrived without adventure at Fort Hall, which was the point at which the Oregon party was to separate from those going to California. Here they were compelled to purchase flour, for which they paid a dollar a pound. The Murphy-Townsend party had started with a supply of provisions sufficient for eight mouths, but others were not so well provided. In fact, several had run out of flour and bacon some time previously, and the others had divided with them. As for meat, the party thought they had plenty; if their dried meat and bacon became ex- hausted, they could kill the young cattle they had brought along for that purpose. The parting with the Oregon party was a sad one. During the long journey across the plains, many strong friendships had been formed, and the separation was deeply regretted by all. Our emigrant train now consisted of eleven wagons and twenty-six persons, all as determined to push on to California as on the day they left Council Bluffs. The country they had traversed was more or less known to trappers and hunters, and there had not been much danger of losing their way; neither were the obstacles very formidable. But the re- mainder of the route lay for most of the distance through an unknown country, through which they must find their way without map, chart, or guide, and, with diminished numbers, overcome obstacles the magnitude of which none of them had any con- ception. After remaining at Fort Hall for several days, the party resumed its march, crossing the country to Beaver Creek, or Raft River, which they followed for two days; thence westward over a broken country to Goose Creek; thence to the head-waters of Mary's River, or the Humboldt, as it has since been named. Here they encountered the Digger Indians. The language of this tribe was unknown to old man Greenwood, who had hitherto acted as pilot and interperter, but by use of signs and some few words of the Snake language, he managed to converse with them in a limited way. The journey down the Humboldt was very monotonous. Each day's events were substantially a repetition of those of the day before. There was plenty of good grass, and the party was not inconvenienced by the alkali water, which caused so much trouble to trains that afterwards came over this route. The Indians seemed to be the most indolent and degraded of any that the party had yet encountered. They were totally with- out energy. They seemed very friendly and every night hundreds of them visited the camp. This they continued to, do during the entire journey down the Humboldt, a distance of five hundred miles. Al- though they showed no signs of hostility, the emi- grants did not relax their vigilance, and guard duty was strictly performed. At the sink of the Humboldt, the alkali became troublesome, and it was with diffi- culty that pure water was procured either for the peo- ple or the cattle. However, no stock was lost, except- ing one pony belonging to Martin Murphy, Sr., which was stolen. The party stopped at the sink for a week in order to rest the cattle and lay out their future course. Mr. Schallenberger states that their oxen were in tolerably good condition; their feet were as sound and much harder, and except that they needed a little rest, they were really better prepared for work than when they left Missouri. The party seemed to have plenty of provisions, and the only doubtful question was the route they should pursue. A desert lay before them, and it was necessary that they should make no mistake in the choice of a route. Old Mr. Greenwood's contract as pilot had expired when they reached the Rocky Mountains. Beyond that he did not pretend to know anything. Many anxious con- sultations were held, some contending that they should follow a southerly course, and others held that they should go due west. Finally, an old Indian was found, called Truckee, with whom old man Green talked by means of signs and diagrams drawn on the ground. From him it was learned that fifty or sixty miles to the west there was a river that flowed easterly from the mountains, and that along this stream there were large trees and good grass. Acting on this informa- tion. Dr. Townsend, Captain Stevens, and Joseph Foster, taking Truckee as a guide, started out to ex- plore this route, and after three days returned, report- ing that they had found the river just as the Indian had described it. Although there was still a doubt in the minds of some as to whether this was the proper route to take, none held back when the time came to 46 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' start. In fact, there was no time for further dis- cussion. It was now the first of October, and they could see that if a heavy fall of snow should overtake them while yet in the mountains, it would be almost im- possible for them to get through. Thus far there had been no trouble with the Indians. All that they had met had been treated kindly, and the natives had rather assisted than impeded them in their journey. It had, however, required constant watching on the part of the older men to prevent the hot blood of the younger ones from boiling over now and then. This was particularly the case with John Greenwood, who, being a half-breed, had a mortal hatred for the Indians. On several occasions, when an ox would stray away, he would accuse the natives of having stolen it, and it would require the utmost exercise of authority to pre- vent him from precipitating hostilities. It seemed as if he was more anxious to kill an Indian than to reach California. On the morning that the start was made from the sink of the Humboldt, a general engagement be- came very imminent. Schallenberger, whose con- duct on the march had been conspicuous for cool- ness and discretion, missed a halter from his horse, and on searching for it saw one end projecting from under the short feather blanket worn by an Indian who was standing near. Schallenberger demanded the halter, but the Indian paid no attention ; he then attempted to explain to him what he wanted, but the Indian pretended that he did not understand. He then took hold of the halter to remove it, when the Indian stepped back and drew his bow. Schallen- berger ran to the wagon, took his rifle, and drew a bead on the redskin, and was about to pull the trigger when Martin Murphy rushed in and threw up the muzzle of the gun. The whole camp was in con- fusion in a moment, but the matter was explained, and the Indians loaded with presents until they were pacified. If the Indian had been killed, there is no doubt that the entire party would have been mas- sacred. It did not need the reprimand that Schallen- berger received from his brother-in-law. Dr. Townsend, to convince him of his folly, and no one regretted his rashness more than he himself did. The party left the sink of the Humboldt, having cooked two days' rations and filled all the available vessels with water. After traveling with scarcely a halt until twelve o'clock the next night, they reached a boiling spring at what is now Hot Spring Station, on the Central Pacific Railroad. Here they halted two hours to permit the oxen to rest. Some of the party dipped water from the spring into tubs, and allowed it to cool for the use of the cattle. It was a sad experiment, for those oxi n that drank it be- came very sick. Resuming the march, they traveled steadily until two o'clock the next day, when they reached the river, which they named the Truckee, in honor of the old Indian chief, who had piloted them to it. The cattle, not having eaten or drank for forty- eight hours, were almost famished. This march was of eighty miles across an alkali desert, knee deep in alkali dust. The people, having water in their wag- ons, did not suffer so much, but there were occasions when it was extremely doubtful if they would be able to reach water with their cattle. So crazed were they with thirst that if the precaution had not been taken to unhitch them while yet some distance from the stream, they would have rushed headlong into the water and wrecked the wagons and destroyed their contents. There being fine grass and good water here, the party camped two days, until the cattle were thoroughly rested and refreshed. Then commenced the ever-to-be-remembered jour- ney up the Truckee to the summit of the Sierras. At first it was not discouraging. There was plenty of wood, water, grass, and game, and the weather was pleasant. The oxen were well rested, and for a few days good progress was made. Then the hills began to grow nearer together, and the country was so rough and broken that they frequently had to travel in the bed of the stream. The river was so crooked that one day they crossed it ten times in traveling a mile. This al- most constant traveling in the water softened the hoofs of the oxen, while the rough stones in the bed of the river wore them down, until the cattle's feet were so sore that it became a torture for them to travel. The whole party were greatly fatigued by the incessant labor. But they dared not rest. It was near the middle of Octo- ber, and a few light snows had already fallen, warning them of the imminent danger of being buried in the snow in the mountains. They pushed on, the route each day becoming more and more difficult. Each day the hills seemed to come nearer together and the stream to become more crooked. They were now compelled to travel altogether in the bed of the river, there not being room between its margin and the hills to furnish foothold to an ox. The feet of the cattle became so sore that the drivers were compelled to walk beside them in the water, or they could not be urged to take a step ; and, in many PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 47 instances, the teams had to be trebled in order to drag the wagons at all. On top of all these disheartening conditions came a fall of snow a foot deep, burying the grass from the reach of the cattle, and threatening them with starvation. The poor, foot- sore oxen, after toiling all day, would stand and bawl for food all night, in so piteous a manner that the emigrants would for- get their own misery in their pity for their cattle. But there was nothing to offer them except a few pine leaves, which were of no effect in appeasing their hunger. Still the party toiled on, hoping soon to pass the summit and reach the plains beyond, and that beautiful land so eloquently described to them by Father Hookins. In face of all these obstacles, there was no thought of turning back. One day they came to some rushes that were too tall to be entirely cov- ered by the snow; the cattle ate these so greedily that two of James Murphy's oxen died. However, by con- stant care in regulating the amount of this food, no evil effects were experienced, although it was not very nourishing. These rushes were scattered at irregular intervals along the river, and scouts were sent out each day to find them and locate a camp for the night. Some days the rushes would be found in a very short drive, and sometimes they would not be found at all. In this manner they dragged their slow course along until they reached a point where the river forked, the main stream bearing southwest and the tributary almost due west. Then arose the question as to which route should be taken. There being an open space and pretty good feed at the forks of the river, it was decided to go into camp and hold a consultation. This camp was made on what is now the site of the city of Truckee, and the route pursued by these emi- grants is practically that now followed by the Cen- tral Pacific Railroad. After considering the matter fully, it was decided that a few of the party should leave the wagons and follow the main stream, while the others should go by way of the tributary, as that seemed to be the more promising route for the vehi- cles. Those who left the party were Mrs. Townsend, Miss Ellen Murphy, John Murphy, Daniel Murphy, Oliver Magnan, and Mrs. Townsend's servant, Francis. They each had a horse to ride, and they took with them two pack-horses and some provisions. The ladies had each a change of clothing and some blankets, and each man had a rifle and ammunition. There was still some game to be found, and as the Murphys were good hunters there was no thought of their starving. In our account of this journey we have followed the narrative of Mr. Schallcnberger, who has kindly fur- nished us with the facts. In regard to this separation, John Murphy says that there was no consultation or agreement; that the persons spoken of were traveling in advance of the rest of the party, and, coming to the forks of the river, naturally took the main stream, ex- pecting the others to follow, which they did not do. However this may be, the fact remains that the par- ties here separated and went the different routes as above stated. The party with the wagons proceeded up the tribu- tary, or Little Truckee, a distance of two miles and a half, when they came to the lake since known as Donner Lake. They now had but one mountain be- tween them and California, but this seemed an im- passable barrier. Several days were spent in attempts to find a pass, and finally the route, over which the present railroad is, was selected. The oxen were so worn out that some of the party abandoned the attempt to get their wagons any further. Others determined to make another effort. Those who determined to bring their wagons were Martin Murphy, Jr., James Murphy, James Miller, Mr. Hitchcock, and old Mr. Martin, Mrs. James Murphy's father. The others left their wagons. The snow on the mountains was now about two feet deep. Keeping their course on the north side of the lake until they reached its head, they started up the mountain. All the wagons were unloaded and the contents carried up the hill. Then the teams were doubled and the empty wagons were hauled up. When about half way up the mountain they came to a vertical rock about ten feet high. It seemed now that everything would have to be abandoned except what the men could carry on their backs. After a tedious search they found a rift in the rock, just about wide enough to allow one ox to pass at a time. Removing the yokes from the cattle, they managed to get them one by one through this chasm to the top of the rock. There the yokes were replaced, chains were fastened to the tongues of the wagons, and carried to the top of the rock, where the cattle were hitched to them. Then the men lifted at the wagons, while the cattle pulled at the chains, and by this in- genious device the vehicles were all, one by one, got across the barrier. After reaching the summit a drive of twenty miles westerly brought them to the head-waters of the Yuba River, where the able-bodied men started for Sutter's Fort, then known as New Helvetia, and now as the city of Sacramento. They walked and drove the cattle. 48 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' expecting to return immediately with supplies for the train. The others remained in camp. Thus were the first wagons that ever made tracks in California soil, brought across the mountains. Those who remained with the wagons on the Yuba were Mrs. Martin Murphy, with her four boys, Martin, James, Patrick W., and Bernard D.; Mrs. James Murphy, with her daughter Mary; Mr. James Miller, wife, and three children; Mrs. Patterson, with her children, and old Mr. Martin, Mrs. James Murphy's father. Leaving them here for the present, we will return to the wagons, which had been abandoned when the party divided at the forks of the Truckee. Dr. Townsend and Mr. Schallenberger had brought with them an invoice of valuable goods, which they had intended to sell in California. When the wagons were abandoned, Schallenberger volunteered to re- main with them and protect the goods until the rest of the party could reach California and return with other and fresher animals with which to move them. Mr. Schallenberger thus describes his experience: — " There seemed little danger to me in undertaking this. Game seemed to be abundant. We had seen a number of deer, and one of our party had killed a bear, so I had no fears of starvation. The Indians in that vicinity were poorly clad, and I therefore felt no anxiety in regard to them, as they probably would stay further south as long as cold weather lasted. Knowing that we were not far from California, and being unacquainted, except in a general way, with the climate, I did not suppose that the snow would at any time be more than two feet deep, nor that it would be on the ground continually. "After I had decided to stay, Mr. Joseph Foster and Mr. Allen Montgomery said they would stay with me, and so it was settled, and the rest of the party started across the mountains. They left us two cows, so worn out and poor that they could go no further. We did not care for them to leave us any cattle for food, for, as I said, there seemed to be plenty of game, and we were all good hunters, well furnished with ammunition, so we had no apprehension that we would not have plenty to eat, that is, plenty of meat. Bread we had not tasted for many weeks, and had no desire for it. We had used up all our supply of buffalo meat, and had been living on fresh beef and bacon, which seemed to satisfy us completely. "The morning after the separation of our party, which we felt was only for a short time, Foster, Mont- gomery and myself set about making a cabin, for we determined to make ourselves as comfortable as possi- ble, even if it was for a short time. We cut saplings and yoked up our poor cows and hauled them together. These we formed into a rude house, and covered it with rawhides and pine brush. The size was about twelve by fourteen feet. We made a chimney of logs eight or ten feet high, on the outside, and used some large stones for the jambs and back. We had no windows; neither was the house chinked or daubed, as is usual in log-houses, but we notched the logs down so close that they nearly or quite touched. A hole was cut for a door, which -was never closed. We left it open in the day-time to give us light, and as we had plenty of good beds and bedding that had been left with the wagons, and were not afraid of burglars, we left it open at night also. This cabin is thus par- ticularly described because it became historic, as be- ing the residence of a portion of the ill-fated Donner party in 1846. " On the evening of the day we finished our little house it began to snow, and that night it fell to a depth of three feet. This prevented a hunt which we had in contemplation for the next day. It did not worry us much, however, for the weather was not at all cold, and we thought the snow would soon melt.. But we were doomed to disappointment. A week passed, and instead of any snow going off more came. At last we were compelled to kill our cows, for the snow was so deep that they could not get around to eat. They were nothing but skin and bones, but we killed the poor things to keep them from starving to death. We hung them up on the north side of the house and covered them with pine brush. That night the meat froze, and as the weather was just cold enough to keep it frozen, it remained fresh without salt. It kept on snowing continually, and our little cabin was almost covered. It was now about the last of November or first of December, and we began to fear that we should all perish in the snow. "The snow was so light and frosty that it would not bear us up, therefore we were not able to go out at all except to cut wood for the fire; and if that had not been near at hand I do not know what we should have done. None of us had ever seen snow-shoes, and of course had no idea how to make them, but finally Foster and Montgomery managed to make something they called a snow-shoe. I was only a boy and had no more idea of what a snow-shoe looked like than a Louisiana darkey. Their method of con- struction was this: Taking some of our wagon bows, which were of hickory and about half an inch thick. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLDS' 49 they bent them into an oblong shape forming a sort of hoop. This they filled with a network of rawhide. We were now able to walk on the snow to bring in our wood, and that was about all there was to do. There was no game. We went out several times but never saw anything. What could we expect to find in ten feet of snow ? It would sometimes thaw a little during the day and freeze at night, which made a crust on the snow sufficiently thick to bear the weight of a coyote, or a fox, and we used sometimes to see the tracks of these animals, but we were never fortunate enough to get a sight of the animals them- selves. "We now began to feel very blue, for there seemed no possible hope for us. We had already eaten about half our meat, and with the snow on the ground get- ting deeper and deeper each day, there was no chance for game. Death, the fearful, agonizing death by starvation, literally stared us in the face. At last, after due consideration, we determined to start for California on foot. Accordingly we dried some of our beef, and each of us carrying ten pounds of meat, a pair of blankets, a rifle and ammunition, we set out on our perilous journey. Not knowing how to fasten snow-shoes to our feet made it very fatiguing to walk with them. We fastened them heel and toe, and thus had to lift the whole weight of the shoe at every step, and as the shoe would necessarily sink down somewhat, the snow would crumble in on top of it, and in a short time each shoe weighed about ten pounds. "Foster and Montgomery were 'matured men, and could consequently stand a greater amount of hardship than I, who was still a growing boy with weak muscles and a huge appetite, both of which were being used in exactly the reverse order designed by nature. Consequently, when we reached the sum- mit of the mountain about sunset that night, having traveled a distance of about fifteen miles, I was scarcely able to drag one foot after the other. The day had been a hard one for us all, but particularly painful to me. The awkward manner in which our snow-shoes were fastened to our feet made the mere act of walking the hardest kind of work. In addi- tion to this, about the middle of the afternoon I was seized with cramps. I fell down with them several times, and my companions had to wait for me, for it was impossible for me to move until the paroxysm had passed off". After each attack I would summon all my will power and press on, trying , to keep up with the others. Toward evening, however, the at- 7 tacks became more frequent and painful, and I could not walk more than fifty yards without stopping to rest. " When night came on we cut down a tree and with it built a fire on top of the snow. We then spread some pine brush for our beds, and after eating a little of our jerky and standing round our fire in a vain attempt to get warm, we laid down and tried to sleep. Although we were thoroughly exhausted, sleep would not come. Anxiety as to what might have been the fate of those who had preceded us, as well as uncertainty as to our fate, kept us awake all night. Every now and then one of us would rise to replenish the fire, which, though it kept us from freez- ing, could not make us comfortable. When daylight came we found that our fire had melted the snow in a circle of about fifteen feet in diameter, and had sunk to the ground a distance also of about fifteen feet. The fire was so far down that we could not get to it, but as we had nothing to cook, it made but little difference. We ate our jerky while we deliberated as to what we should do next. I was so stiff that I could hardly move, and my companions had grave doubts as to whether I could stand the journey. If I should give out they could afford me no assistance, and I would necessarily be left to perish in the snow. I fully realized the situation, and told them that I would re- turn to the cabin and live as long as possible on the quarter of beef that was still there, and when it was all gone I would start out again alone for California. They reluctantly assented to my plan, and promised that if they ever got to California and it was possible to get back, they would return to my assistance. "We did not say much at parting. Our hearts were too full for that. There was simply a warm clasp of the hand accompanied by the familiar word, ' Good-by,' which we all felt might be the last words we should ever speak to each other. The feeling of lone- liness that came over me as the two men turned away I cannot express, though it will never be forgotten, while the, ' Good-by, Mose,' so sadly and reluctantly spoken, rings in my ears to-day. I desire to say here that both Foster and Montgomery were brave, warm- hearted men, and it was by no fault of theirs that I was thus left alone. It would only have made mat- ters worse for either of them to remain with me, for the quarter of beef at the cabin would last me longer alone, and thus increase my chances of escape. While our decision was a sad one, it was the only one that could be made. " My companions had not been long out of sight 50 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." before my spirits began to revive, and I began to think, like Micawber, that something might 'turn up.' So I strapped on my blankets and dried beef, shouldered my gun, and began to retrace my steps to the cabin. It had frozen during the night and this enabled me to walk on our trail without the snow-shoes. This was a great relief, but the exertion and sickness of the day before had so weakened me that I think I was never so tired in my life as when, just a little before dark, I came in sight of the cabin. The door-sill was only nine inches high, but I could not step over it without taking my hands to raise my leg. * * * As soon as I was able to crawl around the next morning I put on my snow-shoes, and, tak- ing my rifle, scoured the country thoroughly for foxes. The result was as I had expected — ^just as it had always been — plenty of tracks, but no fox. "Discouraged and sick at heart, I came in from my fruitless search and prepared to pass another night of agony. As I put my gun in the corner, my eyes fell upon some steel traps that Captain Stevens had brought with him and left behind in his wagon. In an instant the thought flashed across my mind, 'If I can't shoot a coyote or fox, why not trap one.' There was inspiration in the thought, and my spirits began to rise immediately. The heads of the two cows I cut to pieces for bait, and, having raked the snow from some fallen trees, and found other sheltered places, I set my traps. That night I went to bed with a lighter heart, and was able to get some sleep. "As soon as daylight came I was out to inspect the traps. I was anxious to see them and still I dreaded to look. After some hesitation I commenced theexamina- tion, and to my great delight I found in one of them a starved coyote. I soon had his hide off and his flesh roasted in a Dutch oven. I ate this meat, but it was horrible. I next tried boiling him, but it did not im- prove the flavor. I cooked him in every possible manner my imagination, spurred by hunger, could suggest, but could not get him into a condition where he could be eaten without revolting my stomach. But for three days this was all I had to eat. On the third night I caught two foxes. I roasted one of them, and the meat, though entirely devoid of fat, was delicious. I was so hungry that I could easily have eaten a fox at two meals, but I made one last me two days. "I often took my gun and tried to find something to shoot, but in vain. Once I shot a crow that seemed to have got out of his latitude and stopped on a tree near the cabin. I stewed the crow, but it was difficult for me to decide which I liked best, crow or coyote. I now gave my whole attention to trapping, having found how useless it was to hunt for game. I caught, on an average, a fox in two days, and every now and then a coyote. These last-named animals I carefully hung up under the brush shed on the north side of the cabin, but I never got hungry enough to eat one of them again. There were eleven hanging there when I came away. I never really suffered for something to eat, but was in almost continual anxiety for fear the supply would give out. For instance, as soon as one meal was finished I began to be distressed for fear I could not get another one. My only hope was that the supply of foxes would not become exhausted. "One morning two of my traps contained foxes. Having killed one, I started for the other, but, before I could reach it, the fox had left his foot in the trap and started to run. I went as fast as I could to the cabin for my gun, and then followed him. He made for a creek about a hundred yards from the house, into which he plunged and swam across. He was scram- bling up the opposite bank when I reached the creek. In my anxiety at the prospect of losing my breakfast, I had forgotten to remove a greasy wad that I usually kept in the muzzle of my gun to prevent it from rust- ing, and when I fired, the ball struck the snow about a foot above reynard's back. I reloaded as rapidly as possible, and as the gun was one of the old-fashioned flint-locks that primed itself, it did not require much time. But, short as the time was, the fox had gone about forty yards when I shot him. Now the problem was to get him to camp. The water in the stream was about two and a half feet deep and icy cold. But I plunged in, and, on reaching the other side, waded for forty yards through the snow, into which I sank to my arms, secured my game, and returned the way I came. I relate this incident to illustrate how much affection I had for the fox. It is strange that I never craved anything to eat but good fat meat. For bread or vegetables I had no desire. Salt I had in plenty, but never used. I had just coffee enough for one cup, and that I saved for Christmas. "My life was more miserable than I can describe. The daily struggle for life and the uncertainty under which I labored were very wearing. I was always worried and anxious, not about myself alone, but in regard to the fate of those who had gone forward. I would lie awake nights and think of these things, and revolve in my mind what I would do when the supply of foxes became exhausted. The quarter of beef I had not touched, and I resolved to dry it, and, when the foxes were all gone, to take my gun, blankets, and PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 51 dried beef and follow in the footsteps of my former companions. "Fortunately, I had a plenty of books, Dr. Town- send having brought out quite a library. I used often to read aloud, for I longed for some sound to break the oppressive stillness. For the same reason, I would talk aloud to myself At night I built large fires and read by the light of the pine knots as late as possible, in order that I might sleep late the next morning, and thus cause the days to seem shorter. What I wanted most was enough to eat, and the next thing I tried hardest to do was to kill time. I thought the snow would never leave the ground, and the few months I had been living here seemed years. "One evening, a little before sunset, about the last of February, as I was standing a short distance from my cabin, I thought I could distinguish the form of a man moving towards me. I first thought it was an Indian, but very soon I recognized the familiar face of Dennis Martin. My feelings can be better imagined than de- scribed. He relieved my anxiety about those of our party who had gone forward with the wagons. They had all arrived safely in California and were then in camp on the Yuba. They were all safe, although some of them had suffered much from hunger. Mrs. Patterson and her children had eaten nothing for four- teen days but I'awhides. Mr. Martin had brought a small amount of provisions on his back, which were shared among them. All the male portion of the party, except Foster and Montgomery, had joined Captain Sutter and gone to the Micheltorena war. Dr. Townsend was surgeon of the corps. My sister, Mrs. Townsend, hearing that Mr. Martin was about to return to pilot the emigrants out of the wilderness, begged him to extend his journey a little farther and lend a helping hand to her brother Moses. He con- sented to do so, and here he was. Being a Canadian, he was accustomed to snow-shoes, and soon showed me how to fix mine so I could travel with less than half the labor. He made the shoe a little narrower, and fastened it to the foot only at the to?, thus mak- ing the heel a little heavier, so that the shoe would drag on the snow instead of having to be lifted at every step." The next morning after Martin's arrival at the cabin he and Schallenberger started to return. Schallen- berger's scanty diet and limited exercise rendered this a rather trying journey for him. But they arrived safely at the emigrants' camp, which, during Martin's absence, had been moved two days' journey down the hills. At this gamp was )?orn to }lir. and Mrs, ]Vf artin Murphy a daughter, the first white child born in California. She was named Elizabeth, and afterwards married Mr. William Taaffe. To make this history complete, we must return to the party which, separating from the wagons at the forks of the Truckee, followed the main stream. They continued up the river to Lake Tahoe, and were the first white people to look upon that beautiful body of water. Here they crossed the river, keeping on the west side of the lake for some distance, and then struck across the hills to the headwaters of the Ameri- can River, which they followed down to the valley. This route was exceedingly rough, much more so than the one up the Truckee on the other side. The American River was wider and deeper than the Truckee, and fully as crooked. They were compelled to cross it many times, and frequently their horses were compelled to swim, and the current was so swift as to make this a very hazardous undertaking. Mrs. Townsend rode an Indian pony, which was an ex- cellent swimmer. She would ride him across the river and then send him back by one of the boys for Ellen Murphy. Once this pony lost his feet. He had crossed the river several times and was nearly worn out. John Murphy had ridden him back to get a pack saddle, and on returning, the pony fell. John, though an excellent swimmer, had a narrow escape from drowning. The water was running with the force of a mill race, while the bed of the stream was full of huge rocks, against which he was dashed and disabled from swimming. The party on the banks were paralyzed with terror as he was swept down the raging torrent. Recovering themselves, they hurried down the stream, expecting at every step to see his mangled body thrown upon the shore. But John had not lost his head in his deadly peril. Watching his opportunity, as he was swept under a willow tree which grew on the bank, he seized the overhanging branches and held on with a death grip until he was rescued. The ice-cold water and the mauling he had received from the rocks rendered him unconscious. A warm fire restored him to his senses, but it was many days before he fully recovered from the shock caused by his involuntary bath. The party were twenty-one days in getting to the valley. They did not suffer for food, for they were soon out of the snow and in a game country. John and Dan Murphy were excellent hunters, and there was no scarcity of meat. If game was scarce there was plenty of cattle roaming about, which made star- vation impossible. They followed the American River 52 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." until they came to St. Clair's ranch, where they stopped for some time. Mr. and Mrs. St. Clair re- ceived them with a warm hospitality, which excited the liveliest feelings of gratitude in the hearts of the emigrants. These feelings were mingled with remorse when they thought of the number of St. Clair's calves that had been killed on the way down the river. They had, of course, intended to pay for them, but just at that time they had no money. The idea of accept- ing the hospitality of a man whose cattle they had killed, worked on their feelings until it nearly broke their hearts. The teachings of their father, the old patriarch, had kept their consciences tender, and they held many secret consultations as to what should be done in the premises. They finally determined to confess. The lots cast for spokesman elected Dan Murphy, but it was agreed that all should be present to give him their moral support. Dan opened the interview by carelessly in- quiring who owned all those calves that they had en- countered coming down the river. St. Clair said he guessed they all belonged to him. "Well," said Dan, "there's a good bunch of them. What are calves about three months old worth in this country?" St. Clair told him. "Well," resumed Dan, "we killed some of them to eat, and we haven't got any money to pay you now, but if you will let us work out the price we will be very much obliged." The earnest- ness of the boys amused Mr. St. Clair very much, and when he told them that they were welcome to the calves they had killed, and as many more as they wanted to eat, they retired from the interview with a great load lifted from their consciences. From St. Clair's they went down to Sutter's, arriv- ing there about the same time that the men from the wagons got in. Here they found great excitement. Micheltorena had been appointed by the Mexican Government as Governor of California, with both civil and military authority. The former officials, Alvarado and Vallejo, had resolved to resist his authority, and had joined with them General Castro. The native Californians were very jealous of the for- eigners, especially the immigrants from the United States. Taking advantage of this feeling, the revolu- tionists had roused the country and collected quite a formidable army. Whatever may have been the in- tention of the leaders, it was openly talked by the rank and file, that, after they had settled their difficulty with Micheltorena, they would drive the foreigners from the country. The Murphy party had not come two thousand miles acrps.s deserts and mountains to be driven back into the hills without an effort in their own defense, and without hesitation they joined a company that Captain Sutter was raising for the as- sistance of Micheltorena, who held the legal com- mission as Governor of California. With this com- pany they went South, doing good service in the cam- paign as far as Santa Barbara. Here, there being no further need of their services, they started to return to their women and children, whom they had left with the wagons on the Yuba. Here was another instance of the indomitable cour- age of these men. The whole country had been roused against Micheltorena and the foreigners, and here was a handful of these same foreigners who had been ar- rayed against them in every movement from the Sacra- mento to Santa Barbara, now returning alone through this hostile country with no protection but their trusty rifles. The boldness of the act was only equaled by the skill which enabled them to make the return journey without firing a ho.stile gun. It seems as if the hand of Providence had upheld them through all their tribulations and dangers, and preserved them for some great destiny. They arrived at the wagons about the same time that Schallenberger was rescued by Dennis Martin from his perilous situation in the cabin by Donner Lake. About the time Schallenberger joined the wagons, with Martin, a man named Neil, who had been sent by Captain Sutter, with a supply of provis- ions and horses, arrived at the camp. The emigrants now were in a very cheerful frame of mind, being only one day's march from the plains, and the end of their year's journey in sight. The next day they pushed on, all mounted, some with saddles, some with pack-saddles, and some bare-back, and that night camped at the edge of the valley, on the banks of Bear River. This was the first of March, just one year from the time they left Missouri. They found Bear River full and still rising, from the melting snow in the mountains and the heavy rainfall of the season. There was no bridge or ferry, and an attempt was made to find a tree of sufficient length to reach across, but in vain. In this search for a tree Mr. Neil, who had gone down the stream, was cut off from the main- land by the rapidly rising waters, leaving him on a little island, which was soon submerged, and as he could not swim, he was compelled to climb a tree. His cries for help finally reached the ears of those in camp, and Schallenberger and John Murphy, each mounting a horse and leading a third one, swam into the foamingtorrent and brought him safely to the shore. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN O'F THE WORLD.' 53 Again the affairs of the emigrants began to assume a gloomy aspect. Bear River had overrun its banks until it was ten miles wide. The small supply of provisions sent in by Captain Sutter had been ex- hausted. Two deer had been killed, but this affcirded scarcely a mouthful each to so large a party. There was no direction in which they could move except to return to the hills, and this would only be making their condition worse. Three days passed with no food. They could hear the lowing of the cattle across the river, and now and then could discern the grace- ful forms of herds of antelope on the other side of the water. Mr. Schallenberger relates an incident that occurred at this time. The Hon. B. D. Murphy was then a little chap only four years old. As Schal- lenberger was sitting on a wagon-tongue, whittling a stick and meditating on the hollowness of all earthly things, and especially of the human stomach, little Barney approached him and asked if he would lend him his knife. "Certainly," replied Schallenberger, "but what do you want to do with it?" " I want to make a toothpick," said Barney. The idea of needing a toothpick when none of the party had tasted food for three days was so ridiculous that Schallenberger for- got the emptiness of his stomach and laughed heartily. There was a large band of wild horses belonging to Captain Sutter, which were ranging in the foot-hills on that side of the river where the emigrants' camp was located. The question of killing one of these had been seriously discussed. The proposition had been earnestly opposed by Martin Murphy, who had declared that it was not food fit for human beings, and that although in the last stages of starvation his stomach would revolt at such diet. The respect that the young men had for Mr. Murphy restrained them from committing equicide for some time. But at last it became a question of horse meat or starvation. One morning Mr. Murphy rode back over the trail to see if he could find any trace of an ox that they had lost on the march, while Schallenberger and Dennis Martin went hunting for something to eat. Returning empty handed, it was decided to kill a horse. Accordingly, Neil drove the band as near camp as possible, and Schallenberger shot a fine, fat two-year old filly. Mr. Murphy did not arrive until the meat had been dressed and was roasting before the fire. He had been unsuccessful in his search and was delighted to find that the boys had succeeded. With his face glowing with pleasure in anticipation of the feast, he inquired, "Who killed the heifer?" The party pointed to Schallenberger, and Mr. Murphy, patting him on the shoulder, exclaimed: "Good boy, good boy, but for you we might all have starved!" When the meat was cooked he ate of it, eloquently praising its juicy tenderness and fine flavor, which, he said, surpassed any meat he had ever tasted. About the time he had satisfied his appetite, his brother- in-law, James Miller, drew out the filly's mane from behind^ log, exhibited, it to Mr. Murphy, and asked him to see what queer horns they had taken from the heifer of which he had just been eating so heartily. Mr. Murphy's stomach immediately rebelled, and he returned to the ground the dinner which he had eaten with so much relish, saying, when he had recovered from his paroxysm, that he thought he had detected a peculiarly bad taste about that meat. He never, by any artifice, could be induced to taste horse flesh again. Soon after this, the waters receded sufficiently to allow the party to reach Feather River, where, near Hick's Farm, Captain Sutter had prepared a boat to ferry them across. Here the vaqueros brought them a fine fat cow, and, for the first time in many months, they had what Schallenberger called a "good square meal." Our pilgrims had reached the promised land. Their enduring faith had been lost in sight, and their hopes had ended in fruition. The old patriarch had gathered his flock around him in the shadow of the , Cross, in a country through the length and breadth of which the name of his family was destined to be- come a household word, and in the development and history of which they were to become prominent. Of all the property with which they started, little was left on their arrival in California. As Mrs. James Murphy said to the writer, "We brought very little property with us, but we did bring a good many days' work." After a short rest at Sutter's Fort, the party sepa- rated, each to seek a location and to plant his roof tree in his adopted land. Mr. Martin Murphy, Sr., with the unmarried portion of his family, which consisted of his three sons, Bernard, John, and Daniel, and his daughters, Ellen, Margaret, and Joanna, came to Santa Clara County and purchased the Rancho Ojo de Agua dela Coche, situated on the Monterey road, south of San Jose, near what has since been known as the Twenty-one Mile House. Here he lived for many years, loved and re- spected by all who knew him. Coming daily in con- tact with the native Californians, he commanded their good-will and respect, in spite of their natural jeal- 54 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ousy and hatred of the foreigners. In grateful re- membrance of the power which had safely led him by land and sea, through so many perils, to this haven of rest, he built a beautiful chapel on his ranch, which, in honor of his patron saint, he named San Martin. His house was located on the then most traveled road in California, and he always held its door wide open to the wayfarer. His liberal hospitality, his charity, his piety, his inflexible integrity, and his warm heart and sympathizing disposition, compelled the friendship of all who knew him, and when he died there was grief throughout the State. Courts adjourned, and business was suspended, while from every direc- tion people gathered to assist in the last sad rites of the patriarch and pioneer. For the last few years of his life he had retired from active business, making his home at San Francisco, and paying periodical visits to" the different members of his family. When death overtook him, which was on March i6, 1865, he was at the house of his daughter, Margaret Kell, near San Jose. Martin Murphy, Jr., the eldest son of Martin Murphy, located, after the emigrant party broke up at Sutter's, on the Cosumne River, in what is now Sacra- mento County. His family consisted of seven chil- dren, as follows: James, Martin, Patrick Washington, Bernard Daniel, Elizabeth, Mary Ann, and Ellen. Here he purchased four leagues of land and erected a house. About the first thing he did after taking possession of his new home, was to look around for a school-teacher. This he found in the person of one Patrick O'Brien, an educated man, who, having be- come reduced in circumstances, had joined the army. He came across the mountains with Fremont and probably deserted. While engaged in teaching at Murphy's, General Sherman, then a lieutenant, ar- rested him and took him away. We understand, however, that he was finally released. This was the first school ever held in Sacramento County. At this place their daughter Mary, afterward Mrs. Richard T. Carrol, of San Francisco, was born. The land which Mr. Murphy had purchased in Sacramento County was very fertile, but, desiring to live near his people, he removed to this county, and purchased the Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas, near Mountain View, containing four thousand eight hundred acres. While awaiting the building of a house on the new homestead, the family took up its residence in San Jose, occupying a house opposite where the convent now stands, which was owned by Mariano Hernandez. They were living here when Hernandez made his remarkable escape, as is elsewhere reported in this history. The first intimation the family had of this event was the visit of the officers to search the house. The John Foster whom Hernandez was accused of murdering was a brother of the Joseph Foster who crossed the plains with the Murphy party. The Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas became the permanent home of Martin Murphy, and here he, with his estimable wife, reared their large family. Here was born James T. Murphy, their youngest child. The mantle of Martin Murphy, Sr., had de- scended on his oldest son, and all the traits which characterized the founder of the family seemed de- veloped in a greater degree, if that were possible, in the son. His strict integrity, devout piety, kind and gentle disposition, liberal hospitality, united with a firmness of character, all combined to give him a place in the affection and respect of the people that no one has ever since been able to command. His wife was a worthy companion for such a man. Shar- ing all his trials, she lessened them, and partaking of his joys, she doubled them; and together they have impressed their character upon their children to such a degree that they have made them worthy to suc- ceed them. Language can accord no higher praise than this. These people also imprinted their individ- uality on their material surroundings to such an extent that the homestead soon forgot its old Span- ish name and became known throughout the country as the " Murphy Ranch." Their efforts were pros- pered to an eminent degree, and although .they ac- quired vast domains in several other counties, they never abandoned the first home which they had erected in Santa Clara County. The facilities afforded by the schools and colleges of the Catholic Fathers and Sisters, enabled them to see their children educated in all the higher branches, and to become cultured men and women, with ability and disposition to carry the honored family name untarnished to future generations. As the desire for religious and educational facilities was the controlling sentiment that induced the Mur- phys to cross the wilderness, it was also the main- spring of their actions after arriving at their destina- tion. To Martin Murphy was due the establishment of the College of Notre. Dame in this county. A number of the Sisters had established a school in the Willamette Valley, in Oregon. In 185 1, four Sisters from Cincinnati started to join this religious colony, and Sister Loyola and Sister Mary came down from PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 55 Oregon to San Francisco to meet them. While waiting for the arrival of the vessel from Panama, they accepted the invitation of Mr. Murphy to visit his family at Mountain View. During this visit they called at Santa Clara and San Jose, and determined to establish an institution here. The College of Notre Dame is the result of this determination. On the i8th of July, 1881, Mr. and Mrs. Murphy celebrated their " golden wedding " at the homestead at Mountain View. This event will be a landmark in the history of the county. About fifteen thousand people were present, including the most distinguished men of the State. People came hundreds of miles to offer their congratulations. They were all entertained in princely style beneath the shade of the noble live- oaks on the lawn. Hundreds of the best animals from the immense herds were slaughtered for the feast, while the choicest vintages of France and Cali- fornia were represented in limitless abundance. The virtues of Mr. and Mrs. Murphy were celebrated in song and in story, the most eminent men of the com- monwealth leaving their business to lay their tribute of respect at the feet of these pioneers. Soon after this event, Mr. Murphy's health began to fail, and three years later, October 20, 1884, he died, full of years and of honor. James Murphy, the second son of Martin Murphy, Sr., was born in County Wexford, Ireland, September 19, 1809, and was eleven years of age when his father removed to Canada. At that time he was a bright, intelligent boy, with stout muscles and an active brain. He was of great assistance to his father in establishing their new home, where he remained until he attained man's estate. He early developed a taste for the lumber business, and when twenty-four years of age, made a journey to Maine in this interest. He remained there but a short time, however, soon returning to Canada, where he went into business for himself, which he conducted successfully for nine years. During this time he met Miss Ann Martin, a beautiful and intelligent young lady, who had come over from Ireland in 1829, with her parents, and settled in the neighborhood of the Murphys, who had preceded them about eight years. Miss Martin was born at Thomastown, in King's County. She was only seven years of age when her parents came to America, and therefore her husband was acquainted with her from childhood, and knew her many sterling qualities. Two children were born to them in Canada, the eldest being a son, whom they named Martin, from his grandfather, and who died while still in Canada. The other child was a daughter, whom they named Mary, and who afterwards married B. S. Machado, and is now living near Gilroy, in Santa Clara County. In 1842 Mr. Murphy, with his brother Martin, joined the other members of the Murphy family in Holt County, Missouri, on the Platte Pur- chase, as it was then called. The history of this journey will be found in the general history of the Murphy family. During their residence in Missouri, the subject of this sketch visited the lumber regions in the vicinity of St. Joseph, where he was engaged in business for a short time. He accompanied the family in their memorable journey through the wilder- ness to California, and took his full share of the trials and dangers of that historic expedition. After arriv- ing in California, he was one of the first to offer his services in defense of the Government in the Michel- torena war. After the battle of Chauvenga he re- turned to Sutter's and then chose a location for his family in Marin County. Here he engaged in the lumber business and furnished the timbers for Leides- dorff wharf, the first wharf built in San Francisco, then Verba Buena. On the discovery of gold every person who could get there, went to the mines, leaving the fields untilled and the mills idle. Not being able to procure labor, Mr. Murphy's lumber operations came to a halt. Not desiring to remain idle, he determined to go to the gold fields. He visited Sutter's Mill, where gold was first discovered, and from there to Placerville, then called "Hangtown," and visited all the diggings in that vicinity. He came to the conclusion that, for a man who had a family, mining was too precarious a business. Therefore, in the fall of 1848, he came to Santa Clara, and, with his brother Daniel, purchased the Rancho de las Llagas, near Gilroy. He remained here, prospering by agricultural pursuits, until after the survey of the famous five-hundred-acre lots. He purchased a number of these lots, lying north of San Jose, and, having built a house for his family, took possession of his new home in 1849. Here he lived until his death, which occurred January 13, 1878. The "Ringwood Farm," the homestead of James Murphy, is one of the landmarks of Santa Clara County. From the time he took possession of it in 1849, it was carefully and intelligently tilled, and not- withstanding the open-handed liberality of its owner, was very profitable. In 1872 he erected a magnifi- cent mansion at a cost of forty thousand dollars, and surrounded it with beautiful ground^. He planted 56 PEN PIGTUJRES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' one of the first olive orchards in the county, and dem- onstrated that this valuable fruit could be profitably- grown in the Santa Clara Valley. At the time of his death, he had accumulated property valued at about $300,000. His death was much regretted by the en- tire community, which followed him as mourners to his last resting-place. His widow, a bright and intel- ligent lady of seventy-six years, still occupies the homestead, which is managed by the youngest son, Daniel J, a worthy son of a good father. They have had nine children, as follows: Martin, born and died in Canada; Mary F., born in Canada, February 4, 1842; Martin D., born at Sutter's Fort, February 6, 1845 ; Helen E., born at Corte Madera, December 18) 1847, deceased. The other children were born at Ringwood Farm, and are: Wm B., August 21, 1850; Lizzie A, July 8, 1853; Julia A, January 6, 1853; Helen, April 18, i860, died in infancy; Daniel J., April 25, 1861. Bernard Murphy, son of Martin Murphy, Sr., came to Santa Clara County with his father, and lived with him on the ranch near the Twenty-one Mile House, until he married. His wife was Miss Catherine O'Toole, who afterwards married James Dunne. They had one child, Martin J. C. Murphy, a bright young man whose early years gave promise of an illustrious career. He, however, was attacked by disease in the midst of his studies, and died at Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia, in 1872. His father, Bernard, was killed in the fatal explosion of the steamer/^««j/ Lind, in 1853. John M. Murphy, son of Martin Murphy, Sr., soon after settling in this county, with his father, entered the store of Chas. M. Weber, in San Jose. At the discovery of gold, he went to the mines, taking with him a stock of goods. He employed the Indians to prospect and dig for him, and probably has had more gold in his possession than any other miner on the Pacific Coast. He was the first treasurer of Santa Clara County, and was afterwards elected re- corder and then sheriff In later years he was en- gaged in mercantile business, which he followed until faiUng health compelled him to retire. His wife is Virginia F. Reed, daughter of James F. Reed, and one of the ill-fated Donner party. Daniel Murphy settled with his father on the ranch at the Twenty-one Mile House. He, with his brother Bernard, bought other property, and at the time of his death he owned large landed estates in California, Nevada, and Mexico. His rancho in Du- rango comprised some million and a half acres, and included the mountain of magnetic iron made famous by the report of Alex. Von Humboldt. He devoted nearly his entire life to the cattle business, his herds numbering thousands of head. He died October 22, 1882. Ellen Murphy married Chas M. Weber, of San Jose, afterwards of Stockton. James Miller and his wife (Mary Murphy) set- tled in Marin County, where they became prominent citizens. Sketches of the younger generations of the Murphy family will be found in other pages. Moses Schallenberger was born in Stark County, Ohio, November 9, 1826. He was a son of Jacob and Barbara Schallenberger, who were emi- grants from Germany, his father being of Swiss and his mother of German birth. They both died in Stark County, when Moses was but six years of age, and he was taken into the family of Dr. Townsend, who had married his sister. It was with them that he made the famous journey across the plains, as above related. Dr. Townsend was induced to undertake the journey to California by the ill health of his wife. At that time they were living in Buchanan County, Missouri, as was Mr. Montgomery, another of the party. Montgomery was a gunsmith, and, during the winter of 1842-43 made a quantity of guns and pistols, ox shoes, and also fixed up the wagons, and did every- thing in the way of iron-work necessary to furnish a complete outfit for the trip. They had intended to start early in the spring of 1843, but a Mr. Potter, who had an interest in the expedition, dying unex- pectedly, the start was delayed uotij the next year. They spent this time in perfecting their arrangements, among which was the marriage of Mr. Montgomery to a young lady. Miss Armstrong, who was living at Dr. Townsend's. About the first of March they arrived at the rendezvous at Nisnabotna, where they were joined by the Murphy party. To Mr. Schallen- berger we are indebted for the facts concerning this historic journey which we have given above. Of these first wagons that made tracks in California, Mr. Schallenberger has in his possession a wheel, which he guards as a precious relic. Mr. Schallenberger's first employment in California was in the mercantile es- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' 57 tablishment of Larkin and Greene at Monterey, where he remained until the termination of the Mexican War. The firm was largely engaged in furnishing supplies to the United States navy, and Mr. Schallen- berger's duties consisted in procuring these supplies from the country, and superintending their delivery. In July, 1848, furnished with an invoice of goods by the firm, he made a successful venture on his own ac- count in the mines on Yuba River. Later he enga^^ed with James H. Gleason as a partner in trade in Mexi- can goods at Monterey, which he closed in Decem- ber, 1850, when the death of his brother-in-law. Dr. Townsend, necessitated his coming to San Jose to manage his estate. The same fatherly care that he had received from the doctor was, in return, bestowed by him on the doctor's only child, John H. M. Town- send. He was married September 20, 1854, to Miss Fannie Everitt, at the residence of Thomas Selby, in San Francisco. Mrs. Schallenberger is a native of Alabama, born in 1834. Her father, John Everitt, was for six years judge of the Court of Common Pleas at Mobile, and his ability as a lawyer and fairness as a judge, is shown by the fact that no decision of his was ever reversed. Mrs. Schallenberger came to San Francisco in 1852, with her brother-in-law, Mr. S. L. Jones. The young couple set up housekeeping on Dr. Townsend's estate, but a year later they moved to the homestead, on the Coyote River, two miles north of San Jose, where they have lived ever since. The house they first erected was burned in 1870, but was immediately replaced by one more adapted to their prosperous circumstances, and in keeping with the progress of the country. Their present home is large, convenient, and substantial, and is surrounded with beautiful grounds, ornamented with choice shrub- bery and flowers. The house was erected at a cost of $1 3,000. The farm consists of one hundred and fifteen acres of fertile sediment land, devoted to the pro- duction of fruit and vegetables. Mr. Schallenberger was one of the early horticulturists, having planted ten acres to orchard in 1858. They have had five children, viz. : Louise, wife of Thomas Montgomery, San Jose; Margaret E., a teacher in the State Normal School; Lloyd E., in business with his uncle, S. L. Jones, at San Francisco; Fanny, a student at the State Normal School, and Milton R Mr. Schallen- berger is a member of the Santa Clara County Pioneer Society, by which association he is held in the highest regard, both on account of his trials in the early days, and his character as a citizen. 8 Dr. John Townsend. — No historyof the American pioneers of California could well be written without mention of the subject of this sketch. A thoroughly educated physician, a man prominent in every com- munity in which he ever had lived, who, had he so chosen, could have settled anywhere in the old States, and won renown and fortune, — he was, notwithstand- ing, possessed of that spirit of adventure which con- tinuously led him westward in search of new fields to conquer. He was born in Fayette County, Pennsyl- vania, a county unequaled in that State, and perhaps in any other, in the number of men which it pro- duced and sent out to subdue the wildness of the Northwest and of the Pacific Coast. His father, John F. Townsend, was from England, and was one of the pioneers of Fayette County. Dr. Townsend received his first degree in medicine at Lexington Medical College. He successfully and successively practiced in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Missouri, marrying in Stark County, Ohio, in 1832, Miss Eliza- beth Louise Schallenberger, a sister of Moses Schallen- berger, whose history appears in this connection. In the pioneer party of 1844 from Missouri, which did so much in opening to the world this grand valley. Dr. Townsend was one of the master spirits. He was one of the first Alcaldes of San Francisco, and for two years before coming to this county (which he did in 1849) he held the scales of justice so evenly as to cause him to be ever remembered for his judicial in- tegrity. Upon removing to Santa Clara Valley, he established his home in an adobe house, on what is now the Milpitas road, two miles from San Jose. There he commenced the improvement of one hun- dred and ninety-five acres of land, intending to live the life of a quiet agriculturist, avoiding the turmoil of the city, and the cares of a professional life, but the All-ruling Power decreed otherwise, both himself and his wife dying of cholera in 1850. Their pioneer homestead property is now owned by their son and only child, John H. M. Townsend, who was born in San Francisco, November 26, 1848, and in his or- phaned infancy and youth was cared for by his guard- ian and uncle — Moses Schallenberger. He spent the greater part of his school life in attendance upon Santa Clara College, going to England when sixteen years of age. He there studied two years under private tutorship. Later, he was two years a student at Cambridge University. He married Miss Kate M. A. Chisholm at Cambridge, in 1872. They have four children — Eva, Ethel, Arthur, and Maude. Pub- lic-spirited and enterprising, Mr. Town.send is one of 58 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Santa Clara County's representative men. He served in the Assembly of the State of 1883 and 1884, being elected on the Democratic ticket. He has also held local trusts, and has served on the County Board of Supervisors, being elected in 1877. He is actively in- terested in the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural So- ciety, and has served several years as director of that organization. The family residence, shaded and sur- rounded by beautiful grounds, is located near the crossing of the Coyote Creek by the Milpitas road. Those who came to this county in 1845, ^^ ^^^ ^^ can be learned, were Frank Lightston, J. Washburn, William O'Connor, William C. Wilson, John Dau- benbiss, and James Stokes. In the following year, 1846, the survivors of the Donner party arrived, sev- eral of whom became residents of this county. The fearful sufferings of these people make a story of hor- rors almost unparalleled in history. So terrible was their experience that it has been almost impossible to induce the survivors to recount it, the remembrance seeming to haunt their entire lives like a hideous specter. Mr. James F. Reed, the original leader of the party, and afterwards, until his death, a prominent and esteemed citizen of San Jose, in his last years gave his story to the public, and from it we quote : — " I left Springfield with my family about the middle of April, 1846. We arrived at Independence, Mis- souri, where I loaded two of my wagons with pro- visions, a third one being reserved for my family. Col. W. H. Russell's family had started from here before our arrival. We followed and overtook them in the Indian Territory. I made application for the admission of myself and others into the company, which was granted. We traveled on with the company as far as the Little Sandy, and here a separation took place, the majority of the members going to Oregon, and a few wagons, mine with them, going the Fort Bridger, or Salt Lake route for California. The day after our separation from the Russell Company, we elected George Donner as captain, and from this time the company was known as the ' Donner party.' Ar- riving at Fort Bridger I added one yoke of cattle to my teams, staying here four days. Several friends of mine who had passed here with pack-animals for California, had left letters with Mr. Vasquez, Mr. Bridger's partner, directing me to take the route by way of Fort Hall, and by no means to take the Hast- ing's cut-off. Vasquez, being interested in having the new route traveled, kept these letters. This was told me after my arrival in California. Mr. McCutchen, wife and child, joined us here. " Leaving Fort Bridger we unfortunately took the new route, traveling on without incident of note, until we arrived at the head of Weber Canon. A short dis- tance before reaching this place we found a letter stick- ing in the top of a sage-brush. It was from Hastings. He stated that if we would send a messenger after him, he would return and pilot us through a route much shorter and better than the canon. A meeting of the company was held, when it was resolved to send Messrs. McCutchen, Stanton, and myself to Mr. Hastings; also, at the same time, we were to examine the cafion and report at short notice. We overtook Mr. Hastings at a place called Black Rock, south end of Salt Lake. Leaving McCutchen and Stanton here, their horses having failed, I obtained a fresh horse from the company Hastings was piloting and started on my return to our company with Mr. Hast- ings. When we arrived at about the place where Salt Lake City is built, Mr. Hastings, finding the distance greater than anticipated by him, stated that he would be compelled to return the next morning to his company. We camped this evening in a canon, and next morning ascended to the summit of a mountain where we could overlook a portion of the country that lay between us and the head of the canon where the Donner company were encamped. After he gave me the direction, Mr. Hastings and I separated. He returned to the companies he had left the morning previous, I proceeding on eastward. After descending to what may be called the table- land, I took an Indian trail and blazed the route where it was necessary the road should be made, if the company so directed when they heard the report. "When McCutchen, Stanton, and myself got through Weber Canon, on our way to overtake Mr. Hastings, our conclusions were that many of the wagons would be destroyed in attempting to get through the cafion. Mr. Stanton and Mr. McCutchen were to return to our company as fast as their horses could stand it, they having nearly given out. I reached the company in the evening and reported to them the conclusions in regard to Weber Cafion, at the same time stating that the route I had blazed that day was fair, but would take considerable labor in clearing and digging. They agreed with unanimous voice to take that route if I would direct them in the road-making, they work- ing faithfully until it was completed. Next morning we started, under these conditions, and made camp that evening without difficulty, on Bossman Creek. The afternoon of the second day we left the creek, turning to the right in a cafion, leading to a divide. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 59 Here Mr. Graves and family overtook us. This evening the first accident that had occurred was caused by the upsetting of one of my wagons. The next morning the heavy work of cutting the timber com- menced. We remained at this camp several days. During this time the road was cleared for several miles. After leaving this camp the work on the road slackened, and the farther we advanced, the slower the work progressed. I here state that the number of days we were detained in road-making was not the cause, by any means, of the company remaining in the mountains during the following winter. " We progressed on our way and crossed the outlet of the Utah, now called Jordan, a little below the location of Salt Lake City. From this camp in a day's travel we made connection with the trail of the companies that Hastings was piloting through his cut-off. We then followed his road around the lake without any incident worthy of notice until reaching a swampy section of country west of Black Rock, the name we gave it. Here we lost a few days on the score of humanity, one of our company, a Mr. Holloron, being in a dying condition from consumption. We could not make regular drives, owing to his situation. He was under the care of George Donner, and made himself known to me as a Master Masoh. In a few days he died. After the burial of his remains we proceeded on our journey, making our regular drives, nothing occurring of note until we arrived at the springs, where we were to provide water and as much grass as we could for the purpose of crossing the Hastings' Desert, which was represented as being forty or fifty miles in length; but we found it at least seventy miles. " We started to cross the desert, traveling day and night, only stopping to water and feed our teams as long as water and grass lasted. We must have made at least two-thirds of the way across when a greater portion of the cattle showed signs of giving out. Here the company requested me to ride on and find the water and report. Before leaving, I requested my principal teamster, that when my cattle became so exhausted that they could not proceed further with the wagons, to turn them out and drive theni on the road after me until they reached the water; but the teamster, misunderstanding, unyoked them when they first showed signs of giving out, starting with them for the water. I found the water about twenty miles from where I left the company, and started on my return. About eleven o'clock at night, I met my teamsters with all my cattle and horses. I cautioned them particularly to keep the cattle on the road, for as soon as they would scent the water, they would break for it. I proceeded on and reached my family and wagons. Some time after leaving the men, one of the horses gave out, and while they were striving to get it along, the cattle scented water and started for it; and when they started with the horses, the cattle were out of sight; they could not find them or their trail, as they told me afterwards. They, suppos- ing the cattle would find water, went on to camp. The next morning the animals could not be found, and never were, the Indians getting them, except one ox and cow. Losing nine yoke of cattle here was the first of my sad misfortunes. I stayed with my family and wagons the next day, expecting every hour the return of some of my young men with water, and the information of the arrival of the cattle at the water. Owing to the mistake of the teamsters in turning the cattle out so soon, the other wagons had driven miles past mine and dropped their wagons along the road as their cattle gave out, and some few of them reached water with their wagons. " Receiving no information, and the water being nearly exhausted, in the evening I started on foot with my family to reach the water. In the course of the night the children became exhausted. I stopped, spread a blanket, and laid them down, covering them with shawls. In a short time a cold hurricane com- menced blowing; the children soon complained of the cold. Having four dogs with us, I had them lie down with the children outside the covering. They were then kept warm. Mrs. Reed and myself, sitting to the windward, helped to shelter them from the storm. Very soon one of the dogs started up and commenced barking, the others following and making an attack on something approaching us. Very soon I got sight of an animal making directly for us. The dogs seizing it, changed its course, and when passing, I discovered it to be one of my young steers. Incautiously stating that it was mad, in a moment my wife and children started to their feet, scattering like quail, and it was some minutes before I could quiet camp; there was no more complaint of being tired or sleepy during the remainder of the night. We ar- rived about daylight at the wagons of Jacob Donner, the next in advance of me, whose cattle having given out, had been driven to water. Here I first learned of the loss of my cattle, it being the second day after they had started for water. Leaving my family with Mr. Donner, I reached the encampment. Many of the people were out hunting cattle; some of them had 60 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." their teams together and were going back into the desert for their wagons. Among them was Jacob Donner, who l•■ 1,385 C. E. Shore (D) 1,361 fudges of Superior Court — David elden (R) 2,646 Francis E. Spencer (R) 2,364 C. C. Stephens (WM) 1,917 D. W. Herrington (WM) 2,085 Lawrence Archer (D) 1,614 Jno. H. Moore (D) 1,375 County Treasurer — Henry Philip (R) 1,818 N. B. Edwards (WM) , 1,836 Wm. A. January (D) 2,354 County Clerk — J. J. Sontheimer (R) 2,881 Louis Bruch (WM) 2,734 J. G. Kennedy (D) 14 Sheriff- — F. E. WiUiams (R) 2,341 Leon E. Jones (WM) 1,542 N. R. Harris (D) 2,097 District Attorney — W. W. McKaig (R) 2,334 James H. Campbell (WM) 2,373 John T. Malone (D) 1,276 County Recorder — Hamilton W. Stephens (R) 2,417 David Wight (WM) 1,744 James M. Pitman (D) 1,866 County Assessor — Hiram Fairfield (R) 2,402 Alfred Chew (WM) 1,909 Fred Farmer (D) 1,71 1 County Surveyor — W. A. Richards (R) 2,818 John Coombe (WM) 2,333 John Gash (D) 780 Superintendent of Schools — L. J. Chipman (R) 2,866 F. H. Gould (WM) 1,772 H. D. Burnett (D) 1,378 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 117 Coroner — J. T. Harris (R) 2,273 M. S. McMahan (WM) 1,944 A. McMahon (D) 1,798 For Chinese Immigration 36 Against Chinese Immigration 5, 881 Total vote of county 6,045 1880. Members of Assembly — John Reynolds (R) 3,064 Milus H. Gay (R) 3,099 Christian Wentz (R) 3>097 J. A. Moultrie (D) 2,889 L. B. Ingalls (D) 2,724 L. A. Whitehurst (D) 2,842 John Robertson (WM) 114 Robert Summers (WM) 109 Thomas Shannon (WM) 117 Total vote of county 5,936 1882. State Senator — H. M. Leonard (R) 2,826 S. F. Leib (R) 2,859 B. D. Murphy (D) 3,377 C. H. Maddox (D) 3,067 David E. Gish (G) 69 Thomas Shannon (G) 40 Members of Assembly — S. F. Ayer (R) 2,921 J. E. Glendenning (R) 2,875 Howell C. Moore (R) 2,853 Adam Riehl (D) 3,091 A. B. Hunter (D) 3,098 J. H. M. Townsend (D) 3,420 County Treasurer — C. Wentz (R) 2,847 F. M. Pfister(D) 3,263 County Clerk — Clifford J. Owen (R) 2,997 W. H. Owens (D) 3,i45 Sheriff — David Campbell (R) 2,694 B. F. Branham (D) 3,4S8 District Attorney — F. P. Bull (R) 2,836 Jas. H. Campbell (D) 3,296 County Recorder and Auditor — H. W. Stephens (R) 3>ooo Jas. M. Pitman (D) 3,i3i County Assessor — H. Fairfield (R) 2,881 L. A. Spitzer (D) 3.263 County Surveyor — Chas. Herrmann (R) 3,07S John Coombe (D) 3.065 Superintendent of Schools — L. J. Chipman (R) 3,268 E. J. Gillespie (D) 2,895 Coroner and Public Administrator- — J. T. Harris (R) 3,135 A. McMahon (D) 2,991 Total vote of county 6,171 1884. State Senator — James R. Lowe (R) 3,829 A. W. Saxe (R) 3,877 N. T. Biddle (D) 3,266 M. Lennon (D) 3,145 J. D. Canney (Pn) 145 Robt. Summers (G) 213 Members of Assembly— 63d Dist— W. T. Patterson (R) 1,347 B. E.Burns (D) 878 S. D. Wood (P) 7& 64th Dist.— J. W. Cook (R) 1,370 A. F. Sauffrignon (D) 1,363 R. J. Langford (Pn) 37 65thDist.— D. M. Pyle(R) 1,125 Adam Riehl (D) 975 C. W. Pedlar (Pn) 31 fudges of Superior Court — David Belden (R) 4,285 Francis E, Spencer (R) 4.049 J. A. Moultrie (D) 3,037 Luis Argues (D) 3,013 Sheriff— F. E. Williams (R) 2,919 B. F. Branham (D) 4,046 Giles E. McDougall (G) 152 D. D. Briggs (Pn) 1 14 County Clerk — M. J. Ashmore(R) 3,711 J. R. Payne (D) 3,372 E. B. Fowler (Pn) 132 Recorder and Auditor — C. J. Lightston (R) 3.402 J. M. Pitman (D) 3,696 M. A. Stidston (Pn) 134 Treasurer — Rush McComas (R) 3,710 G. E. Graves (D) 3,409 H. B. Land (Pn) 139 District Attorney — Howell C. Moore (R) 3,604 J. H. Campbell (D) 3,597 Coroner and Public Administrator — J. T. Harris (R) 3,652 J. R. Curnow (D) 3,517 118 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Surveyor — Chas. Herrmann (R) 3,778 John Coombe (D) 3,309 N. E. Beckwith CPn) 147 Total vote of county 7,282 1886. State Senator — 3istDist.— A. W. Crandall (R) 1,863 P. B. Tully(D) 1,452 W. E. Ward (Pn) 106 32d Dist.— E. B. Conklin (R) 1,842 J. W. Ryland(D) 1,833 A. L. Kellogg (Pn) 123 Members of Assembly — 63d Dist. — Henry McCleary (D) 1,016 I. A. Wilcox (R) 1,245 Wm. Rice (Pn) 98 64thDist.— Wm. Vinter(D) 1,215 C. M. Weber (R^ 1,553 F. E. Caton (Pn) 66 65thDist.— S. N. Rucker (D) 1,066 George Polhemus (R) 995 C. W. Pedlar (Pn) 74 Sheriff- — B. F. Branham (D) 3,378 Jonathan Sweigert (R) 3,828 F. T. Holland (Pn) 190 County Clerk — C. F. Singletary (D) 3,744 M. J. Ashmore (R) 3,420 J. B. Capp (Pn) 232 Auditor and Recorder — David T. Bryant (D) 3,194 Charles P. Owen (R) 3,987 Chas. A. Tupper (Pn) 249 District A ttorney — J. H. Campbell (D) 3,511 Howell C. Moore (R) 3,660 E. B. Fowler (Pn) 240 Treasurer — John T. Sherman (D) 3,042 Rush McComas (R) 4, 1 27 Geo Follett (Pn) 251 Assessor — L. A. Spitzer (D) 3,727 H. Fairfield (R) 3,485 W. R. Bardwell (Pn) 222 Superintendent of Schools — E. Rousseau (D) 3,136 L. J. Chipman (R) 4,053 S. M. Severance (Pn) 238 Coroner and Public Administrator — A. R. Tomkin (D) 3,85 1 F. K. Saxe(R) 3,335 F. L. Voorhies (Pn) 263 Surveyor — John Coombe (D) 3,380 Chas. Herrmann (R) 3>77o E. E. Gary (Pn) 268 Total vote of county 7,477 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. Following is the vote cast in Santa Clara County, at the different Presidential elections, since its organi- zation : — 1852. Pierce and King 829 Scott and Graham 682 1856. Buchanan and Breckinridge 809 Fremont and Dayton 576 Bell and Everett 673 i860. Douglas and Johnson 881 Lincoln and Hamlin i,477 Breckinridge and Lane 722 1864. Lincoln and Johnson i,930 McClellan and Pendleton 1,202 1868. Grant and Colfax 2,307 Seymour and Blair 2,330 1872. Grant and Wilson 2,219 Greeley and Brown 1,670 1876. Hayes and Wheeler 3, 336 Tilden and Hendricks 3,065 1880. Garfield and Arthur 3,ii6 Hancock and English 2,820 1884. Blaine and Logan 3,839 Cleveland and Hendricks 3,172 THE matter of furnishing easy and convenient means of communication between the different sections of the county, has been made an important question by the county government since its organ- ization. The demand for good roads has been met, almost before it was expressed, and the result of this policy, long continued with a liberal spirit, is seen in the broad, smooth, well-kept highways reaching to every part of the valley, winding among the foot-hills, and extending over the mountains. Wherever pos- sible, these roads are watered during the summer months, thus not only making them comfortable to travel, but preserving the solid bed and smooth sur- face. Experience has taught that this is the best, as well as the most economical, system of keeping the roads in repair. Before the Americans came into possession, there were, practically, no roads. Travel was chiefly per- formed on horseback, and for this a narrow trail was sufficient. Where the ox-carts ran, there were tracks a little wider, but they had no legal existence as roads. There being no fences, and the country being used principally for grazing, there was no necessity for the warning to "keep off the grass," and in going from one point to the other, the route was generally an air line, except where intervening water courses com- pelled the traveler to seek an easy ford or crossing, or where opposing hills required a circuit to be made. Even when wagons first came into use, this system was kept up, and in the winter-time, when the ground was wet and soft, the wagon tracks ran parallel to each other to such an extent that it was a common saying that the road from San Jose to San Francisco was three miles wide! With the Americans, however, came a different system. About the first order made by the county government after its organization, was in reference to public roads. This order is of inter- est, as it establishes the first highways in the county. It was made by the Court of Sessions on the sixth day of J\ily, 1850, and is as follows: — "This ordered by the court, that the following roads be, and they are hereby declared, public highways within and for the county of Santa Clara, to wit: "First — A road commencing at the city of San Jose and running where the present road now runs, by James Murphy's, and from thence to the right of Lucencia Higuera's ranch, through the Mission of San Jose to the county line, where the road crosses the Arroyo Delmaya at Sunol's ranch. "Second — Also a road commencing at the city of San Jose, at First or Monterey Street, and running where the road now runs to San Juan, until it reaches the county line. (This is the present Monterey road.) "Third — Also a road commencing at the city of San Jose, at Santa Clara Street, and running where the present road now runs, to the Mission of Santa Clara, and from thence, by the left hand road, to the Old Indian Village, thence by Busard's to S. Roble's, and from thence where the present road runs to the county line. "Fourth — Also a road commencing at the city of San Jose, at Santa Clara Street, and to run where the present road now runs, to Santa Cruz, through Fer- nandez' ranch, by Jones' mill, to the county line.'' The Jones' mill here referred to is the present town of Los Gatos. The third specification in the order above set forth, refers to the road to San Francisco, S. Roble's ranch being the old town of Mt. View. This road includes the Alameda, famous in song and story. This ave- nue, as we have previously related, was laid out by the Fathers of the mission. The trees were planted by Father Maguin Catala, the work being performed by the Indians under his instruction. There were, originally, three rows of trees, one on each side and one in the center. The ground was moist and full of adobe, which, when wet, made traveling a severe pen- ance. Ditches were made for the purpose of drain- age, but imperfectly accomplished their object. The shade of the trees excluded the sunshine and pre- (119) 120 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." vented evaporation. While during the summer months the Alameda was a most charming drive, for four or five months in the year it was almost impass- able for vehicles. Travelers passing between the town of Santa Clara and San Jose were compelled to seek the side of the road, and often to make a circuit of four or five miles. After dark it was not unusual for people to lose their way and be compelled to pass the night in the open air. To meet this trouble, the county government opened another road to Santa Clara by way of what is now known as Union Avenue, back of the fair grounds. This did not entirely obviate the diiificulties, and in 1862 a franchise was granted to a company called the "Alameda Turnpike Company," granting them the privilege of collecting toll on the Alameda, they to keep the road in good condition for travel. This company erected gates, but, owing to the nature of the soil, could never make a road good in all its parts, at all seasons. Many complaints were made, and finally, in 1868, the county purchased the franchise of the company and declared the road free. The price paid by the county was $17,737.50. In 1870 the re- port went abroad that the road occupied more ground than belonged to it, and that several feet on the south side was government land, and subject to pre- emption. One night a gang of squatters carried lumber out on the road and inclosed strips of land on the south side, and in the morning many of the residents found themselves shut off from the highway. The squatters, however, had nothing but their labor for their pains, as they were compelled to abandon their claims unconditionally. To prevent a recurrence of the dispute, an act of Congress was procured in 1871, granting to the county a right of way for the road, IIS feet wide, and defining its location. Accurate official surveys were made and granite monuments placed so that the exact lines should be always pre- served. The final location was accomplished in 1873. After this date extraordinary efforts were made to keep the road in repair and maintain its beauty. These efforts were measurably successful. One of the great- est obstacles in the way of improvement was the shade cast by the center row of trees, and propositions for their removal were made from time to time, but each proposition was met with a remonstrance from the people, who looked upon the gnarled willows as a link connecting the past with the present, and, al- though many of the trees had died, and others were in advanced stages of decay, they were retained. Finally, in 1887, a proposition was made to construct an electric railroad along the center of the avenue. In view of this improvement, the people consented to part with the trees, and in the same year they were removed. In the meantime a portion of the road has been macadamized, and it will be paved throughout its entire length as rapidly as circumstances will permit. The "Santa Clara Avenue," or "Alum Rock" road, as it is more generally called, is the beautiful avenue from San Jose to the Alum Rock Springs, in the canon of the Penetencia, east of town. The original road was established by order of the Board of Super- visors in June, 1866. There had been a traveled road there previously, but not established by any competent authority. In 1872 an act was passed by the Legislature, authorizing the city of San Jose to survey and improve a road, to be known as the "Santa Clara Avenue," running from the eastern limits of the city to the city reservation in the eastern foot-hills. The act provided for a Board of Commissioners to be appointed by the Governor, who should superin- tend the work of construction of the road, and should select a tract of four hundred acres in the canon, for a public park. To construct and improve the road and park, a tax was provided on all property in the city and all property lying within three-quarters of a mile on each side of the proposed avenue. This tax was to be ten cents on the hundred dollars for the first year and five cents per year on the hundred dol- lars for the next three years, to be levied by the city and county as other taxes were levied and collected. With this money the road was constructed and trees planted. At the end of four years, when the special tax expired, the road was kept up from the road fund of the road districts, in which the avenue was situated, until 1878, when an act was passed by the Legisla- ture, authorizing the Board of Supervisors to pay these expenses from the current expense fund. The " Saratoga Avenue" was created at the same session of the Legislature, and in the same manner as the Santa Clara Avenue, except that the act provided that the road should be a hundred feet wide and that the special tax should be levied and collected by the town trustees of the town of Santa Clara. The com- missioners began work, laid out and opened the road, but some of the outside property owners protested against paying the tax. The objection was that it was an unconstitutional assessment, inasmuch as it was to be levied and collected by officers not elected, who were expected to pay it. The courts decided the objection to be valid, and the road went into the hands of the county government as a public highway, and all PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 121 improvements were paid for from the road fund of the district. Not having a special revenue, it has not been improved as thoroughly as Santa Clara Avenue. In early days there seemed to be an impression that the most practical way to improve the county roads was to grant franchises for toll companies, who were to keep the roads in repair in consideration of the privilege of collecting tolls. The argument used was that the people who used the roads ought to pay the expense of maintaining them. Acting on this propo- sition, many such franchises were granted, some by the Board of Supervisors and some by the Legisla- ture. The toll-gate on the Alameda was the out- growth of this idea. In 1861 the San Jose and Alviso Turnpike Com- pany secured a franchise to erect gates and collect tolls on the road from San Jose to Alviso. In 1863 it was purchased by the county for $5,000 and de- clared a public highway. In 1867 the Saratoga and Pescadero Turnpike received a franchise for a toll- road over the mountains from Saratoga. In 1880 this road was purchased by the county for $5,000, and the name changed to the "Congress Springs" road. The Gilroy and Watsonville road was a toll-road in early days, but was declared a public highway in 1874. The Santa Cruz road from Los Gatos over the mountains was a toll-road,. under a franchise from the State, up to 1878, when it was declared a public high- way by the Board of Supervisors. The company re- sisted the action of the Board and attempted to main- tain its gates. This caused considerable excitement, and threatened serious trouble. The teamsters went in a body and tore the gate down. The company fought the matter in the courts, and the case is now pending on a motion by the company for a new trial. In the meantime the gates are down and the road free. The Pacheco Pass road was formerly a toll-road. This road is over the mountains east of Gilroy. In 1879 it was purchased by the county for $6,000, and declared a public highway. The purchase of the Pacheco Pass road wiped out the last toll-road in Santa Clara County. The most prominent, if not the most important, highway in the county is the Mt. Hamilton road, or Lick Avenue. It has a world-wide fame, for the reason that it leads to the great Lick Observatory, and because it is the best mountain road on the con- tinent. In September, 1875, James Lick addressed the Board of Supervisors, saying that he would locate 16 his observatoiy on Mt." Hamilton if the county would construct a first-class wagon road to the summit; and, if the county had not sui?icient funds on hand to accomplish the woi'k, he would advance the money and take the county's bonds for the same. The proposition was accepted and a preliminary survey was ordered October 4, 1875. The Committee on Survey reported that the construction of the road, in- cluding bridges, would, cost $43,385. Mr. Lick then deposited $25,000 in the Commercial and Savings Bank as a guaranty that he would stand by his propo- sition. There was some little delay caused by the adjust- ment of the route to suit the convenience of property owners, but before the end of the year the preliminary matters had all been arranged. A. T. Herrmann was appointed engineer of the work, and on the eighth day of February, 1876, the contract for construction was let to E. L. Derby, at the following price: — Grading, $6.97 }4 per rod; rocking (where suitable rock is found in the cut), $1.53 per rod, and where suitable rock is not found in the cut, $3-77 per rod; bridge at Smith Creek, $1,797. It will be seen that up to this time the work had gone on with great expedition; but now, the people having had time to talk the matter over, considerable doubt was ex- pressed as to the advisability of the enterprise. It was argued that the county might go to great ex- pense in building the road, and that in the end Mr. Lick might change his mind in regard to the location of the observatory. In that event the county would have a very expensive road that would be of very little practical use. The majority of the Board had no doubt of Mr. Lick's good faith, but in order to satisfy the popular demand, they arranged matters so that Mr. Lick deposited a further sum of $25,000, subject to warrants drawn for the construction of the road, and agreed to take county bonds therefor, paya- ble when the observatory was completed on the mount- ain. When this point was settled, an opposition was developed from another source. Mr. Furlong, as chair- man of the Board, had been directed by the Board to sign the contract with Derby for the construction of the road. This he at first refused to do, but finally com-, plied under protest, filing his written objections thereto. The protest claimed that there was no authority of law for the building of the road in this manner, as the statute required all money levied in any road district to be expended in the district paying the same; that there was no law for compelling the county at large to pay for a road, and that the county had no author- 122 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ity to enter into a contract with Mr. Lick to advance the money. The Board, to satisfy the former objec- tion, passed a resolution that they would asli the Legislature to pass an act authorizing the county to issue bonds to the amount of $120,000, of which $50,000 should be applied to the indebtedness of the several road districts of the county, and the balance used to pay the warrants drawn for the construction of the proposed road. Thus this diiificulty was dis- posed of There were innumerable minor obstacles to contend with which caused much trouble and vexa- tion to the promoters of the enterprise, but they were finally disposed of Up to May 22, 1876, the sum of $45, 1 1 5.34 had been paid on Derby's contract. In the meantime there was great dissatisfaction with Derby's operations, and he had been compelled to assign his contract to his bondsmen, who established a trust for their protection, drawing the money on the contract and paying the contractor's verified bills. This dis- satisfaction caused the Board to appoint a committee to investigate the work. The report of the commit- tee showed grave misconduct by the contractor in the prosecution of the work. They found that the con- tractor had drawn $47,687, while the work he had done entitled him to only $42,687; that to complete the road according to specifications would require an expenditure of $16,819 more. The Board was importuned to pay Derby's debts, contracted for work and material used on the road. The contractor and his bondsmen contended that the work done by Derby had cost about $65,000 and that there was some $11,000 to $13,000 of claims out- standing against him. All propositions to relieve Derby's bondsmen or to pay his debts were rejected by the Board. The last effort made by Derby in this direction was a communication stating that the cost of the road to that date was $64,371, and that he had received $44,000; that if the county would pay $18,000 more he would make the road passable, or that he would finish the road according to specifications for $26,500. This proposition was also rejected. On the fourteenth day of July, the engineer estimated the work done by Derby, at contract prices, at $52,- 184, including Smith Creek bridge. In September they declared his contract forfeited. The Board au- thorized its committee (October 5, 1876) to go on and complete the road. This the committee di(;l, em- ploying Messrs. Drinkwater and Swall as superin- tendents. January 9, 1877, the Lick Board of Trus- tees and the supervisors made an official inspection of the road, the trustees officially declaring that the work had been done in a satisfactory manner, and that the road met all the requirements made by Mr. Lick. This inspection was a general holiday through- out the county, there being about five thousand vis- itors to the mountain on that day. January 13 the road was declared to be fully completed, the total cost being $73,458.81. Of this amount, $27,339.87 was in outstanding warrants against the general road fund. An act was passed in the Legislature of 1878, authorizing the Board to issue bonds to pay these warrants and accrued interest, the bonds to bear no interest, and to be payable when the observatory was practically complete. This brief sketch of the work on this famous road gives but an imperfect idea of the thousand obstacles that were thrust in the path of the enterprise. There were a number of people in the community who could see no advantage in the improvement, and were con- stantly raising objections, and trying to thwart the work. The Board of Supervisors were by no means unanimous on the subject, and it required a great deal of diplomacy to secure the passage of the proper orders at the proper time. Probably the most ear- nest and untiring friend of the road was Supervisor J. M. Battee, chairman of the road committee. To his devotion to the cause is due, more than to any other one man, the successful termination of the great work that has attracted the attention of the scientific world to the summit of Mount Hamilton. The gentlemen composing the Board of Supervisors during the tirne the Mount Hamilton road was in course of construc- tion were: — 1875, W. N. Furlong, chairman; J. M. Battee, J. W. Boulware, A. Chew, Abram King, H.M.Leonard, Wm. Paul. 1 876, H. M. Leonard, chairman ; S. F. Ayer, J. M. Battee, A. Chew, W. N. Furlong, Abram King, W. H. Rogers. 1877-78, same as in 1876, with the ex- ception that J. M. Battee was chairman. As the county has developed its horticultural re- sources, and it has been ascertained that a very few acres of land is ample for the maintenance of a fam- ily, many of the ranches have been divided into small tracts, creating a demand for more roads. This de- mand has been met as promptly as possible by the Board of Supervisors, until, at the present time, there are four hundred and ninety-four public highways, laid out, improved, and named, exclusive of streets in incorporated cities and towns and roads in their sub- urbs. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1888 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 123 there was expended for road purposes, by the super- visors, $76,516.45. The expenses were distributed as follows: — Labor $59,368 60 Lumber 6, 106 22 Materials 3,790 23 Bridge work 2,373 40 Repairing tools 1,433 '5 Land 2,699 25 Surveying 1,495 00 Gravel and rock 336 95 Implements 276 55 Sprinkling 7,637 lo RAILROADS. Under Mexican rule, the transportation of passen- gers was almost exclusively on horseback. Women and children would occasionally take passage for short distances in the rude carts of that time, but jour- neys generally, whether long or short, were performed in the saddle; as the foreigners came in, they adopted the same custom, for the reason that there was no other means of conveyance. When affairs became settled after the Mexican War, and the country began to be settled up with immigrants from the States, other methods of transportation for passengers and freight were looked for. Boats were secured to ply between San Francisco and Alviso, and connection with them was made from San Jose by such wagons as could be procured. The cost for passengers for this trip was thirty-five dollars. In April, of 1850, Messrs. Ackley and Morrison put on a line of stages to run through to San Fran- cisco, and in the same spring, John W. Whisman put on a line to run to San Jose. Trips were made tri- weekly by each line, thus giving a daily stage each way. The fare was thirty-two dollars, and the sched- ule time was nine hours. In September of that year. Hall & Crandall purchased Whisman's route. The roads became so bad in the winter that the stages were withdrawn, and travel to San Francisco went by way of Alviso. Two steamboats, the Wm. Robinson and New Star, furnished the water transportation. This was a great improvement over the old mustang route, but was not yet satisfactory to the people of the pueblo. Early in January, 185 1, a meeting was called for the purpose of taking steps towards building a railroad to San Francisco. The meeting was largely attended, and very enthusiastic. At this time the road to Santa Clara along the Alameda was impassable, and to reach that town from San Jose necessitated a cir- cuit of about six miles, while passengers to San Fran- cisco were compelled to work their passage for about half the distance. Under these circumstances it is not surprising that the meeting should unanimously declare in favor of a railroad. Resolutions to this effect were adopted, and books opened for subscrip- tions to the capital stock. Some subscriptions were made, and W. J. Lewis was appointed to make the survey and estimate of the cost of the road. The survey was completed in December, and the estimate presented as follows: For construction of the road, $1,385,726.17; for buildings and fixtures, $49,000; rolling stock, etc., $104,400; total to put the road into operation, $1,539,126.17. These figures seem to have had a very depressing effect on the railroad enthusi- asm of the people, for we hear no more of the matter for several years. In July of this year the stage fare to San Francisco was reduced to ten dollars, and to Monterey, to twen- ty-five dollars. In March, 1852, Messrs. Reed and Kendall organized an express to run between San Jose and San Francisco by way of Alviso. On the eleventh of April, 1853, the boiler of the Jenny Lind, a steamer on the Alviso route, exploded with dis- astrous effect. She had left Alviso with one hundred and fifty passengers, among them many prominent citizens of San Jose. When about opposite what is now Redwood City, the explosion occurred, killing many and wounding others. Among those killed were J. D. Hoppe, Charles White, and Bernard Mur- phy. This accident spread a gloom over the com- munity. A public meeting was called and resolutions expressing sympathy with the afflicted were adopted. In October of this year the first telegraph line was built connecting San Jose with San Francisco. It was a great mystery to the native population, some of whom thought the Americans had all turned Cath- olics and were erecting innumerable crosses as a tes- timony of their faith. It was cause of great rejoicing among the people. The establishment of telegraphic communication revived the desire for a railroad, and much talk was indulged in. No effective steps were taken, however, except an ordinance passed by the common council, granting St. James Park for depot grounds. The cost of building the road and the small amount of freight in sight did not promise very favorably as an investment for capital, and the enterprise again slumbered for a number of years. In 1856 an omnibus line was established between San Jose and Santa Clara by Crandall Brothers, and in 1857 ^ weekly express to Sonora was put on by Wm. H. Hoy. The growth of business in San Jose and the devel- 124 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." opment of the surrounding country brought the rail- road question again to the front in 1859. There had been a large increase in wealth and population and this time the people determined that something should be accomplished. A meeting was held in February to discuss the question of building a short line of railroad to Alviso to connect with fast boats to Alviso. Estimates were presented showing that it would cost $10,000 per mile, or between $150,000 and $200,000 to put the line in running condition. Books were opened and subscriptions solicited, but before enough money could be secured to warrant the commencement of the work, another proposition was made that caused a suspension of the effort in this direction. A company had been organized in San Francisco to build a railroad to San Jose by way of San Mateo and Redwood City. This company wanted Santa Clara County to take $200,000 worth of the stock of the enterprise. It was found impossible to raise thi's amount by individual subscription, and in 1861 an act was secured by the Legislature authorizing the county, through its Board of Supervisors, to subscribe for this amount of stock, provided that the people, at a regularly called election, should indorse the meas- ure. An election was held with the following result: In favor of subscribing for the stock, 1,497 votes; against the proposition, 725 votes; majority for tak- ing the stock, 722. No time was lost, and the Board of Supervisors on the twenty-fifth of May made the subscription and ordered bonds issued for the pay- ment of the same. These bonds bore interest at the rate of seven per cent per annum, and were payable in fifteen years. The work of building the road commenced immediately, and on the sixteenth day of January, 1864, the road was completed and form- ally opened with a grand excursion to San Jose. There was great rejoicing when the first train arrived. Flags were hoisted and everybody took a holiday. The county had a railroad, but it also had an in- debtedness of $200,000, on which it was paying a large interest. The question was soon mooted as to whether it would not be policy to sell the railroad stock owned by the county and apply the proceeds toward extinguishing this debt. As the stock was paying no dividends, an affirmative conclusion was soon reached. The Legislature was appealed to, and in April, 1864, an act was passed authorizing the county to sell the stock owned by it in the "San Francisco & San Jose Railroad," and to apply the proceeds to the redemption of county bonds. In November, 1864, B. G. Lathrop offered to buy the stock and pay $200,000 in currency. This would be equiv- alent to about $170,000 in gold. The proposal was accepted, but Lathrop neglected to make his offer good, and the transaction was canceled. In Febru- ary, 1865, Messrs. C. B. Polhemus, Peter Donahue, and H. M. Newhall, offered to buy the stock for $200,- 000, either in currency or in the bonds of the county, which had been issued to pay for the stock when it was subscribed by the county. On March 4 an agreement was made with these parties as follows: the purchasers were to pay the sum of $200,000, either in currency or county bonds, as above stated, payment to be made in eighteen months from April 4, 1865; the purchasers in the meantime were to have the right to represent and vote the stock at any meeting of the stockholders, and after the expiration of eight months were to pay to the county treasurer all interest that might accrue on the county bonds above referred to. Having the default of Mr. Lathrop in mind, the Board of Supervisors exacted from the purchasers a bond for the fulfillment of their contract Notwithstanding this bond, the purchasers neglected to comply with the contract until the Board lost pa- tience, and in 1867 directed suit to be brought. This brought the purchasers to the front with propositions for a compromise, and the suit was discontinued pending these negotiations. This lasted for two years more, when, there being no prospect of an amicable settlement, suit was again instituted in 1869. In this interval Mr. Polhemus had disposed of his interest in the Railroad Company, and had been suc- ceeded by Mr. Mayne. The purchasers then made another proposition, to the effect that they would pay for the stock $100,000 in money and would build a line of railroad from San Jose to Gilroy. This prop- osition was accepted, and its terms complied with. In 1869 the railroad was extended to Gilroy. In 1863 the Western Pacific Railroad Company was constructing that portion of the transcontinental railroad between Sacramento and Oakland, and of- fered, if the county would subscribe $150,000 to its capital stock, to construct a branch from Niles to San Jose, thus placing this city on the through overland line. On the fourteenth of April, 1863, an act was passed authorizing the county to make this subscrip- tion, and the election held for this purpose resulted as follows: — For subscribing to the stock, 1,011 votes; against, 479 votes; majority, 532 votes. With this authoriza- tion the Board subscribed for $150,000 of the stock, PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 125 and directed the issue of seven per cent bonds payable in twenty years, in payment thereof. These bonds were issued as follows: — March 27, 1865, $45,000; August 19, 1865, $60,000; October 23, 1865, $45,000. In September, 1869, this road was completed, but it never met the expecta- tions of the people. It gave two routes to San Fran- cisco instead of one, but as there was no competition between them, it had no effect in reducing the rates of fare or freight. The stock paid no dividends, but in the manipulation of the road it became necessary that it should be got out of the hands of the county. Ac- cordingly, in 1 87 1 a movement was made for its purchase. Under the act of 1864, the supervisors had authority to sell, but they thought best to submit the matter to a vote of the people before acting. Ac- cordingly, a special election was held with the follow- ing result: — For seUing the stock, 2,001 votes; against, 2,368 votes; majority against, 367. Notwithstanding this result, the Board, at its session in October, 1871, re- solved that it was for the best interests of the county that the stock should be sold, and appointed agents to negotiate the sale, the agents to receive a com- mission of ten per cent on the amount received for the sale. In February, 1872, a sale was consummated, David Colton being the purchaser, for $120,000. The claim of the agents was compromised for $9,000, leav- ing a net loss to the county of $39,000. These two railroads are now part of the Northern Division of the Southern Pacific Company. As the country to the north of San Jose began to develop fruit culture, especially strawberries, black- berries, etc., necessity was found for a more con- venient and rapid means of transportation to San Francisco. The two railroads already constructed just skirted the border of this fruit district, and ship- pers were compelled to haul their fruit to San Jose, Santa Clara, or Milpitas to get it on the cars; arrived in San Francisco, it had to be hauled on trucks for a long distance from depot to market, and this, besides the delay, bruised and injured the fruit, to the great loss of the producer. In addition to these inconven- iences, the railroad company could not see the ne- cessity of adopting a time schedule Jo accommodate this traffic. This caused the question of a narrow- gauge railroad to connect with fast boats at Alviso to be revived. In 1870 a meeting was held and sub- scription books opened. Strenuous efforts were made to get the stock taken. Chief among the promoters of the scheme were John G. Bray, then president of the Bank of San Jose, S. A. Bishop, and Cary Peebels. Pending the floating of the stock, a fast boat was put on the line between Alviso and San Francisco, and the fruit-growers hauled to the Alviso wharf instead of shipping by rail. The narrow-gauge proposition made but little progress for several years, when a company was formed called the "Santa Clara Valley Railroad Company," but it accomplished nothing ex- cept to establish an office in San Jose and procure a few conditional rights of way. Finally, in 1876, a new company was formed, under the name of the "South Pacific Coast Railroad Company," with A. E. Davis as its president. This company asked no favors. It had money to buy everything it needed, including the right of way. It built the road, and in April, 1878, the first train came into San Jose, and in May the road was opened for business. They immediately proceeded to extend the line south to Santa Cruz, and completed it after much time and labor spent in tun- neling the mountains. The road did a prosperous business from the first. In 1887 it sold out to a syn- dicate of stockholders of the Southern Pacific, and changed the name to the "South Pacific Coast Rail- way." In 1886 a branch was constructed to the Almaden mines, leaving the main line at Campbell. In the same year the Southern Pacific built a line to the same point, connecting with the trunk line at Hillsdale. In 1885 a railroad was projected from Murphy's, on the Southern Pacific Road, near Mountain View, to Saratoga. Several miles of this road were constructed, but, there not being money enough under control of the projectors, the enterprise was abandoned. .^^^^^^?^ ON MOUNT Hamilton ^'"^^^^^ THE history of the great observatory on Mt. Hamil- ton, containing the largest telescope in the world, and the biography of its founder must necessarily be both interesting and important. James Lick was of a quiet, uncommunicative disposition, and left but little from which to write his life history. The prominence which he achieved by his princely gift to science has caused people from all sections of the country to re- call incidents of his life, and these fragments have been gathered together and woven into a connected narra- tive by the San Jose Mercury, from which we compile the following: — James Lick was born at Fredericksburg, Pennsyl- vania, August 25, 1796. His ancestors were of Ger- man extraction and spelled the family name "Liik." His grandfather had come to America early in the century and had served in the army of Washington during the War of the Revolution. Nothing is known of the life of James Lick, until at the age of twenty- one years he entered himself as an apprentice to an organ-maker at Hanover, Pennsylvania. He worked here for a short time, and in 18 19 took a position in the employ of Joseph Hiskey, a prominent piano manufacturer of Baltimore, Maryland. An incident of his experience here has been recalled. One day a penniless youth, named Conrad Meyer, applied at the factory for employment. He attracted the fancy of young Lick, who took the stranger in charge, provided him with food and proper clothing, and secured him a place in the establishment. The friendship thus formed lasted through life. The pref- erence of James Lick for the youth was justified by his later life. In 1854 the pianos of Conrad Meyer took the first prize in the London International Ex- hibition, their maker possessing an immense manufac- tory in Philadelphia and ranking as one of the most eminent piano-makers in the United States. In 1820 James Lick left the employment of Joseph Hiskey and went to New York, expecting to start in business on his own account. This venture was re- (126) rT^ stricted by his want of capital, and, if attempted at all, was brief, for in the following year he left the United States for Buenos Ayres, South America, with the intention of devoting himself there to his trade. He found the Buenos Ayreans of that period a singu- larly handsome and refined race of almost purely Spanish extraction, and attaining, by their mode of life in the fine climate of that region, a remarkable physical and social development. By careful atten- tion to business he prospered among them, accumu- lating a considerable competence during his first ten years of South American experience. "In 1832," writes his friend Conrad Meyer, in the Philadelphia Bulletin, " I was in business on my own account on Fifth Street near Prune, Philadelphia, when I was suddenly surprised one day at seeing James Lick walk in. He had just arrived from South Amer- ica, and had brought with him hides and nutria skins to the amount of $40,000, which he was then dis- posing of Nutria skins are obtained from a species of otter found along the River La Plata. He stated that he intended settlin-^ in Philadelphia, and to this end he some days later rented a house on Eighth Street, near Arch, with the intention of manufact- uring pianos, paying $400 as rental for one year in advance. In a few days he left for New York and Boston, and, writing me from the latter city, an- nounced that he had given up the idea of remaining permanently in Philadelphia, and requested that I should call on the house agent and make the best set- tlement I could with him. I did so, and receiving from him $300 out of the $400, I returned the key." The sudden change of purpose which led James Lick to abandon his design of remaining in Philadelphia and return to South America seems to indicate a whimsical temper. It may be, however, that during his ten years' stay in Buenos Ayres he cherished, as many men do, an ideal of his youth, and dreamed out a business career in his native land which, when he returned to it, he saw to be impracticable. He went PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 127 back to Buenos Ayres, filled certain piano orders he had taken, settled his affairs there, and sailed for Val- paraiso, Chili, where for four years he followed his vocation. Occasionally his friend, Conrad Meyer, heard from him, the correspondence being limited to orders for pianos to be shipped to him, with drafts for their payment; but outside of these indications that Mr. Lick was engaged in trade, little is known of his life in Valparaiso or the business ventures he en- gaged in outside of his trade. At the end of four years he quitted Valparaiso, and went to Callao, Peru. He lived in Peru for eleven years, occupying himself in manufacturing pianos, with occasional investments in commercial enterprises. That he was successful is shown by the statement, made by himself, that in 1845 he was worth $59,000. At tjiis time he began to think seriously of coming to California. His friend, Mr. Foster, of the house of Alsop & Co., of Lima, urged him to remain in Peru. He told Lick that the United States would not acquire California; that the inhabitants were a set of cut-throats who would mur- der him for his money, and that it would be folly for him to abandon a lucrative business to go to a new country that had so bad a reputation. To all these arguments Mr. Lick replied that he knew the charac- ter of the American Government; that it was not of a nature to let go of a country it had once acquired, and as for being assassinated, he had confidence in his own ability to protect himself He determined to go, but before he could go he had to fill orders for several pianos he had contracted for. This would not have been a difficult matter had it not been for the fact that, at this juncture, all his workmen left him to go to Mexico. As he could not replace them, he went to work himself, and after two years of hard labor finished the last of the pianos. He determined that there should be no further delay in his departure. His stock, which his inventory showed him was worth $59,000, he sacrificed for $30,000. This money, which was in Spanish doubloons, he secured in a large iron safe, which he brought with him to California. Among the odd articles which James Lick brought to California from Peru was the work-bench which he had there used in his trade. It was not an elab- orate affair, and the object of its deportation to this land of timber hardly appears, unless Mr. Lick had acquired an affection for this companion of his daily labors. He retained this bench through all his California experience, and it now stands in the hall of the Lick Observatory at Mt. Hamilton. Mr. Lick arrived in San Francisco late in 1847. At that time there was little to indicate the future pros- perity of the metropolis of the Pacific Coast. Cali- fornia Street was its southern boundary, while San- some Street was on the water front. Sand dunes stretched out to the southern and western horizon, with occE^ionally a rough shanty to break the mo- notony of the landscape. Mr. Lick quietly invested his money in these sand hills, paying dollars for lots that were not considered, by the inhabitants, as worth cents. He came to Santa Clara County and pur- chased the property north of San Jose, on the Guad- aloupe, which afterwards became famous as the Lick Mills property. He also bought the tract of land just inside the present southern city limits, and which was afterwards known as the Lick Homestead. All these lands were vacant and unimproved; at this time the agricultural lands were not considered of any value. Even as prominent and intelligent a man as John B. Weller said he "would not give six bits for all the agricultural lands in California." It is a ques- tion with some people as to whether these purchases by Mr. Lick were the result of luck or foresight. Although considered eccentric, Mr. Lick's business sagacity has never been doubted, and it is fair to sup- pose that he foresaw the commercial importance of San Francisco, and the future agricultural importance of the fields of the Santa Clara Valley. During seven years after his arrival Mr. Lick en- gaged in no particular business other than to invest his Spanish doubloons as above stated. The first improve- ment of his property made by Mr. Lick was done upon that portion of his Santa Clara County lands known as the "Lick Mill Tract." An old flour mill had stood upon the property when he purchased it in 1852, and this fact may have moved his mind toward the erec tion at that point of his own mill. In 1853 he began to lay the plans and gather the material he intended to employ in its construction. In 1855 work was be- gun, and to those who saw the structure rise, it was the wonder of the time. The wood of which its in- terior finish was composed, was of the finest mahog- any, finished and inlaid in the most solid, elegant, and expensive style. The machinery imported for its works was also of a quality never before sent to the Pacific Coast. The entire cost of the mill was esti- mated by Mr. Lick himself, at $200,000. It became known by the name of the "Mahogany Mill," or perhaps more commonly as "Lick's Folly." When put in operation it turned out the finest brand of flour on the Pacific Coast. It will always be a mat- ter of doubt whether this mill was erected by Mr. 128 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' Lick as a whim of his eccentric nature or as a protest against the flimsy, cheap, and temporary style of building then common to the new State. There is a romantic legend preserved in the mem- ory of the old acquaintances of Mr. Lick which goes to explain the origin of the famous mill. The tale runs that when Lick was a boy he was apprenticed to a miller who, besides the possession of a competency and a flourishing business, had also an exceedingly pretty daughter. Strange as the assertion may seem to those who were acquainted only with the unlovely old age of this strange character, James Lick was a comely young man, and upon him the miller's daugh- ter cast approving eyes. Lick met her more than half- way, and a warm attachment sprang up between the apprentice and the heiress. The ancient miller, how- ever, soon saw the drift of matters, and interposed his parental authority to break the peaceful current of true love. Young Lick declared that he loved the girl and wished to marry her, with her father's con- sent. Thereupon Hans became indignant, and, point- ing to his mill, exclaimed: "Out, you beggar ! Dare you cast your eyes upon my daughter, who will in- herit my riches? Have you a mill like this? Have you a single penny in your purse ?" To this tirade Lick replied that he had nothing as yet, but one day he would have a mill beside which this one would be a pig-sty ! Lick at once departed, and at length drifted to Cal- ifornia, seeking the fortune which in one minute he had determined to possess, and which determination never afterward for a moment left him. Nor did he forget his last words to the miller. When he was a rich man he built this mill, and when it was finished there had been nothing left undone which could have added to the perfection of its appointments. Its ma- chinery was perfect, and its walls and floors and ceil- ings of polished, costly woods. Not being able to bring the miller to view the realization of his boyish declaration. Lick caused the mill to be photographed within and without, and, although his old sweetheart had long since been married, he sent her father the pictures and recalled to him the day he boasted of his mill. Although the Mahogany Mill gratified Mr. Lick's pride in its construction and in the brand of its product, and although it may have satisfied the ancient grudge against the traditional miller, it was not a financial success. The periodical floods of the Guadaloupe River inundated the lands about it, destroyed his or- chards and roads, and interfered with the operation of the mill. In the year 1873 he surprised everybody with the gift of the whole property to the Thomas Paine Memorial Association of Boston. For some years he had been a close student and great admirer of the writings of Paine, and he took this means of proving the faith that was in him. On January 16, 1873, he made a formal transfer of the property to certain named trustees of the association, imposing upon these the trust to sell the same and donate one- half of the proceeds to the building of a memorial hall in Boston, and so invest the other half that a lecture course could be maintained out of its increase. The association sent an agent out to California to look over the acquisition, with power to deal with it. Without consulting Mr. Lick, he sold the property for about $18,000, and returned home, at which proceeding the donor was so completely disgusted that he lost all his past interest in the advancement of the theories of Thomas Paine ! The next scheme of improvement to which Mr. Lick turned his attention after the completion of his mill was the erection of the Lick Hotel in San Fran- cisco. He had bought the property upon which it stands for an ounce of gold-dust, soon after his arrival in California, and until 1861 it had lain idle and un- improved. The lot originally extended the entire length of the block, on Montgomery Street, from Sutter to Post, and the hotel would have covered this space had not Mr. Lick sold the Post Street corner to the Masonic order. The story goes that Alexander G. Abell, on behalf of the Masons, approached Mr. Lick with an offer to buy the property. The owner, in accordance with his seldom violated custom, refused to part with the property, until Mr. Abell frankly ex- plained that the Masons had been all over the city looking for a site and could find none that answered their requirements like this, when Mr. Lick gave way and sold them the corner. The hotel is a familiar object to all who visit San Francisco. At the time of its construction it was the finest hostelry on the Pacific Coast, and it still ranks well up among first- class family hotels. Its internal finish was, in the main, designed by Mr. Lick himself, who took a special pride in the selection of fine materials and in the"ir combination in artistic and effective forms. The dining-room floor of the hotel is a marvel of beauti- ful wood-work, made out of many thousand pieces of different wood, and all polished like a table. It was probably the early devotion of Mr. Lick to the trade of a piano-maker which caused him to take this keen delight in the use of fine woods, which manifested PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 129 itself both in his Mahogany Mill and in the Lick Hotel. That part of the life history of James Lick which lies between the years 1861 and 1873 is full of inter- est to those who would form a correct estimate of the man. The course of affairs had amply justified his early judgment of the future values of California real estate. His sand-hill lots, bought for a song in 1848, grew to be golden islands of wealth amid the rising rivers of metropolitan trade. The investments made in Santa Clara County lands all proved profitable and yielded rich returns. By the very bull-dog tenac- ity with which he hung to his acquisitions, he became, during the '6o's,' one of the wealthiest men on the Pacific Coast. His reputation, too, was State- wide, made so not only by his wealth, but by the rumor of his eccentricities. He had already passed the age of sixty years, when most men begin to "glide into the lean and slippered pantaloon." He even attained and overstepped the prophetic boundary of three-score years and ten. Yet he still maintained the positive, energetic, self-possessed individuality of his earlier years. It is very probable that the advancing age of James Lick acted upon his nature in developing into active eccentricities the natural peculiarities of his disposi- tion. Most of the pioneers who remember him during the first decade of his California career, describe him as a close, careful, self-contained man, cold and some- times crabbed of disposition, going his own lonely way in business and in life. Those who knew him between '61 and '73 intensify these characteristics and declare him to have been miserly, irascible, selfish, solitary, who cherished little affection for his race or kin, and whose chief delight appeared to lie in the indulgence of the whims of a thorny and unfragrant old age. It is probable that this later estimate of Mr. Lick presents his character with too much of shadow, and that, as our narrative develops, and combines the incidents and traditions of this period of his life, and lays them alongside the grand conceptions of his closing years, his real self will be revealed in outlines less repulsive and more consistent with the achieve- ments of his completed career. In fact, from these few men who held the confidence and shared in all the plans of Mr. Lick, has ever gone out the denial that he was miserly or selfish or forgetful of his duties to mankind, and the claim that beneath the ice of his outward nature flowed the warm currents of a philan- thropic heart. The traditions of Mr. Lick's eccentric career during these years are numerous and amusing. Most of his 17 time after the completion of his hotel was spent in Santa Clara County. He lived upon his Lick Mill property and gave a great deal of attention to its im- provement. Upon it he began early to set out trees of various kinds, both for fruit and ornament. He held some curious theories of tree-planting and be- lieved in the efficiency of a bone deposit about the roots of every young tree. Many are the stories told- by old residents of James Lick going along the high- way in an old rattle-trap, rope-tied wagon, with a bear-skin robe for a seat cushion, and stopping every now and then to gather in the bones of some dead beast. People used to think him crazy until they saw him among his beloved trees, planting some new and rare variety, and carefully mingling about its young roots the finest of loams with the bones he had gathered during his lonely rides. There is a story extant, and probably well founded', which illustrates the odd means he employed to secure hired help at once trustworthy and obedient. One day while he was planting his orchard a man applied to him for work. Mr. Lick directed him to take the trees he indicated to a certain part of the grounds and there to plant them with the tops in the earth and the roots in the air. The man obeyed the directions to the letter, and reported in the evening for further orders. - Mr. Lick went out, viewed his work with apparent satisfaction, and then ordered him to plant the tree the proper way and thereafter to continue in his em- ploy ! Another story similar to this is handed down and is entirely authentic. Mr. Lick was at one time the owner of what is now the Knox Block corner, in San Jose. A fire having destroyed its buildings, much debris of burned brick remained scattered over the lot. One day, while Mr. Lick was walking about viewing his property, a young stranger applied to him for work, and was instructed to collect a certain quan- tity of these brick and pile them neatly in a corner. This he did and reported, when he was told to take the same brick and pile them neatly in another corner Without a word he executed the singular order, and was at once employed and long retained by the eccen- tric man, who had thus put his obedience to the test. Mr. Lick was as fond of flowers as of trees, and took great pains in the cultivation of rare and beautiful plants. He was very susceptible to praise of his garden, and equally sensitive to its criticism. One day a party of ladies visited his Mahogany Mill, and were invited to view his flowers. They were profuse in their compliments, and he was all-courteous until one 130 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." of the party remarked that she had lately seen in San Francisco much finer specimens of some of his plants. His demeanor changed at once, and telling the com- pany he had yet another flower garden to show them, he led them by a tortuous trail out into the midst of a field of blossoming mustard, which grew like a rank forest upon part of his property, and then slipped away and left them to criticise his "other garden," and extricate themselves as best they could. After Mr. Lick had, with almost infinite exertion, improved his mill property, he found the invest- ment an unsatisfactory and unprofitable one. The annual floods of the Guadaloupe invaded his orchard, destroyed his garden, and covered his land with a de- posit of sediment and debris. And so he resolved at last to transfer his care to the tract of land lying just south of San Jose, and now known as the Lick Home- stead Addition. Presently the people of Santa Clara County witnessed a strange spectacle. Day after day long trains of carts and wagons passed slowly through San Jose, carrying tall trees and full-grown shrubbery, from the old to the new location. Winter and sum- mer alike the work went on, the old man superintend- ing it all in his rattle-trap wagon and bear-skin robe. His plans for this new improvement were made re- gardless of expense. Tradition tells that he had im- ported from Au--tralia rare trees, and, in order to insure their growth, had brought with them whole ship-loads of their native earth. He conceived the idea of building conservatories superior to any on the Pacific Coast, and for that purpose had imported from England the materials for two large conservatories after the model of those in the Kew Gardens in London. His death occurred before he could have these constructed, and they remained on the hands of his trustees until a body of San Francisco gentlemen contributed funds for their purchase and donation to the use of the public in Golden Gate Park, where they now stand as the wonder and delight of all who visit that beautiful resort. It was in the year 1873, when James Lick was seventy-seven years old, that he began to make those donations, of the then vast estate he possessed, which culminated in his famous deeds of trust. How long he had given to secret thought upon the subject no one can tell, but that his gifts were the outcome of mature deliberation, seems beyond a doubt. For years preceding his bequests he had been a wide reader upon many subjects. He held a peculiar belief, or rather want of belief, regarding the future existence, and deemed an earthly immortality of remembrance all that there was of eternal life. He studied every- thing written about Thomas Paine, and made his works the text of his own opinions. It is related that, while he was engaged in the improvement of the Lick Homestead property, he became involved in an argu- ment one day with Adolph Pfister over some religious subject, when the latter suggested that he put to practical proof the merits of Paineism as contrasted with other moral agencies, by the erection of a grand college on his property for the education of young men in his favorite doctrine, and for their equipment as teachers and missionaries of Paine. The old man appeared attracted with the idea, and gave it consid- erable thoiight, and it is not improbable that it found form in his gift of the Lick Mill property to the Paine Memorial Association of Boston, which was the first in time of his donations. It was, as we have already noted, on January 16, 1873, that Mr. Lick made his donation of the Lick Mill property to the Thomas Paine Association. On February 15, 1873, he executed two other gift deeds, one to the California Academy of Science, and the other to the Society of California Pioneers. To the former he granted a lot of forty feet frontage on Market Street near Fourth, San Francisco, and to the latter society a lot of like dimensions on Fourth Street near Market. These gifts he clogged with certain conditions as to the kind of buildings to be erected, etc., which were deemed irksome by the donees. Ne- gotiations began between Mr. Lick and the societies, which continued during most of the year 1873, when Mr. Lick finally offered to relieve his gift from all burdensome conditions. This purpose was yet un- accomplished at the time of his death, but after some little difficulty was arranged satisfactorily to all con- cerned by his trustees. Upon the valuable properties thus generously disposed of, now stand the beautiful buildings of the two societies which received his bene- factions. The first trust deed by which Mr. Lick gave all his immense estate to charitable and educational objects. was dated June 2, 1874. Among the several provis- ions of this instrument was one giving to San Jose $25,000 for the purpose of establishing an orphan asylum, and one appropriating $700,000 for establish- ing an observatory on land belonging to Mr. Lick near Lake Tahoe, in Placer County. An investiga- tion of the appropriateness of this site was at once set on foot. It was soon ascertained that the severity of the climate about the chosen location would seriously interfere both with the effective operation of the tel- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 131 escope and with the comfort of the visiting public. Mr. Lick then determined upon a change of site to some spot nearer civilization, and looked towards Mount St. Helena, in Napa County, as the proper point. He visited St. Helena and ascended part way to its summit, but before he had pursued his inquiries far enough to arrive at a conclusion, other circum- stances conspired to change his mind and direct his eyes to Santa Clara County in search of a favorable site for his observatory. Although, out of the large amount of property dis- tributed by Mr. Lick, San Jose received but $25,000, the people of that city were very grateful and ac- knowledged their gratitude in a well-worded series of resolutions prepared by Judge Belden, adopted by the mayor and common council, beautifully en- grossed and officially transmitted to Mr. Lick at San Francisco. Other recipients of Mr. Lick's benefac- tions had either responded coldly, or had made no response at all, and the action of the people at San Jose presented a strong contrast which attracted Mr. Lick's attention and caused him to think that per- haps he had not done as much as he should for the county which had so long been his home. The reso- lutions reached him at the time he was in doubt as to the location of his observatory, and he consulted his then confidential agent, Mr. Thos. E. Fraser, as to the availability of the mountain summits surround- ing the Santa Clara Valley for the home of the tele- scope. His attention was first called to Mount Bache, which rises to the height of about four thousand feet on the southwest in the Santa Cruz Range; but it was found that frequent sea fogs would interfere with the vision on that elevation. Mr. Fraser then re- ferred Mr. Lick to Mount Hamilton, and was by him instructed to ascend to its top and investigate its qualifications for the purpose in hand. In August, 187s, Mr. Fraser, accompanied by Hon. B. D. Murphy, then mayor of the city of San Jose, went upon the mountain, found it free from fog, equable of climate, easy of access, and generally suitable for the location of the great observatory. Mr. Lick then ad- dressed a communication to the Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County, offering to locate the observ- atory on Mount Hamilton, if the county would con- struct a road to the summit. The matters relating to this branch of the subject will be found fully related in our chapter on " Roads and Highways." In the meantime Mr. Lick had found that his deed of trust did not express his intentions as he desired. He found, among other things, that the strict con- struction of its terms would postpone the carrying into effect of his benefactions until after his death. He wanted the work to be pushed forward during his life-time. After duly considering these matters he addressed a communication to his trustees, setting forth his conclusions and intentions, and revoking the deed and asking them to resign the trust. The trustees consulted a lawyer, and upon his advice de- clined to resign, for the alleged reason that they had already converted about a million of dollars of the real estate into money and could not be absolved from responsibility by Mr. Lick's will alone. This involved Mr. Lick in a controversy with his trustees which, at first, threatened disaster to the beneficiaries. Jno. B. Felton was Mr. Lick's attorney, and instead of precipitating his client into a lawsuit, he used the columns of the newspapers so vigorously that the trustees became disgusted and made up an agreed case, by which the courts relieved them of responsi- bility and annulled the deed. On September 21, 1875, a new and final deed was executed by Mr. Lick, with Richard S. Floyd, Ber- nard D. Murphy, Foxan D. Atherton, John H. Lick, and John Nightingale as, trustees. The clause in the deed in reference to the observatory is as follows: — "Third — To expend the sum of seven hundred thou- sand dollars ($700,000) for the purpose of purchasing land, and constructing and putting up on such land as shall be designed by the party of the first part, a powerful telescope, superior to and more powerful than any telescope yet made, with all the machinery appertaining thereto and appropriately connected therewith, or that is necessary and convenient to the most powerful telescope now in use, or suited to one more powerful than any yet constructed; and also a suitable observatory connected therewith. The parties of the second part hereto, and their successors, shall, as soon as said telescope and observatory are constructed, convey the land whereupon the same may be situated, and the telescope and the observa- tory, and all the machinery and apparatus connected therewith, to the corporation known as the ' Regents of the University of California;' and if, after the con- struction of said telescope and observatory, there shall remain of said seven hundred thousand dollars in gold coin any surplus, the said parties of the sec- ond part shall turn over such surplus to said corpora- tion, to be invested by it in bonds of the United States, or of the city and county of San Francisco, or other good and safe interest-bearing bonds, and the 1 income thereof shall be devoted to the maintenance 132 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." of said telescope and the observatory connected there- with, and shall be made useful in promoting science; and the said telescope and observatory are to be known as the ' Lick Astronomical Department of the University of California-' " On making the new deed Mr. Lick selected Mount Hamilton as the site for the University, and the trustees, acting with the regents of the State Univer- sity, secured an act of Congress setting apart the public land at the summit for this purpose. This tract contains about five hundred acres, and is so sit- uated as to prevent settlement in the immediate vicinity of the observatory, or the inauguration of any enterprise in the immediate neighborhood that would be inimical to the interests of the institution. John B. Felton charged $100,000 for his services in annulling the first deed, and presented the bill to the new trustees. They refused to allow the claim unless Mr. Lick would sign a written authorization. Mr. Felton, with Mr. Murphy, one of the trustees, called on Mr. Lick for this purpose. "Mr. Felton," said the old philanthropist, "when we made the contract upon which that claim is based, we supposed that to cancel my first trust deed would be an exceedingly arduous matter, involving much expense, a long delay and years of the most elaborate and an- noymg litigation. The whole entanglement, however, has been adjusted in a few months without any diffi- culty, but little outlay, and with only a formal litigation; I think, under the changed circumstances, you ought to diminish the amount of your fee.'' "Your proposition, Mr. Lick," responded Felton, "re- minds me of a story I once heard about a countryman who had a bad toothache and went to a rustic den- tist to have the offender extracted. The dentist pro- duced a rusty set of instruments, seated him in a rickety chair, and went to work. After some hours of hard labor to himself, and the most extreme agony to the countryman, the tooth was extracted, and he charged him a dollar. A few months later the same countryman had another attack of toothache, and this time thought best to procure a metropolitan dentist. He went to the city, found the best dentist in it, and offered his swollen jaw for operation. The expert dentist passed his hand soothingly over his face, lo- cated the tooth with painless delicacy, produced a splendid set of instruments, and before the country- man knew it, had the tooth out. His charge was five dollars. 'Five dollars!' said the countryman, 'why, when Jones, down at the village, pulled my last tooth it took three hours, during which he broke his chair, broke my jaw, broke his tools, and mopped the whole floor with me several times, and he only charged me a dollar. You ought to diminish your bill!' " Mr. Lick signed the authorization and Mr. Felton received his money. In 1876 Mr. Lick had trouble with his trustees. One of the duties Mr. Lick wished first performed was the erection of his family monument in Freder- icksburg, Pennsylvania. It was during the arrange- ment for this work that the causes attending the re- tirement of the second Board arose, and in this wise, It will be noticed that among the members of this Board of Trustees was John H. Lick. Although James Lick is reputed to have never been married, this man was his son. He was born in Pennsylvania on June 30, 1 818, just about the time, it will be noticed, of James Lick's somewhat hurried departure for New York, and thence to South America. Who was the mother of this boy does not appear, unless, perhaps, it was the miller's comely daughter. Long after Mr. Lick came to California he sent for his son, then grown to manhood, and kept him for some years at work in the Mahogany Mill. Here he remained until August, 1 87 1, when he returned to his Eastern home. When Mr. Lick made his first deed of trust, he directed the payment to his son of $3,000. With this pittance John H. Lick was naturally dissatisfied, and hence in the second deed he was given the sum of $150,000, and made one of the trustees of the rest. To him, as trustee, the power was delegated to con- tract for the Fredericksburg monument, but for some reason he failed or refused to sign the contract. When this fact was made known to James Lick, in the summer of 1876, he became very much incensed against John H. Lick, and began to suspect that he had still further designs upon his property, and in the weakness of his old age he included the whole Board in his ill-humor, and suddenly required the res- ignation of the whole body. In this the trustees, ex- cept John H. Lick, concurred, and a new Board was appointed by Mr. Lick. Captain Floyd having been in Europe during this last entanglement, was not in- cluded in the old man's wrath, but was re-appointed on the new Board. Mr. Lick died October i, 1876, and before the new Board was fully organized. He was eighty years of age. His body lay in state at Pioneer Hall, San Francisco, and was followed by an immense proces- sion to Lone Mountain Cemetery, there to rest until a more fitting resting-place might be ready for its re- ception. Some months before his death, in a conver- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 133 sation with B. D. Murphy upon the subject of the probability of his death, Mr. Lick expressed the desire that he might be buried on Mount Hamilton, either within or to one side of the proposed observatory, after the manner of Sir Christopher Wren, the archi- tect of St. Paul's cathedral, who was buried in the crypt in 1.723. Immediately on the death of his father, John H. Lick returned from the East and secured letters of ad- ministration upon the estate. This was understood to be the beginning of an attempt to nullify the trust deed; after testing several points in the courts, the trustees finally effected a compromise by which they wera to pay Lick $535,000 in full of all claims against the estate. The Society of Pioneers and the Acad- emy of Sciences had been made residuary legatees by the deed, and they insisted that this payment to John Lick should be made pro rata from each of the be- quests. The Academy of Sciences was particularly active in the courts to compel the payment to be made in this manner. After nearly a year of litiga- tion, the courts decided that the special bequests could not be disturbed, and the compromise money must come from the share of the residuary legatees. As soon as possible after the completion of the road to the summit, work was commenced on the buildings. About two million six hundred thousand brick were used, all of which were manufactured in the immediate vicinity. Early in 1887, the work had progressed sufficiently to permit the request of Mr. Lick in re- gard to his burial-place to be complied with, and on the ninth day of January his remains were brought to San Jose, whence, followed by a large procession of officials and prominent citizens, they were conveyed to the mountain. A tomb had been prepared in the foundation of the pier, which was to support the great telescope, and in this, with imposing ceremonies, were the remains deposited. The following document, signed by the trustees and representatives of the State University, the Academy of Sciences, Pioneers, and the mayor of San Jose, was sealed up with the casket: "This is the body of James Lick, who was born in Fredericksburg, Pennsylvania, August 25, 1796, and who died in San Francisco, California, October i, 1876. "It has been identified by us, and in our presence has been sealed up and deposited in this foundation pier of the great equatorial telescope, this ninth day of January, 1887. "In the year 1875 he executed a deed of trust of his entire estate, by which he provided for the comfort and culture of the citizens of California, for the ad- vancement of handcraft and rede-craft among the youth of San Francisco and of the State ; for the de- velopment of scientific research and the diffusion of knowledge among men, and for founding in the State of California an astronomical observatory, to surpass all others existing in the world at this epoch. "This observatory has been erected by the trustees of his estate, and has been named the Lick Astronom- ical Department of the University of California, in memory of the founder. "This refracting telescope is the largest which has ever been constructed, and the astronomers who have tested it declare that its performance surpasses that of all other telescopes. "The two disks of glass for the objective were cast by Ch. Feil, of France, and were brought to a true figure by Alvan Clark & Sons, of Massachusetts. "Their diameter is thirty-six inches, and their focal length is fifty-six feet two inches. "Upon the completion of this structure the regents of the University of California became the trustees of this astronomical observatory." The contract for the great lens was made with Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, for $5 1,000. They employed M. Feil & Sons, of Paris, to cast the glass. The contract was made in 1880. In 1882 the flint-glass was cast and sent to Messrs. Clark, but it was not until 1885 that a perfect crown- glass could be obtained. The Clarks succeeded in obtaining a true figure in 1886, and on the twenty- ninth of December, of that year, the great lens reached Mount Hamilton. The mounting of the instrument and other details of construction occupied eighteen months' more time, and in June, 1888, the whole work was completed. The transfer of the observatory from the trustees to the regents of the university took place June I, 1888, being fourteen years from the date of Mr. Lick's first deed. ^e^e'^^ oo &^ ^ ^^ ^j-QOo. ^^^^ Old Landmarks. IL..^ ^ai ^i^^ =^ g^J) BUILDINGS. DURING the Spanish and American administra- tion in California, the architecture was of a very rude character. The walls of the best houses were of adobe, and the roofs generally of straw. Later, tiles were substituted for straw in the more pretentious structures. This style of building was in vogue for some time after the American occupation. Up to 1850, the city of San Jose had more the appearance of a military camp on the frontier, than of a town. The rude houses with their thatched roofs were supple- mented by tents, and there was hardly a comfortable building in the district. The ordinance establishing the first fire limits, passed July 1 1, 1850, gives a pretty good idea of the character of the houses. These limits were described as commencing at the intersection of Second and St. James Streets, thence along Second to San Carlos, thence to the Acequia, thence along the Acequia northerly to a point which would inter- sect a prolongation of St. James Street, and thence easterly and along St. James Street to the place of beginning. Within these limits it was prohibited to erect any structures composed of canvas, willow, cot- ton cloth, tules, mustard, reeds, or other grassy sub- stances, under a penalty of not less than twenty-five or more than two hundred dollars. It also forbade the existence of any hay-stacks, unless inclosed or suitably guarded, and enjoined the removal of those then in existence, under the same penalty. There were, however, some better buildings in the city than this ordinance would seem to indicate. Three years prior to this, in 1847, Mr. William Campbell had commenced the erection of a saw-mill on Quito Creek, afterwards known as Campbell Creek, in the western part of the county. Owing to the scarcity of labor, everybody having gone to the mines, the mill was not completed until 1848, in which year Zachariah Jones also completed a mill. These mills furnished a supply of building material, but it was costly, the charge for hauling alone being a hundred (134) dollars per thousand feet, while the lumber cost any- where from two hundred and fifty to seven hundred dollars per thousand While these efforts were being made to secure building material from the foot-hills, other attempts were being made nearer home. In the latter part of 1848 Mr. Osborn succeeded in making brick, and he erected houses of this material the same year. The first was built at the corner of Fifth and St. John Streets, another on Fifth between St. John and St. James, and a third on St. John between Fourth and Fifth Streets. Brick -layers, carpenters, and, in fact, mechanics of all kinds, commanded sixteen dol- lars per day for their services, and this, with materials at a correspondingly high price, made the building of houses a pretty expensive operation. Nothing but the rich products of the newly discovered gold mines rendered it possible. The City Hotel, the principal hostelry of the pueblo, was built in 1849. It was located on the west side of First Street, about where the Martin Block now stands. The old-timers do not speak in glowing terms of its accommodations for guests. The price for board and lodging was $5.00 per day; single meals, $2.00. The Mansion House, on First Street, between Santa Clara and St. John, occupied the present site of the Music Hall building. It was commenced in 1849 and completed early in 1850. It was erected by Joseph S. Ruckle, and cost $100,000. This was the popular hotel for many years, and was headquarters for the members of the Legislature, members of the Bar, and business and professional men. In 1853 Mr. A. S. Beaty was installed as landlord, and his memory will always be kept green by those who were fortunate enough to have been his guests. The building was burned May 31, 1865. The United States Hotel was erected in 1850 on San Pedro Street. It was first called the Pavilion, but its name was changed as above. The frame of this building was made in Australia, and when com- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 135 pleted the building cost over $50,000. It never paid interest on tlie investment, and, in 1879, it was moved upon Sixth Street and converted into a dwelling- house. In the same year A. Chattelle expended $50,- 000 in erecting a two-story building on the west side of Market Street near El Dorado Street, which was called the French Hotel. The lower portion was used for gambling and became notorious. J. D. Hoppe, in 1850, with Levi Goodrich as archi- tect, put up what was called a fine adobe building on the northeast corner of Santa Clara and Market Streets, where T. W. Spring's store now is. The adobes were taken from the old juzgado, which was torn down this year. Frank Lightston built two adobe houses on Santa Clara Street opposite the Auzerais House. These buildings stood until 1871. O. L. Crosby built the house afterwards occupied by Mrs. Hensley in what was afterwards known as the Hensley grounds, on First Street between Julian and Empire. Wm. Van Voorhies, who was then Sec- retary of State, built a frame house on Second Street near William, in this year. The old Morgan House was built this year by Messrs. May, Lee, and McCune. It was on the corner of First and San Fernando Streets, and was run as a boarding-house at first, but was opened as a hotel in 185 1, by John R. Price. In 1867 a portion was torn down and the corner built up with brick, and a few years afterwards all of the old wooden building was removed to make place for the Wilcox Block. During this year Governor Burnett occupied a house on Second Street, near San Carlos. It was considered a good building then, but would hardly meet popular opinion as a governor's mansion now. The State House we have spoken of elsewhere. It was built by Sansevain and Rochon, in 1849. In. 1850 also was built the Bella Union. It stood on the present site of the Auzerais House, on Santa Clara Street. It was a two-story frame building with a sheet-iron roof. The frame was brought from the Eastern States via Cape Horn. It was opened as a drinking saloon about Christmas and played a con- spicuous part in the early history of the city. From 1850 there was not much building, nearly everybody being at the mines; but in 1853 nearly a hundred houses were erected. Many of these were of brick, it being estimated that 1,1 50,000 brick were used that year, all but 9,000 being manufactured in Santa Clara. Among the most prominent of these build- ings was one at the southeast corner of Santa Clara Street and Pacheco Alley, which was occupied by the Supreme Court, and one at the southeast corner of Market and Santa Clara Streets. Merritt Brothers built a two-story brick building on Fifth Street near St. John, This was considered an aristocratic struct- ure in those days. It is still standing. Auzerais Brothers built their brick store on Market Street be- tween El Dorado Street and the Catholic Church. A two-story frame house was brought from San Fran- cisco and put on the northwest corner of Santa Clara and First Streets, where Knox Block now stands. It was called the Railroad Hotel. The Sisters of Notre Dame commenced their brick college building this year, with Levi Goodrich as architect. The county jail on San Fernando Street, between Third and Fourth, was built at a cost of $15,000 in 1854. In 1855 the old City Hall on Market Street was built. It was of brick and adobe, 68x42 feet and two stories high. We speak of this in the past tense in view of the new City Hall, which is fast approach- ing completion. Some brick buildings were erected this year on the east side of Market Street between Santa Clara and El Dorado Streets. Peter Davidson built some brick stores near the northwest corner of Market and Santa Clara Streets. In 1856 Eli Jones & Co. erected a brick store on the east side of First Street between El Dorado and Santa Clara Streets. In 1857 Mr. Stock built a house on First Street. In 1858 Pfister & Co. built a two-story brick build- ing on the southeast corner of First and Santa Clara Streets, where Safe Deposit Block now stands. The Catholic Church was encased in brick. This building was afterward destroyed by fire. P. O. Minor put up the concrete building on the west side of First Street between El Dorado and San Fernando. In 1859 Auzerais Brothers built several buildings on Market Street south of their store. Martin Mur- phy built ninety feet of the brick stores on the east side of Market Street. Clemente Colombet built the brick block on the west side of Market Street, called then the San Jose Hotel, now the Cosmopolitan. Stark's Theater was built this year. It was on First Street nearly opposite the New York Exchange. It was opened with the play of " Richelieu." In 1863 the foundations of the Auzerais House, on Santa Clara Street, were laid. It was completed in 1865. Cost of building and furniture, about $160,- 000. Patrick Welch erected his brick stable on First Street, north of Santa Clara. King and Knoche built the brick building on First Street, north of El Dorado. The old railroad depot on San Pedro Street was built this year. 136 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." In 1864 the Hensley Block, at the northwest corner of Market and Santa Clara Streets, was erected. It was then called the Masonic and Odd Fellows' Hall Building. It was occupied below by James Hart's dry-goods store, when it was, early in the 70's, rented for the use of the post-office, and continued in that use until 1888. C. T. Ryland built a two-story brick building at the northeast corner of First and San Fernando Streets. He added to it in 1869. It is now used as the Lick House. In this year the first part of Knox Block was erected, at the northwest corner of Santa Clara and First Streets. Two stores were added on First Street in 1867. In 1866 the Court House, opposite St. James' Square, was commenced. It was not finished until 1868. Haskell & Porter, Strauss & Brown, S. A. Clark and John Stock, erected brick buildings on the west side of First Street, between San Fernando and E! Dorado Streets. In 1867 the Santa Clara Street School-house was built. The New York Exchange Building, on First Street, was completed this year, and opened by Martin Corcoran. Levy Brothers built a brick build- ing at the southwest corner of First and Santa Clara Streets. It has been remodeled, and is now owned and occupied by the First National Bank. John Balbach put up his brick building on Santa Clara Street, between Market and First. Part of the old Morgan House, at the northwest corner of First and San Fernando Streets, was removed, and a brick building erected. The remainder of the house was afterwards taken away, and the block completed with a two-story brick structure. Part of this block is now occupied by the Garden City National Bank. In 1868 Martin Murphy built the brick building on the south side of Santa Clara Street, between Lightston Street and Market, now occupied by the City Stables. Adolph Pfister built the brick build- ing at the southeast corner of Santa Clara and Sec- ond Streets. Charles Otter built the brick building at the southwest corner of St. John and First Streets, forming a portion of the New York Exchange Block. H. M. Newhall erected the building at the northeast corner of Market and First Streets, since occupied by T. W. Springs' store. In 1870 Brohaska's Opera House was completed. It was situated on the north side of Santa Clara Street, between Second and Third. It was finished in modern style, and was considered, at that time, the best theater building in the interior of the State. It was opened with " London Assurance," with John T. Raymond as "Mark Meddle." The building was destroyed by fire in 1881. This year the Jewish Synagogue, corner of Third and San Antonio Streets, was built. The first normal school building was commenced this year. Music Hall Building, on First Street, was erected. The new county jail was built. The first asphaltum sidewalk was constructed this year. It was on the north side of Santa Clara Street, from First to Market. It was built by a Frenchman, named Neuval, and was the best ever made in the city, lasting for many years. In 1 87 1 the Bank of San Jose Building was erected. In 1872 the Safe Deposit Block was built. Later it was extended south to Fountain Street. It is not intended in this chapter to give the dates of construction of all the buildings in the city, but to give some of the old landmarks, and to trace the march of improvements for the first twenty years of American occupation. During the Spanish and Mexican administration, which covered a period of more than half a century, not more than a dozen buildings were erected in the pueblo, and these were of the rudest character. Within twenty years after the Americans took possession, the pueblo had be- come a thriving city, with substantial business blocks and beautiful residences, and has already become known as the " Garden City." )S^Q3 .^-OO ^SiiiiiSiiiiii^SiiiiSHiii^SiiHiililiiiiiiiiii^a i DURING the War of the Rebellion, Santa Clara County evinced her willing^ness to stand by the Union, both with money and men. Of the former, many thousands of dollars were contributed and placed at the disposal of the Sanitary Commission. Of the latter, more volunteers were tendered than required, and many crossed the mountains in order to enlist under the old flag. Those who enlisted here were either retained in the State or sent to Arizona and New Mexico. There was no draft ever ordered in California to secure her proportion of troops, while there was always a reserve, in the volunteer companies organized under the State laws, more than sufficient for any emergency that might arise. California was far from the center of government, with a long line of exposed sea-coast, and, in case of foreign compli- cations, subject to attack. For these reasons it was necessary that her people should remain at home to protect their own territory. This was done to a great extent, although each regiment, as it was organized, understood that it was to be sent East to take position at the front. Many men from Santa Clara County, not being able to enlist at home, went to San Fran- cisco and other cities where the quota was not filled, in order to be enrolled. These were credited to other counties. Of those who enlisted from Santa Clara County we have record of the following: — COMPANY C, FIRST REGIMENT. — Infantry. Organized in San Jose, June, 1861. Re-organized as veterans at Las Cruces, New Mexico, November 29, 1864. This company was on duty in New Mex- ico, operating in the heart of the Apache country. They had many desperate engagements with the In- dians. Lieutenant Vestal, with his company, assisted in the capture of the notorious Showalter and his party. The company while in the desert marched a distance of over two thousand miles. SECOND REGIMENT. — Infantry. Organized November 29, 1861. Served against Indians in northern part of the State and in Arizona. 18 The Santa Clara men in this regiment were generally credited to Mayfield. T. C. Winchell was Adjutant of this regiment; Montgomery Maze was Second Lieutenant of Company A; C. P. Fairfield was First Lieutenant of Company I. THIRD REGIMENT. — Infantry. Organized in 1861. Served in Utah and Colorado. J. C. Merrill was Captain of Company B of this reg- iment. There were Santa Clara County men in Companies D, E, and G. William J. Callahan, de- ceased, was in the latter company. EIGHTH REGIMENT. — Infantry. Company C was organized at San Jose in 1864. After being mustered in, the regiment was stationed at Fort Point, California. FIRST BATTALION OF MOUNTAINEERS. Organized in 1862. Served in the mountain cam- paigns against the hostile Indians in California and Nevada. Geo. W. Ousley was Captain of Company B of this battalion. FIRST CAVALRY REGIMENT. Company E organized August, 1861. Served in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Engaged against the Kiowa, Comanche, Navajo, and Apache Indians. There were Santa Clara men also in Companies I and L of this regiment. FIRST BATTALION OF NATIVE CAVALRY. Company A was organized in San Jose in 1883, by Captain J. R. Pico. Served in California and Arizona. The battalion was composed principally of native Californians. In addition to the foregoing troops mustered into the United States service, the following organizations were held in the State service: — FIRST REGIMENT. — Cavalry. H. M. Leonard, Major. Company E, Redwood Cavalry. — H. M. Leonard, Captain; E. Vandyne, First Lieutenant; D. J. Bur- (137) 138 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD:' nett, Senior Second Lieutenant; H. C. Morrill, Junior Second Lieutenant. Sixty men in the company, all armed. Company /, Burnett Light Horse Guard. — J. R. Hall, Captain; P. Henry, First Lieutenant; J. Chris- man, Senior Second Lieutenant; A. J. Fowler, Junior Second Lieutenant. Fifty men in the company, all armed. Company K, New Almaden Cavalry. — L. F. Parker, Captain; J. P. Dudley, First Lieutenant; H. H. Curtis, Senior Second Lieutenant; A. F. Foster, Junior Sec- ond Lieutenant. Forty men in the company, all armed. NATIONAL LIGHT ARTILLERY. S. O. Houghton, Captain; C. T. Henley, First Lieu- tenant; Jacob Weigent, Junior First Lieutenant; N. B. Edwards, Senior Second Lieutenant; Edward Ladd, Junior Second Lieutenant. FIFTH REGIMENT. — Infantry. A. Jones Jackson, Colonel; A. B. Rowley, Lieuten- ant-Colonel; J. Porter, Major; J. O. Wanzer, Adju- tant; Chas. N. Senter, R. Q. M.; A. J. Corey, Surgeon. Company A, Union Guard. — Chas. P. Crittenden, Captain; E.J. Morton, First Lieutenant; Geo. Evans, Senior Second Lientenant; N. Klein, Junior Second Lieutenant. Sixty men, armed with rifles. Company B, San Jose Zouaves. — A. W. White, Captain; M. Campbell, First Lieutenant; F. B. Fuller, Senior Second Lieutenant; W. T. Adel, Junior Second Lieutenant. Eighty men, arm^d with rifle muskets. Company C, Alviso Rifles. — Thatcher F. Barnes, Captain; John Root, First Lieutenant; Edward W. Williams, Senior Second Lieutenant; Chas. E. Morri- son, Junior Second Lieutenant. Sixty men, armed with rifle muskets. Coinpany E, Gilroy Guards. — John H. Adams, Cap- tain ; William O. Barker, First Lieutenant ; W. N. Furlong, Senior Second Lieutenant; William Van Gundy, Junior Second Lieutenant, Forty men, armed with rifle muskets. Company H, Santa Clara Guard. — William H. Swope, First Lieutenant; W. H. Menton, Senior Second Lieutenant; A. F. Harlow, Junior Second Lieutenant. Sixty men, armed with rifle muskets. JOHNSON GUARD. — Unattached. John M. Murphy, Captain; N. B. Edwards, First Lieutenant; J. F. Faulkner, Senior Second Lieuten- ant; P. W. Riordan, Junior Second Lieutenant. Fifty men, armed with muskets. o X > P o a < ^ij^^t,^t,f^JtJi^^,A-^^J^^^>i^^-^^^^f^f^^*>f^^^^*^^''**'t^^J^J^ J ^^^^^^iJULA^**'^>^>-^^ »;;^%lS-^^5---%%lS"^i^^^^ fe3CtJE«=3::fcJt:5=fe%zS:5=fe:^, COURT HOUSE. FOR a short time after the county was organized under the Government of the United States, the old juzgado was used as a court-house. It was ill adapted for this purpose, and, in addition to its incon- veniences, it belonged to the city, and was under control of that municipality. From the first day of the county's existence it felt the necessity of provid- ing suitable buildings for the accommodation of its courts and officers. The lack of money with which to either purchase or build was a serious obstacle to the settlement of the difficulty. In June, 1850, the Court of Sessions, then the legislative department of the county, gave notice that the county judge would receive proposals from parties owning property which they would either give or sell to the county for a site for county buildings. Among the responses to this notice was one from James F. Reed, who offered to donate eight lots in the block bounded by Third, Fourth, William, and Reed Streets, to be used as a site for the court-house, and two lots in the block im- mediately south, to be used as a site for the county jail. This offer the county accepted, but the build- ings were not placed there, and the negotiations came to nothing. The next month the court made another order, by which it authorized the county judge, J. W. Redmon, to select a proper site for county buildings, and di- recting " that he cause to be erected the necessary buildings and superintend the same, and that he draw from time to time his warrant on the county treasury for such sums as may be necessary for that purpose." This was an extraordinary power to grant to any one man, but it was never exercised to its full extent. In the meantime, the county government had moved from the old juzgado to the building on First Street, opposite Fountain Alley, and afterwards the Bella Union Building on Santa Clara Street, where the Auzerais House now stands. In 1851 Judge Redmon selected Market Plaza as the site for the court-house, and the same was pur- chased from the city. This included the old State House, which was fixed up for the use of the courts and county officers. This building seems to have been looked upon by the people as common property, and they were accustomed to hold all sorts of meet- ings and entertainments there. This was considered by the county government as an infringement of its dignity, and in July, 1852, the sheriff was ordered to "take charge of the court-house and allow no dances, balls, or shows to be held therein." This order elicited such a cry of indignation from the people that, within two days after its issuance, it was modified so as to allow the use of the building as an assembly hall and place of entertainment, but instructing the sheriff to collect, for such uses, a sufficient amount to pay the fees of a janitor and watchman. The old State House having burned, the court-house was removed to the adobe building on Lightstone Street, owned at that time by Frank Lightstone, and the officers again began to look about for permanent location. Levi Goodrich was appointed as architect, and directed to present plans and specifications, the idea being to rebuild on the old lot at Market Plaza. The plans were drawn, and the clerk directed to call for bids; but before anything further was done, A. S. Caldwell made a proposition to sell the county the lot and buildings at the southeast corner of San Fernando and Second Streets. A committee was appointed and reported that the building, with a little alteration, would be suitable for a court-house, and the purchase was made. The price paid was $4,000. In Decem- ber, 1853, this building was officially declared to be the county court-house, the same order setting apart (139) 140 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." the south room on the lower floor as the district court- room. This building was afterwards known as the "What Cheer House," and is still standing. The county sold the State House lot to a Mr. Briggs for $500, reserving the right to use the jail thereon until a new jail could be built. The county occupied its new quarters for sixteen years, when it became necessary to have enlarged accommodations. An order was made offering a hundred dollars for the best plan for a new court-house. Pending this matter, the clerk was authorized to negotiate with the city council for the use of the sec- ond story of the City Hall on Market Street for a court-room. This resulted in a two years' lease of the upper portion of the City Hall, in return for which the county gave the city the use of a portion of the lot at the corner of San Fernando and Second Streets. This exchange was effected in August, i860. In the latter part of this year, Levi Goodrich presented plans for a new building, which were adopted, and he re- ceived the premium of $100 offered therefor. In March, of 1861, the Board of Supervisors asked Hon. A. L. Rhodes to procure the passage of an act by the Legislature, authorizing the county to issue bonds to pay for the building; they also directed Mr. Goodrich to prepare working drawings. The lease of the City Hall expired in 1862, and at that time Martin Murphy was finishing his brick block on Market Street. He offered to rent the up- per portion of these buildings to the county for $190 per month, and finish them in a manner suitable for use as county offices, the large hall at the corner of Market and El Dorado Streets to be used as a court- room. The county accepted the offer and took a five years' lease, with the privilege of renewal. This was the last location of the court-house prior to the con- struction of the present building. Two years elapsed before anything more was done towards a new building. During this time there grew up a sentiment that the old lot at the corner of San Fernando and Second Streets was not a suitable lo- cation, and the supervisors were urged to purchase another lot. There was some opposition to this sug- gestion, and some heated debates were had over it at the Board meetings. Two of the supervisors, Messrs. Quimby and Yates, were opposed to buying another lot, and when the resolution was adopted to change the location, voted in the negative, as they also did at each subsequent stage of the proceedings. Among the sites offered the Board was the one now occupied by the court-house. It was owned by W. H. Hall, who offered to sell it to the county for $5,000. The committee appointed to examine the title reported that they had had it examined by the "best attorneys in the city," and that it had been pronounced valid, The purchase was consummated, Mr. Hall receiving from the county the sum of $7,353 in currency, in lieu of the $5,000 in gold, the extra $2,353 being the dif- ference between gold and greenbacks at that time. The original tract was one hundred and thirty-seven and a half feet front on First Street by two hundred and seventy-five feet deep; subsequently twelve and a half feet more frontage was secured from JosiahBelden, and in 1867 more frontage was purchased, the price of the latter being $40 per foot. Adjoining property is now rated at $275 per front foot. Work on the court- house was pushed as rapidly as possible, and on Jan- uary I, 1868, the county officers took possession. Originally there was but one court-room, the ceiling of which extended to the roof In 1879 a floor was laid cutting this apartment into the two rooms, as they now are. The cost of the building was about $200,000. COUNTY JAIL. The first county jail was located on the lot occupied by the old State House, and was erected when that building was used as a court-house. When that lot was sold to Briggs, the county reserved the right to use the jail until a new one could be built. In 1854 a contract was awarded to Marcus Williams to erect a jail on the last part of the lot at the corner of Second and San Fernando Streets. The price was to be $15,- 000, and R. B. Buckner was appointed a committee to superintend the construction. This jail was completed January 2, 1855. It was of brick, with iron cells, and was considered a remarkably secure place for confin- ing prisoners. It was used until 1871, and did good service. It was injured by the earthquake of 1864, but the walls were drawn back to their places with iron rods and the building pronounced as good as new. When the new court-house was built it was found necessary to have the county jail nearer to the court- rooms, and Levi Goodrich was directed to prepare plans for a new building. The plans were submitted and adopted, and the architect directed to proceed with the construction. This was in 1870, and during the next year the jail was completed and in use. The old jail was torn down and the brick used in the new building. The old jail lot was sold for $5,850. COUNTY HOSPITAL. The first organized effort to care for the indigent PEN" PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 141 sick was made in 1854, when a committee from the common council met a committee from the Board of Supervisors and agreed to act in concert in this mat- ter. By the terms of this agreement the county was to bear two-thirds of the expense and the city one- third. All affairs concerning indigent sick were to be managed by a joint committee, composed of two members of each Board. The council, however, re- fused to confirm the action of its committee, alleging that they were able to take care of their own indigent sick. On this the supervisors appointed George Peck, R. G. Moody, and William Daniels as a relief com- mittee, or Board of Health. During this year the county received $869.49 as its share of the State relief fund. The next year, 1855, a county physician was ap- pointed and the city agreed to pay $50 per month to- wards maintenance and medical attendance for indi- gent sick. About the same time the old Levy prop- erty was rented for a hospital, the county paying a monthly rent of $40 per month. In November of the same year the county advertised for proposals for a house and lot for hospital purposes. In response to this call the Merritt Brothers offered to sell the old Sutter House for $5,500. This house was situated to the northeast of the city, and to it was attached twenty-five acres of ground. The proposition was ac- cepted and the county occupied the premises until February, 1856, when, the owners failing to make a good deed to the property, the contract for the pur- chase was rescinded. The county then advertised for proposals for taking care of the indigent sick. The first contract was let to Dr. G. B. Crane, who agreed to maintain the patients and furnish medical and sur- gical attendance for $4,600 per year, the number of patients not to be more than seven per day, or, if in excess of that number, to be paid for at that rate. For several years the patients were farmed out in this manner, the county paying the contractor from $4,000 to $5,000 per year for the service. In i860 the necessity for a hospital building be- came very apparent, and a committee was appointed to select a site. Many offers of property were made, but the proposal of Hiram CahiU was finally ac- cepted. This tract contained .twelve acres of land, and was situated on the south side of South Street, just west of the Los Gatos Creek. The price paid was $4,000. The buildings were repaired and en- larged, and a pest-house built on the creek to the south. These premises were occupied until 1871. Before this time, however, in 1868, the hospital be- came too small to accommodate all the patients. The city had grown much larger, and there was con- siderable objection to the location of the institution so near to the city limits. An effort was made to secure another location, but it was three years before a new site was chosen. The Board finally purchased, of John S. Conner, one hundred and fourteen acres of land where the infirmary is now situated. The price paid was $12,400. In 1875 the contract for the building was awarded to W. O. Breyfogle, for $14,- 633.70. Messrs. Lenzen & Gash were the architects. Before this, however, the buildings from the old grounds had been removed to the new site, and the old premises cut up into lots and sold, netting the county $4,518.64. In 1884 eighty-one acres of the new tract were sold to different parties, leaving thirty- three acres in the present grounds. The money ac- cruing from these sales amounted to $14,727.71, being $2,327.71 more than the cost of the entire tract. Up to 1883 there was no almshouse in Santa Clara County. Invalids in destitute circumstances were cared for at the county hospital, while the indigent who were not invalids were cared for by allowances by the Board of Supervisors. These allowances were of money, provisions, clothing, fuel, etc., as each case might demand. For many years the destitute chil- dren were cared for by the Ladies' Benevolent So- ciety, this society receiving from the supervisors a monthly allowance of a certain amount per capita. Many children are still cared for in this manner. Each supervisor exercised a supervision over the destitute of his respective district, and all allowances were made on his recommendation. This was a vexatious duty for the Board, and whatever care was exercised, impositions were successfully perpetrated. The expense necessarily incurred by this system of affording relief began to be very burdensome, and in 1883 steps were taken to establish a county farm. In March of that year a committee was appointed to examine the matter, and this committee reported the advisability of organizing an almshouse. From this time to the latter part of 1884 the Board occu- pied itself in examining different sites offered for the location. Finally the present site was adopted, and a hundred acres of land purchased of James Boyd, for $25,000. The tract contained the present main building, which had been erected some years pre- viously by John O'Toole, a former owner, at an ex- pense of $21,000, and which was intended as a resi- dence. Now all aid to destitute persons is extended through this institution. Persons not residents of the county are not aided at all, but are returned to the counties where they belong. THE first record that we have of the estabhshment of public schools is. a document which was found among the old archives of the pueblo, and purporting to be a contract, made in 1811, between the com- missioners of the pueblo, on behalf of the families thereof, and Rafael Villavicencio, for the instruction of all the children of the pueblo. Having been sent to the commander at Monterey, it was returned with additions and modifications, and the document thus amended constituted the first school law of the city of San Jose. As such, as well as on account of its peculiarity, it deserves a place in this work. Fol- lowing is the text: "I return to you, that the same may be placed in the archives, the obligation which the inhabitants of the neighborhood have made with the infirm corporal, Rafael Villavicencio, who trans- mitted it to me by official letter of the thirtieth of last September, in which he obligated himself to teach the children of this pueblo and vicinity to read, write, and the doctrine, and to be paid therefor at the rate of eighteen reals per annum, by every head of a family, in grain or flour. As in this obligation of both parties the conditions are not expressed, which I consider ought to be, I have thought proper to dictate them, that you may make it known to both parties in public, with their consent, and that it be signed by you, the Alcalde, Regidores, and the teacher, and registered in the archives. Firstly, the pay of eighteen reals annually, by each and every head of a family, I think is quite sufficient for the teacher, and as it is all they can give, in virtue of which the commissioner will be obliged to collect the same at the proper time, in order to deliver it to the teacher. The teacher, in virtue of the pay which is to be made to him, will also be obliged to perform his obligation with the greatest vigilance and strictness, without giving his attention to anything else but the teaching. As the hours are not expressed in which the attend- ance of the children ought to be at school, they will be these: six in a day, — three in the morning and (142) three in the afternoon; in the morning from eight o'clock until eleven, and in the afternoon from two until five, it being the duty of the commissioner to compel the fathers to make their children attend, and to see that the teacher in no instance fails. Every Thursday and Saturday afternoon the children will not write or read, but explanations will be given them, these two afternoons, of the doctrine (faith), at which times the commissioner will attend, and advise the teacher that he must answer for the much or little explanation which he may make. When the teacher observes the absence of any of the scholars at the school, he will notify their fathers, who will give some satisfactory reason why they were absent on that morning or afternoon ; and if they should be absent a second time, then he will notify the commissioner, who will compel the fathers to send their children, without receiving any excuse or pretexts, particularly from the mothers, because they will all be frivolous, since the children have sufficient time to do all that they are required to do. Lastly, during the time in which the children are at school, their fathers will be exempt from being responsible to God for them, and the teacher will be the one who is thus responsible; as he will, also, in consideration of his pay, be re- sponsible for the education and teaching of the holy dogmas of the religion; and the teacher is he who must be responsible to God, the parish priest, and to their authority. "It is also understood that the fathers are obliged to examine their children at home, as to the advance- ment which they may make, and to complain to the commissioner when they see no advancement, in order that he may remedy the matter, if necessary. As the teacher is responsible in the divine presence for the education and good examples of his scholars, and as he must answer to the State for the fulfillment of his obligations, he has the right to correct and punish his scholars, with advice, warning, and lashes, in case of necessity; and particularly he ought to do it for PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' 143 any failure to learn the doctrine, for which he ought not to accept any excuse, nor to pardon anyone from punishment who fails to learn it, or who does not commit to memory the lesson which may be given him." We have no information as to how long the " infirm corporal " conducted this school, but it was a fair type of the educational system of the country up to the time when the parish schools were organized under the immediate supervision of the church, and taught by the priests. These teachers were men of high education, and the curriculum consisted of consid- erably more than the " reading and writing " bar- gained for with Raphael Villavicencio, and we may logically infer that the spiritual instruction of the pupils was on a correspondingly high plane. At the present day we see these parish schools developed into such institutions as the St. Joseph's day school, and the Academy of Notre Dame, presided over by men and women who have abandoned the world for the purpose of devoting their lives to this noble work. The first Protestant school of which we have any record was opened by Rev. E. Bannister in 1851, and was called the San Jose Academy. In it were taught not only the English branches, but the classics. At first it was a private enterprise, but in the same year it was incorporated, having a Board of nine trustees. In 1853 a school for young ladies, called the Bas- com Institute, was opened. It was under the aus- pices of the Pacific Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was managed by nine trustees. Mrs. R. C. Hammond was the first principal. She was succeeded by Samuel Lea as principal, with Orrin Hinds as assistant, and the institution continued pros- perously until October, 1859. The first common school was organized by a com- mittee of citizens in March, 1853, and was taught by Rev. Horace Richardson. In June of the same year the committee opened another school in the Baptist Church and employed Orrin Hinds as teacher. Of those whom the discovery of gold brought to this coast, a large proportion were men of liberal edu- cation, many of them collegians and fitted to take the highest rank in the various professions. By rea- son of their intelligence and mental culture, these men were put to the front in public affairs. They determined that the new State should have every facility for popular education that could be afforded. Legislation on this subject commenced early and was characterized by a spirit of liberality, which was met with enthusiasm by the people at large. As a result of this legislation this county was, in 1855, di- vided into sixteen school districts. Having a large number of educated men to draw on for a supply of teachers, the schools became wonderfully efficient from the start. The liberal salaries paid teachers at- tracted the best educational talent from the older States, and, almost from the very beginning, the com- mon schools of California took rank with the very best in the Union. Especially was this the case in Santa Clara County, where the liberal appropriations of the State were supplemented by equally liberal ones from the county funds, which enabled these schools to be at once placed in a most effective condition. The school statistics for 1888 show that Santa Clara County has seventy-three school districts, with one hundred and seventy-four teachers; that there are eleven thousand two hundred and fifty-nine school children between the ages of five and seventeen years,, and that there are eighty public school buildings, erected at an average cost of about $5,000 each. The public school property is estimated at $436,072; the school libraries contain seventeen thousand one hun- dred and seventeen volumes, valued at $25,178. The schools are graded from primary departments to the High School, and the course of study includes all branches necessary to enable the pupil to matriculate at the State University. The city now owns the following principal school buildings: — Santa Clara Street School, containing eight rooms and assembly hall; built in 1867, at a cost of $22,000. Reed Street, or Third Ward School, eight rooms and assembly hall; built 1870; cost $16,000. Fourth Ward School, eight rooms and assembly hall; built 1874; cost $18,000. First Ward School, eight roorns and assembly hall; built 1875; cost $20,000. Second Ward, or Empire Street School, eight rooms and assembly hall; built 1877; cost $19,000. There are several smaller buildings at convenient points in the city, while another large house to cost $20,000 is about to be erected. THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Was established by an act of the Legislature, May 2, 1862. It opened its doors with thirty-one pupils. It was located in San Francisco, where it occupied rooms in the public-school buildings of that city, first of the San Francisco High School, then rented rooms on Post Street, and afterwards at the Lincoln Grammar 144 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." School. Its usefulness in providing efficient teachers for the public schools of the State was soon recognized, and in 1870 an appropriation was made for the erec- tion of suitable buildings. One of the most memo- rable battles ever witnessed in the legislation of the State, occurred on the question of selecting a location for this institution. Nearly every county in the State offered a site, and some of them large subsidies in money. San Jose offered to give Washington Square, containing twenty-eight acres, for the use of the State, and this offer was accepted. A large and mag- nificent wooden building was erected under the super- vision of the architect, Mr. Theo. Lenzen. This build- ing, with all of its contents, including furniture, maps, charts, library, apparatus, and museum, was burned to the ground, February 1 1, 1880. The Legislature was then in session and a bill was immediately introduced into that body for an appropriation to rebuild, the school in the meantime occupying rooms in the High School building. An effort was made to change the location of the institution, and the fight of 1870 again came on with renewed vigor. But San Jose was again successful, and an appropriation was made with which the pres- ent magnificent building was erected. The number of students for the year 1887-88 was five hundred and ninety-seven; there were sixty-one in the gradu- ating class. SANTA CLARA COLLEGE. This institution is in the town of Santa Clara, near the old Mission Church, which is included in the grounds. It is a Catholic school, established by the Jesuits, through Father Nobili, in 1851, but was not incorporated and empowered to confer degrees until 1855. Since that time its career has been one of prog- ress in all the branches of a liberal Christian educa- tion. Many of the most prominent men of the State claim her as a/ma maier. The best educators of the famous Society of Jesus have occupied chairs in the faculty and have administered the affairs of the in- stitution in a manner that has given the Santa Clara College a world-wide reputation. Its curriculum does not stop with the ordinary college course, but em- braces the learned professions as well. When the hills and gulches of California were full of prospectors for the precious metals, the opinions of the Department of Metallurgy were sought for as absolute authority, while in the Departments of Agriculture and Horti- culture it has rendered equally valuable service to the State. Students from the Old World seek its academic shades to perfect themselves in specialties, while its halls are filled with young men pf all classes and creeds. It stands on a historic spot, surrounded with the traditions of the days when the little band of devoted priests planted the banners of the church in this lovely valley, and laid the foundation of our present greatness. The original cross, erected in 1877, still stands before its portals. COLLEGE OF NOTRE DAME. The massive buildings and beautiful grounds of the College of Notre Dame, standing in the heart of the populous city of San Jose, in no way indicate the small beginning from which they sprung. In 1844 a band of devoted Sisters established a mission school in the Willamette Valley, in Oregon. In 1851 other Sisters of the Order started from Cincinnati to join in the work on the Willamette. They were to come by way of the Isthmus, and Sister Loyola of Nouvain, and Sister Mary of Nismes, came down from Oregon to San Francisco to meet them. Finding that they would be compelled to wait some time for the arrival of the vessel from Panama, these Sisters accepted the hospitality of Mr. Martin Murphy, and became his guests at his ranch near Mountain View. They looked through the valley and were charmed with its natural beauties and advantages. At this time Father Nobili was laying the foundations of Santa Clara College. He suggested that the Sisters should establish an educational institution here, and these suggestions were supplemented by the urgent entreaties of Mr. Murphy and other citizens. The Sisters were easily persuaded. They chose the present site for their buildings, purchasing at first a tract of ground ioi^xi37|- feet. There was no Santa Clara Street then, and no improvements near them. San Jose had but t\\ enty-six houses, and they were nearly all on Market Street, or further east. The ground was grown up with mustard and weeds, through which an acequia, or water-ditch, flowed slug- gishly. The only improvements were three adobe walls with a tile roof Whether or not the Sisters knew it at the time, they made a very shrewd selec- tion, the old mustard patch having become immensely valuable. Having made their choice of location, they did not delay their work. Mr. Goodrich, the architect, was employed, and by August their school was in operation. From this small beginning has risen one of the grandest educational institutions in the Union. The foundations of the present main building were laid in 1854, and the Sisters have added buildings from year to year, until they have reached their present dimensions. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 145 UNIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC. This institution was established in 1851, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church. For the first few years of its existence it had a hard strug- gle for hfe. It occupied buildings in the town of Santa Clara, working, watching, and waiting for a re- ward for its labors. In 1866 the tract of land on the Alameda, known as the University tract, was subdi- vided into lots, with a site for the University reserved in the center. In 1871 the first building was com- pleted and the University established in its perma- nent home. The expense of the building absorbed all the funds, and the question of meeting current ex- penses and maintaining the efficiency of the institu- tion was a nightmare that continually haunted the trustees. In 1872, at the General Conference held in San Jose, a desperate effort was made for salvation. Eloquent appeals were made to the members of the Conference, and to the lay brethren, and to the friends of education generally. The result was that different sums were pledged by individuals, sufficient in the aggregate to make up a respectable endowment. With this the institution took a new lease of life and has prospered ever since. A new building, to bg used as a boarding-house, was soon erected, and this was followed with other and more pretentious improve- ments. The first college class graduated from a classical course in the State of California was sent out from this institution in 1858. Hon. Thomas H. Laine, of San Jose, was a member of this class. The college course is open to males and females alike. The curriculum is complete, and the high position in the various walks of life taken by its alumni fully demonstrates the thoroughness of its discipline. GARDEN CITY BUSINESS COLLEGE AND ACADEMY. Prof H. B. Worcester, proprietor of the Garden City Business College and Academy, came to San Jose in the fall of 1876, and took charge of the Busi- ness College Department of the San Jose Institute for one term; and in January, 1877, opened a school for instruction in book-keeping, and for business train- ing, in his own private parlors. Eight years before, in 1869, Prof James Vinsouhaler established a commer- cial college in San Jose, which he conducted success- fully until his death, in the spring of 1876. The business college was then connected with the Insti- tute, changing the name to Institute Business Col- lege. But the combination proved unsuccessful, and the school soon went down. After the collapse of the institute, Professor Worcester leased its building on 19 First and Devine Streets, in which he carried on his young and growing school till near the close of 1878. He then leased the hall in the Farmers' Union Build- ing, corner of Santa Clara and San Pedro Streets, and removed his school to it. There was at first con- siderable unoccupied room in the large hall, forty by eighty feet in area, but under the professor's able man- agement it soon grew to the full capacity of the hall. Still thinking to improve and enlarge the facilities of the college, Professor Worcester leased the still more commodious quarters the college now occupies, known as Commercial Hall, at 59 South Market Street. The room is one hundred feet square, and is divided into a lecture-room, school-room, recitation-rooms and office. It is admirably lighted and in every way well adapted for the purpose, and is fitted up and fur- nished with all the furniture and appliances of a first- class commercial college, including desks and sittings for a hundred students. The attendance during the school year numbers from one hundred and fifty to two hundred. The business course embraces book- keeping, penmanship, arithmetic, business paper, com- mercial law, business correspondence, business prac- tice, lectures, and reading. The academic course in- cludes such studies and instruction as will fit the pupils to enter any of the literary colleges or universi- ties. Many of the graduates from the Garden City Business College are filling prominent positions in banks and other large business establishments. After obtaining his early education, Professor Wor- cester enlisted in the U S. Army, from which he was discharged at the end of two years' service on account of ill health. He took a course in Bryant & Strat- tan's Business College, and entered upon a career of twelve years of practical business life, at the end of which he was tendered the principalship of the Aurora Business College, in Aurora, Illinois. He filled this position from 187.3 till 1875, when he resigned to come to California, to recover his wife's failing health. As an instructor in the school-room Professor Worcester has few equals. His methods are original, and his power to present facts and impart knowledge to the receptive mind, is peculiarly striking and impressive. LELAND STANFORD, JR., UNIVERSITY. In 1884 Senator Leland Stanford announced his intention of founding an institution of learning, as a monument to the memory of his deceased son, and to endow it with property valued, at that time, at $10,- 000,000. The location selected for this great univer- sity was the famous Palo Alto Rancho, in the northern 14G PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." part of Santa Clara County. It was to be as com- plete in its scope as any of the noted universities of the Old World, with the modern idea of a thorough technical education in all the departments of art, me- chanics, agriculture, and horticulture. This idea was elaborated by consultation with eminent men, and on the twenty-first day of May, 1887, the corner-stone of the great institution was laid in the presence of the prominent men of the State. In the meantime the value of the property, constituting the endowment, had increased to nearly double the first estimate, and, with the rapid growth of the State, will be worth over $20,000,000 by the time the university is ready to re- ceive students. With this magnificent fund there will be no limit to the usefulness of the institution. It is not the province of this work to describe the buildings, which are of the most substantial character, and will endure when this book is forgotten. The work is being pushed rapidly forward by skilled workmen. V Ir «*^ f ^ ^ . hr lib CITY OF SAN JOSE. IT was two years after the close of the war with Mexico and the cession of Alta California, before the city of San Jose had a government under the American system. Up to that time the Alcalde had been the chief executive officer, and the Ayuntamiento, or Town Council, had been the legislative body for the pueblo. This was the Spanish method, and had been continued by the Americans, who retained the system, but selected their own countrymen for Alcalde and members of the Ayuntamiento. An act to incorporate the city of San Jose was passed by the Legislature March 27, 1850, by which it was directed that the city government should con- sist of a mayor and seven councilmen, who were designated a "body politic and corporate," under the name of "The Mayor and Common Council of the City of San Jose." This name is still retained, notwithstanding all the changes that have been made in the charter since that time. By this act the city limits were fixed as follows: "Beginning on the east bank of the Coyote River, two miles south of the center of Washington Square, in the pueblo of San Jose, and running due west to the west bank of the San Jose River (Guadaloupe); thence following down the bank of said/ river to a point four miles distant in a straight line; thence due east to the east bank of the Coyote River; thence up the bank of said river to the place of beginning." The act also provided that an election for city officers should be held on the second Monday of April, and in each year thereafter. The election resulted in the choice of Josiah Belden as mayor, and F. B. Clement, Benj. Cory, James D. Curl, John H. Garrison, Peter Shereback, Julian Hanks, and William Foster, as councilmen. The first building used as a City Hall was the old juzgado, but in 1850 this building was torn down and the seat of city government was located in an adobe building on what is now Lightston Alley, where it remained until the City Hall on Market Street was completed, in 1855. The first city tax was levied July 11, 1850, and was one per cent on the assessed value of all property. The first council voted themselves pay at the rate of sixteen dollars per day, against the protest of Benj. Cory. This pay ordinance was repealed in December of the same year. Dr. Cory presenting the motion for repeal, in which he was sustained by the almost unan- imous sentiment of the people, and a bare majority of the common council. The first order looking to the improvement of streets was on December 2, 1850, which provided for sidewalks on First Street, from the north end of the City Hotel to San Fernando Street; on Santa Clara Street, from First to Market; on Market, from Santa Clara to San Fernando; on the south side of San Fernando, from Market to First; on San Jose Street, from south end of the legislative hall to San Fernando Street. These sidewalks were to be of "the best inch- and-quarter pine, red or fir wood, with well-made gravel crossings, and of five feet in width;" one-half the expense to be borne by the property owners. The income of the city for the first year of its in- corporation was $37,359.30, and its expenditures amounted to $37,106.04. The expenses included a debt of $7,500 handed down to it from the Ayunta- miento of the previous year. There was considerable difficulty in straightening out the complications arising from the purchase of the property known as the State House, as related in a previous chapter. The city, having purchased it from the trustees, Aram, Belden, and Reed, had it on hands when the capital was removed from San Jose. Soon after that event, the city sold it to the county for the location of county buildings. The trustees, not hav- ing been paid, asserted a claim, and there were also filed on the building mechanics' liens to a large (147) 14S PEN PICTIWES FROM THE ''GARDEN OF THE WORLD" amount. The title was sought to be clouded in all directions, and was so tangled up that it was not until 1853 that the sale to the county was fully completed. There seemed to have been an understanding that the money received from the county should be paid to the trustees, Messrs. Aram, Belden, and Reed, but this was not done; hence the litigation related in our chapter on land titles. The city was divided into four wards in April, 1853, and a fire warden appointed for each ward. An ap- propriation of $2,000 for fire apparatus was also made. In 1855 the office of captain of police was created, and delegates to the Fire Department were also pro- vided for. April 16, 1855, the mayor and common council held its first session in the new City Hall, on Market Street. In the earlier years of the city's existence it was compelled to struggle with a large debt, which, be- ginning with the burden imposed by the preparations for the first Legislature (a legacy from the old Ayun- tamiento), increased from year to year. The high prices of materials and labor rendered any kind of public improvements a costly undertaking, while the small amount of taxable property gave an income much too small for the necessities of the young mu- nicipality. Warrants on the city treasury were not paid, for want of funds, and as each year's tax was col- lected disputes arose as to whether it should be ap- plied to the whole floating debt pro rata, or each warrant paid in full in order of its issuance. How- ever this question might be decided, it was sure to give dissatisfaction to a large number of citizens. Added to this was the more serious trouble of provid- ing for the absolute wants of the city. People would neither furnish materials nor perform labor for city warrants without adding to the current prices a sum sufficient to cover interest for an indefinite time. As the usual rate of interest in those days was three per cent per month, the debt increased with race-horse speed, while the income came in halting at a snail's pace. Finally, in 1856, the Legislature passed an act authorizing the city to fund its floating debt by the issuance of bonds to the amount of $40,000, to bear interest at the rate of twelve per cent per annum. To perform this work the ma3'or, president of the council, and city treasurer were constituted a "Board of Commissioners of the Funded Debt of the City of San Jose." The existence of this Board was limited to the following July. They issued a portion of the bonds provided for, which gave a temporary relief ; but in 1858 the city was again in financial straits, and the Legislature again came to its aid. By an act passed in that year it revived the Board of Fund Commis- sioners, appointing on the Board Wm. Daniels, Thos. Fallon, and James C. Cobb, vacancies to be filled by appointment by the city trustees. The new Board was authorized to issue bonds enough to cover the full amount of $40,000 provided by the former act, and, to assist in the payment of these bonds, the city trustees were authorized to convey to these commis- sioners all the city's right and title to the pueblo lands and other property. The bonds were to be paid by 1 866. It was under this act that the proceedings were had which are related in our chapter on land titles, and which resulted in the confirmation to the city of the large body of pueblo lands, and which enabled the commissioners to extinguish the entire indebtedness of the city. This latter event was accomplished in 1865. This financial experience of the city was the cause of incorporating in one of the early charters a provision to the effect that the common council should create no debt upon the credit of the city. For more than twenty-two years this proposition was adhered to, and San Jose was the only city of its class in the Union that had no debt of any kind whatever. A public meeting of citizens was held January 24, 1857, to take measures towards reconstructing the city charter. It was declared the opinion of the meet- ing that the old charter should be abolished. A com- mittee was appointed to draft a new charter. At a subsequent meeting Wm. Matthews presented amend- ments to the old charter, which were adopted. An act embodying these amendments was passed by the Legislature, but vetoed by the Governor; but, March 27, another act was passed, which the Governor signed, and the new charter was accomplished. Un- der the new system, the government of the city was vested in five trustees, a treasurer, a clerk and asses- sors, and a collector. An ordinance authorizing Geo. Wheeler and John Ashley to lay gas-pipes in the streets was passed January 11, 1858. Nothing ever came of this enter- prise. In July, i860, James Hagan secured a franchise from the city for this purpose. On the twenty-first day of January, 1861, the first lights were given. This is the origin of the present San Jose Gas Company, There were then only eighty-four consumers and seven street lights. The consumption of gas for the first year was one hundred and sixty-five thousand PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 149 cubic feet, which consumed three thousand six hun- dred and fifty tons of coal in its manufacture. Oak Hill Cemetery has been the burying-ground for the city since its incorporation, as it had been for the pueblo for some years prior to that time. In 1858 an ordinance was passed fixing rates at which the burial lots should be sold, and prescribing rules for the government of the cemetery. Adjacent property has been acquired from time to time. Jasper D. Gunn, who had for five years been city marshal, absconded, having embezzled $2,700 of the city's money. Gunn was tried and acquitted of the criminal charge, but his bondsmen were sued by the city and judgment obtained against them. In Burton's apportionment of pueblo lands, certain lots had been reserved for school purposes. These lots had been assessed for taxation, and had been sold, for non-payment of taxes, to private persons. In 1863 the common council concluded that all these sales were illegal, and sought to recover the lots. To this end it employed W. T. Wallace to bring suits in ejectment against those in possession, the fee to be $8,000. Immediately after this contract was made, the regular city election came on, and a new council was elected. The mayor in his message said: "The tenure by which these lots and land are held is known to you all. It is known that the city did adopt pre- liminary measures to set apart this land for school purposes; but it is further known that all the acts of our city government, from that time up to the action of our late council, have been of such a character as to afford the most undoubted evidence that it did not consider that 'setting apart' of said lots and land as legal or morally binding upon itself; hence they had taxed them, and caused them to be sold for the. payment of taxes. The common council and the commissioners of the Funded Debt have sold, and by deed vested individuals with full ownership of, a large part of this land, and, so far as plighted faith and the sacredness of moral obligations can be binding upon a municipality hke ours, the individual rights to this land and these lots thus derived, vested, and secured, ought to be held forever undoubted and inviolate." The council was of the same opinion, and canceled the contract with Wallace. He brought suit against the city to recover his fee. He secured a judggient in the Third District Court, but the city appealed to the Supreme Court, which reversed this judgment, and the plaintiff recovered nothing. Donald McKenzie was granted permission, in May, 1864, to lay water-pipes in the streets of the city. This was the beginning of the San Jose Water Com- pany. In 1866 Washington and St. James' Squares were fenced, and Market Plaza graded. The latter square was afterward finely improved, but the location of Chinatown, on San Jose Street, prevented its being a popular resort. In 1879 an act was passed by the Legislature authorizing the city to open Market Street through the plaza, and close San Jose and Guadaloupe Streets, and sell the vacant lands adjoining Market Street as opened. There was so much opposition to this that the street commissioner saw fit to accomplish his work in the dark. The people awoke one morn- ing to find the trees and shrubbery in the line of the street cut down and destroyed. The square remained in a dilapidated condition for several years. Finally the street was improved, but none of the adjoining lots were sold. It was selected, after the burning of Chinatown, in 1887, as the site for the new City Hall. The heirs of Antonio Maria Pico have, from time to time, claimed this property on the ground that it was granted to the pueblo by their ancestor to be used as a plaza, and was forfeited when that use ceased. The claim of the Pico heirs has never caused any uneasiness in regard to the title to the square. Some spasmodic attempts were made toward the improvement of Washington Square, but, besides inclosing it with a wooden fence, in 1866, planting a few trees and making a circular drive in 1869, nothing of moment was accomplished. In 1871 it was granted to the State as a site for the Normal School, and has been under that jurisdiction ever since. The improvement of St. James' Square was more vigorously pressed. In 1869, some of the trees hav- ing been planted two years previously, a systematic system was adopted. The grounds were laid out into walks, grass was planted, and a superintendent was employed. This system was modified and im- proved in the winter of 1887-88, when it was brought to its present beautiful condition. In a work of this character it would be neither profitable nor interesting to record, in detail, all the work of the city government during its existence. The city records are sufficiently full and explicit to afford all necessary information in this regard. While it was considered a remarkably good thing to be able to say that the city owed no one a penny, the clause in the charter forbidding the council to create any debt often became a cause of embarrassment to the city government. Tl^e rapid growth of the city 150 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." created a demand for extraordinary expenses, which could not be made without a large increase in the rate of taxation. The channels, of the streams needed to be improved, so as to prevent overflow. A system of sewerage was necessary, and there was a rapidly growing demand for increased school facilities. A tax sufficient to meet these requirements would have been a burden against which the people would have protested. An attempt was made in 1874 to break over the rule prescribed in the charter. A resolution was adopted by the council, directing the drafting of a bill to be presented to the Legislature, authorizing the city to issue bonds to the amount of $40,000, the proceeds to be used for the building of school-houses. The bonds were to run twenty years, and bear eight per cent interest. Nothing further was done in the matter, however, and it rested until 1880. At the city election held that year the matter of issuing bonds was submitted to the people, in connection with other propositions. These propositions and the result of the vote are as follows: To incur a debt to build the new City Hall — for, 842; against, 1,096. To open Second Street through St. James' Square — for, 192; against, 1,649. To establish a free public library — for, 1,232; against, 605. This disposed of the question of a city debt for another six years. In 1886 a proposition was sub- mitted to the people at a special election, asking for the issuance of bonds for the following purposes: — Public sewers $150,000 A new city hall 100,000 Iron bridges 25,000 Improvement of squares 7, 500 Improvement of streets 17,500 Total $300,000 It required a two-thirds vote to carry any of these propositions, and they were all lost. Within twelve months, however, the people experiericed a change of heart. The great tide of immigration that was flow- ng into the southern country had attracted the at- tention of the San Jose Board of Trade, which was making strenuous efforts to turn the stream in this direction. Another effort was made to bring up the improvements of the city. Public meetings were held, and the common council petitioned to call an election, asking the people to vote for or against the issuance of bonds for the following purposes: — Completing the mam sewer $150,000 Branch sewers 135,000 Building new city hall 150,000 Cross walks and parks 50,000 Wooden bridges 15,000 Total $500,000 The vote was in the affirmative on all these propo- sitions. The bonds were issued payable in twenty years, and bearing interest at five per cent. The bonds were sold to Mr. A. Sutro, who paid one-eighth of one per cent premium. Early in 1888 it was discovered that the election which authorized the issuance of these bonds was not held strictly in accordance with the statute. The irregularity claimed was that the notice was one day short of the time required by law. There was some difference of opinion as to whether or not this was a fatal error, but the purchaser of the bonds did not de- sire to leave the matter undecided, and asked that it be settled. There was a proposition to make up an agreed case, and submit it to the courts for adjudica- tion, and another proposition to call a new election, issue new bonds, and cancel the old ones. The latter method was considered to be somewhat hazardous. The people had three times rejected the proposal to create a debt against the city, and there was a chance t at a two-thirds vote might not be again obtained. A result of this kind would have been most disastrous, inasmuch as it would not only stop all the improve- ments that had been commenced, but would have been a breach of faith that would have destroyed the repu- tation of the municipality. This latter consideration, however, was not seriously entertained by many of the citizens, the majority holding to the opinion that al- though the people might be opposed to incurring a debt, they were not only willing but anxious to pay any obligation honestly incurred, and would not take refuge behind any legal technicality to avoid a just re- sponsibility.. This opinion was fully confirmed. A new election was called, and the proposition to issue new bonds carried by a practically unanimous vote. The new bonds were issued, and the old ones burned in the presence of the mayor and common council and a large concourse of citizens. During the last few years, preceding 1888, much in- convenience was experienced from the fact that the ex- isting charter was not broad enough for the city. San Jose had grown rapidly, and was developing necessi- ties that were not provided for in the old municipal constitution. The new constitution of the State, which prohibited local legislation, and the statutes enacted under it, prevented amendments after the old manner. Pursuant to the new order of things, at the.regular city election held in April, 1888, a board of fifteen freeholders were elected, who were authorized to frame a new charter for the city. The following-named cit- izens constituted the Board: L. Archer, C. W. Brey- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 151 fogle, J. H. Campbell, A. W. Crandall, G. E. Graves, A. Greeninger, V. Koch, L. Lion, B. D. Murphy, D. B. Moody, H. Messing, C. L. Metzger, John Reynolds, John W. Ryland, D. C. Vestal. These gentlemen prepared a charter and submitted it July 6, 1888. It will be voted on by the people at the next general election, or at such other time as the council may dictate. The city limits have not been materially changed since the first incorporation. Following is their de- scription as they now exist: Beginning on the center line of Second Street, at a point one mile and a half southeasterly from its intersection with the center line of San Fernando Street; thence running in a straight line parallel with San Fernando Street to the center of the Coyote Creek; thence down follow- ing the center of said creek to its intersection with a line drawn through the center of Rosa Street; thence along said line through the center of Rosa Street in a straight course to a point forty rods southwesterly from the west bank of the river Guadaloupe; thence in a straight line to a point in the center line of San Fernando Street, produced forty rods southwesterly from the said west bank of the river Guadaloupe; thence in a straight line parallel with Second Street to a point that a line drawn from it to the place of beginning will be parallel with San Fernando Street; thence along said line to the place of beginning. The division of the city into wards has never been changed since the order of the council in 1853, which created four fire wards, as follows: First Ward, north of Santa Clara Street and west of First Street; Sec- ond Ward, north of Santa Clara Street and east of First Street; Third Ward, South of Santa Clara Street and east of First Street; Fourth Ward, south of Santa Clara Street and west of First Street. In 1 884 the system of street numbering was changed to the present method, which is as follows: Santa Clara Street is the starting-point, being number one; thence north and south in regular order, in each di- rection, with one hundred numbers to each block. Each number is designated as being either north or south. Following is a list of all the city officers from the first election in 1850 to the present time: — 1850. Josiah Belden, mayor; Thos. B. Gadden, clerk. Councilmen — F. B. Clement, Benjamin Cory, James D. Curl, John H. Garrison, Peter Sherback, Julian Hanks, William Foster. 1851. Thos. W. White, mayor; Joseph Simpson, clerk; F. Lightston, treasurer; John H. Watson, attorney; C. E. Allen, assessor; G. N. Whitman, city marshal. Councilmen — Joseph Aram, J. B. Devoe, Benjamin Cory, H. C. Melone, Josiah Belden, J. D. Hoppe, J. M. Murphy. 1852. Thos. W. White, mayor; E. P. Reed, clerk; A. J. Yates, treasurer; F. S. McKinney, attorney; J. M. Williams, assessor; Geo. Hale, marshal. Council- men — Joseph Aram, J. B. Devoe, Benj. Cory, H. C. Melone, Josiah Belden, J. D. Hoppe, J. M. Murphy. 1853- Thos. W. White, mayor; E. P. Reed, clerk; Thos. Vermeule, treasurer; F. S. McKinney, attorney; E. P. Reed, assessor; Geo. Hale, marshal. Councilmen — J. C. Emerson, P. O. Minor, Benj. Cory, J. H. Watson, Levi Goodrich, M. W. Packard, J. M. Williams. 1854. Thos. W. White, mayor; E. P. Reed, clerk and as- sessor; Thos. Vermeule, treasurer; A. C. Campbell, attorney; Geo. Hale, marshal. Councilmen — Jos. Aram, W. M. Stafford, F. Lightston, J. M. Murphy, Chas. Moody, J. McGill, S. O. Houghton, 18SS. S. O. Houghton, mayor; E. P. Reed, clerk and assessor; J. H. Moore, treasurer; T. E. Soublette, marshal. Councilmen — Wm. Daniels, A. S. Beaty, S. M. Cutler, J. M. Murphy, P. O. Minor, C. Martin, R. G. Moody. 1856. Lawrence Archer, mayor; E. P. Reed, clerk and assessor; j. H. Moore, treasurer; F. S. McKinney, at- torney; T. E. Soublette, marshal; Eli Corwin, super- intendent of schools. Councilmen — Thos. Fallon, C. W. Pomeroy, S. M. Cutler, John B. Price, Levi Goodrich, J. M. Murphy, Givens George. 1857. In this year the city government was organized as a Board of Trustees, the president of the Board being ex-officio mayor. R. G. Moody, mayor; Chapman Yates, clerk and assessor; T. H. Moore, treasurer; T. E. Soublette, marshal; Eli Corwin, superintendent of schools. Trus- tees — Thomas Fallon, Wm. Daniels, T. C. Cobb, Marcus Williams. 1858. P. O. Minor, mayor; Chapman Yates, clerk; J. H. Moore, treasurer; Wm. R. Davis, assessor; T. E. 152 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Soublette, marshal; Eli Corwin, superintendent of schools. Trustees — C. W. Pomeroy, A. Pfister, T. P. Martin, N. B. Edwards. i8S9- City government organized again as mayor and common council. Thos. Fallon, mayor; VVm. R. Davis, clerk and assessor; Frank Grant, treasurer; J. D. Gunn, city marshal; Eh Corwin, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — C. W. Pomeroy, A. Pfister, J. M. Williams, James Morrison, R. G. Moody. i860. R. B. Buckner, mayor; J. V. Tisdall, clerk; L. P. Peck, treasurer, W. R. Davis, assessor; J. D. Gunn, marshal; Robert Thomson, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — J. R. Lowe, J. R.Wilson, Arthur Shearer, Adam HoUoway, S. D. Gavitt. 1861. J. W. Johnson, mayor; J. R. Lowe, Jr., clerk; L. P. Peck, treasurer; A. M. Younger, assessor; J. D. Gunn, marshal; R. P. Thomson, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — J. R. Lowe, W. W. McCoy, C. T. Ryland, Adam Holloway, J. M. Williams. 1862. J. W. Johnson, mayor; J. R. Lowe, clerk; L. P. Peck, treasurer; A. Campbell, treasurer; S.W.Smith, assessor; W. S. Patterson, marshal; C. T. Healy, en- gineer; L. Hamilton, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — E. J. Wilcox, W. O'Donnell, C. D. Cheney, Adam Holloway, Thomas Bodley. 1863. J. A. Quinby, mayor; J. T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; D. B. Moody, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; J. C. Potter, marshal; L. Hamilton, superin- tendent of schools. Councilmen — C. W. Pomeroy, Jesse Hobson, John Bonner, C. Yates, D. J. Porter, L. Magenheimer. 1864. John Quinby, mayor; J. T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; D. B. Moody, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; J. C. Potter, marshal; L. Hamilton, super- intendent of schools. Councilmen — C. W. Pomeroy, Jesse Hobson, John Bonner, J. M. Cory, D. J. Porter, L. Magenheimer. 1865. John A. Quinby, mayor; J. T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; C. Yates, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; J. C. Potter, marshal; D. S. Payne, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — C. W. Pomeroy, Jesse Hob- son, John Bonner, J. M. Cory, D. J. Porter, L. Magenheimer. 1866. John A. Quinby, mayor; J. T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; C. Yates, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; A. B. Hamilton, marshal; W. C. Hart, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — C. W. Pomeroy, Abram King, J. A. Clayton, J. M. Cory, D. J. Porter, L. Magenheimer. 1867. J. A. Quinby, mayor; J. T. Calahan, clerk and as- sessor; C. Yates, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; A. B. Hamilton, marshal; J. H. Pieper, engineer; W. C. Hart, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — China Smith, Abram King, J. A. Clayton, J. M. Cory, D. J. Porter, J. A. Leighton. 1868. M. Leavenworth, mayor; J. T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; C. Yates, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; A. B. Hamilton, marshal; J. H. Pieper, engineer; J. M. Littlefield, superintendent of schools. Council- men — China Smith, John Balbach, J. R. Hall, Charles Otter, D. J. Porter, J.. A. Leighton. 1869. M. Leavenworth, mayor; J. T. C ilahan, clerk and assessor; H. O. Weller, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, at- torney; Wm. Sexton, marshal; J. H. Pieper, engineer; Chas. Silent, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — D. C. Vestal, John Balbach, D. C. Bailey, Chas, Otter, D. J. Porter, D. T. Adams. 1870. Adolph Pfister, mayor; John T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; H. O. Weller, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, at- torney; Wm. Sexton, marshal; J. H. Pieper, engineer; W. C. Hart, superintendent of schools, Councilmen — A. P. Hulse, Frank Lewis, D. C. Bailey, J. J. Denny, D. J. Porter, D. T. Adam.s. 1871. Adolph Pfister, mayor; John T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; C. Yates, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; Wm. Sexton, marshal; J. H. Pieper, engineer; W. B. Hardy, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — A. P. Hulse, S. N. Johnson, Frank Lewis, Robt. Page, J. J. Denny, L. Krumb. 1872. Adolph Pfister, mayor; J. T. Calahan, clerk and assessor; W. A. January, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; Wm. Sexton, marshal; J. H. Pieper, engi- neer; E. A. Clark, superintendent of schools. Coun- cilmen — D. C. Vestal, S. N. Johnston, Frank Lewis, Robert Page, J. J. Conmy, L. Krumb. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 153 1873- B. D. Murphy, mayor; M. Maze, clerk and assessor; W. A. January, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; A. B. Hamilton, marshal; J. H. Pieper, engineer; E. A. Clark, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — D. C. Vestal, C. S. Crydenwise, Frank Lewis, John McCune, J. J. Conmy, A. Greeninger. 1874. B. D. Murphy, mayor; M. Maze, clerk and assessor; W. A. January, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; J. V. Tisdall, chief of police; J. H. Pieper, engineer; J. O. Hawkins, superintendent of schools. Council- men — W. O. Barker, C. S. Crydenwise, Frank Lewis, John McCune, A. Lake, A. Greeninger, W. F. Ellis, J. Lenzen. i87S- B. D. Murphy, mayor; Wm. Castle, clerk and as- sessor; W. A. January, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attor- ney; J. V. Tisdall, chief of police; J. H. Pieper, engi- neer; L. F. Chipman, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — G. W. Lowery, W. O. Barker, J. Swei- gert, Frank Lewis, D. Hellyer, A. Greeninger, W. F. Ellis, J. Lenzen. 1876. B. D. Murphy, mayor; Wm. Castle, clerk and as- sessor; J. A. Lotz, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attorney; J. V. Tisdall, chief of police; J. H. Pieper, engineer; L. F. Chipman, superintendent of schools. Council- men — A. L. Bascom, G. W. Lowery, J. Sweigert, M. Hale, Geo. B. McKee, A. Greeninger, D. C. Vestal, D. Hellyer. 1877. B. D. Murphy, mayor; W. N. Castle, clerk and as- sessor; J. A. Lotz, treasurer; J. V. Tisdall, chief of police; J. H. Pieper, engineer; F. E. Spencer, attor- ney; L. F. Chipman, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — Sol. Easterday, J. Y. McMillan, Theo- dore Gebler, A. L. Bascom, A. Greeninger, M. Hale, G. B. McKee, D. C. Vestal. 1878. Lawrence Archer, mayor; W. N. Castle, clerk and assessor; Jos. A. Lotz, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, at- torney; D. N. Haskell, chief of police; W. O. Brey- fogle, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; Jas. G. Kennedy, superintendent of schools. Coun- cilmen— B. H. Cottle, Sol. Easterday, Theo. Gebler, A. Greeninger, H. C. Kaiser, C. L. Kennedy, C. J. Mar- tin, J. Y. McMillan. In this year the city clerk ab- sconded and Charles Keane was appointed to fill the vacancy. 20 1879. Lawrence Archer, mayor; W. F. Ellis, clerk and assessor; J. A. Lotz, treasurer; F. E. Spencer, attor- ney; D. N. Haskell, chief of police; W. O. Brcyfogle, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; J. G. Kennedy, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — R. S. Carter, Denis Corkery, B. H. Cottle, S. Grozelier, H. C. Kaiser, C. L. Kennedy, C. J. Martin, J. Y. Mc- Millan. 1880. B. D. Murphy, mayor; W. F. Ellis, clerk and as- sessor; J. A. Lotz, treasurer; D. W. Herrington, attor- ney; D. N. Haskell, chief of police; W. O. Brey- fogle, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; T. B. Finch, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — R. S. Carter, D. Corkery, S. Grozelier, H. C. Kaiser, A. King, C. J. Martin, J. Y. McMillan, C. T. Settle. 1881. B. D. Murphy, mayor; W. F. Ellis, clerk and as- sessor; J. A. Lotz, treasurer; D. W. Herrington, attor- ney; D. N. Haskell, chief of police; W. O. Breyfogle, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; A. W. Oliver, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — H. H. Anderson, S. Grozelier, H. C. Kaiser, C. L. Ken- nedy, A. King, C. J. Martin, H. Messing, C. T. Settle. 1882. C. J Martin, mayor; W. F. Ellis, clerk and assessor; A. C. Bane, treasurer; D. W. Herrington, attorney; W. B. Shoemaker, chief of police; D. H. Kelsey, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; J. G. Kennedy, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — H. H. Anderson, A. De Long, S. Grozelier, V. Koch, H. Messing, Homer Prindle, A. Sauffrignon, C. L. Kennedy. 1883. C. J. Martin, mayor; W. F. Ellis, clerk and assessor; A. C. Bane, treasurer; D. W. Herrington, attorney; W. B. Shoemaker, chief of police; D. H. Kelsey, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; J. G. Kennedy, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — C. L. Kennedy, W. H. McCarthy, P. O'Brien, W. F. Hughes, V. Koch, H. Prindle, A. Sauffrignon, A. De Long. De Long resigned and F. E. Smith was ap- pointed to fill the vacancy. 1884. C. T. Settle, mayor; W. F. Ellis, clerk and assessor; John R. Wilson, treasurer; D. W. Herrington, attorney; W. D. Brown, chief of police; John Purcell, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; J. G. Kennedy superintendent of schools. Councilmen — A. G. Ben- 154 PEN PICTURES FEOM THE ''GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' nett, C. S. Crydenwise, C. L. Kennedy, V. Koch, W. H. McCarthy, W. R. McKannay, P. O'Brien, W. F. Hughes. 1885. C. T. Settle, mayor; Thos. Bod ley, clerk and as- sessor; J 00. R. Wilson, treasurer; D. W. Herrington, attorney; W. D. Brown, chief of police; John Purcell, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; L. F. Curtis, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — A. G. Bennett, C. S. Crydenwise, C. L. Kennedy, V. Koch, W. H. McCarthy, W. R. McKannay, G. W. James Fred Zung. 1886. C. W. Breyfogle, mayor; Thos. Bodley, clerk and assessor; Jno. R. Wilson, treasurer; D. W. Herrington, attorney; W. D. Brown, chief of police; John Purcell, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; L. F. Curtis, superintendent of schools. Councilmen — R. B. Dunlap, S. Grozelier, G. W. James, F. Zung, W. H. McCarthy, D. McGinley, C. L. Kennedy, Homer Prindle. Kennedy resigned and Geo. Evans was appointed to fill the vacancy. 1887. C. W. Breyfogle, mayor; Thos. Bodley, clerk and assessor; Jno. R. Wilson, treasurer; D. W. Herring- ton, attorney; W. D. Brown, chief of police; John Purcell, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; F. P. Russell, superintendent of schools. Council- men— R. B. Dunlap, S. Grozelier, O. A. Hale, D. Mc- Ginley, Homer Prindle, J. D. Roberts, F. Stern, P. Warkentin. Prindle resigned and G. W. James was appointed to fill the vacancy. S. W. Boring, mayor; Thos. Bodley, clerk and as- sessor; Jos. F. Columbet, treasurer; D. W. Herring- ton, attorney; W. D. Brown, chief of police; John Purcell, street commissioner; J. H. Pieper, engineer; F. P. Russell, superintendent of schools. Council- men— P. Warkentin, C. M. Schiele, F. M. Stern, A. B. Hunter, O. A. Hale, Geo. B. Dittus, John D. Roberts, Wm. Petry. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The first official action, of which we have record, looking toward the protection of property from fire, was taken by the mayor and common council July 1 1, 1850, when it established the first fire limits as follows: Commencing at the center of Second and St. James Streets; thence along Second to San Carlos; thence along San Carlos to the Acequia; thence along the Acequia to a point that would intersect the pro- longation of St. James Street; thence along St. James Street to the place of beginning, At the same time it was ordered that within these limits there should be erected no edifice composed of canvas, willow, cotton cloth, tules, mustard, reeds or other grassy substances, under a penalty of not less than twenty-five nor more than two hundred dollars; also forbade the mainte- nance of hay-stacks, unless suitably guarded, under a like penalty. The word "edifice," used in the or3er of the mayor and common council, seems a little out of place when applied to tents and huts, such as are here described. About this time a volunteer fire company was formed, called "Fire Engine Company No. 1." This was a misnomer, as there was no engine or other apparatus in the county. The company seems to have realized this, as in the same year it changed its name to " Eureka Fire Company No. i." The mem- bers made application to the common council for an engine. But as there was no fire machinery to be had on the coast, and the city had no money to pur- chase with i-ven if the machine had been procurable, the company was compelled to work with buckets and such rude appliances as they could reach. What it lacked in apparatus, however, it made up in en- thusiasm, and accomplished much good. The inflam- mable nature of the materials of which the buildings were constructed rendered it almost an impossibility to extinguish a fire, but this same frailty of construc- tion enabled the firemen to destroy connections and prevent the spread of conflagrations. The most notable fires during the existence of this company were the burning of the house of Samuel C. Young, on Third Street, supposed to have been caused by rats igniting matches, and the destruction of the old State House. The latter event occurred in March, 1853, and demonstrated the imperative necessity of more adequate protection. Prior to this time the city government seemed to think that private enter- prise would take this responsibility from the council- This opinion is based on a clause of Mayor White's message of 1851, in which he says: " I would respect- fully urge that a fire department be immediately organized, and, if necessary, that an engine and other apparatus be procured; but there is reason to believe that the public spirit of our citizens will render any outlay by the city in this matter unnecessary." Having thus relegated the matter to the " public spirit of the citizens," the matter rested until i8S3> when the council passed an ordinance dividing the city into four fire wards, and appointed the following persons as fire wardens: For District No. i, M. W- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 155 Packard; No. 2, Alvin C. Campbell; No. 3, A. S- Woodford; No. 4, Peter Davidson. At the same time an appropriation was made of $2,000 for the purchase of a fire engine, with hooks and ladders, the president of the council being authorized to draw warrants and orders in such sums as he should deem advisable and pay the same over to the com- mittee of citizens that should be selected by the people. As a result of this action. Hook and Ladder Com- pany No. I was organized in the latter part of 1853, and on January 6, 1854, it notified the council of its organization and asked for an appropriation for the purchase of apparatus. The matter was referred to a committee, which was instructed to confer with the foreman and draw up an ordinance covering the matter contained in the memorial. The committee was also authorized to secure the lease of a suitable lot on which to erect a building for the accommoda- tion of the company. The committee reported that Frank Lightston had agreed to let a lot for the nom- inal rent of twenty-five cents per annum, if the com- mittee would erect suitable buildings within twelve months. The lease was effected and the old engine house on Lightston Street, for so many years a promi- nent landmark, was erected. At the meeting of the council held June 26, 1854, new fire wardens were elected, and a committee was appointed to ascertain if a fire engine could be pur- chased in San Francisco. At the next meeting this committee reported that an engine could be obtained for $1,800, and that hose would cost $1.50 per foot. The committee also reported that four cisterns would be required, and recommended that one be located at the center of the intersection of Market and Santa Clara Streets, one at the intersection of First and Santa Clara Streets, one in front of the Mariposa Store, on Market Street, and one in front of Jones' Store, on First Street. This latter location was about opposite Fountain Alley. All the recommendations of the committee were adopted, and the apparatus purchased, at a cost of $2,546.25. Of this amount the citizens contributed $i,3S5, and the remainder was paid out of the city treasury. The cisterns were located as recommended by the committee, and for more than twenty years were maintained and used for fire purposes. The engine purchased at this time was historic. It had been used by the Volunteer Fire Department of New York as early as 1830, and was known as "Old 41," its quarters being at the corner of Delaney and Livingston Streets. Levi Goodrich, the architect, and Abe Beatty, the first landlord of the Mansion House, used to run with the old machine in New York. In 1850 it was sent to San Francisco, and sold to the engine company of which Senator Broderick was foreman. The city of San Jose purchased it from the Broderick Company. When brought to San Jose it was given into the hands of the Empire Company, and its name changed to "Empire No. i." It is now at the county almshouse. The city had now a very effective fire department of two companies, with what was considered in those days excellent apparatus, manned by the most prom- inent citizens of the city, full of that heroic enthusiasm for which the volunteer fire companies of America were noted. Hook and Ladder Company had a fine truck, manufactured by D. J. Porter and H. J. Has- kell, the woodwork being done by C. S. Crydenwise. A grand parade- of the department took place on New Year's day of 1855. Both companies assembled at the new engine house on Lightston Street, which had just received its finishing coat of paint from the brush of James Gourlay, a veteran fireman, who still lives to recount his experiences. A procession was formed, which marched through the principal streets of the city to the " brick church," at the northeast corner of Second and San Fernando Streets. Here Rev. Eli Corwin delivered a prayer, and Miss Mary Crane, in behalf of the ladies of San Jose, presented Empire Company with a beautiful silk banner. The department then repaired to the City Hall, where they partook of a bountiful collation, and passed several hours in speech-making and social intercourse. This was the first public parade of the fire depart- ment. After this they occurred annually on the Fourth of July. On the thirty-first of May, 1855, a disastrous fire occurred in the most populous portion of the city. The fire originated on a short, narrow alley east of Market and south of El Dorado Street. There were several other tenements on the same alley. Immedi- ately west of these, and fronting on Market Street, were the stores of Lazarus & Co., clothing and dry goods merchants, corner of Market and El Dorado Streets; the fruit and grocery store of Giovani Mul- inari; the vegetable and grocery store of Baptiste Soularis; the jewelry store of E. L. Veuve; the con- fectionery establishment of Madam Alviso, and the extensive saddlery emporium of August Schweeb. All of these suffered considerable lo s. The progress of the fire southward was somewhat checked by the 156 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." brick walls of the Auzerais Building, and this ob- stacle, with the heroic efforts of the little fire depart- ment, prevented that portion of the city from entire destruction. After the fire had burned down, the half-consumed remains of a man were found in the ruins. This fire, and the rapid growth of the city, dem- onstrated the necessity of further additions to the fire department, but it was nearly a year before anything was accomplished. In 1856 Mr. James Gourley, who had been on a visit to New York, returned, bringing with him a hand engine, which he proposed to sell to the city. The council agreed to purchase it if a company could be formed to handle it. This was no difficult matter, and in a few days a company re- ported as ready for service. This company was called " Torrent No. 2," and went into the depart- ment May 12, 1856. The old "Torrent" engine did good service for many years, and is now in the coun- try doing duty with a threshing-machine. It has "paid for itself" many times. These three companies constituted the fire depart- ment of San Jose for many years, and this apparatus, with the addition of new hose and a hose cart or two, comprised all the apparatus until 1865, when the present steam engine used by Empire Company was purchased by the city. This of course caused the old engine used by Torrent Company to present a very insignificant appearance, and the boys cast about for a better machine. Mr. Gourley went to San Fran- cisco, where he found a beautiful Hunneman hand engine for sale very cheap. He spent some time in testing its capacity, and, being fully satisfied, came back and reported to the company. Application was made for its purchase. The price was $1,700 cash, and the city only had $1,250 available for this purpose. The council finally agreed that if the balance could be collected by subscription, they would buy the en- gine. A meeting of the company was called and the proposition presented. There was a good deal of dis- cussion, the tenor of which was that it was useless to attempt to raise so large an amount. Finally Gourley threw $50 on the table, saying that it was about the last dollar he had, but it should go towards purchasing the new machine. Immediately the coin began to be poured on the table, and in less than twenty minutes the whole amount was raised. The machine was pur- chased and remained with the company until 1873, when the city purchased a Clapp & Jones steamer for the Torrents, and the old Hunneman was turned over to Franklin Company, which had lately been organ- ized. A few years later it was sold to the town of Turlock, where it is still doing good service. In 1855 the department, with consent of the council, established a Board of Delegates, by which it was practically governed. This Board consisted of a num- ber of members selected from each company. The office of chief engineer had been created and soon be- came a position of great labor and responsibility. In 1866 the department asked the council to provide a salary for the chief, but the application was denied on the ground that the city charter would not permit. The officers and members served from 1853 to 1876, a period of twenty-three years, with no compensation, giving their best service, and often risking their lives, for the benefit of the property owners of the city. In addition to this, much of the money required for their proper equipment was taken from their own pockets. In 1859 a fire occurred in the kitchen of W. T. Wallace's house, which then stood on First Street about where the John Stock Building now is. The Fire Department displayed such skill and energy that but a slight damage resulted. In recognition of their services on this occasion Judge Wallace presented the department with $1,000, which was placed in a fund for the relief of sick or disabled firemen. This was the beginning of the Firemen's Charitable Association, which was soon after organized, the members paying specified dues, and receiving benefits as they became entitled to them. In 1869 an act was passed by the Legislature incorporating the department, and pro- viding for exemption. By its terms a person who had served in the department for five years was entitled to a certificate which exempted him from military serv- ice or the paying of poll-tax. It also prescribed rules for the government of the Fireman's Charitable Fund. This fund continued in existence until the paid Fire Department was organized, when, most of the mem- bers having withdrawn, it was divided among the sur- vivors. There was very little left at the end to divide; but, during its existence, it accomplished a great deal of good, many thousand dollars having been disbursed for the relief of its members and their families. Early in 1876 the question of organizing a paid fire department began to be agitated. The city had been out of debt for many years, property had largely increased in value, and she felt herself financially stout enough to assume this burden. At this time the city had two steamers. Empire and Torrent; one hand en- gine, the Franklin's; two hose companies, the Alert's and the Eureka's, and Hook and Ladder Company No. I. Each of these machines were housed in build- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 157 ings owned by the city, except Hook and Ladder, which occupied a rented room near the California Theater. The proposition of the city was to take possession of all this property, and allow the old de- partment to seek other quarters and apparatus or dis- band. The Volunteers naturally considered this method of procedure as savoring of ingratitude. They had given, long years of hard service with no compen- sation, and objected to being summarily dismissed. The machinery which the cily proposed to take rep- resented many hundreds of dollars of their own money, which they had contributed for the general good, and, although the title was undoubtedly in the city, they thought they had some claim to consideration. They could not legally object to turning over the property and vacating their quarters, but they resolved to dis- band all the companies. The paid department was organized October 3, 1876, and just before midnight before the day the ordinance went into effect, all the companies paraded the streets, and when the last stroke of twelve o'clock sounded, left the machines in front of the City Hall and on Santa Clara Street. This was the last of the Volunteer Fire Department of San Jose, as intelligent, well-disciplined, and public- spirited a body of men as was ever organized in any city on the continent. We have omitted one or two links in the history of the Volunteers, which we will supply here. In the fall of 1870, Washington Hose Company was organized, and did good service, but, after a short time, being dis- satisfied with the failure of the city to provide either suitable quarters or apparatus, disbanded. In 1875 the people in the northeastern part of the city, needing more adequate protection from fire, organized Eureka Hose Company, and a house was built for them on Ninth Street near St. John. In 1876 Alert Hose Company was organized. At first they used the old hose cart of the disbanded Washingtons, but soon afterwards purchased a handsome carriage, which they still use. This company is made up of young men about town and does excellent service when the alarm sounds. From an old and defaced chart we have been able to decipher a few. of the names of the old members of Hook and Ladder Co. No. i. They are Joseph Mc- Gill, Jos, H. Munn, Calvin C. Martin, Isidro Braun, John B. Hewson, Wm. McGill, Joh 1 C. Emerson, Geo. Hall, William Cummings, Elihu Allen, Jos. Y. Ayer, Geo. M. Yoell, S. H. Bohm, S. H.* Covert, S. Waterman, Aug. Schweeb, P. H. Burgman, D. C. Chadwick, James Gourley, Joseph Easier, James D. Page, John Balbach, Geo. Lehr, Charles E. Allen, Chas. F. Wiley, Edward Woodnutt, Frank Lightston, Elliott Reed, E. P. Reed, Wm. A. Murphy, Levi Goodrich, D. J. Porter, Samuel Orr, Chas. Moody, Josiah Belden, Levi P. Peck, C. S. Crydenwise, John Q. Pearl, Henry J. Haskell, S. O. Houghton, J. H. Flickinger, John M. Murphy, J. O. McKee, R. G. Roberts, John Yontz, Hartley Lanham, Eli Jones, A. W. Bell, Geo. Allen, Thos. Soublette, A. J. Eddy, G. W. Warner, B. F. Davis, Wm. A. Munn, J. P. Cham- berlain, Frank McKee, Wm. Lowrey, John Mott, Sam Jacobs, John T. Calahan, Chas. Martin, L. F. Redfield, Geo. Pennington, Julian Smart, Narciso Sunol. We have also managed to gather the following names of old members of Empire No. i: — F. G. Appleton, A. S. Beaty, J. E. Brown, B. F. Brown, S. H. Brown, John Beaty, Thos. Brown, Geo. H. Bodfish, George Bego, M. P. Baker, A. C. Camp- bell, P. Carlos, Chas. A. Clayton, J. Cerinsky, C. Crit- tenden, C. D. Cheney, S. Dial, Wm. H. Dearing, Peter Davidson, N. B. Edwards, A. Eaton, R. Fisher, John Forney, M. Fisher, J. H. Gregory, Jasper D. Gunn, Levi Goodrich, Geo. Hale, D. Herrington, M. Hellman, Adam Holloway, S. J. Hensley, Geo. Hanna, James Hartwell, S. N. Johnson, J. W. Johnson, Geo. H. Jefferson, Richard Knowles, R. Langley, Frank Lewis, R. H. Leetch, C. W. Lander, Fred Malech, Herrick Martin, J. McKenzie, Philander Norton, B. G. Porter, Peter Pongoon, C. M. Putney, Peter Quivey, Wm. Runk, A. W. Stone, F. E. Spencer, M. Stern, J. M. Sherwood, F. Stock, M. R. Smith, F. B. Tompkins, Daniel Travis, Francis Thelig, WiUiam Travis, A, M. Thompson, T. Whaland, T. Williams, Wm. Whipple, George Whitman, F. Wood- ward, C. W. Wright, D. Yocham, C. T. Ryland, J. A. Moultrie. It is to be regretted that these lists cannot be made complete, and also that no records have been pre- served showing the membership of the other volunteer companies, but all books and papers seem to have been abandoned in the same manner as the machines were turned over to the city; but, as the city could not see the necessity of preserving the records, they have become scattered or destroyed. About the time the paid Fire Department was or- ganized the city also adopted an automatic fire alarm system, which has been improved from time to time. At the present time the department consists of Empire and Torrent Companies, each with a steamer; Frank- lin, Alert, Eureka and Protection Hose Companies, 158 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." and Hook and Ladder Company, with improved truck and elevating ladders. Negotiations are now in progress for the purchase of another steamer, which is much needed. The chiefs of the Fire Department under the vol- unteer system were, as near as can be now ascertained: C. E. Allen, John B. Hewson. Levi Peck, J. C. Potter, Dan Leddy, Adam Holloway, James V. Tisdall, Wm. Petry, and J. C. Gerdes. The officers under the paid department have been: — From iS^y to i8yg — J. C. Gerdes, chief; W. D. Brown, assistant; James Gourlay, hydrant inspector. From iSyg to 1881 — J. C. Gerdes, chief; James Brady, assistant; James Gourlay, hydrant inspector. Fro^n 1881 toi88'/SN. D. Brown.chief ; R. Hoelbe, assistant; James Gourlay, hydrant inspector. From i88y to present time — James Brady, chief; John T. Moore, assistant; James Gourlay, hydrant inspector. PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. Among the most important of the public enter- prises accomplished by the city are the improve- ment of the channels of the streams and the system of sewerage. The history of these two great works will be found interesting and valuable. For this history we have drawn on the official report of Mr. J. H. Pieper, the engineer who had the work in charge from its commencement to its completion. The necessity of enlarging and otherwise improv- ing the channels of the streams passing through the territory of the city was felt at an early date. In- undations of extensive districts adjacent to both sides of the creeks and rivers within and outside of the city limits during the "rainy seasons'' were of frequent occurrence, flooding a belt of land, at times, more than half a mile wide and in certain localities to a depth of five and more feet, causing distress and in some instances considerable loss of property to the people residing within the limits of the inundated district. It is worthy of remark, that the reports of the press of such occurrences, here and elsewhere, did not redound to the prosperity of the city of San Jose. The apparent, if not real, magnitude of the work contemplated, when considered in connection with the means that seemed available for the work, necessarily deferred its commencement. Moreover, there was no provision or authority of law existing under which the work could have been undertaken at that time. In the year 1870, however, a special act of the State Legislature was enacted which empowered the Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County to im- prove the rivers and streams flowing through Santa Clara County, including those passing through the city. Under this act the Board of Supervisors appointed Edwin Raynor, a civil engineer (now deceased), to make the necessary surveys, plans, and estimates of the proposed work. The engineer made the surveys for the proposed improvements of a part of the Guad- aloupe River, and filed his report with the Board of Supervisors of said county, November 6, 1871. On December 14 of the same year, a protest, signed by a two-thirds majority of the interested property holders (who were authorized by law to object to the further prosecution of the proposed work), was filed with the Board of Supervisors, and all further proceedings in this matter were thereupon ordered to be stopped by said Board. The next step was taken by citizens and interested property holders, by the presentation of a petition, addressed to the mayor and common council of the city of San Jose, April 22, 1872, urging the work of "widening, straightening, and deepening of the chan- nel of the Guadaloupe River within the city limits, and to take such other action as will secure the protection of lands contiguous to said river or stream from over- flow." In compliance with this petition the mayor and common council passed an ordinance, approved by the mayor, the Hon. A. Pfister, August 6, 1872, directing J. H. Pieper, city engineer, to make a survey of this river and to report the same to the mayor and common council, accompanied by a diagram map of the location of said stream and the proposed alter- ations of its channel. This survey was approved November '3, 1873; but, in the absence of authority on the part of the city government to improve the channels of the streams as referred to above, nothing further could be done until after the enactment of a new city charter by the State Legislature in 1874. This charter enabled the mayor and common coun- cil to levy an annual tax not exceeding ten cents on the $100 of taxable property, and also authorized the city to cause improvements to be made on the streams at any place outside the corporate limits, whenever, in the opinion of the mayor and common council, the exigencies of the case might require them. Under this act the improvement of the channels of the streams flowing through the city has been gradually and successfully accomplished, until, at the present time, very little remains to be done. The work was commenced in May, 1875, at which time the mayor and common council adopted a reso- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." \r/.) lution authorizing the payment of ten cents per cubic yard of earth excavated and removed from the Guad- aloupe River, at such times and places as the mayor and common council should direct. This river enters the city at its western limits about two hundred and seventy-five feet north of Willow Street, and thence passes through the corporate limits of the city in a northwesterly direction a distance of about fifteen thousand and seventy-five feet. It re- ceives two tributary streams within the city; one of these is the Tulares de los Canoas, which joins the Guadaloupe at a point about two hundred and fifty feet south of San Salvador Street; the other the Los Gatos Creek, forming its confluence with the Guadaloupe about five hundred and forty feet north of Santa Clara Street. The channel of the Guadaloupe River was originally very irregular in width, varying from a minimum of about twenty-five feet in the southwestern part of the city to a width of seventy-five to one hundred and fifteen feet in other parts. In depth its channel varied from five to fifteen feet, its course being very erratic, turning abruptly from one side to the other. ^During freshets the river overflowed its banks, forming in various places side channels through ad- jacent lands, washing out the soil, which consists prin- cipally of a rich sedimentary sandy loam, to depths varying from one to six feet, and at one time, after a protracted rain-storm, sweeping and destroying several tenement houses. The aggregate fall of the river channel from the point of its entrance into the city territory to its lower exit, was found to be forty-two feet. This fall, however, was irregular and varied from one inch per hundred feet in the central part of the city, to more than one foot per hundred feet in exceptional cases in the southern portion of the chan- nel ; while, in its lowest part, from the confluence of the Los Gatos Creek northerly to the northern city limits, it had a more uniform grade of three to three and one-half inches per one hundred feet. The bed of the river consisted principally of clay, or adobe, wet, and in many places spongy and difficult of ex- cavation. In the absence of any definite data as to the maximum of flood-waters to be provided for, the problem to be solved was rather perplexing. But, taking the sectional area of the high flood-waters ex- perienced during the winter of 1868 as they passed over and across the railroad track, and from Orchard Street along the middle of Santa Clara Street and over the Alameda road to Stockton Avenue, includ- ing the sectional areas of the old channels of both the Guadaloupe and Los Gatos Rivers, a cross section of the entire volume of flood-waters was thus obtained, from which conclusions were derived that a tolerably uniform channel of one hundred and fifteen to one hundred and twenty feet in width between the- upper bank line, and having side slopes of one and one-half to one and an average depth of about thirteen and one-half feet, would afford the requisite capacity, and that these dimensions would be also fully sufficient for the channel from Santa Clara Street southerly to the junction with the Tulares de los Canoas, and up to the vicinity of the westerly terminus of Grant Street, in which section the grade of the river channel, as stated above, was much less than north of its junction with the Los Gatos. ..- From Grant Street southerly to the western city limits, the existing conditions as to an increased gradient admitted of a gradual reduction of the di- mensions of the proposed channel to a width of about eighty-five feet at its upper bank lines, as well as of a somewhat lessened depth. With these conclusions arrived at, systematic sur- veys for the improvement of the channel of this rivef were then made from time to time, and from year to year, as the means were at hand to do the work; the new bank and levee lines and grades were established, and the amount of the necessary excavations along the river-frontage of each of the respective owners of the adjacent lands determined by a proper system of cross-section levels. Many of the adjacent property owners gave the land necessary for this improvement, and did the work of excavation at the statutory price of ten cents per yard. Mr. Martin Murphy not only gave the land, but did the work along his line at his own expense. But nearly all the channel north of the bridge, at the crossing of the Southern Pacific Railroad, had to be improved under the contract sys- tem, and cost from thirteen to sixteen cents per yard. The entire cost of the improvement was $30,503.94. The Los Gatos enters the city about two hundred and fifty feet southwest of Santa Clara Street, and after a short run in a northerly direction unites its waters with those of the Guadaloupe, entering said river at an angle of about forty degrees. The former channel of this creek was confined almost throughout its en- tire length within the city between redwood bulk- heads, and had a width of thirty to thirty-five feet only. Its course, moreover, was exceedingly crooked, having the form of the letter S in its meandering ; it extended the length of one thousand one hundred feet, while a straight line drawn from the point of its IGO PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' entrance into the city to its junction with the Guada- loupe measured about eight hundred and fifty feet. However, it formed in this winding course, except in a single instance, the boundary between the lands of different owners, holding opposite sides of the creek, and to this fact and attendant difficulties in adjusting these boundaries, it is to be regretted, must be traced the cause of the somewhat unsatisfactory result of the improvement of this comparatively short creek channel as to its proper alignment. Under these conditions the work of improving this stream had to be done in a less systematic and de- sirable manner than contemplated at the outset ; yet the channel has been materially straightened as com- pared with its former course, and its width has been increased to about double what it was formerly, af- fording a capacity which will prove amply sufficient to hold within its banks flood-waters of the greatest freshets experienced during the last twenty years. The channel of this stream has also been widened outside of the city limits to a considerable extent, at the expense of the county of Santa Clara. Its depth within the city limits is about thirteen and one-half feet, and both banks have been secured by a wooden bulk-head, having a batler of four feet in this height, and leaving a water-way of about sixty-six feet, mean width. A length of one hundred and thirty feet of the new bulk-head on the easterly side of the channel, at an unavoidable turn in its course where the full force of the rapid current of the stream strikes it, was destroyed some years ago by flood-waters. It has since been replaced by willow fascine work, which, at the present time, forms a solid facing of growing willows, not likely to be injured hereafter by the action of the stream. A part of the bulk-head along the easterly side of the stream was built by Mr. John Auzerais, now deceased, at his own expense. The entire cost of the improvement of the Los Gatos was $2,992.50. The Tulares De Los Canoas passes through the northwestern part of the city, and joins the Guada- loupe a short distance south of Auzerais Avenue. Its entire length within the city limits is about six thousand seven hundred feet. It is an irregular channel, and varies in width from ten to thirty feet, and in depth from four to seven feet. Since the im- provement of the Guadaloupe River this creek has not overflowed its banks, showing that former overflows, especially in its lower course, were due mainly to " back-water " from the Guadaloupe River. The only locality upon which improvements were made on the channel of this creek, was north and south of the Duane Street crossing, where it has been reg- ularly improved for a length of about three hundred and thirty-four feet, by straightening its course and by excavating it to a regular cross section, having a mean width of eighteen feet by a depth of seven and one-half feet. Coyote River forms the eastern boundary. It has a deep, very wide and irregular channel along the city line, and there is no danger • of overflow at any place adjoining city territory. It has been found necessary, however, to protect its westerly bank, which reaches a height of twenty-two to twenty-five feet, and consists of a sandy loam, interstratified with sand and fine gravel from the action of the current. This work was done immediately north and south of the crossing of Santa Clara Street, during the years 1875 and 1876, at which time the bank had to be sustained by willow fascine facings and wing-dams, which have ever since remained intact, the willows now forming a dense living barrier, as it were, to further encroachments of the river at these points. The expenditures incurred for this work amounted in the aggregate to the sum of $2,449.70. There was also expended for a somewhat extensive break- water embankment, built about one-half mile south of the city, during the year 1872, the sum of $3,866.86, this being one-half of its cost, the other half having been paid by the county of Santa Clara. The em- bankment was built to avert the danger of overflows from the river at this locality, where its strong current during times of freshets made rapid progress in the destruction of its westerly bank, which consists here also of a sedimentary sandy loam and yields very readily to the undermining and abrading action of flood-waters. The total cost of river improvement to date has been $44,087.41. The main channel of the Guadaloupe, below its junction with the Los Gatos, has a carrying capacity of sixteen thousand cubic feet per second, which is ample for all purposes. The first attempt to furnish drainage for the city was made in 1867, when a wooden sewer three by four feet in size was built on Fourth Street, from San Fernando to Taylor Street, a distance of about six thousand two hundred and eighty feet. It was designed for- the purpose of surface and storm-water drainage, and to replace an open ditch which then existed on Fourth and other streets, and was built at the comparatively shallow depths of three to eight feet. In 1872 temporary sewers, consisting princi- pally of redwood box drains, were built in several mmm. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 161 streets and connected with the branches from the Fourth Street sewer. This arrangement was of a very temporary charac- ter, and in 1870 the city engineer, Mr. J. H. Pieper, was instructed to propose and submit a system of permanent sewerage for the city. This was done, and the present effective system was the result. Its cost was estimated at $200,000. The city had no money at that time available for this purpose, and the work was postponed from year to year. On several occa- sions it was proposed that the council ask for author- ity to make a loan, but the prevailing sentiment was against creating any debt. The levy of a tax sufficient to carry on the enterprise was as warmly opposed as the proposition to issue bonds. The matter stood thus for nearly ten yeai's. In the meantime the city had grown rapidly, and the question of drainage could no longer be postponed. It was resolved to begin the work and carry it along as rapidly as money could be obtained to pay for it. In 1880 ground was broken and the work was con- tinued with more or less vigor, according to the con- dition of the sewerage fund, until 1887, when the loan of $285,000 was made, $150,000 for the main sewer and $135,000 for branch sewers. Up to this time, however, the sum of about $165,000 had been expended and the system was in fair working order. The reason why the cost has been so much in excess of the original estimate is found in the fact that it is intended to build a covered sewer to the bay instead of the open ditch now used as an outlet, and to extend the .system over much more territory than was at first intended. It may be said that the loan of $285,000 was to cover new work not estimated on, or contem- plated in the original proposition. The main sewer is on Fifth Street, extending from San Fernando Street to the bay, a distance of nearly eight miles. From San Fernando to Taylor Streets it is built of brick, thirty-six by fifty-four inches in the clear, from twenty-one to thirteen feet below the surface. From Taylor Street to theoutlet sewer, near C. Younger's line, a distance of six thousand and sixty-seven feet, it is of brick, sixty inches in diameter and from thirteen to ten feet below the surface Thence through lands of Younger, Maloney, and Col- lins, a distance of one thousand five hundred and five feet, it is of redwood, and from seven to three feet below the surface. Thence to the Guadaloupe River, about a mile from Alviso, it is an open ditch. The location of the open ditch is now being changed so that it will open directly into the bay, and will be covered along its entire length. The branch sewers, except on Taylor Street, from Fifth to Tenth, and on San Fernando Street, from Third to Eighth (which are of brick), are of vitrified stone pipe. They now comprise a distance of over thirty miles. The accompanying map will show the location, size, and direction of all the sewers constructed to the present time. 21 ^.^.^^^^ ""^^"^^^^^ THE question of a public revenue became promi- nent immediately upon the organization of the county. There were no improvements or property to start with. Everything had to commence from the beginning. In this respect the county was in a worse condition than the city, which fell heir to all the property of the old pueblo, and which enabled it to not only pay all debts but left a very handsome sur- plus. The county had to create everything, with no material at hand for the purpose. Its necessary offi- cers were numerous and salaries were high. There were no public buildings and no highways, no schools, and, comparatively, a small property valuation on which to levy a tax. But with all these needs the new government did not propose to overburden the people with taxation. The first levy was twenty-five cents on the hundred dollars, with a poll-tax of two dollars and a half The next year the levy was fifty cents on the hundred dollars, with twenty-fivq cents added for building purposes. The year following, the levy was reduced to thirty cents, with five cents for buildings, and in 1853 it was again raised to fifty cents for general purposes, with twenty-five cents for buildings and five cents for schools. These levies were exclusive of the tax for State purposes. The revenue was far short of the requirements of the county. Warrants were issued that went to pro- test, and in 1856 a debt of over $60,000 had ac- cumulated. Then the aid of the Legislature was invoked, and an act was passed by that body and approved April 9 of that year, authorizing the county government to issue bonds to the amount of $67,500, payable in ten years and bearing twelve per cent interest. These bonds were issued and given to creditors in lieu of their claims, and thus the entire debt of the county was funded up to March i, 1856. These bonds were redeemed, as required by the act, in 1866. In 1 861 the county was struggling with the rail- road problem, and the people were willing to assume (162) almost any burden that might insure the building of a road to San Jose. Several efforts had been made to secure private subscriptions for the purpose of constructing a railroad to Alviso to connect with a line of boats, but all had been unsuccessful. At this time came the San Francisco & San Jose Railroad Company with the proposition that, if the county would subscribe for $200,000 of the stock of the company and issue bonds in payment of the same, the road would be built. The proposition was popu- lar, and on April 9, 1861, a law was enacted by the Legislature authorizing the county to make the sub- scription and to issue bonds payable in fifteen years, and bearing seven per cent interest. These bonds were redeemed as follows; The railroad stock was sold (as related in our chapter on railroads), to Messrs. Donahue, Newhall, and Mayne, and the pro- ceeds, $100,000, applied to redemption of the bonds. Five thousand dollars' worth were redeemed as pro- vided by the act creating the indebtedness. The re- mainder matured and were redeemed in 1876 by new bonds issued in that year. One bond of a thousand dollars was not presented for payment until 1880, having evidently been mislaid by the owner. In 1865 the Western Pacific Railroad Company asked the county to subscribe for $150,000 of its capital stock, under the provisions of an act of 1863. The people accepted the proposition, and bonds were issued payable in twenty years, with interest at seven per cent. Of these bonds $5,000 were paid, and the remainder, $145,000, refunded by the issue of what was called the "Redemption Bonds of 1885." These were issued in three series, to wit: — April 13, 1885 — $45,000 — 45^ per cent. Aug. 19, 1885— $55,000— 4 " Oct. 23, 1885— $45,000— 4 " In March, 1866, the Legislature authorized the county to issue bonds to the amount of $130,000 for the purpose of erecting county buildings. These bonds were payable in fifteen years, with interest at PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 163 twelve per cent, and were known as the "Court House Bonds;" $112,000 of these bonds were redeemed in 1872 with money received from sale of the W.P.R. R. stock, as noted in chapter on railroads. Four years later the Legislature authorized another issue of bonds by the county to the amount of $80,000, to pay for the construction of the jail. These bonds were payable in ten years and carried ten and one- half per cent interest. The "Court House Bonds" and the "Jail Bonds" were refunded in 1873 by the issuance of bonds to the amount of $130,000, payable in twelve years and bearing eight per cent interest. These new bonds were called the " Court House and Jail Bonds." At the time they became due there remained unpaid the sum of $56,000, which was refunded in January, 1885. In May, 1876, bonds known as "Redemption Bonds of 1876" were issued. The amount was $96,000, with seven per cent interest, and due 1890. The proceeds of the sale of these bonds were used to redeem the S. F. & S. J. R. R. bonds of 186 1. Of these bonds there is $48,000 now outstanding. In April, 1878, bonds to the amount of $31,065.60 were issued for the purpose of funding the debt due the estate of James Lick, for moneys advanced for the construction of the Mount Hamilton road. These bonds were known as the " Lick Avenue Bonds," and bore no interest. They were all redeemed in 1888. The new constitution, which went into effect in 1880, and the laws enacted under it, permitted all counties to fund any floating debt that might be outstanding prior to the first of January, 1880. The same laws also provided that, after January i, 1880, the county should incur no indebtedness in any fiscal year in excess of the revenue of that year. When this law went into effect there was a floating debt of about $95,000, principally against the several road funds, which the. supervisors did not fund. There was some misapprehension as to the full effect of the law, and while the expenses of the county were kept within the limit of the tax levy each year, the revenue was used to pay outstanding warrants in the order of their issuance. Thus, in 1883, the warrants issued prior to January, 1880, had been paid, while an equal amount of those issued in 1881 and 1882 were still outstand- ing. As the law was interpreted to mean that the revenue of 1883 could not be applied to payment of warrants of previous years, the Board was in a quan- dary. There was a debt of $95,000, with no means of payment under the law. Many meetings were held, and many suggestions made. It was finally resolved to treat the payment of the warrants issued prior to 1 880 as an error of book-keeping, and to consider the current debt as being the debt existing at that time.- This solved the difficulty, and bonds to that' amount were issued, payable in twenty years, with interest at five per cent. Bonds to the amount of $56,000, payable in twenty years, and bearing six per cent interest, were issued in January, 1885, for the purpose of redeeming the Court House and Jail Bonds of 1872. The bonded indebtedness of the county, therefore, at this time, is as follows, after deducting the amount of bonds redeemed : — Bonds of 1876 " 1883.... " 1885.... " 1885.... " 1885.... ; 48,000 Due, i8go 7 per cent. 77.000 " 1903 S " 50,000 " 190S 6 " 45.000 " 1905 4)4 '' 100,000 " 1905 4 " $320,000 This is practically the total debt of the county at this time, the law prohibiting the creation of any debt that cannot be paid by the revenue of the current year. The following tables will show the increase in the value of property in the county from its organization Unfortunately the records for the first four years have been mislaid, but enough remains to show the won- derful increase in wealth, especially during the past six years : — 850 851. 852. 853. 854- 855. 855. 857. 858. 859. 860. 861. 862. 1863. 864. 865. 866. 867. ASSESSOR. ASSESSMENT. KATE. . Books missing . Books missing T. S. Burnett — Books missing . J . H . Morgan — Books missing .W. Gallimore $ 5,355,074 $1 40 .John Bland 5,122,440 I 46 .John Bland 5,449,957 I 7o .W, H. Patten 4,504,328 165 .W. H. Patton 5,131,582 i 90 . W. R. Davis — Books missing .W.R.Davis 5.677.795 160 .D. M. Harvi'ood 5,012,670 i 60 .D. M. Harwood 6,038,376 2 00 .D. M. Harwood 6,129,012. 217 .D. M. Harwood 6,883,682 248 .W. O. Barker 6,955,103 2 870 871 872 873 874 87s 876, 877 878 879 880 881 882 .W. O. Barker .Henry Phelps . Henry Phelps . Henry Phelps . Henry Phelps . T. M. Lilly i2,o»8,9oi 2 .T. M. Lilly 31,322,426 I .T.M.Lilly 27,528,013 I .T. M. Lilly 31,707,926 I . Henry Phelps 29,362,646 I .Henry Phelps. 40 33 60 .165,987 2 9,306,752 2 10,674,926. 2 54 11,459,178 2 47 11,781,211 2 08 06 20 20 40 _ 30 28,175,269 I 65 , Henry Phelps 27,990,450 i 60 . Henry Phelps 27,603,240 I 60 . Hiram Fairfield 24,604, 121 I 50 .Hiram Fairfield 25,514,842 150 .Hiram Fairfield 26,018,127 150 . Hiram Fairfield 26,018,176 I 50 883 .. L. A. Spitzer (city property) 11,983,987 I 13 883. .L. A. Spitzer (country property) . . 20,554,589 i 45 ir;4 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Year. Rate. 886. Assessor. Assessment. .L. A. Spitzer (city property) 12,506,646 92 .L. A. Spitzer (country property). . 24,124,435 I 20 .L. A. Spitzer (city property) 13,951,654 95 .L. A. Spitzer (country property).. 26,344,537 i 20 .L. A. Spitzer (city property) 13,420,716 90 886.. L. A. Spitzer (country property).. 26,286,071 i 20 887. .L. A. Spitzer (city property) 15,510,691 90 887. .L. A. Spitzer (country property). . 28,002,830 i 20 888. .L. A. Spitzer (city property) 20,971,544 888. .L. A. Spitzer (country property) . . 36,313,408 This shows an increase, since 1882, of $31,266,676, or more than a hundred per cent. The property of the county, consisting of public buildings, grounds, etc., is estimated at this time to be worth about half a million of dollars. Thus it will be seen that the county has a very handsome surplus over and above its $320,000 of indebtedness. An item showing the rapid growth of the country is this: In 1887 the number of acres of land assessed was five hundred and eighty-nine thousand nine hun- dred and sixty-five; in 1888 the number was five hundred and eighty-eight thousand one hundred and thirty one. The difference, one thousand eight hun- dred and thirty-four acres, was subdivided into lots and blocks, and rated as city property. The number of fruit trees in the county, as near as can be estimated, is two million three hundred and fifty thousand six hundred and thirty-four. The value of the fruit crop was, in round numbers, two million and a half dollars. Acres of grapes I0,6l8 ' ' strawberries 509 " blackberries 127 ' ' raspberries 39 " wheat 23,721 " oats 131 " barley 26,997 " corn 215 " hay 49,265 Gallons of brandy manufactured 60, 125 " wine " 703,475 " beer " 1,270,140 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Up to the present time the development of the pe- troleum resources of Santa Clara County, and, in fact, of California, has been entirely the work of one man — Mr. Robert C. McPherson. He was born in Buf- falo, New York, May 6, 1840, and was reared and educated there. His father, John McPherson, was a Scotchman and had settled in Buffalo when it was a small village. His business was that of a beef and pork packer. In 1859, when the first oil excitement occurred in Pennsylvania, Robert, with his brother Angus, went there and operated until 1873, when he came to Cahfornia. At that time there had been some desultory prospecting in the southern counties, particularly in what is known as the Pico District. Oil had been found by shallow wells but no intelligent and thorough effort had been made toward a complete development. The work had been done principally by the San Francisco Petroleum Company, the di- rectors of which di.l not seem inclined to make ex- pensive experiments. When Mr. McPherson came upon the ground, his experienced eye at once saw that the prospecting had been of a very superficial character. Against the protests of the company and against the remonstrances of his friends, he com- menced sinking a well with the determination to reach the reservoir, which he calculated was at a depth of about thirteen hundred feet. After much expense and many discouragements he struck the oil-bearing sand at a depth of twelve hundred and ninety-five feet. The oil flowed over the top of the derrick, eighty feet high. This was the first deep well ever drilled in Cal- ifornia, and from it sprung the oil interests of Southern California. There was no lack of capital for the work after Mr. McPherson had shown the company how to employ it to advantage. He operated there until 1874, when he sold the controlling interest to Charles N. Felton, and came to Santa Clara County, where he had leased land in Moody's Gulch and vicinity. Here he commenced drilling in 1878, and up to the present time, has made ten wells. As a matter of history the operations at these wells are important, not only as to what has already been accomplished, but as a starting-point for future work. Moody's Gulch, which is a branch of the Los Gatos Canon, at wells Nos. i and 2 (which are about one hundred feet apart), runs about north twejity degrees east. Altitude at this point, eleven hundred feet. At the bridge a little above, fine-grained sandstones and shales strike about north sixty degrees west, and dip sixty-five southwest. Within two hundred feet east of this bridge and seventy-five feet or more above the bed, and still higher up the hill, is well No. 5. East of this and yet higher is well No. 8. On the opposite side of the gulch and about two hundred feet from it is Logan No. i. Altitude, about thirteen hundred and eighty feet above sea-level. About three hundred feet south, twenty degrees west, from Logan No. i, is Plyler No. i. All the oil obtained from these wells is a green oil, known as paraffine oil, and has a specific gravity of forty-four degrees. It is piped a distance of about a mile to the mouth of the gulch, where it is received in a tank that stands on a side track of the South Pacific Coast Railway. The first well, named Moody No. i, struck oil at about eight hundred feet. Unfortunately the detailed record of operations has been lost, but that of subsequent wells is complete. PEN riCTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 1«5 Moody No. 2 was drilled in October, 1879. It started in slate with streaks of rotten sandstone. At three hundred feet better sand was found, twenty-five feet thick. Then came slate and shale to the second sand, twenty feet thick, at a depth of six hundred and thirty feet. After this, sand very shelly with streaks of shale and slate. The third sand was struck at seven hundred and sixty feet. Here the well began to fill with oil. It was drilled to eight hundred feet, where it pumped thirty barrels a day. Moody No. 3 was a loss. It was sunk to a depth often hundred and eighty feet, and showed signs of oil and gas, but caved in and was lost. Moody No. 4 was drilled in August and September, 1880, and was started in shale and soft sand. At two hundred and sixty feet struck first regular sand, thirty feet thick. Afterwards streaks of slate and shale until reaching second sand, forty feet thick, at a depth of six hundred and eighty-five feet. Then streaks of slate, shale, and shells. Struck gray sand, twenty feet thick^ dark gray in color, at a depth of nine hundred and eighty feet, carrying considerable oil, estimated at ten barrels per day. After this, hard shelly formation all the way until reaching third sand, at ten hundred and forty feet. This sand is first-class oil-bearing sand, carrying pebbles. On sinking five feet into this sand, the well began to fill up rapidly, and in twenty-four hours there were three hundred feet of oil in the hole. At ten hundred and fifty-five feet struck more oil, which seemed to be increasing very rapidly. At ten hundred and seventy-five feet, the well made its first flow. At ten hundred and eighty-five feet it flowed one hundred barrels per day, flowing nearly all the time. From here to ten hundred and ninety-five feet the sand grew finer and harder. Drilled to eleven hundred and three feet, still in the same sand. Here the well was stopped. Moody No. S was started in slate. Struck first sandrock, twenty feet thick, at depth of four hundred and sixty-five feet. After this ran in slate and shale until, at a depth of six hundred and thirty feet, struck second sand, ten feet thick. Then ran in shale to nine hundred and thirty feet, where the third sand was struck, fifteen feet thick. The well here made two flows. This well was pumped for a while, but be- ing a small well and yielding only about ten barrels per day it was determined to go deeper. They went through slate all the way to one thousand four hun- dred and twenty feet, but there was no change in the yield. It was then shut down and pumped at seven hundred and thirty feet, yielding ten barrels per day. Moody No. 6 showed a little oil at eleven hun- dred and twenty feet. Went fourteen hundred feet, but the well was never pumped. Moody No. 7 was drilled in 1880. Started in slate. First regular sand, twenty feet thick, at two hundred and seventy-five feet. Then ran in slate and shale until striking second sand, fifty feet thick at six hundred and twenty-five. Afterwards in slate, shale, and shells. At nine hundred and fifty feet struck a stray sand, fifteen feet thick, with a little oil. After this, very shelly with shale and streaks of slate. At ten hundred and fifty feet of hard shells run into twelve feet of slate. Afterwards shell and sand. More sand, with oil and gas. At ten hundred and ninety feet, better sand with more oil. At eleven hundred feet, well began to fill up with oil. At eleven hundred and twenty-five feet, pumped thirty barrels per day. Afterwards drilled to twelve hundred feet and increased the yield to forty barrels. Logan No. i isa twelve-inch hole, drilled in 1880. Started in slate and sand. Struck first sand twenty feet thick, at two hundred and eighty feet. Then slate and shale to second sand, thirty feet thick, at six hundred and fifty feet. Then slate and shells mixed. At eight hundred and eighty-five feet, stray sand with some oil and gas. Afterwards more shells with streaks of sand. At nine hundred and fifty feet, more sand and better. At nine hundred and eighty feet, well filling with oil (two hundred feet of oil in the hole). At ten hundred feet, filled with oil. Put in tubing and pumped fifteen barrels per day. Drilled to eleven hundred feet, sand all the way, and increased the yield slightly. Moody No. 8 commenced drilling March 6, 1887. Started in rotten sand and shale. Had slate and sand to five hundred and ninety-five feet when struck first regular sand, twenty-three feet thick. At six hundred and eighteen feet got first show of gas. Slate from bottom of sand to six hundred and forty-five feet, then shale. At seven hundred and fifteen feet, shelly. At seven hundred and forty feet, second sand, gray, twenty feet thick. At eight hundred and thirty feet, shelly, with show of gas. At ten hundred and twenty feet, slate and shells mixed; a little show of oil with an increase of gas. To ten hundred and eighty-five feet, slate with a little shale. At eleven hundred and thirty feet, slight show of sand. At eleven hundred and eighty, slate. At thirteen hundred and eight feet, shale. At fourteen hundred and seventy-three, slate. At fifteen hundred and fifteen feet, very hard slate. At fifteen hundred and thirty-five feet, slate and shells 166 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." mixed. At fifteen hundred and sixty-five feet, not so shelly and more slate. At sixteen hundred and five feet, shale and sand mixed. At sixteen hundred and fifteen feet, some shells with an increase of gas, with some sand. At this point it was concluded to dis- continue work temporarily. Plyler No. I, seventy-three feet of rotten rock and then through sandstone to one hundred and eighty feet; then two feet of slate; then soft sandstone to two hundred and twenty feet; then two feet of slate; then sandstone to three hundred and eighty feet, the last ten feet being very hard. Sand continues with a streak of coffee-rock to four hundred and eighty feet; then hard sand to five hundred feet; then gray sand to five hundred and twenty feet. Slate and sand mixed to five hundred and fifty feet; then sand and slate to seven hundred feet; then shale and sand with a little show of gas; at seven hundred and fifty feet, a small pocket of water; at seven hundred and fifty-four feet, shale; at nine hundred feet, hard, gray shells with shale mixed; at nine hundred and fifty feet, sand full of yellow pebbles; at ten hundred feet, slate; at ten hundred and thirty feet, increase of gas; at ten hun- dred and forty feet, shale and light-colored sand; at ten hundred and sixty feet, shells; at eleven hundred and ten feet, gray sand twenty-six feet thick; at eleven hundred and thirty-six feet, black slate, very soft; at twelve hundred and four feet, dark shale with some sand; at twelve hundred and sixty feet, slate; twelve hundred and ninety feet, slate a little lighter in color; thirteen hundred and thirty-five feet, shale; fourteen hundred and fifty feet, slate; fourteen hundred and sixty-five feet, black slate; fourteen hundred and seventy-five feet, black slate and sand; fourteen hun- dred and eighty-four feet, some gas, slate soft and cavey. The well is not yet finished. The output from these wells up to 1886 was eighty thousand barrels. At the present time the yield is three hundred barrels per month, all of which is taken by the San Jose Gas Works at $3.00 per barrel. The wells have been pumped regularly three times a day since they were drilled. The machinery is run by two twenty-horse-power engines, the only fuel used being natural gas. Mr. McPherson says that there is every indication that natural gas in large quantities can be found in many if not all parts of the Santa Clara Valley; the character of the formation in the surrounding hills and the dip of the strata leave no doubt in his mind that a thorough prospect will be richly re- warded. At this time an effort is being made to in- corporate a company with a capital stock sufficient to make exhaustive experiments. IN April, 1854, a number of the farrrters and stock- raisers of the county determined to organize an agricultural society. A call for a meeting was made, and on May 6 of that year they came together at the City Hall. The call had been responded to with con- siderable enthusiasm, and the agricultural interests were well represented. H. C. Melone was chosen to preside, and H. Hamilton was appointed secretary. The object of the meeting was stated by Wm. M. Stafford, who was followed by others, all favorable to the proposition of establishing a county agricultural society. The prevailing sentiment having been thus ascertained, a committee, consisting of J. F. Kennedy, Joseph Aram, and O. P. Watson, was appointed to prepare a draft of a constitution, after which the meet- ing adjourned until the twentieth of the same month. The meeting assembled at the court-house at the date mentioned. The constitution presented by the committee was adopted. The following officers were elected: L. H. Bascom,' President; J. F. Kennedy, Vice-President; E. P. Reed, Recording Secretary; W. . S. Letcher, Corresponding Secretary; F. G. Apple- ton, Treasurer. Board of Managers — J. B. Allen, of Gilroy; Mr. Frost, of Fremont; James Houston, of Al- viso; Joseph Aram, Wm. R. Bassham, Dr. Langhorne, and Samuel Robinson, of San Jose. Committee on Agriculture — H. C. Melone, Oliver Cottle, Isaac Bird, J. R. Weller, G. W. Peck, O. P. Watson, and H. C. Skinner. Committee on Horticulture — Joseph Aram, J. F. Kennedy, William Daniels, Louis Prevost, and John Morse. There is no record of any fair having been held under the auspices of this society; but, owing to its influence, the State Agricultural Fair was held in San Jose in 1856. This fair was largely attended, Santa Clara County carrying off the honors. The first thoroughbred cattle brought to the State were ex- hibited at this time by Robert Blaco. Prior to establishing the agricultural society, a hor- ticultural society had been formed, and, after the State Fair, an effort was made to unite the two interests. On the thirteenth of December, 1856, a meeting was called for this purpose. William Daniels, H. C. Me- lone, and J. C. Cobb were appointed a committee to prepare a constitution. January i, 1857, the consti- tution was presented and adopted, and the society formed under the name of the "Santa Clara Valley Agricultural and Horticultural Society." On Feb- ruary 7 the following officers were elected: President, William Daniels; Vice-Presidents, Coleman Younger and Joseph Aram; Secretary, J. C. Cobb; Treasurer, R. G. Moody; Directors, L. A. Gould and Louis Prevost. The old agricultural society met on the same day and disorganized by the following resolu- tion: "That the treasurer be, and i'^ hereby, instructed to pay to each member of the society the amount subscribed by said member, provided he applies for the same before the first day of March next, and whatever remains in the treasury after said first day of March, to be paid to the treasurer of the Agri- cultural and Horticultural Society of the Valley of Santa Clara, subject to the disposition of the society last mentioned." After adopting this resolution the agricultural society adjourned sine die. At a meeting held July 2, 1857, it was resolved to hold a fair on the eighteenth and nineteenth of Sep- tember. A premium list was arranged and the fair held with great success. A fair was also held in 1858, but the difficulties attending these exhibitions made it evident that they could not be continued under the then system of organization. The society had no funds, but was obliged to rely on voluntary contributions for its premium lists. After much dis- cussion of ways and means, it was determined to in- corporate the society. Pursuant to this determina- tion, the passage of an act was procured in March, 1859, incorporating the organization under the name of the " Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society," and from this date runs the legitimate history of the society. The first officers under the charter were: William Daniels, President; Cary Peebels and Coleman Younger, Vice-Presidents; C. B. Younger, (167) / 168 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.'' Secretary; R. G. Moody, Treasurer; Louis Prevost and H. H. Winchell, Directors. One of the greatest inconveniences experienced by the society, both before and after its incorporation^ was the lack of permanent grounds on which to hold the annual exhibitions. A committee had been ap- pointed, in 1857, to examine into the propriety and possibility of purchasing the necessary grounds. This committee accomplished nothing; neither did any re- sult flow from the appointment of a similar com- mittee in the following year. But in 1859, at the meeting at which the officers were elected under the act of incorporation, a committee was also appointed to solicit subscriptions with which to purchase fair grounds for the society. This committee consisted of Gary Peebels, Col. Younger, H. H. Winchell, H. C, Melone, T. Bodley, H. Shartzer, and J. G. Gameron. Other members were added to this com- mittee from time to time. The struggles of the so- ciety up to this time are thus related by Coleman Younger, one of the pioneers of the society, and who always shouldered a large portion of the work, which resulted in its success: — "In the first place they had had no funds, no hall, no fair grounds; the Board would appoint their com- mittees to beg, and to sell annual memberships to form a basis for premiums; then they would have to cater for what we now call a hall, and for a piece of ground from some citizen for a stock fair ground; and, between the two, with other necessary expenses, they were in luck if they came out even. And thus it continued for years, until the old committees, or, in other words, the ' old war horses,' were ashamed to beg. Our first stock fair would beggar description ; but our fruits, grain, vegetables, and flowers, on ac- count of the newness of the country, excited more interest then than now." The committee appointed to solicit subscriptions for the purchase of grounds, met with good success- In two weeks they had raised the sum of $14,464.55. There were one hundred and ninety-nine original con- tributors, as follows : The county of Santa Clara gave $500 ; William Daniels gave $300. Those who gave $200 were, Martin Murphy, Sr., James Lick, Samuel J. Hensley, Josiah Belden, Philip G. Vibbard, W. M. Williamson. Those who gave $150 were Adolph Pfister, E. Auzerais & Bro., Calvin Martin, Thos. Bodley, Naglee, Peach, and Billings. James Murphy gave $125, and J. F Kennedy $120. Those who gave $100 were: Coleman Younger, H. G. Melone, Gary Peebels, Wm. B. Thomburge, Hiram Shortzer, Rowley & Adams, A. S. Beaty & Bro., William Reynolds, S. B. Emerson, William Mc- Clay, H. H. Winchell, G. W. Pomeroy & Co., W. W. McCoy, E. W. Grover, W. W. Hollister, W. M. Lent, John H. Cameron, John Young, R. K. Ham, Daniel Murphy, and S. P. Goburn. Peter Quivey gave $70. Those who gave $50 were : G. Mengarini, S. J., J. R. Lowe, Sr., Isaac N. Thompson, Aus. M. Thomp- son, Delavan Hoag, Henry Lawrence, Isaac Y. Brooks, Antonio Sunol, F. and J. Stock, R G. Moody, V. D. Moody, Morris Wise, S. O. Broughton, E. J. Wilcox, Adam Holloway, L. Froment & Co., W. H. Hall, L. H. Bascom, John G. Bray, Santa Clara Brewery, B. S. Fox & Co., S. G. Young, J. R. Weller, Louis Prevost, William Aram, A. Lervies, John H. Moore, J. C. Cobb, J. B. Van Nest, Louis Pellier. John Trimble gave $40. Those who gave $25 were : H. D. McCobb, Morgan & Johnson, Victor Speckens, S. S. Johnson, A. G. Erkson, John West, Horace Hawes, M. Jourdan, D. Gerdes, G. Colombet, Isaac Branham, John M. Mur- phy, G. W. Frazier, S. A. Clark, P. H. Burnett, C. T. Ryland, J. P. Springer, P. de Saisset, J. Cerensky, John Balbach, Williams & Winslow, A. Delmas, J. D. Gunn, Loewe & Bro., Levy & Bro., Leddy & Statsman, Haskell & Porter, Yocco & Bro., Pearl & Reen, Lilly & Bothwell, J.-W. Sims, William Matthews, E. W. Case, J. R. Wilson, Lawrence Archer, F. G. Appleton, J. B. Bontemps, G. George & Co., William McClay, N. Hays, John W. Hardwick, G. Brabaska, William Travis, Patrick Fenton, D. Williams, H. H. Warbur- ton, James Scott, Mark Hardy, T. S. Bradley, John W. Leigh, J. A. Quinby, Freeman Gates, John John- son. Those who gave $20 were: Wm. T. Wallace, Will- iam S. Letcher, Jackson Lewis, P. O. Minor, Henry Deatsman, James Houston, Madan & Fosgate, F. C. Franck, J. N. Appleton, Massey Thomas, C. D. Cheney. Those who gave $10 were: H. & E. A. Van Dal- sem, Joseph Bassler, and George Bego. Edward McGowan gave $8.00. C. W. Lander, T. D. Johnson, J. H. Scull, Matthew Mitchell, B. Bampard, James O'Brien, S. B. Mont- gomery, R. F". Herrickand Mr. Rich gave $5.00 each; J. L. Miller and Wesley Tonnar gave $2.00 each, and Juan Santa Ana gave $1.00. In addition to the above money subscriptions the following donations of materials and labor were made: PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 169 George H. Bodfish three thousand, six hundred and forty-one feet of kimber at the mill, $91; Green Hanna, hauling same, $37; J. P. Henning, two thou- sand and seven hundred feet of lumber at the mill, $54; W. K. Bethel, one thousand feet of lumber, $30 ; G. B. Blanchard, seven hundred feet of lumber, $21 ; Henry Jarboe, lumber, $25; F. A. Shepard, lumber, $15; F. S. McGirr, shingles, $23; Martin McCarthy, shingles, $10; Jeremiah Miller, flag-staff and sundries, $50; F. M. Fowler, one hundred and thirty posts, $20; Maffic, blacksmithing, $40; L. A. Gould, pumps, $75 ; J. Bass- ler, pump, $9; C. E. Campbell, lead pipe, $10; R. Fletcher, sashes, $1.50. The present fair grounds were purchased in 1859, of General Naglee, for $6,000, and the work of im- provement commenced. The tract contains seventy- six acres and is on the south side of the Alameda about a mile from the city. The trees were planted from 1872 to 1876, and the grand stand erected in 1878. This stand was built with money loaned by different parties who are to be repaid from the moneys raised by sale of seats. When this is accom- plished it will be the property of the society, and, we understand, will be made free. The society has held its fairs, annually paid ex- penses, and is out of debt, except for the money bor- rowed to erect the grand stand. All the best stock are shown at these exhibitions, and the best horses on the coast annually compete on the track. Up to 1880 the society drew an annual appropriation from the State of about $2,000 with which to pay premi- ums. In this year the Legislature passed an act di- viding the State into agricultural districts, Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties forming District No. 5. The act also prescribed the method by which District agricultural societies should be formed. When this law went into effect it stopped all State aid to the county society. This aid was absolutely necessary, as the proceeds of the fair would not be sufficient to pay good premiums and other necessary expenses. The society did not want to change its old organiza- tion to an organization under the State law, for fear it might in some way jeopardize the title to its real estate, which had then become very valuable. The only way out of the difficulty seemed to be to organize a new society under the State law and arrange with the old society for the use of the grounds. This was accord- ingly done, and the fairs have been held under the auspices of the San Mateo and Santa Clara County Agricultural Association, until the present year. The new society was formed from the members of the old one, and now have the same officers, with the excep- tion that the Board of Directors is divided. Following are the names of the presidents and secretaries of the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society since its incorporation in 1859: — DATE. 1859. i860. 1861. 1862. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1870. . 1871., 1872.. 1873.. 1874.. 1875.. 1876.. i87i . I 878V. 1879.. 1880. . 1881.. 1882.. 1883.. 1884 . 1885.. 1886.. 1887.. PRESIDENTS. SECRETARIES. . .William Daniels C. B. Younger . . William Daniels C. B. Younger . . S. J. Hensley William Daniels . . William Daniels C. B. Younger . .Gary Peebels J. R. Lowe, Jr. , .James F. Kennedy J. R. Lowe, Jr. . .James F. Kennedy Givens George . . W. C. Wilson Givens George . . W. C. Wilson Givens George . . W. C. Wilson Givens George . .W. C. Wilson Tyler Beach ..W.C.Wilson Tyler Beach . .W. C. Wilson Tyler Beach . .W. C. Wilson Tyler Beach . . W. C. Wilson Givens George . W. C. Wilson D. J. Porter .W. C. Wilson * D. J. Porter . W. C. Wilson Givens George .J. P. Sargent D. J. Porter . Gary Peebels E. K. Gampbell .W. G. Wilson , . ..A. P. Murgotten ,N. B. Edwards A. P. Murgotten .N. B. Edwards W. M. Williamson . C. H. Maddox .Givens George .J. H. M. Townsend T. S. Montgomery J. H. M. Townsend T. S. Montgomery .J. H. M. Townsend T. S. Montgomery .N. B. Edwards T. S. Montgomery . N. B. Edwards G. H. Bragg . N. B. Edwards G. H. Bragg .E. Topham G. H. Bragg The following are the names of the officers of the District Society since its organization: — PRESIDENTS. SECRETARIES. 881.. 882.. 885. 886. . . Abram King T. S. Montgomery . .Abram King T. S. Montgomery . .Abram King T. S. Montgomery ..W. T. Adel J. Hinman . .J. R. Weller A. B. Ellis . .J. R. Weller Geo. B. .Stamford . .J. R. Weller W. C. Morrow . .E. Topham Geo. H. Bragg 22 THE adaptability of the climate and soil of Santa Clara County for horticultural purposes became apparent long before the first American visited the valley. The Fathers who planted the Missions planted orchards at the same time, and found a full return for all their labor. The fertility of the soil was supple- mented by a peculiarity of climate that enabled trees to grow many more weeks in the year than in other countries, while during- their season of rest there was no freezing weather to chill the sap and delay their progress in the spring. It might be said that trees had a continuous growth throughout the year. The result was that a very few sea'sons brought orchards to a condition of fruitfulness. All this was demon- strated by the experience of the good fathers at the Mission; but, even with this experience before them, our early horticulturists were astonished by the re- sults of their efforts. They had been accustomed to sections where certain fruits would flourish and others fail, but here they found that nothing would fail. The peach, pear, apricot, apple, orange, and lemon, the olive and the tender varieties of grapes from Italy and Southern France, all flourished. It was neither too cold nor too warm for any, and the soil seemed to contain elements suited to the wants of each. What were the varieties of fruits planted by the Fathers at the Mission it is not now possible to ascer- tain in detail. Vancouver says that he saw, on his visit in 1792, peaches, apples, pears, apricots, figs, and vines, all of which, except the latter, promised to succeed well. He further says: " The failure of the vine here, as well as at San Francisco, is ascribed to a want of knowledge in their culture, the climate and soil being well adapted to some sorts of fruits." The failure of the vine, as related by Vancouver, might have been, as he said, the result of ignorance as to its culture; but if this was so, the Fathers soon learned the art of viticulture, for the old Mission vines are historic for their strong growth and abundant fruitage. As to their quality, so much cannot be said. They (170) are now a relic of the past, and although many of the old inhabitants contend that for a table grape they possess a flavor superior to that of any of the foreign varieties, the fact remains that they have been practi- cally discarded for wine-making, and that the reputa- tion of California wines has been built on varieties other than the Mission. This grape, however it may be despised now, accomplished a great object. It demonstrated the adaptability of our soil and climate for the growth of the vine, and, by giving confidence to our early viticulturists, induced them to expand their operations. The character of the Mission fruits, with few ex- ceptions, was about the same as the grapes. The olive bore a small fruit little prized for table use but rich in oil. It required a comparatively long time for it to come to profitable bearing, but never failed of a large crop when it reached that point. It is even now preferred, by many orchardists, to the finer varieties. The peaches and apricots were seedlings, and therefore of different kinds. At that time, when this was the only fruit to be had, it was all considered good. The only distinction made was that some varieties were better than others. Whether or not the apples and pears were seedlings we have not been able to ascertain. It is more than likely they were, as they have been generally classed under the com- prehensive term, " Mission fruit," and are different from the varieties originated in America or imported from France or Spain. This Mission orchard was the only source of fruit supply to the valley for many years, and for some time after the American occupation it held a promi- nent position. It was claimed as part of the public domain when California was ceded to the United States, and was taken possession of by J. W. Redmon. It proved a bonanza, the fruit selling at fifty cents per pound, while the yield was enormous. Some of the old trees are yet vigorous, although neglected for years and a prey to all the pests that have been PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 171 known to Santa Clara County orchards. The Mis- sion orchard and the Mission vineyard furnished stock for the few orchards that were planted in the early years of the American occupation. These plantings were few at first, owing to the gold excite- ment, but when the people began to return from the mines and give their attention to agriculture, the plantings became more numerous. The scarcity of fruit and consequent high prices gave a great stimulus to horticulture. Apples, im- ported into San Francisco, sold at retail for a dollar apiece, and other fruits in proportion. People thought that at half these prices there would be more money in a bearing orchard than in the richest gold mine yet discovered. This idea struck many people at the same time and many orchards were planted, princi- pally apples and pears. They seem to have over- looked the fact that there were comparatively few people in reach of their orchards at that time, and that there were no facilities for transportation to a distance; or, if they did realize this fact, they kept on planting all the same and trusted to luck. The first orchards planted after the American oc- cupation, with the exception of a few private trees, were by E. W. Case, William Daniels, and Joseph Aram. Case's orchard was of about 350 trees, and was on the property fronting on the Alviso road, owned by C. B. Polhemus. Aram's orchard was of twenty acres, and was situated about where the woolen mills now are. Daniels' orchard was about one acre, and was in the then northern part of town, on a tract lying between Julian and St. James and Market and First Streets. Part of the trees planted by these gentlemen were furnished by a man named Ganz, and were brought by him from Cincinnati, Ohio. They were principally apples. This was in 1852. In the succeeding year Case and Aram imported more trees from the nursery of Charles Hovey, at Cam- bridge, Massachusetts. Some 'of these old trees are still ■ flourishing and bearing large crops of fruit. Among them is an apricot tree on the Hobson place, formerly a part of Captain Aram's orchard, which is now thirty-four years old, a vigorous bearer, and a living contradiction to the statement that fruit trees in California are short-lived. In the spring of 1852, Commodore Stockton, who then owned the Potrero de Santa Clara Rancho, which lies between San Jose and Santa Clara, imported from Hovey's Massachusetts nursery,a large number of trees for the purpose of establishing a nursery. With these trees he also sent out a professional botanist named Sheldon, with B.S. Fox and Thomas Egan as assistants. Sheldon died on the Isthmus and Mr. Fox took charge of the enterprise, Mr. Egan assisting. With this party came also J. F. Kennedy as salesman and commercial agent. The nursery was established in April, 1853, and for some time was the depot for nursery supplies for this section. These trees consisted of apples, peaches, pears, plums, nectarines, and apricots. With this importation came also the first strawberries grown in this valley. In 1854-55 a Frenchman named Levalle imported fruit trees and planted them in both nursery and orchard form, on the property lying north of Julian and west of Market Street, now owned by Peter O. Minor. He planted about two acres, but after- wards removed the orchard to the west side of the Coyote, on the property now owned by Edward Mc- Laughlin. In 1855-56 he had a very large collection of trees in his nursery, which he afterwards sold to H. H. W^inchell, China Smith, and William Smith, and they continued the nursery business for some years thereafter. L. A. Gould and B. F. Watkins planted their orchards and nurseries at Santa Clara about this time. Mr. Ballou, who was at that time employed in the Case orchard, says that from the three hundred trees planted then, mostly apples, a few specimens were had in 1855, and in 1856 about eight hundred pounds were produced. Up to this time the only apples to be had here were the "Parrons," grown at the Mission, and which were very inferior. The fruit from the new orchards above mentioned was very finej far exceeding anything the orchardists had seen in the East. During 1856 the State Horticultural Society held a fair in San Jose, and from this the reputation of the Santa Clara fruit spread, and people came hun- dreds of miles to see it. Some of the old pioneers believe to this day that the display of apples had at that fair was far superior to any that has been made since. This of course is a mistake. They have be- come accustomed to the wonderful fruit of the Santa Clara Valley, and the novelty has worn off In 1853 a horticultural society was formed. The meeting for organization was held on the grounds of Louis Prevost, now known as Live Oak Park, under a live-oak tree. There were present William Daniels, Louis Prevost, Louis Pellier, J. R. Bontemps, B. S. Fox, and E. W. Case. The Pioneer Horticultural Society was organized, and nearly all the old-time horticulturists became members. The names of Jo.seph Aram, J. Q. A. Ballou, R. G. Moody, D. Devine, L. 172 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." A. Gould, and John LlewelHng appear prominent on the list of early members. In speaking of this organ- ization Colonel Younger says that, "during the balance of this year and the year 1854, they met once a month, brought in their fruits and flowers for exhibition, to compare and discuss their merits, and determine what fruits were best adapted to the valley. This was often most interesting and instructive. All were in- vited to attend, and many were enticed to these meet- ings to see the development of the fruit-growing ca- pacity of the valley. Many ladies attended and were richly rewarded; for, after witnessing the display of fruit and flowers, at the conclusion, these were divided among them." This Pioneer Horticultural Society afterwards united with the Agricultural Society, and in a short time lost its identity. In 1856, as we have stated, nearly all these early orchards had commenced to bear, and the quality of the fruit, and the promise of extraordinary production, gave these pioneer orchardists an idea of the resources of the climate and soil in this direction. Everything they had planted had prospered beyond their most sanguine expectations, and they were rapidlyapproach- ing the conviction that nothing could fail in Santa Clara Valley. Being in this frame of mind, they were ready to experiment in any direction. This year stands out prominent as "the date of the introduction of the French prune (Petit Prime d'Agen) to this county, and, in fact, to this coast. This fruit has be- come a standard, and will probably always remain a favorite with our orchardists. The history of its first importation will be interesting. Louis Pellier, a vine and fruit grower of France, had come to California in the winter of 1848-49. After trying his fortune in the mines, he came to San Jose in 1850, and purchased the tract of land fron|:ing on the west side of San Pedro Street, where the mills of the Independent Mill and Lumber Company now stand. This tract was formerly known as Pellier's Gardens; it is now the Pellier subdivision of the city of San Jose. Here he planted a nursery and orchard, and cultivated flowers and plants. His brother Pierre had come out a year behind, and was assisting him in his work. When Pierre came, he brought with him cuttings of some of the fine varieties of grapes, among which were the Black Burgundy, Chasselas Fontainebleau, Made- laine, and others. From that time to 1854, the experience of fruit-growing here had shown the great horticultural possibilities of the country, and all were reaching out for new varieties. Louis Pellier deter- mined to transplant the best fruits from his native land to his adopted county. In accordance with this determination he sent Pierre back to France in 1854, with instructions to go through Burgundy and other parts of the country, and secure cuttings and cions of the best varieties of fruit grown in each. This was done. Pierre, with another brother, John, who had not yet come to America, spent nearly two years traveling through France, gathering their stock. They returned to California, bringing with them a large variety of fruit cions. Among them were the petit prune, the gros prune, with many varieties of cherries, and pears, and plums. The petit prune was not at first very popular. The people preferred the gros prune on ac- count of its size and appearance. As the fruit-growers at that time knew nothing of drying or canning, but depended on selling their products green, anything which had an appearance of inferiority was at a dis- count. The cions were brought from France by the Pellier brothers, stuck in potatoes and packed in saw- dust. Immediately on their arrival they were grafted upon stocks prepared for them, and many lived. While, as we have said, the gros prune soon came into great demand, the little prune had no friends for many years. It was finally brought to the attention of John Rock, who recognized its value and soon popularized it. There has been great dispute as to whether the French prune grown in California is the true French prune of commerce. There can be no doubt on this point as far as Santa Clara County is concerned. It was brought from its home in France directly to San Jose, by people who had been familiar with it from childhood, and there can be no mistake as to its identity. One of the parties who brought it is still living, and the box in which the cions were packed is still in existence, with all the marks yet legible. Mr. B. S. Fox, who, as we have stated, came out in 1852 with the nursery stock of Commodore Stock- ton, severed his connection with the commodore the next year, and established a nursery of his own on the Milpitas road. This is now known as the " Santa Clara Valley Nurseries and Botanical Gardens." He had with him Thomas Egan, and the nurseries were first known as B. S. Fox's Nurseries. At first there were one hundred and twenty-six acres, and it was the largest tract devoted to this business on the coast; the acreage was still further increased by the acquisi- tion of more land, until it contained over two hundred acres. Mr. Fox was an Irishman by birth, and a thorough botanist. When he first came to America he procured an engagement with Charles Hovey, the well-known nurseryman of Cambridge, Massachusetts. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 173 When Commodore Stockton was looking for a com- petent man to take charge of his California nursery, Mr. Fox was recommended to him, and was engaged for the position. This was a fortunate circumstance for Santa Clara County. He was not only a pioneer fruit man, but a man of great scientific knowledge, and an untiring student. To his experiments we owe three of the finest varieties of pears now cultivated, the P. Barry, the B. S. Fox, and the Colonel Wilder, which have been placed in the front rank by the opinions of the leading pomologists of America. His magnificent orchard was developed from the nursery, and was not planted so much for growing fruit for profit as to test the varieties which he was offering for sale. To his enthusiasm Santa Clara County owes much of her early horticultural develop- ment. Mr. Fox died in July, i88i, at Council Bluffs, Iowa, while on his way to visit his early home. His nurseries were left to his nephew, R. D. Fox, a bio- graphical sketch of whom appears in this book, and who has since conducted the business with an intel- ligence that has maintained the reputation it attained under the administration of his uncle. In 1856 Captain Aram moved his nurseries from town to the place on the Milpitas road where he now lives. He had G. W. Tarleton with him for a time, but in a few years the latter gentleman purchased the tract where he now lives, and planted it to orchard. In 1854 came James R. Lowe. This gentleman was an Englishman by birth, and a professional bot- anist. He had been engaged in some of the most prominent landscape gardening operations of the English nobility, and had come to America to super- intend some work for New England nurserymen. He came to California at the request of Samuel J. Hens- ley. He laid out the famous Hensley grounds, which, up to the time they were subdivided into city lots, contained more rare plants than any similar area in California. Mr. Lowe was in constant communica- tion with the superintendent of the gardens of the Duke of Devonshire, who was an old-time friend, and hardly a mail was received at the post-office in San Jose that did not contain some rare plant, bulb, or cutting, from the Duke's gardens. These were propa- gated with care, and from this beginning sprang many of San Jose's most beautiful gardens. Mr. J. Q. A. Ballou, who was with Mr. Case in his early nursery operations, went into the fruit business on his own account in 1856. At that time he pur- chased the place on the Milpitas road now occupied by him as a homestead, and in February of 1857 he planted about five hundred trees, principally apples and pears. In 1858 he planted fifteen hundred trees additional. In 1861 he procured from Louis Fellier grafts for fifty French prune trees. From these grafts he made his first prunes in 1867. At that time they were not popular, and only small quantities could be sold. Fitted plums had the call in the market for several years. About the same time his plums came in and these sold readily at twenty-five cents per pound, green. They were of new varieties not before produced here, such as the Columbia, General Hand, Quackenbos, etc. In 1868 Mr. Ballou made eleven tons of dried fruit and shipped it to New York via Cape Horn. It arrived in good order in 1869, and was sold so as to net him from eighteen to twenty cents per pound. At this time the fruit interests of Santa Clara County received a heavy blow. As we have said, the plantings heretofore had been principally of apples and pears. In 1868 the yield from these orchards more than glutted the market. There was no sale for a large portion of the product, and it could hardly be given away. Part of it was sent to San Francisco, but the proceeds, except in some cases, hardly paid the large cost of transportation. Wagon loads were carted off to the mines, but with all this, tons of choice fruit rotted under the trees. This experience disgusted many orchardists and they neglected their trees or dug them out of the ground. They seemed to have no idea of drying their fruit, or that the over- land railroad would, in time, give them an Eastern market. The influence of this experience was long felt in' the county. People generally lost confidence in the fruit business, and even now persons can be found who shake their heads when they contemplate the extensive orchards, and cite the seasons of 1867-68 as proof of coming disaster. The plantings in the celebrated Willow Glen Dis- trict were commenced as early as 1858, when W. C. Geiger set out a portion of his cherry orchard on what is now Willow Street. In 1862 C. T. Settle planted an orchard of apples and pears on what is now the northeast corner of Lincoln and Minnesota Avenues. At that time this district was covered by a dense growth of willows, and the lower portion was subject to overflow from the Guadaloupe. The only road was the El Abra, since called Lincoln Avenue, and the main central portion of the district was owned by Settle, Cottle, and Zarilla Valencia. Settle was soon after followed by Royal and Ira Cottle, who also planted apples and pears. Soon afterwards Miles 174 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Hills and a Mr. Sampson purchased the Zarilla tract, as it was called, and subdivided it into ten-acre lots. They planted cherries, peaches, apricots, etc., and from their subdivision started the real fruit interest in this section. The first experiment was on strawberries, the first vines being planted by Downs and Arne, on the tract now owned by Gribner. Their venture was so profitable that it created quite an excitement and nearly everybody in the Willows planted strawberries. At that time there were artesian wells in this district. They did not flow, but the water raised so near the surface that it could be easily pumped for irrigating purposes. This industry flourished for some years, and then came into competition with the strawberry growers in the lowlands near the bay. Here the artesian wells gave a great flow, and the Willow peo- ple could not pump water and compete with their neighbors. They converted their berry patches into orchards; but, with the experience of the apple and pear-growers fresh in their minds, they avoided these varieties and planted stone fruits almost exclusively. After the railroad was built and the market extended, they resumed the planting of apples and pears, but discontinued it after the codlin moth made its ap- pearance. This insect being now likely to be got un- der control, we can see signs of the revival of the apple and pear industry. One of the earliest orchards of the county was that of D. C. Vestal, on the Milpitas road, which was be- gun in 1854, and was principally apples and pears. This orchard is prominent as being the place where the Moorpark apricot was first propagated for market. Geo. Hobson, who had an orchard and nursery on the ground now occupied by L. F. Sanderson, had two of these trees, but held them in little estimation on ac- count of their irregularity in ripening. From these trees Mr. Vestal procured buds and worked them into a few trees on his place. When the fruit came, he was so pleased with its size and flavor that, in 1869, he planted three acres. Mr. Vestal's experiments at- tracted attention, and the Moorpark came into uni- versal favor. Mr. Vestal says that as this tree increases in age it produces regular crops and ripens its fruit evenly. As proof of this statement he cites one of the original trees now on his place, which is thirty- four years old and has failed in its crop only three times since it came into bearing. Many seasons he has got $12 worth of fruit from it. In "'1857 Mr. Vestal received a sack of walnuts from a friend in Chili. From these he has grown three trees, from which he harvests annually about $75 worth of nuts. These trees have attained great size and are very beautiful as well as very valuable. As the orchards of the valley increased in number and in bearing capacity, the fruit-growers began to fear that perhaps there might come a repetition of the experience of 1868, and the crops be wasted. Al- though the new orchards were of fruits suitable for canning and drying, no one had attempted thus to preserve them for market, and it seemed likely that when the supply exceeded the local demand, the busi- ness of fruit-growing would become unprofitable. Just before this contingency arrived, however, the danger was averted by the enterprise of a gentleman not theretofore identified with the fruit interests. Dr. James M. Dawson, the pioneer fruit-packer in the Santa Clara Valley, put up the first canned fruit for the market, in 1871. From observation of the superior quality of the fruits then grown in the valley. Dr. Dawson foresaw the marvelous possibilities of its climate and soils for fruit production as a factor of commerce on the Pacific Coast; and he also real- ized that, for the fruit industry to attain any con- siderable importance, it was a prime necessity that means should be provided to prepare and preserve the fruits for commerce in the immediate vicinity of where they were grown. Acting upon these con- victions, and stimulated by the wise counsel and hearty co-operation of his wife, Mr. Dawson resolved to make the experiment of starting a fruit cannery in this valley. An ordinary cooking range was pur- chased and placed in a 12x16 shed kitchen in the rear of their residence, on the Alameda; and on this the fruits were all heated before being placed in the cans. The fruits were obtained by Mr. and Mrs. Dawson driving about the neighborhood and pur- chasing them in small lots, and paying five to eight cents per pound for them. The season's pack, con- sisting of three hundred and fifty cases of fruits and tomatoes, was made in this modest manner. Dr. Dawson thought to demonstrate to Eastern people the superiority of California fruits to those of their own States; and in this respect the fine appearance and excellent flavor of his experimental effort proved entirely satisfactory. The next year the base of operations was changed to San Jose, the cannery being located on Sixteenth and Julian Streets, in an orchard, and a partnership formed with W. S. Stevens, a brother-in-law. The pack that season was double that of the first. The third year, 1873, another addition was made to the firm, including Lendrum, Burns & Co., grocers, ^^^ ^, 7n^ Jd- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 175 the firm name being J. M. Dawson & Co. A large building was erected on the corner of Fifth and Julian Streets, in which the pack of that season was made, which reached eight thousand cases. A year or two later the business was incorporated under the title of San Jose Fruit Packing Co., Dr. Dawson being made president. The plant was enlarged, and the pack increased to twenty-five thousand cases a year. The business continued in this way till 1878, when, the cares and responsibilities proving too great for his failing health, Dr. Dawson disposed of his interest and retired. The trade had extended beyond the limits of California and across the mountains to the Eastern cities. In 1879 Dr. Dawson returned to his place on the Alameda, and resumed the business in a moderate way, in a building erected for the purpose in the rear of their residence, under his individual name, J. M. Dawson. The following year he took in his son, E. L. Dawson, as an equal partner, the firm title becoming "The J. M. Dawson Packing Company." The plant was enlarged from year to year, the front- age changed to Myrtle Street, and the pack corre- spondingly increased. In 1883 Dr. Dawson retired, placing the active management in the hands of his son, the junior partner, who has conducted the business ever since. The old gentleman's health steadily declined, and he passed away in March, 1885. His interest in the business passed into the hands of the widow, who is still a joint owner with her son, under whose enter- prising management it has prospered and grown. The pack and sale of canned goods by the firm in 1887 was over one hundred and forty thousand cases, giving employment during the busy season to from three hundred to five hundred hand.s. The aim of the Dawson Packing Company has always been for the highest standard of excellence in the quality of their goods, and no brand of canned fruits ranks higher. Great strides of improvement have been made in the methods of fruit-packing during the past few years, as the result of much study and experimenting. The fruit is cooked by steam, after being put into the cans cold, and, wherever possible, machinery has taken the place of hand labor, and the process expedited and cheapened many fold, while the quality of the goods has been improved. This personal thought and study have developed methods somewhat independent of each other, which are, in a measure, the private and secret property of their respective discoverers ; there- fore the fruit is handled in each establishment in a manner peculiarly its own. James M. Dawson was a native of Maryland, born in 1809. Came to Ohio a young man, where he studied and practiced medicine a few )ears. He removed to Iowa in 185 1, and from there came to California, in 1870. While in Iowa he married Eloise Jones. The widow, two sons, and a daughter, survive him. Mrs. Dawson and the daughter reside in the pleasant homestead on the Alameda. E. L. Dawson was born in 1859, and was educated in the University of the Pacific. After leaving college he started in as an apprentice in the canning business, learning the details of every department, and thus is complete master of the situation. The history of the Golden Gate Packing Com- pany is related in the following biographical sketch : — George M. Bowman, vice-president of the Garden City National Bank of San Jose, is also superintend- ent and secretary of the Golden Gate Packing Com- pany, and has had charge of the extensive busi- ness of this company in his present capacity for eleven years, during which time it has grown to be one of the largest fruit-packing establishments on the Pacific Coast. The company was incorpo- rated in 1877, some of the members composing it having started the fruit-canning business in a small way on the site of the present works. Third and Fourth Streets, between Julian and Hensley Avenue, two years previously. The company in- creased the facility for the business by erecting new buildings and other improvements the first year after its incorporation. In 1881 the entire plarit was destroyed by fire. New and larger buildings im- mediately succeeded the old ones, which were fitted up with the best and most approved machinery, con- stituting a plant worth $50,000. They manufacture most of the cans used, and their pack, which averages one million, nine hundred and twenty-five thousand cans, includes vegetables and all the varie- ties of fruits grown in the Santa Clara Valley. Dur- ing the busy season, from four hundred to four hundred and fifty hands are employed. The con- stant aim of the management has been to attain the highest standard of excellence for their goods, and the " Golden Gate " brand is recognized by dealers and consumers, wherever introduced, as having no superior. The principal market for their product is the New England States, though their goods are shipped to all parts of the United States, and to Canada, England, India, and Australia. Their 176 PEN PICTURES FROM THE ''GARDEN OF THE WORLD." fruits are carefully selected, put up in heavy syrup made from the best white sugar, and are held in such high esteem that they have had an extensive sale in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. Messrs. Cross & Blackwell, of London, England (the celebrated pickle firm), proposed to become the sole agents for Great Britain for the " Golden Gate " apricots, and to handle no others. Mr. Bowman, to whose careful and able management the present enviable reputation and success of this company is largely due, is a native of Iowa, born in Dubuque forty-four years ago ; was educated at Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, and came to California in 1866. Previous to engaging in the canning business he was employed ten years by the Wells, Fargo Express Company. He married Miss A. C. Coldren, at Boone, Iowa, in 1866, who was educated at the same institution as himself The family consists of two sons and one daughter, and their home is one of the handsomest in the Garden City. The Los Gatos Fruit Packing Company was organ- ized in 1882, with a capital stock of $10,000, which has since been increased to $25,000. It has only four- teen stockholders, and there is no stock to be bought. Its officers are SamuelTempleton, President; James E. Gordon, Secretary; J. W. Lyndon, Treasurer; Robert Walker and Michael Miller, Directors. The institution commenced work in a building 60x80 feet,- with ma- chinery giving them a capacity of five thousand cases for the season. The product of this factory was sent to England, where it immediately attracted attention, and contracts were made with Liverpool dealers for the entire pack for the two following years. The favor with which their goods were met in the market necessitated enlarged facilities; new buildings were erected and new and improved machinery and ap- paratus were procured. Their plant has been steadily increased to meet the demands of the trade, until they now employ two hundred and fifty hands and require a sixty-horse-power boiler to do their cook- ing. The pack of 1887 was eight hundred and forty thousand cans, and will be much more this season. We have run ahead of our chronology in order to give the foregoing statements in regard to the growth of the fruit-packing industry. The canneries, when established, seemed able to take care of all the fruit suitable for that method of packing. But there were varieties which the canners could not utilize to ad- vantage in this manner. Notably among these were prunes and apples, and some varieties of plums. In July, 1874, a company was formed called the "Aiden Fruit and Vegetable Preserving Company." The pro- jectors were W. H. Leeman, F. C. Leeman, C. T, Settle, Ira Cottle, M. R. Brown, Royal Cottle, Oliver Cottle, S. Newhall, W. W. Cozzens, R. C. Swan, K. D. Berre, A. D. Colton, Miles Hills, J. M. Batter, T. B. Keesling, M. Hale, and Pedro de Saisset. They purchased an Alden evaporator and placed it at the corner of San Salvador Street extension and Josefa Street. The machine was of no great capacity and did not work satisfactorily, but it turned out some good fruit, and in 1876 the company made a shipment of about fifteen tons of dried apricots. The returns from this shipment were so large that it satisfied the people that there was a great future for fruit-growing in this county. They knew that methods could and would be devised for putting their product into an imperishable shape for transportation, and they started in with vigor to plant their orchards. At this time the Willows was the principal orchard section of the county. The older orchards of Ballan Tarleton, Aram Vestal, and others that we have mentioned, were north of San Jose, and David Hobson had an orchard to- ward Berryessa. The orchards of Gould and Wat- kins were at Santa Clara, and there were others in other places, but the Willows was nearly all planted to fruit, and it came to be believed by some that this was the only section in the county where this industry could be successfully prosecuted. There is a record of one man who owned a fine place near Berryessa and bought a tract of ground in the Willows in order to have an orchard. That same Berryessa farm is now one of the most promising orchards in the country. In 1856 Lyman J. Burrell planted an orchard and vineyard in the mountains near the Santa Cruz line. The trees and vines did well; some of the old peach trees that were planted at that time are still alive and are bearing full crops. This was the first planting in the mountains, or, in fact, outside the little circle around San Jose and Santa Clara, as we have before related, with the exception of an orchard planted by Benj. Casey in 1855 or 1856, on the Los Gatos road near where the Cambrian school-house now stands. In 1873 the almond orchard now nearly covered by the town of Los Gatos was planted, and in 1874 the large orchard on the Los Gatos road now owned by Mrs. Gardner was set out, and also the almonds on the Kennedy place. Mr. J. F. Kennedy, whose bio- graphical sketch appears on another page, came to California in 1852 as salesman for the nursery of Commodore Stockton. In i860 he moved upon PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 177 what is now known as the Kennedy ranch, near Los Gatos, where he planted a small orchard for family use. There were some few small orchards in the Santa Cruz Mountains, chiefly of apples and pears, as early as 1874, but this region, with the foot-hills on this side, took no rank as a fruit country until about 1880. In 1876 W. D. Pollard planted twenty acres two miles north of Saratoga, and the next year the planting of the famous O'Baniar & Kent Orchard (now owned by James E. Gordon) was commenced. William Rice also planted an orchard in the same neighborhood. These men were looked upon as possessed of a sort of lunacy. It was first predicted that the trees would not grow in such dry, thin soil. When the trees did grow it was prophesied that they would never have vigor enough to bear a paying crop. At six years old the trees yielded about $500 per acre, and then the prediction was that they would die out in a few years. But as time passed and the trees did not die, but con- tinued to bear good crops, the people accepted the revelation and commenced to plant for themselves. Land which had before been held at $30 per acre jumped to $100, and is still increasing in value. Land on the brushy hill-sides, considered worth about $10 an acre, has been cleared and planted and now is covered with profitable orchards and vineyards. At the present time there is scarcely a ten-acre tract along the foot-hills from Los Gatos north that is not occupied with fruit. The orchard interests of the Berryessa District are practically of a recent date. David Hobson had an orchard in that vicinity planted sometime in the '6o's, and Isaiah Shaw had also a small orchard, but it was not until 1880, when Mr. Flickinger commenced the " Pacific Orchard," that the fruit development of this section really began. J. H. Flickinger, one of the leading exponents of the fruit industry of Santa Clara County, is the sub- ject of this sketch. Coming to this valley in 1849, observing the gradual unfolding of the resources of the section, and grasping, with a keenly intuitive in- stinct, its wonderful possibilities, he has always been foremost in advocating and illustrating these possi- bilities by personal exertion. Mr. Flickinger was born in Germany in 1830, but from a child reared in Erie, Pennsylvania. His parents, Adam and Katie (Hechtman) Flickinger, were long residents of Erie, and owned a farm near the place. He received his early education in the usual neighborhood schools, later attending for two years an academy in Erie. At the age of nineteen, attracted by the wonderful 23 stories told of the then almost unknown California and its treasures of gold, he went to New York and took passage for this State, around Cape Horn, on the bark Clyde, which left port on the twenty-fourth of April, 1849. On the trip, while off the Cape, they encountered a terrible snow-storm, which in- crusted the sails and cordage with ice, and froze the rudder, causing the ship to drift for twenty days toward the south pole, during which time of anxiety they were imperiled by floating icebergs, and so near exhausting their provisions that the passengers and crew were put on an allowance of one hard-tack cracker and a cup of water per day! Fortunately, the wind changed and they weathered the Cape, reaching Valparaiso on the first of August, where they remained three weeks to recruit, and provision the ship, arriving at last in San Francisco on the first of November, 1849. Mr. Flickinger came to San Jose in December, the "Legislature of a thousand drinks" being then in session. He at once opened a meat market, which he kept through the winter. When the Legislature adjourned he went to the mines, where he remained until September, 1850, when he returned to his San Jose meat market. In the spring of 1851 he extended his business to general merchandising, in which he continued two years, when he closed this and went into the wholesale cattle business, exclusively. He continued in this until April, 1886, when he went into the fruit-canning business. In 1880 he had purchased part of the land which he now has in orchard, adding to it at different times until he has now two hundred and fifty acres on Berryessa Avenue and Lundy's Lane, on which he has planted twenty-five thousand trees,— one thousand cherries, eight thousand apricots, ten thousand peaches, and six thousand prunes, of which, in 1887, about fifteen thousand were in bearing. When he purchased this land it was in pasture, grain, and mustard, and honeycombed by squirrels and gophers, and did not pay current expenses and taxes. He immediately inaugurated a revolution,- — planted his orchard, fought squirrels and gophers, spent money lavishly, but judiciously, until, as a re- sult of his eff'orts, in 1887, in his cannery and drying establishment, he employed over four hundred persons, turning out of the orchard goods that sold for over $100,000. These are some of the results which can be obtained in Santa Clara County by well-directed effort combined with pluck and knowledge. The cost of his canning and drying plant has been about $20,000. 178 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." In 1858 Mr. Flickinger was married to Miss Mary A. Smith, a native of New York, her parents being Dr. China and Parnell (Hall) Smith, who came to California, from Rochester, New York, in 1855. Dr. Smith died in 1885, aged eighty years, and his wife in 1880. Both died in and were buried at San Jose. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Flick- inger five children : Katie and Charles S. (twins), born in i860, the former now the wife of L. F. Graham, of San Luis Obispo, and the latter in business with his father ; H. A., born in 1864, also in business with his father; Nellie, born in 1868, now the wife of J. R. Patton ; Sarah, born in 1870, attending, in 1888, the Normal School. Mr. Flickinger's father, who is now (1888) over eighty years of age, is still living on the old homestead in Erie, Pennsylvania; his mother died in 1862. He has been a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, No. 34, San Jose. In 1856 he joined the Re- publican party, helping to carry this county for Fre- mont and Dayton, and has worked in this harness ever since. He believes in the fullest protection of American industries. In 1856 Sylvester Newhall came to Santa Clara County and established a nursery on the banks of the Coyote, which, after a few years, he sold and removed to the Willows. He had an abiding faith in the hor- ticulture of Santa Clara County from the first, and has done his share toward making that faith a reality. He has not only constructed a large nursery, but he has also planted about a hundred acres of orchard, which is at this time coming into full fruition. In 1863 came John Rock, a German by birth, but with many years' experience in the nurseries at Rochester, New York, and other noted fruit-growing sections of the East. He established a small nursery on land near Alviso, rented from Malavos. He soon moved from there to Wm. Boots' place, and in 1865 purchased forty-eight acres on the Milpitas road near San Jose, which he planted to a nursery of fruit and ornamental trees. In 1879 this place became too small for his operations, and he purchased his present location, of one hundred and thirty-eight acres, near Wayne Station. The rapid strides of the California fruit interests made such demands on the Santa Clara County nurseries that in 1884 Mr. Rock, with R. D. Fox and several other nurserymen, organized the California Nursery Company, and purchased four hundred and sixty-three acres of land near Niles, of which three hundred and thirty-three acres are now planted and furnishing stock,and the remainder will be planted during the season of 1888-89. Mr. Rock's ex- hibiton of Santa Clara County nursery products at the New Oi'leans Expositon of 1884 received the award of all the principal premiums offered in that department. The capital stock of the California Nursery Company is $100,000, and John Rock is its President, and R. D. Fox, its Vice-President. Although these nurseries are just outside the county limits, we speak of them as belonging to Santa Clara County, for the reason that they are the result of Santa Clara County energy and Santa Clara County capital. As has been previously stated, there was a consid- erable period during which there was a prevailing opinion that the Willows was the true fruit section of the county. In reference to this opinion very little planting was done outside this district except for home use. It was especially held that west and south, toward the foot-hills, where the water was so far be- neath the surface, trees could not grow and produce profitable crops. One of the first to break over this popular superstition was Mr. T. W. Mitchell, the re- sult of whose efforts is here given. Thomas W. Mitchell is the proprietor of the San Tomas Orchard, the largest orchard in the San Tomas District. The property fronts the Quito road, and is situated about one mile southeast of Saratoga. Mr. Mitchell's residence, whichis approached from the road over an avenue eighty rods in length, stands near the center of his one hundred and eighteen acres, of which eighty- three acres are in orchard. He bought the place in 1 88 1. It was then in bad condition, having been devoted many years to grain culture, and sadly neg- lected. Years were spent in bringing the property into its present fine condition. Now (in 1888) it is no disparagement to others to say that no property in the neighborhood shows better care and skill in man- agement, or produces better results than does this — in fact, 'tis not saying too much when it is stated that no better orchard can be found in the country. Fifteen acres are devoted to the culture of seventeen hundred cherry trees, principally of the Tartarian, Governor Wood, and Royal Ann varieties. No fruit of this kind in the county ranks higher than does Mr. Mitchell's in the San Francisco market. The crop of 1887 brought $2,500. Three hundred and fifty young peach trees comprise the peach orchard, and four thousand prune trees (chiefly French), the prune orchard. These, with six hundred almond trees, Oregon and Bulgarian prune trees, apple and pear trees, besides a vineyard covering twenty acres PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF TEE WORLD." 179 (planted generally in rows alternating with peach and prune trees), make the grand total of product and revenue. The entire property of one hundied and eighteen acres is made excellent in improvement and grand in productive results. Mr. Mitchell was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, No- vember 29, 1825. He is the son of William and Eliza- beth Mitchell. The family came to the United States, and settled in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. There the subject of this sketch married Miss Martha Williams, in 1856. Later, they removed to Walworth County, and from Wisconsin came to California in 186 1. They made Calaveras County their home for seven years, leaving it in 1868 to become residents of San Jose. There they lived until they took possession of their Santa Clara home (before described), in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell are the parents of three children, of whom two, Ada and Frank, are living. Carrie, the wife of Charles C. Worthington, died at the age of twenty-nine years. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell have in their care her two children, Ada Louisa and Georgie May. Both Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell are con- sistent members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Mitchell has been a steadfast supporter of the Republican party ever since its organization. In 1880 G. W. Gardner purchased the tract on the Los Gatos road at the northwest corner of what is now called "Orchard Homes." It ran from the corner westerly to the narrow-gauge railroad. This he planted the same and the following years, about the same time. Henry Curtner, who had purchased what was known as the "Johnson Farm," situated to the south and east of Gardner's, sold it out in sub- divisions and it was planted in 1882 and 1883. The Leigh tract was subdivided and sold in 1882 and planted the following spring. Newhall's forty-acre prune orchard was planted in 1883. Most of the other orchards on Hamilton Av- enue were planted the year before. About this time also were planted the orchards around Campbell's Station, along the Infirmary road and Gruwell road. Cozzen's large prune orchard on the Kirk tract was planted in 1882, and the one at the corner of the Stev- ens Creek and Infirmary road was planted in 1883. The Bradley prune orchard was planted in 1875, and it was the great yield of these trees that induced much of the planting of French prunes. The product of this orchard, which contains ten acres, has run from $2,500 to $4,000 each §eason since the trees were six years old. The large plantings north and west of Santa Clara date from 1880, and so with the Doyle, Cupertino, and other districts west. Although there are some older orchards around Mayfield and Mountain View, the real interest in fruit-growing is only about four years old. The same may be said of the Evergreen District, and the country to the south of, San Jose, and along the Monterey road and in the vicinity of Gil- roy. Many years ago Mr. Hiram Pomeroy demon- strated the capacity of the Little Calaveras Valley as a fruit section, but as nearly all of that valley is owned by the Spring Valley Water Company, no extensive plantings have been made. The hill-sides and slopes to the east of Milpitas have long been noted for their peculiarly mild climate, the Portuguese gardeners growing peas, potatoes, and other vege- tables for the midwinter market. In the last six years many orchards have been planted in this region, as well as to the north towards the Warm Spring section. It would not be profitable, even if possible, to give the names of the owners and dates of planting of all the orchards in the county. Among the biograph- ical sketches in this book will be found the experiences of very many of the leading fruit-growers, and these sketches are intended to fill up the details of this gen- eral history. It has been our endeavor to give starting points from which those interested can trace the growth of this great industry, which is evidently to become the destiny of Santa Clara County. We have noted the transition of fruit culture from the apple and pear to the apricot, peach, prune, and other similar fruits, and we should here note the signs of another departure. The absorption of our grain and wheat fields and hill-sides by the horticultural in- terests has caused some people to predict that, in time, the pastures having been converted to other uses, meat will become as scarce as in Italy and the fruit and vine sections of France. While the millions of acres of mountain land yet remaining may furnish range for cattle and goats for an indefinite period, they are sure that the days of the "American Hog" in California are numbered. Following the example of Eastern nations, they propose a substitute in the olive. Whatever may be the fate of our cattle and hog in- terest, it is a fact that the planting of olives has re- ceived a great impetus since 1886. The demands on the nurseries have been more than could be supplied, although their stocks have been greatly increased by large importations. These demands promise a large increase for future years, and point to a time when olive culture will be general throughout this country. 180 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." In view of this fact it will be in place to relate what has been done in this direction to the present time. We have spoken of the olives cultivated at the mis- sions. Other trees were planted afterCaliforniabecame a part of the United States, principally for home use by persons of French, or Italian, or Spanish birth or parentage. The first attempt of any magnitude at the cultivation of olives in an orchard was at what is now known as THE QUITO OLIVE AND VINE FARM. This farm of eighty-one acres, distant eight miles from San Jose, is situated on the Quito road near its junction with Saratoga Avenue. This particular spot in his great rancho was chosen by Sefior Don Jose Ramon Arguello for his country homestead, and here, in 1865, he planted the first of the olives, a small vine- yard, and a fruit orchard. His death, in 1876, led to a division of the estate, and in December, 1882, the olive farm passed into the hands of the present pro- prietor. The development of the place has been car- ried forward slowly but steadily since that date. The olives had been planted at the extremely short dis- tance of sixteen and a half feet, and were suffering from insufficient soil and lack of air and sun, and in the month of March, 1883, twelve hundred and fifty of from ten to seventeen years of age were cut to the stock and transplanted, with but small loss. Some of these transplanted trees were in fruit the past season, while the remainder are in full bloom for a crop in the season to come. The trimmings of the trees were made into cuttings, and from the nurseries of 1883 and the two following years, nearly fifty thousand trees have been furnished to the farm itself, and to the new olive orchards of this and adjacent counties, and be- sides these many thousand cuttings have been sup- plied as such. The entire place is now planted in olives, and vines are planted between the rows of trees, as has been the custom for many centuries in Italy and Spain. There are twenty-five hundred trees of from fifteen to twenty-three years of age, and three thousand of five and six years' growth, from the cut- tings, and thirty-two thousand vines of standard wine varieties. During these years (1882-1888), everything has been made subservient to the development of the place, in the re-making of the old orchard, the making of the new, and the planting of the vines; but, not- withstanding this, the oil of 1885 stood first in the tests at the New Orleans Exposition, and received a diploma there, as at various California fairs, and the pickled olives of that and the following years met with a rapid sale. The wonderful growth of the olive in the excep- tionally favorable soil and climate of Santa Clara Valley makes it necessary to give it unusually large distances, and, although the removal of one-half the trees of the older orchard on alternate diagonal lines, left the remaining trees at twenty-three and one- third feet distance, their growth has been such as to demonstrate the need of still further removals. In this season, in March, a number of trees were transplanted, all or nearly all trees now of twenty-three years, and all trees which had been previously transplanted in 1883. In the coming winter from six to eight hun- dred old trees will be transplanted from the oldest orchard. It will be readily seen that it is quite impossible to give estimates as to the production of olives, and the profits of olive culture, whether for oil or olives in pickle, based on the experience of the Quito, be- cause, up to 1883, the trees were entirely too crowded to be productive, and because, since that date, the older trees have been recovering from those years of insufficient space, of abuse and neglect, or re-making themselves from the stock, while the younger trees have not as yet reached the year of bearing. The grove does, however, prove beyond a question that the soil and climate of Santa Clara Valley are exceed- ingly well-suited to the olive, and that the variety known as the "Mission Olive" can produce oil of a high grade, and olives in pickle which find a ready sale in the home market. The buildings consist of an oil mill — in the upper story of which the proprietor has fitted up a quaint apartment, with the crusher and press addition — winery, barn, and commodious houses for the force. A homestead lot between old oaks, olives, and peppers has been left for a residence; and an attractive feature of the place is the "Pergola," an arbor two hundred feet long by ten broad, made of heavy redwood posts and cross beams, on which climb choice varieties of table grapes, and to the south of which is a line of old olives and fruit trees alternated. In the coming year this will be so completely covered as to give a shady resort from summer heat. It was from vines of this arbor that astonished Eastern horticulturists gathered grapes still palatable, even after the extreme frosts of the season, on the day of their drive through the valley, January 27, 1888. Not far from this arbor are some old cherries which seem rather shade than fruit trees, in their extraordinary size. Senor Arguello showed himself well acquainted with his great estate when he chose this spot for the family country home. "^ .^^~ [ffiilillililil'iill'lill'il Villi iiMi'.'ii^iii'!'''' ; ;| 'il <|iii!i|i'!'<'i|i mm I#i# ii If iii# I 111 |ii "II II IP wiiii'iiim I'l PliHIiii l'|l| i'l] 'lit I'll ll|lMllll>| ,l'«l,l|!|l|lllW!l||l||||l||l|,,||l,l|ll ii|l|i{l!||iii|l>l|i{!il!l|l|l||l|{{{l{il|inHliqi||l i! i4'"'' iVwi'liliill |imi||ii!|i|il I liiiliiMii 1 1 N ,1' I iljlliiliilillil ■'iiiv^ll;! Jlllildl pllllllilll L,inlilll,Li II i ilfll'l^jlliihll , , i|i>J|h/,pi|i|i|iii ,1 <' u< , ' I||i|il I II ll'l'l 'M ', i:ji!IHiiptllli!iilllli'iliii lljll !l|<|l|lll|![!! „|||,,!..l llh l!|ril'[i''l|lll!|l!l| , „ I lll I ill 'w |iiili|i 11 II f ll ' hr liii iiiFiiiiM: ji lii#mj|||iijiiiif i!iii,|ii,ii,, ,„ ,; I f !, I" 1' ''i I iiiiPII'i!!>tl'l'|)|i kii il I III' I' I hh I III 11 , f Ill ' 'v I'll , i I 1 1 i I I '1 11,1 III ||;i'i"i'" pi^ iiiijl ill, I iKi III ■ I'l'i n iil'iii I'll " i|ii|i| I il m ! I ii' ' mil' I I I'll ill iil'iiiii jji'sfi II Vi I Ni':!!i'.f.iiii.iii1,!iii:i I. , i"ii'iiii'i .I'i iiiiii 1 1 i,, !' iiii Hill I I'l il'iitaii ll, I iii ■ ■iwiiii|iiiij|i|i!ii I I ,,i!i i'llili Hi I III I , iiii 11 lift" hi, III I- ullVil'ii, ■I..' 1 1;, 'i'llii I jiiiiilLji'' 1 1 i"ii' v, |ii 1 lil ,v , ',liiiii.|l||! i,i,'|,i ii|[ijij I'M I, 'I I'Liiil fiii|iiiiii 1 . 1^ 'l"M< Si i iPI'iii ' i,i iiiPII'i I ' II i ^" ' ''lllll' ' 1 ilj ■ ';iil I'h'.',' , ' "i!l! .;*aii PEN PICTURES FROM THE ''GARDEN OF THE WORLD:' 181 for its position, although on the plain, commands a view exceptionally extensive and beautiful, while its soil admits no rival for fruit culture. Whether considered as a place of residence, as an olive farm, or as a wine farm, the Quito is one of the choice properties of the valley, and one of the most beautiful. Its position is such, as related to the many vineyards in the locality, that its plant for wine pro- duction and storage will, almost of necessity, be in- creased this year or the following year. In such case the arrangement of machinery would be so adjusted that in the future, besides a large wine production, it will be able to deal not only with its own olives, but with the olives of a large district, as the newly-planted olive orchards come into bearing; for in olive culture it is inevitable that the system of manufacture will be the same as in the vine and fruit cultures, and as in the olive culture. of Italy — the product of many farms will be brought to central mills for the process of manu- facture. This is a most desirable economy of ma- chinery, and of skilled and experienced labor as well- This is the Quito's natural and seemingly inevitable evolution. It is clear that the increase of the olive interest in the State, but especially in Santa Clara County, will be very great in the next few years. Besides the profit of the olive farm, this tree has cer- tain especial attractions. By its almost unlimited life an olive orchard is ever increasing in value. By its hardihood it can occupy much land unacceptable to other^ruit trees, and almost valueless for general farm uses. The world's demand for olive-oil is so far in advance of the supply that few articles of consump- tion are equally adulterated or absolutely falsified, and the mere local demand of California for pure oil is to-day far in excess of the present supply, and increases more rapidly than the production. These facts seem to relegate the question of a possible over- production to a future so very distant that the olive farmer may safely leave it out of his calculation, even when thinking of his olives as his legacy to children and grandchildren. The olive-oil interest of Califor- nia is even safe from tariff juggling, which seems to threaten other fruit interests so dangerously at the present time, for it is competing only with adultera- tions and fabrications, and its patrons are such because it is what they demand — pure olive oil. There is another important consideration favorable to an increasing olive industry which is being slowly recognized. It seems as if this interest inust be pushed to a great development as offering a solution, and at the present the only solution, of the labor question as related to the harvesting of the fruit crop. What other than a very extensive olive interest, with its winter harvest — namely, November 15 to May i — can take up the great mass of floating labor needed for the fruit and vine industries, as these set free in No- vember, and carry it on until they call for it again in May? Such there may be, but as yet it is unknown in California. If such a development should come, in but a few years the little Quito will be unnoticeable among the many and larger groves of the county; but it will always have its modest place in the history of the valley as the first (that of the American excepted), and that where the experiments, always necessary in a new industry, and often, for a time, disappointing and unsatisfactory to the beginner, have been tried out; and to those who read the history of their home, their long lines of somber green will stand for years, per aps for centuries, a pleasing memorial of the cultured Spanish gentleman who alone of his genera- tion foresaw the wonderful future of his beloved and beautiful valley; nor will they forget to bless the memory of the old Spanish Padres who brought the olive with them from their Iberian home across the sea. Lovers will bide tryst under the spreading branches, and brides, perhaps, meet their grooms at the altar, as did Beatrice the immortal Dante, in pur-, gatory, "above the veil of dazzling white, bound with the olive wreath;" for through all the centuries it has come down to us as the emblem of wisdom, and has been borne by the herald ever as a sign of peace. The proprietor of the Quito Olive Farm, Mr. Ed- ward E. Goodrich, was born at Maiden, Massachusetts, August 12, 184s, but is of the New Haven branch of the Connecticut family of the name. He was gradu- ated at Yale College in the class of 1866, and at the Albany Law School in 1867. April 23, 1878, he was married to Miss Sara M. Shafter, daughter of the late Judge Oscar L. Shafter, of the Supreme Court of this State. Mr. and Mrs. Goodrich have four children — one boy and three girls. The citrus fruits have been cultivated in Santa Clara County for a period antedating tradition. Or- ange and lemon trees early found place in the mis- sion orchard, and many were brought here by the earlier' immigrants from Mexico. They were com- mon in the door-yards and gardens of the old Span- ish homesteads, and bore abundant fruit, although not of the best quality. Orange and lemon trees of a better variety were, many years ago, planted on the grounds of W. H. Rogers and W. S. McMurtry at Los Gatos, and grew thriftily and bore well. Chris- 182 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." tian Feldstadt, on the eastern foot-hills, had an or- chard of oranges and semi-tropical fruits, which was a source of considerable profit. In 1880 Mr. Harvey Wilcox planted sixteen acres to oranges in the hills overlooking Los Gatos, on the property now occupied by the Catholic fathers. At six years of age these trees brought a large harvest of beautiful fruit. As a rule citrus fruits were not planted for the market, but as an ornament, and to furnish a home supply. For this reason public atten- tion was not called to this branch of horticulture un- til the winter of 1886-87. At that time the San Jose Horticultural Society called a citrus fair, when or- anges and lemons were presented for exhibition from one hundred and sixty-three different localities in the county. Many of these exhibits were from orchards of considerable acreage, whose owners testified to healthy growth and satisfactory fruitage. This ex- hibition was made, not for the purpose of showing citrus culture as a leading industry of the valley, but to demonstrate to Eastern visitors that Santa Clara County possessed a soil and climate suitable to the growth of those fruits. It is very doubtful whether orange culture ever be- comes a very important branch of Santa Clara County horticulture. This will not be for lack of adaptability of soil and climate, but because it does not pay so well as other departments of fruit-growing, nor is it so sure or capable of being conducted with so little labor. Oranges must be marketed in a fresh state, and must be transported long distances at high freight rates, while the profit is not in proportion to the risk. In other fruits the producer can place his crop in an imperishable state, and hold it until the condition of the market suits him to offer it for sale. The profit on the stardard fruits grown in Santa Clara County, runs from $1 50 to $200 per acre, which is large enough to suit any reasonable disposition. We have spoken of the operations of the Alden Fruit and Vegetable Preserving Company, as giving a great impetus to the orchard business. The com- pany met with no success in its work, because the machine used was incompetent. It, however, dem- onstrated what could be done with proper apparatus. After the Alden Company retired, Mr. W. W. Coz- zens took up the business of fruit evaporating, erect- ing a drier at his place in the Willows, and conducted 'it successfully until his death, when it was taken in hand by his sons, who have made great improvement in machinery and methods, and are still carrying on the work. Geo. A. and C. F. Fleming, of the Wil- lows, soon went into the businesswith an evaporator of their own invention. In 1887 they erected exten- sive branch works at Campbell's Station, and in 1888, at Marysville, Yuba County. More particulars of these operations will be found in the personal histo- ries of these gentlemen, elsewhere recorded in this book. The rapid increase in the yield of the orchards led to apprehensions that the production would outrun the capacity of the canneries and evaporators. It had come to be a popular belief that an evaporator was necessary to the proper drying of fruit, and there was a great demand for this kind of machinery. Many inventions were presented, but they either lacked in ability to do good work, or in capacity to do enough of it, or were too expensive to be operated with profit. The idea that fruit must be machine-dried to secure the top market prices, was gathered from compara- tive quotations in Eastern prices current. It did not occur to the people that the Eastern sunshine was different from the sunshine in the Santa Clara Val- ley; that, in that country, they had frequent summer rains and heavy dews at night, while in this valley there was a high barometer, no summer rains, and no dew, and that here sun-drying was equivalent to evap- oration, with the only difference that it was a slightly longer operation. To offset the difference in time was the fact that all out-of-doors was available to the sun-drier, and that the amount of fruit that could be exposed at once more than made up for the time re- quired for its curing. But the people came to know these things in a natural way. The apricot crop of 1887 was unusu- ally large. Many new orchards came into bearing that year, while the older trees had more capacity. Every tree of three years of age or more was bend- ing beneath its load of fruit. The canneries and evaporators could not handle one-third of the crop, and the orchardists were compelled to resort to sun- drying or permit their crops to rot under the trees. They chose the latter, and the result was a revela- tion. By properly preparing the fruit it came from the drying trays bright and luscious in appearance, and, in the opinion of experts, fully equal, if not su- perior, in quality to that cured by machine. The experience of that year settled the problem of pre- paring fruit for market, and settled it in a manner most satisfactory to the orchardist. The experience of 1887 also solved another problem that was causing considerable anxiety on the part of the fruit-grower. The thoughtful ones had for some PEN PICTURES FROM THE "OABDEN OF THE WORLD." 183 time been working with the labor question. They foresaw the time when the fruit yield would be too large to be handled by the available workmen then in the valley. When the large crop of this year came on they concluded that the crisis had arrived. And so it had ; but it did not bring the disaster that had been anticipated. The trustees of the different schools extended the summer vacation, and women and chil- dren went to the orchards. The crop was all har- vested in good shape, and the children earned a great deal of money. Girls twelve years old could earn $i.OO a day, and others older or more skillful earned from $i.oo to $2.00 per day. Boys learned habits of industry, and, as working in the orchards was popular, none were ashamed of the labor. Besides showing the fruit-growers where to secure their future help, the moral lesson of 1887 was invaluable. In 1886 the consumers of fruit in the East became convinced that the prunes grown in Santa Clara County were superior in quality to those grown in France, when similar grades were compared. This superiority is due to two causes: First, because the peculiar soil and climate of this section induces a thriftier growth and a more perfect ripening of the fruit, and complete development of the sugar; second, because of the method of curing practiced here. In France the process through which the prunes are carried results in cooking the fruit to a greater or less extent. This renders it soft and pleasant to eat in a raw state, but when made into sauce it loses much of its flavor. In the California process, where the fruit is cured by exposure to the sun, no cooking results, and the fruit retains its full flavor. In 1887 a gentleman from France visited San Jose, and represented himself as having been a superin- tendent of one of the large prune-curing establish- ments of Bordeaux. He desired to establish a similar business here, and offered to guaranty that the Cali- fornia-dried prunes, treated by the French process, would recover seventy-five per cent of the weight lost in drying. While the secret of his process was not divulged, it must necessarily be inferred that the weight thus restored would be in the nature of moisture, and while it would add to the specific gravity of the fruit, w uld not increase the quantity of nutritious elements. This indicates that while the weight of California-cured prunes is made up en- tirely of the fruit elements, that by the French process is, to a considerable extent, of water. We have seen that the planting of strawberries in this county was first undertaken as an industry in the Willows District, but was abandoned when planting began in the artesian belt. The first strawberry plants brought to this county came with Commodore Stock- ton's nursery tree-, in 1852. They were grown for fruit to a limited extent on the Stockton ranch, but were not planted for market purposes until Downs and Orne set out their three-acre tract in the Willows. The present strawberry section lies north of San Jose and Santa Clara, towards Milpitas and Alviso. The first person to go into this business in this district was Mr. Cary Peebels, who planted a few acres, in 1868, on the place now owned by Mr. Agnew, at Agnew's Station. His success induced other plant- ings, and in a very short time the whole belt of country where flowing artesian water was available was engaged in this industry. In many instances too great an acreage was devoted to strawberries. Charles Wade, on the Alviso road, had one hundred and forty acres planted in 1874, but was compelled to curtail his operations for the reason that labor could not be obtained to care for the crop. Others found themselves in the same predicament. The only labor thus far found available for this industry has been that of Chinese, who work on a kind of co-operative system. The owner of the land fur- nishes the ground, plants, and water, and sells the crop. The Chinamen plant, cultivate, and harvest. One-half the proceeds go to the owner of the land, and one-half to the Chinamen. The Chinese are a shrewd people, and, controlled as they are by the Six Companies, are able to make such combinations as to their labor as they may de- sire. This is probably the reason why the acreage of strawberries is kept at about the same amount from year to year. A person who desires to go into this business must consult the Chinamen. If they think the increase in production will be greater than the market can stand, he will get no labor. If the Chinamen decide that the new acreage will not over- stock the market, he will get all the labor he wants. The work of growing and harvesting strawberries in the lowlands is peculiarly distasteful to white people. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to sub- stitute laborers of other nationalities for the Chinamen but no success has followed these attempts. It may be that this problem will work itself out to a suc- cessful solution, as have so many other vexed ques- tions connected with our horticulture. For many years Santa Clara County was the only source of supply, for this fruit, for the San Francisco market. Other sections have since engaged in the business. 184 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." but this county still furnishes about ninety per cent of all the strawberries grown in the State. The first horticultural society of Santa Clara County, as we have related, came jnto existence in 1854, and lost its identity in 1859, when the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society was incorporated under the laws of the State. It held no separate fairs after 1856. In 1882 a new society was formed, which is still in existence. In 1884 this society held its first fair in the California Theater Building on Second Street. The success of this exhibition created an en- thusiasm which led to the building of the Horticultu- ral Hall on San Fernando Street, in 1886, where three annual exhibitions are now held, A citrus fair takes place in January or February, a flower festival in May, and an exhibition of horticultural and viticultural products late in the summer. This history would be incomplete if it failed to record the fact that the suc- cess of these exhibitions and the building of the Horti- cultural Hall has been due almost exclusively to the ladies connected with the fruit-growing interests of Santa Clara County. When the subject of holding the first fair was presented, the horticultural society doubted its ability to carry it through to a successful conclusion and the matter was referred to the San Jose Grange. The ladies belonging to this organiza- tion took up the burden, canvassed the county for articles for exhibition, arranged the display, and car- ried the enterprise forward to a phenomenal success. They did the same thing the succeeding year, and the male members of the two organizations, having been shown how to do the work, have since added their assistance. The efforts of the ladies having pointed out the field to be occupied and the methods by which it could be taken into possession, the men marched on to the ground and went into camp. VITICULTURE. Before the American occupation, vines were planted here and there through the valley from cuttings pro- cured from the Mission, but these plantings could hardly be called vineyards. The first planting of any magnitude was made by Charles Lefranc, at the New Almaden Vineyard, in 1852. Mr. Lefranc was born at Passy, a suburb of Paris, and came to California in 1850. In 1857 he married Miss Adele Thee, whose father, Etienne Thee, owned a half interest in the tract of land where the New Almaden Vineyard is now located. Mr. Lefranc purchased the other half in 185 1, and afterwards came into ownership of the whole tract. Mr. Thee had planted a few Mission vines on the place before Mr. Lefranc took charge. The latter gentleman increased the area, planting such of the finer varieties as he could obtain, his idea being to grow grapes for table use. At that time imported wine was a drug in the market, owing to the fact that several vessels having wine cargoes had come into San Francisco and had been abandoned by their crews, who sought the mines. This wine was several years in excess of the demand, and much of it was sold as low as fifteen cents per gallon. With these cargoes on the market there seemed to be no profit in growing grapes for vintage. Mr. Lefranc's early importations were in 1854, and were made through the house of Henry Shroeder, whose agent in France acted for Mr. Lefranc in pro- curing cuttings. The first of these arrived and were planted in the year above mentioned, and each suc- ceeding season added to the varieties. Among these were the Sauvignons, Semillon, Challosse, Menu Pinot, Chauche Gris, Malbec, Cabernet Franc, Pinots, Miller Burgundy, Chasselas Fontainbleau, Chasselas Rose, Madelaine, Muscat Frontignan, Muscat Rose, Black Muscats, Chasselas Muscat, La Folle Blanc, Napoleon, Grenache, Carignan, and others. He also procured some varieties from General Vallejo, who had also made importations from Europe. The Verdal was introduced into this county by Mrs. Le- franc in 1859, who brought the cuttings, on horseback, from the Cafiada Raymunde ranch, they having been presented to her by a Spanish nobleman, who had brought them from the old country. In 1858 Mr. Frank Stock planted a vineyard at the corner of Eighth and William Streets, in San Jose. He imported valuable German varieties, among which were the Johannisberg Reissling, Franklin Reissling, Tramina, Golden Chasselas, and Zinfandel. When this vineyard was discontinued, in 1869, Mr. Stock pre- sented his vines to Mr. Lefranc, who removed them to the New Almaden. In the course of time the glut of French wine at San Francisco disappeared, and there came a demand for more. Then Mr. Lefranc turned his attention to wine-making, his first considerable vintage being in 1862. He continued his plantings until he had one hundred and thirty-one acres in vineyard, the youngest vine now being seven years old. His wine crop in 1887 was eighty-five thousand gallons; in 1888 it is one hundred thousand gallons. We have spoken of the early importations of Louis Pellier, who got several fine varieties in 1854 at the time he introduced the French prune. Antonio Del- mas was also an early importer of vines, his vineyard PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 185 being near where Delmas Avenue now is. Pedro Sansevain also had some good varieties at an early- day. Victor Speckens had a vineyard containing some choice vines, which were in bearing in 1868. This vineyard went into the hands of John Auzerais, who enlarged it and planted many new varieties. This place is a short distance east of Berryessa, on the Penetencia Creek. The principal plantings of noble varieties, after these above noted, were made from 1868 to 1871. The Stocktons planted the Gravelly Ridge Vineyard, southwest from San Jose, now the property of Gaines & Crandall. D. M. Harwood planted the Lone Hill Vineyard, near Lefranc's, now the property of C. Freyschlag. Frank Richmond planted in the same neighborhood, now known as the Arnerich place. In 1 87 1 Norman Porter planted the vineyard in the Cupertino District now owned by Captain Merithew. The Cupertino District has become famous for its vines, and a brief account of its development will not be uninteresting. In 1849 Elisha Stevens, who was captain of the Murphy party in 1844, settled on the ranch now known as " Blackberry Farm," and gave his name to Stevens Creek. He planted about four acres of Mission grapes in the creek bottom. He also planted blackberries, and from this came the name of the place. Soon after this a Spaniard named Novato, who had settled in the foot-hills near Perma- nente Creek, planted a few cuttings from Captain Stevens' vineyard. With the exception of random patches here and there, this was all the planting done in this district until 1870. Much of the land was thin and covered with chemissal, and had no reputation either for fertility or endurance. Many grain farmers became poor in endeavoring to make a living there, and it was considered a pure waste of money to in- vest it. in grape cuttings and in the labor required to plant and care for them. In 1870 Mr. S. R. Williams came into the district and took a contract from Wm. Hall to clear and plant one hundred acres to vines, and care for them for three years for half. He did this and received his deed for fifty acres. Part of this tract was on the original claim located by Captain Stevens. The next vineyard planted was that of Norman Porter, as related above. About this time the report reached this district that the people of Sonoma and Napa Counties were digging up their vines as unprofitable, and this put an end to further plantings in Cupertino for some time, except so far as Williams was concerned. He extended his vine- yard and retained his faith in the industry. Porter became sick of his investment and sold out just as his vines came into bearing, and, it is said, the first 24 crop harvested by the grantee amounted to the money paid for the place! However this may be, it is cer- tain that the great growth and product of the vines dissipated the fears of the people, and a general era of plantint^r began. Williams planted still more. He was followed by Portal, who set out the Burgundy Vineyard, and J. F. Thompson, who planted forty acres adjoining. They were followed by Hall, Gardner, Doyle, Wright, Montgomery, Bubb, Farr, Blabon, Hallenbeck, Combe, and others. These plantings were mostly made from 1880 to 1885. They were of the choicest varieties that could be had, and the result has indicated that the despised chemissal land is their true home. While this district was being developed, other sec- tions were undergoing a similar transformation. The Union and Los Gatos Districts, Evergreen, Madrone, and the Collins Districts, the foot-hills above Sara- toga, and on the opposite side of the valley towards the Mission San Jose, were in many places converted into vineyards. Most of the vines on the San Fran- cisco road, and Boyter road, north and west of Santa Clara, have been planted since 1880, as were the vine- yards of Bingham & Edwards, Paul O. Burns, Hen- ning, and others, near Evergreen. In 1856 Lyman J. Burrill planted grapes in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near the summit. He was followed by D. C. Felley, H. C. Morrill, and others. From this district were sent the grapes that carried off the important premiums at the New Orleans Exposition of 1 884. The Mountain District, as it is called, produces exceptionally fine table grapes, hundreds of tons of which are annually shipped to the Eastern market. The business of wine-making has hardly kept up with the enormous strides of the grape-growers, but has lately added to its speed and will overtake its companion in the near future. Too many growers depended on the professional wine-makers for a mar- ket, and have found that the crops were too large for the presses, cellars, and cooperage. Several large wineries were built in 1887-88, and the business of wine storage, as an investment, is being favorably considered by local capitalists. There seems to be no doubt that the question, " What shall we do with our grapes ?" will be as satisfactorily answered as was the similar question in regard to the fruit crop. To summarize the condition of the fruit and vine interests of Santa Clara County at this time, 1888, there are, in round numbers, twenty thousand acres planted to fruit trees, and fifteen thousand acres planted to vines. The value of this crop this year is estimated at $3,500,000, all of which is new money brought into the county. -so os^® vSD CHURCHES. 11 J- ETHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.— Is -i '^ situated on the west side of Second Street, near its intersection with Santa Clara Street. The or- ganization was effected in the fall of 1849, with the following members: Wm. Campbell, Mark Will- iams and wife, Asa Finley and wife, John Jones and wife, Mrs. Nancy Young, and a French gentle- man and wife whose names are forgotten. Very soon after, a building on Third Street, opposite Moody's mills, was purchased by them and dedicated early in the year 1850. July, 1853, it was moved to the corner of Second and Santa Clara Streets, and enlarged. In 1868 a frame building, capable of holding six hundred persons, was erected on the lot upon which the present edifice now stands. On the twenty-second of February, 1868, this church was burned to the ground by a supposed anti-Chinese incendiary. The loss was $18,000. Another building was erected on the same site, at a cost of $21,000, and was dedicated on the eighteenth'of July, 1869, Bishop Kingsley preaching the sermon. There have been seventeen pastors appointed to the charge since its organization, as follows: Revs. Charles McClay, William J. McClay (twice), Mr. Brier, Robert R. Dunlap, William Hulbert, John Daniels, Mr. Phillips, R. Y. Cool, Thomas Dunn (twice), P. G. Buchanan, Isaac Owens, D. A. Dryden, John R. Tanzy, E. S. Todd, C. C. Stratton, R. L. Horford, Frank F. Jewell, Robert Bentley, T. S. Dunn, Frank F. Jewell, D. D. In 1882, about $8,000 was expended in building a brick addition to base- ment of church for use of Sunday-school, social hall, etc., and in placing a new organ in the church. The church has been refurnished throughout, and $2,000 of the church debt paid off this year. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. — On the twenty- fifth day of May, 185 1, Rev. A.L.Wynne organized this society with the following-named members: Charles Campbell, Nancy Campbell, Margaret Campbell, (186) c^^, Elizabeth Ray, Alexander Hatler, Nancy Hatler, Marcus Williams, Anson Williams, and J. W. Powell. The first building was on the corner of Second and San Fernando Streets, and was constructed of brick, and was used as a place of worship until the fall of 1874, when it was removed to give place to the present wood structure now used by the church as a house of worship. Mr. Wynne was succeeded as the pastor of this church in 1854 by the Rev. Mr. Graham. In 1855 Rev. B. F. Johnson was the pastor. In 1856 and 1857 Rev. O. P. Fitzgerald, D. D., was the pastor. He was succeeded by the Rev. J. C. Simmons, who served for two years. Rev. Mr. Rubel was the successor of Mr. Simmons, and served in i860. Rev. Morris Evans was pastor in 1861 and Jo.seph Emory in 1862. Rev. O. P. Fitzgerald, D. D., was returned to this station in the fall of 1862 and served during 1863 and 1864. Rev. George Sim was the pastor in 1865 to 1867. Rev. W. F. Compton was pastor in 1868 and 1869, and Rev. A. M. Bailey in 1870. In the fall of 1870 Rev. George Sim was again appointed and served for two years. Rev. J. C. Simmons was again the pastor in 1873. Rev. Mr. Hopkins came to the charge in the fall of 1873, and remained until the fall of 1876. Mr. Hop- kins was succeeded by the Rev. E. K. Miller, who remained two years, and was succeeded by Rev. H. B. Avery, in 1878, and resigned October, 1880. He was succeeded by Rev. George Sim, who remained in charge till the fall of 1883, when he was succeeded by J. W. Atkinson, who resigned October, 1885. During Mr. Atkinson's term the remainder of the church debt, amounting to $1,100, was paid. Mr. Atkinson was succeeded by C. Y. Rankin, D. D. Since Mr. Rankin's incumbency, the church has been renovated, and new rooms opened up. The mem- bership has been increasing steadily. The church, during the past year, has purchased the following property: House and lot on Delmas Avenue, same being used as a permanent home for the presiding PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 187 elder of San Francisco district ; iiouse and lot on South Seventh Street, residence of the pastor of the church. E. R. Bailey is superintendent of the Sun- day-school, and has over one hundred children under his charge. Fzrsi Baptist Church. — Organized May 19, 1850, by Rev. O. C. Wheeler, of San Francisco, who was the first Baptist minister on the Pacific Coast. It had only eight members at the beginning. This small membership could not afford to engage a per- manent pastor, and arrangements were made by which monthly meetings were held, which were conducted by Mr. Wheeler. In November of that year a lot was purchased, and a building erected, at the corner of Third and Santa Clara Streets. Here Rev. L. O. Grenell, from the Baptist Home Missionary Society, took temporary charge, and in the following Feb- ruary was elected permanent pastor. The place of meeting was afterwards moved to the corner of Sec- ond and San Antonio Streets, where a brick building had been erected for that purpose. In 1877 a new and commodious structure was built, which was burned in 1882. The present tabernacle was then erected. The pastor now officiating is Rev. A. W. Runyon, who was called in 1887. Trinity Church (Episcopal). — Rev. S. S. Etheridge began the regular services of the Episcopal Church in San Jose, in November, i860, occupying the old City Hall. The first organization of the parish of Trinity Church was made in February, 1861. Trinity Church was built in 1863. The Rev. S. S. Etheridge continued in charge of the parish until his death, in February, 1864. After his death the Rev. T. A. Hyland officiated for some months. The Rev. D. D. Chapin was then called to the rectorship, and re- mained in charge until January, 1866. During this time the mortgage upon the church lot was removed, and improvements were made upon the church and grounds. In April, 1866, the Rev. E. S. Peake was called and remained rector until December i, 1870. On July 27, 1867, the whole debt of the church hav- ing been removed, or assumed by individuals in the vestry and congregation, the building was consecrated to the worship of God by Bishop Kip. In January, 1 87 1, the Rev. Geo. Wm. Foote was called to the rectorship of the church. In 1876 the church was enlarged to nearly double its former capacity, and much improved. In 1872 the rectory was built. In 1880 four stained windows were presented to the church, and the Sunday-school was presented with a chime of five bells. Mr. Foote resigned the rec- torship in October, 1884, and was succeeded by the Rev. J. B. Wakefield, D. D., who came from Rich- mond, Indiana, where he was rector of St. Paul's Church for twenty-nine years. Since Mr. Wakefield's appointment the church has been completed by the erection of a tower and spire, and a considerable sum is now on hand for the building of a chapel, guild rooms, etc., to be built upon an adjoining lot. The church is in a prosperous condition, and has over four hundred communicants. Christian Church. — This church was first organized about 1870. The members met in a little hall over the Home Mutual Fire Insurance Company's office, on Santa Clara Street; Rev. Cary, minister. They afterwards met in Champion Hall for several years. Rev. W. D. Pollard officiating. In March, 1883, Rev. J. W. Ingram came to San Jose from Omaha, Ne- braska, and was appointed minister. The members then moved to the California Theater, where they held their meetings until January, 1885, when they moved into their new church, which had been erected on Second Street, between San Antonio and San Fer- nando Streets. When Mr. Ingram first took charge, the membership was about fifty, and has gradually increased in humbers. At the present writing they have a membership of three hundred. On July 15, 1888, Mr. Ingram resigned, and was succeeded by George E. Walk. The First United Presbyterian Church of San Jose. — This church was organized November 6, 1874, twenty- eight members uniting at that time. Rev. A. Cal- houn, by appointment of the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, commenced missionary work in San Jose in the fall of 1874, and remained in charge until the spring of 1879, when he was chosen pastor of the congregation, and regularly installed by the United Presbytery of San Francisco. The organization occupied a little hall over the San Jose Savings Bank, now the Home Mutual Insurance Company's building, for about four years. In the fall of 1878, the congregation erected a church on the corner of Fifth and Santa Clara Streets, the lot and church costing them over twelve thousand dollars. The location is good and the church a model of neatness and comfort. The Society of Friends. — The first religious meeting of the Society of Friends, otherwise known as Quak- ers, was held in June, 1866, in the building at the corner of Ninth and St. John Streets. The lot was donated by Jesse and David Hobson. In 1873 these meetings were regularly organized under the author- 188 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ity and discipline of the Iowa Yearly Meeting' of the Society of Friends. Jane M. F. Canney and Adon- ijah Gregory were the regularly appointed ministers. In 1886 the society purchased a lot on Stockton Avenue, near the Alameda, and erected a neat meet- ing-house, where services are now held. German Methodist Episcopal Church. — This church was founded in the year 1861, by Rev. A. Kellner, but the first regular pastor was Rev. G. H. Bollinger. After the lapse of several years, the Rev. Hermann Brueck arrived, in 1868, and preached to the German residents in the old City Hall, when a small society was formed and a Sunday-school organized. Mr. Brueck's term of service lasted three years, when he was suc- ceeded by Rev. C. H. Afflerbach. During the first year of this gentleman's administration the present valuable church property, on Third Street, between Santa Clara and San Fernando Streets, was acquired. Mr. Afflerbach served four years, and was succeeded by the Rev. G. H. Bollinger, who served a term of three years, and was succeeded by Rev. F. Bonn, who served four years, and was succeeded by Rev. F. A. Worth, who had charge for four years. Mr. Worth was succeeded by Rev. C. H. Afflerbach, who is now the pastor. The church has a membership of about one hundred. The First Congregational Church of San Jose. — Services were first held in connection with this church April II, 1875. On May 3, an "ecclesiastical society" was formed, and on June 2, 1875, the church was organized, Rev. Theodore T. Munger acting pastor, who officiated until the appointment of Rev. M. Wil- let in 1879, who served for three years and was suc- ceeded by Rev. Martin Post. Mr. Post was succeeded by Rev. Chas. W. Hill, who is the present pastor. The church building was first erected on San Antonio be- tween Second and Third Streets. In 1887 .the build- ing was moved to the corner of Second and San Antonio Streets, and a large addition was built to it, making in all a very handsome structure. The new building was dedicated December 27, 1887. Evangelical Association. — This society was formed in October, 1879, with Rev. F. W. Voeglein acting as pastor. The meetings were held in Druid's Hall on First Street until 1881, when they moved into their new church, which had been erected on their lot on the corner of Second and Julian Streets. Mr. Voeglein left for Japan in 1882, and was succeeded in turn by the following-named gentlemen: Revs. F. W. Fisher, T. Suher, C. Gruen, and F. A. Frase. Mr. Frase came in May, 1887, and is now officiating as pastor. First Presbyterian Church of San Jose. — This church was organized on the afternoon of October 7, 1849, by Rev. Mr. Douglass, James Mathers and his wife, Sarah Warren Dutton, S. W. Hopkins, Oliver Crane, Austin Arnold, and Dr. James C. Cobb. The first services were held in the juzgado, or judgment hall, of the Alcade's court. The organization was called the Independent Presbyterian Church of San Jose. The first sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered in February, 1850, in a blue tent made by " Grandma" Bascom. Mr. Brayton succeeded the Rev. Mr. Douglass as pastor, and was duly installed) and first administered the sacrament October 6, 1850- Up to this time the State House had been used, in conjunction with the Baptists, as a place of worship. In the latter part of 1850 a neat building of wood was erected on a fifty-vara lot situated on the east side of Second Street between Santa Clara and St. James Streets. This building cost $3,000, and was dedicated February 9, 185 1, by Rev. S. H. Wiley. Mr. Brayton, the pastor, resigned January, 1852, and was succeeded by the Rev. Eli Corwin. On March 19, 1865, the name of the church was changed from that of the Independent Church of San Jose to the First Presbyterian Church of San Jose. Mr. Corwin severed his connection with the church in the month of October, 1858, and was succeeded by the Rev. L. Hamilton, who entered upon his labors as pastor May i, 1859. Mr. Hamilton's incumbency continued until the end of 1864. On January 10, 1865, the Rev. William Wisner Martin was elected in his place. Mr. Martin was taken ill and never returned to his parish. He was succeeded by Rev. James S. Wylie. Mr. Wylie ten- dered his resignation and the same was accepted March 25, 1869. On account of damages done to the church building by an earthquake, October 10, 1868, services were held in the Young Men's Christian Association Building. On April 4, 1869, Murphy's Hall, at the corner of Market and El Dorado Streets, was secured, and the assistance of Rev. P. V. Veeder engaged. The pulpit was without a permanent min- ister until October 28, 1869, at which time the Rev. William Alexander was appointed. Mr. Alexander resigned March 28, 1871, and was succeeded by the Rev. Eben Morrison Betts, who was appointed Octo- ber 22, 1871. On July 15, 1877, he resigned the pastoral office, and was succeeded November 4, 1878, by Rev. John Paul Egbert, who served a term of four years. For several years subsequent to Mr. Egbert's resig- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 189 nation, the church was without a regular minister. In 1884, Rev. H. C. Minton was elected pastor, and is now occupying that position. Unitarian Church. — First organized as the Unity Society of San Jose, in 1867. The pastors up to April, 1888, were: Charles G. Ames, J. W. Hatch, D. Cronyn, W. W. McKaig, and Mr. Fowler. Its meet- ings were held in Murphy's Hall, corner of Market and El Dorado Streets; then at Armory Hall, after- wards San Jose Opera House; then at Music Hall; then at California Theater. In April, 1888, the Unity Society dissolved and the Unitarian Church was or- ganized, with N. A. Haskell as pastor. St. Josepfis Catholic Church. — The history of the Catholic Church has been told all through this narra- tive. It was the pioneer of the county, and has ex- erted its influence during all the subsequent years. The first building, as we have related, was erected in 1803. In 1835 a better building, constructed of adobes, was erected on the same site. This building was after- wards encased in brick. It endured many vicissitudes, having been racked by earthquakes, and was finally destroyed by fire. The present magnificent building was erected during the last ten years, having been completed in 1887. It stands over the site of the original church of 1803. ARTESIAN WELLS. In the early days of the American occupation, the scarcity of good water was one of the greatest incon- veniences which the inhabitants of San Jose had to contend with. The Mexican people procured water for household purposes from the acequias, or irrigat- ing ditches, that traversed the pueblo in several places. The most important of these was the one from the Canoas Creek, that ran northerly through the town, west of Market Street, and this was kept open, and a guard placed over it, for several years after the present city government was instituted. This, in addition to being neither palatable nor wholesome, was not suffi- cient in quantity to supply the rapidly increasing population. To meet the constantly growing demand, shallow wells were dug at different points. These wells were of an average depth of about eight feet, and although they increased the supply of water, could not improve its quality. "Grandma Bascom's story," told in the foregoing pages, describes one of these pioneer wells. They were mere holes in the ground without walls, or curbing, or pumps. This state of things continued until 1854, when the Merritt Brothers built their brick house on Fifth Street. In January of that year they commenced boring for a lower stratum of water, seeking a stream that did not act as a sewer for all the accumulated filth on the surface of the ground. They struck water at fifty feet deep, but determined to go deeper. At eighty feet they tapped a stream that came rushing to the surface like the eruption of a volcano. The hole was six inches in diameter, and the pressure was suffi- cient, as Mr. Hall says in his "History of San Jose," to run a saw-mill. The success met in prospecting this well, immediately induced the boring of others. In the same month, Mr. J. S. Shepard had a well sunk on his place about three miles east of town. Thfs well went through muck and clay to a depth of seventy- five feet, to a stratum of sand. Five feet in this sand the water was struck, and although the pipe was ex- tended sixteen feet above the surface of the ground, the water came out of the top as though forced by powerful machinery. During the next month T. Meyers bored a well, getting a plentiful supply of water. But the greatest well in the history of the county was bored in August of the same year, by G. A. Dabney, near San Fernando Street. Mr. Hall thus describes it : "After boring six feet, the auger en- tered a bed of clay, through which, a distance of fifty- four feet, it penetrated, when the water rushed up with a force unknown here in well-boring. It flooded the surrounding lands so that it became a serious question how the water should be disposed of. The city coun- cil declared it a nuisance, and passed an ordinance directing Dabney to stop or control the flow of water; and, if not, he should pay a fine of $50 for every day he allowed it thus to run. The ordinance had no ef- fect on the dynamical properties of the water, nor any on Dabney; it flowed on, rising nine feet above the surface of the ground for about six weeks, when other wells which were bored in that vicinity lessened its force and volume. It was a curiosity and received visitors daily. A stream flowed therefrom four feet wide and six inches deep." After this demonstration of the fact that artesian water was to be had, there was no more complaint in regard to lack of this necessary fluid. The old ace- quia fell into disuse and finally disappeared. Wells were sunk in various localities, and always with good results; but as the wells accumulated the force of the flow was somewhat diminished, as in the case of Dabney's well, except as new streams were tapped. Especially were wells made on the lower land to the north of town, for irrigating purposes. At one time the California Land Investment Company, which had 190 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." acquired several thousand acres of salt-marsh land along the shore of the bay, attempted to reclaim it by means of artesian wells. The project was to build levees around their property to shut out the sea, pump out the salt water, and replace it with fresh artesian water. They went so far as to bore many wells, but abandoned the project, either because it was impracticable, or on account of the expense. The wells, however, were a great source of annoy- ance to the people to the north. Being allowed to flow continually, the water in other wells was low- ered, until many of them ceased to flow at all. The matter became so disastrous that an act was passed by the Legislature declaring it a misdemeanor to per- mit flowing artesian wells to remain uncapped when not in use. After much labor this law was enforced, and the injured wells recovered their vigor. Perhaps no natural peculiarity of the Santa Clara Valley has been so little understood as the location of artesian streams. Many attempts have been made to trace and locate the artesian belt, but it is continu- ally being struck outside these locations, and no one now cares to risk his reputation by saying where it is not. It was at first thought to lie exclusively be- tween San Jose and the bay, following the lower levels of the valley. In 1870 artesian water was sup- posed to have been found in the San Felipe Valley, southeast of Gilroy. But one night a well, windmill, tank, house, and frame, on the property of Mr. Buck, sunk out of sight, and the longest sounding -line was unable to discover its whereabouts ! This indicated that the supply was a lake, and not a stream. In 1887 flowing artesian water was found at Gilroy, and that neighborhood is likely to be fully developed in this respect. Mr. R. C. McPherson, who for ten years has been sinking oil wells in the Santa Cruz Mount- ains, says that often the pressure of water is so great as to force itself through the seams of pipe that was considered to be perfectly water-tight. With all the facts understood, there can be no doubt that artesian water can be had at any point in the valley, not excepting the higher grounds near the foot-hills. As yet no efficient prospect has been made, except in the region generally accepted as the artesian belt; but we feel assured that a well sunk to a depth of twenty-five hundred feet would find a stream with sufficient force to give a surface flow, in the most unlikely location. The well-boring machin- ery and tools used at the present time are inadequate for these deep wells on the higher grounds. The der- rick is usually but twenty feet high, the tools are of comparatively frail construction, and the work is all done by hand. We predict that when the company now being organized begins to prospect for natural gas, with proper implements, the artesian belt will be found to be practically limitless. BANKS. T/ie Bank of San Jose. — The pioneer bank in the Santa Clara Valley was opened for business in March, 1866, by W. J. Knox and T. Ellard Beans, under the firm title of Knox & Beans, and was 'conducted as a private banking house until January 31, 1868, on which date it was incorporated as a State bank, be- ing the first bank incorpora.ted in interior California. The first officers were John G. Bray, President; T. Ellard Beans, Cashier and Manager; John T. Cala- han was appointed Assistant Cashier in 1880, which position he still holds; C. W. Pomeroy, Secretary. The capital stock is $200,000. In 1870 Mr. Bray died, and Mr. Beans became president, which posi- tion he still holds. Henry Philip succeeded him as cashier, and acted in that capacity till 1875, when Clement T. Park, the present cashier, succeeded him. In 1 87 1 the Bank of San Jose Block, on the north- east corner of First and Santa Clara Streets, was be- gun, and completed the following year. The build- ing has a frontage of ninety feet on Santa Clara Street, and one hundred feet on First, is symmetrical in architectural design, and cost $120,000. Besides the commodious banking rooms, there are several finie stores on the first floor. The second floor is occu- pied, in part, by the San Jose Board of Trade, and the remainder and the upper story are devoted to offices. The bank has been under the able management of Mr. Beans throughout its entire history, and its career has been one of marked success, as the following facts and figures show: The Bank of San Jose has paid two hundred and forty dividends up to July i, 1888, aggregating two hundred and ninety-one per cent of the par value of the capital stock, with an additional surplus of seventy-five per cent. It does strictly a commercial business; has correspondents in San Fran- cisco, New York, and London, on which it draws direct. T. Ellard Beans was born in Salem, Ohio, sixty years ago. His early business life was passed in mer- cantile pursuits; spent two years in a banking house in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Came to California in 1849; directed his attention to mining for a time, and later was engaged in merchandising in Nevada City seven years; came near losing his life by the great ^, /): /??^j^^^ PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 191 fire in that place in 1856. He came to San Jose in 1866, and the same year projected and established the bank, as before stated. Mr. Beans is one of that honored class termed self-made men, and has long been regarded as one of San Jose's most able and re- liable business men. Tke First National Bank of San Jose was organ- ized July II, 1874, with a paid-up capital of $500,000. Mr. W. D. Tisdale, the present president, was its first cashier, and has been the active manager of the bank from its organization. The bank is situated on the southwest corner of First and Santa Clara Streets. It does a general commercial banking business, and draws direct on San Francisco, New York, and the principal cities of Europe, having correspondents in the leading banks of those cities. The First Na- tional pays no interest on deposits. The fourteen years of its business life have been years of steady prosperity and growth. The accumulated surplus and dividends aggregate $176,000; and the present deposits are about $600,000. In 1880 W. D. Tisdale became president, and L. G. Nesmith, hitherto as- sistant cashier, became cashier, which position he now holds. The bank employs six clerks, besides the officers. Mr. Tisdale came to the Pacific Coast in 1854, when nine years of age, and was for many years identified with mining interests in Nevada County, California. He settled in San Jose, in 1872, and soon after, with others, took steps to organize the bank. Mr. Tisdale is of old Mohawk Dutch stock, the son of William L. Tisdale (now a resident of Santa Clara County), and was born in Utica, New York. He married Miss Gephart, a native of Mich- igan. They have four children. William L. Tisdale has been a resident of this State since early in fifty, and now lives on the Alameda, retired from active business. He is a stockholder in the First National Bank. The Garden City National Bank was chartered and organized on the third day of June, 1887, and opened for business on July 18, 1887, with $100,000 capital paid in. Dr. C. W. Brcyfogle, who projected and perfected its organization, was chosen president, George M. Bowman, vice-president, and Thomas F. Morrison, cashier. The bank, being a regular national bank, confines its transactions to commercial business solely. It is situated on the northwest corner of First and San Fernando Streets, almost in the geographical center of San Jose, and occupies a beautiful suite of banking rooms, fitted up expressly for its use, with a ten years' lease. The eighteen stockholders are among the best known, most competent, and suc- cessful business men of Santa Clara County. The bank draws directly upon San Francisco, New York, and all the principal cities of Europe, and has cor- respondents in all important commercial centers. The Garden City, the youngest of San Jose's banking houses, starts off" under very promising auspices. Its brief history so far fills the measure of the most san- guine projectors. At the end of its first eight months' operations the report showed $177,894.51 in indi- vidual deposits; demand certificate deposits amount- ing to $48,150.13, and undivided profits of $5,37045. Dr. C. W. Breyfogle emanates from the heart of the Buckeye State, was born in Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1841. He was graduated from Ohio Wes- leyan University, in 1863, having completed a four years' college course in three years. The same year he left college he entered the U. S. army as Second Lieutenant of Company E in the 9th Ohio Cavalry, which was assigned to Gen. W. T. Sherman's com- mand. Lieutenant Breyfogle soon rose, by suc- cessive promotions, to First Lieutenant and to Cap- tain of his company. His eyesight becoming seriously impaired by an attack of paralysis of the optic nerve. Captain Breyfogle was compelled to resign at the end of fourteen months of service, and seek relief After a partial recovery from his affliction, he began reading law in the office of Judge Rankin, in Co- lumbus; but just before he finished the course his eyes again failed, and he had to abandon study. On being cured by homeopathic treatment, Mr. Breyfogle was so pleased with the system that he resolved to master it. He began to study, and, in 1865, grad- uated from the Homeopathic Medical College at Philadelphia, and commenced practice. Two of his brothers followed his example, studied medicine with him, and are practicing physicians. Dr. Breyfogle came to California and to San Jose in 1 87 1, broken down in health by overwork in the profession in Louisville, Kentucky. He rapidly re- covered, and spent fifteen years in active practice in Santa Clara Countj'^, from which he retired to take the presidency of the bank. In May, 1886, Dr. Breyfogle was elected mayor of the city, and filled the office two years. During his administration a number of measures of great benefit to the city were inaugurated and crystallized into laws. Among them is an ordinance authorizing the issuing of city bonds for $500,000 for the purpose of making much-needed improvements. This measure met with a determined 192 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." opposition, and one defeat, but finally triumphed. The new City Hall was commenced, and a general system of sidewalk construction started. In Febru- ary, 1885, Dr. Breyfogle organized the San Jose Building and Loan Association, with a capital stock of two thousand five hundred shares of $200 each. The stock was so rapidly taken that, at the end of the first year, the stock was increased to $1,500,000, in series of one thousand shares each. The associa- tion has proved very popular, and is a benefaction to home-seekers of small means. It has ei'ected about eighty buildings, mostly in San Jose. In the same year (1885) Dr. Breyfogle also organized the Odd Fellows' Association, for the purpose of building a hall for the order. This enterprise was a flattering suc- cess, culminating in the erection and completion of the splendid block on the southwest corner of Santa Clara and Third Streets, one of the finest in the city. Dr. Breyfogle is a member of the Board of Free- holders, and has served in the City Board of Educa- tion. Thus it will be seen that Dr. Breyfogle is an enterprising, public-spirited, cultured gentleman, of whom the city may well feel proud. Tke San Jose Safe Deposit Bank of Savings first opened its doors for business on the first day of May, 1885, as an incorporated institution under the laws of California, in the Safe Deposit Block, on the southeast corner of Santa Clara and First Streets, with Mr. E. McLaughlin as manager. On May 4, 1869, Mr. E. McLaughlin and C. T. Ryland established a private banking house in a building previously erected for the purpose by Mr. McLaughlin, on Santa Clara Street, between First and Second Streets. Mr. Mc- Laughlin had intended to open the bank himself, but the partnership was formed with Mr. Ryland before he was ready to start. In 1872 the firm erected the Safe Deposit Block, which it moved into and occu- pied until their business was merged into the Com- mercial Savings Bank, two years later. The Commer- cial Savings Bank was organized as a joint-stock company, with Messrs. E. McLaughlin, C. T. Ryland, and Martin Murphy as stockholders, and opened for business May 13, 1874, with E. McLaughlin as active manager. It leased the banking rooms in the Safe Deposit Block, and occupied them until it moved to the opposite corner, in 1886. In January, 1883, Mr. McLaughlin disposed of his interest in the bank and retired from its management. In February of the same year he purchased Mr. Ryland's interest in the Safe Deposit Block. Ever since it was opened, the Safe Deposit Bank has been under the official control of Mr. McLaughlin as manager, with M. Malarin as president, and John E. Auzerais as cashier. Its ele- gant banking rooms are equipped with one of the largest and best safety deposit vaults on the Pacific Coast, or in the whole country. It is thirty-one feet long, twelve feet four inches broad; is fitted up with small safety vaults for private individuals; has double doors with time-locks, and is both fire and burglar proof The bank does both a commercial and savings business. It keeps its own accounts with New York and London, and has its own independent connec- tions with business in those cities, as well as with San Francisco. The paid up capital of the bank is $300,- 000, with a reserve fund of $75,000, and a nominal capital of $1,000,000. It pays interest on deposits. E. McLaughlin is a native of the Keystone State, born in Philadelphia in 1829. His early life was chiefly passed in New Orleans. He came to .Califor- nia during the gold excitement, and embarked in the hardware business in Nevada County in 1852. In 1866 he sold out and spent a year in Europe, and on returning, came to San Jose in 1868, with the inten- tion of retiring from active business. But not feeling contented to be idle, he decided to engage in banking, and erected the building for that purpose before men- tioned. He still is interested in the hardware busi- ness in Los Angeles. The Safe Deposit Block (which he sold to the bank for $200,000) is one of the finest business blocks in interior California. It is three stories in height and beautiful in architectural design, having a frontage of one hundred and twenty-six and one-half feet on First Street, seventy feet on Santa Clara, and one hundred and thirty-eight feet on Foun- tain Street. Besides the splendid banking-rooms, there are several stores on the first floor. The other stories are used for offices. The Commercial and Savings Bank was organized May 13, 1874. It first occupied rooms in the Safe Deposit Block, but in 1885, on the organization of the Safe Deposit Bank of Savings, it moved to its pres- ent quarters at the northwest corner of Santa Clara and First Streets. Its capital is $1,000,000, of which $300,000 is paid up. Its surplus fund amounts to $180,000. Its officers are B. D. Murphy, president; F. P. Ryland, cashier; John T. McGeoghegan, sec- retary. SOCIETIES. Odd Fellows^ Hall Association. — This association was organized in December, 1884. The capital stock consists of four thousand and five hundred shares PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 193 valued at $io per share. The stock was subscribed for, and the money paid in long before the comple- tion of the building. The building is located on the corner of Santa Clara and Third Streets. There are two large halls in the upper story used for lodge rooms, which are probably as spacious and elegantly fitted up as any lodge rooms in the State. The promoters of this organization deserve a great deal of credit for the enterprise and energy displayed by them in thus adding to San Jose one of its most handsome build- ings. The association has paid regular dividends and the stock is now held at a premium. The present officers are : C. W. Breyfogle, Presi- dent; Henry Phelps, Vice-President; C. W. Pomeroy> Treasurer; M. H. Hyland, Secretary; D. J. Porter' C, D. Freitag, J. Jacqulin, Henry Phelps, C. W. Brey- fogle, Karl Klein, and Jacob Lenzen, Directors. San Jose Lodge, No. j^, L O. O. F. — This was the first Lodge of I. O. O. F. instituted in Santa Clara County. It was organized at San Jose, December 30, 1854, with the following charter members and first officers of the Lodge : O. P. Watson, T. R. Kibbe, Jas. H. Morgan, John R. Wilson, Wm. Brothers, F. F. Letcher, Jas. M. Merritt, John R. Price, G. B, Crane, M. D. First officers of the Lodge : Past Grands, T. R. Kibbe, George Peck; O. P. Watson, Noble Grand; Jas. H. Morgan, Vice-Grand; John R. Wilson, Recording Secretary; John B. Hewson, Permanent Secretary; Geo. B. Crane, Treasurer. The present officers are : M. Pixley, P. G.; Plin Ford, N. G.; H. P. Larautte, V. G.; M. H. Hyland, R. S.; Hugh Young, P. S.; H. Moser, Treasurer; Thomas Williams, Henry Phelps, and Dr. J. C. Stout, Trustees. Garden City Lodge, No. 1^2, L 0. O. F., was insti- tuted March 20, 1868, with the following charter members : R. S. Carter, J. P. Backesto, F. T. Risdon. A. P. Hulse, G. W. Kneedler, C. C. Cook, H. E. Hills, R. Scott, C. W. Pomeroy, D. J. Porter and C. G. Button. The Lodge now has two hundred and fifty members, and has assets amounting to about $12,000. The following are the Noble Grands from organization to date : C. C. Cook, Robert Scott, C. W, Pomeroy, A. R. Manly, D. C. Vestal, D. J. Porter, S. A. Barker, H. A. Crawford, J. H. Miller, M. H. Gay, William Grant, J. W. Haskell, J. B. .Church, T. J. Cook, J. A. Lotz, H. H. Curtis, H. T. Wells, C. L. W. Sykes, G. H. Blakeslee, W. L. Coombs, W. M. Ginty, H. L. Cutter, C. H. Simonds, L. J. Chipman, Robert Caldwell, C. J. Owen, Homer Prindle, B. G. Allen, C. W. Breyfogle, H. W. Cote, as John Manzer, W. A. Parkhurst, J. J. Bradley, George Lendrum, W. H. Hammond, P. F. Gosbey, R. P. Munroe, C. A. Hubback, J. P. Jarman, H. A. Saxe, A. C. Bates, and S. B. Caldwell. The other officers at present are: C. J. Owen, R. S.; J. R. Bailey, P. S.; and J. A. Tully, Treasurer. Allemania Lodge, No. 178, 1. 0. 0. F. — The estab- lishment of this Lodge dates September 2, 1870, the following being the charter members : Charles E. Raabe, Theodore Gebler, C. Claassen, J. Knipper, H. Albert, F. Biebrach, Jacob Haub, and Louis Ran- schenbach. The original officers were : C. E. Rabb, N. G. ; T. Gebler, V. G.; C. Claassen, Ti'easurer, and J. Knipper, Secretary. Stella Rebekah Degree Lodge, No. 22, I. 0. O. F. — This Lodge was instituted January 12, 1875, with the under-mentioned charter members: G. H. Blakeslee, Mrs. G. H. Blakeslee, J. J. Connor, Mary J. Connor, Mrs. D. Ackerman, S. A. Barker, Mrs. S. A. Barker, Mrs. D. J. Porter, F. Buneman, Mrs. F. Buneman, D. Boernert, Mrs. D. Boernert, H. A. Crawford, Mrs. H. A. Crawford, T. J. Cook, Mrs. T. J. Cook, W. L Coombs, Mrs. W. L. Coombs, J. W. Coombs, Mrs. J. W. Coombs, H. H. Curtis, Mrs. H. H. Curtis, Wm. J. Colahan, Mrs. C. Smith, C. Crudts, Mrs. C. Crudts, Milton Campbell, Mrs. M; Campbell, J. F. Chambers, Mrs. J. F. Chambers, G. W. Ethell, Mrs. G. W. Ethell, T. Gebler, Mrs. T. Gebler, A. Gabriel, Mrs. A. Gabriel, Sam. P. Howes, Mrs. Sam. P. Howes, C. A. Hunt, Mrs. C. A. Hunt, C. A. Hough, Mrs. C. A. Hough, S. H. Herring, Mrs. S. H. Herring, J. W. Haskell, Mrs. J. W. Haskell, Jos. Hodgetts, W. A. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jackson, S. B. Jacobs, G. C. Manner, Mrs. R. Kenyon, Henry Lux, R. W. Kibbey, J. Knipper, Mrs. J. Knipper, Jos. A. Lotz, Albert Lake, W. M. Lovell, W. A. Lewis, Mrs. W. A. Lewis, J. McCole, Mrs. J. McCole, Wm. McLeod, Mrs. Wm. McLeod, J. H. Miller, Ben. Miller, Mrs. Ben Miller, H. Moser, Mrs. H. Moser, J. J. Menefee, Mrs. J. J. Menefee, H. Mitchell, Mrs. H. Mitchell, G. Nelson, W. L. Northern, Mrs. W. L. Northern, S. New- son, Mrs. L. C. Newson, Jos. O'Connor, Henry Phelps, C. W. Pomeroy, Mrs. C. W. Pomeroy, A. C. Perkins, Mrs. A. C. Perkins, Jules Pelle, D. J. Porter, Charles Patocchi, W. A. Parkhurst, Mrs. W. A. Parkhurst, Mrs. A. K. Philbrook, H. Piessnecker, Mrs. H. Piess- necker, Louis Ranschenbach, Mrs. D. Ranschenbach, Charles E. Schroder, Charles S. W. Sikes, Mrs. Louisa Sikes, D. L. Shead, Mrs. D. L. Shead, Chas. Shephard, Mrs. C. Shephard, M. Schlessinger, Mrs. M. Schless- 194 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' inger, J. N. Spencer, Mrs. J. N. Spencer, H. J. Stone, Mrs. H. J. Stone, T. C. Winchell, W. C. Wilson, Thomas Williams, Mrs. T. Williams, H. T. Welch, Mrs. H. T. Welch, W. M. Williamson, Leo- pold Weltch, Wm. L. Woodson, Hugh Young, Mrs. H. Young, G. W. Zimmer, Mrs. G. W. Zimmer, A. C. Tedford, L. J. Tedford, Mr?. S. E. Morton, Mrs. Ellen Lux, Mrs. M. L. Loveli, Mrs. Emma Manner, Mrs. Addie Wilcox, Mrs. Esther Eslich, Mrs. E. Pearce, Mrs. E. M. Rhodes, Mrs. Mary Sterens, Mrs. Fanny O'Connor, J. B. Church, Mrs. J. B. Church, D. H. Kelsey, Mrs. D. H. Kelsey, H. J. Jamian, Mrs. H. J. Jamian. The first officers elected were: P. G., C. W. Pomeroy, N. G.; Mr.s. J.J. Crawford, V. G.; Mrs. Mary Jackson, R. S.; Mrs. Louisa Sikes, F. S.; Mr.s. C. A. Hunt, Treas.; Theo. Gebler, I. G.; T. J. Cook, W.; W. L. Woodrow, C; G. W. Ethell, O. G.; Mary A. Williams, R. S. N. G.; Mrs. D. Ranschenbach, L. S. N. G.; Theo. C. Winchell, R. S. V. G.; Gustave Nelson, L. S. V. G. Mouni Hamilto7i Lodge, No. ^j, A. O.U. W. — The Ancient Order of United Workmen organized their Lodge August i, 1878. The original officers were: J. B. Church, P. M. W.; Thomas H. Cordeh, M. W.; A. B. Hamilton, G. F.; W. P. Veuve, O.; James M. Pitman, Recorder; O. A. Hale, F. San Jose Stamm, No. yj, U. O.R.M. — This society, which is a branch of the Red Men's Lodge, was or- ganized April 2, 1865, with the following charter mem- bers: R. Gerdes, L. Schoen, A. Holloway, W. Roese, T. Lenzen, L Moser. The officers were: R. Gerdes, Chief; T. Lenzen, Second Chief; L. Schoen, Secretary, and H. Foertsch, Treasurer. Phil. Sheridan Post, No. 7, Grand Army of the Re- public. — This Post of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic was organized August 10, 1878, with the following- named charter members: W. F. Ellis, A. M. Henkel, H. T. Welch, John White, Charles Smith, John S. Gessell, D. N. Haskell, J. B. Wright, L. L. Nattinger, D. M. Rodibaugh, F. H. Angell. The following is a list of the Post Commanders since the organization of the Post: W. F. Ellis, A. G. Bennett, L L. Nat- tinger, Orrin Taber, Ira Moore, H. S. Foote, H. B. Worcester, J. J. Peard, H. T. Welch, and Bradley Smith. John A. Dix Post, No. i:i.2, G. A. R. — This Post was organized at Druids' Hall, March 23, 1882, at which time thirty-two members were enrolled. The officers were : Orrin Taber, Commander; C. W. Breyfogle, Senior Vice-Commander; George M. Bowman, Junior Vice-Commander; J. H.Russell, Adjutant; J. C. Stout, Quartermaster; A. P. Turner, Chaplain; Dr. Thomas Kelly, Surgeon; A. G. Bennett, Officer of Day; S. Baker, Officer of Guard. In 1884 they moved to what was known as old Masonic Hall, on First Street, where they bought the furniture and fixtures and refitted and decorated the hall throughout. It is now called Grand Army Hall The present officers are: J. C. Stout, Com- mander; W. J. Wolcott, Senior Vice-Commander; S. F. Parker, Junior Vice-Commander; S. B. Anderson, Ad- jutant; N. R. Carson, Quartermaster; J. G. Gale, Chap- lain; J. K. Secord, Surgeon; A. G. Bennett, Officer of Day; M. J. Fancher, Officer of Guard. The following- named have been Post Commanders: George M. Bow- man, J. H. Barber, Judson Rice, C. W. Gausline, A. G. Bennett, J. C. Stout. A riel Lodge, No. 2^8, Independent Order of Bnai Frith. — This Lodge was organized July 12, 1875. The present officers are: E. M.Rosenthal, President; Louis Schloss, Vice-President; Samuel N. Stern, Secretary; J. E. Harris, Financier; E. W. Kowsky, Treasurer; B. M. Bloom, Guard; M. Schlesinger, Sentry. Trus- tees, Jacob Rich, L. Hart, and H. Levy. San Jose Grove, No. 2j, U. A. O. D. — San Jose Grove, No. 23, U. A. O. D., was organized June 11, 1873, by the following Druids: George A. Gebhardt, Adams Schroeder, F. H. Schuoter, J. H. Thompson, Charles Valiant, and Philip Buchele. The present officers are: John Cavallaro, Junior Past Arch; Frank Stebbins, N. A; A. Tullick, V. A.; J.C. McNamara, Recording .Secretary; L. S. Cavallaro, Treasurer; P\ Pozzo, Financial Secretary; A. Quanchi, Conductor; John Jasperizza, Inside Guard; G. A. Bonna, Outside Guard; G. A. Gebhardt, M. Lenzen, C. A. Merkle, Trustees. Past Noble Arches of the Grove are : F. D. Boernert, F. Bayersdofer, H. H. Curtiss, L. S. Caval- laro, Joseph Calice, George A. Gebhardt, S. Gaspal- lon, E. Juth, M. Lenzen, W. W. Markham, C. A. Merkle, G. A. Berd, F. Pozzo, A. Pillot, V. Spagnoli, George Schmidt, M. Trueman, O. Ziglier, and A. M. Gubiotti. Harmony Lodge, No. ^, Order of Sons of Hermann. — This Lodge was organized July 20, 1879. The first officers were: F. Zueschke, President; E. Boernert, Vice-President; P. Warkentin, Secretary; G. Geb- hardt, Treasurer; S. Volk, Conductor; G. Meyer, In- side Guard; E. Heckman, Outside Guard. San Jose Turn- Verein. — This society was organized June 17, 1868, by Henry Seebach, Chris. Yertts, Charles Doerr, E. Reinhardt, F. Hoos, Wm. Con- radys, Wm. Ziegler, Wm. Althaus, Julius Kreiger. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 195 The first officers were: F. Hoos, President; Henry Seebach, Vice-President ; E. Reinhardt, Recording Secretary; C. Doerr, Corresponding Secretary; W. Conradys, Treasurer; W. Ziegler, First Leader; Julius Kreiger, Second Leader; W. Althaus, Curator. San Jose Germania Verein. — The San Jose Verein was started in 1856, and was continued as a German club until 1865, when the Germania was organized. The two were then consolidated and the Germania was instituted. The first President of the San Jose Verein was Louis Krumb, there being associated with him as members Adolph Pfister, John Balbach, Louis Magenheimer, and others. On the formation of the Germania in 1865, Louis Krumb was elected Presi- dent and Dr. Eichler, Secretary. Granger Lodge, No. 2pj, I. O. G. T. — The charter for this Lodge was granted March 2, 1874. The orig- inal officers were S. B. Caldwell, W. C. T.; Jennie M. Young, W. V. T.; Mrs. M. Cozzens, W. Chap.; W. W. Cozzens, W. Sec; Mrs. H. A. Malone, W. A. S.; Mrs. Maria Gulp, W. F. S.; James Eddy, W. T.; W. S. Boyles, W. M. ; Robert Campbell, W. L G ; R. D. Guard, W. O. G.; Kate Cozzens, W. R. H. S.; Mrs. McMahan, W. L. H. S.; Henry Mitchell, P. W. C. T- Phil. Sheridan Relief Corps, No. 2. — Organized De- cember 8, 1883. The following have been its Presi- dents since organization: 1884, Olive Welch; 1885, Emma W. Angcll; 1886, Serena A. Foote; 1887, Sophronia Smith; 1888, Hattie L. Holcombe. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. The San Jose Woolen Mills. — Judge R. F. Peckham visited the Eastern States in 1868, and looked through many of the leading manufacturing establishments, especially those engaged in the production of silk, cotton, and woolen goods. He determined to try to start a woolen mill in San Jose, and to that end gathered all the necessary statistics in regard to the cost, expense of operating, and products of such an institution. He then returned to San Jose, and con- sulted with some of his financial friends in regard to the possibility of raising, by means of a joint-stock company or corporation, the necessary amount of money for the purpose, which had been estimated would require a capital of $200,000. It was decided to organize on a capital of $100,000, build the mill, get it ready for occupation, then double the capital stock, and get the rest of it taken, and call it in by installments as needed for a working capital. In 1869 the building was commenced under the management of Judge Peckham, who had been elected president and managing agent of the company. The cost of the mill was $83,000, leaving only $17,000 of the original capital. The capital stock was doubled and put upon the market; but after a thorough can- vass of the county $17,000 of the new capital was all that could be converted, and the concern was com- pelled to start with a cash capital of $30,000, barely enough to pay running expenses for ten weeks. As manufacturing was a new thing in the State, capitalists had no confidence in the project and refused to ad- vance money except at rates of interest that would eat up all the profits and sink the capital. Cash had to be paid for dye-stuffs, labor, and stock, and the goods had to be sold on credit, ranging in time from ninety days to one year. Consequently there were no profits for the stockholders, and the concern was on the brink of bankruptcy. It was then resolved to again double the capital stock and dispose of $283,000 of it, for thirty-three and one-third cents on the dollar. In less than a month this was done, and in less than six months the mill was on a paying basis, and has been so ever since. The mills are located at the corner of San Pedro and Hobson Streets. Moody's Mill. — The oldest mill in the city, now in operation, was first erected by R. G. Moody in 1854, on the bank of the Coyote Creek, about the spot where Empire Street strikes that stream. Here the propel- ling power was water, procured from an artesian well; the business was transferred to its present location on Third Street in the year 1858, where steam was used instead of water to drive the machinery. The prem- ises consist of the mill and warehouse, with a capacity for the storage of forty thousand sacks of flour, and has its frontage on Third, but running through to Fourth Street. It put in the porcelain rollers soon after their introduction on this coast, and manufactured the celebrated "Lily White" flour. It is now apart of the central milling combination. Enright's Fo^mdry and Machine Shops. — This enter- prise was founded by Joseph Enright in 1864, on the site it now occupies on the southeast corner of First and William Streets. The premises contain all of the necessary machinery and workshops needed in their large and prosperous business. A specialty is the manufacture of Enright's celebrated straw-burner threshing engines, but machinery of all kinds is built. The Pioneer Carriage Manufactory. — John Balbach established, on Santa Clara Street, next door to the San Jose Savings Bank, the first shop where a broken 196 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." vehicle could be repaired or a new one built. The building, which, was of adobe, was destroyed in 1853, and a frame house erected on the ground, this in turn being replaced by the present brick erections. He then moved his business to Fountain Alley, between First and Second Streets, where he is now located. C. S. Crydenwise, the pioneer carriage-maker, has charge of the wood-working department. 'Pacific Carriage Factory. — This establishment was founded in 1874 by D. Hatman and A. Normandin, under the firm name of Hatman & Normandin. It is now located on Santa Clara, between San Pedro and Orchard Streets, where a general carriage manufact- uring business is carried on to the amount of $20,000 per annum. There are twelve men employed on the premises. Globe Carriage Works. — These works are in a fine brick building, erected in 1878, on San Fernando Street, they originally having occupied a position on St. John Street. Here occupation is given to about ten men, although there are facilities for working twenty. The business comprises every manner of carriage and blacksmith work. Santa Clara Valley Mill and Lumber Company. — In the fall of the year 1864, W. P. Dougherty started this enterprise, then located on First Street, near San Fernando, where he had a lumber yard. In 1869 an interest was sold to C. X. Hobbs and Samuel McFar- lane, when the name of the firm became Hobbs, Dougherty & Co. In the following year William H. Hall and Mr. Dougherty purchased the share of Mr. Hobbs, when the style of the firm was changed to W. P. Dougherty & Co., who bought out, in 1870, the sash factory and planing-mills of Metcalf, McLellan and W. W. Pratt, as also the lumber business of Mc- Murtry & McMillan, when, more extensive premises being required, in 1871 they moved to those now oc- cupied by them on San Fernando Street between Third and Fourth Streets. In 1873 the business had so increased that the firm decided to incorporate, in accordance with the laws of the State, under the name of the Santa Clara Valley Mill and Lumber Com- pany, and the following directors were elected: — B. P. Rankin, James M. Thorp, Jacob Lenzen, W. W. Pratt, W. H. Hall, James Dougherty, and W. P. Dougherty. The President of the concern is W. P. Dougherty, and the Secretary, James M. Thorp. The ground on which the premises stand occupy five fifty-vara lots, while the woodwork turned out by the sash and planing mills is considered the finest in the State. Many of the magnificent mansions in the sur- rounding counties, notably that of James C. Flood, the "Bonanza King," have been supplied with all the material of this nature from this establishment. The lumber mills of the company are located in the Santa Cruz Mountains, about twenty-five miles from San Jose, on the line of the South Pacific Coast Railroad, where they also own eight thousand acres of timber lands. Independent Mill and Lumber Company. — T. J. Gil- lespie first started this as a private concern. A short time thereafter, July i, 1876, the business was incor- porated under the laws of the State. The officers elected were: Directors — A. C. Stoddard, C. C. Cook, Smith Henderson, James M. Young, T. J. Gillespie, and J. W. Lowry. T. J. Gillespie was elected Pres- ident, and J. W. Lowry, Secretary. The corporation deals in all kinds of lumber, and manufacture mould- ings, brackets, and do all kinds of mill work, such as planing, sawing, wood-turning, etc., while in con- nection with the mill is a lumber yard, the lumber being procured from the Santa Cruz Mountains. The works are situated on San Pedro Street, between Julian and St. James. Angora Robe and Glove Company. — This enterprise was started in 1875, as a joint-stock company, C. P. Bailey being President, and A. L. Pomeroy, Secretary. It was incorporated under the laws of the State of California, July 31, 1875, with the above-named officers, and has ever since maintained a flourishing business. The principal articles made are robes, whip-lashes, and gloves, the latter being a specialty. These find a ready market in this and adjoining States. The business is now under the control of C. P. Bailey, the factory being located on Fifth Street, between Washington and Empire Streets. Tannery of Grozelier & Nelson.- — The first and only tannery in San Jose is located on the corner of Park Avenue and River Street, and occupies two fifty-vara lots. The business was commenced in the year i860, by Simon Grozelier and Gustavus Nelson. The buildings consist of beam-house and curriers' shop, and, indeed, all the necessary adjuncts to the manufacture of leather, the machinery for which is now driven by an engine of sixteen-horse power, which took the place, in 1863, of a horse-power mill. There is an annual consumption of about five hun- dred cords of tan bark, which is procured from the Santa Cruz Mountains. The hides come partly from San Francisco and partly from the Santa Clara Valley, the leather manufactured being principally sole, harness, skirting, bridle, kips, and calf-skins, of O W 2 O Cm W PQ ^' W PC c •A PQ CO U U o w Pi c PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 197 which there is an annual out-turn of about ten thou- sand hides, a sale being found for them all over Cali- fornia. The leather produced here will bear favor- able comparison with that of any other tannery in the State. Steady employment is given to fifteen men. San Jose Fruit Packing Company. — J. M. Dawson and W. S. Stevens commenced, in a crude and ex- perimental way, to can fruit. They succeeded in putting up a few hundred cases for the market, and, encouraged by their efforts, the next year formed a company, under the firm name of J. M. Dawson & Co., composed of J. M. Dawson, W. S. Stevens, and Lendrum, Burns & Co. They rented the corner lot on Fifth and Julian Streets, where the San Jose Fruit Packing Company is now located,, and there built some rough buildings, procured a small boiler, fitted up according to the best information they had, and enlarged their business very much from the previous year, putting up about four thousand cases. The next year, 1874, finding the demand for their can goods still increasing, even beyond their means and capacity, in June they took Wilson Hays in partnership, and further enlarged their works and products. In January, 1875, the present company was formed, and incorporated as the San Jose Fruit Packing Company, by the following-named gentle- men : J. M. Dawson, W. S. Stevens, John Burns, Wilson Hays, H. A. Keinath, T. B. Dawson, and George Lendrum, and succeeded the old J. M. Daw- son firm. From these small beginnings it has, in sixteen years, grown to be one of the first institutions in the county, employing over five hundred hands, mostly women and girls, during the running season, and putting up about two million cans a year, which involves an outlay of over $150,000 annually. Golden Gate Packing Company. — This company have their works on Julian Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, and was started, in 1875, by W. H. Mantz and W. S. Stevens. It afterwards became the property of a joint-stock company, and was finally incorporated, in 1877, by F. S. Hinds, A. P. Jordan, and H. A. Keinath, of San Jose. The original prem- ises were burnt to the ground, December 19, 1879, and was rebuilt in May, 1880. It is a two-story building, one hundred and twenty feet in length, and eighty in width. The cans used are manufactured on the premises. Employment is given to five hun- dred persons, principally females. The business is increasing each year, showing a larger export, chiefly to Eastern and foreign markets. San Jose Gas Company. — This company was started October 6, i860, under a franchise granted by the common council of the city to James Hagan, who immediately thereafter commenced the erection of the present works, on the corner of Third and San Fernando Streets. In the same month the company was incorporated under the laws of the State by James Hagan, J. K. Prior, and Thomas Anderson. Mains and pipes were first laid October 24, from the works along Third Street to San Fernando, thence to First Street, to Santa Clara Street, then north and south on Market Street, and on January 21, 1861, houses were first lighted, the gas being supplied to eighty- four consumers at the rate of $10 per one thousand cubic feet. In 1862 street lamps were erected, and the public thoroughfares were illuminated. The com- pany has since extended its mains to the town of Santa Clara, a distance of three miles. In 1879 they bought out the Garden City Gas Company, a rival company which had been started the year previous, and thus obtained control of the entire gas supply of the city, as well as that of the town of Santa Clara. The premises on Third Street occupy two fifty-vara lots, and comprise office, retort house, gasometers, coal shed and purifying house. The works on San Augustine Street, near the Alameda, cover nearly three-fourths of an acre, the principal buildings there being the retort house, purifying room, coal shed, as well as a gasholder, generator, and superheater. Tlie Fredericksburg Brewery. — It is an interesting thing to watch the growth and development of a rising city, with the manifold interests that go to make up its progress and advancement. In this respect San Jose is a worthy example. A few years ago she was a lovely city, it is true, favored as the place of resi- dence of many of the wealthy men of the State, yet almost wholly unknown outside for any one striking particular. But all these things are changed, and to- day San Jose is known far and wide, still for its beauty- and popularity as a seat of residence, but much more on account of the products of her manufacturing and industrial establishments, which are sought far and wide because of their superior excellence. A case strongly in point is the Fredericksburg Brewery, whose beer has achieved a distinction unrivaled on this coast for purity, healthfulnes.s, and tonic qualities. On a visit to this great institution we must ask the reader to accompany us. Embarking on one of the handsome cars of the Electric Road we are whirled rapidly along the famous Alameda Avenue, with its leafy shade, past the homes of wealthy men, sheltered with giant trees 198 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." and embowered in flowers, to a point where stirring life and bustling activity proclaim the presence of some great enterprise. It is the Fredericksburg Brew- ery, the widest known and the most extensive estab- lishment of its kind west of the Rocky Mountains. Immediately opposite is the Agricultural Park, where the annual county fairs are held, and on every side are splendid private residences, the home of culture and affluence. The great pile of massive brick build- ings that make up this mammoth brewing establish- ment are very sightly in their appearance. Fronting on the grand thoroughfare of the Alameda is the re- ception hall, as yet a modest structure, to be replaced in the near future by a seemly building to correspond with the great brick buildings beyond. It is flanked by a pretty garden and a commodious hotel and re- freshment saloon, each feature being liberally pat- ronized by those who enjoy the bounties afforded and the beauties surrounding. Not far beyond, and fronting on Cinnabar Street, which here meets the Alameda, are the large and substantially handsome buildings devoted to the various departments of the brewing business, three fine two-story brick edifices, from whose junction is now rising a lofty, command- ing center, to be, when finished, of three stories, con- structed in the strongest manner, and, as is shown by the plans, an elegant structure. It is the new brew- house. In it will be placed a new copper beer kettle, of a capacity of two hundred and twenty-five barrels, also an iron mash tub with copper bottom, an im- mense hop-jack, hot-water tanks, etc., all of the best construction and manufactured by the George F. Ott Copper and Iron Manufacturing Company, Philadel- phia. In the malt-house the curious visitor will see the enormous vats wherein is soaked the barley, the vast stone cellars where it is placed to sprout, the chambers for drying, and the mills for grinding, some slight conception of the magnitude of all these opera- tions being obtained when it is remembered that seven tons per day of barley are transformed into malt. The engine-rooms next attract attention, where there is a row of four huge boilers, and furnaces, sup- plying steam for the engines needed to propel the machinery of the establishment, its lifting, and pull- ing and pumping, its mills, its elevators, and its en- ginery. There are in all ten pumps, all necessarily of great power, employed in the establishment, forcing the beer in the different stages of its manufacture to the various parts of the building. Pure artesian water is supplied from two artesian wells. One of the most interesting departments is the refrigerator room, where two engines of forty-horse power each are kept busy in the manufacture of ice, the capacity being over fifty tons per day, and in forcing salt water, cooled beneath the freezing point of fresh water, through the storing rooms. The pipes containing this water are en- veloped in a constant coating of ice, presenting a strange appearance as one comes upon them after the genial atmosphere of out-of-doors, or the torrid heat of the engine-rooms. The storage cellars present a sight that will not be easily forgotten, range after range of giant tanks and vats and casks, containing each from thirty-five to two humlred and fifty barrels of beer. The fermenting room, with its long line of frothing vats, when the beer is preparing for the stor- age cellars, the filters, the great ocean of cooling ship — but why attempt to describe the indescribable? It must be seen to be appreciated, and in despair we abandon the attempt to picture in detail. After inspecting the main departments the visitor will not easily tire of going through the bottling, and washing, and the packing-rooms, the cooperage shops, watching the curiously capped bottles that are under- going the process oi Pasteurization, the exquisite finish of the clear and beautiful Pilsener and Culmbacher lager beers prepared for export; and after it is all over he will quaff with a new appreciation the nectar of the crystal clear and wholesome beer presented at the hand of the genial F. A. Baumgartner, the foreman who has done the honors of the establishment by accompanying him through. These latter departments occupy commodious wooden buildings distinct from the main brewery, and are admirably fitted. To help the imagination, it must be known that from eight thousand to ten thousand bottles per day are required, these bottles being made some in Illinois and some in Germany, and the annual production has risen from the very small beginning made in 1869, to a grand total of fifty-three thousand barrels from May to May last year, and a probable sixty thousand during this pres- ent year, ending 1889. In all some one hundred and twenty men, women, and children find employment, the wages paid and the hours of work having always been eminentlysatisfactory. In San Jose fifteen horses are needed for the wagons, and a like number are used in connection with the San Francisco business. The brewery is connected directly by an independent switch with the Narrow Gauge Railway, a material advantage when it is considered that shipments upon an immense scale are required to fill the growing de- mands from Central and South America, Old and PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 199 New Mexico, Japan, Australasia, the Sandwich Is- lands, and the most distant portions of the Pacific Coast States and Territories, in addition to the large and firmly established local trade. This great business was inaugurated on a very small scale in 1869, and has steadily prospered, until now, un- der the efficient management of its proprietors, Messrs. Ernst Schnabel and Ernst A. Denicke, the business is unsurpassed, Mr. Schnabel, a biographical sketch of whose successful life appears on another page, is the manager of the brewery at San Jose, and his watchful oversight the direct cause of the purity and excellence of the beer, while Mr. Denicke resides in San Francisco and manages the outside business. They possess ample capital, and, backed as they are by long and successful experience, and untiring en- ergy, the Fredericksburg Brewing Company consti- tutes one of the most important commercial institu- tions of the State. Mt. Hamilton Stage Co. — The history and descrip- tion of the Lick Observatory upon Mt. Hamilton, and of the nicely finished highway leading to it, is given under appropriate headings elsewhere in this volume. A short time ago Messrs. F. S. Chadbourne, the wealthy furniture dealer of San Francisco, San Diego, and Portland; A. H. Boomer, of the California, Oregon, and Idaho Stage Co., and S. D. Brasto, Division Superintendent of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, an- ticipating that the site of the observatory would be a tempting place of resort to the public, formed a cor- poration called the "Mt. Hamilton Stage Co.," for the purpose of establishing a superb line of stages be- tween San Jose and that point. Mr. Chadbourne was elected President, Mr. Boomer, Vice-President, and Mr. Brasto, Secretary and Treasurer. A. W. Ingalsbe was appointed local agent for San Jose, and Jo. Bacon assistant agent. The company sent out agents to purchase the best horses for stage service to be found on the Pacific slope; placed an order for twelve eleven-passenger coaches, constructed in Such a manner as to afford to each passenger an outside seat, and began the erection of post-houses, stables, etc., on the route. They sounded the country also for old and experienced stage-drivers, whom they uni- formed in corduroy suits and broad-brimmed stage- drivers' sombreros. Tally-ho coaches are also being built, hung very low, which, when completed, will be preceded by a bugler to announce the special points of view, stoppages, etc. There are two changes of horses, the coaches be- ing four and six horse, one at Hall's Valley, and one at Smith's Creek. At the latter point, passengers stop thirty minutes for dinner at the Smith Creek Hotel, an establishment owned by T. E. Snell & Son, and ably conducted by Mrs. Hattie Garnosset. The Mt. Hamilton Stage Co. contemplates also the erec- tion of a hotel near the summit so that visitors can remain over and by night view the moon and stars through the largest telescope in the world. The re- turn trip is perhaps more enjoyable than the ascent. As the stage sweeps down the road with its many curves, the landscape unfolds, and in three short hours the tourist is again in San Jose, with ineffaceable re- collections of the mountain road, the marvelous pros- pect, the lofty mountain, and the lonely tomb. The Western Granite and Marble Company, one of the representative industries of San Jose, and of the Santa Clara Valley, was organized in May, 1888, with C. T. Ryland as President, John W. Combs, Vice- President; D. B. Murphy, Treasurer; T. P. Ryland, Secretary; W. W. Blanchard, Manager, and T. O'Neil, Superintendent. Their office, yard, and works are sit- uated on North P'irst Street, at the crossing of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and are supplied with steam polishers, and the other requisite machinery to expedite the business. The company owns its own granite quarries at Yuba Pass, California, known as the Crystal Lake Quarries, the stones from which have no superior in the world. The marble used is chiefly from Vermont. The company employ from forty to fifty skilled workmen, including a special artist in designing. Besides the finest and most elaborate monumental and tombstone work, the company makes a specialty of building material in any style of finish. They have a branch house in Oakland for the exhibi- tion and sale of manufactured goods. Their trade ex- tends over California, and the contiguous States and Territories, and will reach $100,000 during the year 1888. Although this company was but recently incorpo- rated, the history of its origin and business dates back over a period of years. J. W. Combs established the marble business in San Jose in 1870; and in 1878 W. W. Blanchard and T. O'Neil opened the first perma- nent granite manufactory in the city. In 1883 a partnership was formed between the three men, and the two interests combined under the firm title of Combs, Blanchard & O'Neil. The combination com- prised men of brains, energy, and ability, and its business prospered from the start, growing to such proportions that in order to own and operate their own quarries, and meet other requirements, it was 200 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." thought best to merge the concern into an incorpo- rated company, with larger capital, which was con- summated as above stated. John W. Combs was born in New York State, Oc- tober 17, 1836. His father, who was noted for his skill as a mechanic, died in Mr. Comb's boyhood, and having a blind mother to support, he never attended school but fourteen months. He started in life as a butcher boy, which led him to study the forms and structure of animals; and having natural taste for art, he one day asked a marble cutter for a block of marble, and taking it to his room, he procured an old chisel and mallet, and while sitting up with his sick mother,cut the figure of a lamb out of it. In this first effort the young tyro was so successful and caused so much favorable comment, that it determined the current of young Combs' life. He started in to learn the trade of mar- ble cutter at seventeen years of age, and soon became very expert in figure carving. Although he never took a lesson in art, he has made many pieces, busts, and faces in basso-rilievo from photographs, which have been pronounced fine likenesses. One of his pieces was a basso-rilievo of Pope Leo which sold at a Cath- olic fair for $150. Other pieces have been valued much higher; among them a bust of ex-Senator Henry C. McEwen, of Dixon, Salina County, which was presented to the Senator by a company of friends with appropriate ceremonies. His figure work has taken numerous first prizes at fairs and exhibitions wherever shown. He came to San Jose in 1870, and has been in the marble business ever since, in the re- lation of proprietor or joint partner, Mr. Combs was married in Ogdensburg, New York. He lost his wife in 1865, who died leaving two sons and a daughter. Mr. Combs married his present wife in the same city on January 19, 1867. His two sons are both superior workmen in marble. He is vice- president of the Western Granite and Marble Company. W. W. Blanchard is a native of Maine, born in 1853. He attended school, learning his trade, and carried on a granite quarry in his native State, shipping dimen- sion stock to Boston. In 1876 he sold out his busi- ness and came to California, working at his trade for a time in San Francisco and Oakland; came to San Jose and opened the granite, monument, and building- stone business, in partnership with T. O'Neil, in 1878. In 1884 Mr. Blanchard married Miss Lulu K. Baker, daughter of Rev. G. R. Baker, a prominent Methodist clergyman, who was prominent in establishing the University of the Pacific, and laying the foundation for its present flourishing career. Mr. Blanchard is, now manager of the Western Granite and Marble Company. Timothy O'Neil, superintendent of the Western Granite and Marble Works, was born in Connecticut, thirty-five years ago, and learned the trade of stone- cutter in the city of Hartford. He worked at it at several points in the East: did some of the work on the Centennial buildings in Philadelphia. He came to California near the close of 1875, and worked at his trade until starting in business with Mr. Blanchard in San Jose, in 1878. Mr. O'Neil married Mary Frances Devine, in 1886. She is the daughter of J. J. Devine, a pioneer who came to this State in 1850. San Jose Brush Electric Light Co., organized Feb- ruary 25, 1882. In 1881 J. J. Owen, proprietor of the San Jose Mercury, conceived the idea of lighting the city by means of electricity, which he proposed to use by means of high towers which he thought could be so construcred as not to obstruct travel on the streets. The great electric tower at the corner of Santa Clara and Market Streets is the outcome of this idea. Through the efforts of Mr. Owen, money enough was raised by subscription to complete this work, which will stand as a monument to his disinterested public spirit. Soon after the completion of the tower, the system of cranes and masts was introduced, and is now in successful operation. A full account of the opera- tions of this company will be found in the biographi- cal sketch of Pedro de Saisset, elsewhere in this book. San Jose Water Company. — This company was es- tablished November 26, 1866, by Donald McKenzie and John Bonner, of San Jose, and R. Chabot, of Oak- land, Alameda County, with a capital stock of $100,- 000. The city of San Jose and the town of Santa Clara granted them exclusive water privileges for the term of twenty-five years. To carry out their plan tanks were constructed, engines built, and the city supplied with water from artesian wells. At the end of two years the supply thus obtained "was found in- sufficient for the growing wants of the community; therefore the right to use the water of the Los Gatos Creek was obtained, and a new company formed in 1868, with an increased capital of $300,000, with N. H. A. Mason, President; D. McKenzie, Vice-Presi- dent; W. B. Rankin, Secretary; C. X. Hobbs, Super- intendent;' E. McLaughlin, Treasurer. On the formation of the new company, work was begun in bringing the waters of the Los Gatos Creek to San Jose. Reservoirs were made, and pipes laid throughout the city, thus affording a generous supply. PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 201 The water was originally taken from the tail race of the mill at Los Gatos, but other water rights in the mountains have since been acquired, besides large wells near the Guadaloupe Creek, on the Alameda, from which the water is raised by powerful pumps. STREET RAILROADS. Sail Jose and Santa Clara Railroad Company. — The Legislature of California, in March, 1868, granted a franchise to S. A. Bishop, Charles Silent, Daniel Mur- phy, D. B. Moody, and their associates to construct a horse railroad along the Alameda from San Jose to Santa Clara. Messrs. Moody and Murphy having declined to avail themselves of the franchise, a new directorate was organized. S. A. Bishop was elected President; John H. Moore, Treasurer, and Charles Silent, Secretary. Work was first started August 31, and the cars made their initial trip on November i. In 1869 the line was extended eastward, along Santa Clara Street, to the Coyote bridge, and afterward to McLaughlin Avenue. In 1887 the company obtained a franchise from the city and county, and constructed the present electric railroad, which is the first of the kind ever built on the coast. The First Street Railroad was built in 1870 by S. A. Bishop, and was the first narrow-gauge street rail- road track laid in the United States. Its original route was from the then San Pedro Street depot, along San Pedro, Julian, and First Streets to Reed Street. Mr. Bishop sold his interest to F. C. Bethel, who sold to Geo. F. Baker, and he to Jacob Rich, who now controls it. The route has been changed since to correspond with the general system of street railroads, it being now from the Market Street Depot along First Street, Willow Street, and Lincoln Ave- nue to Minnesota Avenue in the Willows. Market Street and Willow Glen Horse Railroad Company.— The. Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County, and the mayor and common council of the city of San Jose, granted a franchise, on February ii_ 1876, to C. T. Bird, Chas. B. Hensley, John Auzerais, F. J. Sauffrignon, J. C. Bland, Oliver Cottle, Isaac Bird, F. Brassy, T. W. Spring, James R. Lowe, R. C. Swan, and S. Newhall to establish a street railroad. This enterprise developed into the Market Street and Willow Glen Railroad Company, and was incorpo- rated February 23, 1876, with J. J. Denny, John Auzerais, Isaac Bird, F. J. Sauffrignon, and C. T. Bird, Directors; C. T. Bird, President; J. Auzerais, Treasurer, and F. Bras.sy, Secretary. The route originally authorized was from the intersection of Julian and M-arket, along Market, San Fernando, 26 San Salvador, and Bird Avenues to Willow Street. When the First Street road extended its line down Willow Street, the road was discontinued from the corner of Delmas Avenue southerly. The route has since been changed, it being at present from the depot at Market Street along Market, San Fernando, and Delmas Avenues. The road is now controlled by Jacob Rich. The People's Horse Railroad Company. — The com- mon council of the city of San Jose granted to the Southeast Side Horse Railroad Company, on Febru- ary 26, 1877, a franchise for a narrow-gauge railroad, to Jacob Rich, C. G. Harrison, W. S. McMurtry, J. Y. McMillan, and S. W. Boring, the original stock- holders and trustees of the association, the officers being Jacob Rich, President; S. W. Boring, Secretary. The same parties afterward procured a franchise for a narrow-gauge road, taking for its starting-point the center of Second and San Fernando Streets, and running thence to Market and Santa Clara Streets; on Santa Clara Street to the Alameda, and thence to the town of Santa Clara. Approved February 28, 1879. The Southeast Side Company deeded all its franchises to the new corporation, named the People's Horse Railroad Company. This road is no longer in operation as originally laid out. North Side Horse Railroad Company. — In June, 1875, a franchise was granted to the above-named company, commencing at the intersection of St. John and First Streets, and running thence to Fourteenth and Mission Streets. The officers were: W. S. Mc- Murtry, President; J. Y. McMillan, Secretary; and C. G. Harrison, Manager. It is now controlled by Jacob Rich. The early history of San Jose is identical with the history of the surrounding country. So nearly were their interests and enterprises commingled that an attempt to treat them separately would complicate the narrative to an extent to render it nearly unin- telligible. After the organization of the county and its general settlement by " foreigners," which was the general appellation given to immigrants, different sec- tions began to develop different interests; villages and towns came into existence, and it is of these we pro- pose to give brief mention. GILROY. This beautiful and thriving city is situated on the Monterey road, about thirty miles south of San Jose. That portion of the county was formerly known as Pleasant Valley. The first house erected was by 202 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." James Houck, in 1850. It was a small roadside inn and stable, intended for the accommodation of trav- elers between Monterey and San Jose. It was built of split redwood, and was situated to the north of Lewis Street, and, we believe, is still standing. The next house was on Lewis Street, near Monterey Street, and here a store was opened by Lucien Ev- erett. This was followed by a building by John Eigelberry. The first hotel in the town was built by David Holloway in the winter of 1853-54. It was quite a pretentious structure, and stood between Lewis Street and Martin's Lane. About the same time David Holloway opened a blacksmith shop, and Eli Reynolds put up a building for a saddler's shop. About this time a post-office was established, James Houck being the postmaster. It is said that he could neither read nor write ! In 1852 the first school was opened, and continued for one season. In 1853 a school building was erected by subscription, and school was taught by Mr. Jackson, the trustees be- ing W. R. Bane and Dempsey Jackson. The first Protestant religious services were held in 1852, at the residence of W. R. Bane, and were con- ducted by the Rev. Mr. Anthony, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1853 Rev. J. T. Cox, of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, organized a con- gregation, and held services in the school-house; and in 1854 a church building was erected at a cost of a thousand dollars. Both the school-house and the church have been replaced by handsome modern buildings. The town continued to attract settlers, and, being situated on the principal thoroughfare of the county, thrived and prospered. In 1867 F. S. Rogers, a dentist, opened an office, and in 1868 James C. Zuck established the first law- yer's office in the town. Zuck and Rogers formed a partnership for conducting a real-estate business. They purchased five acres in the northwestern part of town, and sold it at once as town lots. Twenty acres more, on Monterey Street, near the center of the town, were purchased of John Eigelberry, and sold in the same manner. W. L. Hoover then came into the firm, and thirty acres more land, on the east side of Monterey Street, were purchased from L F Bell, subdivided into lots, and sold. On February 18, 1868, the town was incorporated under the laws of the State, and christened the town of Gilroy. March 7, of the same year, an election for town officers was held, and the following were chosen: Trustees, John C. Looser, William Hanna, Frank Oldham, Jacob Einstein, Jacob Reither; Treas- urer, H. Wangenheim; Assessor, James Angel; Mar- shal, A. W. Hubbard. The Assessor failed to qualify, and H. D. Coon was appointed in his place. J. M. Keith was appointed Town Clerk. In March, 1870, an act was passed by the Legisla- ture incorporating Gilroy as a city, with the govern- ment vested in a mayor, city marshal and ex-officio tax collector, a city clerk and ex-officio assessor, and a city treasurer. At the first regular election under this charter, which was held May 16, 1870, the fol- lowing officers were elected: J. M. Browne, Mayor; City Treasurer, M. Einstein; City Clerk, George T. Clark; City Marshal, M. Gray; Councilmen, William Hanna, Jacob Reither, J. B. Morey, C. K. Farley, William Isaac, Volney Howard. A great obstacle to the prosperity of the city was the question of title to the land on which it was situ- ated. The ownership in the land was an undivided interest in the Las Animas Rancho, an early Spanish grant. The rancho had never been partitioned, and there was an uncertainty as to where any particular holder might be located when the different interests were set off This state of affairs was a source of great annoyance, as it practically clouded all the titles in the city and vicinity. Many meetings were held for consultation. The matter culminated Jan- uary 3, 1879, when Henry Miller, the largest owner in the rancho, filed his complaint in partition. The defendants were all the other owners, and numbered over a thousand. The court, after hearing, appointed County Surveyor A. T. Herman, J. M. Battee, and H. M. Leonard, as commissioners to survey and set off to each owner his interest in the tract. It required several years to accomplish this, and it was not until June 19, 1886, that the final decree was filed. This settled forever the question of title, and each owner of property in Gilroy, or vicinity, has a claim to his land that is undisputed and indisputable. Notwithstanding it was thus handicapped, Gilroy did not halt in the march of progress either before or during this litigation. Substantial improvements were made, and the city was beautified by handsome and substantial buildings, beautiful gardens, fine streets, and good sidewalks. A school system was built up which is unsurpassed in its efficiency by any in the Union. A certificate of graduation from the Gilroy High School carries as much influence where that institution is known, as a diploma from a college or university. A strong and efficient fire depart- ment has been organized, and shows in the front rank at the annual tournaments. Good hotels are numer- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 203 ous. Gas and water companies have been organized, and are increasing their capacity in proportion to the demand for their services. The growth of the city, however rapid it might have been prior to the settle- ment of land titles, has received a new impetus since that incubus was removed, and the onward march has been increased to a double-quickstep. And there is no reason why this should not be. Surrounding the city are leagues of the most fertile land in California. Wherever the experiment has been made, it has been found to surpass expectations in its producing power. Fruits of all kinds mature crops of quality and quantity unsurpassed. The climate is superb, the people are energetic, public- spirited citizens, and good neighbors. With every, thing to make life profitable and enjoyable, we cannot err in predicting for the city of Gilroy a future pros- perity seldom experienced anywhere, even in progress- ive America. Following are some of the enterprises of Gilroy: — Gilroy Gas Company. — The present gas works which supply the city of Gilroy were completed in Novem- ber, 1886, the work being done by the firm of Sims & Morris, of San Francisco, at an expense of $17,500 for the plant and mains. The total length of mains is about thirteen thousand feet, the original contract having been for ten thousand feet of mains. The capacity per month is about three hundred and fifty thousand cubic feet. There are one hundred and ten business places and residences supplied by the works. The city has twenty-three street lamps, which were put up at the time of the erection of the plant. These works succeeded the old pneumatic process, which proved inadequate, but upon which the place depended for about sixteen years. The works are owned by a local corporation, the officers of which are: President, Thos. Rea; Vice-President, L. A. Whitehurst; Treas- urer, Bank of Gilroy; Secretary, Geo. W. Lynch, of San Francisco. Directors: L. A. Whitehurst, J. H. Ellis, Amos Robinson, Geo. W. Lynch, Thos. Rea; and the manager of the works, who has held that position since their building, is Edgar A. Holloway. The works are operated under a lease for five years by Geo. W. Lynch. Mills of Whitehurst & Hod^es.-^This firm was or- ganized in 1869, under the name of Ricketts, White- hurst & Hodges. Mr. Ricketts retired after about two years, and since that time the firm has remained as at present. For ten years they carried on the business of manufacturing and wholesaling lumber alone, and they then bought the planing-mill of William Hanna, which they have ever since conducted. Here they manufacture for the local market. They employ from thirty to forty men. They employ some six or seven men in their planing-mill; and in the timber, and at hauling, at least thirty men are employed. This firm is composed of L. A. Whitehurst and P. C. Hodges. Catholic Church. — The predecessor of the present Redemptorist Mission Catholic Church was located about five miles from Gilroy, on the ranch of Dan- iel Murphy, and was erected in 1852, through the liberality of Martin Murphy. The building came into disuse as a church, and was finally burned down. Father Devos was the pastor at the time of building. He came from San Jose every third Sunday, and after his death Father Bixlo became pastor. Dedi- cated by Archbishop Joseph Alemany. The church building of the St. Mary's congregation, at Gilroy, succeeded it. It was erected in 1866. December 17, 1866, it was first used as a church. The dedicatory ceremonies were performed by Father Hudson, the power having been delegated to him by Bishop Thad- deus Smat. The church building is seventy-two by thirty-three feet. Original contract price, $3,400, but the contractor, Mr. Stout, died during the progress of the building, and Father Hudson completed it at a cost of $500 additional. The interior height is twenty- four feet, and it is sixty-four feet to the top of the cross. The value of the church building is about $5, 000. The school-house was built in 1871. The main building is seventy-two by twenty-eight feet, two stories. There are two school-rooms and two music-rooms. There is a boys' school building, erected in 1877, through the beneficence of Mrs. James Dunn, who do- nated $s,ooo for that purpose, and $1,000 of that sum was invested in the building and furnishing, while the remaining $4,000 was intended as a fund for the sup- port of the institution, which should allow the boys to attend free. This is also taught by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart. The size is forty by twenty feet. There is a chapel for the use of the Sisters and the girls of the school, which is forty by twenty feet, and was erected in 1874. The Gilroy Opera House. — This opera hall was erected in 1874, by a company. The dimensions are 124x50 feet. The seating capacity of the hall is seven hundred, but the hall has a capacity for one thousand one hundred, as has been demonstrated. The leading stockholder is John G. Otto, who has 204 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." two hundred and seventy-two shares. The manager is Vic Bassignano, who is also secretary. Railroad Office. — The railroad was built into town in 1869, under the name of Santa Clara and Pajaro Valley Railroad. The agents from the first have been C. F. Cevelling; C. Robinson, now an attorney at San Francisco; J. Skidmore, deceased; — Newhall, now in San Francisco; W. H. Haydock, now as- sistant superintendent, with headquarters at San Francisco; C. Hornbeck, now superintendent's clerk at Los Angeles; C. S. Green, now clerk at Mojave; and H. T. Emlay, present incumbent. M. J. Han- rahan has been baggage-master since April i, 1881. Roger O'Connsr has been warehouseman since the road was built. W. B. Lawson is freight clerk. Gilroy station ranks next to San Jose in business on the road. The freight office is 40x300 feet; passenger depot, 40x100 feet. The grain warehouse has a ca- pacity for some three thousand tons ; engine house, with capacity for two engines; pumping works, wood bins, and coal bins with capacity for one thousand tons of coal. Mills of the Central Milling Company. — The original buildings of the mill are still standing, but additions have been made, so that the buildings are now 120x100 feet. The mill was originally built by Major McCoy, of San Jose, and it passed out of his hands into those of a man named Fitz. The next owners were J. M. Brown, C. Burrell, and Smith Bros. The Central Milling Company purchased the prop- erty in 1887. The officers of the company are: President, C. L. Dingley; Secretary, P. P. Moody; General Superintendent, J. Cross ; Superintendents — Salmos Mill, V. D. Black; Victor Mills, Wm. Stine- beck; San Luis Obispo Mill, Mr. Armstrong; Gil- roy Mill, H. D. Van Schaick; King City Mill, Mr. Stinebeck. The roller process is used in the mills, and they have six sets of rolls, including three "Little Giants," and two sets of rolls have two pairs each The capacity of the mill is from forty-five to fifty barrels per day of twelve hours. The wheat of the mill is shipped from the country surrounding Gilroy, which produces a splendid article of wheat, both for staple grades of flour and for use in the manufacture of macaroni. The mill has been running as a cus- tom mill since the Central Milling Company has owned it. H. D. Van Schaick, manager of the Gilroy mills of the Central Milling Company, is a native of Onon- daga County, New York, born ten miles east of Syracuse, on the twenty-sixth of July, 1828, his par- ents being Josiah and Mary (Bellenger) Van Schaick. The Van Schaick family is an old New York family, having been in that State since thirty years previous to the War of the Revolution. Colonel Van Schaick, a member of the family, was in the Revolutionary War, and served at Yorktown. The father of the subject was in the war of 1812, towards its close; was a carpenter, joiner, and wagon-maker by trade, but spent most of his life as a farmer and a contractor. The subject was reared at his birthplace to farming, assisting his father in his contracts, and of making salt barrels for the salt works at Syracuse, etc. He remained in New York until 1852, when he started to California, making the trip across the plains during the cholera season; and he himself took the cholera, but recovered after he had been given up. He started from home April 14, 1852, and arrived near Yankee Jim's, in El Dorado County, California, August 23, 1852, and engaged in mining. After a few months, finding mining unsatisfactory, he walked to Sacra- mento, took a steamer to San Francisco, and thence walked to San Jose, where he arrived, with finances very low, on the fourteenth of September, 18-52, and the next day his capital consisted of his clothing and personal effects, his money being gone; and he started out to look around for a place to start in. He ob- tained work on a farm near San Jose, for a couple of months, and for another farmer the remainder of the season. In the fall of 1853 he came to Gilroy, and started with a team of four yoke of oxen, which he brought down for a man. He went into the Redwoods and engaged in chopping and splitting lumber, and as a saw-mill was soon built, he took a contract to furnish six hundred thousand feet of lumber, at $2.00 a thou- sand at the stump, scale measure. Finishing the con- tract, with a partner he engaged in building the saw- mill, working at felling the trees. After the mill got to running he engaged with Bodfish & Thomas, the proprietors. Was engaged in the Redwoods till the spring of 1856, when he engaged in farming on a farm he bought in the valley; also engaged in teaching six months in the year. He taught school, altogether, in Gilroy Township nearly fourteen terms. He afterwards bought a farm at San Ysidro, and subsequently sold it and bought a farm of one hun- dred acres. Next he engaged again in teaching, liv- ing at San Ysidro till 1868, and then he came to Gil- roy, and afterward bought a half interest in a grocery store, where he was engaged in merchandising with his father-in-law about a year, and with Mr. Steuben PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' 205 for a couple of years; then Mr. Van Schaick ran the business alone for about six months. He then sold a half-interest to a man named Dryden. They were together three years, and he was alone then till 1879. He engaged in the mill by the month, and became superintendent March 30, 1887. His first wife was Susan Angel, a native of Mis- souri. Her parents came here in 1846. She died in 1868. By that marriage they had five children, four of whom are living. The names of their children are: Jackson E., Nellie Jane, Frank Charles, Angle Annette, deceased, and Lena Arnett. His present wife was Mary Wright, a native of California. Her parents reside near Hollister. They have one child, named Guy. Mrs. Van Schaick is principal of Gilroy High School. She is politically a Republican. Mr. Van Schaick was elected to the Legislature in 1863, and served the regular term of 1863-64, being in the war Legislature. He was a member of I. O. O. F., and has passed through all the chairs. He is now R. S. to N. G. SANTA CLARA. The early history of San Jose and Santa Clara run in parallel lines. The connection between the two places has been so intimate, and they are so closely joined by location, that they will before many years become one city. Tradition has it that William Clark was the first American to locate in Santa Clara. This is the man who first reduced the ore from the New Almaden mines. In 1846 there came the Har- lands, Van Gorden, Samuel Young, Tabor, Allen, Jones, Dickinson, and Bennett. In 1848 we find J. Alex. Forbes, Jonathan and Charles Parr, William Booth, Fielding Lard, Riley Moutry, Cobeb Rand, George W. Bellamy, Dr. H. H. Warburton, — Bazard, William McCutchen, William Haun, Washington Moody, John Whisman, WiUiam Campbell, Thomas Hudson, James Linns, Anson Angel and others. There were two stores, one kept by Robert Scott, where the cracker factory is now located, and one by a Frenchman at the corner of Franklin and Alviso Streets. The only hotel was the Bellamy House. The first frame building was built as a residence for Father Real, the priest in charge of the mission at the southwest corner of Santa Clara and Alviso Streets. The lumber was sawed with a whipsaw by Fielding Lard, in the Pulgas Redwoods. Immedi- ately aferwards, buildings were erected by Lard, Scott & Haun. In 1850 a building was erected on Lib- erty Street, to be used as a school-house. It was built by subscription and was long known as the "lit- tle brick school-house." It was used as a place of worship by all denominations. In 1853 the first church was built by the Methodists. In the same year the female seminary was erected to the west of Main Street between Liberty and Lexington. In 1850 Peleg Rush imported twenty-three houses from Boston and set them up in the town. The Union Hotel was built in 1850, and conducted by Appleton & Ainslee. In 185 1 the Santa Clara College was established, and this institution is now the prominent feature of the town. In 1850 the town site was surveyed by William Campbell into lots a hundred yards square, and one lot given to each citizen, with the understanding that he was to build a house on it within three months: failing to do so, the lot could be taken by another. There was no town government until 1852, when the follow- ing officers were chosen trustees: F. Lard, S. S. John- son, A. D. Hight, F. Cooper, Riley Moutry; Clerk, C. W. Adams; Assessor, A. Madan; Marshal, William Fosgate. In 1862 a regular charter was obtained in accordance with the State laws, and the following gen- tlemen chosen as trustees: J. R. Johnson, A. B. Caldwell, R. K. Ham, J. L. Guernsey, Henry Uhr- broock. This charter was amended in 1866, and again in 1872. The town, as at present laid out, is two miles long and a mile and a half wide : it is handsomely laid out and beautifully ornamented with shrubbery, flow- ers, and rare plants. It is a quiet place as becomes a seat of learning, and is much sought after as a place of residence. Its easy communication with San Jose and San Francisco, and the social nature of its intelligent people, render it especially desirable for this purpose. It is well equipped with all the necessities and con- veniences of a modern town, having a gas and water company, many churches, excellent schools, besides the colleges, a bank, and, in fact, everything to be desired in the neighborhood of a home. The newspaper of the town, the Santa Clara Journal, is a dignified journal, ably edited and conducted. It is entirely de- voted to the interests of the community, and deserves the warm support that it receives from the people. Nearly all the secret societies and beneficial organi- zations have full lodges, while musical and literary societies find here a natural home. The town is sur- rounded by fruitful orchards and vineyards, and it is one of the first places to which the San Josean con- ducts the Eastern tourist who desires to see the coun- try west. It is the historic spot of this county. 206 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." FRATERNAL AND BENEFICIAL ASSOCIATIONS. California is renowned for the rapid and substantial growth of the many social, fraternal, and b -neficial organizations which have sprung up within its bor- ders during the past thirty-five years. In numerical strength, wealth, and influence the Order of Ameri- can Odd Fellowship, with its three hundred and fif- teen lodges, embracing a membership of over twenty- five thousand, scattered throughout the length and breadth of the State, is entitled, perhaps, to rank first among the associations of this character on the Pacific Coast. The Order of Free and Accepted Masons, with its two hundred and thirty lodges, and a mem- bership of over fifteen thousand, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, with a membership of nearly twenty thousand, the Chosen Friends, the Knights of Honor, the Knights of Pythias and the Red Men, are only a very few of the many fraternal societies which have gained a firm and lasting foothold in the Golden State. It is not our purpose, however, to attempt a history of these institutions, nor of any particular one of them, but merely to make a brief review of the Order of Odd Fellowship in Santa Clara County, and more particularly of the two subor- dinate lodges of that order located in our own beauti- ful little city. There are, at the present time, in our county, ten lodges of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, "with a membership of about one thousand — or, one Odd Fellow to every seven and a half voters. In point of lodges there are seven counties in the State having a greater number than Santa Clara County, while in point of membership our county ranks fifth. The town of Santa Clara, and the country adjacent thereto, has indeed proved to be a prolific field for this popular organization. Here are at present estab- lished two subordinate lodges, with a combined mem- bership of nearly two hundred and fifty; an Encamp- ment of Patriarchs, numbering over one hundred members; a Rebekah Lodge, with a membership of one hundred and ten, and a Canton of Patriarchs Militant, well equipped, well drilled, and a most potent auxiliary to the older branches of the order. Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, ranks among the pioneer lodges of the State in the work of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of California. It was insti- tuted on the eighteenth day of January, 1856, with eight charter members, whose names appear upon the charter in the following order: James H. Morgan, Z. L. Garwood, E. Smith, Hiram Hamilton, Jno. West, M. C. Baker, James Barr, and William Cameron. Of this charter list, John West alone retains member- ship in the lodge he assisted in organizing; Messrs. Smith and Garwood reside in other parts of the State, and the remainder of the little band have " crossed the dark and silent river." During the first twelve years the membership had increased to about sixty, and by economy and good financial management sufficient funds had been accumulated to warrant the -effort, on the part of the lodge, to secure a home of its own, where it might provide the requirements and accommodations not to be found in rented halls. With this object in view an arrangement was en- tered into in October, 1867, with Mr. M. W. Whittle, a prominent member of the lodge, who agreed to furnish the site and erect the basement, or first story, of the building, while the lodge agreed to complete the structure. Under this agreement work was at once commenced and pushed to completion in May of the following year. On July i, 1868, the hall was dedicated to the principles and uses of Odd Fellow- ship, with imposing ceremonies, the officers of the Grand Lodge of California officiating. Here, in a stately edifice, located on one of the most prominent corners in the business portion of town, with a large and commodious lodge-room, anterooms, reception rooms, etc., all fitted up in the most elegant manner, Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, entered upon a new era. True, the handsome and substantial structure which reared its head high above its less pretentious neigh- bors, and the handsome furnishings and equipments, had incurred an indebtedness beyond the immediate available means of the lodge, but this was promptly provided for in a manner which caused no perceptible ripple in the affairs of the lodge, and no embarrass- ment to the members thereof From the date the lodge took up its abode in its new and elegant quar- ters, its progress was steadily onward and upward; and so rapid had funds accumulated that, in 1875, when Mr. Whittle signified his intention of disposing of his interest in the building, the lodge promptly paid the amount demanded, and became the sole pos- sessors of the property, together with the valuable property adjoining it on the south. This purchase, as in the case of building, involved the lodge to some extent, but they who had successfully managed the former indebtedness were still at the helm and proved themselves to be equal to the emergency, as is shown by the fact that, in the month of July, 1879, the last evidence of indebtedness against the lodge was can- celed in accordance with conditions and agreements previously entered into. Conspicuous among those who PE]Sr PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 207 labored faithfully and well for the lodge's interests during its early history we note the names of A- Madan, J. M. Billings, N. Cook, M. W. Whittle, D. W. Herrington, John H. Dibble, and A. J. Landrum. To the sagacity and good judgment of these devoted adherents the lodge owes much of its prosperity and standing. Of the brothers last named, A. Madan has "passed out through the valley of the shadow of death," leaving behind him a name honored and be- loved by all. Brothers Billings, Cook, Herrington, Dibble, and Landrum are still regular attendants at their lodge meetings, directing its movements and assisting with their counsels. The membership at the present time is one hundred and thirty; the average age of the members is forty-four years; number of past grands, 'forty-two, among whom are seven past district deputy grand masters, and one — Nathaniel Cook — has attained the rank of past grand master of the jurisdiction of California. True Fellozvship Lodge, No. 2j8, I. O. 0. F., is a worthy scion of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, and for good work and good management ranks high among the lodges in the jurisdiction of California. This lodge was instituted by Grand Master D. D. Welty, on the tenth day of November, 1875, with fourteen charter members. The names, as they appear in the charter, are : E. V. Thorne, M. Beck, J. H. Howard, E. R. Dille, Jacob Eberhard, C. W. Vandegrift, G. A. Elliot, J. H. Dinegan, I. Hyman, B. F. Fish, A. V. Fatjo, J. W. Canfield, W. W. Smead, and J. Cherry. Eight of the charter members held withdrawal cards from Santa Clara Lodge, five held cards from various Eastern lodges, and one signed the petition for a charter as an ancient Odd Fellow. Two of the charter members have died; three have been sus- pended for non-payment of dues ; one has withdrawn from the order and eight still retain their membership in the lodge. The number of members at the present time is about one hundred, twenty-four of whom are past grands, and three of these are past district deputy grand masters. The average age of the membership is thirty-seven years. Numerical strength is not the only evidence of prosperity, to which the young lodge may justly lay claim, for it has been equally successful in its financial affairs. During the thirteen years of its ex- istence, the lodge has provided amply for its own wants; it has taken excellent care of its sick and dis- abled brethren, and it has scattered its charities with a generous hand, besides accumulating funds and property more than sufficient to guarantee against possible financial embarrassment, present or future. The advent of True Fellowship Lodge, No. 238, gave an impetus to Odd Fellowship in Santa Clara never before experienced. A good-natured rivalry between the two lodges was inaugurated, which re- sulted in the enrollment, under the banner of the " Triple Links," and in the furtherance of the princi- ples of Friendship, Love, and Truth, many of our most honored and respected citizens. SKETCH OF METHODISM. Methodism in California was first planted in Santa Clara, unless a class organized by Rev. W. Robertson in San Francisco is entitled to an earlier date. In early November of 1846, William Campbell, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, from Sa- line County, Missouri, arrived at Santa Clara, then a military post under command of Captain Maddux, of the U. S. Marine. On the first Sabbath in November, Adney A. Heacox, a local preacher, just arrived from Galena, Illinois, preached in an adobe building fifty feet west of the present Catholic Church, used at the time by Mr. Campbell as a temporary residence, by permission of an Irish Catholic named Norris. Mr. Heacock continued to preach until February, 1847, when he removed to Santa Cruz. William Campbell held prayer-meetings, assisted every two weeks by an exhorter from Benicia named Jones, who continued services through the spring and summer of 1847. , Later, in 1849, William Taylor (now Bishop Taylor) visited the valley and preached in the house of Wallace Finley, on the land of William Campbell, south of Santa Clara. A little later Isaac Owen visited the valley, and he and Taylor greatly encour- aged the work. In 1851 Charles Maclay came out from the Balti- more Conference, was appointed pastor of the charge, and in 1852 erected the first Methodist Episcopal Church in Santa Clara. It was built of adobe, and stood near the place now occupied by the large brick house of worship. Dr. William Morrow had previ- ously been pastor, but resigned on the arrival of Maclay. The first quarterly conference was held Sep- tember 8, 1851. Rev. William Hulbert succeeded Maclay, and he in turn was succeeded by N. P. Heath, in 1854, Adam Bland being presiding elder. Rev. J. Daniels succeeded Heath in 1856, A. S. Gibbons, president of the Uni- versity of the Pacific, at that time located in Santa Clara, being superintendent of the Sabbath-school. In 1857-58 R. B. Stratton was preacher in charge, and M. C. Briggs presiding elder, In 1858-59, W. S. 208 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Urmy was pastor. This was a prosperous pastoral term. In 1859-60 C. V. Anthony was pastor, followed by J. B. Hill in 1860-61. In 1861-62, M. C. Briggs was pastor. The faithful labors of Mr. Hill had prepared the way, the large basement of the new church was ready for use, and a very gracious and important re- vival added a large number to the membership, among them two of the present members of the Cali- fornia Conference. In 1863-64 J. T. Peck, afterwards bishop, was in charge. In 1864-65 T. H. Sinex was pastor, and I. Owen, P. E. During Dr. Sinex' term the present church was completed, and named the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church. In October of 1868 a severe earthquake shook the pinnacles from the church and damaged the walls. In 1867-68 J. A. Bruner was preacher in charge, and remained a full pastoral term of three years. In 1870-72 J. H. Wythe was pastor. He was succeeded by Q. J. Collin, who remained until 1876 when E. R. Dille came into the pulpit for a three- years term. At the conference of 1878-79, Wesley Dennett was appointed to the charge, and remained three years, when George Clifford took the pastorate for a similar term. In September, 1887, M. C. Briggs, the present in- cumbent, was appointed to the place. The length of his term must be '' relegated " to the arbitrament of the future. From this sketch it would appear that Santa Clara is the oldest university town in the State, and the Santa Clara Church is the pioneer, the mother, grand- mother, and great-grandmother of all the churches. Yet her eye is not dimmed nor her natural force abated. The first bulling in this now thrivint LOS GATOS. town was Forbes' Mill, and for many years the place was known by that name. This enterprise was begun by James Alex. Forbes, in 1850, but it was not completed until four years afterwards. It was an old-fashioned structure with overshot wheels twenty feet in diameter, which, owing to the lack of power, the water-head be- ing only twenty feet, was not successful in its opera- tions. It passed from Forbes to a French firm, V. Marzion & Co., who also made a failure. A. Pfister & Co., of San Jose, then leased the property, but found it unprofitable. It then passed into the hands of Samuels & Fanner, who raised the water, by means of a dam, to a height of thirty feet. In 1866 W. H. Rogers & Co. purchased the property, raised the the head to sixty feet, and substituted the turbine wheel for the old overshot. In 1870 the head was raised to two hundred feet. This gave abundance of power to all the machinery. At this time the com- pany was made a joint-stock concern, W. H. Rogers, J. Y. McMiUan, W. H. Rector, W. S. McMurtry, and C. C. Hayward being the incorporators. It was known as the Los Gatos Manufacturing Company. A four-set woolen mill, two stories high, was erected and operated successfully until 1872, when it burned down and was not rebuilt. The flouring mill con- tinued operations, changing its system, in 1883, from stones to improved rollers, and turning out a product that became noted throughout the coast for its uniform excellence. In 1886 the Central Milling Company of San Jose was formed. The Los Gatos Mills went into the combination and were closed. Up to 1859 there were no houses in Los Gatos except the mill and a few cabins occupied by the workmen. In 1862 Mr. Samuels built a house, which has since been occupied by W. S. McMurtry as a residence. McMurtry & McMillan started a store and lumber yard in 1863. This store afterwards came into the hands of the Los Gatos Manufacturing Company. The country around the town was settled more rapidly than the town itself The history of these early settlers will be found in our biographical sketches. These settlers found the wildcats numerous in the ad- jacent hills, and very destructive to their property. This gave the name "Los Gatos" to the town. The first hotel was kept by H. D. McCobb, who was also the first postmaster, having been appointed in 1864. The establishment of the woolen mills attracted a few people to the place. In the meantime the lumber, wood, and timber industry commenced to grow in the mountains, and Los Gatos became a stopping-place for the teamsters. The building of the Santa Cruz Turnpike road placed it on the route of travel be- tween Santa Cruz and San Jose. A few people be- came attracted by the beauty of location and salu- brity of climate, and made it their home. A church was built in 1871. There was a good school building- long prior to this. Although Los Gatos kept along in the march of"- progress, its real prosperity dates from 1877. Early in this year the South Pacific Coast Railroad was completed to that point, and the town and surround- ing country immediately came into notice. Travelers saw the orange and lemon ti'ees in the PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 209 grounds of Mr. Rogers and Mr. McMurtry, with their heavy fruitage and the kixuriant growth of the fig and vine and other semi-tropical fruits, and reah'zed that they were in the true "warm belt." They told their friends, and from them the report spread, and the people of Los Gatos awoke to find their town lots worth nearly as much per front foot as they had for- merly been per acre. At this time the settlement had been almost exclusively on the east side of the creek. But the location of the railroad depot on the west side, and the great demand for property anywhere in the vicinity, caused the town to cross the stream and extend in that direction. About this time, also, there came into bearing a few of the orchards that had been planted by enterprising people, and it became known that the Los Gatos "red-lands," which had been a comparative failure for grain, were perfectly adapted to horticulture. They had been selling at from $15 to $25 per acre, and the success of these early orchards sent the price up to $40 and $60 per acre. Non-pro- gressive settlers who had no faith in the horticultural resources of this section, subdivided their land and sold it at these figures, congratulating themselves on having made a big thing out of the enthusiastic immi- grant. Those who remained around the place, how-- ever, saw that same land go up to $200 and $300 per acre, and their gratification was changed to chagrin. They solaced themselves and each other with the declaration that people who bought at such prices were "crazy fools;" but as the orchards and vineyards came into bearing and yielded crops which annually amounted to more than the purchase price of the lanJ, they confessed their mistake. Some of the old citizens saw the signs of the limes and amassed fortunes. They were classed as "lucky ones.'' The only luck was in being able to see the great wealth that lay in the soil of that vicinity. In 1877 there was, in the hills back of Los Gatos, large tracts of land still belonging to the government. It was then considered valueless But the horticult- ural prospector cleared it from the brush and planted trees and vines and reaped as rich a harvest as his neighbor in the valley. It required more labor, but the result has been equally gratifying. It is impossible to give the order in which the differ- ent families located in this place. When the tide of immigration started it came with a rush, and still con- tinues. In 1887 the town had grown to such an extent that it required an independent government. In July an election was held to ascertain the will of the people as to the proposition to incorporate under 27 the State laws. The question was answered in the affirmative by a majority of one hundred and twenty- six votes. On August 6 the final order was passed incorporat- ing the town and declaring the following as its first officers: Trustees — J. W. Lyndon, P. Perkins, Geo. Seanor, D. D. Holland, H. Sund; Treasurer, Geo. S. McMurtry; Clerk and Assessor, A. E. Wilder; Marshal and Tax and License Collector, J. L. Gelatt The fol- lowing were declared to be the boundaries of the new municipality: Commencing at the corner of sections 21, 22, 27, and 28, in township 8 south, range i west. Mount Diablo base and meridian; thence northerly along the line between sections 21 and 22, and the same pro- longed to the south line of lands of Levi Hill, or the same prolonged thence northwesterly along said Hill's line to center of Los Gatos Creek; thence down the center of creek to its intersection with the continuation easterly of the south line of the Dawes tract, being also the continuation easterly of the north line of lands of Magnus Tait; thence northwesterly along said last- named line, and the continuation thereof to northeast corner of lands of H. C. Houghton; thence southwest- erly along the east line of Houghton's land to its inter- section with the Los Gatos and Saratoga road; thence southwesterly in a straight course through lands of Massal Buchanan and McCullagh, to the extreme westerly point of what is known as Fairview Addition, and continuing in the same course to its intersection with the line dividing lands of McCullagh and P. Her- old ; thence southeasterly along the last-named line to its intersection with the % section line running north and south between lands of J. W. Lyndon and Livermore, thence southerly along last-named line to the south boundary line of section 20, township 8 south, range I west; thence along the south line of said section 20 and 21 easterly to the place of beginning. The census showed that there were fifteen hundred inhabitants within the limits of the new town. The Los Gatos Hotel is the lineal descendant of the first hotel established in Los Gatos. It had its begin- ning in a cottage owned by H. D. McCobb, which stood a short distance above where the railroad depot now is. McCobb sold it to J. W. Lyndon in 1868; Lyndon sold it to Morgan Covell, who conducted it several years. Jacob R'ch then acquired it, and in 1872 it was re-purchased by Mr. Lyndon, who en- larged it and greatly improved it. In 1878 it was moved to its present position, and practically rebuilt. The Wilcox House was built by Harvey Wilcox in 1 885. It was erected to accommodate the great tide of 210 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD: immigrants and tourists that has been pouring into Los Gatos seeking health and homes. The Los Gatos Gas Company was organized in 1885, in which year the present works were built. The company commenced supplying gas to consumers in June of that year. The Los Gatos School-house was erected in 1886, at a cost of $8,000. The building is fifty-three by sev- enty-six feet and supported by a substantial brick foundation. The height to the top of the flag-staff is ninety-three feet above the ground. The building con- tains four class-rooms, thirty-two by thirty-four feet, and one room is 16x1 8 feet. The ceilings are fifteen feet high and each room is provided with blackboards which extend entirely around the ro; m. All the win- dows are supplied with inside blinds in upper and lower sections. In the matter of ingress and egress the building is well constructed. The corridors are twelve feet wide and the stairways five feet, with hand-rails of white cedar capped with black walnut. The newels are of fine black walnut finished in oil. There are two sinks with faucets on the first floor and one on the second. The building and grounds are well drained by underground redwood boxes. The rooms are ventilated by large transoms opening into the cor- ridors, from which a ventilating shaft four feet square opens through the roof The rooms are furnished with single Star Bent wood seats and teachers' cabinet stands. The house is so constructed that another four class-room building can be added whenever it be- comes necessary, and so constructed as to appear as well as if the whole had been erected at once. The Bank of Los Gatos commenced operations in 1883 as a private enterprise, under the auspices of Kirkland & Conklin. In November of the same year it was incorporated under the State laws, with the following stockholders: John Stanfield, Samuel Templeton, S. F. Leib, H. E. Huggins, Robert Walker, A. E. Wilder, H. H.Kooser, A. Berryman, D. D. Holland, Geo B. Holland, James A. Hamilton, Chas. Milliken, J. S. Fowler, W. C. Shore, George Seanor, Mack Davis, J. W. Lyndon. The present officers are Samuel C. Templeton, President; John Stanfield, Vice- President; Eben C. Farley, Cashier. The capital stock is $50,000, all taken. The Los Gatos Ice Works were organized in 1885, by an incorporated company of which A. King is pres- ident, and W. D. Tisdale principal owner, superin- tendent, and manager. It has eight tanks, each of which has a capacity of ten tons. Its product is sold in San Francisco, San Jose, Los Gatos and Santa Cruz. The Los Gatos and Saratoga Wine Company was organized in June, 1885, by the vine-growers in the vicinity of Los Gatos and toward Saratoga. The capital stock is $20,000, and is all in the hands of vine- growers. The product in 1885 was eight thousand gallons; in 1886 it was eighty thousand gallons, and in 1887 the company made one hundred and ten thou- sand gallons of wine, and thirty-five hundred gallons of brandy. Its officers are: Henry Wadsworth, President; Wm. Warren, Vice-President; Geo W. Lynch, Secre- trary; A. Malpas, Business Manager; H. A. Merriam, Superintendent of Winery. Santa Cruz Mountain Improvement Company. — In- corporated July, 1886, for the purpose of furnishing facilities for improving and building up the mountain district back of Los Gatos. Its officers are: J. S. Fowler, President; H. C. Morrill, Vice-President; V. Averill, Treasurer; C. E. Aiken, Secretary. The Summit Opera Flouse was built by this company. The First Presbyterian Church in Los Gatos was organized by Rev. J. M. Newell, of Santa Clara, July 3, 1 88 1, with twenty-three members and with G. W. McGrew as elder, to whose efforts previous to that date its existence is due. Rev. R. C. Hoodie has been its minister from the first. Trustees were elected July 10, as follows: S. S. Butler, John Henderson, W. D. Hudson, E. W. Mills, and Samuel Templeton. The Sunday-school was organized July 17, with E. W. Mills as superintendent. Services were held every Sunday forenoon, for twelve weeks, in Lyndon Hall. By that time a lot had been purchased from J. Y. McMillan, with a dwelling-house, which was converted into a chapel and used as a place of worship, morn- ing and evening, for three years. In 1882 Mr. Moodie built a cottage on the church lot, and in 1885 pur- chased a portion of the lot, with a frontage of fifty feet, including the chapel, which he joined with his cottage, making his present residence, which is in- tended for a parsonage, cost about $1,600. The church edifice was erected in 1884-85, at a cost of about $3,300, or $5,000 inclusive of furniture, organ, chairs, chandeliers, carpet, bell, fence, and sheds. It was first occupied for a union thanksgiving service, in 1884. It was completed by the following April, and dedicated, without debt. May 3, 1885. One hun- dred and forty-two persons have been connected with the church as members. Its present membership is ninety-three, of whom twelve are absent. The Sun- day-school numbers one hundred and twenty, with M. Howell as superintendent. The elders are M. Howell, E. B, Conklin, R. W. B. McLellan, and PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 211 L. S. Wood. The trustees are S. S. Butler, E. B. Conklin, M. Howell, J. C. Mansur, C. H. Woodhams. Auxiliary organizations are a Ladies' Aid Society, a Woman's Home and p-oreign Missionary Society, a young people's society, and a mission band, called " The Busy Workers." The pastor's salary is raised by subscription. The church received aid from the Board of Home Missions the first four years, but has since been self-supporting. Current expenses and benevolent contributions are raised by church col- lections. Improvements are from time to time pro- vided for by the Ladies' Aid Society. The congre- gational expen.ses last year were $1,415. The benev- olent contributions were $353. R. C. Moodie was born in Craftsbury, Vermont, June 19, 1852. His father, Robert Moodie, was born in Scotland, April 23, 1788; removed to Craftsbury, Vermont, in 1831, where he died at the age of ninety, in 1878. His mother, Phebe Augusta (Blanchard), was born in Greensboro, Vermont, in 18 10, and lived nearly all her life in Craftsbury. She was married to Robert Moodie in 1832, as his second wife, and was the mother of eight children (Robert Moodie having one daughter by a former wife), of whom R. C. Moodie is next to the youngest, and only two others are living. She died in 1877. Young Moodie worked on his father's farm until he was nineteen, with an occasional term at the Craftsbury Academy and at a district school, when he taught in a district school one winter; went in the spring of the same year to an academy at Meriden, New Hampshire; then two years were spent in Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Massachusetts; then the summer vaca- tion was spent at Amenia, New York, in studies that would have occupied the senior year at Williston Seminary; and he entered Yale College at New Haven, Connecticut, in the autumn of 1874, and graduated in 1878; then spent three years in a Pres- byterian Theological Seminary at Auburn, New York, graduating in May, 1881. He was married the eight- eenth of the same month, came to California in June, and settled in Los Gatos in July. Carrie Augusta Root (wife of R. C. Moodie) was born in Craftsbury, Vermont. They have two chil- dren, Walter Chafey and Willis Beecher, ages six and four respectively. Ridgely Lodge, No. 2^4., I. 0. 0. F., was instituted at Los Gatos, April 4, 1882, by Past Grand C. J. Owen, D. D. G. M. Its charter members were: T. S. Cleland, B. J. Allen, L. A. Cole, James Eddy, Jay E. Fuller, J. J. Roberts. First officers: B. G. Allen, N. G.; J. E. Fuller, V. G.; James Eddy, R. S.; T. S. Cleland, Treasurer. Present officers : E. A. Kennedy, N. G.; Geo. S. McMurtry, V. G.; L. E. Hamilton, R. S.; A. E. Wilder, Recording Secretary; W. Lee, Treasurer. Los Gatos Lodge, No. yd, A. 0. U. W. — Organized January 11, 1879. First officers: J. T. Harris, P. M. W.; T. S. Cleland, M. W.; H. C. Black, F.; J. B. Waterman, O.; A. F. McFarland, Recorder; H. U. Ball, G.; Thos. W. Cox, I. W.; Wm. Parks, O. W. Los Gatos Parlor, No. I2^j., N. S. G. W., was organ- ized March 23, 1888. Officers: Past President', G. D. Wilson; President, Geo. S. McMurtry; First Vice- President, Edward C. Yocco; Second Vice-President, N. G. Rogers; Third Vice-President; R. L. Hutch- inson; Recording Secretary, Fen Massol; Financial Secretary, J, H. Coult; Treasurer, James Stanfield; Surgeon, R. P. Gober. There are three Trustees : Geo. R. Emerson, Fred. W. Perkins, W. S. Baker; Inside Sentinel, F. F. Watkins ; Outside Sentinel, A. M. Howell. Charter members: W. J. Baker, James J. Stanfield, Robt. L. Hutchinson, Freeman L. Howes, William A. Riggs, Robt. F. Kennedy, Daniel McCarthy, Wm. P. Veuve, Wm. C. Swinford, Robt. D. Baker, Frank F. Watkins, Edward C. Yocco, Fred. W. Perkins, Alexander M. Howell, Geo. S. McMurtry, Geo. R. Emerson, Noah G. Rogers, Geo. D. Wilson, J. H. Coult, Hugh R. Roberts, R. P. Gober, Fen Massol. CLIMATE. The following description of the climate of Los Gatos was written by one who has made the subject a special study: "The Santa Cruz Mountains shut off the harsh breezes from the ocean, and the creeping fog from the Bay of San Francisco very rarely finds its way into this vicinity. Calla lilies and the ten- dcrest geraniums flourish and bloom in open air the year around. Tomatoes ^nd green peas, gathered from the vines, often form a part of Christmas din- ners, with strawberries, taken from the vines in open air, for dessert. The altitude above the ocean, be- tween four and five hundred feet, and freedom from fogs, have caused the place to be sought by many invalids who have regained their health. The bay wind generally prevails through the day and the mountain breeze at night. This thoroughly ventilates the foot-hills and adds to their healthfulncss. We have no thunder and lightning, and no cyclones, hur- ricanes or tornadoes; no heavy frosts or snows, floods or droughts ; no malarious diseases. From the first of May to the first of November we have no rain, 212 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." no showers, while in what we call the winter months showers and rains fall sufficient to thoroughly moisten the ground. We have much clear weather in winter — about the same as April and May in the East. The soil is so deep and open that where it is thoroughly cultivated it remains moist to within a few inches of the surface all summer. Travelers who have spent years in search of the model climate say that our climate could not be surpassed on the globe, and they certainly are correct. The great variety of growing orchards add beauty to the general appear- ance of the foot-hills and the valley, which spread out below Los Gatos into a picture without a parallel." SARATOGA. This village was founded by Martin McCarthy in 1 85 1. He laid it out in lots and blocks at that time, and called it McCarthysville. The first settlers after McCarthy were William Haun and his father-in-law, John Whisman. They built a flour-mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1864. While the mill was build- ing Washburn and Pipkin opened a store, and Henry Jarboe started a blacksmith shop. The first post- master was Levi Millard, who was appointed in 1855. In 1863 the town site was re-surveyed and additions made. The vacant land came into the hands of Charles Maclay, who re-christened it with the name of Saratoga. Its original founder is now dead, but his widow still lives on the place, and that she has kept up with the progress of events will be seen by her biographical sketch elsewhere in this book. A paper mill and a pasteboard mill were established in 1868, the former by E. T. and W. T. King, and the latter by Peter Somerville. Both were afterwards de- stroyed by fire. The town has become widely known from its loca- tion near the Pacific Congress Springs, which has be- come one of the most famous summer resorts on the coast. These springs were discovered in 1850. Among those who early discovered the wonderful properties of the waters of these springs were D. O. Mills and Alvinza Hayward, wealthy business men of San Fran- cisco. They formed a joint-stock company, consist- ing of themselves and O. F. Griffin, Louis McLane, E. O. Knight, and other prominent men, and pur- chased seven hundred and twenty acres, including the spring and its surroundings. The plan was for each to erect a cottage for himself and family, and to erect a main building, to be used as a boarding-house for all. Only two cottages were built. The main build- ing was erected and contained fourteen rooms. It was formally opened June 16, 1866. In 1872 the property was purchased by Lewis P. Sage and his son, Lewis A. Sage. There was no cleared land on the place at this time, nor was it easy of access. The purchasers procured the construction of a good road, and set about improving the place both as to build- ings and for agricultural purposes. This work has been done principally by Lewis A. Sage, who has had the sole management of the place. The hotel was reconstructed and enlarged, until it now has sixty- three rooms. A reservoir containing twenty thousand gallons has been built, which is supplied with pure water from the Quito Creek. Forty-five acres are planted to vines of the choicest wine varieties, of which the largest portion are six years old and bear profusely. Fifteen acres are in French prunes, now three years old, and seventy-five acres are devoted to general agricultural purposes. Two hundred acres are used for pasturage, while the remainder is devoted to preserving game and fish for the use of the guests at the hotel. These "hills abound with game of all kinds, while the streams are abundantly supplied with mount- ain trout. This makes Congress Hall a popular resort for sportsmen as well as invalids, and business men seeking recreation. Mr. James E. Gordon, in his lecture on Saratoga and its surroundings, says: — " The tourist or visitor to Saratoga need take no thought as to his entertainment, as Congress Hall is one of the most comfortable and attractive hotels on the Pacific Coast. It consists of a spacious main building, with broad veranda,and a number of two-story cottages adjoining, grouped upon a plateau on the mountain side, and surrounded by shade-trees, a beautiful lawn, and rare tropical plants and flowers. Facing, as it does, the grand old mountains across the canon, which are covered with forest trees, some of them of giant size, and the whole covering seven hundred and twenty acres, the surroundings make one feel that there is plenty of room and comfort everywhere, and just the place to have a good time. After a sumptu- ous lunch a short walk brings you to a rustic bridge crossing a clear mountain stream, delightfully shaded, wild and romantic, along which you wend your way to the celebrated Congress Springs, surrounded by shady nooks, rustic seats, and miniature water-falls. Aside from its valuable medicinal properties, it is one of the most pleasant mineral waters in existence. There are bath-rooms convenient to the hotel, where hot and cold baths are served with wonderful effect PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' 213 upon the weak and afflicted." The water of the spring is celebrated the world over as a remedy in cases of dyspepsia, rheumatism, and impurities of the blood, a.s well as a refreshing beverage and invigorat- ing tonic. Its analysis is chloride of sodium, 1 19.159; sulphate of soda, 12.140; carbonate of soda, 123.351; carbonate of iron, 14.030; carbonate of lime, 17.295; silica, alumina, with trace of magnesia, 49.882. As we have related in our chapter on horticulture, the Saratoga District was the very first to discover and take advantage of resources in the direction of fruit and vine-growing. The success of the earlier orchards induced the planting of others, and the suc- cess of these has kept up the enthusiasm until nearly the whole country is a succession of orchards and vineyards yielding golden harvests to their owners. T/ie Saratoga Village Improiement Association was organized in 1887, its objects being to buy unimproved land, plant and cultivate trees and vines thereon, and sell in ten-acre lots on easy terms; to build houses, mills, factories, and supply same with water and gas; construct roads, bridges, and sidewalks; to manu- facture the products of our fields and forests, and generally to develop the resources of Saratoga. A tract of five hundred acres has been secured, which will be divided into ten-acre lots as soon as fifty subscribers are obtained. The price of the lots, including planting and cultivating trees, will be $3,000, payable in seventy-two monthly installments. The Saratoga Wine Company is an association of vine-growers who have formed an incorporation for the purpose of manufacturing into wine the product of their vineyards, and thus protect themselves from any combination that may be formed by dealers. The officers are: A. D. Macdonald, President; Lewis A. Sage, Secretary and Treasurer; Peter Warner, Man- ager The winery is in the building at Saratoga for- merly used as a flouring-mill. Last season the vintage amounted to sixty-three thousand gallons. SMALLER TOWNS. LEXINGTON. Lexington was at one time quite a flourishing hamlet. Situated about three miles above Los Gatos, it was the headquarters for the early lumbermen and people otherwise employed in the mountains. It was also the stopping-place for the Santa Cruz stages. The advent of the railroad, which left it on one side, took away all its support, and it has since almost ceased to exist. It is in the heart of the mountain fruit district, but trade and traffic do not reach it. ALMA. This place, which, before the building of the rail- road, was only a wayside inn, has grown into consid- erable importance since that time. Its history, as a village, dates from 1877, and is too recent to have much interest. WRIGHTS. Wrights IS a small hamlet near the summit of the Santa Cruz Mountains. It came into existence in 1878, when the railroad was completed. It is the shipping-point for wood, and also for much of the fruit grown in that portion of the mountain district. MILPITAS. We have shown, in our chapter on land titles, how this name originated. The town came into existence in 1856, when Frederick Creighton erected the first building and opened a store. A post-office was also established at this time, with Creighton as postmaster, and J. R. Weller as assistant. In 185.7 the first hotel was opened by James Kinney, who was succeeded by A. French. The building was destroyed by fire in i860, but was rebuilt by Mr. French, who has ever since been its proprietor. The town has kept up with the times in the way of improvements. It has neat churches, and one of the best school buildings in the country. It contains shops and stores sufficient for the necessities of the surrounding country, and the inhabitants are contented. ALVISO. In 1849 it was thought that this town was destined to become a great city. Sitting, as it does, at the head of San Francisco Bay, it was thought that it would become the shipping-point for all the lower country. It was predicted that, in a comparatively few years, shipping from all parts of the world would be moored at its wharves, and its immense warehouses be filled with the products of all nations. For a time it was a very active place. Warehouses were built, and build- ings erected for hotels, dwellings, and stores. The railroad, however, diverted travel in 1866, and it be- came nearly deserted. The arrival of the South Pacific Coast Railroad, in 1876, revived business somewhat, but its people no longer anticipate that it will become the metropolis of the Pacific Coast. The town was incorporated in 1852, with John Snyder as its first treasurer, and A. T. Gallagher as its first marshal. Thomas West and Robert Hutchinson were members of the first Board of Trustees. Its charter has been allowed to lapse, and it has now no inde- pendent existence. 214 PEN PICTURES PROM J HE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." MOUNTAIN VIEW. The old town originally consisted of a stage sta- tion on the San Francisco road, built by James Camp- bell, in 1852. Opposite this station Richard Karr opened a store, which was managed by Jacob Shum- way. In 1853 the Weilheimer Brothers opened a store, as did also a Hungarian called "Doc." The town was surveyed into lots and blocks by Frank Sleeper and Mariano Castro, but the town has shown no disposition to stray away from the one principal street. It never was incorporated. In 1869 Mr. S. P. Taylor erected the hotel which, since his death, has been conducted by his widow. In 1876 Enter- prise Hall was built by a local association. Mountain View Lodge, No. 244, I. O. O. F., was instituted June 2, 1876. MOUNTAIN VIEW STATION, Or New Mountain View, was the outgrowth of the railroad. It was laid out by S. O. Houghton in 1865, The first house was built by Shirley and Haines, for a saloon. The next building was the hotel, built by D. Frink and Shirley. The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was built in October, 1872, and for the first year was under the charge of Rev. Isaac L. Hop- kins. Mountain View Lodge, No. 194, F. and A. M., was organized in 1868. Mountain View Lodge, No. 59, A. O. U. W., was organized October 16, 1878. Golden Wreath Lodge, No. 327, I. O. G. T., was or- ganized May 14, 1880. The two brick warehouses were built in 1878, by Smith and Bubb. MAYFIELD. In 1853 David Adams built a public house on what is now the route of the San Francisco road, and called it "Uncle Jim's Cabin." It became noted in the days of stage travel. The next building was used as a butcher shop by Rama & Cinovia, and was built in 1854. C. J. Fuller built a store in 1855, and shortly afterwards a blacksmith shop. In this year a post-office was established, with James Otterson as postmaster. In 1857 Doctor Gunning located in the town, as did also Judge Wallis. In the meantime Fuller had sold out his mercantile business to Will- iam Paul. The railroad arrived in 1864, but the sta- tion was located three-quarters of a mile from the town. About two years afterwards it was changed to its present position. The town was regularly laid out by William Paul in 1867, and streets opened, named, and graded. In 1866 Page & Peers opened a lumber yard, and in 1868 the Mayfield Brewery was built. The Catholic Church was erected in 1871, and in 1872 the Methodist Episcopal Church was built. Mayfield Lodge, No. 192, I. O. O. F., was in.stituted September 13, 1871. The town seems now to have entered on a new era of prosperity. In addition to the impetus received by the development of its great horticultural resources, the establishment of the great Stanford University in the immediate vicinity has given it great importance. NEW ALMADEN QUICKSILVER MINE. The history of this famous mine has been fre- quently written, but has never been presented in bet- ter form than by Mrs. Carrie Stevens Walters, in the excellent hand-book of Santa Clara County, pub- lished by E. S. Harrison in 1887. As the duty of the historian is to present facts, we give those con- nected with this institution in the language of Mrs. Walters: — " Almaden — from two Arabic word.s — a/, ' the,' madcn, 'mine' — was the name given to the most famous quicksilver mine of the world, located in Spain. Its namesake of Santa Clara County, hav- ing no superior, with the single exception above men- tioned, deserves more than a passing notice in a work of this character. The New Almaden quicksilver mine is situated about fourteen miles southwest of San Jose, in a low range of hills running parallel with the Coast Range. Tradition states that this mine was known to the native Indians nearly a century ago, and that they used the ore— red sulphurct of mercury — to form a pigment paste by pounding and moistening it. In 1824 the existence of the mine was made known to Don Antonio Sunol, who worked it for silver; but not finding this metal, and not sus- pecting the real nature of the deposit, abandoned it at the end of a year. In November, 1845, a Mexican ofificer named Andres Castillero, visiting at Santa Clara Mission, was shown some of the ore, and while experimenting for silver, discovered quicksilver. He at once filed his right to the mine as a discoverer, according to the Spanish and Mexican law, after which he formed a stock company, dividing the mine into twenty-four shares. An American named Wm. G. Chard was then employed, who commenced the reduction by charging a gun barrel with small pieces of ore, stopping the vent with clay, placing the muz- zel into a barrel of water, and building a fire around the other end. The mercury, being driven off by the heat in the form of vapor, passed out at the muzzle- was condensed in the water, and precipitated in the PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 215 form of liquid quicksilver. Three or four gun barrels were thus employed for several weeks. Six whaler's try-pots were next obtained, capable of holding three or four tons of ore, and a sort of furnace formed by inverting three over the other three, by which some two thousand pounds of metal were reduced. About this time — 1846 — the mine was visited by General Fremont, who established its value at about thirty thousand dollars! Soon after this, Barron, Forbes & Co., of Tepic, Mexico, became the principal stock- holders, and in 1847 Alexander Forbes, of the firm, arrived with laborers, funds, and everything necessary to the proper working of the mine. A thorough ex- amination gave so much promise that work was pros- ecuted with vigor. In 1850 furnaces were first con- structed and large quantities of ore reduced under the superintendence of the late Gen. H. W. Halleck. As the true value of the mine became apparent, disputes concerning the title arose. The company bought in two titles for protection. But matters be- came so complicated that in October, 1858, an injunc- tion was placed on the mine, which remained until February, i86i, during which time no work was done. In 1864 the company disposed of the mine and all improvements, including eight thousand five hun- dred and eighty acres of land, for $1,700,000, to a company chartered, under the laws of New York and Pennsylvania, as ' The Quicksilver Mining Company,' which company is the present owner. " The workings of the mine, past and present, ex- tend over an area the extreme limits of which could barely be included within a rectangular block five thousand feet long from north to south, six thousand feet wide from east to west, and two thousand three hundred feet in depth, counting from the summit of Mine Hill, the upward limit of the ore deposit. The workings do not cover all the area here indicated, but are very irregularly distributed within it. Mining ex- perts will readily understand from this, and also from the fact that ore bodies seem to obey no special law of distribution, but are a puzzle to geologists, the difificulty offered in the workings of this mine. In its famous rival, Almaden of Spain, the ore bodies are placed with remarkable regularity, increasing in rich- ness as depth is obtained, and all included within a rectangular block seven hundred feet long, by three hundred and fifty broad, and one thousand and twenty-seven in depth. It may be interesting to pursue this comparison a little further. For instance: the average salary paid to workmen at the Spanish mine is sixty cents per day ; at New Almaden, about $2.40. The number of workers employed at old Almaden, three thousand one hundred and twenty- six ; at New Almaden, four hundred and sixty; the yield per ton of ore at New Almaden averages lit- tle more than twenty pounds of quicksilver; at old Almaden the general average is about two hundred pounds of quicksilver to the ton; the average cost of extracting per flask of seventy-six and one-half pounds at old Almaden is $7.10; at New Almaden the cost is $26.38. It is safe to affirm that, had the Spanish mine the same difficulties to overcome in working as are encountered at New Almaden, it would long since have been shut down, despite the Rothschilds, its lessees. These facts naturally lead one to inquire something of the management of the Santa Clara County Almaden. The mine came un- der control of its present manager, Mr. J. B. Randol, in 1870. At that time there was an interest-bearing debt against the property of over one and a half mill- ion dollars. The amount of ore in sight was dis- couragingly small, the extraction very costly, and the stockholders were so pushed to carry on the workings of the mine that they were compelled to raise $200,000 by subscription. The systems of working the mine were crude and expensive, furnaces and condensers imperfect and the mine developed only to the eight hundred-foot level, with one main shaft. Much of the ore was brought from lower to higher levels in bags made of ox-hides, and carried by Mexicans by means of a strap over the forehead — from one hun- dred and forty to two hundred pounds being conveyed at a load. Now, in 1886, exploration and exploita- tion have been made in nine shafts, six of which are in active operation; there is^a network of under- ground passages aggregating nearly fifty miles in length ; mining work is carried on to a depth of two thousand three hundred feet, while the machin- ery is the most complete and economical of any mine in the world. In those sixteen years three hundred and eighteen thousand flasks of quicksilver have been reduced, over $5,000,000 disbursed for labor, and yet with atotal profit to the owners of more than $4,000,000. The funded debt has been paid, large amounts ex- pended in permanent improvements, and over $1,000- 000 declared in dividends. More than one-half the world's supply of quicksilver comes from California. A greater portion of this is produced at New Alma- den, a small amount being put out by other mines in the State. " In those earlier days the social condition of the workmen, who were mostly Mexicans, was inferior- 216 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' The place was noted for lawlessness, and was a rendez- vous for Mexican banditti. Little restraint was ex- ercised over the men, and gambling, drinking, and licentiousness were common. Large wages were paid, and it was no uncommon occurrence for a man to be killed after pay-day. There were no advantages of church or schools. Water for cooking and drinking purposes was carried on donkeys and sold by the pail- ful. " Now the visitor leaves the railroad station two miles from the hacienda where are located the re- duction works of the mine. Almost the first thing to greet the eye is a pretty school-house with its groups of neat, tidy children. Two teachers are employed here and four at the school on the hill, three miles further on, for ten months in the year, the schools be- ing in the regular county school system. Along the single street for half a mile are clean, pretty cottages the homes of the hacienda workmen, each cottage literally embowered in choice roses and other flowers. These houses are owned mostly by the company, who lease them to the workmen at from $2.00 to $5.00 per month. Cuttings and plants are supplied free from the beautiful gardens of the manager, where are grown more varieties of roses than in any other place, perhaps, in the county. Along the street in front of the houses a stream of purest water is conducted in a channel for domestic purposes. The street is bordered with shade-trees, and a neat brick walk extends its entire length. Everywhere are seen signs of thrift and prosperity; the people look well kept and con- tented, while an all-pervading spirit of order and sys- tem extends to the remotest ramifications of this im- portant industry. "Three miles up a steep but well-graded road brings one to the mine proper, where are the great shafts with their huge engines, in one of which, the engine of the Buena Vista shaft, is a piece of iron weighing twelve tons. The miners are principally Mexican and Cornish. Two pretty church edifices, a Methodist and a Catholic, located at the Hill Set- tlement, were built almost entirely by contributions from the company and manager. A social organiza- tion, called the ' Helping Hand,' for which the com- pany erected and fitted up a club building, for the benefit of the workmen, has a fine library of nearly five hundred volumes, besides a list of magazines and daily and weekly newspapers of the best published. Here are held frequent entertainments, given by the members, and the society is a wonderful factor in- the promotion of sociability, general information, and mental culture. " The Miners' Fund, to which each employe con- tributes one dollar per month, pays, among other ex- penditures for the good of the miners, the salary of a resident physician, a most skillful and competent gentleman, whose services are gratuitous to the con- tributors. The value of this arrangement will be better understood when it is known that a great ma- jority of the workmen are married men with families. The management encourages this class, feeling that, as a rule, it is more reliable and responsible than that composed of men with no domestic ties. The popu- lation of the settlement is about fourteen hundred, of which six hundred are under twenty years of age. The essentials of a true home, children, and flowers, flourish unrestrained at New Almaden. The pay-roll is noted for men who have been long in the employ of the company; and it is hardly necessary to add that during Mr. Randol's management such a thing as a ' strike ' has never been thought of." Since September, 1887, the management of the system inaugurated and built up by the superintend- ent, Mr. Randol, has been intrusted to Col. Ferdinand Von Leicht, who has been connected with the quick- silver interests of California since 1868. Following is County at the p Agnew, Alma, Alviso, Bell's Station Campbell, Coyote, Cupertino, Evergreen, Frohm, POST-OFFICES, a list of post-offices in Santa Clara resent tune :- Mountain View, Gilroy, Gilrby Hot Sp'gs, New Almaden, Gubserville, Patchin, Hillsdale, Lawrence, Los Gatos, Madrone, Mayfield, Milpitas, San Felipe, San Jose, Santa Clara, Saratoga, Sargent, Wrights. PRIVATE LAND GRANTS. Following is a list of the various tracts of land in Santa Clara County to which title was granted by the Spanish and Mexican Governments: — Arroyo de los Pilarcitos, one square league, to Can- delario Miramontes. Cailada del Corte de Madera, to Domingo Peralta. Canada de San Felipey Las Animas, two square leagues, to Charles M. Weber, patented August 9, 1866. Canada de Pala, eight thousand by twelve hundred PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 217 varas, to Jos6 de Jesus Bernal et al., patented August 9, 1863. Cailada de los Capitancillos, to Guadaloupe Mining Company. El Corte de Madera, two square leagues, to Maximo Martinez, patented June 14, 1858. El Pasito de las Animas, three thousand and forty- two acres, to Robert Walkinshaw. Em'barcadero de Santa Clara, one thousand varas, to Barcelia Bernal. Juristac, one square league, to Antonio and Faustin German. La Polka, one square league, to Bernard Murphy, patented March 3, i860. La Purisima Concepcion, one square league, to J nana Briones. Los Tularcitos, to Antonio Higuera et al., heirs of Josd Higuera, patented July 8, 1870. Las Animas or Sitio de la Brea, to Jose Maria Sanchez. Las Coches, half square league, to Antonio Suiiol et al., patented December 31, 1857. La Laguna Seca, four square leagues, to Liberata Cesana Bull, et al., patented November 24, 1865.' Los Capitancillos, three-quarters of a square league, to Charles Fosset, patented February 3, 1865. Las Animas, to Frederick E. Whiting. Milpitas, one square league, to Josd Maria Alviso. Mission of Santa Clara, to Juan C. Galindo. Mission of Santa Clara, thirteen and thirteen-hun- dredths acres, church property, patented March 3, 1858. Ojo de Agua de la Coche, two square leagues, to Bernard Murphy, patented January 4, i860. Patrero de Santa Clara, one square league, to Robert F. Stockton. Pastoria de las Borregas, three thousand two hun- dred and seven and a quarter acres, to Martin Murphy, patented December 15, 1865. Pueblo of San Jose, to mayor and common coun- cil of San Jose, confirmed October 8, 1866. Pala, one square league, to Ellen White et al., widow and heirs of Charles White. Quito, three square leagues, to Manuel Alviso, pat- ented May 14, 1866. Rincon de San Francisquito, half square league, to Maria Antonio Mesa, widow of Rafael Soto. Rancho del Refugio, or Pastoria del las Borregas, three square leagues, to Thomas Pacheco and Augus- tin Alviso. Rincon de los Esteros, to Francisco Bcrreyessa et al, heirs of G, Berreyessa. Rincon de los Esteros, to Rafael Alviso et al. Rincon de los Esteros, two thousand acres, to Ellen E. White. Rincofiada de los Gatos, one and a half square leagues, to Sebastian Peralta and Jose Hernandez, patented March 19, i860. Santa Ana y Quien Sabe, seven square leagues, to Juan Miguel Angas and Manuel Larios, patented May I, i860. San Isidro, one square league, to Quentin Ortega et al, patented September 27, 1869. San Francisco de las Llagas, six square leagues, to Bernard Daniel, James and Martin Murphy, patented March 19, 1868. San Antonio, one square league, to Encarnacion Mesa et al., patented August 6, 1866. San Vicente, one square league, Maria L. B. Ber- reyessa. Santa Teresa, one square league, to Augustin Ber- nal, patented March 8, 1867. San Isidro, one square league, to Quentin Ortega, patented October 22, 1868. San Francisquito, eight suertes (two hundred varas each), Maria Concepcion Valencia de Rodriguez et al, patented June 8, 1868. San Antonio, six thousand one hundred and two acres, to William A. Dana et al, patented, no date re- corded. Ulistac, half square league, Jacob D. Hoppe, pat- ented October 12, 1868. Las Uvas, three square leagues, to Bernard Murphy, patented February 18, i860. Yerba Buena, or Socaye, twenty-four thousand three hundred and forty-two and sixty-four one-hundredths acres, to Antonio Chavalla, patented January 3, 1859. Tract of land, two thousand varas, confirmed to James Enwright. Tract of land, fifty by sixty varas, confirmed to Francisco Arce. Two tracts of land, three hundred and fifty-eight and fifty-one one-hundredths acres, to Mary S. Ben- nett. Los Huecos, nine leagues, Hornsty and Roland, granted May 6, 1846, by Pio Pico, to Louis Arenas and John Roland, 28 ^-^^ ^§<^Oo.- lAMES H. OGIER, deceased. The subject of this sketch was born in Baltimore, Maryland, ^ March 28, 1830. He was the son of John Ogier, who was born on the Island of Guernsey, in the English Channel, but was reared, from nine years of age, in Maryland, where /^w father, a representative of one of the prominent, long-established families of the Isle of Guernsey, made his American home. James H. Ogier, whose name heads this sketch, was reared and educated in Baltimore. Before the attain- ment of his majority he was associated with his father in the management of an extensive vegetable and small-fruit interest, having the city of Baltimore for their market. When twenty-one years of age, the subject of our sketch came, via the Isthmus route, to this State, reaching San Francisco on the second of August, 1851, in company with James H. Cornthvvait, also a native of Baltimore. The first year both worked for wages, but the following season (1852), in partner- ship with John Inglcson and John Hakesly, they bought one hundred and fifty acres of land on the Alviso road, three miles north of San Jose, and at once commenced its improvement. Within a few years Mr. Ogier bought out the interests of Messrs. Ingleson and Hakesly, and finally, in 1859, that of Mr. Cornthwait also, thus becoming the sole owner. Gradually his real-estate holding increased, until the homestead was enlarged to two hundred and eighty acres. On the twenty-fourth of May, 1866, Mr. Ogier was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Branham, the daughter of Isaac Branham, deceased. Mr. Branham was one of California's heroic pioneer men, who braved the perils of plain, mountain, and desert in coming to this valley at the early date of 1846. (Elsewhere in this volume appears a detailed sketch of his life.) Mrs. Ogier was born in Callaway County, Missouri, July 21, 1841, and her fifth birthday was spent on the plains on the way to California. She was educated at the Notre Dame Convent at San Jose, .she and her sister Elizabeth (now deceased) entering as members of its first classes. Mrs. Ogier afterwards became a student at Baser m Institute. All of her married life has been spent at her present home. She is the mother of seven living children, all of whom are yet at her home. Their names are: Elizabeth Hargest, John Branham, Fannie Grayson, James Lee, Ada Reid, Walter Tul- lidge and Margaret. Her sixth child, Florence Eaton died at the age of fourteen months. Mr. Ogier was an active man, who pushed the work 'of improvement rapidly and vigorously. His farm showed evidences of his energy and business manage- ment. He erected his fine family residence in 1883, and spared no expense in making a noble struct- ure, which contains every needed comfort and convenience. He came to Santa Clara a poor young man, but, by industry and the good management which results from experience and thorough knowl- edge, he made his business a profitable one. He acquired an ample competence, and left his family a good home, without incumbrance, although he was obliged to purchase the original homestead three times, from as many different claimants under Mexi- can grants, before he could obtain a perfect title. He was a strong man, physically and mentally, and, although much interested in general public affairs, he always refused political official position. At one time he served as a Director of the Santa Clara Val- ley Agricultural Society, and at his death was one ot the stockholders and a Director of the San Jose Sav- ings Bank. While yet in his prime, his useful and active life was brought to a close on the seventh of May, at Baltimore, Maryland, while visiting his only brother, John Ogier. His remains were brought back to his home and interred in Oak Hill Cemetery at San Jose. In his death his family sustained the loss of a kind husband and father, and the community that of a prosperous citizen, who was willing to use his prosperity for the advancement of public welfare. (219) 220 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." |0N. JOSEPH R. WELLER is one of the pio- ^^ neers of Santa Clara County, a sketch of whom ■ is of great interest. He was born near Washing- ton, in Warren County, New Jersey, October lo, 1819. His parents, Peter R. and Elizabeth (Smock) Weller, were natives of that State. When he was about the age of five years, his father emigrated to Livingston County, New York, where he was engaged in farming, in which occupation the Judge was reared until the age of nineteen years. His education at this age was limited to the common schools of the district. From this time he commenced to educate himself, and for two and a half years was a student at the Temple Hill Academy, in Genesee, New York, under the tui- tion of Prof Horatio N. Robinson, the celebrated author of mathematical text-books. He afterwards taught in the public schools and attended the Ithaca Academy, and while there was selected by the Board of Supervisors of Livingston County as their repre- sentative teacher to attend the State Normal School at Albany. He graduated at this school in 1846. He was then engaged by Colonel W. W. Wadsworth as an associate with Henry Willey, to take charge of an agricultural college in the Genesee Valley, a posi- tion which he occupied until the failing health of Mr. Wadsworth compelled a discontinuance of the enterprise. He also at this period devoted consider- able attention to the study of Jaw. In the spring of 1849 he was employed as a teacher in Prof H. M. Boehm's private seminary on Staten Island, New York, in which occupation he continued until May, 1850, when, under the influence of the gold fever, he left New York on the hn^ John French for California, reaching the mouth of the Chagres River after a stormy passage of thirty-six days. He and his com- panions crossed the Isthmus, and, after suffering a delay of six weeks at Panama, embarked on the ship Columbus for San Francisco, at which place he arrived August 7, 1850. After a short stay in that city he located in the mines at Coloma, El Dorado County, but ill health compelled an abandonment of his min- ing prospects, and in the spring of 185 1 he came to Santa Clara County. Upon his arrival he located on the Charles Weber Ranch, and there remained until his health was restored. After engaging in various occupations, among which was a trip to the mines in Mariposa County with produce, he rented a farm from James Murphy, and for the next two years was en- gaged in farming operations. In May, 1853, he set- tled in Milpitas upon a fine tract of land, where he has since resided. This farm now comprises two hundred and sixty acres of an original tract of four hundred acres in extent. With the exception of a small orchard, he devotes his land to the growing of hay and grain, and stock-raising. Of the latter he has a dairy of twenty-five cows. He is also quite extensively engaged in raising some of the finer breed of horses, particularly thoroughbred trotting-stock, at the head of which is his well-known stallion " Orion," which is a descendant of the famous horse, " Elmo." In 1872 he purchased six hundred acres in the hills east of and about five miles from Milpitas, which he still owns. In 1855 Mr. Weller organized the Milpitas School District, and was appointed one of its Trustees, a position which he held continuously until 1879. The Judge was elected in 1856 to the office of Justice of the Peace, and held that office until 1878. He was also one of the Associate Judges of Santa Clara County. In 1878 he was elected as a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and assisted in framing the present Constitution of the State. Judge Weller is a strong and consistent Republican in politics, taking a great interest in all political mat- ters affecting the prosperity of the county. He is a man of progressive tendencies, and decided character, an earnest advocate of all public and private measures that tend to the advancement of the welfare and morals of the community. Pie is well known through the county, and is one of its most esteemed and re- spected citizens. He is a member of the Presby- terian Church; was one of the original founders and organizers of that church in Milpitas, and has ever since remained one of its strongest supporters. In 1 86c Judge Weller married Mrs. Marian W. (Hart) Battey, the widow of Jonathan Battey, who was a native of New York. Her parents, Solomon and Lucinda (Palmer) Hart, were residents of Madi- son County, New York. From this marriage, two children have been born : Marian Elizabeth, and May Lucinda. Of Mrs. Weller's children by her first mar- riage there is living Henry G. Battey, who married Miss Addie Russell, of Santa Cruz, and is now re- siding in Douglas County, Washington Territory. PAMES FINLEY. There is nothing so decidedly characteristic of the American people as their ^ ability to turn their hands quickly to different occupations, and at the same tin^e make a success of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 221 them. It is this facility which makes this country the home of invention, and places our people at the head of progress. A gentleman who exemplifies this fact very fully is Mr. James Finley, the Superintendent of the County Almshouse, a man of no common order. He was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, in 1845, the son of William and Eliza (Hanna) Finley, his father being of Scotch descent and his mother of English. His father was a farmer, and at this calling James was reared, until at the age of eighteen he left the farm and went to flax-dressing, becoming foreman of the flax-mills. In 1867 he came to the United States, going to Painesville, Ohio, where he worked for Stores, Harrison & Co. in their nurseries. In 1868 the greater promise of California tempted him hither, since which time he has been a resident. After visiting the southern portion of the State he came to Santa Clara County, and took a position as engineer in the Saratoga Paper Mills, learning there the trade of paper-making, and continuing at it for four years. After leaving Saratoga he was engaged for a year in the redwoods of the Santa Cruz Mountains, in the tannery business. He then went to Sonoma County, acting as engineer there for two years. On his return to San Jose, Mr. Finley entered the machine shops of Joseph Enright as an engineer, also acting as sales- man and traveling agent. In 1880 he entered the fire department of San Jose as an engineer, and was so engaged until March, 1885, when he received the appointment of Superintendent of the Santa Clara Almshouse, a position which he still retains. A de- scription of this institution appears in another portion of this work, hence it will not be necessary to say further than that, under the able management of Mr. Finley, it is considered one of the best-conducted institutions of the kind in the country. His esti- mable wife acts as matron, and worthily seconds her husband in the conduct of affairs. It should be stated, however, before dismissing the subject, that under Mr. Finley's management the institution is self-sus- taining. In the management of the almshouse Mr. Finley displays ability of no mean order, as it is a large and important institution. He gives universal satisfaction in his position. In 1884 he visited Los Angeles County, where he purchased forty acres of fine orchard and vineyard land, thinking then of making his residence there. He is still the owner of this, excepting only six acres deeded to his father-in- law. In 1 88 1 he married Miss Sarah E. McGary, the daughter of Garret W. and Catherine (Sparks) Mc- Gary. Her father was a native of Kentucky, who came to California in the days of '49. Her mother was a native of North Carolina, who came to Cali- fornia in 185 1. Mr. and Mrs. Finley have two children, Bessie, born September 24, 1882, and William J., born September 26, 1884. In politics Mr. Finley is Republican, of consistent principles, believing in the protection of American interests and industries. He is a member of th6 American Legion of Honor, in high standing. ICHAEL BELLEW resides on the south side of the Mil[)itas and Alviso road, on the east bank of the Coyote Creek, in the Milpitas School District, about three miles east of Al- viso, and one mile west of Milpitas. There he is the owner of ninety-three acres of land, ten acres of which are devoted to fruit culture, comprising apricots, Ger- man prunes, plums, pears, apples, peaches, and cher- ries. He has also three acres producing strawberries of the Sharpless variety, while in his extensive vege- table cultivation he is using twenty acres, upon which he raises onions, carrots, potatoes, etc. There are also 4^ acres devoted to asparagus. The remainder of this land, with the exception of i^ acres of blackber- ries, is devoted to hay, grain, and stock. Of the lat- ter he has a dairy of forty milch cows, also twenty head of horses of the Normandy gray Messenger stock. A fine artesian well furnishes a six-inch flow of water over an eight-inch pipe, giving all the water needed for irrigation and stock purposes. Mr. Bellew is also the owner of one hundred and twenty-eight acres of land on the north side of the Alviso and Milpitas road, lying on the west bank of the Coyote Creek. Twenty acres of this land are devoted to aspar- agus, five to strawberries, and twenty to the production of various market vegetables. The remainder of this place is used for hay, grain, and stock. There is also a good artesian well on this place. The subject of this sketch was born in Meath County, Ireland, in 1830. His parents, Michael and Mary (Clinton) Bellew, were natives of that county. In early life his schooling facilities were limited. His father was a cattle trader and drover, in which calling he was reared until eighteen years of age. He was also during this time made familiar with farming op- erations. The knowledge gained by Mr. Bellew in these years of stock-raising and farming have been of 222 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." great assistance in after years. In 1848 he accompa- nied his uncle to the United States, landing in New York. From there he went to Massachusetts and was engaged as a farm laborer in various places in that State for about three years, after which he re- moved to Seneca County, New York, and followed farming occupations until 1853, when he came to Cal- ifornia, via the Nicaragua route, arriving in San Fran- cisco in January. After a short visit to Santa Clara County and the mines, he returned to that city, where, after a short stay, he located in the mines in Butte County, and for several months was engaged in an unsuccessful pursuit after wealth. Disgusted with his want of success, he entered the Government employ at Mare Island, where he worked until August, 1861, when he took up his present residence upon land he had purchased the previous year. Since that time Mr. Bellew has followed the calling of farmer. Energy and industry, combined with a well-poised intellect and natural business tact, have insured his success, and he now owns some of the finest lands in his sec- tion. He is a well-known and respected member of the community in which he lives. Catholic in religion and Democratic in politics, in both relations he is strong and consistent. In October, 1858, he married Miss Eliza Kenney, the daughter of Edward and Mary (Tracy) Kenney, who were natives of Roscommon County, Ireland. By this marriage six children have been born, five of whom are living, viz.: William F., John H., Mary E., Catherine R., and Joseph M. In the management of his extensive farms, Mr. Bellew is ably assisted by his sons, above mentioned. Robert GLENDENNING, deceased. The subject of this sketch was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1824. His parents were Joseph and Margaret (Messer) Glendenning. His early youth and boyhood were spent on his father's farm. His educational advantages were those afforded by the common schools of his home. Having improved well such advantages as the schools he attended af- forded, he succeeded in fitting himself for a teacher, to which vocation he devoted several years after leav- ing the farm. In 1847 he went to Australia, where he engaged in stock-raising for about three years. During his resi- dence in Australia, he was united in marriage, on the thirty-first of December, 1849, to Miss Margaret Howie, the eldest daughter of Rev. James Howie and Mary (Carr) Howie. Mr. and Mrs. Howie were na- tives of Scotland, who emigrated to Australia in 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Glendenning, the parents of our subject, were passengers on the same vessel, and from the ac- quaintance and friendship formed at that time sprung the marriage of Robert Glendenning and Margaret Howie. On the day following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Glendenning started for California. Upon their ar- rival in San Francisco Mr. Glendenning engaged in teaming, but soon afterward came to Santa Clara County, in the autumn of 1850. He bought out the squatter's right of an English occupant of what was supposed to be Government land, located about three miles west of Santa Clara, on what is now the Home- stead road. At the time that Mr. Glendenning pur- chased the farm upon which Mrs. Glendenning and the younger members of the family reside, it was mostly covered with brush and large trees; and while soil was productive, j-et he and all others of the early pioneers of the Golden West,, labored hard to clear and cultivate the wild land, and endured many hard- ships in years of drought (such as 1 864), so well remem- bered by the pioneers. After these lands had been improved and buildings erected upon them, the owners of the Alviso grant made claim to the property, and Mr. Glendenning was compelled to purchase their right, paying $30 per acre for two hundred acres, after having paid other parties for the land! Many of the pioneers were so discouraged at having to buy the land, having paid other parties for it, that they abandoned their farms after having improved them more or less, and sought homes elsewhere. Mr. and Mrs. Glendenning, though much discouraged, went earnestly to work to again purchase their home. In his death, which occurred April 23, 1868, his wife and children lost a faithful friend and protector, and the community an esteemed citizen. After his death Mrs. Glendenning, with her young children, the oldest being but sixteen, continued to endeavor to pay for the home, and with an earnestness of purpose and a never-tiring zeal succeeded, after years of toil, in paying for the old home. In accordance with Mr. Glendenning's wishes, when the children reached the age of majority one-half of the estate was given to Mrs. Glendenning, containing the house and other buildings, and the remaining half was divided equally among the six children. Sixty acres of the property is in vines and orchard, the remainder being utilized for the production of hay and grain. J^^l^^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 223 Mrs. Glendenning and her entire family are mem- bers of the Baptist Church. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Glendenning, all but one are living, and have homes near the old homestead. Joseph G., the eldest, married Miss Harriet Turner, of Santa Clara, and resides on his portion of the home- stead; Mary C. the wife of Geo. Crittenden, with their two sons, reside on the farm just north of the home- stead; James E. married Miss Gussie Farley, of Santa Clara, and with their two children, son and daughter, reside on the Homestead road near Santa Clara; George W. makes his home with his mother and takes charge of her farm. Maggie C. married William E. Burrell, of Alviso (now deceased), and with her little daughter lives with her mother; and Ella L. is en- gaged as a teacher in the Los Gatos High School. -.^^^^-< R. JOHN S. POTTS, for years considered one of ^1^ the most prominent and successful physicians of &" San Jose, has been identified with the history and interests of Santa Clara County since 1875. Born September 2, 1840, near Mexico, Missouri, near which town his father owned and operated an exten- sive farm and stock ranch, he early developed that keenness of perception and decisiveness of action which have made his mature life so marked a success. He early attended the public school of his native town, entering at the age of seventeen years the University of Missouri, at Columbia, where he re- mained almost four years, and where he would have graduated in a few months in the class of 1861 had not the breaking out of the Civil War not only put an end to his studies but to the very existence of his a/ma mater for a period of several years. Under the influence of the military ardor then ablaze throughout the land, he, with many of his college associates, en- tered the military service, where he remained several years. After leaving the army he decided on and commenced the study of medicine, attending first the St. Louis Medical College, and later the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Keokuk, Iowa, where he received his degree. He afterward attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, passing several winters in attending lectures and gaining clin- ical experience in the hospitals of that city. Return- ing to Mexico, Missouri, in 1869, he devoted himself energetically to the practice and further study of medicine, his efforts being followed with well-earned success professionally and financially. Reports from California conveying special climatic attractions to Mrs. Potts, they made a trip to this coast. A short time spent in Santa Clara County decided them as to their future residence. Settling in San Jose in 1875, Dr. Potts resumed the practice of medicine, where his abilities and success soon ad- vanced him to the first rank among the leading phy- sicians. In 1880 he visited Europe, where, besides making the grand tour, he devoted much time to his profession in the hospitals at Edinburgh, London, Dublin, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. He returned to California with the feeling that the climate and at- tractions of the Santa Clara Valley were decidedly unexcelled. Resuming practice, he has at the same time taken an active interest in the various move- ments for the development of the material interests of this county. One of the originators of the Board of Trade, he helped to make that organization the means and channel through which to disseminate abroad a knowledge of the great resources and un- bounded attractions of this county. One of the first also to realize the value of a really first-class hotel, possessing accommodations sufficient for the coming tide of tourist travel, and adapted in the ele- gance of its appointments and beauty of its sur- roundings to the needs of such a class, he threw him- self into the breach, expended his money, patience, and energy, talked, wrote, and traveled until at last the magnificent Hotel Vendome became an estab- lished institution. The election of Dr. Potts to the presidency of the Hotel Vendome Company is an assurance of the permanent success of that institu- tion, and of the maintenance of the hotel in a style commensurate with its opportunities. Dr. Potts has been a member of the Santa Clara County Medical Society since its organization, and has served a regular term as its President. He is a member of Friendship Lodge, No. 210, F. & A. M., also of San Jose Commandery, No. 10, K. T He is interested in fruit culture, being one of a syndicate which owns the celebrated Knob Hill Orchard. Dr. Potts was married in 1864 to Miss Mattie Hen- derson, eldest daughter of John S. Henderson, of Calloway County, Missouri. She died in 1865, leav- ing one daughter, Mattie, now the wife of Jeter Wal- thall, of San Jose. In 1866 he was married to Miss Sallie Quisenberry, whose father was a prominent merchant of Columbia, Missouri. Mrs. Potts is a graduate of Christian College, located at Columbia. 224 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Her parents were William B. and Joanna Quisen- berry. The parents of the subject of this sketch were John and Margaret (Spence) Potts, natives of Kentucky and Virginia, and the former for many years a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Audrain County, Missouri. His mother still lives in Mexico, Missouri. ~--^##^-^- lAMES HENRY STONIER dates his birth from November i6, 1835, in Yates County, New York. His parents, Joseph and Mary Ann (Hardwick) Stonier, were natives of England, who emigrated to the United States in 1835. Until he was fifteen years of age his life was spent on a farm. He then learned the trade of painter, which occupation he fol- lowed for the next three or four years. A portion of this time he was located in Peoria, Illinois, at which place he was also engaged in acquiring an education. In 1854, desirous of bettering his condition, he started by the Panama route for California, and arrived in San Francisco in January, 1855. The next five years he devoted to mining in El Dorado County. He then quit this occupation and located in San Jose, where he devoted eighteen months' time to perfecting his education at the University of the Pacific. The next five years he spent in farming near Berryessa, upon rented land. He then took up his residence in San Jose, where he lived for seven years, at the same time conducting his farm operations in the country, as well as cultivating land in the city. In 1874 he removed to land which he purchased on the Hostetter road. This place was formerly owned by Mr. Jackson, and is now in the possession of Will- iam Ainsworth. Mr. Stonier cultivated and improved this place until he sold, and took up his present resi- dence, which is located on the Hostetter road, in the Eagle District, about three and one-half miles north- east of San Jose. His original purchase was eighty acres; but a few years ago he sold forty acres, retain- ing the same amount, upon which his house is located. This land is very productive, and shows the care ex- ercised in its cultivation. Ten acres are devoted to the production of fruit, containing one thousand and two hundred apricots and prunes, with also a few trees of other fruits such as are raised in that section of the country. One and a half acres are in corn, which grows luxuriantly without irrigation ; the bal- ance of his land is devoted to hay, grain, and stock. In 1862 Mr. Stonier married Miss Matilda Tomhn- son, of Santa Clara County, daughter of Mrs. Meadow- craft, who lived in San Jose. Of their twelve children, eleven are living, viz.: Emma, who married Augustus Fisher, now living in Los Angeles; Alfred, who mar- ried Miss Rella K. Haynes, now living near San Miguel, Monterey County ; Clara, James, Joseph, Sydney H., Tillie, Edith, Bert, Milton, and Stanley are living on the old homestead with their parents. Mr. Stonier is a self-made man, who started in life almost without the rudiments of an education. Years of time and his wages were spent in educating him- self, until he was a well-informed man. He takes a great interest in the school of his district. He was Superintendent of the Berryessa Methodist Episcopal Sunday-school from 1875 until 1884. He is a consist- ent member of the Methodist Church, and a decided Prohibitionist. He is now a candidate on the Prohibi- tion ticket for the office of Supervisor. His daily life is such as to gain the respect and esteem of the com- munity in which he resides. ->Hg<^^-<-<- i^ENRY SCOTT, of the Jefferson District, owns tiQ& and resides upon a tract of sixteen acres on & upon a Scott's Lane, north of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and about one mile northwest of Santa Clara's business center. This land is devoted to the cultivation of hay and the raising of stock. Among the stock, mention must be made of two high-bred stallions, from trotting stock. One of these is called "Designer," sired by the well-known horse "Director;" the other. Sultan S., sired by the famous horse Sultan, that a few years ago was sold for $15,000. These horses are now (1888) but three years old. The in- terest displayed by Mr. Scott in the improvement of stock will eventually be of great value to the industry of stock-raising in the county. The subject of this sketch was born on the Isle of Feio, Denmark, March 4, 1845. His parents, Ras- mus and Karen (Hansen) Peterson, were natives of Denmark, where his mother died, the father becoming a resident of San Francisco in 1874. After her death Mr. Scott lived upon a farm until, when fourteen years old, he entered upon a seafaring life. He spent eleven years on the sea, holding various positions on the different vessels in which he sailed, and serving :F ' '^^'f- -CnJ,h.^a^ H4g=>gH«- pHARLES PARKER. Among the rich and pro- ductive farm properties in the Jefferson School District, that owned by Mr. Parker is worthy of mention. He has fifty-four acres, under a high state of cultivation, fifteen acres of which are produc- ing onion seed; twelve acres are devoted to berry culti- vation, producing strawberries of the Longworth and Sharpless varieties. The remainder of this land, ex- cept eight acres planted with onions, is devoted to hay, grain, and stock-raising. One fine artesian well, flowing three inches over a seven-inch pipe, furnishes all water needed for irrigation and stock purposes. Mr. Parker's farm is located in the district above named, on Wilcox Lane, one-half mile north of the Kifer road, and about three miles northwest of Santa Clara. The subject of this sketch was born in Jack- son County, Missouri, March 20, 1845. His father, William Parker, was a native of Kentucky, and his mother, Sarah H. (Wilson) Parker, was a native of Maryland. They were married in Kentucky, and in 1838 moved to Missouri, where his father engaged in farming and stock-raising, to which calling Mr. Parker was reared until he was eighteen years of age, receiv- ing at the same time such an education as the com- mon schools afforded. In 1863 he left home and started West, and for the next four years was engaged as a teamster for the different freighting companies between Kansas City and Santa Fe, New Mexico. In 1867 he returned to Missouri and located in Jack- son County, where he rented a farm, and followed the occupation of a farmer until 1871. In this latter year he came to Santa Clara County, and located on the Kifer road, on the place now owned by W. H. Ireland, and about a mile southeast of his present residence, where he remained until 1877, when he purchased the farm before described. Mr. Parker is an energetic and progressive citizen, and one who is respected and esteemed by the com- munity in which he resides. He is a liberal and con- servative Democrat, and is identified with the best elements of his party. He is a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows. In January, 1870, he married Miss Elsie T. Mason, daughter of James C. and Mary (Staples) Mason, residents of Jackson County, Missouri. She died February i, 1871. Mr. Parker's second marriage was to Miss J. J. Hudson, a resident of Santa Clara County, whom he wedded in November, 1876. She is the daughter of William D. and Mary A. (Haun) Hudson. There is one child, Ethel H., born by the second marriage. iEORGE P. BULL resides on a fine tract of land > west of the San Jose and Milpitas road, on the west bank of the Coyote Creek. This tract comprises 177 acres, located in the Orchard Dis- trict, about three miles north of San Jose. His land is all under a high state of cultivation and very pro- ductive. Twenty acres are planted with strawberries of the Sharpless variety, seven acres with raspberries, and three acres with blackberries. Forty acres are devoted to the production of various kinds of vegeta- bles, and the remainder of the farm, with the excep- tion of a small orchard, is used for raising grain and . ay, and for pasturing stock. It is Mr. Bull's inten- 236 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." tion in the immediate future to devote lOO acres to the culture of small fruits. One fine artesian well furnishes plenty of water for all purposes. This splendid farm shows the care and attention which Mr. Bull gives to it, and ranks among the best in the district. The subject of this sketch enjoys the honor of being a native Californian, dating his birth in this county, August 24, 1853. His parents were Dr. George H. Bull and Mrs. Liberata (Ceseila) (Fisher) Bull. His father was born in Troy, New York, and was the son of Judge Archibald Bull, of New York- His mother is a native of Mexico, and of Spanish descent. She came to this State in 1844, with her husband, Capt. William Fisher, who died not many years afterwards. Mr. Bull's father came to Califor- nia in 1850, and established himself in the practice of medicine in San Francisco, and later in Santa Clara County. In 1852 he married Mrs. Fisher, and at his death, which occurred in 1854, he left to the care of his widow their only child, the subject of our sketch. In 1856 his mother married Caesar Piatti, a native of Italy, and a pioneer of California, to which State he came in 1849. Mr. Bull's educational advantages were of the best. After completing the course of study in the Santa Clara College, he became proficient in civil engineer- ing and surveying, a profession which he followed until 1874, at which time he entered the employ of Daniel Murphy, as foreman of his extensive farm and stock ranches near Gilroy (now owned by Daniel M. Murphy and Mrs. Morgan Hill). After being thus engaged for about a year, he married, June 20, 1875., Miss Elizabeth A. Murphy, the daughter of James and Ann (Martin) Murphy, whose history appears in this volume. He then engaged in farming and stock-raising on lands near Gilroy,. and on his father-in-law's home property in San Jose Township. In this work he remained about two years, and then went into the grocery business in San Jose for three years. Re- turning to agriculture, he again took charge, with his brother-in-law, D. J. Murphy, of the lands last men- tioned, and over which he had before exercised a partial supervision. He was thus employed until, in 1884, he establised his family upon the property where they now live, which was- his wife's portion of her deceased father's estate. Mr. and Mrs. Bull have three children, viz.: George L., born July 19, 1876; James R., born June 29, 1878, and Anita B., born August 5, 1883. Mr. Bull is Dem- ocratic in his politics, but liberal in his views on all political questions. He is greatly interested in, and always ready with time and ftieans to advance, the prosperity and welfare of his section. MIAMES THOMAS COURTNEY dates his birth E^ m Salem, Massachusetts, November 11, 1835. ^ Flis father, James E. Courtney, was a native of Meath County, Ireland. His mother, Catharine (To- bin) Courtney, was born in Quebec, Canada East. Until the age of seventeen years Mr. Courtney at- tended school. In 1840 the family moved to Cayuga County, New York, where James T. resided until he came to California, in 1859. In 1852 he engaged himself as a locomotive fireman on the railroad from Auburn to Syracuse, New York. After two years of this work he was employed on the Erie Canal, and by his industry and attention to business became the owner and captain of a canal-boat before he was twenty-one years of age. He continued this occupa- tion until 1857, when he entered the railroad employ and learned the trade of engineer, at which he worked until 1859. In that year he came by the Isthmus route to California and located in Tehama County, engaging in farm work and teaming, after which he went to Butte County, where he was an engineer in a lumber mill until 1862. He then made a trip to Oregon, and for some months was prospecting for gold on the Powder River. Not meeting with the desired success, he returned to California, and located in Santa Clara County. For the next seven years Mr. Courtney was engaged in various occupations. He worked at farm labor, and was also an engineer in Moody's Mills. In 1866 he was the proprietor of the St. George Hotel, and in 1887 occupied the same position in the United States Hotel. In 1868 he was one of the builders of the first steam laundry erected in San Jose. In 1869 he entered into business as a well-borer, an occupation which he has successfully and profitably conducted since that date. In 1870 Mr. Courtney was united in marriage to Miss Annie Coughlin, a native of Ireland. From this marriage there are three children, viz. : James E., John H., and Mary C, all of whom are living with their parents, and now (1888) attending school. Mr. Court- ney is an industrious and practical mechanic, and by his attention to business and square dealing has se- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 237 cured a fair share of this world's goods. He is the owner of a comfortable home on the corner of Thir- teenth and St. John Streets, in San Jose, and a fine farm of two hundred and sixty-eight acres near Mountain View, in this county. In 1885 he purchased a section of land (six hundred and forty acres) in Fresno County, which he still owns. Politically, he is a consistent Republican. ^ 5ENJAMIN T. BUBB (deceased) was born in Washington County, Mo., February 15, 1838, son of William and Mary Ann Bubb. Benjamin was reared on a farm and when twelve years of age came with his parents to California. March 12, 1850, the family started across the plains from Missouri with an ox team, also bringing with them a number of cattle, some of which were brought safely through and some were lost on the way. The family consisted of William Bubb, his wife, and eight children. They went into the mining district at Fremont on the Sac- ramento River, arriving there on the twenty-fifth of August, 1850, where they kept a boarding-house. In March, 185 1, they moved to Downieville, Sierra County, where they carried on the same business. In October of that year they came to Santa Clara County, and after stopping a few' days in Santa Clara, proceeded to Fremont Township, where William Budd bought a farm of eighty acres, and resided there until his death, June 11, 1864. He was born May 14, 1788. His wife died October 21, 1879. There are six chil- dren living: John Budd, residing in the Lincoln School District, this county; Mrs. Sarah Brimhall, of Los Angeles, California; Mrs. Rebecca Bailey, resid- ing near Santa Clara; Mrs. McCubbin, living near Alviso; Mrs. Olive Shore, of this township; and Mrs. Mary A. McDonald, of San Jose. Benjamin T. Bubb attended the public schools of this district, in his boy- hood days, besides doing farm work. He was a man well posted upon different subjects, was a great reader, and had a faculty of retaining what he had read. After the death of his father he remained on the home place for a short time with his mother, who afterward made her home with him until her death. In 1864 Mr. Bubb located on his ranch of one hun- dred and sixty-eight acres, where he lived until his death, February 25, 1888. He was united in marriage June 28, 1 87 1, with Sarah J. Smith, by whom he had seven children, viz.: Charles R., born June 3, 1872; William F., February 8, 1874; Alice G., January 21, 1876; George R., October 30, 1877; Benjamin C, March 30, 1881; Ernest M., January 7, 1883; John, January 6, 1887. Mrs. Bubb was born in Washington County, Missouri, and came to California about the eighth of October, 1870. Mr. Bubb was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of Mountain View, having connected himself with that organization seventeen years ago, and was an Elder in the church at the time of his death. His parents were Baptists and reared their children in that faitn, but there being no church of that denomination here at that time he joined the Presbyterians. About four years before his death he became a member of the A. O. U. W. of Mountain View. Mr. Bubb was a Democrat and took quite an active part in the pojitical matters of the township, many times acting as judge of the polls during the elections. He was a man of enterprise and public spirit, and took an active interest in the advancement of his count}'. His death caused universal regret throughout the community in which he had lived. In his family he was kind and affectionate; as a member of the church he was faithful, active, and liberal. He had none of that littleness which sets up individual opinion as the standard for all the world, but walked himself with God, content that other men should enjoy the same liberty he himself possessed. ^HARLES PARR, born in England, May 5, ^p 1827, crossed the Atlantic in 1842, together with father, mother, three brothers, and four sisters; also in company with Jonathan Parr, an uncle, and family; also William Booth, who was his mother's brother, and family. All landed safely in New Or- leans. When moving up the Mississippi River, the youngest brother died suddenly, and was buried on an island. Soon after arriving at the city of St. Louis, Missouri, death deprived him of his mother. The following spring the three families moved to Lee County, Iowa, and there engaged in farming until 1846, in which year he and the three families started to cross the plains to the Pacific Coast. All went on reasonably well till they reached North Platte River, where, after camping, their cattle stampeded. They got them back, after a little trouble, but they contin- ued stampeding as long as they had strength to do so. One night, on South Platte, they stampeded 238 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." three times, and the company lost as many as one hundred and twenty-five. Their caravan at that time consisted of forty-one wagons. In the course of two days they got back twenty-five cattle, but in getting them back they lost one man, Trimble, leaving a wife and seven children. This man Trimble was killed by the Pawnee Indians. A partner of his, named Har- ris, was captured and stripped of his clothing, ready to receive his death-blow, when he was rescued by some of the party ! The loss of the cattle weakened the caravan, so much so that one family, named Scott, went back to Missouri; but the widow Trimble went through to Oregon. Their cattle stampeded again at Chimney Rock, in the middle of the day, when they were hitched up to the wagons. It was a scene never to be forgotten. When the party reached Fort Bridger, the Graves family, with three wagons, concluded to go to Califor- nia; and as there was no party in the rear going that way, they undertook to overtake Reed's party, after- ward the Donner party. The latter were eighteen days ahead, and were going through by Easton's cut- off and Salt Lake, being the third party to take that route. On reaching Fort Laramie, the party moving westward were notified by the Sioux Indians that they could not be permitted to travel through their territory unless some substantial compensation was forthcoming, which they received, and the party were then allowed to proceed. When Sweetwater was reached, the company suddenly found themselves sur- rounded by a force of some seven hundred redskins, who were on the war-path against the Snake Indians. They therefore hastily collected their wagons and pre- pared for action. For a time the prospect was gloomy. The Indians were bold and rough, in many instances pushing their way through to the wagons, thus fright- ening the women and children. The chief of the tribe, Smoky, was notified of this, and he rode in among them, commanding them to disperse, which they did, and the emigrants were permitted to proceed. Mr. Parr thinks that had it not been for the timely interference of the chief, a bloody tragedy would have followed. The Parrs continued their way toward Oregon by the old route, by the way of Fort Hall. When they got to that point they lay by a day or two, to rest their cattle. There news came that there was a new cut-off to Oregon known as Applegate's. The caravan con- cluded to take it, thus leaving the old California trail about forty miles west of Fort Hall. When they got to Goose Creek, where they were to take the cut-off, they were surprised to see coming into their camp two companies which had taken Easton's cut-off, and which were over twenty-one days ahead. Mr. Easton came in, and told them not to take Applegate's cut- off, or they would be overtaken by winter, and they would never reach Oregon. He advised them to go to California, and they accepted the suggestion. The party had eagerly looked forward to their arrival at Johnson's, on Bear River, where they supposed they would find a store and get supplies, but this was not the case. They had been an entire week without anything to eat except a few acorns and a little poor meat. They applied for flour (which was there made by grinding wheat in a little hand-mill), but he had none. The next thing to flour was what he called bran, and of this they purchased some. They ex- changed two head of cattle for a fat steer, which they slaughtered and made a pudding of suet and bran. When it came to eating, the suet part was all right, but the bran could not be swallowed, and the pudding was voted a failure. The meat had to be eaten Cali- fornia fashion, which made all hands sick. Two or three days later they went down to Captain Sutter's Fort, and there got flour, faring very well for a few days. In this journey, with all its hardships, perhaps the saddest day was that on which the news came, early in the morning, that Trimble was killed, and the cattle not recovered ! Leaving the American River, they made their way to Livermore, Contra Costa County, where our subject left his family and came to the town of Santa Clara, where he was joined in the spring of 1847 by his rela- tives, all save his father, who died at Livermore from the effect of a broken leg, which had been unskiUfully treated. While he was cutting down a tree, it fell upon him, breaking one of his legs in two places. He was buried at Livermore, in December, 1846. Job Parr was married in England to Miss Elizabeth Booth, a native of Staffordshire, and their seven chil- dren were: Charles, the subject of this sketch; John, who went to Australia, married there, and returned to California, where he died, leaving one living child, Fannie, who is married and lives near Sonora ; Eliza- beth, widow of John Dixon, who lives in Santa Clara ; Edna, wife of John Bohlman, living at New Almaden ; Simpson, deceased ; Diana, married and lives in the Sandwich Islands; Prudence, who removed from Cal- ifornia to the Sandwich Islands ; and Job, deceased. Charles Parr was a young man when the party started across the plains on this memorable trip. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 239 While at Livermore his father sold two yoke of oxen and a wagon to Mr. Forbes, who was remodeling some old adobe houses which were included in the property of the Jesuit College at Santa Clara, and as that gentleman had no white men to manage the oxen, he asked Mr. Parr to send one of his boys along, and so Charles was chosen. About three months after coming to Santa Clara, he went home on a visit to the family, and while there his father's death occurred, Charles holding him in his arms when he passed away. He afterward returned to Santa Clara, and was first employed by James Alex- ander Forbes, for Dennis Marten. While working in the redwoods, in the spring of 1847, he went to Bear River and witnessed the remains of the Donner party. Here he joined the party that went up the American River to procure lumber to construct the famous Sutter's Mill. At the end of three months he pro- ceeded to San Francisco, and afterward back to Santa Clara. In 1848 he was employed in the New Almaden quicksilver mines. In the latter part of that year he made a journey to the Mokelumne River, and Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties, where he en- gaged in mining, an occupation he continued at inter- vals for the two succeeding years, and finally returned to this county. Here, in Santa Clara, he bpened a public house, in partnership With Dr. Warburton, for one year. He then built a similar establishment, which he conducted for six months, when he engaged in blacksmithing. In 1854 he engaged in stock- raising on the Coast Range, which he abandoned the next year on account of ill health. He then resided in Santa Clara till the fall of 1862, when he moved to his present farm of one thousand two hundred acres. In April, 1854, he married T. Gracia. They have ten children : Joseph E., Prudence, Teresa, Simpson N., Charles, Belle, Stephen A., Agnes, Eugene, and Mary. CHARLES A. PHELPS resides on the corner ^ of the Santa Clara and Kifer roads, in the Jef- ferson School District, one mile north of the northern limit of Santa Clara, at which point he is the owner of fifty acres of productive land. With the exception of a small orchard, this land is devoted to the production of hay and grain, and to the dairy business. Fifteen acres are producing alfalfa, yield- ing four or five crops each year, giving an aggregate of from five to seven tons per acre. Among his stock is a dairy of fifteen cows, a portion of which are of full-blood Jersey stock. He has also some full-blood English shire horses, among which is his stallion " Sampson." Mr. Phelps takes a great interest in improving the breed of cattle and horses in the county, and in his twenty years of farming has done his share toward that end. Two flowing artesian wells furnish all the water needed for irrigation, stock, and domes- tic use. The subject of this sketch was born in Jefferson County, New York, October 17, 1858. He is the son of Charles A. and Cynthia (Hamilton) Phelps. His father was a native of England and was formerly in the English army, serving in Canada. In 1840 his father went to Michigan, and after a two years' stay removed to Steube'n County, Indiana, where he en- gaged in farming until his death, which occurred in 1851. Mr. Phelps was reared as a farmer, receiving such education as the common schools afforded. The death of his father occurring when he was but thirteen years of age, placed the greater part of the care and attention of the farm upon him, and he was early taught by experience many of those practical ideas which have been so useful to him in after life. In 1859 he came by steamer route to California, arriving in San Francisco in November of that year. For the next two years he was engaged at farm labor in different counties of the State. In 1862 he visited Washington Territory and Oregon, seeking a desira- ble location. He finally settled about three miles from Hillsborough, Oregon, where he was engaged until 1865' in raising grain. In the latter year he came to Santa Clara County, taking up his residence in Santa Clara upon a block of land which he purchased. For the next four years Mr. Phelps was engaged in vari- ous enterprises, the chief of which was pressing and baling hay. For one year he rented the farm of Mr. Coffin, on the Coffin road north of Santa Clara, and afterward rented 300 acres of land from Moses Davis, near Santa Clara, which he cultivated until 1883. He then purchased fifty acres of this tract, upon which he resided until 1887. In that year he sold the fifty- acre tract and took up his residence before described. Mr. Phelps is a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F., and is also a member of the Odd F"el- lows Beneficiary Association. Politically, he is a strong Republican, and takes an interest in the polit- ical questions of the country. He is liberal and pub- lic-spirited; ready to aid in all that tends to the ad- vancement of his section and county. In 1869 he married Miss Mary Wilcox, whose parents died in 240 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." her infancy, from cholera, at Sacramento. From this marriage there are five children living, named Leonora I., Hattie W., Frank D., Ollie A., and Ruby. ^^^r- — O} iOOLSEY J. SHAW was born in Montgomery County, New York, October 17, 1809. His ■^jff father, John Shaw, was a native of New Jersey, Y and his mother, Joan (Woolsey) Shaw, of New York. His father Was a blacksmith, to which calling Mr. Shaw was reared, and he also, in his young man- hood, had considerable experience in farm labor. His education was limited to the common schools of that date. At the age of twenty-two years he went to Lake County, Ohio, and worked for his uncle in the manufacture of axes and farming implements. He continued this occupation until 1832, when he re- turned home and accompanied his father and family to Perry, Lake County, Ohio, at which place, in con- nection with his father, he established a blacksmith shop. In 1^35 he married Miss Phebe Ann Bartrom, the daughter of Levi Bartrom, of Lake County, Ohio. In 1844 he retired from his blacksmithing, pur- chased a farm, and commenced his career as a farmer. After two years of farm life he engaged in boating on the Ohio Canal, and freighting on Lake Erie. In 1846 he removed to a farm on the Fox River, near Chicago. He erected a blacksmith shop upon his farm, and for the next four years was engaged as a farmer and blacksmith. In May, 1850, he started overland for California. His trip across the plains was devoid of particular incidents until he reached the "sink of the Flumboldt," where he lost his horses, and was compelled to walk for over three hun- dred miles to his destination. Arriving in Placer- ville. El Dorado County, July 4, 1850, he entered into mining, an occupation which he followed at this point and on the north fork of the Feather River until the next year. He then returned East by the Panama route and remained with his family until 1852. In the spring of that year he started across the plains accompanied by his family, arriving in Cal- ifornia that fall. In the spring of 1853 he came to Santa Clara County and located in the Berryessa District, on the Penetcncia Creek, taking up one hun- dred and sixty acres of government land. Fie com- menced ils cultivation and improvement, and also followed the occupation of blacksmith at this place. Other claimants sprang up and contested his claims, but after a long course of litigation he secrred his title. In 1858 he purchased the Alum Rock Ranch, containing 736 acres. The famous Alum Rock Springs were upon this ranch. In 1865 Mr. Shaw built a hotel at the Springs, which is still standing. While owning this land Mr. Shaw was largely en- gaged in stock-raising and the dairy business. He also owned three hundred acres of land on Kings River, Tulare County, which he stocked with cattle. In 1874 he closed up most of his business in Santa Clara County, and moved to Fresno County, where he was extensively engaged as a stock-raiser until 1 88 1, when he returned to Santa Clara County and took up his residence upon forty acres of his old homestead, in the Berryessa School District, where he has since lived. This land is in orchard, and is in a high state of cultivation, showing great care on the part of Mr. Shaw. Among the trees of this orchard are one thousand five hundred Silver and French prunes, nine hundred peaches, five hundred apricots, one hundred and fifty plums, and a variety of nearly all the fruits grown in this county. The land is. so situated that it can be irrigated from the Penetencia Creek during the rainy season. Mr. Shaw is now (1888) in his eightieth year, and, despite his long and laborious life, is hale and hearty. His mental facul- ties are unimpaired, and his memory is stored with a rich fund of reminiscences of early life in California. He has been a member of the Methodist Church for nearly sixty years, and has all his life been a strong advocate of schools and churches. In politics he has been a strong Republican, but at present is a Prohibi- tionist. Of the seven children born to them, six are living, namely: Adelia, wife of George Frizier, of Los Angeles; Henry H., who married Miss Lizzie Valpey and lives in Alameda County; Matilda, wife of Henry H. Wing, of Oakland; Henrietta, wife of J. Mauls- bary, of Fresno County; Levi, who married Mi.ss Nathan and lives in San Benito County ; and Laverne, wife of Henry White, of Napa County. (^HARLES R. SEELY was born in Cattaraugus ^ County, New York, in 1830. Flis parents, Nor- &Y man B. and Lydia (Crook) Seely, were natives of New York. In 1835 his father moved to Whiteside County, Illinois, and in 1840 removed to Jones County, Iowa, where he pursued the occupation of a farmer. He was also the owner of a lumber ,-:'f^'^- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 241 mill. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and reared as a farmer. When nineteen years of age he rented a farm and entered into business on his own account as a farmer and stock-raiser. In 1849 Mr. Scely was united in mar- riage with Miss Salena Southern, the daughter of John and Elizabeth Southern, natives of Virginia, but residents of Tipton, Cedar County, Iowa. In 1853 he came by the Isthmus route to California. Upon his arrival in San Francisco he proceeded im- mediately to El Dorado County, and in connection with his father purchased a hay farm. After one year he sold out his interest in this farm, and en- gaged in the occupation of freighting supplies from Sacramento to the mines. In May, 1855, he returned to his home in Iowa, where he remained until 1857. In this latter year he came overland to California, bringing his family with him, and located in Solano County, where he purchased two hundred and forty acres of land. For the next ten years he resided there, devoting his land to the production of grain and to raising stock. In 1867 he returned to the old homestead in Iowa, upon which he made extensive improvements, with the design of spending the re- mainder of his days there, but the delights of Cali- fornia climate and the varied productions of its soil induced him to change his mind. In 1869 he again crossed the plains with his family, located in Solano County, and purchased six hundred and forty acres of land. His title to this land proved worthless, and after two years' residence there he removed to Stan- islaus County, and purchased one thousand four hun- dred and sixty-one acres of land, most of which he devoted to grain. He resided upon this land until 1 88 1. Desiring a change of climate and an easier mode of life, in the latter year he removed to Santa Clara County, and located in San Jose. In 1886 he purchased a fine orchard property and home on Bascom Avenue, about one mile south of Santa Clara. There are forty-eight and one-half acres in this tract, all of which is in orchard except that por- tion occupied by his beautiful residence, extensive grounds, and out-buildings. Among the latter is a fruit-dryer, with a capacity of three tons per day. His orchard is one of the finest in that section of the county, and Mr. Seely is an enthusiast in his new occupation. He has sixteen acres each of apricots and French prunes. His orchard is also producing peaches, pears, plums, cherries, walnuts, almonds, and figs. Mr. Seely has niade a success in his farming oper- 31 ations, and has secured a competency. The same intelligent and energetic principles applied to his calling as an orchardist, coupled with his sound busi- ness views, are bound to produce like results. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Church. Politically a strong Republican, he is still liberal and conservative in all political actions. Of the thirteen children from the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Seely, but eight are living, viz.: Martin B., Mary Belle, Hattie, George B., Gertrude, Charles R., Alice, and LiUie. Martin B. married Miss Emma Mahoney. Mary Belle married Augustus Stewart. Hattie married Frank Coats. George B. married ■Miss Margaret Turner. All the above are residing in Stanislaus County. Gertrude married Charles Blaisdell, now deceased. Mrs. Blaisdell and the other children reside with their parents. ffiENRY HULME WARBURTON, M. D., one iS^ of the early pioneers of Santa Clara, was born in Staffordshire, England, May 23, 1819. He is a son of John Warburton, M. D., under whose tui- tion he prepared himself for the practice of medicine. He received his literary education at an endowed school at Giggleswick, Yorkshire, England. At the age of twenty-two he entered the London Hospital Medi- calTnstitute, where he took a full course of lectures, after which he practiced with his father until June, .1844, when he came to America, arriving at New York city July 9 following. He remained in New York practicing medicine until the autumn of 1845, when he went to New London, Connecticut, and there embarked as surgeon in the whaling vessel Corea, under Capt. Benjamin Hemstead. He cruised on the northwest coast of North America, the coast of 'New Zealand, and also visited the Sandwich Isl- ands a number of times. At San Francisco, in 1847, he resigned his commission as surgeon of the vessel, and after visiting various gold diggings he located, in 1848, at Santa Clara, at that time, a small Catholic mission. The Doctor is widely known as a skillful physician, and, with the exception of several months spent in visiting friends and relatives in England in 1870, he has never left his field of practice, which ex- tends over a large portion of California and parts of Oregon and Washington Territory. In 1855 he was married to Mrs. Catherine Fennel, nee Long, a daughter of Peter and Hilah Long. 242 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." There were born to them seven children, two of which died in infancy. Those living are: Caroline Astoria, Ellen Ann, John Garrett, Charles Pennington, and Henry Luke. They also raised one adopted daugh- ter, Sarah Isabella, wife of R. C. Blackman, of San Francisco. The Doctor and his family are all members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is an Odd Fel- low, being one of the original members of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, of Santa Clara. fICHAEL SULLIVAN. One of the stanch, sturdy, honorable old settlers of California and "^y this valley is the gentleman whose name heads this article. Born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1831, his father emigrated to Canada ten years later. They removed shortly afterward to Missouri, tilling a farm which the elder Mr. Sullivan had taken up, to which occupation young Michael was trained. When he was thirteen years of age (1844) he set out with the family of Martin Murphy, Sr., for California, con- tinuing with his family until he reached the age of twenty-three, and settling with them in the Santa Clara Valley. In 1854 he purchased one hundred and ninety-seven acres of land on the north side of the Alum Rock road, about a mile and a half east of San Jose, and took up his residence. On No- vember 13, 1855, he was married to Miss Margaret Welsh, daughter of Robert and Johanna (Welsh) Welsh, who were natives of Kilkenny County, Ire- land, where she was born. It will thus be seen that Mr. Sullivan was in this county while it was still under Mexican domination, and though at the time but a youth of sixteen years he gallantly took up arms and helped to wrest this fair land from Mexican supremacy and place it under the stars and stripes. He was a member of the San Jose contingent that joined the little force commanded by Capt. Ward Marston, numbering in all about one hundred men. They met, and after a series of some pretty severe engagements with the Mexican forces under Colonel Sanchez, the latter surrendered unconditionally. It will thus be seen that he has led an active and adven- turous life, meeting the hardships and discourage- ments incident to a pioneer's life, and reaping the re- ward of his arduous labors. At present Mr. Sullivan owns about one hundred and fifteen acres of his orig- inal tract, and upon it is raising hay and grain with considerable profit. When first taken up this land was wild and unculti- vated, and its state of high cultivation shows the care and attention bestowed upon it by Mr. Sullivan. He is a man of great force of character and natural abil- ity; for, although in his early life deprived of nearly all the advantages of schooling, by his unaided efforts he has acquired a goodly share of the education one gets from an active life, and has achieved a success in life due to sound common sense, native wit, and good judgment. He is a Democrat in politics and a con- sistent member of the Catholic Church, being sincere in all his principles. He is the father of the following-named children: Nellie, married to John Shehan, and now residing on a portion of the old homestead; Robert P., who mar- ried Miss Susie Barber, and lives in San Jose; Mary Kate, married James Shehan, and is living on the homestead; Edward J., at home with his parents, as are also Richard, John, and Vincent. M^AMUEL R. JOHNSON. Among the beautiful ^ and productive orchards in the Hamilton District, ,^^ San Jose Township, that owned by Mr. Johnson is worthy of special mention. This orchard is located on Moorpark Avenue, or Gruwell road, about three miles southwest of the business center of San Jose. It is fifty-one acres in extent, all under a high state of cultivation, and devoted to orchard purposes, which is classed as follows: Nineteen acres of apricots, twelve acres of French prunes, eight acres of apples, four acres of egg plums, five acres of cherries, one and one-half acres of pears, and three-fourths of an acre in almonds. There are also a few vines of choice table grapes, and a select family orchard containing nearly all varieties of fruit grown in the county. Mr. Johnson is also the owner of a magnificent tract of 360 acres in extent in the Meridian School District, on the Doyle road, three and one-half miles southwest of his orchard property. Sixty acres of this land are planted with vines, producing wine grapes of the Zinfandel, Grenache, and Charbano varieties; also three acres of table grapes of the Black Hamburg and Muscat varie- ties. There is an extensive orchard upon this place, comprising seventy-five acres of French prunes and twenty acres of cherries. The rest of the land is de- voted to hay and grain. The subject of this sketch was born in Parke County, Indiana, November i, 1830. His father, BIOGRArHIGAL SKETCHES. 243 Isaac Johnson, was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother, Mary (McKinley) Johnson, was born in In- diana. His early life was spent on a farm, and his education confined to the common schools. He con- tinued his farm labor until 1853, when he came over- land to California, and located in Solano County. He rented land in that county, and for two years en- gaged in raising grain. In 1855 he returned East and located in Sydney, Fremont County, Iowa, where he was engaged in a general merchandise business until 1857. He then moved to Cass County, Nebraska, where he continued his mercantile pursuits until 1866. In that year he located at Council Bluffs, Iowa, and was engaged in the wholesale grocery business for eight years. In 1874 he moved to Omaha, Nebraska, and there conducted an extensive wholesale grocery business until 18^5, when he sold out and retired from mercantile pursuits. For thirty years Mr. Johnson was actively engaged in mercantile life, during which time, by his energy and sound business principles, he accumulated a competency. He was identified and associated with many public enterprises, investing his capital therein, among which was the cable road system in Omaha. He is now (1888) the President of the Omaha Cable Tramway Company. Mr. Johnson has visited California many times during his business life, and fully appreciates its advantages in climate, soil, etc. In 1886 he purchased his orchard property on Moorpark Avenne, and in 1887 purchased 360 acres on the Doyle road. His business interests are such in Omaha that as yet he has been unable to reside permanently in this county, though his family and himself spend a large portion of each year at his resi- dence on Moorpark Avenue. It is his intention in the near future to take up his permanent residence in Santa Clara County. In 1856 Mr. Johnson married Miss Martha Spratlen, the daughter of James and Sarah H. (Lynch) Spratlen, natives of Virginia, but now residents of Fremont County, Iowa. Mrs. Johnson died in 1870, leaving four children, viz.: Franklin B., who married Miss Marian Reed ; Hattie L., who married Ed. B. Will- iams; William, and Nettie; all the above reside in Omaha. In 1873 he married Miss Fannie M. Berger, daughter of Enos and Elizabeth Berger, natives of Virginia, now residents of Santa Clara County. From this marriage there are two sons, Samuel Edgar and Ralph Raymond, who are residing with their parents. ;^ AMES F. HULL. California has made a wonder- >§/ ful progress, and people are fond of attributing it '^ all to its genial climate and its fertile soil. They are wrong in giving these all the credit. California, with all her unparalleled natural resources, lay a desert until settled up with men of bone and sinew and brains, who comprise the vast majority of its American settlers. This was notable in the early days, and is not less so now. The energy, the money, and the business capacity of the men still coming in are help- ing mightily in the upbuilding of the State. It is for this reason that we are glad to read the life history of the men of California, as they are full of interest and instruction. Mr. James F. Hull is the owner of ten acres of land as choice as any in the valley, situated on the White road in the Pala School District, about three and a half miles east of the business center of San Jose. He has set it all out in orchard, planting 500 apricots, 500 French prunes and about 50 other trees of the different sorts that prosper in this valley, to afford a variety. There is a plentiful supply of water, which is reached in wells at the depth of ninety- eight feet, but irrigation is not necessary, vegetables and small fruits coming to the choicest perfection without. Mr. Hull was born in Mineral, West Virginia, De- cember 29, 1 844, being the son of William and Jemima (Tucker) Hull, both natives of Virginia. His father was a farmer, and to the same calling the son was brought up, but at the same time learning the carpen- tering and blacksmithing trades. In 1868 he married Miss Elmira V. Parsons, the daughter of Job and Sarah (Larch) Parsons, who were residents of his section of the State. He then started on his own account and for two years or more worked his father- in-law's farm. In 1871 he removed to Newton County, Indiana, where he lented a farm an'd car- ried it on four years, until, December 15, 1874, he started for California. Fresno was the point chosen for a location, and here he became a farmer and stock- raiser, at the same time engaging as a builder of houses and bridges, and also starting a shop for black- smithing and carriage work. Mr. Hull followed these employments, meeting with a very satisfactory and deserved success, until, in March, 1888, he sold out at a fair profit and came to Santa Clara County. Here he purchased the beautiful spot where he now resides, and immediately began- its improvement. He has built himself an elegant and commodious cottage of two stories, and is in a position to make life comforta- He has five children living: Albertie, Emma, blp. 244 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Josephine, Laura, Helen, and James Truman, all of whom live at home, and such of them as are old enough attend school. Mr. Hull is a gentlemen of broad edu- cation and of good attainment; a Democrat in politics, but at the same time both liberal and conservative in sentiment, taking a living interest in all questions of the day. In Fresno County he was a School Trustee, and was closely identified with the best interests of that section. He has transferred his allegiance to this valley, and is enthusiastic over its prospects, being emphatically what is considered the best kind of an immigrant. --"^#^#^-^-^" glOEL S. WHITEHURST was born in Lexing- @/ ton, Mis.souri, August 4, 1844, being a son of W William M. Whitehurst and Sarah (Shipp) White- hurst, who were both natives of Princess Ann County, Virginia, where they were married in 1829. Their union was blessed with six children, who are: Thomas W., a teacher by profession for the past twenty-five years, and a resident of Saratoga, this countj^; Albert L., a lumber dealer, residing in Gilroy; William H., living in Hickman County, Kentucky; Edwin B., the proprietor of a hotel at Pierce's Mills, Santa Cruz County; Plenrietta, the only daughter, died at the age of four years, in St. Louis, Missouri. Joel S. White- hurst was married in 1S69 to Miss Fannie Logan, daughter of Alexander Logan and Sarah (nee Easly) Logan. They are the parents of six children, whose names are: Edith, George, Susie, Estelle, Sadie, and Joel A. Mr. Whitehurst's father was an early pioneer of St. Louis, Missouri, where he manufactured car- riages and plows, as he did both in Virginia and Lexington, being the first manufacturer of plows in the latter place. In 1849 he and two of his sons came to California, where he worked in the mines on the Feather River near Oroville, with varied success. In 1852 he re- turned to Lexington, where he remained until 1863, when he again came to this State and made his home with his sons Joel S. and A. L. until his death, which occurred on March 10, 1887, in the eighty-second year of his age. Mr. Whitehurst's mother died when he was an infant. He came to California in 1867, go- ing first to Lexington and then to Gilroy, where he had charge of a mill. In 1878 he came to the Wil- lows and bought eight and one-fourth acres of land, paying $350 an acre not including the improvements. His place is planted mostly to French and silver prunes, the latter known as a seedling of the Califor- nia's Golden Drop variety. He has about 1,400 of these trees, they being an experiment with him, Mr. Plummer, of Oregon, having introduced them here. The firm of King, Moose & Co., of San Fran- cisco, paid two and one-half cents a pound for the fruit in 1887, while the French prunes brought only from one and a half to two cents a pound. A whole- sale grocer from Chicago was greatly interested in these prunes and anxious to handle them extensively. Those sold here in 1887 were dried and bleached and then sold at the drier for fifteen cents a pound to a Chicago fruit dealer. Mr. Whitehurst has about six hundred French prunes. All his trees are twelve feet apart, making nearly three hundred trees to the acre. This thick growth of trees would not succeed on any land less fertile than that at the Willows. He has not as yet fertilized his land in any way. .jj?jl(^HOMAS H. DONNELY. Among the well- known and popular liverymen of San Jose is the subject of this sketch, a brief resume of whose life is herewith given. Mr. Donncly was born in Oxford Township, Canada West, July 27, 1859. His father, James Donnely, was a native of Ireland, and his mother, Ann (Patterson) Donnely, was born in Canada. He was reared upon his father's farm until the age of thirteen years. At this early age he com- menced life upon his own account, working at farm labor in the summer seasons and attending school in the winter months. He continued this occupation until 1879, in which year he came to California and made his home in Santa Clara County. His first work in this county was at farm labor for W. A. Z. Edwards, near San Jose. He remained with Mr. Ed- wards nearly two years, and then worked for Isaac Dixon in the Mount Hamilton District, until 1883. In the latter year he returned to San Jose, and, in partnership with George Whitney, established himself in the livery business at No. 174 We.st Santa Clara Street. This business, under the able management of Mr. Donnely and his partner, has been successful and profitable, and their establishment ranks as one of the best appointed and patronized stables in San Jose. By his first marriage Mr. Donnely had a son, Howard A. byname. In 1885 he married Miss Har- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 245 riet Farnsworth, for his second wife. She is the daughter of Oliver and Harriet (Hostetter) Farns- worth, who are residents and pioneers of Santa Clara County. One child, Louise, has been born by this marriage; she died, and was buried December 24, 1887. Mr. Donnely is one of the energetic and en- terprising business men and respected citizens of San Jose, taking an interest in all that concerns the pros- perity and growth of the city. In politics he is a conservative Republican. -^^&-- pLFRED DENNING resides near the corner of the Almaden road and Orchard Street, at the southern limits of San Jose, at which point he has a blacksmith and carriage-repairing shop. He is located in a section of the county that makes his work a desirable acquisition, and b?ing a thorough mechanic and master of his calling, he is well sup- ported by the community in which he resides. In addition to his repairing of wagons and agricultural implements, he also manufactures such wagons as are required by orchardists, and others engaged in like callings. The subject of this sketch was born in Stockton, California, January 29, 1857. His parents, John H. and Rachel J. (Crumes) Denning, were na- tives of Indiana, who came to California in 1856. His father located in Stockton, where he was engaged in farming and stock-raising until his death, which oc- curred in 1866. After the death of his father his mother married Matthew Sweetland (since deceased) of Stockton. Mrs. Sweetland is now (1888) living in Loudan City, Fayette County, Illinois. Mr. Denning was engaged at school until twelve years of age, when he became an' apprentice to Joseph Reeley, a black- smith in Jenny Lind Township, Calaveras County. He worked at this calling about four years, then for several years was engaged in various occupations, among which was farming, sheep-shearing, and black- smithing. During this time he lived in different counties until 1885, when he located in Monterey County. In this latter year Mr. Denning was united in marriage with Miss Agnes E. Antoine, daughter of Joseph and Jennie (Wyllie) Antoine, residents of Castroville, Monterey County. Her father was a na- tive of Portugal, her mother a native of Scotland, of Scotch descent. He resided in Monterey County un- til March, 1888, when he came to Santa Clara County, and established the shop before mentioned. Mr. Denning is a thorough mechanic and master of his profession, straightforward in his dealings, and reli- able. He takes an intelligent interest in the affairs of the day; is a Democrat, but conservative and liberal in his views. ^-^^§^#^-^-^- (YLVANUS S. PAUL resides at Berryessa, where until recently he owned a fine thirty-acre orchard. This land he kept in a state of high cultivation, and among the trees, which are six years old, are twelve hundred apricots, nine hundred French prunes, four hundred peaches, three hundred cherries, fifty pears, also a few trees each of nearly all the varieties of fruit raised in that section. It is worthy of men- tion, as showing the productions of the land in this dis- trict, that in 1887 the yield from the apricots in this orchard was over $150 per acre. The subject of this sketch was born in Monroe County, New York, March 4, 1828. His parents were Zebulon and Melinda (Sperry) Paul. His father was a native of Massachusetts and his mother of Connec- ticut. In early life he was reared as a farmer, his education being limited to the common schools of that date. In 1847, when but nineteen years of age, he started in life for himself and located in Walworth County, Wisconsin, upon the land which his father had purchased and given to him. There for years he followed the general occupation of a farmer, meeting with the success that his well-directed industry en- titled him to. In 1853, while on a visit to Ohio, he married Miss Sophia Gibson, the daughter of Prof John Gibson and Sarah (Cushman) Gibson, natives of Massachusetts. Professor Gibson was a promi- nent musician and composer. The result of this mar- riage was two children. Mrs. Paul died April 14, i860. In 1862 Mr. Paul married Miss Elizabeth Green, daughter of John Green, a native of New York, in which State she was born. In 1881 Mr. Paul rented his farm and visited California. He was so well pleased with climate, soil, etc., that upon his return to Wis- consin he sold out most of his interests there, and in 1883 returned to Santa Clara County and located at his present place of residence. Although he has been but a few years in the county, he has identified him- self with the community in which he resides. He is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, also a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity. Politically, he is a strong Republican. From Mr. Paul's first marriage 24() PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." there is living Dephonzo G., who married Miss Eva Tenny, of Wisconsin. They are nowr residing at Livermore, California. No children were born from his second marriage. vJaSgsL dkiiENRY y L. SCHEMMEL, emporium of music, 3=*=' pianos, and musical merchandise, wholesale and retail, Nos. 72 to 78 East Santa Clara Street, San Jose, is the agent for Santa Clara County and adjoining counties south, for the Steinway, Steck, Gabler and Vose pianos. He also deals in sheet- music, and all the special makes of brass and stringed instruments. Born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1848, he went through the various preparatory schools; he attended the gymnasium and the university. During all these years he had devoted considerable time to the study and practice of music. His tastes, indeed, led him to adopt music as a profession, but in this he was op- posed by his father, who wished him to pursue a business career. About this time, complication arose relative to his entering upon his term of usually re- quired military service. Not satisfied with the out- look, and being favorably disposed to the political ideas dominating our American government, he de- cided to come to the United States. Arriving in New York in 1870, he proceeded at once across the continent to San Francisco, where he devoted himself to a musical career, meeting with a satisfactory degree of success. The climate not agreeing with him at the bay, he removed to San Jose, where he taught music for fourteen years. In 1885 Mr. Schemmel opened the musical establishment now owned and conducted by him, investing carefully at first and to but a limited extent, but after feeling the pulse of the trade he extended his operations, enlarging the store he then occupied, adding the store adjoining for his pianos, extending in the rear for what is now his manufacturing, repair, and polishing rooms. In busi- ness he has been very successful, having been united with valuable piano agencies since opening, the con- fidence developed by so many years of teaching music and contact with people of musical taste contributing largely to this result. Mr. Schemmel was married in 1875 to Miss Mathilde Pfister, daughter of A. Pfistcr, one of our earliest pioneer merchants and most re- spected citizens. They have three children, Louisa, Adolph, and Frank. Mr. Schemmel is a man naturally independent in his political ideas and affiliations. &OHN A. WETMORE, one of those who is making <§)" noteworthy improvements in Santa Clara County, ^ is a native of Brownville, Jefferson County, New York, born September 19, 1834. He was reared there, and at the age of twenty started out in life for him- self. In 1855 he located at Portland, Dodge County, Wisconsin, and engaged in farming. In 1884 he went into Ashland County for the purpose of prospecting in the Gogebic mining region. He was for some time interested in the Ashland mine, and still has interests in the celebrated " Germania," and also property in Dane County, Wisconsin. In 1887 he came out to Santa Clara County. His wife was formerly Sarah M. Hayes, a native of Waterloo, Jefferson County, Wisconsin. Mr. Wetmore has a ranch of no acres, near Eden Vale Station, on the Southern Pacific Rail- road. Of this, sixty-three acres are valley, and the remainder foot-hill and table land. That in the foot-hills is used for pasture, while, of the remain- der, twenty -five acres will be devoted to fruit. Al- ready he has planted 1,500 trees, as follows: Six varieties of apricots, nine of cherries, six of prunes, eight of pears, ten of peaches, nineteen of apples, seven of plums, two of figs, four of almonds, three of quinces, two of nectarines, three of pecans, five of table grapes, four of currants, besides English wal- nuts, English mulberries, and pomegranates. There are also 700 strawberry plants, 150 blackberries, and a small number of gooseberries. Mr. Wetmore has completed, in 1888, the erection of some of the most beautiful building improvements on the Monterey road. The residence is in Queen Anne style, and is forly-lwo by sixty-two feet in ground area, exclusive of verandas. There is a basement of six feet in height, and from this the studding rises twenty-six feet, while it is forty-eight feet to the highest point. The materials used in the construction are Oregon pine, California redwood, and Spanish cedar. A con- spicuous feature is the large and handsome vestibule, from which rises the elegantly finished main stairway of Spanish cedar. The grates and mantels are ele- gantly designed and carved. The architect was J. K. Ericson, and he and B. Osen were the builders. The barn and tank-house, in one building, is also a hand- some structure. The cost of these improvements was BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 247 about $1 1,000. Mr. Wetmore, the proprietor, is a veteran of the War of the Rebellion, and is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. .Ji§tARTIN ANDREW LASETTE, who is in (^0?^ charge of the carpenter work of the great Stan- ^^ ford University buildings, is a native of West- I Chester County, New York, born on the i6th of November, 1846, his parents being Michael Henry and Honour Lasette. His father was a builder in early life, but afterward gave up that occupation and became a farmer. The subject of this sketch was reared to the age of ten years in Westchester County, when he removed into the city of New York, and there learned the trade of carpenter. He resided in the metropolis until 1865, when he went to New Or- leans and engaged in business as a master builder, and so continued for two years and a half. He then returned to New York city, where he was engaged in the same business until 1873, in which year he removed to California, and located at San Francisco, eventually embarking in business there as a contractor and builder. August 27, 1887, he assumed the position of foreman of carpenter work on the University buildings. For this position his long career as a master builder makes him a valuable man. About thirty men are employed in his department of the work, but the force will be increased as the buildings progress. Mr. Lasette is a member of a San Fran- cisco Lodge of the A. O. U. W. »ILLIAM E. SPENCER, of Fremont Township, is a native of Philadelphia, born June 27, 1842, his parents being Edmund and Ellen (Munson) Spencer. William E. was reared to the age of fifteen years in his native city, attending the primary school, corner of Thirteenth and Race Streets, and at Reed Street and Schuylkill Schools. At the age of fifteen he left Philadelphia and went to Iowa, locating at Cedar Falls, in Blackhawk County. In 1861 he crossed the plains to Virginia City, Nevada, and fol- lowed teaming in that vicinity until 1864, when he came to California. He managed the Inego ranch for six years. He then bought a place in the Cala- veras Hills. Here he remained for a year and a half, then sold out and went to the city, where he was en- gaged for nearly three years as a carpenter. He then came to Santa Clara County, where he continued in the building trade. He bought thirty-five and three-fourths acres in 1886, where he now resides, on the San Francisco and San Jose road, between May- field and Mountain View, and at once commenced its improvement, so that it now gives promise of be- coming one of the most handsome places in this beautiful neighborhood. He has planted about twelve acres in fruit, one-half of that amount having been planted in 1887, and the remainder in 1888. The trees are principally Silver and French prunes, with some peaches, apricots, nuts, etc. All the improve- ments, and there are many, have been made since the present proprietor came into possession. He had, previously, however, improved a place near Santa Clara. Mr. Spencer was married in this county, to Miss Ella Connell, a native of Massachusetts. They were the parents of six children, of whom one, Josephine is deceased. Those living are: William, Agnes, Benjamin, Herbert, and Edward. Politically, Mr. Spencer is independent, forming his judgment after principles are enunciated and candidates placed in nomination for official position. f|R. BENJAMIN CORY, whose residence is No. 435 South Second Street, and whose office is at No. 97 South First Street, San Jose, is a living witness of the wonderful transformation which California and the Santa Clara Valley, and indeed the whole Pacific Coast, has undergone since 1847. In that year, antedating even the Argonauts, he crossed the plains with the regulation ox team, and arrived in Portland, Oregon, in September, when the nucleus of that city consisted of a half-dozen houses. Not fancying the outlook, he took passage on the brig Henry for San Francisco, where he arrived in November, 1847. He there found that two physicians, Drs. Townsend and Fourgeaud, had already estab- lished themselves, and felt that the field was pretty fully occupied. Learning of the Pueblo de San Jose de Guadaloupe, he took passage on a small sail-boat which plied between San Francisco and Alviso, a trip at that time of twenty-four hours. There he found 248 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." no houses, but met a young supercargo who had a lot of hides to be shipped to San Francisco by the sail- boat on which Dr. Cory had arrived. Through the interpretation of this young man, a Mexican was in- duced to carry the Doctor's books and baggage on his ox-cart and to hire him his horse for the ride to San Jose, to which point he and the young supercargo came. There being no physician at this town, and in fact no physician having located here up to that time, the subject of our sketch settled down and engaged in the practice of medicine, in which he has continued up to this time. In the years 1848-9 Dr. Cory made two trips to the niincs, remaining a few months each time. He was elected a member of the first State Legislature, which convened at San Jose, and which organized the ma- chinery of the State government. The district from which he was elected extended from M onterey to Martinez. In 1850 he was elected a member of the Common Council, holding that position from 185 1 to 1855. He was elected a member of the Board of Education, which place he held for four years. In 1872 he was appointed by Governor Booth, Trustee of the State Normal School, which place he held for ten years. Dr. Cory vi'as born in Oxford, Ohio, November 17, 1822. He attended the common schools of Oxford up to the age of fifteen years. He then entered the Miami University, graduating there in the classical course at the age of twenty years, receiving, in 1842, the degree of Master of Arts. He commenced the study of medicine under his father. Dr. James M. Cory, of Oxford, Ohio, attending later the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, where he graduated in the spring of 1845. He practiced medicine for two years with his father, and then emigrated west to the Pacific Coast. He was married in 185-3 to Miss Sarah A. Braly, a native of Missouri, who crossed the plains in 1847 with her parents, Rev. John E. and Susanna (Hyde) Braly. Dr. and Mrs. Cory have eight living children: John B., now engaged in fruit-raising at Vacaville and at Lodi, California; Elizabeth, the wife of Dr. H. C. Ledyard, now residing in Constantinople; Mary, the wife of Dr. F. K. Ledyard, of San Jose; Louis L., now practicing law in Fresno, California; Susanna, Hattie, Edith, and Sallie. Dr. Cory is a member of Howard Royal Arch Chapter, No. 14, and Blue Lodge, No. 10, F. and A. M. He has always been a consistent Republican, having voted and worked for the election of Fremont in 1856. His family is of Scotch descent. There js no need to mention here, where Dr. Cory is so well known in his private and professional capacities, the great esteem in which he is held by people of every degree. The book of his life has been an open one, admired and esteemed by all who glance through its pages. igAMBERT DORNBERGER, of Mayfield, was a <3^ resident of Mayfield when this valley was but T sparsely populated, and improvements on a large scale had not been thought of He is a native of Alsace, born near Strasburg, April 3, 1828, his parents being George and Catherine (Wanzel) Dornberger His father, who was a farmer, died when Lambert was but five years old. His mother died June 18, 1869, aged nearly seventy-three years. Lambert Dornberger was reared in Alsace to rural life. At the age of thirteen he commenced the shoemaker's trade, but gave it up after an experience of two and a half years. He engaged in dairying and was at the head of a dairy of one hundred cows. He excelled in the business, and received from the Government for finest dairying a silver medal and five hundred francs. He left the home of his youth June 9, 1850, went to Havre, and took passage on the sail-ship Marado, bound for New York, at which port he ar- rived after a voyage of forty days. He went at once to West Point, where he remained two and a half years. On the fourth of November, 1852, he took passage on the steamer Georgia, New York to Aspinwall, thence overland to Panama, and from there to San Francisco, where he arrived December 6. He had acquired the Panama fever en route, and remained in the city sick therefrom for some time. Early in 1854 he came to Santa. Clara County, and bought a squat- ter's right to a piece of land near Mayfield. In 1857 he gave up this right, owing to litigation, and bought a squatter's claim to government land in the mount- ains along the line between Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties. He set about improving the place, and was soon engaged in his old business of dairying- In 1862 he began to devote more attention to general farming, and this, with stock-raising, was his occupa- tion until November, 1869, when he removed to May- field, having bought land where he now resides ; and all the handsome improvements about the place have been made since that time; In this plage there are ^^ ^^'^'^blH.BJL^U^ms.TIi''' _£^^:^^^ niOGRAf'JflGAL SKETCHES. 249 some forty-eight acres, but his extensive mountain ranch contains one thousand two hundred acres. Mr. Dornberger was married in San Francisco, September lo, 1861, to Miss Anna Kleinclaus, a na- tive of Alsace, and daughter of Michel and Mary (Remer) Kleinclaus. They have seven children, viz.: Eugene, who is on the mountain ranch ; Gustave, Al- bert, Victor, Julia, George, and Edward. Mr. Dorn- berger is politically a Democrat. KS^-pg)- BICNJAMIN FRANKLIN IlEADEN, the son of Joseph and Mary Hcaden, was born in Virginia, November 24, 18 13. His parents moved to Kentucky, where most of his youth was passed, in Shelby County, that State. The village in which they lived, Ilcadcnville, was named in honor of his father, Joseph I leaden, who was a man greatly re- spected for his integrity and piety. A chapel which he built in the village also bears the name of Headen Chapel. Deciding to educate himself for the medical profession, Dr. Headen took a course in the Worth- ington Medical College, Ohio, at which he was gradu- ated with high honors, in May, 1837. He went to' Indiana, opened an office, and commenced the prac- tice of his profession the same year. In January of the following year he married, and continued his practice of medicine in Indiana until 1852, when he came with his family across the plains to California, arriving in the Santa Clara Valley in October. He bought a tract of sixty-one acres just outside the town of Santa Clara, and at once began to improve it, by erecting a house for his family. The rainy season came on, and the building materials being very scarce and hard to procure, many difficulties were experi- enced in accomplishing this task. This done, the Doctor next turned his attention to clearing off the land and preparing it for cultivation. It was in a state of nature, untouched by the hand of man, and covered with a forest of mustard so high that in hunting for his cattle the Doctor had to stand on the back of one ox to enable him to find the others! But despite the obstacles, the work of improving pro- gressed. Flower seeds, many of which were car- ried across the plains in the Doctor's pockets, were planted, young trees were brought from the mount- ains in little sacks of earth and set out, and soon " the wilderness began to blossom as tlic rose," under the deft hand and good taste of Dr. Headen. The 32 land was rapidly brought under cultivation, fir.st to the cereals, then largely to strawberries and other small fruits, and later to orchard and vineyard, of the choicest varieties of fruits. In March, 1853, Dr. Headen was elected one of the Trustees of the University of the Pacific, then a young and struggling institution. It soon became the idol of his heart, and he devoted much of his time and labor to it for about twenty years, in that official capacity. Many of these years he was Secre- tary -of the Board, and during the time of the erec- tion of the main college building he was Treasurer. From the time he settled in this valley. Dr. Headen was a faithful and consistent member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, of which he was Steward and Trustee. He passed from this life to the reward be- yond, on the twenty-eighth of August, 1875, and his remains were buried according to the ceremonial of the Masonic Order, of which he was a member. He left the widow, a son, and three daughters, to mourn their sore bereavement. Since the Doctor's decease, Mrs. Headen has occupied the splendid homestead, one of the most beautiful in the valley, and now within the town limits, and has successfully managed the or- chard and vineyard, realizing a fine income therefrom. More than one first prize has been won by the prod- uct of her trees and vines. The vineyard consists of the choicest varieties of table grapes — Muscats, To- kays, and others. Three years ago Mrs. Headen sold the crop of grapes on a little over six acres, on the vines, for $2,500. As high as ten tons to the acre have been produced; and from a single plum tree of the Washington variety she gathered one year nine hundred pounds of fruit! DWAft.D N. PARR is a native of Santa Clara County and a descendant of one of California's earliest pioneers. He was born on the Laurel Wood Farm, near Santa Clara, March 27, 1852, being the son of Jonathan and Eliza (Lowe) Parr, natives of England, who emigrated to the United States and settled in Lee County, Iowa. In 1846 his parents came across the plains to California, and lo- cated in Santa Clara County, taking up their residence at the place of his birth. In 1856 his father pur- chased a large tract of land on the Los Gatos Creek, about six miles south of Santa Clara, in Redwood Township, and there resided until his death, which oc- 250 PEN PICTURES FROM IHE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." curred September ii, 1867. Mr. Parr's mother died August 6, 1866. His youth and early manhood were spent on his father's farm, where he became inured to the toil and life of a stockman as well as a farmer. For his education he was dependent upon the dis- trict schools. His father dying when he was less than sixteen years of age, threw additional care upon himself and brothers, which prevented the consum- mation of such educational designs as had been con- templated. After the death of his father he received his portion of the landed estate, amounting to four hundred and forty-four acres. September ri, 1872, Mr. Parr married Miss Vir- ginia Johnson, who was born in San Jose, January 9, 1853. She was the daughter of Archibald and Mary (Little) Johnson, who were natives of Virginia, and among the California pioneers of '49, locating in Santa Clara County in 1852. From the date of Mr. Parr's taking possession of his portion of the estate of his father, until 1887, he was engaged in conduct- ing his extensive farm operations and stock-raising. During this time his lands had given him an abun- dant yield and increased in value. In the latter year he sold three hundred and fifteen acres, retaining one hundred and twenty-five acres of the northern por- tion of the old homestead, after which he purchased fifteen acres of land on the Santa Clara and Santa Cruz road, about five miles south of Santa Clara, and connecting by private roadway with his farm lands. This he has planted in orchard, principally with French prunes and apricots, but has also a full variety of fruit for family use. He has erected at this place a substantial and well-ordered residence of modern architectural design, which presents an attractive ap- pearance. Mr. Parr is well known throughout his section of the county. He is an intelligent, energetic, and pub- lic-spirited citizen, one who gains and holds the re- spect of the community in which he resides. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Church, South. He is associated with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, being a member of Los Gatos Lodge, No. 76. He is also a member of Ridgely Lodge, No. 294, I. O. O. F, of Los Gatos. In politics Mr. Parr is Democratic, but is conservative in his views. He has served as School Trustee in the Cambrian School Dis- trict for six years. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Parr there are four children, viz. : Edward Lester, born August 25, 1873; Edna Lulu, December 25, 1877; Charles Earl, December 5, 1879; and Hazel Virginia, January 9, 1883. ,0N. A. B. HUNTER is one of the old " Forty- =P' niners " on the Pacific Coast, and has resided in Santa Clara County since 185 1, except a few months spent in the mines on Feather River, Butte County, in the summer of 1852. Mr. Hunter is a Virginian by nativity, born in Augusta County, in 1826, When a small child, his parents removed to Missouri, where he grew to manhood, with such educational advantages as that then frontier States afforded. Mr. Hunter was among the first to cross the plains after the discovery of gold in California, in search of the coveted yellow dust. On arriving he at once went into the mines on Feather River, and there spent the rest of 1849 and'a part of 1850. In the fall of the latter year he went to what is now the American Valley, and, being one of the first to set- tle there, he started a stock ranch, naming it the American Ranch, a title which was afterward given to the valley. In company with several others, Mr. Hunter opened a hotel and general supply and pro- vision store, known as a "trading post." Owing to a severe illness, from which he was not expected fully to recover, Mr. Hunter sold his interest in the business in the fall of 185 1, being carried and hauled out of the valley, expecting to go to the Sandwich Islands for his health. He came to Santa Clara County to visit some of his friends before his departure, and while here recovered so rapidly that he abandoned the projected trip and remained in this valley. So well has this climate of the Pacific agreed with him that he has never had a day's sickness since. After regaining his health, Mr. Hunter spent the summer of 1852 in the mines, as before stated, then returned to Santa Clara County, and, in partnership with another gentleman, engaged in the live-stock business. Their custom was to go out on the plains and buy stock which was thin in flesh, bring it into the valley and fatten it up, and then sell it in the San Francisco market. In 1855 Mr. Hunter purchased a farm, which he still owns, near where Lawrence Station now is, married, and settled down to farm life. Here he resided till 1883, when he removed with his family to San Jose. During the latter years of his residence on the farm, Mr. Hunter paid considerable attention to the culture of strawberries, having ten or twelve acres, the average product being $300 per acre, and the cost of cultivation and harvesting about half that sum. In 1882 Mr. Hunter was elected to the State Leg- islature on the Democratic ticket, and filled the office two terms. In the spring of 1888 he was elected a BIOORAPHICAL SKETCHES. 251 member of the City Council, in the Second Ward, and is still serving in that body. He retired from active business when he left the farm. Mrs. Hunter's maiden name was Rutlcdge. She was born in Vir- ginia, but came to California when quite young. Her parents are residents of Santa Clara County. Mr. and Mrs. Hunter have had five children, two sons and two daughters living. One son was accidentally killed by falling lumber in a yard in San Jose in i88l. j^EV. CLEMENT E. BABB, D. D. In the Il- lustrated Pacific St-aies of May 5, 1888, there appeared an article from the pen of one of our most gifted writers, one who has delighted thou- sands by her beautiful word pictures, both in verse and prose, of California scenes and of subjects weight- ier and not less interesting. The article is headed " Laurel Ranch," and it describes the pleasant, leafy home, and gives the life history, of one of Santa Clara County's most honored citizens, Dr. Clement E. Babb. The writer of this history only regrets th it he cannot incorporate the account entire, and shall make no apology for borrowing wherever possible the thought, and even the very words, of that brilliantly written page. " Laurel Ranch " is the typical home of retired comfort and of cultured ease, yet not the retirement of idleness, but rather the change from one active em- ployment to another, that leads one closer to nature in her gentler and more charming moods. The ranch is a compact body of 235 acres of land, covering some of the low foot-hills that fringe the base of Mount Hamilton, and by its succession of hill and vale it affords innumerable pleasant prospects and de- lightful sheltered nooks. In one of these, a tiny, nest- like valley, rests a flower-surrounded cottage, almost completely engirdled with orchard and vineyard hill- slopes, and having a knoll of considerable height cov- ered with a growth of forest trees, while the home itself is amid a tropical grove of pepper trees and palms. It is situated at the head of Fleming Avenue, in the Mount Pleasant School District, at an easy drive of five miles from San Jose. Of the ranch, 100 acres are in orchard, of which forty are in apricots, twenty-five in almonds, fifteen in peaches, ten in French prunes, ten in olives, and ten in apples, pears, plums, persimmons, oranges, figs, and walnut trees, be- gide-s two ^gres in t^ble grapes, The rest qf the land is devoted to hay and the pasturage of stock. Of these the Doctor has about twenty-five head, and is devoting himself to the improvement of the grade, especially in horses. Dr. Babb was born in Fittston, Pennsylvania, on August 19, 1821, the son of John P. and Mary (Shriner) Babb, both natives of that State, but of German extraction. The ancestors of the family came over as members of the Penn Company, and from that time were identified with the country of their adoption. Dr. Babb's grandfather was a sol- dier in the Revolutionary War, while his father com- manded a company in the War of 18 12. His father was an architect and builder, a man of energy and ability, a sample of whose substantial work still re- mains in the noted Columbia Railroad bridge, across the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. He also con- structed the dam for the Lynchburg (Virginia) water works. The son graduated at Dickinson Col- lege, Pennsylvania, at nineteen, and at the Dickinson Law School two years later. He practiced law in Hills- dale, Michigan, for three years. Then, determining to leave the bar for the pulpit, he studied theology at the Union Seminary, New York, and also at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati. While yet in the seminary, he was called to preach in the First Pi'esbyterian Church of Indianapolis, in the pulpit just made va- cant by the removal of Henry Ward Beecher to Brooklyn. Here he met with warm appreciation. After his ordination he was elected their pastor, and for five years held that important office. Those who knew him at that time speak of his ministry as char- acterized by remarkable zeal and devotion, a-nd his preaching as eloquent, forcible, and persuasive. But he was of slender habit, and his overtaxed voice gave way so completely that for years he was entirely un- fit for public speaking. He now gave his attention to journalism, and directly became editor of the Chris- tian Herald, of Cincinnati, the principal organ of the Presbyterian Church west of New York. For seven- teen successive years he was elected to the editorship of this paper by the Synods having it in charge, and when, after the union of the Old and New School branches of the Presbyterian Church, the Herald was consolidated with the Presbyter, he continued his work as associate editor of the new paper. Dr. Babb was married, in 1848, to Miss Lydia Hulbert, of Hillsdale, Michigan, and during all these years of editorial service resided in the city of Cin- cinnati or its suburbs, and was active in all its phil- anthropic and rehgious work, During the war he 252 PEN PICTURES FROM IHE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." proved himself a stanch patriot; was chosen Chaplain of the Twenty-second Ohio Volunteers in November, 1861, and was at the capture of Fort Donelson, the battle of Shiloh, and the siege of Corinth. In 1873, owing to failing health, he decided to remove to a friendlier climate, and came to California. Until 1874 he resided in San Jose, but then purchased the "Laurel Ranch," which he is now so wonderfully im- proving. Mrs. Babb is a daughter of Chancey Hulbert, an eminent attorney at law of Northern Ohio, who died in early manhood. They have two children, Frank H. and Helen, both living with their parents. The son is a graduate of Marietta College, Ohio, and not only takes entire charge of the orchard and the stock, but is also active in other spheres of usefulness, being President of the Young Men's Christian Association, of San Jose, and Superintendent of the Sunday- school of the First Presbyterian Church. It should be stated further that Dr. Babb is still an associate editor of the Herald and Presbyter, where, over the now well-known and favorite initials of " C. E. B.," his weekly letters are weekly expected. The Interior, of Chicago, and the Occident, of San Fran- cisco, also make weekly calls upon his facile and forcible pen. After coming to California, Dr. Babb, in a measure, recovered his voice, and has frequently added preaching on Sunday to his vast week-day preaching. He has even occasionally taken pastoral charges for short periods, and always is an original and vivid speaker as well as thinker. His style is chiefly characterized by simplicity, earnestness, pict- uresqueness, and a wonderful freshness and aptness of illustration. He is of slight, nervous figure, with a delicate, refined face, keen blue eyes, abundant gray hair, and the active movement of a young and vigor- ous man. He is extremely cordial in manner, and overflowing with cheerful sociability. Whoever en- ters his cottage door finds welcome, good cheer, whole- some and inspiring thought, and a charming domestic atmosphere. fOHN P. BABB. There is no happier lot in the I world than that of the proprietor of a landed ^ estate, who lives upon his acres and devotes him- self to their cultivation — that is, where tlie soil is fertile and the climate genial, such as is the case in the Santa Clara Valley. That is the reason why everywhere, throughout the length and breadth of the county, "hill-side and hollow, and the verdant plain," all are dotted with the residences of comfort and con- tentment. One of these delightful cottages, which bespeak at once both thrift and culture, is the Hill Crest Orchard, near the head of Fleming Avenue, in the Mount Pleasant School District, amid the roll- ing foot-hills that skirt the base of Mount Hamilton. It is the home of Mr. John P. Babb, who owns sixty acres here, twenty-five of which are orchard land, pro- ducing apricots, French prunes, and almonds, as also a scattering variety of peaches, apples, plums, cher- ries, etc. All are thrifty and vigorous, betokening at once careful attention and a favoring soil and loca- tion. There is also a small vineyard, including Mus- cat, Black Hamburg, F"lame Tokay, Sweetwater, and Malaga grapes, designed chiefly for table use. The remainder of the ranch is devoted to hay and the raising of live stock, water for every purpose being obtained at a depth of forty feet. Mr. Babb was married in 1861 to Miss Nettie Het- field Williams, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio. They have two children, Clement E. and Walter W., both at home with their parents, and members of the Young Men's Christian Association, of San Jose. Mr. Babb was born in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, May 28, 1837, the son of John P. and Mary (Shriner) Babb, and is the brother of Rev. Clement E. Babb, D. D., whose interesting biography precedes this. His father died when he was but four years old; his mother died four years after. At the age of twelve years he removed to Indiana, but four years afterward returned to Pennsylvania. When eighteen years old he be- came a shipping-clerk in a commission house in Cin- cinnati, afterward learning the duties of a printer; shortly he was promoted to the reportorial staff of the Cincinnati Gazette. In i860 he engaged in farm- ing in Jennings County, Indiana, continuing there until 1874, when he came to this county in California and purchased the valuable ranch where he now I'e- sides, which at that time was wholly unimproved. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of San Jose, being one of its Deacons, his whole family being also members in good standing of that church. During the war he was a Sergeant in Company B, 137th Indiana Volunteers, entering the service in 1864. He remained until the close of the struggle, being on detached service in the Commissary Department at Tullahoma, Tennessee, and having charge of the books of that department. After the conclusion of hostili- ties he received an honorable discharge. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 253 It should be further stated that Mrs. Babb's parents were named John M. and Catherine J. (Lane) Will- iams; her father was of a good New Jersey family, and is still living, residing near Wrights, Santa Cruz Mountains. Pier mother, a native of Oliio, died when Mrs. Babb was quite young. HOMAS S. MONTGOMERY, President and <^ Manager of the firm of Montgomery, Rea & &" Co , is one of- the representative business men of San Jose, whose career has been excep- tionally successful. The company of which he is the head was incorporated in November, 1887, to carry on a general real-estate, building, insurance, and loaning and investment business, and is the outgrowth of the real-estate business established ten years previously by Mr. Montgomery in San Jose. After nine years of profitable operations alone, he formed a part- nership with Mr. James Rea, the Vice - President of the company, in 1886; and a year later other gen- tlemen became interested, and articles of incorpora- tion were taken out. The company makes a specialty of building and selling houses on the installment plan. The volume of business transacted is among the largest in the Santa Clara Valley, their sales of real estate alone, in 1887, aggregating $2,000,000. In one day in August, 1887, their sales amounted to nearly $400,000. Besides their real estate and insurance, the company has a large rental and collection business, including the control of many of the prominent blocks of the city. Mr. Montgomery estimates that the value of all classes of real estate in and about San Jose has doubled during the past seven years. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch is a native son of the Santa Clara Valley, born thirty-two years ago. At thirteen years of age he started out in life as a newsboy, and at sixteen became entirely self-dependent. He took a course of business train- ing, graduated at two business colleges, and taught in the San Jose Institute two years. He was then em- ployed as bookkeeper two years, after which he began dealing in real estate. He is a director in the com- pany which erected and owns the Hotel Vendome, incorporated for $250,000, and also one of the organ- izers and a director of the Garden City National Bank. His parents settled in Santa Clara County in 1853, and still reside here. His father is a Virginian by birth, and his mother is a native of Ohio. jAVID UMBARGER, residing on the Monterey road, south of San Jose, has the honor of being one of the " Forty-niners " of California. He is a native of Wythe County, West Virginia, born in October, 1815, his parents being Leonard and Mar- garet (Cooper) Umbarger, both of them residents of Virginia. David was reared in his native county, and resided there until 1838, when he went to Clark County, Illinois. In 1846 he removed to Kentucky. On the second day of April, 1849, he set out for Cali- fornia, and at West Liberty, Missouri, he became one of a party bound for the golden coast. Their jour- ney was a long one, the route adopted taking them by way of San Diego, from which point they went by water to San Francisco, sailing through the Golden Gate on the eleventh of January, 1850. He at once went into the mines of Mariposa County, and after- ward to a camp on Curtis Creek, near Sonora. He spent the winter in San Francisco, and in the spring resumed mining at Auburn. From there he went to Nevada, and thence to the Yubas, and on Feather River. In 1853 he came to Santa Clara County, locating where he now resides, he having bought land at this place in 185 i. He has made every vestige of improvement to be seen here, and has been an eye- witness to the great transformation which has since occurred in this valley. His ranch is an attractive place of 138 acres, devoted to grain and pasture. It is productive land, and is well kept up. Mr. Umbarger is a member of the Christian Church, and is a Democrat in politics. ipEREMIAH B. CHURCH. Among the well- known citizens of Santa Clara County is the sub- ^ ject of this sketch, a few facts in regard to whose life are herewith given. Mr. Church is a native of the Province of Nova Scotia, and dates his birth July 2, 1829. His parents, George and Annie (Brownell) Church, were also natives of Nova Scotia. Until the age of eighteen years he was occupied upon his fa- ther's farm, where he became well versed in the practi- cal labors of farm life. In 1847 he left the farm and learned the trade of blacksmithing, a calling that he followed until 1852. In that year he embarked on the ship Mary Merrill, for a voyage around Cape Horn to California. This long but uneventful voyage ter- minated in September of the same year, when he dis- embarked at San Francisco. Soon after his arrival 254 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." he engaged in mining in Placer County. He was en- gaged in mining for about two months, being com- pelled to abandon the occupation on account of ill health. He then came to Santa Clara County, ar- riving in December, 1852. His first enterprise in the county was in renting a farm two and one-half miles southwest of San Jose, which he cultivated for the next three years. In 1859 he rented the farm of John Townsend, on the Milpitas road, north of San Jose, and there engaged in general farming until 1868. In the latter year he took up his residence in San Jose, where, in partnership with W. O. Barker, he en- gaged in the livery business, they being the proprie- tors of the Grey Eagle Stables. This business was successfully conducted for three years, when his fail- ing health compelled his retirement from the firm. His continued ill health compelled him to abandon all business enterprises until 1874, when he was ap- pointed by the Board of Supervisors as Superintend- ent of the Santa Clara County Infirmary, a position he has held almost continuously since that date. Mr. Church's management of this important institution is worthy of notice. He seems to be "the right man in the right place." His long experience, untiring zeal, and straightforward business management have placed the Infirmary in the ranks of the best conducted pub- lic institutions in the county. The records of the in- stitution are kept in the most systematic manner, for which he is entitled to great credit, as the system was almost entirely inaugurated and perfected by himself In political matters Mr. Church is a strong and con- sistent Republican. He is a member of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F., being Past Grand of the same. He is also a member of the A. O. U. W., and is trustee of the Grand Lodge, which office he has held for the last seven years. In i860 he married Miss Emily Page, the daughter of James and Elizabeth Page, who were residents of Nova Scotia. They have four children living, viz.: George F., Arthur P., Lillian E., and Ethel P. Arthur P. resides at Los Angeles, Lillian E. is a teacher in the public schools in San Benito County, and the others are residing with their parents. ^ ■ '*PRS. MARY A. HAYES. In the lovely valley G^u'^ of Santa Clara, where there are so many feat- i;^^ ures to charm and delight the eye of the lover of the beautiful, it is indeed a difficult task to select the most handsome individual places; but even here there are some which present so many attractions as to be worthy of much more than a passing notice. Some six miles south of San Jose, on the main high- way between that point and Monterey, is one of these notable places. It is the farm residence of Mrs. Mary Playes and her family, and is said by those competent to judge, to have no superior in natural beauty in the State of California. In this tract are 240 acres, and of this, a beautiful natural grove of live-oak trees cover thirty acres. This is the residence plat. Along its front, and bordering the avenue, is a row of stately eucalyptus trees, which adorn the place without intercepting the view from the roadway. When the present owners took possession, in 1887, the grounds were already handsome, but a vast amount of labor, judiciously directed, has since been expended in beautifying them. An evergreen bovver, inclosing flower beds in many designs, occupies a portion of the space between the residence and the road front. The vi'inding walks are also bordered with evergreens and roses. The building improvements, which are to be on an extensive scale, will require some time before the plans of the owners are realized. In 1887 the contract was let for the construction of the stable building, and the same year finished, at a cost of $10,- 000. It is a handsomely designed structure, not ex- celled in the county, and has every appointment for the housing and comfort of fine driving horses. Among its beauties may be mentioned five attractive sleeping-rooms for attendants. The crowning building improvement, however, is to be the palatial residence, which will be commenced and possibly completed in 1888, at a cost of between $50,000 and $75,000. Eastern architects are now engaged on the plans for the building. One eighty-acre tract on the place has been set aside for fruit-growing. Already thirteen acres have been planted to choice varieties, suited to the climate, including apricots, pears, peaches, plums, French and German prunes, almonds, cherries, quinces, apples, and figs. About 500 vines have been set out, — all choice varieties of table grapes. The Southern Pacific Railroad Company has located a station at this point on its line, and has appropriately named it "Eden Vale.'' The owners of this property, although comparatively new-comers to this valley, are public- spirited and take an active interest in the welfare of Santa Clara County. Mrs. Mary Hayes, the head of the family, is the widow of Anson E. Hayes. P"rom published volumes of genealogy of the Hayes and Folsom families, the following facts are mainly obtained : Anson E. Hayes was born at Gr^nby, Connecticut, August 27, 1813, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 255 He came of an old New England family, who were prominent in colonial and revolutionary times, and was a cousin of ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes. He came in early childhood to New York, and resided there until 1842, when he removed to Waterloo, Jef- ferson County, Wisconsin, where he followed agricult- ure until his death. He was twice married : First in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, July 4, 1848, to Helen Jerusha Hopson, daughter of Simeon and Ruth Hop- son. She was born at Scriba, New York, May 16, 1826, and her death occurred July 24, 1852, at Waterloo, Wisconsin. Mr. Hayes was married the second time. May 14, 1854, to Miss Mary Folsom. She is a native of Holland, New York, and a daughter of Rev. Abraham and Miriam (Bean) Folsom. Rev. Abraham Folsom was born in New Hampshire, August 9, 1784, and was a son of Daniel and Mary (Moody) Folsom. He was one of five brothers who became ministers, out of a family of seven. Abra- ham learned the blacksmith's trade, but in 1803 was ordained a Free-will Baptist preacher. In 181 3 he was married, at Gilmanton, New Hampshire, to Miriam Bean, who was born May 5, 1786, and. died at Waterloo, Wisconsin, in January, 1866. From New Hampshire he went to Tunbridgc, Vermont, and from there to New York in 1828. He became pastor at Cuba, in the latter State, officiating in that capacity over one flock for twenty-one years. He is described as a man of singular modesty and simplicity, and was regarded as an eloquent preacher and a very re- markable man. Though called to the office of a teacher and preacher, he did not entirely forsake the business of a mechanic, but showed his ability, when desired, using his tools in manual labor. His children were: Hannah (deceased), Abraham French, Edna (deceased), Stephen, who died in 1878, William A., who resides in Tuscumbia, Missouri; Jeremiah, who resides in Alexander, Dakota; Matilda (deceased), Lucina, who resides at Eden Vale ; Mary (Mrs. Hayes), and Lodema, the wife of Isaac Atwood, who also re- sides at Eden Vale. Mrs. Hayes was but three years of age when her father removed to Cuba, New York, and there she re- mained until she had reached twenty-four, when the family removed to Waterloo, Wisconsin. She had taught school while in New York and resumed the profession for a time in Wisconsin, and in the latter State she finished her schooling at the educational institutions of Waterloo and Columbus. Her chil- dren were three sons, the youngest of whom, Charles Carroll, was born August 24, 1861, and died February 26, 1865. The two surviving sons make their home with their families, at the Eden Vale Farm. The older, Everett Anson, married Nettie L. Porter, a graduate of Wisconsin State University, at Madison, and daughter of Clinton H. (deceased) and Mary (Monroe) Porter, both of whose parents were natives of New York. They have two children: Sibyl Char- ity and an infant boy. Mr. Hayes is a graduate of the Wisconsin State University, both in letters and in law. He practiced law as a profession for six years, a portion of the time in Madison, in the firm of E. A. & J. O. Hayes, and the remainder with Colonel Knight, at Ashland, as a member of the firm of Knight & Hayes. J. Orley Hayes, the younger brother, married Miss Clara I. Lyon, a graduate of Wisconsin State University, and daughter of Judge William P. Lyon, of the Supreme Court of Wiscon- sin. Her mother was Adelaide, 7iee Duncan. Mr. Hayes was educated at Wisconsin State University, and is a graduate of the Law Department. He prac- ticed his profession five years, and then, like his brother, was compelled to make his practice subserv- ient to the management of the great business interests of the family in the Lake Superior Iron Mines. These mines are the celebrated "Germania," at Hur- ley, Wisconsin, and the "Ashland," which is in Mich- igan, though only one mile distant. These two mines employ about 1,000 men in taking out ore. The min- eral extracted is all the best Bessemer ore, and the output at Hurley reaches over 300,000 tons per an- num. One-half of the Ashland mine sold, a short time since, for the highest price ever known in the history of iron mining in this country. E. A. and J. O. Hayes are the principal officers in both com- panies. While they are eminent in their chosen pro- fession, the placing of these great mining interests on their present footing has compelled them to withdraw, for the time, almost entirely from their law practice. S. BRIGGS, master builder on the construction of the buildings for the Leland Stanford, Jr., ^X^ University, is a man who has made his own way in the world, and progressed to positions of re- sponsibility from modest beginnings. He is a native of North Lancashire, England, born March 19, 1833, and was reared there to the age of twenty-three years, learning the stone-mason's and general building trades. He came to America in 1857, and to California in the following year. 256 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." i ;::J|OHN W. BARNEY was born in Coles County, @^ Illinois, June 19, 1849. His parents, David and "^ Catharine (Davis) Barney, came across the plains to California in 1850, and established themselves in the hotel business in the mining districts, at which they continued until 1853, in which year they came to Santa Clara County. Mr. Barney was reared and educated in this county, attending the public schools until 1862. In that year he left school and went to work at farm labor. Although but a lad, he was strong and willing to work, and was able to do the work of a man in the harvest-field. At the age of nineteen years he went into partnership with John Reed in harvesting grain. After one season of this he sold out his interest in the machinery, etc., and engaged himself in teaming and hauling grain to Al- viso. In 1869 he entered into partnership with James A. Hutchinson, and rented two hundred acres of land near Salinas, Monterey County, and for the next three years was engaged in raising grain. He was also quite extensively engaged in teaming, which he continued until 1878. In this latter year he removed to Wash- ington Territory, where he worked at farm labor for about a year. In 1879 he returned to Santa Clara County, and in January of the next year married Mrs. Sarah J. (Layton) Ware, widow of David Ware, of Santa Clara County. In 1880 he located in Wash- ington Territory, Lewis County, intending to make his home there. While there he m>et with an accident which resulted in the loss of his right leg. This com- pelled an abandonment of all prospects of building- up a home in that country, and he returned to Santa Clara County. His disability was such as to render him unable to follow laborious pursuits, and in 1882 he located in Alviso, where he opened a saloon in the Alviso Hotel, a calling he has since pursued. Mr. Barney has, through his misfortune, been compelled to take up a calling that is not congenial to his tastes, but he is conducting it in a straightforward and re- spectable manner. From the marriage of Mr. and Mr.s. Barney, three children have been born, viz.: Charles A., Frank, and Morgan Daniel. From Mrs. Barney's previous marriage there is one child living, Albert D. Ware. ^ ^OHN D. SHAFTER. This well-known and ©^ highly respected resident of Santa Clara County T is a native of Vermont, having been born in Athens, of that State, in 1820. His parents, John L. and Ruth (Dean) Shafter, were both natives of Vermont, living on a farm which they owned at Athens, and where they died and are buried, the mother dying in 1866, aged seventy-eight years; the father in 1868, aged eighty-one years. Mr. Shaffer's paternal grandfather was born in England in 1759, removing to the United States with his parents when quite young. He became a soldier in the War of the Revolution, and later represented his district for many years in the State Legislature. The maternal grand- father was of English descent. Mr. Shafter attended the district schools of his native place and worked on his father's farm until the breaking out of the gold fever in California, when, with others composing a stock company who bought the ship Iie_§'ulus, he came to California by way of Cape Horn. Captain Brad- ford was the ship's commander, and they were 210 days in making the trip, arriving safely in San Fran- cisco October 10, 1849. They had loaded the ship with provisions, with the timbers of a house ready to put up upon its arrival, to be used for mercantile pur- poses, and also with freight for others. On their arrival, however, they abandoned their plan of operat- ing together as a company, and sold their house and provisions. The ship was taken to Benicia and an- chored there, to be used as a home in case any of the owners should have occasion to use it as such, on account of sickness or other cause. Their chests and other effects were stowed in the ship, which was then left in charge of two keepers. These guardians after- ward sold the vessel without authority, appropriated the proceeds, and returned to Massachusetts. Mr. Shafter, with others, went to the mines, working in El Dorado County until the spring of 1852, with the usual average results, when he returned to the old farm in Vermont to take care of his father and mother. Perhaps another motive was mingled with filial duty, as he was married in September of 1852 to Miss Susan Richmond, a native of the same town. There were born to them three children: Frank R., now engaged in fruit-raising in Santa Clara County; Florence R., wife of Charles Bothwell, of San Jose, and Minnie, who died in San Francisco in 1862. Mr. Shafter lived on the Vermont farm from 1852 to 1859, his eldest child being born there; the other two were born at Point Reyes, California. In 1859 Mr. Shafter re- turned with his family to California, and took charge of the celebrated Point Reyes Ranch for its owners. Plere he lived for five years, improving the ranch and developing the dairy industry at that point In 1864 he rented a ranch at Point Reyes, and, buying stock, ^:=^r- /?Z^ J^^^^^^U. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 257 commenced dairying on his own account, being quite successful, until he sold out, in 1869. He then took his family for a visit to the old home in Vermont, his parents having died in the meantime. In the sum- mer of 1870 he returned to California,, coming to the Santa Clara Valley, where he purchased the " Fred Hall Ranch," containing 5,400 acres, in Hall's Valley, at the foot of Mount Hamilton. He engaged in stock-raising on this ranch until 1883, when he sold this property and has since lived in San Jose, his resi- dence being at 442 South Fifth Street. Mr. Shafter has been a Republican since the for- mation of the party, first being a member of the Free- Soil party from its organization. Mrs. Shafter had two half-brothers, who did good service in the late Civil War, one of them now enjoying a pension from the government on account of disability caused by service at Port Hudson, Louisiana. Her grandfather was in the Revolutionary War from Massachusetts. The grandparents of both Mr. and Mrs. Shafter were among the early pioneers of that section of Vermont. gERVEY MORGAN LEONARD, manager and one of the directors of the Bank of Santa Clara "^r County, at Santa Clara, was born in the town of Worthington, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, February 9, 1836. His father, Robert B. Leonard, was a native of Massachusetts, and of English-Welsh extraction, whose ancestors came to America previous to 1650, and settled in the eastern portion of the Massachusetts Colony. They were prominent iron manufacturers, their first forge being erected in 1652. His mother, nee Abigail Sampson, was also a native of Massachusetts and of English ance.stry. She was a lineal descendant of Abram Sampson, who emi- grated to America from England in 1629 or 1630, and who was a brother of Henry Sampson, one of the Pilgrims who came from England in the May- flower. The Sampsons were numbered with the most prominent men of those early times. Mr. Leonard was reared and educated at his native place, where for a time he was employed in his fa- ther's blacksmith shop. Not liking this occupation, young Leonard, at the age of seventeen years, en- gaged in school-teaching at the neighboring town of Chesterfield. Soon afterward, however, he abandoned school-teaching and engaged with a boot and shoe manufacturer as a cutter, in which capacity he con- tinued until his nineteenth year. At this period of his 33 youth he was seized with a spirit of adventure, and thus embarked for the Pacific Coast by way of Nic- aragua, arriving at San Francisco in 1855. He spent two years in gold-mining on Humbug Creek, Siski- you County, and though quite successful at mining he was forced to abandon it on account of rheumatism. He next embarked in farming near Santa Clara, and in 1 86 1 purchased two hundred and eighty acres of the Quito Ranch, which he improved and owned un- til 1875, selling which he became a resident of Santa Clara. During the late war Mr. Leonard took strong grounds on the side of his country, and in 1861 en- listed in the Redwood Cavalry Company stationed at Santa Clara, ever ready to respond to the call of the State of California. Enlisting, he became Or- derly Sergeant; six months later he rose to the rank of Captain, and two years later was promoted to Major of the First Cavalry Regiment California State Militia, commanded by Colonel Taylor. In June, 1875, he with others incorporated the Bank of Santa Clara County, and was made one of its Directors, and was for a short time Chairman of its Finance Committee, when he was chosen as its Man- ager. Previous to his becoming connected with the Bank of Santa Clara County, in 1874, he became as- sociated with the San Jose Savings Bank, which went into hquidation in 1880, when, being its President, he carried, it through the crisis of that year, paying the depositors in full, and returning also to the stockhold- ers a large share of their investment. In 1882, when it became necessary to quiet the titles of the old Mex- ican land grant, the Los Animas Rancho, containing many thousands of acres, — which by its divisions and subdivisions, including the corporation of Gilroy, had become involved in confusion, and his adaptability to unravel the most intricate business problems being recognized by Judge David Belden,— he was by him appointed, with two other gentlemen, commissioner to partition that body of land, which required nearly two years to accomplish, the partitioning of that rancho being the most difficult ever made in the State. With his numerous other business connec- tions he is one of the Directors of the Garden City National Bank of San Jose, he being one of its incor- porators when organized in 1887. He is also Vice- President of the Central Milling Company of San Jose, which has a system of eleven flour mills in the counties of Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, and Monterey, representing over a half million of dollars. Politically, Mr. Leonard is 258 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." a Republican. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County for nine success- ive years, 1872 to 1881, acting as its Chairman a portion of the time. In May, 18 — , Mr. Leonard was married, at Mil- pitas, to Miss Adelaide L. Hart, who died at Santa Clara in 1882, leaving three children: Marion A., a student at the University of the Pacific; Lelia L. and Hervey H., attending the High School at Santa Clara. In September, 1884, Mr. Leonard was united in marriage, at Santa Clara, with Miss Ada May Hollenbeck. He is a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F. In briefly sketching the life and business career of our subject, mention has only been made of a few of the more prominent events of his life. While he has been blessed by Providence in his affairs above the average citizen, it requires but a glance over the years of his business life to discover the secret of his suc- cess. In all his transactions may be seen that fine mental equipoise, keen perception, firmness of pur- pose, and integrity of character which everywhere mark the successful man in every land. ->->->^o^-<-<- M^p R. MILLS, capitalist. Among the capitalists <3^ of San Jose must not be omitted the subject of x this sketch, one of the earliest pioneers of Cali- fornia, for many years actively identified with her mercantile interests, and a resident of San Jose since 1872. Born in Delaware County, New York, May 4, 1823, he received a grammar-school education, re- moving, at the termination of his school days, to New York City, where he engaged in the drug business. In this he continued until 1849, when, attracted by the wondrous tales of fortunes so readily gathered among the foot-hills of the Sierras, he, with a party of young men, formed a company, purchased the schooner Olivia, fifty-seven tons register, making with her the voyage by way of the Straits of Magellan to San Francisco. Their vessel, which was the second small- est ever arriving in San Francisco from such a trip, was laden with an assorted cargo such as they deemed would be best adapted to the needs of the new coun- try. They arrived in San Francisco on July 3, 1849, spending a glorious F"ourth under the shadows of the sand hills of Yerba Buena. Selling out their schooner and cargo, Mr. Mills at once entered the wholesale grocery business, merging that into the wholesale liquor trade in 1852. In 1852, during one of the largest fires of those days, he was burned out, causing a loss of over $40,000. In 1849 he erected a large two-story building on Clark's Point, the lumber costing him $350 per thousand feet. This was the first building erected in San Francisco which had sash doors. In this business he continued, operating heavily and being one of the largest importers, until failing health required him to close up business in 1872, when he removed to San Jose, where he has since resided. Mr. Mills and partners in 1856 oc- cupied, on Sacramento Street, San Francisco, two stores, each thirty feet by one hundred feet, having a basement and two stories above. The basement and two floors above were filled with goods to their ut- most capacity. In that year, when murder and crime seemed to have no restraint at the hands of the law, an outraged community arose and purged itself of its most ag- gressively vicious elements. The Vigilance Commit- tee took possession of the upper floor of the building occupied by Mr. Mills and his associates in business, and virtually placed not only that building but the whole street fronting that block in a state of siege. The committee took possession of the keys of the stores, instituting search at regular intervals to see that no one secreted himself or any material by which the Vigilantes could have been blown up in their " fort " on the floor above. Neither Mr. Mills, his as- sociate, nor employes were allowed ingress or egress without the proper countersign. This was called Fort Gunny. Gunny sacks filled with sand were piled up around the sides of the building, the street was barricaded, neither teams nor pedestrians being al- lowed to pass without authority. All this time Mr. Mills and his associates were more or less favorable to the intentions of the committee, but their business was brought to a stand-still. This continued for more than six months, resulting in a loss to the firm of fully $50,000, for which the firm was promised redress, but never received a dollar! They did not realize it at the time, but they could have made the city of San Francisco pay for these losses. Mr. Mills was the former owner of the ranch on which are situated the present Azule Seltzer Springs. These were originally developed by him under the name of Mills Pacific Seltzer Springs, which were later sold to Mr. John W. Ryland. He is a stock- holder in, and Director of, the First National Bank of San Jose. In the early days of San Francisco Mr. Mills was for about four years member of the State Militia in a company of Light Dragoons. He BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 259 is an original and always a consistent Republican, having been a Whig before the organization of the latter party. His parents were natives of New York State, passing their lives in Delaware County. ^^S- =ARTIN J. TAAFFE, of Fremont Township, is one of the enterprising young men of Santa ^#j' Clara County. He is a native of San Fran- ' I Cisco, and son of William P. and Elizabeth Uva (Murphy) Taaffe. His father was for years a large wholesale merchant, and again carried on business in Santa Clara County. His death occurred in San Francisco. The mother of the subject of this sketch was a daughter of Martin Murphy, Sr., whose portrait adorns this work, and who, as the leader of that noble party of settlers of 1844, did so much toward estab- lishing the authority of the United States over this section, and made for himself and his descendants a name that will always hold a high place of honor in the history of CalifcJrnia. Martin J. Taaffe was but two years of age when his parents removed to Santa Clara County from San Francisco, and he was reared at their residence, the old Martin Murphy homestead, near Mountain View. He was educated at Santa Clara College, and then went to work superintending the extensive farming operations on the old home- stead. Seven months later, in 1887, he came to his present location, on the farm of the Taaffe heirs, con- sisting of 4,400 acres, in which he owns an undivided one-fourth interest. He farms 1,100 acres, and calls this tract Rose Hill Farm. The location of this farm is certainly a desirable one. From it a commanding view may be obtained of a large portion of the Santa Clara Valley, while the bay, Oakland, a part of San Francisco, and a part of several neighboring counties, may be plainly seen. The Adobe Creek runs through the place, and numerous never-failing springs supply an abundance of water for all purposes. The new residence, constructed in 1888, at a cost of over$S,ooo, occupies probably the most beautiful natural building site on the ranch, being on a level, shelf-like spot, well up on the hill-side. There is, however a large spring higher up, from which water for domestic purposes will be obtained, and brought to the house by means of pipes. About 800 acres of the tract is cut for grain, wheat being the principal crop, and a fair average is about twelve sacks to the acre, though as high as twenty-one sacks to the acre have been cut. Barley averages between fifteen and sixteen sacks to the acre. An average of hay is two tons per acre. Mr. Taaffe conducts his farming operations on modern principles, and has an orderly appearing and well- kept ranch. °ICHAEL LYNCH, Superintendent of the grounds and greenhouses at the Timothy Hop- '^f kins place, is a citizen of Santa Clara County, T residing near the line of San Mateo. He was born in County Meath, Ireland, and at the age of six- teen years he began to acquire a practical knowledge of floral gardening. When eighteen he went to En- gland, and for five years was employed in his profession at the Bancroft, Beachley, and Ollerton places, at Liverpool. In 1868 he came to America, and was lo- cated at New York until 1871, when he came to Cali- fornia via Panama, arriving at San Francisco February 22, 1 87 1. Two years later he came to Menlo Park, to take charge of the grounds of Major Rathbone, Con- sul at Paris. After five years there he accepted a similar position with L. L. Robinson, at Antioch. He was there two years and seven months, and was then employed by J. C. Flood to take charge of the laying out and ornamentation of the grounds of his Menlo Park place. These beautiful grounds, which outshine any on the Pacific Coast, and are not sur- passed in beauty in the country, are the results of the taste of Mr. Lynch, who had carie blanche while there engaged, and the place is a monument to his ability in his profession. In September, 1886, his services were obtained by Mr. Hopkins, and he now has charge of the Menlo Park and California Street (San Francisco) places. Mr. Lynch was married in New Jersey on the day he started for the Pacific Coast, to Miss Mary Payton. They have eight children, namely: James, Mary, Joseph, Michael, Jennie, Ed- ward, John, and Rose. pHN WENSTROM was born in Skone, Sweden, in 1835, his parents being Paul Olsen and Bengta (Swanson) Wenstrom, also natives of that place. He was reared to farm life until the age of eighteen years, receiving at the same time such an education as the common schools afforded. In 1853 he entered into a five years' apprenticeship as a blacksmith. Af- ter serving three years his master gave him his papers. He then established a carriage and blacksmith shop 260 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." of his own. In 1857 he married Miss Johanna Nel- son, daughter of Mons and Margaret Nelson, natives of Sweden. Mr. Wenstrom successfully conducted his business until 1869, in which year he emigrated to the United States. Shortly after his arrival in New York he proceeded to Boston, Massachusetts, and after working for a few months at that place he removed to Lawrence, Kansas. After working for abcut two years at his trade, he established a shop in Lawrence and entered into business on his own account. He conducted this shop for one year, and then rented a farm near Lawrence, upon which he took up his resi- dence. He established a blacksmith shop on his farm and engaged in farming and blacksmithing until 1876. In this latter year he came to California and located at Salinas, Monterey County. Afterward he estab- lished a blacksmith shop at Gabilan, where he re- mained till 1878. He was the postmaster at Gabi- lan during his two years' residence there. In the fall of 1878 he removed to San Jose, and after some months working at his trade he entered into partner- ship with Alexander Gutt, in the hotel and saloon business. He also engaged in the same business with his brother. In March, 1882, he removed to Alviso, where he established a blacksmith and carriage re- pair shop. Mr. Wenstrom, since the latter date, has been a resident of Alviso, and by his energetic and Indus- trious habits, and honest dealing, has firmly established himself in business. He is a thorough mechanic, a master of his calling, and well supported by the community in which he resides. In his po- litical views he is Democratic. He has served three years as a School Trustee in his district. Mrs. Wenstrom died in 1875. To them were born nine children, five of whom are living, viz.: Nels Peter, Teckla, Ellnora C, Hilma U., and Jennie M. Teckla married Charles Olsen, and resides near San Jose. The other children are livingf at home. '-, OHN E. FISHER, Secretary of the Santa Clara (3>' Valley Land and Loan Association, at No. 45 ''j^ West Santa Clara Street, San Jose, was born near Woodland, Yolo County, Calilornia, January 17, 1864. He received his primany education in the public schools of Woodland, and later attended the Univer- sity of the Pacific for five years, graduating in 1884. He, with his mother and her family, removed to San Jose in 1875. On November I, 1884, he took charge of the books of Mr. R. L. Higgins, in the real estate and insurance business, and May 25, 1885, he bought an interest in the business. On February 9, 1886, the firm incorporated under the name of the "Santa Clara Valley Land and Loan Association,'' of which Mr. Fisher became the Secretary. He is a member of Palo Alto Parlor, No. 82, N. S. G. W., of San Jose. Mr. Fisher's parents were John H. and Arabella M. (Gladstone) Fisher, both natives of Pennsylvania. His father came to California in 1854, where he en- gaged in agriculture and stock-raising in Yolo County. He died in 1867. There were born to them three daughters and one son: Clara, Hattie, John E., and Eva. Hattie, the wife of Frank D. Lauter- man, of Los Angeles, died March 5, 1888, leaving an infant daughter. She was a graduate of the Univer- sity of the Pacfiic. The subject of this sketch -and his two sisters still occupy the maternal home. Their residence is on University Avenue, University Grounds, near the Alameda. The family still retain their agricultural interests in Yolo. County. e,.-(§C-^-« aiOHN T. GRANT. One of the best orchards in ©A the Berryessa District is the thirty-acre tract ^ owned by Mr. Grant. This orchard is located at Berryessa, on Capital Avenue, about four miles north- east of the business center of San Jose. Twenty acres of this land were planted in 1884, and the rest in 1887. This orchard contains the following trees: 1,000 apricots, 800 peaches, 800 French prunes, 150 plums, and a few trees each of nearly all varieties of fruit grown in that section of the county. His land is admirably located, and can be irrigated by water from the Penetencia Creek. The orchard is under a high state of cultivation, and is destined to be very productive. It is worthy of mention that three-year- old apricot trees in 1887 yielded over $120 per acre. The subject of this sketch was born in Oneida County, New York, December 18, 1851. His parents, John T. and Clementine (Smith) Grant, werfe natives of that State. In 1855 his father removed to Miami County, Kansas, where he purchased land and en- gaged in farming until his death, in 1886. Mr. Grant was reared to the calling of his father, receiving such an education as was afforded by the common schools. He conducted his farming operations upon the old homestead until the death of his mother, which occurred in 1878. In that year he came to California, and after a visit to Santa Clara County went to San BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 261 Joaquin County, and there worked for his brother, George W. Grant, for about two years, or until the fall of 1880. He then returned to Santa Clara County, and engaged in work on the Berryessa road, for Smith & Flickinger, in orchard culture. (Dr. China Smith, the partner of J. H. Flickinger, was his uncle.) In 1883 he purchased the twenty acres of his orchard property, and commenced its improvement. In 1886 he purchased the ten acres adjoining, and took up his residence upon the same. In December of the same year he married Miss Hattie E. Fickett, daughter of Dr. Stillman H. and Elizabeth (Stevenson) Fickett, of Stockton. Mrs. Grant's father is a pioneer of California, a prominent and well-known dentist in Stockton. Mr. Grant is an enterprising and energetic young man, well schooled and versed in orchard culti- vation, and bids fair to become one of the leading orchardists in his section of the county. In politics he is a Republican, and takes a great interest in the future welfare and prosperity of the county. — ^-^^M^-^" fR. JOSEPH UNDERWOOD HALL, one of the leading physicians of San Jose, and since the J^ early '50's a practicing physician in California and Nevada, has his residence on North Third Street, and his office in the Beach Building, corner of East Santa Clara and Second Streets, occupying the same conjointly with Dr. W. S. Thorne, with whom he is associated in the practice of medicine The subject of this sketch was born on December 8, 1822, at Glasgow, Barren County, Kentucky. His grandfather, Judge John Hall, emigrated from Penn- sylvania, and was the first pioneer that entered the wilderness of Barren County, then Warren County. His father, Michael W. Hall, was one of the judges of the quarter sessions court of Barren County for some years, having succeeded his father, and also represented his county in the Kentucky Legislature several terms. Dr. Hall received his literary education at Glasgow, and studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. George Rogers of that place, subsequently continuing his medical studies at Louisville, taking his first course of lectures there, at the Jefferson Medical Col- lege. The excitement following the discovery of gold drew him to California, where he arrived in 1852. He settled then at Orleans Flat, engaging in the practice of medicine, and becoming at the same time interested in mining and ditch speculations. He was President of the Eureka Canal Company, subsequently consolidated with the Miners' Ditch, until 1858, during which year he returned to Kentucky, going thence to Philadelphia, where he completed his medical course at the Jefferson Medical College, graduating at that institution in 1859. He then returned to Kentucky and spent one year with his relatives and friends in that State. During the war he was in charge of the Post Hospital at Lexington for two years, there hav- ing an extensive surgical experience. In 1862 he re- turned to the Pacific Coast, locating on the Comstock Lode, where are to be found the most extensive silver mines of the world. Here also was a large field for surgical work, owing to the great number of accidents of daily occurrence in the mines. In 1865 he returned to Glasgow, Kentucky, where he was united in marriage to Miss Kate B. White, whose parents, Thomas J. and Sarah (Frances) White, were also natives of Kentucky, their ancestors having removed thither at an early date. Upon his return from Kentucky to the Pacific Coast, he was appointed Surgeon-General of the State of Nevada by Gov- ernor Blaisdel, serving eight years under his adminis- tration, and was re-appointed by Governor Bradley, serving four years. The children of Dr. Hall are nine, namely: Leon M., now pursuing a course in mechanics at the State University at Berkeley; Joseph U., at present attend- ing Cooper Medical College in San Francisco; Graily H., Pearl W., Kate B., Beatrice, Grace A., E. Mercedes, and Hal V., the latter six occupying the paternal home and attending school at San Jose. ^^APT. JOSEPH E. WILLIAMS was born on W' Prince Edward Island, March 25, 1830, but left there when a mere boy, and when twelve years old went to sea as a fisherman, and about a year later came to the United States, and shipped on board of large ships engaged in foreign trade at Liverpool, London, and the East Indies. He fol- lowed this for several years, and was in the coasting trade until twenty-one years old, when he was given the command of the ship Cormne, engaged in the coasting trade in summer and lying by in the winter. He had command of this ship for two or three years. After this he became an officer on a packet ship en- gaged in carrying passengers and merchandise, and sailed to nearly all the Atlantic ports of Europe, as well as of the American coast. He was engaged in this business five or six years, and then became mas- 262 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ter of a merchant ship, in which business he continued up to 1870. He then went to San Francisco, and for a time was engaged in business there. In 1881 he went to Sierra County, California, and took charge of a mine, and after remaining there five years returned to San Francisco. In 1887 he purchased his present place, a part of which, however, he bought the year before. The place contains forty-two acres, of which fourteen are in orchard, mostly in Crawford peaches and Moorpark apricots. He has a small family or- chard, also a vineyard of fifteen acres, consisting of Muscat and choice wine grapes, the vines and orchard being six years old. Captain Williams' ranch is situ- ated at the corner of the county road, Castro Street, and Bailey Avenue. Captain Williams was married in San Francisco, December 11, 1879, to May, daughter of Hon. John Thomson, of Prince Edward Island, who was for many years Speaker of the House of Representatives. They have two children: Reginald Fladley, born June 19, 1883, and Anita Josephine, born January 3, 1885. They lost one child that died in infancy. i-(S^^-i a» G'V :iLLIAM B. RUCKER, who is Clerk of the ifG#3 Board of Supervisors, was born in Santa Clara e.^ County in 1857. His parents, J. E. and Susan I (Brown) Rucker, came to California in 1853, from Missouri, and settled at once in the Santa Clara Valley. The subject of this sketch attended the pub- lic schools of San Jose until he attained the age of sixteen years, when he attended the University of the Pacific for a short time. In 1S75 he went to San Benito County and took charge of his father's ranch there; he remained until February, 1886, when he re- turned to San Jose, and received the appointment of Deputy Recorder of this county, which office he filled one year and was then appointed Deputy County Clerk and Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, which office he still occupies. In April, 1882, he was united in marriage to Miss MoUie McCarley, also a native of this State and county. Her parents, Samuel W. and Hannah (Harbert) McCarley, came to California in the pio- neer days of its settlement. Mr. and Mrs. Rucker have one child, a son, born June 27, 1885, who bears the name of George A. Mrs. Rucker has one sister and four brothers. Her sister Annie is the wife of D. B. Fuller, of Evergreen, this county, who is en- gaged in fruit-raising. Her brothers, W. B. and Al- bert, are in partnership in the livery business. Frank J. McCarley is in the United States mail service, and Samuel W., Jr., is now attending school in San Jose. Mr. Rucker is a member of Mt. Hamilton Lodge, No. 43, A. O. U. W., of San Jose; he is also a member of Palo Alto Parlor, No. 82, N. S. G. W., and is District Deputy Grand President for Santa Clara County, and Recording Secretary of Company B., Fifth Infantry, Second Brigade, N. G. C, to which company he be- longs. ^EV. WILLIAM D. POLLARD was born in Spencer, Owen County, Indiana, April 12, 1840. His father, Uriah Pollard, was a native of Vir- ginia, and when six years old removed with his parents to North Carolina, where he was reared. He was married there to Sarah Dameron, a native of North Carolina. Uriah Pollard was the owner of one slave, although he did not believe in slavery. He was strongly opposed to the liquor traffic for sixty- five years. He took a firm stand against using it in the harvest-field, and although strongly opposed, finally won the day. Mrs. Pollard was a woman of sterling qualities, like those of old, ever providing for her children. Each child grew in virtue and be- came the head of an honorable family. They moved to Owen County, Indiana, in 1831, and lived there twenty years. In 1851 they moved to McLean County, Illinois, where they died, Mr. Pollard in 1879, aged eighty-two years, and his wife in 1874. They reared a family of seven children, all of whom are now living, three sons and four daughters. W. D. Pollard is next to the youngest. He made his home with his parents till twenty-five years of age. He was educated at the Eureka College, in Woodford County, Illinois, he and his wife attending school one year after their marriage. He was reared in the Christian faith, his mother being a very pious woman, and his father a class-leader for forty years. He was married June 29, 1865, to Lizzie J. Hows- mon, who was born in Ohio, January 15, 1845. Her parents moved from Ohio to McLean County, Illinois, when she was an infant. Both Mr. and Mrs. Pollard were teachers in the public school. After leaving college they returned to their old home in McLean County; here Mr. Pollard taught school for a year, and then returned to Woodford County and taught a year. They then went to Oilman, Iroquois County Illinois, and took charge of the public school there, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 263 for one year, and from there to Scott County, where he taught three years, thence to Morgan County, where both Mr. and Mrs. Pollard taught in the public schools for three years. In 1875 they came to Santa Clara County. He at once bought a ranch of twenty acres and planted it to fruit-trees, and at the same time engaged to teach the Saratoga public school, which he did for four years. Mr. Pollard has been actively engaged in raising fruit, having had at different times as many as 1 50 acres. He has realized $5.00 per acre from three- year-old prunes, $75 per acre when four years old, and $200 when five years old. The best he ever real- ized from prunes was $550 per acre. In 1887 he realized $300 per acre from five-year-old peach-trees. Mr. Pollard has been a preacher for twenty-five years. He began his ministry about the time he commenced school-teaching, and has many times preached three times a day. Has held protracted meetings and taught school at the same time. For the past three years he has been preaching in Santa Cruz. The most of his efforts in this direction have been gratuitous. The richness of his life has been spent in the ministry, he having obtained from this service the largest results. Mr. Pollard, in the death of his wife, February 2, 1888, met with his greatest loss. She was his constant companion and helper in his Christian work. She was the mother of three children, all of whom survived her. In 1883 Mr. Pollard bought a half interest in Washington College, in Alameda County, where both he and his wife taught for one year. This was the close of their teaching, having devoted about fifteen years to it and twenty- five years to the ministry. He at present gives his time to preaching. His present ranch consists of forty acres, — thirty-four acres of French prunes, four acres of pears, and two acres of peaches, there being about 100 trees to the acre and ranging from two to six years old. jfeYMAN J. BURRELL, deceased, was born in 1^ Massachusetts, September 5, 1801. Both of his ^ parents were natives of Massachusetts. His father, Jabez Burrell, was one of eight sons and three daughters. Lyman lived in Massachusetts until he was twelve years old, when his father removed to the Western Reserve and settled in Sheffield, Lorain County, Ohio. His father was a pioneer, and took up and cleared his land. Lyman had a farm in Shef- field given him by his father, which he cultivated. He married when about twenty-six years old, and his wife died six or seven years afterward. He was married again in 1839, ^o Clarissa Wright, a native of Connecticut. Previous to this he went to Elyria, the county scat of Lorain County, and was twice elected County Treasurer on the Whig ticket. In 1849 he came to California, leaving his family at home. He worked in the mines with average success for two years or more, and made about $2,000. On returning to Elyria, and while crossing the isthmus at Panama, he contracted the " Panama " fever, and was in a very weak condition when he reached his home in Ohio. In about a year, thinking himself sufficiently well, he started for California, but upon reaching New York was obliged to return home. In 1852 he made the journey, and his family joined him the following year. Upon his arrival in California he rented land from Cary Peebles, of Santa Clara, planted four or five acres to onions, and in 1853 he planted potatoes and pumpkins on land belonging to the late James Lick. In June, 1853, he made his first excursion into the mountains with a party looking for a home, and all took up land on the ridge between the Burrell and Los Gatos Creeks. He took one-fourth of a section, under the pre-emption laws, supposing it to be gov- ernment land, and built a house and settled there. The other parties with him took up claims for stock ranches, and were only there at times. The nearest permanent neighbor was Charles McKierman, famil- iarly known as " Mountain Charley," and he was three and a half miles away. After living there six years he found he was on a Spanish grant. He thereupon bought a third of one- ninth interest in the grant, his share being about 3,500 acres, for which he paid $1,500. He engaged in stock-raising, first raising hogs, but had to give that up as there were too many bears and panthers. He then took a herd of cattle on shares from John A. Quincy, and made some money. During the first five years he lived there, there was no wagon road, till the Santa Cruz Turnpike was built. His nearest post-office was Santa Clara, and everything was packed to and from his place on the backs of horses. For two years he followed the old Santa Cruz trail, striking it at " Mountain Charley's.'' Instead of trav- eling this roundabout way any longer he picked out and opened a trail from his place toward San Jose, which was adopted by the Turnpike Company when it built the turnpike road. He sold off his land from 264 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." time to time in large and small tracts, so that at the time of his death he had but about 1,000 acres left. His wife died in 1857. She was the mother of three children : James Birney, Martha, and Clara, the wife of H. C. Morrell. He married again in 1864, Mrs. Lucy Lewis, who died in January, 1875. He was again married in February, 1876, to Mrs. P. T. Vining. He died June 3, 1884. MiBRAM BLOCK is a native of Bohemia, and <3^;p was born at Schwihau in 1830. When fourteen f years of age he came to America, and on his arrival here went directly to St. Louis, Missouri, where he had several brothers. Having only a lim- ited education, he attended school at St. Louis until his seventeenth year. He then obtained a situation as a clerk in the wholesale and retail dry-goods house of Nathan Abies, in which he acquired an interest in 1850. In 1852, on account of poor health, he with- drew his interest in the firm and came West to Ne- vada City, where he became associated with S. Furth, in .the mercantile business, after which he also en- gaged in private banking until 1874. In 1856 he became a resident of San Francisco, where his firm also engaged extensively in business. Meeting with reverses in 1874, caused by the depreciation of min- ing stocks, and also by accommodating friends in whom his faith was too sanguine, he was forced to make an assignment. In 1878, after settling up his affairs, by the advice of his physician, he abandoned mercantile and banking pursuits and turned his atten- tion to fruit-culture, and with what little he saved from his financial wreck he invested in a fruit ranch near Santa Clara, long known as the Gould Fruit Ranch. Mr. Gould was a noted horticulturist, and it was he who first shipped California fruits to Eastern States, as vi'ell as foreign countries, z. e., Australia, Sandwich Islands, and China. Mr. Block's ranch contains ninety-six acres, and he grows many varieties of fruit, but the pear is his speciality, the land being best adapted to that fruit. He is widely known as a pear culturist, and he ships yearly large quantities of pears to Eastern markets. Although deeply in debt, with the help of friends Mr. Block has succeeded in removing every financial incumbrance from his ranch, the result of his persevering industry under the most trying difficulties. He ranks among the prominent horticulturists of the State of California, and in 1885 was appointed a member of the California State Board of Horticulturists, by Governor Stoneman, to fill a vacancy, and afterward by Governor Waterman, to a full term of four years, and is now a member of the Board. He is also one of the Trustees of the Home for the Care and Training of Feeble-minded Children, a State institution at Santa Clara, having been appointed by Governor Bartlett in 1887. Politically, Mr. Block is independent, and never votes a strictly partisan ticket; and, although of for- eign birth, he loves the free principles of the United States, and believes in adhering to and upholding the laws of his adopted country. He is still unmarried, and will probably never be a benedict, or allow him- self to be a party to a matrimonial alliance. PLI HUGH EVANS, son of Hugh and Jerusha (Cone) Evans, was born in Oneida County, New ^ York, June 5, 1824. His father was a native of New Hampshire and his mother of New York. They both died in New York. Of fourteen children they reared twelve, the subject of this sketch being the youngest of the family. At the age of twenty he went to Wiscons'n, where he worked indifferent parts of the State for four years. In 1849 he came to Cal- ifornia, making the trip overland with ox teams. When the party was organized at the Missouri River, it numbered eighty-one persons, under Captain Har- aszthy. Mr. Evans acted as cook for the mess to which he belonged. It took them eleven months to make the trip, by the southern route. The party went into camp twenty-five miles south of Santa Fe, in New Mexico, where it remained six weeks recruit- ing the cattle. The party reached San Diego on Christmas-day. Mr. Evans remained there about three weeks, when he took passage on a sailing vessel and reached San Francisco in February, 1850. The next month he went to the Yuba River mines and began mining, remaining there four months, when he returned to San Francisco and went into the Red- woods, back of Redwood City. There he engaged in hauling logs. After going to the mines again and to the Redwoods back of Oakland, in 1853 he came to San Jose, where he remained four years running a grist-mill. In 1857, with some others, he organized a stock company and took a contract for making a part of the Santa Cruz Turnpike toll-road. In 1858 he bought his present place, of eighty acres, where he has since resided. ^. Dt^u^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 265 He was married, in 1861, to Jemima Ann Ricketts, who died in November, 1862. In 1870 he was again married, to Julia A. Purdon, a native of Oneida County, New York. They have no children. He has about thirty acres under cultivation, viz.: 70 French prunes, seven years old, 150 Hungarian prunes, eleven years old, 500 egg plums just coming into bearing, 25 Columbia plums in bearing, 20 Oregon silver prunes, 100 pears, mostly Bartletts, five years old, 200 apples, twenty years old, and 150 cherries, some of which are eighteen years old. He also has about four acres in vineyard, about four years old, with the exception of half an acre, which are twenty years old. PLLIAM L. WOODROW, of the firm of True- man & Woodrow, undertakers. No. 117 South First Street, San Jose, has been a resident of the Pacific Coast for the past twenty-six years, and for the past eighteen years has been the leading under- taker in California outside of San Francisco. A na- tive of Pembroke, Genesee County, New York, where he was born July 5, 1835, his parents removed when he was six years old to Churchville, Monroe County, where the family lived -four years. There his mother died on January 6, 1844, and is buried in Churchville Cemetery. In 1845 the family removed to Spencer- port in the same county, near the city of Rochester. Soon after they removed to Spencerport the subject of this sketch went to live with an old farmer named Lemuel Brown, a friend of his father. On this farm he remained four years, attending school in the win- ter months, and aiding in the general work as far as he could in the summer. Here he acquired those habits of industry and attention to the duties of life which, coupled with the precept and example incul- cated by that old Christian gentleman, have done much to make his private life and business career so marked a success. At the age of fifteen years he re- turned to Spencerport, soon after which the family removed to Lee County, Iowa. Here his father pur- chased a farm, which the subject of this sketch took charge of, the knowledge he had gained in New York State enabling him to manage it practically, which he did until 1856. Until the age of nineteen years, Mr. Woodrow always attended school during the winter months, acquiring all the elements of a public-school education. On December 9, 1856, at the age of twenty-one 34 years, he was married to Miss Margaret E. Wilcox- son, of Clay Grove, Iowa, daughter of Berry Wilcox- son, one of the oldest and most respectable residents of that part of the country. Mr. Wilcoxson owned one of the finest farms and the largest orchards in that section, being especially devoted to his orchard. Mr. Woodrow after his marriage conducted a farm on his own account until 1862. He then started across the plains, taking his wife and two children in ox wagons. Leaving the Missouri River May 22, he reached California four months later, the Rev. D. E. Bushnell being a naember of his train. His first ex- perience in mining was in Butte County, on the Yuba River north of MarysviUe. After devoting four years to mining and dealing in mining property in Butte County, California, and in Humboldt and Virginia City, Nevada, with varying fortunes, he came to Santa Clara County in impaired health in November, 1866. Here he engaged in farming at Berryessa for two years, his family residing in San Jose. This occupa- tion not being congenial, he purchased, in 1871, a half interest in the undertaking business with his present partner, Marcus Trueman, in which they have contin- ued since that time. His two elder daughters, born in Iowa, are Jennie L., wife of William H. Flagg, of San Francisco, and Mollie F., wife of Charles J. Hirsch, also of San Francisco. Since coming to the Pacific slope three children have been born to them: Charles W., at Humboldt, Nevada; George B. and Grace E., at San Jose. George B. died in 1877, at San Jose, aged five years and three months. Mr. Woodrow's .first wife died January 2, 1882. In 1883 he was married to Miss Emma H. Kellner, daughter of Rev. Augustus Kellner, Pastor of the First German Methodist Epis- copal Church of San Francisco, which church he es- tablished in 1853, and of which he was pastor until his death, some years later. Mrs. Woodrow was born August I, 1858. She was for twelve years the organ- ist of the German Methodist Episcopal Church of San Jose. They have had one child, Hazel Augusta, who died in March, 1888, aged one year. Mr. Wood- row's parents were Benjamin and Mary F. (Sprague) Woodrow, the former a native of England, and the latter of New York. His father, now eighty-one years old (1888), is interested with his son, J. M. Woodrow, in the Jasper County National Bank, of Newton, Iowa, of which J. M. is President. The subject of this sketch owns some valuable or- chard property in the neighborhood of San Jose, and an elegant home on Third Street, between St. James 266 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OP THE WORLD." and Julian Streets. He is a member of Friendship Lodge, No. 2IO, F. & A. M.; of San Jose Lodge, No. 34, I. O. O. F., and of Enterprise Lodge, No. 17, A. O. U. W. He is also President of the State Funeral Directors' Association. He is now holding the office for the second term, having been re-elected May 14, '88. He has been a member of and actively connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church of San Jose for the past twenty-two years, and has been one of the stewards of the church for twenty-one years, and also Treasurer of the church for a time. The very marked success which has attended Mr. Woodrow in his un- dertaking business is due to the gentle and sympa- thetic care with which he attends personally to its details. Until that sad hour has arrived when it be- comes necessary to prepare the treasured forms of our loved ones for their last long rest, few can appre- ciate how necessary are the services of one skillful and experienced to lift the burden of direction from those bereaved, and administer tenderly and under- standingly the last sad rites to the beloved dead. Then we require the aid of the experienced and care- ful undertaker. Mr. Woodrow is all that a funeral director should be, combining thorough knowledge with excellent taste and a delicacy of refinement. Those who have had occasion to employ him profes- sionally during the past eighteen years, understand and appreciate the superior manner in which he has always performed the last sad offices of his profession. |eORGE WARREN HANDY, son of Elisha * and Asenath Handy, was born in Auburn, New y^ York, January 5, 1843. At the age of thirteen he removed to Iowa and was graduated at the State University at Iowa City in 1862. The same year he enlisted in Company F, Twenty-second Iowa Infantry, and served till the close of the war. He served in the siege of Vicksburg and in the Shenan- doah Valley with General Sheridan. In 1863 he was commissioned Second Lieutenant, and in 1864, First Lieutenant, and was mustered out in the fall of the next year. After the war he entered Harvard Medi- cal College at Boston and graduated in 1868, when he began the practice of medicine in Boston. In 1870 he went to St. Louis, where he practiced his profession till 1873, and then went to Atlanta, Georgia, where he had charge of a surgical institution. In 1880 he came to California and located in Oakland. In 1883 he purchased his present ranch, between Los Gatos and Saratoga. Dr. Handy was married in 1868, to Au- gusta Haskell, a native of Garland, Maine. They have two daughters: Una, born November 17, 1872, and NeUie, born September 12, 1876. Dr. Handy has 450 acres of land, of which 150 are under cultivation. He has 125 acres in French prunes, containing 18,000 trees, and 25 acres in cherries, pears, and grapes. The product for 1887 was about 500 tons. Dr. Handy deals extensively in real estate in this and other counties. ^•AMES BIRNEY BURRELL was born August @^ 4, 1840, and was married June 18, 1871, to Mary '^ L.. Campbell, a native of California. After his marriage he built his present house on that portion of his father's estate where he resided until November 18, 1882, when he went to Southern Mexico and took up 5,000 acres of land under the Mexican Coloniza- tion Company, and returned January 31, 1883. In April of the same year he went back to Mexico and remained eleven months. In December, 1884, he made a third trip to Mexico, returning to California in May, 1886. He made the journey again the same year, remaining until April, 1888. He has forty acres of land on his home place, and about 300 acres on the Los Gatos Creek. His first vineyard was planted in 1856. From that time to 1876 he raised good crops of peaches, there being no failure during that time. Many trees are still strong that were planted in 1856 and 1857. Mr. Burrell's two children are: Frank, born September i, 1873, and Willie, May 27, 1880. — ->>H^M^-^-^ — ^APT. JAMES R. HERRIMAN was born in "^ Bangor, Maine, March 10, 1837. His father, {SjL Hezekiah Herriman, also a native of Maine, was a ship-master, as were other members of his family. He followed the sea for some years, but dur- ing the last ten years of his life was in business in Bangor, where he died. His wife, Margaret, Kee Bas- sett, was a native of Maine, and she died in Stockton. They reared six children, five sons and one daughter. All the sons were seafaring men and commanders of large vessels. One has since died. James R., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Bangor. Upon the death of his father, his mother moved to Prospect, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 267 Maine, and afterward he went to Winterport, Maine, where he attended school until fifteen years of age. He then, like a great many boys, got the sea fever and went to sea. He shipped as a cabin boy, and from this he passed through the several grades, until at the age of twenty-two he became captain and took command of a vessel, and from this time on his life was on the sea. He has had" command of five dif- ferent ships, all large ones. He was engaged in the merchant trade with foreign countries, mostly with the East Indies, Europe, and California. During the late Civil War he was in command of a transport vessel, conveying troops and munitions of war for the United States Government. He was at York River, lying there with army stores. During the fight " contra- bands " came there in large numbers and were shipped to different places, Captain Herriman landing his load of them at Annapolis, Maryland. He was with the transports on the Mississippi River, below New Or- leans, when the attack was made on Forts St. Philip and Jackson, his vessel being loaded with shot and shell for the war vessels which followed. He lay just below the mortar boats. After the forts were silenced by the gunboats the transports followed them up to New Orleans. The captain was in transport service until May, 1864, when he was discharged by the government. He then returned to his old trade in the mercantile business, in which he continued until he took command of the clipper ship America, in which he had an interest from 1882 to 1887. In 1887 she was badly damaged in a gale off San Pedro. She was afterward repaired, and is now running along the coast. Captain Herriman severed his connection with it soon after it became damaged, and in May he pur- chased his present ranch near Saratoga, where he has since resided. The ranch has nearly twenty-three acres, all in fruit, eleven acres in French prunes, five acres in apricots, the rest in peaches, plums, and cher- ries, and all in bearing. In 1887 he had twelve tons of apricots, and five tons of peaches. The ranch is called "The Anchorage." The first year he was on the place it paid eight per cent interest on the invest- ment. ioSEPH BARTON, deceased. The Bartons were a military race of people, brave and honorable in all their dealings. In the early settlement of the country, when wild animals were plentiful, and the Indians troublesome, many times have they been an- noyed by them, and on certain occasions have been in places of imminent peril and danger to their lives. Joseph Barton was born in Wilson County, Tennes- see, December 17, 1820. His great-grandfather came over from England, and bound out his two boys, who were half-brothers, returned to England, and was never heard from since. One of these sons married and reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, of whom one, Gabriel Barton, was the father of Joseph Barton. Gabriel Barton was com- monly called Colonel Barton, and at one time he was sheriff of Wilson County. He was an intimate friend of Samuel Houston, and during one of the unpleasant affairs in which Houston became impli- cated, — a duel, — Barton acted as Houston's second and manager of the affair. Mr. Barton married Jane Johnson, a Tennessee lady, and native of Wilson County, who reared a family of eight children — five sons and three daugh- ters. Mr. Barton died July 8, 1862, and his wife in 1857. Joseph Barton was the eldest child of his father's family. He was reared in his native county, and re- ceived such education as he could from the district schools, which, in those days, were primitive. He lived with his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, when he went to live with his grandmother, who had a large plantation and a number of slaves, and no one to manage the estate for her. Mr. Bar- ton did this in a very creditable manner, and remained with his grandmother until 1850. He then started for the Golden State, making the journey across the plains, packing their luggage on the backs of mules; and, after being on the road for about four months, landed within the lines of California. He went into the mines of Yuba County, where he remained one winter, but was taken with the rheumatism and com- pelled to leave the place. He went to Sacramento, and came from there to the Santa Clara Valleyi where he engaged in gardening with William T. Mc- Clellan, afterward his father-in-law. After working at this for a short time, he removed to Stevens Creek, and settled on a strip of land which he pre-empted from the government. He afterward purchased 160 acres more adjoining the claim he had; also another piece of 50 acres, making in all 320 acres. He was married in 1859, on the second day of December, to Lavinia C. McClellan, who was born in Cass County, Missouri, January 22, 1840, and came to California with her parents in 1849. At the time Mr. Barton moved upon his place it was as nature made it. He went to work cutting down the trees .268 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." and brush that covered the land in great abundance, and commenced making other improvements. In 1872 the house that was first erected was moved to the site of the present house, and was remodeled, with extensive improvements and additions. The place has at the present time 109 acres, which is all under cultivation. Twenty acres of it are in. vine- yard. There is a small orchard of various kinds of fruit, which is twenty-two years old, and is one of the first orchards set out in this section of the country. Mr. Barton's death occurred February 5, 1883. He left a widow and five children : Jennie E., wife of W. L. Palmer of San Jose, Alice M., Annie, Grant, and Ruth. There are also three children deceased. Frank died June i, 1868, at the age of two and a half years. Kate died July 13, 1881, nearly nineteen years old, and Florence died December 5, 1881, in her third year. Joseph Barton was a man highly respected by the community, and greatly admired by his many friends. He was a very industrious man and sacrificed his life for the good of his family. He was a devoted mem- ber of the Advent Church of Santa Clara, and in former years, while in Tennessee, was a member of the Masonic order, but during his residence in Cali- fornia never renewed his relations with it. Although a Southern man by birth, yet, during the late war, while he had brothers in the Confederate army, he was a firm Union man and a devoted supporter of the national government. He was outspoken in his manner. He at one time, together with others in his neighborhood, bought a cannon and afterward a na- tional flag, which were placed at Mountain View. He took a great interest in educational matters. As his own education was somewhat limited, he having greatly educated himself, he was much interested in the district school, and endeavored to give his children the best education his means permitted. ^e/iu&NDREA MALOVOS owns and resides upon -P> an extensive farm and orchard property of 286 acres, known as the " Light-house Farm," and situated in the Midway School District, lying half a mile east of the San Jose and Alviso road, about five and a half miles north of San Jose, and three and a half south of Alviso. He is largely in- terested in horticulture, having 140 acres in orchard, producing principally peaches of the " Lemon Cling- stone'' variety. This large orchard also furnishes cherries, prunes, plums, apricots, apples, pears, and quinces. Seven acres are in grapes of the Verdal variety, sixty acres in asparagus, and the remainder in hay and grain. Mr. Malovos is also interested somewhat in stock-raising. There are five artesian wells on this farm, most of them flowing freely, but to increase the water supply he has erected fine steam pumping works, with a capacity of from 1,500 to 2,000 gallons per minute. Mr. Malovos employs a large force of men to carry on the extensive enter- prises of his immense orchard, having from ten to sixty men, as the exigencies of the season require. He hires none but white labor, being opposed to any labor element that does not tend to enrich and build up the country of his adoption. With characteristic energy, he has erected one of the finest residences of the section, surrounded by beautiful and extensive grounds, and filled with all the comforts and luxuries of modern life. The subject of this sketch was born in Giuppana, Dalmatia, Austria, October 18, 1845. He is the son of Pietro and Margerita (Gassivoda) Malovos, both natives and residents of the place of his birth. In youth he had fair opportunities for acquiring an ed- ucation, of which he availed himself. He lived on his father's farm until fourteen years old, at which age he entered the marine service. He followed a seafaring life until 1862, when he located at Mata- moras, Mexico, at the mouth of the Rio Grande. Here he engaged in lightening stores from vessels lying off the mouth of the river to the landings. He found this work very profitable. It was during Maximilian's occupation of Mexico and the War of the Rebellion, and as this was a neutral port, business was brisk. Beginning with one small schooner, Mr. Malovos soon increased the number to five, the largest of which he himself commanded. The closing of the war and the restoration of peace in Mexico threw open the neighboring ports, and thus destroyed Mr. Malovos' business. After suffering heavy losses, he closed up his affairs in 1868, and came to this State, arriving in San Francisco on the eighth of April of that year. He came directly to Santa Clara County, and here spent the two following years in various pursuits. In 1870 he took possession of the ranch upon which he now lives, and at once commenced its cultivation and. improvement, with the results of which we have spoken in the beginning of our sketch. In the same year he was united in marriage with Mrs. Maria J. G., a daughter of Domingo and Mag- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 269 dalena Alviso. They have nine children, viz.: IVTich- ael G., Peter, Marcus, Andreas, Stephen, Magdalena, Margerita, Catarina, and Delfina. As a man of intelligence and enterprise, as one who is bound to carry through to a successful issue each enterprise in which he engages, Mr. Malovos is well known. Coming to this country from one so entirely different in manners and customs, he has yet become thoroughly identified with his new home, making his residence here pleasant and profitable for his asso- ciates, as well as for himself ^PHRAIM H. WADE. Among the successful mechanics of San Jose is the above-named gen- tleman, whose blacksmith and carriage repair shop is located on the corner of Orchard and Willow Streets. Mr. Wade established this shop in 1877, and since that date has successfully and profit- ably conducted the same. He is the owner of his shop, residence, and three lots at this point. He also owns a fine orchard property on Madden Avenue, just west of the Meridian road. This orchard, containing nine acres, was purchased by him in 1884, and im- mediately planted with apricots and French prunes. Great care and attention on his part has produced one of the finest orchards in that section. Mr. Wade was born in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, April 3, 1839. His father, John H. Wade, was a native of Massa- chusetts, and a descendant from the old Puritan colonist of New England. His mother, Catherine (Claus) Wade, was a native of Germany. His father enlisted in the United States service, and was Drum Major in the Fifth United States Infantry, stationed at Detroit, Michigan, to which place he moved his family. This regiment was actively engaged in the Mexican War, and Mr. Wade was wounded. In the spring of 1848 he came North and went to Newport Barracks, Kentucky, where he died from the effect of his wounds, in that year. In 1852 Mrs. Wade and family came to California and located in Benicia, where she engaged in the dairy business, which, with the assistance of her children, she successfully con- ducted for several years. In 1854 the subject of this sketch entered the employ of the Pacific Mail Com- pany at Benicia, as an apprentice to the blacksmith trade. He worked at this calling until 1858. In that year the Eraser River mining excitement induced him to try his fortunes in the mines. This proved a failure, and he returned to Benicia and resumed his work for the Pacific Mail Company until 1863. For the next two years he was employed in the United States Arsenal at Benicia, after which, in 1865, he went to Mare Island and was employed in the United States Navy Yard until 1872. In this latter year he returned to the East and entered the Boston & Albany Rail- road machine shops, at Springfield, Massachusetts, where he was employed until July 4, 1876. He then returned to California, and shortly after located in San Jose, where he worked in McKenzie's Foundry for about a year. He then established the shop before mentioned. Mr. Wade is an enterprising and success- ful mechanic. He is well known and respected in the community in which he resides. He is a strong and consistent Republican, taking a deep interest in all questions and public movements that affect the pros- perity of his section and county. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, being asso- ciated with Enterprise Lodge, No. 17, of San Jose. December 21, 1870, Mr. Wade's mother died at Val- lejo, California. In 1876 Mr. Wade was united in marriage with Mrs. Mary J. (Connors) Davis, a resi- dent of San Francisco. From Mrs. Wade's previous marriage there is one child living, Fannie Davis, who married James Lively, now residing in Fresno County. ^gAPTAIN CHRISTIAN FIELDSTED, resid- ^ ing on the corner of Emory and Myrtle Streets, (3)1= near the University of the Pacific, San Jose, has been a resident of California since 1849, and of San Jose since the fall of 1853. He was born in Frederickstad, Norway, October 18, 1822, and at- tended school at his native place up to the age of fifteen years. In 1836 he commenced going to sea, and followed that life for seventeen years, visiting almost every part of the globe. During the last few years he was captain of his own vessel and part owner of two others. In 1848-49 he made a trip from Boston to San Francisco as first mate of the brig NortA Bend. On arriving in San Francisco, like al- most every man who came to California in that year, no matter what his previous occupation, he tried the mines for a while. In two months he was so success- ful as to make money enough to purchase the schooner Two Brothers, which he bought at a low figure. He made a trip with her to Oregon, where he discovered in Shoal Water Bay an oyster-bed, the first oysters found on the Pacific Coast. On his return trip he brought to San Francisco 1,700 baskets of oysters. 270 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." each holding a little over a half bushel. Oysters were then selling at an ounce ($i6) a basket. He sold a few baskets at that price, and was offered $20,000 for the cargo. Not thinking that amount sufficient he planted them at North Beach, which was a very un- fortunate move, as the sand from the surf destroyed the whole lot ! He was then relying on the judg- ment and advice of a Cape Cod man, whom he em- ployed at $500 per month, and supposed to be a practical oyster man, but who really knew little about the business. Captain Fieldsted himself had no knowledge of the oyster business. On his next trip the whole cargo of oysters were spoiled in a thunder-storm off Point Reyes. Arriving from his third trip, San Francisco was burning, so he planted his oysters in Mission Creek, where they were stolen and marketed before he returned from his fourth trip^ when he had a partner who understood the business. On that trip they made $7,000 each, and the next trip, being the fifth, he brought 2,700 baskets, which he planted off Rincon Point, where they were de- stroyed by drum-fish. In trying to harpoon a drum- fish he fell overboard, and as a consequence was dis- abled for several months. Thus ended his oyster experience ! A party who went into the same busi- ness about the time Captain Fieldsted left it, is now a millionaire, from money made in bringing oysters to San Francisco ! After regaining his health he pur- chased a ranch in the Santa Clara Valley, for which he had to pay three different claimants, at different times, finally getting a perfect title. There were in the ranch 156 acres, situated four miles east of San Jose. This ranch he kept until 1882, when he sold it and removed to his present residence, near the Uni- versity, where he has since resided. Plis ranch was devoted to fruit, grain, and hay. In 1846 he was married to Miss Emily C. French, of Southhampton, New Hampshire. She died in 1880. In 1882 he was married to Miss Nancy Waterman Winsor, a native of Providence County, Rhode Island. Captain Fieldsted is in his declining years, enjoying the comforts of a pleasant home. Having no active business interests, he passes his time happily in the society of his friends and his cultured and charming wife, surrounded by all that renders life desirable. Mrs. Fieldsted's parents were Andrew and Lydia (Winsor) Winsor, both natives of Rhode Island. Their ancestors emigrated from England in the time of Roger Wilhams. One of her ancestors, Joshua Winsor, was with him one of the original owners of what is now Providence, Rhode Island. Captain Fieldsted's parents were Jacob and Gerta (Anderson) Fieldsted, both natives of Norway. His father was in his early days in the war between Sweden and Nor- way, ending in 18 14, a Lieutenant of Infantry. In later years he was a civil officer in Frederickstad, his position corresponding to that of Alcalde of a town in the early days of California. The family are attend- ants at the Congregational Church. !.NTHONY P. LOGAN is a son of Alexander ?P> Logan, who is a native of Lexington, Kentucky, where he was born in 181 3, and removed with his parents to Lexington, Missouri, at an early date, being one of the pioneer settlers of that place. In 1839 he married Miss Sarah Easly, a native of Asheville, North Carolina, by whom he has eight children. The first born was George S., who now lives on his own farm at Alma. Their second child was Jane M., born in 1842. She married Vincent Ricketts, and died in 1865; is buried in Lexington, California. Their next was Hester A., who was mar- ried in 1862 to L. A. Whitehurst, and is now living in Gilroy. Anthony was the fourth child, and was born in 1846. Fannie M. was born in 1848; in 1871 she married J. S. Whitehurst, and is now living at the Willows. William P. Logan was born in Lexington, Missouri, in 1850, and lives at Santa Maria, California. The two younger children were born in this State. In 1852, the health of Mr. Logan's father failing, and hearing such fabulous tales of the climate and gold of this State, he sold his farm, and in company with his family crossed the plains. Leaving Lexington, Mis- souri, in May, they arrived in San Jose the following September. Anthony P. Logan was at that time a child of but six years of age; still he retains a vivid recollection of that memorable trip. His father bought sixty acres in the Willows, which was then a wilderness of brush. He soon sold out to a Mr. Cole, and moved to the Santa Cruz Mountains, on account of his health. He finally settled about three miles from the town of Lexington, which he had named after the city of his nativity. He still resides there, and his wife, who died in March, 1887, is buried near by. In 1874 the subject of this sketch bought eight acres of land in the Willows, which he has since planted mostly to Hungarian prunes, they being best cultivated for Eastern shipping. The crop averages about $1,200 a year. He also, with his BIOGBAPHIGAL SKETCHES. 271 brother, owns 200 acres near Alma, this county, which he is planting to apples and pears, expecting to ship the fruit to Mexico and China, where there is a great demand, In 1875 he was united in marriage with Miss Susan E. Kneedler, of San Jose, a daughter of John Kneedler, of Pennsylvania, and Martha (Sparks) Kneedler, a native of England, who came to this State in 1856. Mrs. Susan E. Logan has one brother, Fulton S. Kneedler, now living at San Diego, and two sisters. Misses Effie and Blanche, both living with their parents at the Willows. Mr. and Mrs. Logan have one child, John A., who was born November 18, 1876. He is attending the public school at the Wil- lows. Mr. Logan is a member of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F. In politics he is independent, with Democratic proclivities. Mr. Logan's maternal grandfather, Stephen I. Easly, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and a son and son-in-law of men who fought side by side under General Washington in the Revolutionary War. His paternal great-grandfather and his oldest son were killed at Yorktown, fighting under La Fayette for freedom. Mr. Anthony Logan's grandfather Logan was a companion of Daniel Boone in settling up Kentucky. He belongs to a family of pioneers of valor and of nerve, many of whom de- voted their lives to the advancement of civilization, while others died in their country's cause. V. eRANT brothers. Theodore F. Grant was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February 22, 1828. His father, Charles Grant, was a native of Boston, and his grandfather, Moses Grant, was one of the Colonials who went out in the Boston har- bor, where they boarded the English ships and threw the cargo of tea overboard. Charles Grant and his wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Richards, after- ward moved to Roxbury, which is now Boston, where they died, the former in 1856 and the latter in 1871. They reared a family of five children, of whom four are living — three sons and one daughter. The boys were reared in Boston, educated at the high schools, and grew to manhood. In 1846 Theodore went to Maine and located at Portland, where he kept a lamp store. He furnished the people with lamps and camphene, which at that time was the principal mode of producing light. He remained there three years, when he closed his business and started for Califor- nia. He sailed from Portland in the schooner Ortolan, a sixty-five-ton vessel, which is probably the smallest vessel that ever made the trip to the Pacific Coast. The vessel left Portland in November, 1849, sailed through the Strait of Magellan and Smith's Chan- nel, and arrived at San Francisco in June, 1850. The trip was a rough and dangerous one for so small a vessel; she was reported in San Francisco to be lost the day before she arrived. The first thing Mr. Grant did was to take charge of a store-ship belonging to Hawley & Stirling, where he remained until fall. He then entered the Montgomery House as clerk, where he remained until August, 1851, when he came to the town of Santa Clara. Here he clerked for Fletcher Cooper in general merchandise business until 1857. He then hired the post-office from another man, who had received the appointment, and in connection with it opened a stationery and periodical depot. Thus Mr. Grant was virtually postmaster of Santa Clara during his residence there up to 1858; also was Treas- urer of the town. He removed from there to San Jose, and was Treasurer of that city and Deputy Re- corder, which position he filled two years. In the fall of 1859 he came to his present place, where he and his brother have since resided. Theodore F. Grant was married in 1865 to Margaret Shaw, a native of Ireland, who came to this country in 1859. They have two children — a son and daughter. George H. Grant was born in Roxbury, Massachu- setts (now Boston), July 2, 1826. When he was four- teen years old he entered the auction store of Iloratio Harris & Co., one of the largest auction houses in Boston, where he served as chief clerk until January, 1 85 1, after being there eleven years. He then started for California, sailing from New York to Chagres, a port on the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama, and from there crossed the isthmus on mules, and up the Chagres River in canoes to where he took a steamer for San Francisco. He entered the wholesale commission store of George Shaw & Co., and was with them one year. He then went into the grocery busi- iness with S. C. Bradshaw, under the firm name of Bradshaw & Co., which partnership lasted a little over a year. At this time he bought 200 acres of land at Point Reyes, in Marin County, and invested in a small fishing smack, in which he put in a year's provisions, farming implements, etc., and started for the fishing place. On the way there he was wrecked during a heavy storm, in what is called Drake's Bay, and lost everything he had on board. This disaster to him discouraged the enterprise. He returned to San Francisco as soon as possible and then came to this 272 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." valley, where he has since remained, having first come to the place about six years previous to his brother's arrival. The ranch contains 357 acres, with about 100 acres under cultivation. It is situated in the foot- hills in Fremont Township, about four miles southwest of Mountain View. EORGE ROBERTS, residing on Stockton Ave- nue, corner of Julian Street, San Jose, was born y^ at New York Mills, near Utica, New York, May 22, 1832. He attended school near Utica until nineteen years of age, when he engaged in farming and various other occupations until i860, and then removed to California, coming by way of Panama. In 1844 his parents removed to Osceola, Lewis County, New York. Here he worked for a time on his father's farm, and in 1848 went to work on the Erie Canal, driving horses, where he remained two years. In New York city he drove stage on the East Broadway line for two years, when he returned to Osceola, where he remained until i860. Upon his arrival in California he engaged in mining in Omega, Nevada County, which he followed for three years, when he established a mercantile house and did a large business, mostly in mining supplies. His busi- ness extended over a large area, taking in the sur- rounding camps for twenty miles. He packed his goods on mules and horses to the cabins and mines of his customers. After actively conducting this bus- iness for six years, he sold out and came to San Jose, where he invested largely in real estate, engaging also in a wholesale and retail store, and for a short time kept the Lick House in San Jose. In 1874 he sold out these interests. Then, with Fred Adams, he organized the Lompoc Valley Land Company and removed to Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, becoming Secretary of the company. He also engaged in business, keeping a general merchan- dise store, including drugs, dry and fancy goods, boots and shoes, etc. All the company's lands were sold at large prices, and at present (1888) are worth three or four times the price for which they were sold. Mr. Roberts owns a number of farms in that valley, and much of the town property. The farms are rented to farmers who raise English mustard, beans, corn, po- tatoes, and summer crops. Most of the yellow mus- tard used in the United States comes from that valley, there being shipped from San Francisco to New York, England, and other countries over 100,000 tons annu- ally. They also raise immense quantities of beans of all kinds. Mr. Roberts, having large real estate inter- ests in San Jose, returned here and purchased his present home. He married Miss Nancy Green in Osceola, Lewis County, New York, in 185 1. She was a native of Otsego County, New York. Mr. Roberts has always been an interested and ac- tive Republican, voting for Fremont in 1856. His parents, John and Sarah (Bowers) Roberts, were born in England, where they married and came to the United States in 1827. Mr. Roberts has two sisters — Eleanor, the wife of H. S. Williams, a farmer in Shasta County, and Sarah, the widow of Christopher Stilman, residing at Clark's Mills, New York State. Mrs. Roberts' parents were Seymour and Phebe (Rob- inson) Green, natives of New York State, where they passed their lives and are now buried in Osceola, New York. Mr. Roberts' father still lives at Clark's Mills, New York, and is now (1888) eighty-one years of age. His mother died and was buried there, in 1852. Mr. Roberts has an orchard of thirteen acres on Taylor Street, near King Street, San Jose. This is set out to apricots and prunes in about equal quantities, with a few plums and peaches. It is all in full bearing. ^ ./f^HELVY HOOD KIFER was born in Louis- ^ ville, Kentucky, November 9, 1842. His father. John Kifer, was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother of Kentucky. In 1845 they removed to Jackson County, Missouri, where they bought a farm on the Santa Fe road, twelve miles from Inde- pendence, and lived there eight years. In 1853 they sold their farm and came to California overland, mak- ing the trip with ox teams. They left Missouri in April and reached California in November. Two of Mr. Kifer's sons had preceded him to this State — William coming in 1849, and Thomas in 1850. They were located near Santa Clara, and Mr. Kifer made his home with them for a while, and afterward located on the Murphy Ranch, on Adobe Creek. He sup- posed he had settled on government land, and it later fell into the hands of the Murphys, when Mr. Kifer was obliged to abandon it. He then located at Mountain View, where he purchased a place from a man named Rice, which afterward turned out as the other place did, this time falling into the hands of John Sullivan. While living there Shelvy, the sub- ject of this sketch, bought his present place, after which his parents moved on it and made their home /-•' i .^. (JU^^ e^-Li/ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 273 with him for four or five years, when they returned to JVEountain View, where his father died in January, 1873. His widow still lives, and resides with her children. She reared a family of eight children, of whom five are now living. Shelvy remained with his parents until i860, and two years later he went to Montana, where he was engaged in prospecting for six months in the mines. He then returned to Santa Clara County. Since he purchased his place he has lived on it, with the exception of two years spent in Monterey County, where he was engaged in farming. His farm contains seventy-five acres, all under culti- vation, thirty acres being in wine grapes, four and five years old, and a family orchard of 500 trees four years old. The remainder of his land is in hay and grain. The place is located two and a half miles south of Mountain View. He erected a handsome dwelling- house in the spring of 1888. He was married in 1870 to Isabella Smith, a native of Nova Scotia, who came to California a few years before her marriage. They have five children: Susie B., Flora M., Lillian, Shelvy H., and Anna. They lost one — Johnny — who died in 1886, aged twelve years. |j(|fARTIN BRITTON was born April 12, 1820, S^O^ near the banks of the St. Lawrence River, Jef- ^^ ferson County, New York. Much of his youth ! was spent in Chicago, where his father, Hiram Britton, at one time owned a large tract of land, in what is now the heart of that city. Martin Britton wedded Miss J. M. Pierce, in Wis- consin, March 21, 1849, and in 1861 came across the plains to California, living in San Francisco and Oak- land about two years. They became residents of Santa Clara County in 1863, and on November 10, 1866, established their residence at the Willows, hav- ing lived previously at Santa Clara. Martin Britton came to California on account of failing health, and was much benefited. On arrival his entire capital did not exceed $100. He became the owner of a valuable tract of land, which is now occupied by his widow and son, he having died April 18, 1886. Mrs. Britton now occupies the fine residence just completed before his death. Mr. Britfon was among the first men at the Willows who turned their at- tention to horticulture. He was a careful man, and a successful fruit-grower. In 1878 he sold the fruit from 465 prune trees, covering four and one-third acres, for $1,800, the age of the orchard being but 35 five and one-half years. In 1879, $1,400 was realized; in 1880, $3,200. In 1881, the family being on a visit East, not as good results were obtained; but in 1882 the crop brought $3,110, and in 1887, $1,850. JMRANK F. BRITTON, one of the representative '^ horticulturists of the Willows, resides on Cherry ^ Avenue. He dates his birth in Richland County, Wisconsin, Februrary 5, 1855. He is the son of Mar- tin and Jane M. (Pierce) Britton, and from his early remembrance has been a resident of California, and has thus witnessed its marvelous development. With his father he became early interested in fruit-growing, and has much to do with showing the wonderful ca- pacity of the climate and soil of Santa Clara County, combined with intelligent and skillful management, for producing a variety of fruits for the markets of the world. He is an enthusiastic believer in prunes, as the fruit of all fruits for our horticulturists, although he raises other fruits. Of the 3,000 trees on the fifty acres bought in 1887, and owned by himself and his wife's father, 2,600 are prune trees. From three acres of cherry trees, he has sold the crop on the trees at an average of nearly $1,000 per year. Mr. Britton went East for his bride, wedding Miss E. M. Gates, daughter of R. S. Gates, of Fort Atkin- son, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, on the nineteenth of November, 1884. In all efforts to build up the material interest of Santa Clara County, Mr. Britton lends a helping hand. A member of the American Horticultural Society, he is interested in that particu- lar industry, while politically he is for protection, and a firm Republican. ->->^%^^^- ■ERNHART SCHULTE, residing on the Coyote Creek, in Midway District, four miles north of \ San Jose, is the owner of a fine residence prop- erty of over twenty-five acres. This place he purchased in 1878, it then being a part of a grain field. All the improvements, buildings or otherwise, have been made by him. An orchard, comprising cherry, apple, peach, pear, and other fruit trees, covers fifteen acres. Both Mr. and Mrs. Schulte are natives of Germany, but have lived in the United States for over forty years. The latter was born March 13, 1831, and the former, January i, 1822. After coming to the United 274 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." States, and landing at New Orleans, Mr. Schulte went to St. Louis, where he lived for two years, going thence to Quincy, Illinois, where, in 1850, he was married. A few years were spent in that city, and then Mr. and Mrs. Schulte removed to St. Paul, Min- nesota, which was then but a small village. There, in what is now known as West St. Paul, they took up 160 acres of government land, which they im- proved and lived upon for many years. After the close of the war, they came, via Panama, to this State, and spent their first winter in San Francisco. Mr. Schulte soon purchased 640 acres of railroad land in the San Joaquin Valley; and this magnificent tract he converted into a grain and stock ranch, which he still owns. In 1879 they removed from that property to their present home in this fertile valley. Mr. and Mrs. Schulte have four children living — three daughters and one son. Mrs. Louisa Flay and Henry, are residents of Tracy, in the San Joaquin Valley. Mrs. Caroline Feihman lives on the parental homestead, five miles from Tracy, and Clara resides with her parents. One daughter, Annie Maria, died in 1887, at the age of twenty-four years. Henry Schulte, with his brother-in-law, John Hay, is en- gaged at Tracy in the manufacture of combined har- vesters, which were invented and patented by Mr. Hay and himself Mrs. Schulte is a consistent member of the Metho- dist Church. Mr. Schulte, in local politics, is bound by no party nominations, but votes for good men — not for parties. In national politics he is identified with the Republican party. A life of industry and economy have made Mr. Schulte a prosperous land owner, and a man of influence, while the many genial traits of this kind-hearted, worthy couple, have caused them to be regarded as the best of neighbors and the truest of friends. e)f ^APTAIN JOHN P. CROSSLEY was born near Middletown, Connecticut, April 9, 1882. His father, David Crossley, was an Englishman who came to the United States when about fifteen years of age. He married Maria L. Chamberlin, a native of Connecticut, and they made their home in that State, and both died there. He was a weaver, and was connected with the Crossleys, manufacturers of the celebrated Crossley carpets, of English and American manufacture. There were nine children in the family who grew to maturity, of whom four sons followed the sea. One of the daughters, Mary Ann Crossley, married Charles Van Pelt, a nephew of C. C. Vanderbilt, on his mother's side. They came to California in 1848 or 1849, in the schooner James L, Day, with the steamer Confidence in frame on board. Charles Van Pelt and his brother John were pioneer steamboat-men in California. They put the Confidence together in San Francisco, and ran her on the Sacramento River, which is said to have been the first steamboat to run on that river. John P. Crossley was reared in Connecticut, and there received his early schooling. When eight years of age he began taking his first lessons as a seaman or steward on the rivers and Long Island Sound. He then went before the mast and served in this capacity on different vessels for nine or ten years. When sev- enteen years old he was mate of a vessel, and at nine- teen years of age was master of one. From that age he was master of seventeen or eighteen different sail- ing vessels and steamers. During the late war he was in the transport service, and carried the first cargo of mules for General McCIellan's army about the time he was moving his troops to Fortress Monroe. He was in Butler's expedition up the James River, as master of a transport, carrying supplies. At the point where General Grant crossed the James River with his army after the battle of the Wilderness, the pontoon bridge was lashed to Captain Crossley 's ves- sel, which was anchored in the river. Seventy-two hours was consumed in effecting the crossing. Dur- ing the whole war he was more or less connected with the Government service. He then continued sea voyages, engaging in the merchant service, visiting most of the continental ports of Europe, the West and East Indies, China, Japan, and African India. He has had an interest in the different vessels he commanded. In October, 1885, he concluded to abandon the sea, and in April, 1886, bought his present place of forty acres in the Cupertino District in Santa Clara County. He has built a handsome residence and other buildings. When he purchased the place it was all in vines, but the foUowmg winter he planted 400 trees, principally French and silver prunes and almonds, besides a few other varieties. In 1887 he had thirty-five tons of grapes, from which he made 5,300 gallons of wine, which he sold the following spring. Captain Crossley was married in 1857 to Nancy Jane Mason, daughter of Nathaniel Mason, of Somer- set, Massachusetts. They have four sons and one daughter, viz.: Clarence S., a steel-plate engraver and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 276 pen sketcher, of Providence, Rhode Island ; John P., Jr., Mabel B., W. Ernest, and Nathaniel M. They lost two children in infancy, also a son, the eldest, Herbert C, who was lost at sea July 31, 1883, being at the time a mate on his father's ship. Pie went out in a small vessel with two seamen and a passenger to visit the reefs on the shore of Agincourt Island, thirty miles north of Formosa, to see if there were any out- lying dangers. The small boat was in sight of the large vessel until the current carried the large ship out of sight. The small boat and its crew were never seen after that, although search was instituted by his father, who spent thirty days there, and other small steamers searched along the shore at the same time, and also several United States and Chinese war ves- sels; and, although the sea was smooth and weather fine at the time and for several days, still no tidings have ever been heard from them ! ;APTAIN THOMAS B. ADAMS owns a five- ' acre orchard property on Race Street, on the @)f " Sansevain Villa" tract, in the Willow District. This place he bought and took possession of in February, 1885, the orchard having just come into bear- ing at that time. The buildings and improvements have all been made by Captain Adams. The fruit trees are now in a very thrifty condition, and com- prise white cherry, apricot, and egg plum trees in about equal numbers. In the season of 1887 (the first year in which the orchard was in full bearing), $1,000 was realized from the entire crop. In the same sea- son, the fruit from one-half of an acre of white cherry- trees was sold for $490. These facts are mentioned to give an idea of the thriftiness of this young or- chard. The subject of our sketch was born in Washington County, Maine, in 1836. He commenced a seafaring life as a sailor boy in the merchant marine, and from this position was promoted rapidly, reaching the hon- orable position of master mariner at the youthful age of twenty-two years. He has navigated every sea known to commerce, and for over twenty years has been in the Pacific trade. At Eastport, Washington County, Maine, in 1865, he was united in marriage with Miss Annie A. Chal- oner, who was a native of Lubec, of the same county. The family home was established at Trescott, Wash- ington County, and retained until, in 1873, they re- moved to Calais, Maine. There they resided for four years, when they came to San Francisco, which city was their home until, as before stated, they became residents of Santa Clara County. The captain had visited this coast before 1875, in command of merchant vessels from New York city. The last ship he sailed in the Atlantic merchant marine, the Hesperus, was lost on the passage from St. Mary's, Georgia, to the Rio de la Plata. Clearing from St. Mary's Marcli 9, 1875, she encountered a gale in mid-ocean, and foundered, though kept afloat by the most strenuous exertion on the part of the captain and his crew. She was abandoned 350 miles north of the Bermuda Islands, the crew being rescued by an Australian bound vessel, and later transferred to a Norwegian steamer. This vessel landed them at Havre, France, whence by a sail vessel they reached New York. By this misfortune Captain Adams was quite a heavy loser, being impoverished to the extent of $8,000. It caused not only financial trouble, for the great mental strain, the suffering, and responsi- bility, brought the first gray hairs to his head. Soon after, the captain, in obedience to a summons by tele- graph, came overland to San Francisco, and took command of the W. C. Parks, a vessel in the Hono- lulu trade. Since that date he has sailed as master of different vessels in coasting and foreign trade from San Francisco, and thus called the Pacific Coast his home for two years before he brought his family from the East. Captain Adams enjoys the reputation of being one of the most successful ship masters living, and has always had the confidence of his employers. Though he has a home where life can well be passed pleasantly, his long life on the ocean has weaned him from the plodding one of a landsman. His seasons for rest and recruiting his energies are spent in his pleasant home, but his vocation is still that of a thorough seafaring man. His only child, Annie Louise, born in Septem- ber, 1868, is yet at her parental home. Captain Adams is identified with the Republican party. He is interested in the Masonic fraternity, being a member of Washington Lodge, F. & A. M., of Lubec, Maine. ~-^^& S^ILLIAM BOOTS is the owner of one of the S^ largest and most productive farms in Santa I^P* Clara County. It is magnificent in extent, containing 640 acres, and is situated on the Alviso and Milpitas road, in the Alviso District, 276 PEN PICTURES FROM TEE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." about six miles north of San Jose, and three miles southeast of Alviso. An orchard of twenty-three acres produces principally plums and French prunes, but also to a much smaller extent nearly all the varie- ties of fruit grown in that section. To the culture of strawberries of the Sharpless, Cheney, and Longworth varieties, six acres are devoted. Asparagus is ex- tensively cultivated, thirty acres being occupied by this vegetable. The remainder, and by far the larger part, of this ranch is used as a hay and grain farm, and for stock purposes. Mr. Boots is interested in stock-raising, and owns some fine thoroughbred racing horses of English stock. He is also largely interested in raising draught horses from American stock. Eight artesian wells, ranging in depth from 250 feet to 600 feet, furnish the water. Three of these wells are worthy of special mention, as having a flow of nine inches of water over a seven-inch pipe. The well, from which the water for domestic use is taken, upon being capped, displays great force, and throws water from a small nozzle attached to an inch hose fully forty feet high. The family residence is a fine and commodious one, and is surrounded by well-ordered grounds. The subject of our sketch dates his birth in 1825, and is the son of James and Sarah (Stringer) Boots, who were residents of Jefferson County, Ohio. His father was a native of South Carolina; his ancestry, whose nationality is not positively known, came to the American colonies at an early period in the his- tory of our country. His mother was a descendant from the original Penn colonists of Pennsylvania. His father emigrated to Ohio in 18 14, being one of the pioneers of that State. He engaged in farm- ing, and to that work the subject of our sketch was reared. His educational advantages were ex- tremely limited, he never having received more than 100 days' schooling in his life. His father's failing health compelled him to take charge of the farm and its interests, and thus to aid in the maintenance of the family. This care fell upon him when he was but seventeen years old, yet he fulfilled these arduous duties most faithfully and successfully. He remained on his father's farm until 1851, when he left home to come to this State. Reaching St. Eouis in the autumn of that year, he there engaged in various occupations, starting from there on the overland trip in the spring of the following year. He arrived in the Sacramento Valley on the fourteenth of August, 1852, and after a short stay there went into the mines. It required only a five days' trial to convince him that mining was not his vocation, and he abandoned it to return to farm labor, in which he engaged until fall. He then came to Santa Clara County, sick and destitute of money, but there were left to him an indomitable will to do, and courage which nothing could daunt. After almost six months of weary sickness and suf- fering, he was able to resume work, and for the next six months was engaged in farm labor for wages. At the expiration of this time he rented land, and com- menced the raising of grain. A thorough knowledge of agriculture, combined with energetic and trained habits of labor, and a strict attention to business, soon assured his success, and in 1862 he was able to purchase land at his present location, upon which to base his future operations. Since then he has, from time to time, added to the acreage of his farm, until now (in 1888) he is justly considered one of Santa Clara's most prosperous and successful agriculturists. In 1859 Mr. Boots married Miss Mary E. Hough, of Syracuse, New York. They have three children, all of whom are yet members of their father's family at the old homestead. Their names are: Charles T., Mary E., and William. Mr. Boots is one of the most widely and favorably known citizens in this section. He is ready to give his help to all enterprises of real merit that will ad- vance the interests and welfare of his community. He is what is called a self-made man, and is certainly most deserving of that description. His position, when he became a resident of this county, and the one which he holds now, when compared, give evi- dence as to the courage and industry which must have filled the intervening years. He is a strong and con- sistent Republican, and during the late war was an ardent supporter of the Union. He takes a deep interest in the welfare of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is a member. ^ Sj&ARK CALKINS is the owner of an orchard (T^tjft farm in the Berryessa School District, located ° trict, about five miles north of Snnta Clara, and one mile south of Alviso. His farm contains fifty- five acres of productive land, eight acres of which is in orchard, producing pears, apples, and prunes. About twenty acres are devoted to berry culture, strawberries of the Longworth variety, principally, but also raspberries and blackberries. The remainder of the land is used for the production of hay and grain, and for stock pasturage, Mr. Love owning some fine cattle of thoroughbred Jersey stock. There are two artesian wells upon this place, one of which is worthy of special mention. It has a depth of 742 feet, having a seven-inch pipe throughout its whole depth. It flows three inches over the pipe, and the temperature of the water is over 70° Fahrenheit. Mr. Love dates his birth in Jersey City, New Jersey, November 3, 1832. He is the son of Alexander and Lily (Le Grande Pride) Love. His father was a na- tive of Glasgow, Scotland, and was a veteran of the English naval service in the War of 181 2, His mother was also born in Glasgow, and was of French descent, her father having met with his death in the famous Battle of Waterloo. When ten years old he was taken from school to assist his father in his work, that of gardening. At the age of fifteen he was appren- ticed to the ship carpenter's trade, and after spending three years in becoming proficient in it, he went to the Isthmus of Panama. He there engaged for a year in the railroad survey and construction. He then returned to New York and remained a few weeks before leaving, via steamer route, for California. He reached San Francisco in April, 1850, and for the next six years was engaged in the coasting trade from that city. In 1856 he came to Santa Clara County, and settled at Alviso, where he spent the four years following as engineer in the flouring mills, and as an employe in the warehouses. In 1870 he took pos- session of his present home, and since then has made orchard culture there his occupation. Mr. Love married, in 1865, Miss Soladad Martin, the youngest daughter of John and Baselicia Bernal (Ortega) Martin. Her father was born in Scotland, and came to this State in 1826, in the capacity of ship's carpenter in the English naval service. Mr. Love has four children, viz. : M. Lily, Ida L. IT., James A. and Charles A. Mr. Love is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In politics he is a strong Repub- lican, and has several times been delegated by his as- sociates to represent them in the State and County Conventions. He is one of those whose many genial traits of character make them ever welcome and pleasant companions, and his friends are many. I H. DOWNING, editor and publisher of the Santa C\a.Y3. Journal, was born at Newark, Mis- ^ souri, June 19, 1852. He was reared on a farm and is practically self-educated. At the age of twelve years he lost his hearing, caused by spinal (i "n C^^&i^l4y&^€^^^<^i(^ l^t' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 281 meningitis, which cut him off from schooh'ng advan- tages, and he never attended an institute for the deaf. He began his newspaper experience at Shelbina, Missouri, in November, 1882, when he purchased the Shelbina hidex, which he conducted with Httle inter- mission until coming to California in February, 1886, when he took charge of the Livermore Review \ but, becoming dissatisfied with the outlook there, he re- signed two months after and " roughed it," so to speak, from that time to November i, 1886, when he pur- chased the Santa Clara Journal, which at that time was a '' patent outside," poorly patronized and doing a very small business. Under his management, by February i, 1887, it became a seven-column weekly, and all home printed. January i, 1888, it became a six-page weekly. On May i, 1888, he began to pub- lish it as a semi-weekly paper. The newspaper ca- reer of this remarkable man has been attended with wonderful success; his skill and executive ability as a manager place him on the highway of success, and as a writer he takes no low rank. His loss of hear- ing cuts him off from political matters, and he takes but little interest in them. When election time comes he selects his men and votes for them independent of what others may say. On this point he is firm in the conviction that it is degrading to his manhood to al- low any living man to influence his vote against his principles. He is a member of no church, although he believes in the good of Christianity and aims to live a Christian life, such a life as he thinks accept- able in the sight of God, regardless how creeds may view it. On the seventeenth of April he was married to Ida R. Drake, of Shclbyville, Missouri, a lady who de- scends from one of our oldest and, best Virginian fami- lies, and who graces their home with that rare charm of mind and person born of the true lady, and for which our old Virginian families are noted the world over. She, like her husband, is not a member of any church, but believes in and lives a Christian, life. They are the parents of three children: Bertha and Bernie, twins, and Carl M. ILIVER BOULIEU, of the Willow District, re- "M^ resides on Lincoln Avenue, near its intersection with Pine Avenue. He is one of the pioneers of the State, coming to California when it was yet a Mexican Province. He was born near Quebec, Canada, March 15, 18 10. His life has been a check- 36 ered one and full of adventure. His father was a farmer and miller, and Oliver remained on the farm and with his parents until about fourteen years old, an4 was then apprenticed to Alex. Osgood, and served three years in learning the trade. In 1827 he removed to Upper Canada, worked about six months getting out ship timber, and then emigrated to Bur- lington, Vermont, working at his trade. He remained in Vermont for three years, and while in Burlington Mr. Boulieu had the pleasure of meeting and shak- ing hands with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Martin Van Buren. In 1831 he moved to Boston and remained three years, working for Childs, the banker. Here, in 1834, he met General Lafayette, and mentions with pride and a just satisfaction the grand parade given to the General in Boston upon his last visit to the city " La Granda Parada." From Boston Mr. Boulieu went to New Hampshire, where he resided for two years; after this he returned to Canada to revisit his people, and then came back to his adopted country, locating for one year at Detroit, Michigan. We find him next in Wisconsin, where he bought three sections of land, and remained for three years. Rattlesnakes were so numerous, how- ever, that he was finally forced to sell out. One af- ternoon he killed no less than sixty of the reptiles with his scythe while mowing. The next move was to St. Louis, Missouri, passing through, on the way, what is now the city of Chicago. At St. Louis he spent the winter, taking occasion to pay a flying visit "to New Orleans. In April, 1844, he joined General Fremont's expedition, and with him went to Independence, Missouri, from there to Fort Benton, and on to Fort Laramie, where he was stricken with cholera, but recovered in time to go on with the command to Fort Hall, where winter over- took them. So far, the journey consumed six months. Although the snow was already falling, but a week was spent here recuperating and organizing, and then they pushed on to The Dalles, Oregon, where they spent some time trading with the Indians, and pro- curing new horses and outfits. The next stop was at Lake Tahoe, where, on account of the loss of all their animals, they were forced to stop and recuperate. The trials and privations they passed through can hardly be imagined. Their sufferings were terrible, reaching al- most the perils of starvation. At the lake, however, they met a body of about 5,000 Indians, who supplied them with food in abundance and provided them a guide. After three days' marching they reached what is now known as Fremont's Peak. Here the guide 282 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' abandoned them, and for a time they were in a terrible plight, having to kill their mules to sustain life. Cold, freezing, and dying with hunger, Mr. Boulieu made his way in advance of the party to the summit of .the mountain. His eyes were delighted to look down into the valley below, the first to do so. An hour later. General Fremont came up and joined him, with three others. Here they divided their remaining food, which consisted of three crackers, among the starving five, and set out for the valley. One of the party was so enfeebled by cold and hunger, added to the fatigue, that had it not been for Mr. Boulieu, who carried him from the peak to the camp, he must have per- ished, as he had given up. It will thus be seen that " Fremont's Peak " might as well, if not better, be called " Boulieu Peak," as he was the first white man to ascend the mountain. It can truly be said he has seen his full share of danger and hardships, and yet to-day, at the age of seventy-nine years, he is pos- sessed of a physical vigor which might well be en- vied by a man in fair health and of half his age. His strength and power of endurance were of the greatest assistance to him in the wild Western life into which he entered with such spirit. It took them a whole week of travel through the snow before they reached Sutter's Fort. Here Mr. Boulieu left General Fremont's com- mand, although urged by the latter to return with him, and remained near Sacramento for two years and a half, then establishing a tannery at Sutter's Fort. Hides were bought at a nominal price, and the business was very successful. In connection with the tannery Mr. Boulieu kept a general store. During Fremont's operations in the conquest of California, in the Mexican War, he bought largely of the goods, leather, and merchandise of Mr. Boulieu, for which the latter has never been paid. Nearly all of his live stock was seized for use during the war, and for this loss he has as yet received no compensation. His bills against the government, amounting to $15,000, have never been allowed. Mr. Boulieu's services to the government of eleven months under Fremont, in the expedition of 1844, and under the "Bear Flag," entitled him to better usage. After living at Sutter's Fort for two years and a half, he moved to Santa Rosa, Sonoma Valley, where he remained eleven years. In 1856 he removed to the Willows and took possession of his present home. Here he owns 190 acres of as fine land as can be found in one body in Santa Clara County. Fifty acres are in fruit, of which twenty acres are set to prunes, five to apricots, four to peaches, and the "re- mainder furnishes a general variety of cherries, apples, pears, etc. The orchard is young but coming into bearing the present year (1888). He has devoted his time to general farming, grain-raising, etc. Mr. Boulieu owns a fine residence, which is surrounded by all the appurtenances of a well-conducted ranch. His first wife lived but two years after marriage and left one son, Oliver, who now lives at Santa Clara. His present wife, formerly Miss Elise Pinard, a native of Canada, he married in 1857. They have eleven children: Louis, Elise, Rosalie, Marie, Albert, Charles, Victor, Catherine, Adella, Theodore, and Lionell J. After an active life Mr. Boulieu is permitted to enjoy a hale and hearty old age, in his pleasant home, in the midst of prosperity, which he well deserves. ,EORGE LAUCK, proprietor of the Santa Clara ' Brewery, at Santa Clara, was born in Baden ■^p Germany, June 17, 1838, where he was reared as a farmer until his sixteenth year, when he came to America. On his arrival here he went to New Jer- sey, and until 1858 he worked as a farm hand near Newark. He then went to Galena, Illinois, where he learned brewing, at which he worked until the break- ing out of the Rebellion in 1861, when he enlisted as a private in Company F, Twelfth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served during the whole war, his regiment being among the first out and last to return. He was promoted from its ranks to the posi- tion of Corporal, then as Sergeant, and during the last two years of the war was Orderly Sergeant of his company. He, with his company and regiment, participated in the Battle of Corinth, siege of Atlanta, and in all the engagements in General Sherman's celebrated march through Georgia from Atlanta to the sea. His regiment, called the " Bandbox," was reputed for bravery and endurance, and as an officer. Sergeant Lauck was highly esteemed by his comrades. The writer of this sketch was informed by a comrade of Sergeant Lauck's that after the battle of Alla- toona, Georgia, he was ordered by the company com- mander to call the roll; but, as he looked along the line and saw the vacant places of the many comrades who had fallen, his heart failed him, and, with a tear coursing down his battle-smoke-begrimed face, he re- ported to the officer, "All present or accounted for," in faltering words, without calling the roll as ordered. He was discharged with his regiment at Springfield, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 283 Illinois, in the latter part of July, 1865. He then returned to Galena and resumed work as a brewer at the brewery, which he left when he enlisted in the Union army. There he worked until 1868, when he came to California. He first located at San Fran- cisco, where he worked in the National Brewery for five years, when, in 1873, he went to Castroville, Monte- rey County, California. There he purchased a brew- ery, and carried on brewing until 1870, when he closed it and came to Santa Clara, and purchased the Santa Clara Brewery, where he has carried on that business since. Mr. Lauck has proved himself a successful business man, and although he left his parents and native land a mere lad, and without money, to begin life for himself in a strange land, he saved his earn- ings, which have proved a stepping-stone to his busi- ness success and present prosperity. November 16, 1865, he was married, at Galena, Illi- nois, to Magdellena Eberhard, who died at Santa Clara, California, April 11, 1884. To them were born seven children: Julia C, Emma S., wife of Samuel Oberdeener, of Santa Clara, Mary Magdellena, George A., Frank, Clara, and Louisa. All his children, ex- cepting his married daughter, are still with him. IrANK F. JEWELL, D.D., was born November -'9, 1830, at Floyd, Oneida County, New York. T He is one of five children, and the only son of Erastus and Phenie (Miner) Jewell. He was reared on the farm and educated in the public schools and select academies until the age of eighteen years, when he began teaching in his native county. For nine years he taught, and during that time pursued farm- ing on his father's farm two years. After becoming of age he was elected to, and held, minor township offices, and in 1S55 was elected Justice of the Peace, holding that office by re-election four years, and dur- ing that time studied law. Before completing his law course he was converted and united with the Method- ist Episcopal Church at Orwell, Oswego County, New York, after which he abandoned the study of law and took up theology. In 1859 he was placed in charge of the church at Heuvelton, St. Lawrence County, New York, that being his first pastorate. He then filled consecutively the pulpits at Malone, Franklin County, Adams, Jefferson County, Ilion, Herkimer County, and Oswego city, New York. He was then, in 1872, transferred to the Howard Sireet Methodist Fpiscopal Church, San Fr^ncispo, California, filling that pulpit three years. In 1875 he was placed in charge of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, San Francisco, and in 1878 the Methodist Episcopal Church at San Jose, California. In 1881 he was re- turned to the Howard Street Church at San Fran- cisco, where he remained three years, when, in 1884, he founded the Simpson Memorial Church of San Fran- cisco, which was organized with a membership of only eighteen, and with no house of worship. The mem- bership at the end of his term in 1887 numbered about one hundred, and a church edifice, one of the finest in the city, had been erected, at a cost of $40,- 000. In September, 1887, he was returned to the pastorate of the First Methodist Episcopal Church at San Jose. Before coming to California, he, from 1868 to 1872, was Secretary of the Central New York Con- ference, and in 1872 was elected a delegate by that Conference to the General Conference at Brooklyn, New York, and in 1884 was sent by the California Conference as a delegate to the General Conference at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1874 the University of the Pacific conferred upon him the degree of D. D., being the first conferred upon any by that institution. In 1849 Mr. Jewell was married, at Orwell, New York, to Miss Charlotte M. Brooks, daughter of Charles and Fidelia (Strong) Brooks, of that place. Three children were born to them: Octavia S., wife of C. J. Moyes, died at San Francisco in 1882, aged thirty years; Oria H., late member of the San Fran- cisco Produce Exchange, died in San Francisco in 1884, aged thirty years; and Estella, wife of Thomas G. Walkington, a member of the San Francisco Prod uce Exchange, and a resident of that city. .»NDREW FINLEY McAFEE. The subject (^V>3 of this sketch was born in Garrard County, 'x" Kentucky, on March 22, 1836. When one year of age his parents removed to Platte County, Missouri, and took up Land, and in this vicinity Mr. McAfee resided until twenty-five years of age, -gathering a practical education from a busy life of labor, and o-leaning such book learning as is obtainable at the public schools. In 1863 he went to Leavenworth, Kansas, and for eight years was a master builder in the government employ. He then returned to Mis- souri, residing in Harrisonville, Cass County, where he erected a large public-school building and other important edifices. In 1874 Mr. McAfee came to California and at once entered the works of th§ 284 PEN PICTURES FRO 31 THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Pacific Manufacturing Connpany, in Santa Clara, as draughtsman and foreman of the worlcs. He has re- mained with them ever since, his slcill and practical experience as an architect and builder standing them in good stead. Mr. McAfee is a man of the times, one who has risen by sheer force of brains, and although without technical education has, by his natural aptitude for applied mechanics and the mechanical arts, arrived at a certainty of knowledge excelled by few. His long and satisfactory performance of his duties with the company, the efficient direction of the varied and ex- tended operation of the works, and his steady and persistent advancement of their best interests, manifest his fitness for positions of responsibility, and his abil- ity to manage extensive affairs. Mr. McAfee was married, in 1863, to Mrs. Paine, a native of Louisiana, whom he met while visiting Missouri. They have four children : Flora, Jesse, Mattie, and George Andrew, all residing with their parents at their handsome residence in the Davis and Chapman tract between San Jose and Santa Clara. Mr. McAfee was a member of the Town Council of Santa Clara for eight years, sending in his resignation on April i, 1888, on moving outside the town limits. He has also been a member of various county com- mittees, and has frequently been solicited to stand for ofifices in the election gift of his fellow-citizens, but has invariably refused, feeling that the calls of private duties and the engagements of business pre- cluded public service. He is a member of the Ma- sonic Order, holding an honorable place in Friendship Lodge, No. 210, Howard Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M., and San Jose Commandery, No. 10, Knights Temp- lars, and also a member in good standing of the A. O. U. W. Mr. McAfee's father was named George, a mechanic and practical man. His grand- father and his two brothers came out from Scotland and accompanied General Boone into Kentucky when it was a wilderness, being pioneers of that State. His mother was of English descent. Both his parents died in extreme old age in Missouri. BEORGE WASHINGTON TOWLE was born " in the town of Newfield, Maine, November 15, 1 8 10. His father was Major Josiah Towle, a native of New Hampshire, and was one of the early settlers of that portion of the then Province of Maine. He was a successful business man and rep- resented his town in the Legislature of Massachusetts, at Boston. He v^as twice married, his second wife being Miss Nancy Doe, a daughter of a prosperous farmer of Parsonfield, Maine. George Washington was the first-born son of his mother. He received a common-school education, supplemented by a few terms in academies at Fryeburg and Effingham. At twenty years of age he engaged in business as a mer- chant at Lincoln, Penobscot County, Maine, and gave his personal attention to the business until the fall of 1839. Owing to the disagreement of the commissioners appointed by the United States and Great Britain to locate the boundary line between Maine and New Brunswick, there was for a long time a heavily tim- bered tract of wild land larger than several of the States, called the disputed territory. This land was drained by rivers flowing into the Province, and the valuable pine timber was each winter taken off by the people of the Province. This state of facts was rep- resented to the general government, and the necessity of the settlement of the boundary urged, but without effect. Maine finally resolved to protect her property, and in January, 1839, the Legislature passed an act instructing the State Land Agent and Sheriff of Penobscot County to raise an armed force of 300 men and take possession of the territory and arrest all persons found trespassing there. He was asked to raise a company, and in February of that year led his company 100 or more miles into the disputed territory. This act of Maine caused a great excitement in the Province, and the British troops quartered there were ordered to proceed to the disputed ground, and the governor' of Maine ordered out the militia. In the meantime the volunteers were re-inforced and moved down the Aroostook River some seventy-five miles and took a position on a hill that commanded the line as claimed by Maine and the Aroostook River. Upon this hill they built a block-house of heavy timbers and surrounded it with palisades, and named it Fort Fairfield. While this was in progress General Scott was sent by the general government on a mis- sion of peace to the Province, and succeeded in pre- venting bloodshed. On the arrival of the militia the volunteers were dismissed, and he returned to his business. In the fall of 1839 he was asked to take charge of this post in a half civil and half military capacity, as assistant land agent and captain, and with some forty men he took charge of the fort. That winter he arrested the proprietors and confiscated the teams of some half dozen large camps of trespassers. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 285 which discouraged any further attempts of the kind- He remained there until 1841, when lie resigned, and soon afterward the place was occupied by United States troops. He then went into business at Presque Isle as farmer, lumberman, and merchant. In the spring of 1849 he closed his business there, moved to Bangor, and became connected with a joint-stock company that purchased and loaded a vessel, and sailed for Cal- ifornia November i, 1849, as President of the com- pany, arriving in April, 1850. He and a few others went to the mines of the Yuba and Feather Rivers. Owing to sickness he left mining and went into busi- ness in Marysville, as furniture manufacturer and hotel-keeper. He left there in 1852, and for a short time engaged in the commission business and keeping a boarding and lodging house in San Francisco. Fie sold out there and came to Santa Clara and purchased the land where he now lives. In early life he was a Democrat, and was elected by the Legislature of Maine a member of the Governor's Council from the Seventh District, and served one term. In 1856 he took an active part in the organization of the Republican party in this county, and remains a Republican. In 1834 he was married, in Penobscot County, to Miss Hephziba Flint Watson, a native of that county and a descendant of the Flint family, prominent in that State, and a daughter of Rev. Edmond Watson, of Penobscot County. Both are members of the Presbyterian Church. They have two living chil- dren: Charles B., a teacher at Vallejo, California, and George W., Jr., an attorney of San Francisco. They lost four children: Helen Mar, who died April 12, 1855, aged eighteen years; Julia Katie, October 20, 1857, aged twelve years; Edwin Henry, October 30, 1857, aged eighteen years; and Elisha A., November 19, 1861, aged twenty years. fAMUEL OBERDEENER, druggist of Santa Clara, was born at San Francisco, California, Sep- 't tember 14, 1859. His father, Moses Oberdeener, deceased, was a prominent druggist and prosperous business man at Santa Clara for a number of years. Samuel removed with his father's family from San Francisco to Santa Clara when he was eleven years of age. At the age of fourteen he graduated at the Santa Clara High School with the class of 1874. He then entered his father's drug-store as a clerk, at Santa Clara, to learn the drug business. In 1879 he entered the Department of Pharmacy in the State University of California, at San Francisco, at which he graduated with honor in 1880, receiving the gold medal awarded for his high standing in his class. Returning to Santa Clara, he clerked in his father's drug-store until September i, 1882, ^^■hen he became his father's successor by purchase. Politically, he is a Republican. In 1888 he re- ceived the unanimous vote for member of the Board of School Directors for the town of Santa Clara. He is an Odd Fellow, and holds a membership in Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F., of which he is Past Grand. He is also a member of Santa Clara Encampment, No. 32, I. O. O. F., of which he is Past Chief Patriarch and Treasurer. In 1887 he was ap- pointed, by the Grand Encampment of the State of California, District Deputy Grand Patriarch for the Thirteenth District of the State of California. April 25, 1887, he was married at Santa Clara to Miss Emma Lauck, daughter of George and Mag- dellena Lauck, of Santa Clara. pNTONIO FATJO is a native of Spain, and was ^rfe born in 1828, at Barcelona. He is the fourth son of John and Madsona (Ravvento) Fatjo. In his fifteenth year, after being educated in the classic school of Barcelona, he was sent to South America under the care of Dr. Noguera, on a tour for his health. His ancestors were of an old and wealthy family of Spain, and under the primogeniture laws he, being the fourth son, would inherit nothing from his father's estate. Knowing this, young Fatjo, on reaching Santiago, Chili, informally left his traveling- companion, when a merchant of that city came on board the vessel, inquiring for educated young Span- iards who would make good clerks. He was em- ployed as a clerk in the wholesale dry-goods house of Infanta Bros., of Santiago. In Chili young men of old Spanish families are sought after to be em- ployed as mercantile clerks, and the father of young P'atjo being prominently known he easily obtained the situation, when he abandoned the voyage pro- posed by his father. He remained with Infanta Bros., at Santiago, for six years, when, in 1849, hearing of the fabulous gold finds in California, and crazed by the reports, he conceived the uncontrollable desire to visit those rich fields, and, asking for a leave of absence, he 286 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." left his place behind the counter, never to resume work again in Santiago. He came to Santa Clara, where he met Joseph Argues, with whom he became associated, and with whom he was connected in busi- ness many years, dealing in cattle and carrying on mercantile business in Santa Clara. At Santiago, Chili, in 1847, he was married to M. Salcedo, who died at Barcelona, Spain, in 1865, and by whom he had five children : Antonio, Amelia, John, Clorinda, and Luis. Twice Mr. Fatjo has been obliged, on account of failing health, to visit Spain, the first time spending only a few months, but at another twelve years, his sons who were associated with him still carrying on the mercantile business at Santa Clara. He married his second wife, Mrs. Raventos, in Santiago, Chili, in 1877. He and his family are Catholics and members of the Catholic Church at Santa Clara. Mr. Fatjo has had an active business life, and suc- cess has crowned his efforts, and now, having his sons, who are still connected with him, to bear the burden of business pursuits, he has in a measure retired, and is peacefully and happily spending the declining years of his life in the enjoyment of his children and grandchildren, blessed with all that makes home pleasant and life happy. kS^-^-« ||aCOB EBERHARD, proprietor of the Santa ^ Clara Tannery, at Santa Clara, is prominently ^ known, not only in California, but also in many of the large islands of the Pacific and the various States where the products of his extensive tannery find a market. He was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Ger- many, in 1837, and brought to America by his par- ents, Michael and Magdellena (Soth) Eberhard, when he was fifteen years of age, they settling at Galena, Illinois, where young Eberhard learned the trade of harness and saddle making. He afterward traveled through Wisconsin, working at his trade as a journey- man until 1858, when in March of that year he came to California via Panama. Here he was variously employed at his trade, or as a farm hand, or a miner in the gold diggings, until 1862, when he opened a harness shop in Sacramento, carrying on that busi- ness there until 1865, when he came to Santa Clara and purchased the tannery that was founded in 1848, and engaged in tanning all kinds of leather for the markets. Beginning on a small scale, he has in- creased its capacity to the largest of the kind in the State, requiring seventy men to perform the labors in its various departments. Mr. Eberhard is a plain, unostentatious man, who from an indigent journeyman harness-maker, has, by his industry, frugality, and good judgment, raised himself to the plane of California's leading manu- facturers. I-Iis leathers, from the finest Moroccos to the heaviest sole-leather, are found in the marts of North and South America, the islands of the oceans, and of Europe. In the community in which he lives he is highly esteemed for his integrity and benevo- lence. He is a member of no church, but is a mem- ber of True Fellowship Lodge, No. 238, I. O. O. F., of Santa Clara. In 1864 he was married, at Santa Clara, to Mary Glein, a resident of that village. To them were born ten children, all of whom are still with them. C. BRIGGS, D. D., is a native of Rome, Oneida County, New York. His parents were both "e^ teachers in their youth, and his father was a soldier in the War of 1812. After the war vi'as over his attention was turned to farming, and he lived to the ripe old age of ninety-two years. A year after the birth of M. C. Briggs his parents removed to Martinsburg, Lewis County, New York, where they remained until he was eight years of age, when they emigrated to Ohio and settled at Concord, in what is now Lake County. There he worked as a farmer's boy, and attended the district school in the winter. At that time he was bashful, awkward, sensitive to a fault, read such books as children rarely read nowa- days (because he had access to no others), studied during odd half-hours, and often at night till one o'clock, until the door of a high school . providen- tially was opened to him. Owing to his father's mis- fortunes, he was dependent on his own resources throughout his course of education, both classical and theological. During a stay of a year and a half in Tennessee, license was given him to preach. The kindness re- ceived everywhere in the South greatly endeared its people to him, although he abhorred the institution of slavery in all its forms. Returning North, he preached for a time in the Erie Conference, then went to the Biblical Institute (now the Biblical School of the Boston University) at Concord, New Hamp- shire, Graduating in June, 1850, he was appointed BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 287 by Bishop Morris, as a missionary to California, and sailed from New York September 9, on the steamer which brought the news of the admission of Cali- fornia as a free State. October 17, 1850, with Rev. S. D. and Mrs. Simonds and others, he landed on Long Wharf, in San Francisco. On October 10, in the following year, the California Christian Advocate issued its first number, M. C. Briggs and S. D. Si- monds editors. Months previous to sustaining this relation, a circular came into his hands from some unknown source, the exposure of which, by the Ad- vocate, brought on a protracted and angry contro- versy. As he was forced into a very active and long- continued participation in this controversy, it may not be amiss to give a brief outline of the history of events. Previous to the calling of a convention to form a constitution, an opinion prevailed that California was a country in which to get gold to spend elsewhere. Few had learned to regard it as a land of vast re- sources, and eminently desirable as a place of resi- dence. Hence the slavery question was not brought to the front, and some wise men inserted an, anti- slavery clause into the fundamental law. Before the admission of the State, which occurred, after a long and excited debate, September 7, 1850, the general view had greatly changed, and the " chivalry" ele- ment in our society was much chagrined at its over- sight, and Southern Members of Congress interposed every obstacle to the admission of the State. In 1851 a meeting of pro-slavery politicians convened at Wilmington, North Carolina, to devise means of re- pairing the fancied loss and restoring the balance be- tween the free and the slave States. Three expedients were agreed upon to be tried in succession. The papers outlining the scheme were so carefully dis- tributed that Mr. Briggs knew but one besides him- self, other than the known friends of the undertaking, who received a copy. This paper Mr. Briggs held quietly for a considerable time, closely observing the movements of the parties, to satisfy himself whether an attempt at carrying the scheme into effect would really be made. Being convinced that it would, he exposed the plan in an editorial, January 21, 1852. Many old Californians will remember the surprise and rage resulting. Forced into a prominence he would have gladly resigned, and impelled by a con- viction of duty which he dared not disregard, he joined with a few brave men, lectured in many parts of the State, had his life threatened many times, and sincerely thanked the Lord when a changed condition of popular sentiment left him free to retire from an arena for which he had neither taste nor ambition. Dr. Briggs is an earnest worker in the temperance cause. fpHN ALFRED NACE was born at Hampstead, ■ Carroll County, Maryland, in 1832, where he "^ was raised. His parents were Peter and Susan (Hoover) Nace. His mother dying when he was only four years of age, he was taken by his uncle, Daniel Hoover. He was educated in the grammar school of Hampstead, and lived with his uncle until he was eighteen years of age, when he was appren- ticed to learn the trade of millwright, serving a term of three years.. He worked at that trade in Carroll and Harford Counties, Maryland, three years, and during the winter months, when the weather would not permit him to work at his trade, he taught school, teaching seven terms in the counties of Carroll and Harford, Maryland, and York, Pennsylvania. In 1857 he discontinued work as a millwright, and engaged in hotel-keeping at Abingdon, Maryland, until i860, when he was employed to travel for the publishing house of Virtue & Yorston, of London, England, and New York city, with headquarters at New York city. In 1864 he was promoted by the same house to general agent, and was located at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and in 1866 they made him Superintendent of all the American agencies. In 1868 he resigned that position to accept a general agency from the same company on the Pacific, with his headquarters at San Francisco, where he was en- gaged in the general book business until 1870, when, resigning his position on account of ill health, he came to Santa Clara, where he engaged in dealing in books and stationery, and in 1872 added a job printing-office to his business, which he still carries on. In 1878 he accepted the agency of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s express office at Santa Clara, and at the same time was made manager of the Western Union Telegraph of- fice at the same place. During 1882 and 1883 he edited and published the Santa California in the summer of 1852. Locating first at Placerville, he worked in the gold diggings till the fall of 1854, when he went to San Francisco and worked at his trade, that of mason and plasterer; and, making that city his headquar- ters, he worked there and prospected through the State, until 1861, when, tiring of roaming over the State, he permanently located at Santa Clara, and en- gaged in contracting as a plasterer and mason. Mr. Beck was born in Franklin County, Pennsyl- vania, July 4, 1830. He is a son of Henry and Mar- garet (Gordon) Beck. When he was eight years of age hii parents removed to Licking County, Ohio. He lived with them there, and afterward in Randolph County, Illinois, until he was sixteen, when he went to St. Louis, Missouri, to learn the trade of plasterer, and mason, serving an apprenticeship of three years; and he worked there until he crossed the plains for California. He secured only a common-school edu- cation. In June, 1866, he was married, at Santa Clara, to Nina B. Diamond, of New York. They have two living children: Myrtie A., a student, attending the California State Normal School at San Jose, and Harry M., a clerk in the stationery department of the Bancroft Publishing House at San Francisco. Mr. Beck is very unassuming in his ways, but yet a thoroughgoing and reliable business man, and is popular as a master mechanic and contractor. He takes pride in educating his children and fitting them for usefulness in life. Although not a church mem- ber, he is an attendant of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while his wife is a member of the Baptist Church. Politically he is a Republican. NOCH NEEL PINKARD is a native of North Carolina, being born in Surry County, that State, in 1821. When eleven years of age, he was taken by his widowed mother to Georgia, where he lived with her, in Jackson County, until he was sixteen, when he went to Marion County and began to operate for himself by working on planta- tions. In 1839 he went to the State of Mississippi, where he was employed as an overseer on a plantation in De Soto County. In 1840, in company with his brother, he went to Monroe County, Arkansas, where he suffered from sickness. He then returned to Mis- sissippi. Having no schooling, up to that time, and concluding that it was necessary to have something of an education, he attended school in De Soto County for ten months. Pie then went to Texas, and was again employed as an overseer over some negro slave-s until 1849, when, buying a plantation, he followed farming until 1853, and finding there was no money a^ c=j. 7/^^ S'l^^x. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 289 in that business there, he sold out and came to Cali- fornia. Here for a short time he worked in gold dig- gings in Yuba County, when he went to Brown's dig- gings in thi mountains in Plumas County, in search of his brother, who had preceded him to California, in 1850, On finding his brother he became associated with him in gold digging there and at Spanish Flat, in Sierra County, until 1862, when he quit mining and came to Santa Clara County, accompanied by his brother. Having purchased land near Saratoga, he lived there and farmed until 1882, when, purchasing a pleasant home in Santa Clara, he settled there to spend the residue of liis life, having prudently saved up enough to enable him and his devoted wife to peacefully pass life's closing days within the shadow of the church of which they are both consistent mem- bers, both being Catholics. Up to June, 1864, Mr. Pinkard had lived the life of a bachelor, and a greater part of that time his home was a bachelor's hall; but at that date he was married, at Santa Clara, to Catherine Davis, a native of Ire- land, a devout Catholic and a good wife, as can be seen in the arrangement of their pleasant home. Orphaned at the age of only four years, and reared by a widowed mother until he was sixteen, young Pinkard had to buffet the world for a living at a tender age, and, manfully meeting the vicissitudes of life, he passed from youth to manhood without suc- cumbing to the snares and temptations of the world, as many youths have in more favorable circumstances; and, having passed a vigorous middle age, he is now in the sear and yellow leaf of old age, the happier for his frugality and industry, and will undoubtedly pass the rest of his days in quietude and peace. jLBERT N. van fleet was born in Wood- ^f^ ville, Mis.sissippi, May 7, 1846. His parents were Martin and Elizabeth (Jones) Van Fleet, the former a native of Schenectady County, New York, and the latter of South Carolina. The VaTi Fleet family descended from the Holland Dutch. James Van Fleet, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, came from Holland and settled at New Amsterdam, now New York. Martin, when twenty- two years old, went to Louisiana and from there to \lississippi, where he married, his wife having been a widow and the owner of a sugar and cotton plantation of 3,000 acres. They afterward moved back to Louis- 37 iana and located in New Orleans, where they lived five years, when they moved to Livingston County, Illinois, remaining there five years. Mrs. Van Fleet died there in 1859, and the next year Mr. Van Fleet moved to Seneca County, Ohio, where he lived three years. He was married again in Ohio, to Mrs. Har- riet (Parks) Burrows, and in February, 1863, came to California and settled in West Butte, Sutter County, where he died in 1869. Albert N. was educated in Republic, Ohio, and at Hesperian College at Wood- land, California. During his attendance at college he taught school for four years to defray his college ex- penses. He was married August 5, 1865, to Elizabeth Harling, a native of Monroe County, Kentucky. After his marriage he settled in Yuba County^ where he lived eighteen years on his ranch of 400 acres. In October, 1883, he came to Santa Clara County, and the next, year sold his farm in Yuba County and bought his place of forty-five acres on Fruit Vale Avenue, between Los Gatos and Saratoga. Mr. and Mrs. Van Fleet have two children: Allen A. and Nora E., the latter the wife of William Buck- nail, a resident of this valley. Mr. Van Fleet engaged in fruit-drying in 1884, and the enterprise under his management has been very successful. Extensive improvements have been made each year, the results of 1887 showing a marked in- crease over the previous year, the drying and packing season of that year lasting about four months. For thirty days during the season he dried thirty tons of fruit per day! Mr. Van Fleet employed, in drying this large amount of fruit, two large evaporators of the T. C. Walter manufacture, from fifty to one hun- dred hands being employed in this work, all white labor. He is very particular in the handling of his fruit, and gives this department his personal supervis- ion. The brand of his fruit is styled the " Fairview Farm," which readily finds sale in this and Eastern markets. On his own ranch Mr. Van Fleet has six acres of silver prunes five years old, twelve acres in French prunes and the rest in other kinds of prunes and peaches. 'RS. LOUISA FINE, relict of the late Morgan Fine, came with her husband to California in "^3^ 1849, and, after a long and tedious trip over the plains, located in the beautiful valley of Santa Clara. She was born in Washington, D. C, January 15, 1809, but when about three years of age she was taken by her parents, Richard and Eleanor (Alandger) 290 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Belt, to Garrard County, Kentucky, where she was reared, and where in 1826 she was married to Mauzy Porter, who died in 1828, by whom she had two sons, both deceased. In 1830 she removed with her father's family to Lafayette County, Missouri, where, in 1834, she was married to Morgan Fine, with whom in April, 1849, she started for California in pursuit of health, traveling three months in a caravansary of canvas-covered wagons drawn by ox teams. They located on a tract of government land containing r6o acres in Santa Clara County, and theirs was the first house built between San Jose and Santa Clara, on or near the Alameda, it being a rude structure built of boards split out with a frow, and in which they lived until they provided a better house years after. Im- proving this land, they lived together on it until the death of Mr. Fine, July 17, 1879, at the age of sev- enty-nine years. They have four sons and two daughters: Leagara B., of Santa Ana, California; Alexander C, of Santa Cruz County, California; Andrew, a physician of Oakland, California; Maria, wife of Geo. T. Ritch, of Sacramento, this State; Amanda W., wife of J. J. McDaniels, of Santa Clara; and John, who is still with her at Santa Clara. In his youth Mr. Fine became a member of the Christian Church, and through life was a consistent Christian. At the building of the University of the Pacific, at San Jose, although under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he contributed to it of his means and aided it by his influence. His daughter, Mrs. McDaniels, was one of its first gradu- ates. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Fine remained on the farm until 1882, when she sold it and became a resident of Santa Clara, with the intention of spend- ing the closing days of her life there. In her girl- hood she united with the Christian Church in Ken- tucky, and she is now a member of the church at Santa Clara, being a member of the same denomina- tion for sixty years. ^->^Hg-g44.-.- ^OHN HETTY, a member of the Board of Trus- &1 tees of Santa Clara, and a mechanic, was born in ^ Baden, Germany, in 1822. By the death of both his parents he was obliged when quite young to pro- vide for himself At the age of fifteen he emigrated to America, locating at Sandusky City, Ohio, where he became apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade, serving two years. He followed his trade at San- dusky twelve years, when, in the fall of 1849, he went to New York city and took passage on the sailing ship Powhattan for San P'rancisco. On account of the vessel receiving an injury, it was 228 days in making the voyage, arriving at San Francisco July 29, 1850. It was detained forty days at St. George, one of the Bermuda Islands, for repairs, and several days before reaching the island, passengers and crew were obliged to work the pumps to keep the ship from sinking. At San Francisco he, with others, purchased a small vessel, called a whale-boat, in which they went to Marys viUe, selling the boat at the end of the voyage. They mined in the gold diggings near Marysville, where he remained until 1854, when he came to Santa Clara and permanently located. In i860 he was married, at Santa Clara, to Miss Margaret Groh, by whom he has four children: Louis B., an electrician and bell-hanger of San Francisco; Lucy D., a teacher in the Santa Clara public school; Mamie, still at home; and Julius, in business as elec- trician with his brother Louis at San Francisco. By a former wife, deceased, he had two children: Mrs. Emma Sassenrath, of Santa Clara, and Charles, a farmer of Colusa County. He is a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F., and of Santa Clara Encampment, No. 32, I. O. O. F., and has passed the chairs in both. He has been a representative in both the Grand Lodge and Grand Encampment of the State of California, and also attended the Sovereign Grand Lodge held at San Francisco in 1869. Politically, he is a Repub- lican. He has been four times elected a member of the Board of Trustees of Santa Clara, having served seven years, and at this writing is serving an unex- pired term. f^EOPOLD DAHLSTROM,a foreman machinist ,^ in the machinist department of the Pacific Man- T ufacturing Co. of Santa Clara, was born at the village of Trolhatan, Sweden, June 4, 1843. His parents were Lars Magnus Johnson (a sea captain) and F"redericka Louisa (Muller) Johnson. Plis father dying when he was very young, his mother was mar- ried to Arvid Dahlstrom, whose name he bears. Thrown upon his own resources at the age of nine years, and remote from any school, he had no school- ing advantages. At the age of twelve years he began to learn the trade of blacksmithing at a country place in Sweden known as Jadersfors, and worked there BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 291 until he was nineteen. He then went to Red Rock, in Gotta Elf, Sweden, where lie worked two years in the shop of an uncle, and while with him attended evening school, and with that and private study he obtained a fair education. On gaining his majority, in 1864, he went on a sea voyage to England, making a three months' cruise, after which he went to Gotten- berg, Sweden, where he worked as a machinist in the railroad shops for several months. He then went to Stockholm, Sweden, and worked nearly a year; re- turned to Gottenberg, and worked nearly a year; then went to the village of Leila Edet, where he opened a shop of his own and carried on blacksmith- ing and machine work until 1871, when he emigrated to America, landing at Castle Garden, New York, June 2, 1 87 1. From there he went to Moline, Illi- nois, where he was employed as a machinist in John Deere's Plow Works till October, 1882, when he was employed by Messrs. Mattison & Williamson, to come to California and work in their shop at Stockton as fore- man, and was so employed thereuntil September, 1884, when he came to Santa Clara and purchased eighteen acres of land near Santa Clara, which is now a profit- able fruit ranch, where he enjoys the happiness and comforts of a pleasant home, the product of his own earnings. The special varieties of fruit that he grows are the apricot and prune. With his fruit culture, he is also foreman in the machine department of the Pacific Manufacturing Company of Santa Clara, a position that he is well qualified to fill. May I, 1868, he was married, at Gottenberg, Sweden, to Miss Nellie Christina Nelson, by whom he has six children: Mrs. Matilda Anderson, of Golden City, Colorado; Mary Lois, Annie, Charles Leopold, Oscar Frederick, and George James. All of their children are still with them excepting the married daughter. He is a member of Charity Lodge, No. 6> L O. O. F., of Stockton, California. ^^^— ^ °RS. AVELINE CHANDLER is the relict of - Isaac Chandler, late of Santa Clara, who located in 1849 on land that is now the site of that vil- He was of English ancestry. His father, Reu- ben, and two uncles, Zachariah and Isaac Chandler, were among the Pilgrim Fathers who landed from the Mayflower on Plymouth Rock. He was born in Con- cord, Vermont, in 1788, where he was reared. When twenty-four years of age he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in the mercantile business until 1830, when he removed to Jacksonville, Illinois, where he was in business until he came to California in 1849. When he located in Santa Clara, he was for a number of years engaged in hotel-keeping, and accumulated considerable property in Santa CJara, and also at Half-Moon Bay, and on the Santa Cruz Mountains. He died at Santa Clara, September, 1872. Mrs. Chandler, nee Aveline Austin, is the daughter of Owen and Sarah (Camron) Austin. She was born at Harris- burg, Pennsylvania, but was reared in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Newport, Kentucky. She was married in Cincinnati, in 1824, where she lived with her husband and reared a large family. In 1853 she endured all the hardships incident to traveling over the plains, to join her husband in California, who had preceded her four years. Mrs. Chandler is one of the noblest of women, whose many friends extol her for her inesti- mable qualities. Her Christian fortitude has borne her up when tried with trouble. Of her eleven chil- dren, nine grew to maturity, and two died in infancy. Those living are: Mrs. Martha A. Whittle,ofSantaCruz, California; Mrs. Emmarilla T.Jenkins, of Santa Clara; William A. ; Mrs. Susannah J. Morgan, of Santa Cruz; Mrs. Mary L. Wilson, of Los Angeles; and Mrs. Julia C. Hicks, of Santa Clara. John L. died at Santa Clara, February 3, 1864, aged twenty-seven years; Eliza, wife of B. F. Whipple, died at the same place, January 5, 1875, aged forty-four years; and Albert D., at Menlo Park, September 18, 1879, aged thirty-two years. Mrs. Chandler is a member of the Santa Clara Methodist Episcopal Church. M^ENRY FRANCIS CARPENTER, M. D., was ^■#1^ born at Douglas, Massachusetts, in 1833. When "ivT seventeen years of age he went with his parents, Seba and Malinda (Learned) Carpenter, to Wor- cester, Massachusetts, where he lived with them until manhood. He completed his education in the Wor- cester High School in 1854, and in 1856 he entered upon the Christian ministry as a minister of the Ad- vent Christian Church at Worcester, being ordained at the Wilbraham camp-meeting, Rev. Edward Bur- ham officiating, assisted by Revs. H. L. Hastings and S. G. Matthewson. At different times he officiated as pastor at Barry, New York, Danielsonville, Connec- ticut, Poultney, Rutland, and North Springfield, Ver- mont, and Fitchburg, Massachusetts. In 1875 he came to California and accepted the pastorate of the Advent Christian Church at Vallejo, where he officiated until 292 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 1879, when he came to Santa Clara, and engaged in the practice of medicine as a homeopathic physician, he having studied medicine while pursuing his minis- terial labors, and secured a diploma from the Cali- fornia State Medical Examiners in-i876. The doctor has built up a paying practice, and, besides, he is also editor of Messiah's Advocate and Herald of his Ad- vent, published at Oakland. He became its proprie- tor and editor in 1881, and in 1885 he transferred it to the Pacific Advent Christian Publication Society, he being retained as editor. Although of a very frail constitution, he is an inveterate worker, and is con- stantly engaged either as editor, physician, or minis- ter. Politically, he is a Prohibitionist. October 29, 1856, he was married, at Worcester, Massachusetts, to Susie A. Vose, of East Princeton, Massachusetts. They have two children: Mrs. Lizzie Frances Downs, of Tustin, California; and Mrs. Anna Martha Worse, of the vicinity of Santa Clara, Cali- fornia. OHN KNOWLES was born at Carlisle, in the north of England, August 2, 1832. His parents, '4^ Thomas and Sarah (Iveison) Knowles, emigrated to America with their family in 1841. They remained at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where they landed, until 1842, when they removed to Salem, Henry County, Iowa. His father dying when he was quite young, he was obliged to assist his widowed mother in maintaining her family, and consequently he re- ceived only a limited education. Thinking that he could earn more money by coming to California, and be better enabled to assist his mother, he, in the spring of 1852, made arrangements to accompany a neighbor by the name of Henry Brown, for whom he was to drive an ox team across the plains, thereby paying the expense of the trip. They arrived in August at a place between Sacramento and Stock- ton, where they camped. After working for Mr. Brown several weeks, putting up hay, and receiving no pay, as he supposed he would, he, nearly destitute of clothing and without a cent of money, started for Sacramento, where he accidentally met an old friend and school-mate, Jackson Ong, by whose assistance he obtained board and lodging until he found employ- ment at chopping wood by the cord on the banks of the Sacramento River a few miles from the city. Being eager to earn money so as to go to the gold diggings, he over-did and was laid up some two or three weeks by sickness, and only a part of his hard earnings were ever received; so, after recovering, he was again penniless; but, fortunately meeting with Enos Mendenhall, a friend from the East, he was em- ployed to drive a freight team, by which, within a month, he procured money enough to carry out his purpose of going to the gold diggings. Pie went to Doty's Flat, in Calaveras County, where he was em- ployed at $4.00 per day, and during the following winter he sent his mother $250. In the spring of 1853 he went to Sierra County, where he successfully mined on a large scale for nearly si.xtecn years, up to 1868, at the diggings of Pine Grove and Plowland Flat. In i860 he made a visit East, and returning he brought his mother and family with him. In 1879 he engaged in the grocery business at Santa Clara, and still carries on a successful business in that place. He is an Odd Fellow, being a member of True Fel- lowship Lodge, No. 238, I. O. O. F., of Santa Clara. January 22, 1863, when on a second visit East, he was married, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, to Amanda Pepper, a daughter of John Pepper, of that place. Before going for his bride, he had provided a well- furnished home and a ranch near Santa Clara, which he still owns. They have three children: Oliver J., a farmer in San Luis Obispo County; Fannie S., and Nettie, still with them; the former daughter is a grad- uate of the High School of Santa Clara, with the class of 1885. H. DAVIES, the subject of this sketch, was • born in Sidney, Kennebec County, Maine, June 6, 1825. His father, Charles S. Davies, Esq., was a graduate of Dartmouth College, and a well-to-do farmer, who had seven children, all Republican sons, five older than E. H., and one younger. All were thorough mechanics, but all took their turn at farming until they were large enough to launch out in the world for themselves. At the age of nineteen he went to Bostm, where he hired out to Messrs. Fuller & Son, bell-hangers. No. 17 Devonshire Street, at $13 and board per month. This gave Mr. Davies a good opportunity of seeing all parts of the " Hub," and also of seeing the interior of some of the finest dwellings, hotels, and steamships, of which he took advantage. In 1845 he returned to Maine^ and with his brother Alonzo engaged in manufactur- ing fancy .sleighs and buggies. At this he worked until 1850, with fair succes.s, but thinking a change of climate might do him good, he started for Kenosha, Wisconsin, going to Buffalo by rail, and from there to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 293 Kenosha by way of the Great Lakes, on the steamer Empire, which consumed four and a half days' time. He was there employed in his brother Joshua's ma- chine shop for one year, and then started for Maine, by way of Chicago. When he readied Chicago, being pleased with the appearance of the city, he thought he would remain and seek employment. The first place he entered was the machine shop of P. W. Gates, situated on Canal Street. When Mr. Davics asked for a situation, Mr. Gates inquired what kind of work he wanted to do. Mr. Davies replied that it made but little difference. "Ah !" said Mr. Gates, in a sarcastic way, " I presume you are a jack of all trades and good at none; we don't want you, sir." Mr. Davies thought he would make one more trial before leaving Chicago, and the next place he tried was the extensive machine shop of Messrs. H. H. Scoville & Sons, situated on Canal Street, near Mr. Gates'. Here Mr. Davies was very particular to state the kind of work he wanted. Mr. Scoville, the fore- man, asked him if he could run a tennoning machine, to which he replied that he did not know, as he never had run one. Mr. Scoville looked him in the eye and said, " I know you can; you look as though you could run anything; you can go to work at once." He re- mained there eighteen months, and was quite a favorite in the shop, no one getting higher pay than he. In 1852 he returned to Maine, and engaged in his old business, that of carriage-making. In February, 1853, he, with H. A. Bachelder, S. S. Sargent, Henry Hatch, and Nathan Jordan, all of Oakland, Maine, and about a hundred other Yankees, took passage on board the ship Plymouth Rock, at Boston, bound for Melbourne, Australia, arriving there in eighty-eight days, being the quickest passage that had ever been made from Boston to Australia, by any craft whatever. After arriving at Melbourne, Mr. Davies, with his party of four, pitched their tent in Canvastown, which is on the opposite side of the Yarror River. They were compelled to stay for five days before their tools and provisions, which weighed several tons, could be taken from the ship. After selling a part of their provisions, and storing several trunks of clothing and notions, they hired a two-horse dray, and went to the "Mclvor" diggings, a distance of 100 miles, making the journey in eight days. There the diggings were poor, and Mr. Davies con- cluded to let the rest of his party dig while he was making candles, filing saws, half-soling boots, and keeping boarding-house. After a few months' stay, they hired another dray, and went to the " Bendigo " diggings, which were eighty miles distant, and which were better than the " Mclvor." However, the stay here also was short. Mr. Davies, not wishing to hire another team to move their belongings, concluded to build a hand-cart, which, when finished, weighed no pounds, and on it was placed some 500 pounds of tools and provisions, and the party of five made a start for the famous "Ballarat" diggings, distant 225 miles, which was accomplished in ten days, in just half the time traveled by horses. Here the diggings were rich, and the party did well. The gold, which was coarse, wag put in large-mouthed pickle-bottles. Mr. Davies sent his gold to Philadelphia and had it coined, which averaged $21.30 per ounce, after paying for coining. After about one year's tarry in Aus- tralia, the startling news that enormously rich gold diggings had been discovered on the Amazon River was received. He at once, with his party of four, shipped on board the vessel Sac Susa, bound for Callao, South America. On arriving in Callao, he found the report was untrue, and he therefore took up his quarters at Lima for a few weeks. While in Lima he was offered $7.00 and board per day at "some mechanical work;" this not being quite definite enough, he declined the offer. Soon after leaving Lima, he found that the " some mechanical work " was to make counterfeit money, for which the instigator was brought to justice. From Callao, Mr. Davies shipped on board the steamer Santiago, bound for Panama, at which place he got employment, making specie boxes. After three weeks' stay at Panama, he embarked on the steamer /£7/^« L. Stevens, bound for San Francisco, California, arriving there in May, 1854. Determining to have a trial at mining, he went directly to the mines in Tuolumne County, but it did not take him long to find that California mining was not his forte, and he shortly afterward returned to San Francisco. In the fall of 1854 he ran the first threshing-machine ever made in California. During the year 1855 he put up a starch factory in the foot-hills in the vicinity of San Leandro, after which he worked on the Dow distillery at Mission Dolores, on Mission Creek, where he set up the engine; he was seven months at this work, for which he received $5.00 per day and board. He then went to Sacramento, where he worked three months in the Sacramento Iron Works, being there at the time the steamer Pearl blew up, near Sacra- mento, killing seventy-six persons I While in Sacra- mento the sash and door factory of Mr. Ames, situated ■ on Market Street, San Francisco, was destroyed by fire; in this factory Mr. Davies had worked, and at 294 PEN PICTURES FROM TPIE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." the time of the fire had his keepsakes, specimens, sketch-books, and extra clothes stored, all of which were lost. Mr. Davies has been somewhat of a traveler, having been over the Isthmus twice, across the continent four times, and having traveled the entire circumference of the earth once. During his travels in foreign lands, he has never been idle. Being somewhat of an artist, he has made sketches of numerous places and things. Conspicuous among these sketches are some of the native trees of Australia, such as the gum, box, iron- bark, stringy bark, light-wood, and others, none of which grow to the height of the gum of California, owing to the inferiority of the Australian soil, com- pared with that of California. In the fall of 1855 he located in Santa Clara, managing a small shop for L. A. Gould, the artesian well-borer, for one year- In 1856 he started the Santa Clara Machine Shop, situated on Main Street, which he conducted for four- teen years, by hand, wind, and steam. In 1867 he closed up this establishment, married a Mrs. Barney (who died fifteen years later), after which he went to Massachusetts and purchased one of the most com- plete outfits for a first-class machine shop that has ever been shipped to the Pacific Coast. In 1868 he built the present " Davies Machine Shop," which is sixty-six by sixty-six feet, three stories high, and situated on the corner of Jackson and Liberty Streets. During the thirty-three years that Mr. Davies has been in Santa Clara, he has carried on business for himself thirty-two years. His business has been ex- clusively making and repairing agricultural imple- ments, and making pumps and windmills. He is the inventor of the galvanized "lift" pump, and also a score of other valuable inventions. The Haines Header seems to be his forte, he having done more work on them than all other shops in the valley com- bined. He has doubtless made more improvements on the Haines Header than has been made on it by all others, since the first one went into the field. Of all the inventions that Mr. Davies has made, not one has proved a failure. They have all paid well on the investments. Mr. Davies is a brother of L. B. Davies, of Columbus, Ohio, who is the inventor of the loco- motive pilot, more commonly called the "cow-catcher."' To visit the shop of Mr. Davies, and see the arrange- ment of tools, and those of his own ma]%%~<-<-' II^EV. WESLEY PECK, son of Andrew and E^^ Polly Peck, was born in Hamilton, Madison ■'V County, New York, September 25, 183 1. His father was born in Danbury, Connecticut, and his mother in New York. Luther Peck (Wesley's grandfather) felt called to the ministry in 1816, but told the Lord if he would excuse him he might have all his boys; and seventeen of his children and grand- children became ministers! Andrew Peck was born in 1800, and died in Cortland, New York, in 1887. Wesley was educated at the Cazenovia Seminary, in Madison County, New York. He was married, in 185 1, to Harriet C. Stiles, of Cazenovia. He entered the ministry in 1853, and served as a pastor and trav- eling minister for eleven years in the State of New York, when, in 1864, he came to California. Here he was pastor twenty years, and presiding elder four years. The district over which he became presiding elder consisted of eleven counties in Northern Cali- fornia, and he traveled over this district in his own conveyance, making 6,000 miles per year. Being in poor health, he came to Los Gatos in 1884, and served as pastor of the Methodist Church for three years. In the fall of 1887 he closed his ministerial duties, on account of failing health, and engaged in the real-estate business, in which he has been inter- ested ever since. In 1887 the Los Gatos Land Agency was organized, under the firm name of W. Peck & Co. (W. G. Alexander and B. H. Noble). Mr. and Mrs. Peck have had three children: Ellen H., who died March 27, 1876, in her twenty-third year; Charles Wesley, who died December 24, 1879, in his twenty-second year; and Lillie May, born April 4, 1869, who resides with her parents. In January, 1888, Mr. Peck was appointed a Notary Public, to reside at Los Gatos. pTEPHEN BALDWIN MILLER, deceased, was W' born in the Province of Ontario, in the Western part of Canada, December 26, 1839. His father, William Baldwin Miller, was born in New York, December 4, 1798, and his mother, Abigail Robinson, was also born in New York, March 29, 1804. Will- iam B. removed, when a young man, to Canada, and there married. He was a farmer by occupation, and bought 100 acres of rough land, cleared it up, and made it his home till his death, September 20, 1853. His wife died June 8, 1842. Out of a family of ten children they reared eight, who grew to maturity, four of whom have since died with consumption. Stephen was the youngest son, and next to the youngest child. He lived on the home place and was married there April 24, 1 861, to Margaret Secord, a native of the county where he was born. Her fa- ther, Solomon Secord, was born January 18, 1803, in Niagara, Canada, and her mother, Mary, at Toronto, October 10, 1807. Mrs. Secord died October 12, 1881, and Solomon is still living in the home he made fifty-one years ago. After his marriage, Stephen re- sided on the home place until 1869, when he came to California, leaving his family at home. He first en- tered the mines, and then went into the lumber camps near Dutch Flat, and was there engaged for two years. He went to San Francisco, where, in connection with his brother William, he engaged in the wood and coal business, together with grinding feed, etc., and continued in this business about four- teen years. Being troubled with lung difficulty, and becoming at times very much emaciated, he made a few visits to the place where his widow and her chil- dren now reside, making one of these trips only two ^. /? DECEASED. BTOGRAPHIOA L SKF/K'lllCH. 297 weeks before his death, March 31, 1885. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Miller made her home in San Francisco until the next fall, when she purchased her present ranch of twenty-four acres near Los Gatos, on the Los Gatos and Saratoga road, where she has built a fine dwelling-house, and made other improve- ments, which give it the appearance of a beautiful and attractive home. She has twelve acres set to various kinds of fruit-trees, some of which are now in bear- ing. Mrs. Miller has four children, viz.: Kittie G., Nettie E., William J., and Hale R. JATRICK G. SULLIVAN, deceased. Among the successful pioneer farmers of Santa Clara County was the above-named gentleman, a brief history of whose life is as follows: — Mr. Sullivan was born in Askeaton, Limerick County, Ireland, in 1813. His parents, John and Ann (Sheehy) Sullivan, were natives of that county. In 1827 his father emigrated with his family to Canada East and located in St. Edwards County, where he was engaged as a farmer and stock-grower, in which occupation the subject of this sketch was reared, re- ceiving at the same time a good education. After ar- riving at manhood he entered into partnership with his father in farming operations and continued the same until 1842, when he took a portion of the old homestead and operated it on his own account. In 1842 he married Miss Bridget Madigan, the daughter of Daniel and Ann (Henley) Madigan, natives of Ire- land, who emigrated to Canada East, and afterward, in 1853, came to California. Mr. Sullivan was engaged on his farm until 185 1, in which year he came upon a steamer to California. He arrived in San Francisco January 2, 1852, and came immediately to Santa Clara County, where he rented land and enrolled himself among the pioneer farmers of the county. In 1854 he purchased his first land from General Naglee, comprising fifty-three acres located just east of San Jose, on what is now known as the "Nursery Tract." He took up his residence upon this land and resided there until 1856. In this latter year he rented 266 acres of land from General Naglee, situated on what is now the Alum Rock road, at the corner of King road, in the Pala School District. This land was stocked with about 300 head of cattle, among which was a dairy of sixty or seventy cows. Mr. Sulli- van early saw that the road to success in agricult- ural pursuits was not to be reached by exclusive 38 grain production, but that only diversified farming could, in the end, be profitable. He became, with these views, one of the pioneer dairymen of the county, and his sagacity was amply rewarded, and through him many a man learned also the road to success. Mr. Sullivan was eminently successful in his operations upon this place, and from his first occupancy, devoted his means to its purchase. As the land increased in value and he made improvements upon it, claimants sprang up and claimed ownership under Spanish grants, homesteads, squatter rights, etc., and it was not until 1865 that he gained a complete title and ownership to the property. In the meantime his farming, stock, and particularly his dairy business, had proved very remunerative; also his fifty-three-acre tract first purchased had become very valuable, and he ranked as one of the most prosperous and wealthy farmers of his section. From this time until 1879 he conducted his farm operations. In this latter year he retired from the active pursuits of life, and under con- tract sold his farm to his sons, Daniel G., Frank J. and Thomas P. R. Mr. Sullivan also sold during his life-time fourteen acres of his fifty-three-acre tract, and at his death, which occurred April 8, 1886, left the balance of his valuable property to his widow. Mr. Sullivan was an intelligent, energetic, and enter- prising business man, as well as farmer. His foresight and firm belief in the future prosperity and growth of the county induced him to make the judicious invest- ments which resulted in giving him a handsome fort- une. He always ranked in public spirit, enterprise, and liberality in public improvements, among the lead- ing men of his section. He was one of the projectors of the Alum Rock road, and gave the right of way through his land, and fenced the road at his own cost. In many another public enterprise he was equally liberal, and active in promoting them. He was always interested in public affairs. Though never aspiring to office, his influence was always felt in the elections, and always exercised for what he believed to be for the best interests of the public. He was a life-long conservative Democrat. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Sullivan seven children are living, viz.: Annie A., who married Rich- ard Fitzgerald, living in Nevada; John C, married Miss Maggie Carrol, of San Francisco, residing in Napa County; Michael R., married Miss Bridget Commons, of San Jose, and now a grocer in that city; Daniel G., Frank J., and Thomas P. R., who are the owners and reside upon the old homestead; Mary E., who married Thomas J. Scherrebeck, of San Fran- 298 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Cisco, and now residing near the old homestead; Katie A., the fourth child, died August 2, 1887, aged thirty years; Lizzie, the seventh child, died at the age of two years. Mr. Sullivan gave to his children the best of advantages for education. John C, Thomas P. R., and Daniel G. were educated at the Santa Clara College, the latter graduating in the class of 1872. Frank J. was educated at St. Mary's College, in San Francisco. The daughters were educated in the Convent of Notre Dame in San Jose. The family are consistent members of the Catholic Church. The fine farm owned by the Sullivan brothers is well worthy of mention. It consists of 266 acres, located on the Alum Rock road two miles east of San Jose. There are 120 head of cattle on this place, 100 of which are used for dairy purposes. Among their stock are some of the finer breeds, such as Hol- stein and Durham. Great care and attention are taken in breeding, with the view of obtaining the most pro- lific milkers, and in this great success has attended their efforts, and they have one of the finest dairies in the county. There are two fine flowing artesian wells on these lands, which furnish all the water needed for stock and domestic use. .||OHN WELLINGTON MacDONALD was born &_ near the city of Kingston, Western Canada, Janu- W ary 18, 1844. His father, James I., Was a native of New York, and liis mother, Sarah McGuin, a native of Pennsylvania. James, being a millwright, when a young man made several trips into Canada, where he put up a number of flour and saw mills. He married and located in Portland, Canada, where he lived for thirty-five or forty years, when his oldest son, Duncan S. MacDonald, took charge of the home place, and he removed to Fredericksburg, where he died in 1882, aged seventy-one years. His wife died on the home place in 1856. They reared a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters, of whom three sons and three daughters are now living. John W. lived with his father until he was seventeen years of age, when he made his home with his uncle at Collins Bay, near Kingston. For two years and a half he worked in several different kinds of mills owned by his uncle. Upon leaving his uncle he attended school for a year, then went to Watertown, Jefferson County, New York, and worked on a dairy farm. After this he went to St. Lawrence County, where he remained a year. After going back to his old home in Canada, where he continued for a year, he came to California in li and located in San Jose. He spent fourteen months in Nevada and Oregon, after which he was in the em- ploy of William Berringer, in Oakland and San Fran- cisco, in the hay and grain business, for seven years. He was also employed a portion of this time in San Jose. In 1884 he purchased his present place of twenty-two and one half acres near Los Gatos, where he has since resided. He was married in Oakland, in 1878, to Emily Cutter, a native of Tompkins County, New York. Mr. MacDonald has a fine vineyard of eight and one half acres, and also eight acres in trees, — French prunes, cherries, apricots, etc. ^H^^^H^-^ Monroe C. park was bom in Lenawee County, Michigan, February 24, 1846. His "*■ parents, Thomas K. and Sabrina E. Park, were natives of Vermont, settled in Michigan in 1844, lived there nine years, and then removed to Goshen, Elkhart County, Indiana, where they lived two years. They then went to Iowa County, Iowa, where they remained three years. In the spring of 1858 they moved to Franklin County, Kansas, near Centropolis, where they lived seven years. They then moved to Shawnee County, four miles from Topeka, where they died, the mother in October, 1883, and the father in January, 1887. They reared five children, three daughters and two sons. One son has since died. Monroe, the subject of this sketch, lived with his parents till twenty-three years of age. He was mar- ried April I, 1869, to Lucy E. McNown, a native of Racine County, Wisconsin. After his marriage he went upon a farm of seventy-five acres, which he had purchased when twenty years old. He made improve- ments and lived there till September 23, 1874, when he rented his place and emigrated to California. He first located in Santa Rosa, where he remained about a year. He then moved to a place near Guerneville, in the same county, and went to teaming, hauling wood and pickets to the railroad. He continued in this business about a year and a half, then went to Mendocino County and took up 160 acres of govern- ment land under the homestead act in the Redwoods on the Mavarro River, and staid there six years. He improved the place during that time by putting up buildings, fences, etc. In the fall of 1883 he came to Santa Clara County and moved on his present ranch, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 299 which he purchased in 1881, after selling his Kansas ranch. His farm in Mendocino County he sold in 1887. He now has a nicely improved ranch of twenty acres all in fruit. He has 890 French prunes four years old, 180 silver prunes two years old, 353 apricots two and four years old, 130 peaches mostly four and six years old, 109 cherries six years old, 38 yellow egg plums four years old, 22 Bartlett pears two years old, 23 apples from four to six years old, and 20 fig trees three years old, besides other choice trees. He has three acres in vines, mostly Muscat and table grapes, from four to six years old. Mr. and Mrs. Park have four children, viz.: Edward K., born Jan- uary 27, 1870; Celia E., February 24, 1872; Clara E., September 18, 1873; Edith M., May 7, 1886. ^^^ MSOSTER W. chase, son of Cyrus and Sophro- ^^ nia (Bagley) Chase, was born in Machias Port, T Maine, December 4, 1848. His parents were na- tives of that State. His father died April 25, 1852, and was buried in the Gulf of Tehuantepec on his way to California. His mother is now living at Soquel, with one of her daughters. They reared a family of nine children, of whom three have since died. The oldest of the family died when a small child. Foster was reared in Maine at a place called Chase's Mill, after he was five years old. When nearly nineteen, he came to California via Panama, and landed in San Francisco in October, 1867. He at once went to work for his brother, Josiah Chase, on his ranch, and remained there during the winter. In the following March he went to Lexington and took charge of a lumber yard there owned by his brother Josiah, and continued his business until 1883. After remaining at Lexington four years, he went to his brother's ranch near where he had a saw-mill turning out the lumber. In 1884 Mr. Chase bought thirty-five acres of his brother's ranch, on which he has since resided. He has about eight acres in fruit, consisting of 500 French prunes, 150 egg plums, 200 pears and apples, 30 peach and apricot. All are four years old except the apples and pears, which are but two. In December, 1 870, he was married to Nannie J. Howell, who was born February 21, 1850, in Linn County, Missouri. They have five children, namely: Maude E., born September 25, 1871; Ralph C, No- vember 23, 1873; Walter W., October 31, 1878; Irma P., April 6, 1884, and Chester J., March 28, 1886. They lost one child, Charles C, born February 11, 1876, and died October 2, 1877. Mrs. Chase came to California with her parents in 1852. Her father, Watkins F. Howell, first located at Grass Valley, Nevada County, and in 1855 removed to Santa Clara County, where Mrs. Chase has since resided. ^RANK LOBDELL, son of Calvin and Eliza ^ Ann (Williams) Lobdell, was born in Lake t County, Illinois, June 11, 1849. His parents were natives of New York State and settled in Lake County in 1843, where his father located on a pre-emption claim under the land laws of the United States. They have a family of four children, of whom Frank is the oldest son. He lived with his parents till sixteen years of age and attended the district school while living at home, and afterward went to the High School at Waukegan, in his native county. He worked as an apprentice at the carpenter's trade in the summer and attended school in winter for two years. He then went to Chicago and worked as a journeyman carpenter, and was there during the great fire of 1 87 1. In the winter of 1871-72 he opened a contractor's and builder's shop with O. J. Daily, under the firm name of Daily & Lobdell. About this time he began the study of architecture, and attended night schools under different masters for about three years. After this he turned most of his attention to archi- tecture, and continued the practice of his profession there until 1876, when his health failed and he was unable a great deal of the time to attend to business. On March 4, 1877, he left Chicago and came to Cali- fornia and located in Bridgeport, Mono County, where he ran a restaurant for about a year and a half, when he sold it and moved to Bodie, in the same county, and opened a notion emporium, dealing in cigars, to- bacco, and notions; he continued in that business there till the fall of 1880, when he sold out and moved to Los Gatos, where he purchased a ranch of ten acres about a mile north of the town, and planted it to trees and vines. He worked at the carpenter's trade unril 1885, when he turned his attention to the pro- fession of architecture. In the fall of 1887, on the growing demand for his work, he opened an office in Los Gatos, where he has been constantly engaged ever since. He has made a great many designs for builders in Los Gatos and vicinity. He has one acre in table grapes, five years old; 350 French prunes, 250 apricots, 200 peaches, 100 yellow egg plums, all 300 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.'' of different ages, and about 50 trees of different vari- eties in the family orchard. Mr. Lobdell was married in 1873, to Cora A. Davis, a native of Lake County, Illinois. They have four children, viz.: Annie R., Winniford, Maud R., and Jessie. KEV. ARTHUR ELLIOT SEARS, son of Edward and Jemima (Root) Sears, was born at Walnut Hills, near Cincinnati, Ohio, June 6, 1823. His father was a native of Massachu- setts, and his mother of Connecticut. After their marriage his parents settled in Vermont, and then in New York. From New York they removed first to Indiana, and then to Ohio, where the father died, June 10, 1831. His mother afterward married Mathias Potter, who died in Milford, Ohio. She removed to Missouri, and became a member of her son's family, and removed with him to Oregon, where she died August 30, 1876. She was the mother of eight chil- dren, of whom Arthur, the subject of this sketch, is the youngest living. He lived eight years in Hamil- ton County, and after that in Clermont County, Ohio. He was educated in Cincinnati, where he attended Woodward College. In the fall of 1845 he went to Missouri and joined the Missouri Conference; the next year, the Methodist Episcopal Church South. He was a traveling minister in that Conference nearly seventeen years. In 1862 he emigrated to Oregon, and was transferred to the Pacific Conference, and took work in Oregon, where he remained twelve years. He was Presiding Elder six years, and served as preacher three years on another charge. He was agent of Corvallis College, a State agricultural insti- tution under the management of the Columbia Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1874 he removed to Colorado, and there had charge of the entire work for one year; the next year the work was divided and he was continued on the Denver District, when his health broke down, and he was compelled to leave the State. He then came to the Pacific Coast, and in the spring of 1878 settled in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near Wrights Station, on his present place, which he styles the " Sunshine Ranch." Here he has devoted a part of his time to preaching, as a local preacher. His ranch contains about sixty acres, of which about twenty are under cultivation. He has about 600 prunes, embracing the different varieties, some from ten to fifteen years old, and 300 plums of different varieties, 80 cher- ries, twenty years old, besides a family orchard. He has about seven acres in vines, all table grapes. This is one of the oldest vineyards in the mountains. The ranch was purchased from Lyman J. Burrell. Four acres of this vineyard, in 1887, yielded $1,300, after all expenses were paid. He was married in April, 1847, at Shelby ville, Mis- souri, to Julia A. Hawkins. She died in Carrollton, Missouri, in May, 1859. She was the mother of five children, three of whom are living. Mr. Sears was married again in January, i860, to Eliza E. De France, in Milan, Sullivan County, Missouri, and by her had one son. The first children are : Mary C, Laura R., and Arthur L. The two former are married. Will- iam A., by the second marriage, is now married, and principal of a school in Contra Costa County. i-(S^^ &f ;APT. HENRY C. HOGG was born in Letcher (at that time Perry) County, Kentucky, January 29, 1836. His father, Hiram Hogg, was a native of Culpeper County, Virginia, and removed with his parents in 1802, when two years old, to Kentucky. Hiram was married to Levina Polly, a native of Ken- tucky, and reared a family of eleven children, who grew to maturity, of whom five are now living. Mrs. Hogg died in April, 1846. Hiram afterward married Polly Roark, of Kentucky, and by her had seven chil- dren, of whom five are now living. Hiram died in 1863, and his wife in 1884. Henry C. Hogg is now the youngest son of the first family. He made his home with his parents till he was nineteen years old. He was educated principally in Lee County, Virginia. At the age of twenty-one he studied law, and at the age of twenty-two was admitted to the Bar in Irvine, Estill County, Kentucky, and practiced law there and in Perry County until September, 1861. He then enlisted in Company D, Nineteenth Kentucky Infantry, as a private. On February 5, 1863, he was commissioned First Lieutenant, and March 10 of the same year received his commission as Captain. He was at Cumberland Gap in 1862, and in December went to Vicksburg with General Sherman, and re- mained there until after the surrender of the city. From Vicksburg his regiment was sent to New Or- leans, where he served under General Banks until he was mustered out, January 28, 1865. He then located at Booneville, Kentucky, opened a law office, and also engaged in general merchandise. He lived there till BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 301 1885, when he sold out and cime to Califoniia. He made a previous visit to this State in 1884, and bought a ranch near Saratoga on the road leading from Saratoga to Mountain View. It contains nearly twenty-seven acres. In 1887 he added to it nine acfres more, making in all thirty-six acres. His ranch has 450 French prunes, in their sixth year, and 1,480 in their fifth year, 250 apricots, 1 10 peaches, and 100 pears, all in their sixth year, and 40 cherries in their fourth year. Mr. Hogg was married April 16, 1867, to Martha A. Marion, a native of Owsley County, Kentucky, and daughter of Matthew and Rebecca (Kelley)" Marion, who moved from Virginia to Kentucky in 1850. Mr. Marion was a native of Tennessee and his wife of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Hogg have four children, two sons and two daughters: Charles Henry, born December 30, 1869; Cora, born November 15, 1873; Raymond, born July 22, 1877; Carrie, born April 17, 1880. ISRANK M. JACKSON, son of Willard C. and f^^ Harriet (White) Jackson, was born at Lancaster, T Coos County, New Hampshire, June 22, 1847. His parents were both natives of Maine. When four- teen years of age, his parents moved to Waltham, Massachusetts, where he went to work delivering milk for one year. He then engaged with A. L. Jewell in the manufacture of weather-vanes, and continued in this business for three years. He attended no school after leaving Lancaster. When twenty years of age he went to Boston, and for six months worked for the Fremont Watch Company in the manufacture of watches. He then went to Elgin, Illinois, to work in the watch factory there, but remained only about five months. He then returned to Boston, and again en- gaged in the weather-vane business, with J. Harris, where he remained for five years, when, in 1872, he came to California and located at Marysville, Yuba County. He there entered the jewelry store of Frank E. Smith, and remained with him two and one-half years. In 1875 he went to Chico, Butte County, and engaged in the jewelry business, in which he con- tinued until 1882, when he sold out and went to Port- land, Oregon, and engaged in the same business. After remaining there twenty-one months he returned to California, in 1883, and purchased his present ranch of thirteen acres in the town of Los Gatos. It con- tains 1,000 trees, four years old, of which 750 are French prunes, 150 peaches, and loO in a family- orchard. In 1884 he started a book, stationery, and jewelry store. Mr. Jackson was married, in 1873, to Lizzie Hunt, a native of Louisville, Kentucky. She died in June, 1878, leaving a daughter, who survived her four years. He was again married, in 1880, to Fannie F. Ringo, a native of Gallatin, Missouri. They have a son, three years old. Mr. Jackson is a Knight Templar, an Odd Fellow, a Workman, and a Democrat. He was appointed Postmaster of Los Gatos in October, 1885. In January, 1886, the office was changed from a fourth to a third class, and is now a presidential office. POHN W. LYNDON, son of Samuel and Polly Caroline Lyndon, was born at Alburgh Springs, ^ Grand Isle County, Vermont, February 18, 1836. When between ten and twelve years of age he left home and began to earn his own livelihood. At this age he went to New Hampshire, and from there to Massa- chusetts, and was in Maine for a short time. He came to California in October, 1859, byway of the Isthmus of Panama, and landed in San Francisco after a voyage of twenty-three days. The next day after his arrival he went to San Jose, where he remained a few days, when he went to Lexington and hired out to H. M. Hervey, who kept a boarding-house. His first busi- ness was the driving of an ox team, and it was the first attempt of his life in that business. To show his skill in the work, he says he tipped his wagon over the first day! Soon becoming dissatisfied with this business, he applied for something else to do, and was sent by the proprietor to his ranch. When he began to work for Mr. Hervey he had but sixty cents. After remaining with him two months, he hired to Bernard Joseph, who kept a grocery and general store in Lexington, where he worked more than two years. The money saved during this time he invested in a piece of land in the Willows, near San Jose. He then went to San Francisco, bought some goods, and started a little store of his own in Lexington. After carrying on the business for a year, Joseph pro- posed a partnership, which was accepted, and the business carried on under the firm name of Joseph & Lyndon. After a year and a half, Joseph sold his interest to Lyndon, who continued in the business until 1868, making considerable money. He sold out in 1868, and took a trip back to Vermont, going via Panama. He came back to Santa Clara County in the fall of 1869, and bought the loo-acre tract on which 302 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." the hotel called the " Ten Mile House" is situated, which at that time was owned by H. D. McCabb. He paid $7,500 for it, and two months afterward sold it for $10,000, and four years thereafter he re-purchased if for $8,500! Upon his return to this county he located in Los Gatos, and rented the piece of land on which the Wilcox House and depot now stand, and kept a lumber yard, supplying people all over the valley with lumber. When the railroad came through Los Gatos, in 1877, Mr. Lyndon cut up a part of his land into lots, whic was the beginning of the laying out and selling of lots in Los Gatos. After he sold his loo-acre tract the first time, he bought a lot and moved his lumber yard to East Los Gatos, and con- tinued the business th'-re. He also built a dwelling- house and store, which was the second store kept in Los Gatos. Mr. Lyndon has been a very successful business man. When he came to California he did not spend his money as fast as he earned it, as many did, but was saving and industrious, and invested his money in property as he earned it. The first property he bought in the Willows for $500, he afterward sold for $4,000. When Los Gatos was incorporated, in 1887, Mr. Lyndon was elected a member of the Board of Trustees, and again in 1888, and is now President of the Board. He has been a School Trustee for many years, and has probably done more to build up the town of Los Gatos than any other man. He was one of the original stockholders of the Los Gatos Fruit Packing Company, organized in 1882, and of the Los Gatos Gas Company, incorporated in 1884. He is also a stockholder in the Los Gatos Bank. Mr. Lyndon was married, in 1872, to Theresa Rector, a native of Missouri, a daughter of W. H. Rector, one of the early settlers of Oregon, who after- ward removed to California. They have two children: Ora Everett, aged twelve years, and Irma Lyle, aged eight years. Mr. Lyndon built, in 1887, his present residence, situated on one of the beautiful knolls in Los Gatos, overlooking the valley and surrounding country, which he calls " Lyndon Home." _5:^.IKPEV. JAMES RICHARDS WRIGHT was born in Tallmadge, Summit County, Ohio, June 14, 1 8 14, and was reared there. He attended the Academy of Tallmadge, and afterward Oberlin College, and graduated in 1839 in the college depart- ment. He afterward studied theology privately with a Presbyterian minister at Elyria, Ohio, and was ordained a preacher in 1841. He began preach- ing at Sheffield, Lorain County, Ohio, in 1842, re- maining there nine years and then going to Ridgeville, Ohio, where he continued his sojourn eight years. From there he went to Benzonia, in the northern portion of Michigan, where he remained four years, and then he was in Sheffield again for three years. He came to California in the fall of 1869 and lo- cated on his present place, in the Santa Cruz Mount- ains. In 1873 he opened a summer resort for tour- ists and visitors, and continued in this business till 1887. He built his house, called "Arbor Villa," situ- ated on one of the most delightful places on a mount- ain ridge 1,500 feet above the sea level, in 1877. He has 134 acres, of which forty are in fruit-trees about sixteen years old. His vines are of the same age. The ranch was first started in March, 1868, by Elizur and William H. Wright. Mr. Wright was married, in 1844, to Sarah Holmes Vincent, a native of Boston, Massachusetts. They have eight children: Elizur, residing on the home place; William H., Superintendent of a canning fac- tory in San Jose; Albert T., foreman of the canning factory; Henry W., in the real estate and insurance business in San Jose; Sumner B., residing in San Bernardino County; Frank Vincent at the same place; Lucy A., wife of Captain A. Whittlesey, of Portland, Oregon ; and Clara A., residing at hoine. They lost two children, Charles R., who died in 1876, aged thirty-one years, and James Frederick, who died in 1880, aged twenty-eight years. )-(S^-pg)- |UGUSTINE NICHOLSON, son of John and ^ Hannah (Robinson) Nicholson, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, February 21, 1830. His father was a native of County Armagh, Ireland, and came to Ohio about the beginning of the present century. His wife was a native of Delaware. They made their home on a farm in Harrison County, Ohio, from the time of their marriage till their death, he dying October 7, 1844, aged seventy-two years, and his wife in April, 1874, aged eighty-seven years. They reared a family of six sons and three daughters, Augustine being next to the youngest child. He lived on the home place till twenty-five years old. In the spring of 1855 he went to Iowa, and in the fall of that year bought a farm in Ringgold County, consist- ing of 400 acres, then returning home to Ohio. In the spring of 1857 he went again to Iowa and bought BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 303 400 acres more. He made some improvements on the first purchase, and staid there two years, when he went to the northern part of Missouri, where he had a sister living, and remained there eight or ten months; being then taken with the ague, he returned to Ohio, where he lived till 1875, having previouly disposed of his Iowa lands. In the spring of 1875, after visit- ing some of the Eastern cities, he sailed for Liver- pool, and from there he went to Belfast, in which vicinity he had relatives. After making a short visit at Belfast, he visited Dublin, London, and Paris, and other principal places of interest, and then went to St. Helier, on Jersey Island, where he remained from September till the following May, when he re- turned to Ohio. After attending the Centennial at Philadelphia, the following October, he came to Cali- fornia, to Los Gatos and San Jose. He spent the winter in San Jose, and in July, 1877, went as far east as Oskaloosa, Jefferson County, Kansas, where he remained till after the holidays, when he took a trip down into the Indian Territory and Texas. He visited Ohio, and was married there April 9, 1879, to Margaret Miller, a native of Ireland. In the fall of the same year he brought his wife to California and lived in Los Gatos two years and a half After making one more trip to Ohio, in 1882, and remaining there a year, he returned to Los Gatos, where he has sirjce resided. March 3, 1885, he bought his present place in the Almond Grove Addition, and in the fall of the same year built his present house. Just two years and six months before the time of purchase, he disposed of a number of lots by auction sale. JRINVILLE E. HAMILTON, son of Asa and s^ Lydia Hamilton, was born in Wellington, Lorain T County, Ohio, March 14, 1844. His father was a native of Vermont, born in 1799, and was one of the first settlers in Wellington Township, in that county, in 1823, and lived there till his death, April 4, 1866. After his death his widow moved to the oil regions of Pennsylvania, where she died, in 1881. Linvillelived in Wellington till he was twenty-one years old. He worked with his father, who was a carpenter and joiner, until sixteen years of age, when he was ap- prenticed to learn the carpenter's trade. In 1862 he enlisted in Company C, 86th Ohio Infantry, and was honorably discharged in the winter of 1863, where- upon he re-enlisted in Company C, 176th Ohio In- fantry, and served till the close of the war. He served through the campaigns of the Army of the Cumber- land, and was discharged in 1865. After the death of his father he went to Pennsylvania with his mother and remained there till 1878, when he went to Hum- boldt, Humboldt County, Iowa, and went to work at his trade. He was married there in June, 1881, to Jennie L. Henderson, a native of Canada, of Scotch descent. In 1883 he came to California, reaching Los Gatos September 4, where he has lived and worked at his trade ever since. They have one son, William Wallace, born August 18, 1882. %;AMES H. LYNDON, son of Samuel and Polly @/ (Carline) Lyndon, was born in Grand Island "^ County, Vermont, May 6, 1 847, where he lived with his parents until seventeen years of age, and attended the common district schools. In 1863, when sixteen years old, he went to Burlington and enlisted in the Fifth Vermont Infantry, but was rejected by the in- specting officer on account of his age. The next year he went to Massachusetts and enlisted in Com- pany I, Twenty-first Massachusetts Infantry. He, with some 300 recruits for the regiment, was sent to Galoups Island, in Boston Harbor, where they re- mained about six weeks, when they left for Annapo- lis, Maryland, to join their regiment, which was at- tached to the Ninth Army Corps, commanded by General Burnside. They remained in Annapolis until the middle of April, when they were ordered to join their regiment at the front. Marching by way of Washington city, they joined their regiment in the Second Brigade, Second Division of the Ninth Corps, near the Rapidan, just before the Battles of the Wilderness. He participated in these battles, and in those of Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor, in which latter engagement his regiment suffered a heavy loss. After the battle of Cold Harbor the Ninth Corps was ordered to City Point, where the Army of the Potomac invested Petersburg for several months. After the capture of several of the outposts, with heavy losses, the city of Petersburg fell, after a siege of several months. From Petersburg the Army of the Potomac followed Lee's army for several days, the Ninth Corps going as far as FarmviUe, which they reached on the eighth of April, 1865, and the next day General Lee surrendered his army to General Grant, which practi- cally closed the war. The Ninth Corps lay at Farmvil e about a week, when it was ordered to City Point, where, after a week 304 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' or ten days, transports were furnished them and they were sent to Alexandria, Virginia. They remained just back of Alexandria, near Fairfax Seminary, un- til after the grand review of the armies of Grant and Sherman, in Washington city,in which he participated. After this he went into camp again for two or three weeks, when his regiment was ordered home, and was mustered out at Reedville, Massachusetts, in August, 1865. He then returned to his old home in Vermont, and in 1866 attended the academy at Aburgh Springs, Vermont, for two terms. In December, 1868, he left home for California, via Panama, and arrived in San Francisco January 23, 1869. He came at once to Los Gatos, where his brother John was engaged in business, and began to clerk for him in his store, where he remained till 1871 In 1872 he bought his brother's store and ran it for a year, when his brother bought an interest in it, and a year afterward he sold his interest to his brother John and went into the hotel business, keeping the hotel known at that time as the " Ten Mile House," now the Los Gatos Hotel, where he remained until 1875 ; he then sold out and again went into his brother's store as a clerk, and re- mained with him until 1883, when he sold his store. He then engaged in the lumber business near the depot in Los Gatos, which business he still follows. He is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Ridgely Lodge, I. O. O. F., a member of the A. O. U. W., and Past Post Commander of E. O. C, Ord Post, No. 82, G. A. R. Mr. Lyndon was married August 12, 1873, to Anna J. Murdock, a native of Ontario, Province of Quebec. They have five children, viz.: James Lloyd, born June 9, 187s; William Welden, June 14, 1878; Frances Ray, September 4, 1881; Clarence Hardy, March 15, 1883; Anna May, November 2, i ^ ALEXANDER HILDEBRAND, son of Gustav ^P> and Bernhardine Hildebrand, was born in Ber- lin, Germany, May 22, 1827. His father died in 1844, and he lived at home with his mother two years longer. He attended the primary school and afterward the gymnasium. When about sixteen years old he began to learn the carpenter's trade, working at it in summer and in the winter months attending architectural and drawing school for four or five years. He followed his trade until 1849, when, according to the custom of the country, he entered the army, where he remained a year. In 1850 he sailed for San F"ran- cisco, but after being out at sea twenty-four days the vessel was wrecked on an African island. He was on the island six weeks, when he obtained an opportunity to leave on a small American bark bound for Rio Janeiro. He remained in Rio Janeiro three or four weeks, the yellow fever being there at the time. He then secured passage on the Sea Bird, a steamer bound for San Francisco. At Valparaiso he left the boat and remained there three or four months, work- ing in the office of an architect who was building a custom house. Hearing of the big fire in San Fran- cisco in May, 1851, he went there, where he remained in business till 1881 (with the exception of a few months spent in the mines), when he removed to Los Gatos, where he had bought a place the December previous. The place contained seventy-one and one- fourth acres, and he at once set out an orchard and vineyard of twenty-six acres. He has since sold the most of it, and now has but six acres left. In 1886 he turned his attention to drying fruit. Mr. Hildebrand was married, in 1866, to Marie Wieland, a native of Germany, who died in January, 1879, leaving a family of four children, of whom one daughter and two sons are living. Mr. Hildebrand was married again in December, 1879, to Emilie Bartholdt, a native of Germany, and by her has a son. gtlLLIAM C. SHORE, son of Samuel R. and F^ Narcissus Shore, was born in Surry County, North Carolina, September 15, 1830. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and his mother of North Carolina. When he was but five years old his parents removed to Lafayette County, Missouri, and lived there until the beginning of the war, when they moved to a place near Independence, that State, where his father was postmaster of a small place called Chapel Hill. During the war, the Southem element being too strong for him, he was forced to leave, and he removed to Kansas City, where he died. His widow still resides there. He reared nine chil- dren, who lived to be grown, of whom two sons and two daughters were older than the subject of this sketch. William C. lived with his parents till he was nineteen years of age, when, in 1849, he came across the plains to California with ox teams, and was five months making the trip. One of the party was taken sick on the way, and •sj is ^3"^,^^ BKXIRA rniCA L SKETCH k'S 305 in endeavoring to reach a place where there was a little feed for stock, the party stopped to let him die, as they did not want him to die while traveling. After the party halted the man asked them why they had done so, and they told him. He then said, with an oath, that he did not propose to die; that he in- tended to go to California and " make a raise," and return to his family, marry, profess religion, and die like a white man; and, calling for his gun, he directed them to drive on. He recovered, came through to California, made $5,000 or $6,000, and went back to the States; but whether he fulfilled the balance of his contract is not known. William came first to Sacra- mento and then went to Georgetown, El Dorado County, where he followed mining for three years. In the spring of 1853 he came to Santa Clara County and followed farming near San Jose till 1864, when he went to Arizona and remained six months. He then returned to San Jose, where he remained till 1 88 1, when he came to Los Gatos, and in 1884 en- gaged in the retail ice business, which he has since followed. He was married March 27, 1873, to Mary A. Adams, a native of North Carolina, who came to California in 1872. They have two children, Dalton and Daisy. fLEASANT S. LANGFORD, son of Stephen and Lydia (Parent) Langford, was born in Floyd W County, Indiana, September 4, 1818. His father was born in Albermarle County, Virginia, and his mother in Culpeper County, same State. They were married in Staunton, Virginia, in 1815, and moved to Floyd County, Indiana, in 18 16, where they lived till 1830, when they moved to Parke County, Indiana. In 1842 they removed to Washington County, Iowa, where they lived some time, and then returned to Indiana on a visit, where Mr. Langford was taken sick and died in 1844. Mrs. Langford was afterward married to Judge Louis Noell, and died about 1880. Mr. Langford was a soldier in the War of 181 2, together with three brothers, one of whom was a captain. In Stephen Langford's family there were three children, of whom a daughter and the sub- ject of this sketch are now living. Pleasant made his home with his parents till twenty-one years old. In 1839 he went to Washington County, Iowa, and bought 160 acres of land, improved it and subse- quently bought eighty acres more, when he sold a part of his first purchase. He put up the first frame 39 house west of the town of Washington. He started for California April 14, 1853, overland, with ox teams; arrived here in September of that year, and located in Santa Clara County. He at once rented a piece of land west of Santa Clara and farmed for one year, when he removed to the town of Santa Clara and en- gaged in teaming for three years. He then purchased 240 acres in the foot-hills on the Lis Gatos and Sar- atoga road, and lived there sixteen years. The land was in a wild state and he cleared and made the im- provements on it. In 1874 he sold this farm and bought his present place on the Quito road. It has eight acres in fruit, consisting of French prunes, apri- cots, peaches, etc., besides a small vineyard for family use. He raises grain upon and pastures the rest of the place. The farm originally contained 153 acres, but now only forty. Mr. Langford was married in 1843 to Sarah M. Henderson, a native of Guernsey, Ohio. They have had twelve children, of whom seven are now living, five sons and two daughters. TtlLLIAM L. LINGLEY, son of John and ra Frances (Chandler) Lingley, was born in East- '^ port, Maine, November 30, 1831. His father was a native of Long Island, New York, and his mother a native of Nova Scotia. They made their home in Eastport, and both died in St. John, New Brunswick, the former in May, 1854, and the latter in 1867. William lived at home till ten years of age, when he went up the St. John's River and lived with a man named George Scribner for four years. He then went to Nova Scotia and remained a year. At the age of fifteen he became a sailor. He shipped at St. John, New Brunswick, on an En- glish vessel in the coaling trade, running from St. John to Pictou on the English side to Nova Scotia, and from there to Boston. After making the trip twice, he shipped on board of an American vessel and followed sailing for about twelve years, during the summer months plying along the coast, and in the winter making trips to the West Indies. After this he went back to Eastport and was married to Harriet Maria Lincoln, a native of Perry, Maine, March 24, i8S3- In 1855 he went to Pembroke, Maine, and began teaming for the iron works there, being in the employ of William E. Coffin & Co. till February, 1864, when he enlisted in Company B, Thirty-first Maine Infantry, 306 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." and was discharged on account of disability in March, 1865. Returning to Pembroke, he made that his home till September 15, 1875, when he left for Cali- fornia and located at Felton, Santa Cruz County. He was there until May, 1878, when he removed to Klikitat County, Washington Territory, and remained there till 1880, when he returned to California and located in Los Gatos, where he still lives. They reared one daughter, Efifie Z., who died at Stoughton, Massachusetts, February 27, 1876, in her twenty-first year. She was the wife of Eben F. Williamson. Mr. Lingley is a member of E. O. C. Ord Post, No. 82, G. A. R., of Los Gatos; also of Los Gatos Lodge, No. 76, A. O. U. W. -3-» -^S- (ifELVILLE S. BOWDISH was born in Milford, Otsego County, New York, March 7, 1837. His ^ parents, Joseph and Ann (Fairchild) Bowdish, were both natives of New York State. They reared a family of seven children, all of whom are living — five sons and two daughters. Joseph Bowdish died in 1877, and his wife in 1881, each being eighty- two years of age at time of death. Melville was raised in Otsego County until eleven years of age, when his parents removed to Illinois, and settled on Fox River, in Kane County, where he lived until 1858, receiving a common-school education. In 1858 he came to California, and located in Contra Costa County. He first worked on a ranch by the month, then bought a threshing-machine and threshed for two seasons. Between times be was engaged in ditching. He built the first ditching-machine used in California, and used quite a number of them near Antioch. He was engaged in that business until i860, when he went back to his home in Illinois and remained five years. In 1866 he returned to California, and located in San Francisco, and began the manufacture of mills for grinding feed for stock, in which business he con- tinued for two years, when he sold out to M. C. Haw- ley & Co., who owned at that time one of the largest hardware and agricultural implement houses on the coast. Mr. Bowdish was employed by them, and was a traveling salesman for them eight years. In 1876 Mr. Bowdish bought property in the town of Santa Clara and moved there, and at the same time bought a ranch near Los Gatos. From that to the present time he has made his home at Santa Clara. Besides his property in Santa Clara he has three ranches, a wood ranch of 160 acres, a grain and stock ranch of 200 acres, and a fruit ranch containing fifty acres. Mr. Bowdish was married in October, 1865, to Eliza Acres, a native of Kane County, Illinois, who died in September, 1867. Mr. Bowdish was again married, December 23, 1869, to Eleanor J. Ormsby, also a native of Kane County, Illinois. They have two children : May P., born May 4, 1877, and Arthur J., born October 28, 1880. ^].lt?\ANIEL B. AUSTIN, son of Alvin B. and Salhe D. (Rumsey) Austin, was born in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, February 12, 1834. His father was of Scotch and German descent, and his mother of Scotch and French, and both were reared near Lake Champlain. His father was born in 1800, and was a drummer boy in the War of 1812. He died on the home place, in 1882, and his wife, born 1 801, died in 1884. He was a lumberman, and at one time owned large timber tracts in Tioga County. They reared a family of seven children, six sons and one daughter, of whom all are living except the fifth son. Daniel B. Austin remained on the home place until he was eighteen years of age, and in 1853 came to California, by Nicaragua route, from New York, through Central America, and arrived at San Fran- cisco April 12, 1853. His first employment was on the steam ferry-boat Clinton, plying between San Fran- cisco and San Antonio (now East Oakland), where he remained nine months, at a salary of $16 per day. He then engaged in the butchering business in San Francisco, and subsequently became a farmer at San Pablo, Contra Costa County, in partnership with Dr. J. M. Tewksbury, who owned a large tract of land there. He farmed until 1863, when he went to Austin, Nevada, where his brother, A. B. Austin, resided, and after whom the town was named. Mr. Austin at once engaged in engineering and mining, and followed this business, pi'incipally, for nineteen years. He put up a number of quartz mills for reducing ores, etc. He returned to California in 1882, and, after looking around over the State, selected Santa Clara for a home and purchased sixty acres, situated about a mile and a quarter from Los Gatos, on the Los Gatos and Sara- toga road. In May, 1888, he sold all his land, except two and a quarter acres, where his residence is situ- ated. He was married at Austin, Nevada, in 1867, to Felicitas Falez, a Mexican lady by birth, whose father was a prospector and miner in the State of Nevada. She died in 1869, leaving one daughter, Delphena C, born December 24, 1869. Mr. Austin BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCIIEH. 307 again married, November 8, 1871, taking this time Sarah C. Rumsey, a native of Pennsylvania. They have six children: George B., born March 5, 1873; Birdie E., May 31, 1874; Floyd L,, October 27, 1875; Luther R,, January 5, 1877; Ruby S., February 27, 1879; Jesse S., May 27, 1882. Mr. Austin is one of the original stockholders of the LosGatos and Saratoga Wine and Fruit Company, and one of the directors of the corporation. He has also an interest in some silver mines in Nye County, Nevada. He was mainly instrumental in having the Austin School District, in which he resides, estab- lished, and the district was named after him. He was a member of the celebrated First California Guard, under Captain Bluxon. Each member of this com- pany was six feet high. Their armory was located on Pine Street, San Francisco, and they encamped three months each year on the Alameda, in San Jose. OHN CILKER, son of John and Elizabeth (Bar- *^ log^) Cilker, was born in Hanover, Germany, "^ March 15, 1833. His parents came to the United States when he was an infant, and located in Detroit, Michigan. They afterwards removed to Joliet, Illi- nois, where his mother died about 1840, and then his father moved back to Detroit, where he died in 1841. Upon his father's death he was bound out to a law- yer in Detroit named Alexander Buell, and lived with him about two years, when Mr. Buell's wife died and he was again bound out to a man named Peter Fisher, living with him two years, and when fourteen years old started for himself He lived in Wisconsin, Illi- nois, and Missouri. In 1857 he came to California and went into the gold mines near Placerville. In June, 1858, he went to the Eraser River mines in British Columbia, where he mined for a while and then went to Washington Territory and engaged in the lumber business, which he followed for ten years. Mr. Cilker was married in Victoria, British Columbia, December 9, 1867, to Jane Lipsett, a native of County Donegal, Ireland, and then came to Santa Clara County and settled on his present place, on which all the improvements were made by him. He has eight children living, — three girls and five boys. Mr. Cilker is a stockholder and president of the Co- operative Wine Company of Los Gatos. He has I74acres planted as follows: Twelve acres to almonds, now six years old and in good bearing; seventeen acres in French prunes, of which ten acres are five years old and seven acres three years old. He has had one good crop from the older trees, and the trees are full ihis year. He has 212 cherry trees six years old, bearing well; eight acres in white egg plums about two years old, and a family orchard of three acres of different varieties, consisting of 250 trees, which are doing well, and five acres of peaches, two years old. He has also a large vineyard, of which 10,000 vines are three years old, 10,000 two years old, and 8,000 one year old. gdw^ILLIAM G. ALEXANDER, son of Calvin and Anna (Wright) Alexander, was born in Madison County, New York, December 12, 1829. His father was a native of Canada and his mother of New York State. William remained with his parents until he became of age, when he be- gan work at the carpenter trade and followed it in Monroe County till the spring of 1854, when he came to California and located at Sacramento, where he worked at his trade for one year. The following year he went to the mines on Scott River, and in the spring of 1858 returned to Monroe County, New York, and September 30, 1858, was married to Julia A. Colles- ter, a native of that county. After his marriage he bought a farm in Monroe County, where he remained two years. In the spring of i860 he went to St. Joseph, Michigan, where he remained till 1875. During this time he was engaged in different kinds of business. The first year he was a contractor, then for three years he was engaged in buying and shipping fruit to Chicago. After that for two years he was in-, terested in the manufacturing and shipping of lumber. He then went into the business of manufacturing brick and shipping the same to Chicago, after the great Chicago fire. In May, 1875, he came to Oak- land, California, where he remained one year in the business of contractor and house builder. In the spring of the next year he removed to Santa Cruz, where he continued his business as contractor till Feb- ruary, 1884, when he came to Los Gatos and located. Since he came here his principal business has been contracting and building. In August, 1 887, he became associated with W. Peck & Co. in the real-estate and insurance business. He started the Los Gatos Land Agency, consisting of W.Peck, W. G. Alexander, and Z. H. Vohde. He has a son, Monroe Hamilton Alexander, born July 21, 1855, who graduated at the University of the Pacific in 1881, and is now a Pro- 308 PiiN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.'" fessor of English Literature in the same college. He has a daughter, Jennie Lulu, born in St. Joseph, Mich- igan, December 21, 1868, also a graduate of the University of the Pacific in June, 1887. -^^& 'RS. H. G. MAYNARD located in Santa Clara County in 1887, purchasing a property between ^j^ Los Gatos and Saratoga for the benefit .of her children. The ranch contains forty acres, and is called " Mascot Villa." Thirty-five acres are in fruit-trees. There are 3,000 French prune, 650 peach, 370 Bartlett pear, 570 apple, and 200 apricot trees, all in full bearing. There is a nice spring of water on the place. The house is a large and substantial one, surrounded by well-kept grounds, with ornamental shrubbery, etc., and is kept in excellent order, thanks to the energetic management of H. G. Maynard, Jr. Mrs. Maynard is the wife of H G. Maynard, who came to California in 1850, and in 1855 went to Gold Hill, Nevada, and became interested in many lines of business, being very successful as a banker. He built some seventy-five houses in the town, includ- ing one large block called the "Maynard Block." He was married in 1864 to his present wife, she being the widow of James D. Jackson, M. D., of Worcester, Massachusett.s, who died in San Francisco, in 1863. After Mr. Maynard's marriage, he returned to Massachusetts and built a summer residence in North- borough, and a winter residence in Boston, where he lived five years. He then sold his Eastern property and returned to San Francisco, where he bought property on Bush Street, and built seven houses be- tween Powell and Mason Streets. In 1884 he went to Washoe City, Nevada, and engaged with Gov. C. C. Stephenson in the Willow Creek silver and lead mines, devoting his attention solely to the mines. 5_(gC..^g)-€ B. McNEAL, one of Santa Clara County's wor- thy and highly esteemed citizens, was born in ■y^ Bangor, Maine, December 14, 1837. After re- ceiving a common-school education in his native State, he engaged in the lumber business with his father. At twenty-one years of age he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and engaged in lumbering. He then went South, where for a time he managed a plantation, but afterward returned to Minnesota and resumed the lumber business. In 1859 he sailed from St. Paul for California, landing in San Francisco July 5 of that year. Like the majority of new-comers in the early days, Mr. McNeal went to the mines. He was there engaged in getting out timber for mining purposes. At the breaking out of the late war Mr. McNeal enlisted in the Union Army and served for about three years. At the close of the Rebellion he settled in Alameda County, California, and engaged in farming. In October, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary May. To them have been born four chil- dren, one boy and three girls. The family are con- sistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. McNeal is a member of the A. O. U. W. Lodge, and in politics he is a Prohibitionist. The family res- idence is situated on the Berryessa road, where Mr. McNeal owns twenty acres of fine land, which is de- voted to fruit culture. 'HRISTIAN WENTZ was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, August 13, 1822. In 1833 he emigrated to America with his par- ents and settled in the vicinity of Port Deposit, Maryland, where he lived until he attained his majority. He was one of the first in his locality to start for the California gold mines. He took passage on the ship Greyhound aX Baltimore, January 10, 1849. On June 3 he arrived in San Francisco and at once went to the mines at Jamestown, in Tuolumne County. He there worked until fall, when he returned to San Francisco. In the spring of i8sohe again went to the mines,^this time on the Yuba River near Foster's Bar. He soon became dissatisfied with mining and returned to San Francisco, and in November, 1850, he came to Santa Clara County, where he began farming near San Jose. In 1856 he removed to his present residence, at Gilroy (now Old Gilroy, the new town being started in 1 861). Mr. Wentz has always taken an active part in pub- lic affairs, and is recognized as a man of clear percep- tions and sound views, and has often been called upon by his fellow-citizens to fill positions of honor and trust. In 1 86 1 he was elected Justice of the Peace for Gilroy Township, and from 1872 to 1876 was Deputy County Assessor, and again in 1880 and 1881. In 1880 he was elected to the General Assembly from Santa Clara County and served his constituents with honor and credit. He served on the Committees on Horticulture and Vines, Commerce, and Navigation, BIOGRAnnCAL SKETCHES. 309 and Labor, at both the regular and called sessions. In 1882 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of County Treasurer of Santa Clara County. Mr. Wentz has fifty-one acres of land, in two tracts, and all his land is used either for dairying- or fruit- raising purposes. He has an orchard of fourteen acres, which contains most of the varieties of fruit suitable to this climate. Some of the trees are very old and have attained a large growth. Four acres of this orchard were set out by Mr. Wentz in 1887-88. He regards the French prunes as the most successful fruit, as far as abundance of yield is concerned, al- though he has had great success with Bartlett pears. On his home place he has ten acres which he has cropped for twenty-seven years, and it yet produces an average of three tons of hay to the acre, and there -has never been a failure. He milks about thirty cows, and ships the product to customers at Soledad and San Francisco. He manufactures both "Flats " and "Young Americas." In April, i85S> Mr. Wentz was united in marriage to Eliza E., daughter of Elder J. K. Rule. In 1868 he was one of fifty who purchased the Justo Rancho from Col. W. W. Hollister, and laid it out into homesteads, and also laid out the town of Hollister, now the county seat of San Benito County. — -^M-^-^- — 1^ S. ROGERS, of the firm of Morey & Rogers in S^ Gilroy, was born in Hardwick, Worcester County, ■'.' Massachusetts, August 15, 1822. His parents were Obadiah and Lydia (Reed) Rogers, both of whom belonged to old Massachusetts families. They are both dead. In 1832, when ten years of age, his parents removed to Lenawee County, Michigan, where he received his education and subsequently taught school. In 1848 he went to Georgetown, in Scott County, Kentucky, and engaged in teaching there, and two years later crossed the plains to California, ar- riving at Placerville, September 2, 1850. Here he en- gaged in mining and also practiced dentistry. At the end of six years he returned to the Eastern States and practiced his profession for nine months, when he came again to California and located in EI Dorado County, where he worked at dentistry and also engaged in the business of running a saw-mill. This mill was unfortunately destroyed by fire, whereby a heavy loss was sustained. Consequently, in search of fresh fields for his energy, he came to Santa Clara County, in 1 866, and located his family temporarily in Santa Clara, but removed to Gilroy September 4, 1867. About this time he entered into partnership with J. C. Zuck for the purpose of conducting a real-estate business, and later Mr. Hoover join<'d the firm, when the style of the firm became Zuck, Rogers & Hoover. He was largely instrumental in opening many of the promi- nent thoroughfares in Gilroy. The firm of Morey & Rogers was organized in September, 1887, to do a general real-estate and insurance business. In his political affiliations, Mr. Rogers is a Republi- can. He was married October 23, 1856, to Dency C. Wilder, a native of New York, by whom he had three children, namely: Edward O., born August 29, 1861, died September 17, 1863; Fanny W., born Au- gust 9, 1865; and Eugene F., May 15, i? ^^O^^^ JOHN MURDOCK was born in County Down, Ireland, October 23, 1832, his parents being James and Ann (McKee) Murdock, both of Scotch blood. At the age of seventeen he came to the United States with his brother, locating in Arkansas, where he remained until 1852, when he crossed the plains to Marysville, California, and found employ- ment in a bakery for a while. He next went to Sutter County, where he engaged in stock-raising, and in 1868 came to Santa Clara County, bringing eighty head of cattle with him. In 1876 he engaged in the dairying business, in which he has been successful. His present residence was erected in 1S79. Mr. Murdock was married in Sutter County, Janu- ary 10, 1867, to Miss Catherine L. Bostwick, a native of Ohio, and of Pennsylvania ancestry. They have nine children: William Henry, residing in Fresno; Mary Ann, wife of C. Doan, residing in San Benito County; David M., a resident of San Jose; Noble D., a resident of San Felipe; Sarah Jane, John C, Charles N., Robert Frederick, and Catherine L. Mrs. Murdock died in August, 1879. In politics Mr. Murdock is a Republican. He is ^ now, and has been for fifteen years, a School Trustee in Rhodes School District. He has a fine garden, and raises nearly all kinds of vegetables. Wild clover and oats were found growing on the place when he set- tled on it. The bur clover is the best feed he has, and the alfalfa also does well. He usually rents about 100 acres in the valley for feed for his stock, and runs his stock on that when he can. Mr. Murdock has a ranch of 879 acres, nearly eight miles due east from Gilroy, in the Caflada De Los Osos. He has from 100 310 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." to 150 head of stock cattle, and usually milks about forty cows, and makes 100 pounds of cheese per day, for which he finds a market in San Francisco. He has obtained as high as eighteen cents per pound for cheese this season. He manufactures the Young America cheese, which averages eight pounds each. He raises the Durham breed of cattle, preferring them to any other for dairj' purposes. ^■ ,-^^ MIANIEL GARTELMANN was born in Bremen, G^ Germany, September 29, 1829. His parents, J^ Henry and Mattie Gartelmann, remained in Germany, where they died. They reared a family of eight children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest. He lived on his father's farm until 1847, when he went to London, England. In 1849 he came to the United States, and first located in New York. He was employed in the mercantile business as a clerk, and afterward engaged in the business for himself, in which he continued until 1854. From New York he went to Savannah, Georgia, where he remained a short time, and then went to Phila- delphia, and was employed in a sugar refinery, having learned the business during his residence in London. From Philadelphia he went to New York, and soon after, in 1857, sailed from that port for California, vm Panama, arriving in San Francisco in August of that year. He engaged in the mercantile business at San Francisco, purchasing a half-interest in a business at the corner of Dupont and Pine Streets, where he re- mained for two years. He then sold out and again embarked in business on the corner of Drumm and Jackson Streets, and continued there until 1864. He then came to Santa Clara County, but still retained his store in San Francisco, until it was destroyed by fire in 1865. This was quite a heavy loss to Mr. Gar- telmann, there being only a small insurance on the property. When he came to this valley he bought 320 acres of land, in company with a man named Henry Wilbern, which partnership continued for two years, when they dissolved, Mr. Gartelmann purchas- ing his present property in the Collins School District, Fremont Township. The place originally contained 160 acres, and in the course of three years he bought another 160 acres. The land was mostly in its wild state, being covered wit 1 chaparral and trees, with only a small part of it cleared. Mr. Gartelmann directed his attention to making improvements on the place, clearing the land, building fences, and getting the ground in a state suitable for cultivation. It has cost him many a hard day's work, together with other- expenses, and he has lived to see good returns for his labor in the products of the place, and the great in- crease in value of the property. About seven years ago he commenced selling off portions of the land, and at the present time has sixty acres, all in a high state of cultivation. There is a vineyard of forty-five acres that is seven years old, and an orchard of about 1,200 trees, consisting principally of cherries and French prunes, together with a smaller number of other kinds of fruit, some of the trees being twelve years old. In 1887 the vineyard yielded about 150 tons of grapes. The present year (1888) he sold $86 worth of cherries from three-fourths of an acre of ground, besides supplying the family with what they wanted for home use. Mr. Gartelmann was married, in 1859, to Catherine Mary Vordman, a native of Germany, who came to California the same year. She died April 28, 1887, the mother of six children, of whom four are living : Matilda E., wife of Theodore Brohaske, of San Jose; Katie M., Annie, and Daniel H., all residents of this county. ILI ALMOND WILDER, son of Keyes and Tryphena Wilder, was born in Alexander, Gen- esee County, New York, September 13, 1815. His parents were natives of Massachusetts, and settled in New York in 1813 or '14. His father died in New York, and his mother in Wisconsin, a short time after removing there. Eli lived in New York until he was twenty-three years old, and attended the common schools, all that the country at that time afforded. In 1839 he removed to Wisconsin and en- gaged in farming for about five years, in Green Lake County. In 1844 he went into the mercantile busi- ness in the town of Mackford, and afterward in the village of Markesan. In 1858 he removed to Hum- boldt County, Iowa, and engaged in the mercantile business there till 1883, when he sold out and came to California and located in Los Gatos, where he has since resided. He purchased ten acres of what is known as the Almond Grove in Los Gatos, and laid it off into town lots in 1887. He was formerly a Whig, but is now a Republican ; he was County Clerk of Marquette County, Wisconsin, two terms. Justice of the Peace in the village of Markesan for about fifteen years, elected a Justice of the Peace in Los Gatos in i886, which BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 311 position he still holds, and is also Judge of the Re- corder's Court of Los Gatos. Mr. Wilder was married, September 17, 1851, to Julia A. Harkness, a native of Pennsylvania. — -«M«— E. WILDER was born in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, October 6, 1853, where he lived until he was thirteen years old, when he moved with his parents to Iowa. He attended the public schools of Iowa and the Jefferson Liberal Institute of Jefferson, Wisconsin. His commercial education was received at Dubuque, Iowa. He came to California in 1882, and in the spring of 1885 was engaged as Assistant Cashier of the Bank of Los Gatos. In Jan- uary, 1886, he was promoted Cashier, which position he now fills. He was married in 1874, to Cynthia I. Tibbetts, a native of Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Mr Wilder was interested in the Almond Grove Addition to Los Gatos, which was annexed to the city in Sep- tember, 1887. He was elected first clerk of the Los Gatos Board of Trustees when the city was incorpo- rated, and served one term. He is a prominent Odd Fellow, and has been connected with the order since 1877. -->H4^:=^4«H^— "TAMES E. GORDON was born while his parents ,©/' were on their way from Newark, New Jersey, to ^ San Francisco, October 12, 1846. His father, James Gordon, was a native of New Jersey, and his mother of New Orleans, Louisiana. They did not reach California until 1849, although when they left New Jersey their objective point was San Francisco, but remained in Mexico during the Mexican War, contracting and furnishing the United States Army with supplies, and this and other business delayed their arrival in San Francisco. At that time San Francisco was no larger than Los Gatos is to-day. The vessel on which they made the voyage was an old Dutch bark called the Alexander Von Humboldt, and among her passengers were many who subse- quently became prominently identified with the his- tory of California, among them being C. P. Hunt- ington, of the Central Pacific Railroad, and Isaac E. Davis, President of the Society of California Pioneers. In 1852, Mr. Gordon attended for a short time the pioneer public school of California, in San Francisco, taught by John C. Pelton, and in i860 the Rincon School, taught by the veteran John Swett; but the most of his education has been self-acquired. He went to the mines and participated as far as a boy could in the various mining experiences which made California's history interesting. He followed mining for about ten years, assisting his father a part of the time in extensive mining operations. His father lost heavily in this business, and died in 1859, leaving James to support himself and mother. In 1863 he entered the employ of L. B. Benchley & Co., wholesale hardware dealers in San Francisco, as errand-boy, at a salary of $20 per month, and left them in 1875 as manager, with a salary of $4,000 per annum. He then bought out the old firm of Marsh, Pillsbury & Co., a branch of the Boston house of May & Co., the oldest hardware house in America. He did business for five years as James E. Gordon & Co., when he incorporated as The Gordon Hardware Company, being the first jobbing house on the coast to incor- porate, an example which was soon followed by the heaviest houses in that line. In connection with the main house, branch houses were established at Seattle, Washington Territory, and at Los Angeles, under the same firm name. The management of the three houses telling upon his health at that time, he closed up his business in San Francisco and Los Angeles, and dis- posed of the greater portion of his interest in the Seattle house, and retired permanently from the hard- ware business. The Seattle house continues to do the largest business in that line in the Territory. In 1885, realizing that the fruit business would hereafter become the leading industry of the State, he decided to identify himself with it, purchasing the famous O'Banion & Kent orchard at Saratoga. The property consisted of eighty-six acres, all in bearing, for which he paid $72,000, which at that time was considered a ridiculously high price by those who were not aware of the profits derived from this class of property. At the same time he purchased a large interest in the Los Gatos Fruit Packing Company, of which institu- tion he is the financial director. In 1887 Mr. Gordon organized the Saratoga Village Improvement Asso- ciation, the object of which is to plant shade-trees, sprinkle roadways, cultivate social intercourse, and in other ways to make Saratoga a desirable place of residence. Milton H. Myrick, ex-Supreme Court Justice of this State, is its President, and has con- tributed much to its success already achieved. Mr. Gordon's orchard consists of nearly 10,000 trees, com- posed of 3,000 apricots, 2,000 French prunes, 2,000 almonds, 1,000 peaches, and the remainder in plums. 312 PEN PICTURES FROM THE' "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." apples, pears, and cherries. He is now erecting a series of buildings for grading and packing green fruits for the market, and also for canning, drying, and making glace fruit — a form of crystallized fruit. A portion of the buildings will be ready for this season's crop, with greater extensions to be made for the future. Shortly after coming to the place he organized a stock company, and had the orchard in- corporated under the name of the Saratoga Orchard Company, with a capital stock of $100,000, one of the objects being the acquiring of adjacent land and setting it out into orchards. Mr. Gordon spends half of his time at his orchard, and the other half at his office in San Francisco, where he is operating on his own account in real estate. These operations extend from British Columbia to Mexico, a business he has been engaged in since he earned his first $20 piece. Mr. Gordon was married October 1 1, 1873, to Carrie S. Hooke, of San Francisco, a daughter of William H. Hooke, a prominent lumber dealer of that city. They have four children^three daughters and one son. §OHN W. BRYAN. The father of the subject of this sketch, Abner Bryan, was born in Saint T^ Charles, Missouri, March 17, 1802, where he lived to be grown. He was married to Mary Thomas, and removed to Greene County, Missouri, where he re- sided until 1845. At this early date Mr. Bryan, with his family of five sons, and another family named Scott, started for California. The two families, num- bering seventeen persons, made the trip across the plains, taking six months, lacking four days, to make the journey, from the time they started until they landed at Sacramento. The party stopped the first winter at Sutter's Fort. Captain Sutter gave them an adobe house to live in during the cold weather. From there they moved ten miles up the American River, to a place called Leigedoff Ranch, where they stopped a short time. In the same spring they started out with the intention of going to Oregon. They went up the Sacramento River about ninety miles, to what is known as Stony Creek, where they located, and remained two years. They built a large adobe house, and made everything as convenient as possible. In the fall of 1847 they came down to San Jose, and went hence to the mines at Hangtown, now Placer- ville, where the discovery of gold was made. They remained there in the mines until the fall of 1849, when they returned to San Jose, and removed from here to what is now Mountain View. It was not long before they went to Contra Costa County, thence to Salinas, Monterey. County, and from there they returned to Santa Clara County, and to the town of Santa Clara. From here he went to what is now San Benito County, then Monterey County. He made one or two other little moves, and finally went to Santa Barbara County, where he now resides. His wife died while crossing the plains, and was buried on the way. Mr. Bryan was married again. The issue of this marriage was five children — three sons and two daughters. John W. Bryan, the subject of this sketch, remained with his father until 1858. He was married, in i860, to Mary E. Logwood, a native of Texas, who came to California with her parents in 1853. Soon after his marriage Mr. Bryan came to Santa Clara County, where he has lived ever since. In October, 1865, he settled on his present place in Fremont Township, which contains eighty acres of land. Sixty acres are in orchard, numbering about 600 trees, the youngest of which is five years old. There are thirty acres in vines, from four to seven yeai'S old. The rest of the place is in grain and hay. Mr. and Mrs. Bryan have three children : William, Josie, and Lilian Gertrude. They have also lost two children : Luella died April 9, 1888, aged twenty-seven years; and Katie died in 1865, at the age of three years. ~^^r ipRANKLIN M. FAR WELL was born in Morris- <^^ ville, Madison County, New York, August 8, ^ 1834. His father, John W., was a native of Mansfield, Connecticut, where he was born Novem- ber 14, 1809, and, when quite young, moved to Madi- son County, New York, and was married there to Nancy M. Morris, a native of that county. Her father was also born in Connecticut, and removed at an early date to Madison County, New York. She was born November 12, 1812. John W. removed to New York city in 1846 and engaged in the mercantile business. In 1849 he came to San Francisco, and in 1856 moved, with his family, to the Farwell place near Saratoga. Previous to this date, in 1854, his son Charles took up some government land, and in 1855 built a house. His was a squatter claim, and the main house then built still stands. John W. the father, died September 6, 1866, and his wife died No- vember 20, 1885. They reared a family of six chil- BIOanAPlIICA L Sk'ETCIIJiJS. 31 y dren, four of whom grew to maturity; two are now living. Charles T. Farwell was drowned in the Fraser River in February, 1864. William H. Farwell died in December, 1877. The children now living are Franklin M. and Jennie M. Farwell. Frank M., the subject of this sketch, went to the California mines in Nevada and Sierra Counties in 1856, and mined there four or five years, when he came home and worked on the ranch till 1871; going then to San Francisco, he engaged in business there till 1878, when he returned to the ranch, where he has since lived! This ranch originally contained 160 acres; of this, sixty acres are in trees, viz., thirty-four acres in French prunes, twenty-two acres in winter pears for shipping, two acres in peaches, and one acre containing a variety of fruits. The apple and peach trees in the old family orchard, planted in 1856, are strong and healthy; also some plum trees twenty-five years old. In 1884, from two of these, 700 pounds from one, and 500 pounds from the other, were gath- ered. In 1886 the same results were obtained. Mr. Farwell is one of the most enterprising and public- spirited men in his section, and is always found at the front in any movement that tends to the public good, or the relief of the unfortunate. 'ON. W. Z. ANGNEY, deceased. There is no career so brilliant but that an additional bright- ness attaches to it from the charm of honesty, and the possession and retention of this jewel, by a man in public life, assures him a lasting place in the esteem of his fellow-men. Brilliancy, stability, and honesty, all these and more, were the posses.sion of the late distinguished man whose name heads this sketch. He was a native of Pennsylvania, born at Carlisle, the county seat of Cumberland County, on the third of October, 1818. He commenced his ed- ucation in the grammar department of the High School in his native borough, and at the age of seven- teen years commenced attendance at Dickinson Col- lege, at which institution he graduated with high rank, four years later. For his life vocation he chose the profession of the law, and commenced his legal studies under Mr. Alexander, of Carlisle, and was associated with that gentleman for two years. Rec- ognizing the fact that the place for a young inan to obtain a foot-hold in professional life was in the new West, rather than in the over-crowded East, Mr. Ang- ney removed to Missouri and located at Jefferson 40 City, the State capital, where he was soon afterward admitted to the Bar. At the breaking out of the Mexican War, he offered his services in behalf of his country, and received a Lieutenant's commission. He soon rose to the rank of Captain, and in the campaign commanded a brigade of regular troops. Some time after the close of the war, Mr. Angney was elected as one of the delegates from New Mexico, to urge upon the general government at Washington the impor- tance of, and necessity for, a civil government for the territory of New Mexico. At the end of one year, his mission being completed, he returned to New Mexico. In 185 1, however, he set out for California, at the head of a large party, and was the first man to drive sheep over that route. For some months he traveled throughout California, then returned to his native State. He determined, however, to make the Golden State his future home, and for that purpose returned to the Pacific Coast, via Panama, and in 1853 took up his residence in San Francisco. He resumed his profession, and in a short time built up a large practice, but having con- scientious scruples about the practice of law in San Francisco in those days, he decided to retire from it. In pursuance of this purpose he purchased a herd of sheep, and, coming to Santa Clara County, established himself upon the fine ranch west of Gilroy, now known as the Scott and Hersey place. Though he had given up -his chosen profession in obedience to the dictates of his conscience, he was too good a citizen to refrain from taking his part in the public affairs of the community, and in 1867 he was put forward and chosen, by the electors of his legislative district to a seat in the General Assembly of the State. In the session of 1867-68 he was Chairman of the impor- tant standing Committee on Ways and Means, and of the special Committee on the Adoption of a Uni- form System of Fees for all the counties of the State. He was also a member of the standing Committee on Education. In July, 1870, he was appointed by Governor Haight as a member of the State Board of Equal- ization, a position of honor and of. great impor- tance. While a member of that Board, he was re- quested by Governor Haight to undertake the work of the revision of the code, or that portion of it em- braced in the Revenue Law. In a matter of such importance but few men, however great their capa- bilities, are competent to take charge. Captain Ang- ney, with his clear head and studious habits, was pro- posed as the one man best fitted for the work. In 314 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." compliance with the Governor's request, he undertook the work, assisted by Mr. Maslin, the Clerk of the Board. It required great labor and intense mental ap- plication, but he had the satisfaction to see that his revision was, for the most part, accepted by the code revisers. That satisfaction was, however, the only compensation he ever received, as he asked for and received no pay for his labors. The meed of credit should have been given, but this was scarcely done, and his name is known, in this connection, only by the few immediately identified with the work. He did not care, however; when a duty was done, a good accomplished, the reward of conscience satisfied him. In 187s he was again called by the electors of his district to perform public duty, and was chosen by them to a seat in the State Senate. In this body he was chosen Chairman of the Committee on Finance. He was also a Chairman of the Committee on Pub- lic Lands, and a member of those on Agriculture, Fisheries, and Public Morals. He served through the first session with great distinction, and in his appear- ance at the opening of the session of 1877-78, it was noticed that his health was fast failing. When, the Senate adjourned for the Christmas holidays, he went to his home, never again to leave it in life. His death occurred on the twenty-eighth of January, 1878. Great sorrow was felt on account of his death, not only at his home and in his family, but throughout the State, and among his public associates. Many of the leading newspapers of the State said that the Senate had lost its most profound scholar, and not one notice failed to speak of the proud heritage of an honest and noble name he had left to his widow. The committee appointed by the Senate to attend the funeral in an official capacity consisted of Senators Murphy, Montgomery, Flint, Fowler, and Evans. It was universally acknowledged that the State had lost one of its ablest and most conscientious statesmen. Captain Angney was indeed a noble man, whose chief aim it was through life to do good. His widow, the companion who stood by him through life, and helped him in all the tedious details of his public labors, deserves in this connection much more than a passing mention. Mrs. Angney's maiden name was Lydia Frances Witham. She was born at Denmark, Oxford County, Maine. Her father, EH Witham, was a native of Maine, and one of the old families of that State, his ancestors having been resi- dents there at the time of the Revolutionary War. They were of English origin, and the seat of the family, on the eastern coast of England, bears the name of Witham, and is situated on the banks of a river of the same name. Eli Witham was reared in Maine, and married at Durham, New Hampshire, to Miss Hannah Fernald, who was a native of Ports- mouth, New Hampshire, which had been the family home from the time of their settlement in America. Her Grandfather Fernald was a native of England, and he was the founder of the family in this country. He located in Portsmouth, and engaged in commer- cial life. His death, which occurred at Boston, was the result of an accident, he having been killed by the firing of a gun which was intended as a salute to a ship belonging to him, which was coming into the harbor. His son, Gilbert Fernald, the grandfather of Mrs. Angney, was a learned man, and profound writer. Mrs. Angney has a volume of poems, his production, which bespeak the talent and culture of the author. Eli Witham, father of Mrs. Angney, was a farmer, who cleared up a farm amid the heavy timber land of Maine, and there lived until his death, and the farm remained in the family name until the fall of 1887. Mrs. Angney received the advantages of such edu- cational facilities as the schools of the neighborhood afforded during her early youth, and at the age of fifteen years she was graduated, then engaged in teaching for a time, after which she attended the Coney Female Academy at Augusta, Maine, where she completed her school education. Her health not being able to withstand the rigors of the Maine cli- mate, she came to California in the fall of 1858, with friends from home, and, while residing at San Fran- cisco, was married, in 1864, to Captain Angney. She has been a constant contributor to the press, and be- sides has written a number of excellent poems, some of which have been printed many times, and widely read, but many of the gems of her pen have never yet been offered to the public. When quite young, in Maine, she commenced writing for the press, and her earliest contributions were given to the Scholar^ Leaf, a children's publication, and afterward to vari- ous papers in New England. She has been a con- tributor to the papers of New York city and San Francisco, besides the Santa Clara County papers, and still occasionally writes for the papers of her na- tive State. Her charitable work has been somewhat independent of societies, though she always responded to every call on her benevolence for the advancement or amelioration of the conditions of the human race. The following beautiful poem, written by Mrs. Ang- ney, was published in the San Francisco Examiner soon after the death of her husband: — BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 315 LINES. SUGGESTED BY READING THE POEM, THE " PARTING HOUR.' By the beat of my troubled heart, By the anguish that fills my breast, By the burning tears which start. By the nights that bring no rest, I can read the poet well; His meaning is well-defined: " The one who goes is happier Than those he leaves behind. " If they go but to come again After a few short years, 'I'is not the ones that are going That shed the bitterest tears; New life, new scenes are before them. New objects to cheer the mind; But the thoughts of the absent are ever With those that are left behind. But when the dark doors are opened. The doors of the dismal tomb ; When the last good-by is spoken, And the loved one gone too soon, — " Gone from all care and trouble " Is the only solace we find; But God, I know, will remember The sorrowful ones behind. L^AMES TAYLOR, son of James and Margaret &_ (Ellen) Taylor, was born in Providence, Rhode ^ Island, January 19, 1825. His father was a na- tive of Ireland and his mother of Scotland. They lived and died in Rhode Island. The subject of this sketch is one of two children. When about sixteen years old he left home and began life for himself In 1852 he came to California via Cape Horn, leav- ing New York February 2, and arriving in San Fran- cisco July 3 of that year. He came in the clipper ship Kaie Hayes, commanded by Captain Moran, In San Francisco he engaged in different occupations till 1856, when he bought a small farm in the Willows near San Jose. In 1857 he sold out and located in the Santa Cruz Mountains. He owned three different places before he purchased his present one in 1863, and moved upon this latter place in 1864, where he has since resided. He has eighty-four acres, of which twenty-iive acres are in orchard and ten in vines. He has about 1,300 French, and 60 silver, prunes, all from seven to eight years old; 500 &%^ plums, three years old; 500 apple trees, ten years old; 350 Bartlett pears, four years old, except a few which are ten years old, besides a family orchard of different kinds. The vineyard " consists of Muscats, Verdal, Tokay, and Black Ferraar, two-thirds being in Muscats, twelve years old. Mr. Taylor has a number of large trees on his place, one redwood eighteen feet in diameter, and a tan oak ten feet in diameter. Competent wood- men suppose that there are twenty-seven cords of wood in the two trees. Mr. Taylor was married, in 1854, to Margaret Hig- gins, a native of New Jersey, whose parents died when she was very young. They have one son, Will- iam Dennis Taylor, who resides at home. Mrs. Tay- lor crossed the plains in 1845, the trip with ox teams occupying seven or eight months. ffiWEN E. GAFFANY was born on the Atlantic '%^ Ocean, on the brig Constitution, off Philadelphia, 4? June 12, 1835. His parents, Patrick and Anna ^ (Ward) Gaffany, were natives of the eastern part of Ireland. In May, 1835, they started for America, the subject of this sketch being born, as above stated, before reaching America. His father located on Grand Isle, an island in Lake Champlain, in Grand Isle County, Vermont, where he remained five or six years, when he. removed to Beekman, Clinton County, New York. He afterwards returned to Vermont and lo- cated at Winooski, in Chittenden County, where he remained for about eighteen years, when he bought a farm at Underbill, Chittenden County, Vermont, and here he lived till his death, in 1882. He had six children, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. Owen lived with his parents till he was twenty-one years of age. He was married February 12, 1858, to Mary O'Brien, a native of Ireland. He then went to work in, and had charge of, a lime quarry for three years, when he went to work for the Vermont Central Railroad, and was thus employed off and on for three or four years; then he went back to the lime quarry, where he remained till the fall of 1863, when he en- listed in the Second Vermont Battery and remained in it until mustered out at the close of the war. He was with this battery at Savannah, Mobile, Pleasant Hill, Black Gulf, and other skirmishes. After his dis- charge at Burlington, Vermont, in 1865, he went home, and two months afterward again went into the employ of the Vermont Central Railroad, where he remained till the spring of 1868. In that year he left his family in Vermont and came to California, and in 1869 his family followed him. Upon his arrival in California he worked for I. J. Hattabough on his ranch about three miles southwest of San Jose, and after remaining 316 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' with him for six months came to Los Gatos, and here he worked till the next April, when he went to work in the Redwoods for the Santa Clara Company. The first year he worked in a saw-mill and the next year for Covell Brothers, contractors for the Santa Clara Mill and Lumber Company. Fie then went to work for the Santa Clara Valley Mill and Lumber Com- pany and remained with them six or seven years in tlie Santa Cruz Mountains, Santa Cruz County, his family being with him. In 1877 he bought his pres- ent ranch near Los Gatos, containing about 100 acres. He cleared the land and made the improvements on it. He now has about fifty acres under cultivation, fifteen acres being in fruit, principally in apricots, peaches, and prunes, besides other varieties in his family orchard. The most of his trees are four years old, while a few are ten years old. On the remaining portion of his land he raises hay. He is a member of E. O. C. Ord Post, No. 82, G. A. R., of Los Gatos, and at present its Post Commander. He has five children: Mary, who. is one of the Sisters in the Convent of Notre Dame in San Francisco; John E., Anna, F. C, who is engaged in the mercantile busi- ness in Los Gatos; Josephine J., and Nellie L., who live at home. In politics Mr. Gaffany is a Democrat. ^ACKUS L. BARTLETT, son of Martin and yW" Abigail (Smith) Bartlett, was born in Fonda's _,/.-,_ Bush, Fulton County, New York, January 4, 1822. At the age of fifteen he became a clerk in a mercantile house in Albany, and at the end of seven years became a partner of his employer, the business being carried on under the firm name of B. L. Bartlett & Co. This was a branch store. At the end of five years (in 1849) he went to New York city, where he remained till 1852, when he came to Cali- fornia, and settled at Shasta, in Shasta County; there he remained till 1861, carrying on a mercantile busi- ness, and then removed to Red Bluff Tehama County, and engaged in the forwarding business for about three years, when he was appointed Deputy Internal Revenue Collector, at San Francisco, in which service he continued till 1873. Since that time he has been Adjuster to the Board of Trade of San Francisco. In politics he is a Republican. He owns a ranch of twenty-two and one-half acres at Los Gatos, but on account of his business he is obliged to live in San Francisco. He has 400 apricot, 500 Bartlett pear, and 400 French prune trees six years old, and 350 French prune, 350 peach, and 100 apricot trees one year old, besides 300 grape-vines. In 1887, when his apricot trees were but five years old, they yielded him $175 per acre. It was an off year for prunes, but this fruit yielded $50 per acre. The indications point to a heavy yield of prunes and pears this year. Matter L. BLABON was bom in Chesterville, 'S^^ Franklin County, Maine, July 12, 1830. His Hg<>gH^- ^ENRY FARR was born in the township of ^^ife Gellhausen, town of Spielberg, Germany, June 10, 1829, his parents being Wilhelm and Cath- erin (Werd) Farr, who died in Germany, the former about 1852, and the latter in 1868. They reared a family of eight children, of whom five are now living, and, with the exception of one, are in the United States. Henry was reared and educated in his native town, devoting a part of his time to work on his father's farm near the town of Spielberg. At the age of eighteen years he sailed from Brem- erhaven for the United States, and landed at Balti- more. The next day he left for Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, and there bound himself out for two years to learn the cooper's trade. He served the full time of his apprenticeship, and remained to work at his trade for two or three years. He then spent some time in traveling around from one place to another, along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, going as far south as New Orleans, and as far north as Quincy, Illinois. In 1854 he went by steamer from Evansville, Indi- ana, down the river to New Orleans, where he took a steamer for the Isthmus of Panama. He crossed the Isthmus and embarked for San Francisco, where he landed in January, 1855. He made a trip up the Sacramento River to the mines near Georgetown, ar- riving there in the winter. The weather being cold, and his health poor, Mr. Farr remained but a short time, when he returned to Sacramento. Here he stopped a few days, and then went to Colusa County, where he engaged in chopping wood and getting out rails. After being there about a year and a half, he, together with a friend named Myers, bought a piece of land, and engaged in farming and stock-raising. Here he remained for thirteen years, during which time he returned East to Allegheny City, Pennsylva- nia, and was married, in i860, to Anna Mary Hoehl, a native of Germany, born in Gedern, near Frank- furt, June 10, 1835. Mrs. Farr came to this country with her parents when she was twelve years old, and lived in Allegheny until she was married. After their residence in Colusa County, Mr. Farr and his family went to San Francisco, where they lived about four months, and then came down to San Jose. About a month later, in 1868, Mr. Farr pur- chased his present place in the Lincoln School Dis- trict, which he named " Grand View " vineyard, and which at that time contained 240 acres. About a year afterward he bought 153 acres more, and later on sold SO acres, having at the present time 343 acres, of which all but 83 acres is under cultivation. There are sixty acres in vineyard, all wine grapes, from two to six years old, also a family orchard of about four acres in good bearing condition. The bal- ance of the place is in grain and hay. Mr. and Mrs. Farr have nine children: Henry, Louis, Edwin, Ar- thur, Mary, Rudolph, Oscar, Addie, and Emma, all of whom are residing at home, with the exception of Louis. The first four were born in Colusa County, Mary was born in San Francisco, and the others in this county. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 319 ^AMUEL TEMPLETON, son of Archibald and Olivia Templeton, was born in County Antrim, twenty miles from Belfast, Ireland, October ii, 1832. His father was a farmer, and he remained with him till twenty-three years of age, when he came to New York, where he was located for three years. In March, 1858, he started for California, and arrived in Los Gatos in April of that year, in search of work. He soon found employment with the Santa Cruz Gap Turnpike and Tunnel Company, who owned a toll- road running from Los Gatos to Santa Cruz County, which was the first toll-road in this section of the county. After remaining with this company a short time, he went into the lumber and stock business, during which time he purchased 500 acres of land in Santa Cruz County. In 1875 he removed to Los Gatos and built himself a home, and shortly after sold his 500-acre tract. In 1876 he attended the Centennial at Philadelphia, and the same year visited his old home in Ireland. His parents had both died a few years before this. Upon his return he engaged in no particular business until the Los Gatos Fruit Packing Company was or- ganized, in 1882, in which business he is a large stock- holder and President. Mr. Templeton was married, June 30, 1867, to Mrs. Jane (Duncan) Healy, who is also a native of Ireland. -^^ cSlSNOCH J. PARRISH was born in Hopkins County, Kentucky, February 4, 1858. His fa- ther, Jefferson J., was a native of North Carolina, who went to Kentucky when twenty-one years old, in 1842, and died there in July, 1886. He mar- ried Lucretia Madison, also a native of North Carolina. She died in 1864. They reared three sons and one daughter: the latter is deceased. Mr. Parrish married his second wife, Victoria Boyd, who is now residing in Kentucky. By her he had seven children, of whom four sons and two daughters are living. Enoch, the subject of this sketch, was reared on the home place in Kentucky, and lived there till twenty-one years old, obtaining a common-school education. In 1879 he came to California and located in Fresno County, where he remained two years and a half, working on a ranch. From there he went to Redwood City, and for five years was engaged at the carpenter's trade, which he learned there. In the spring of 1887 he came to Santa Clara County, where he has since resided, having bought his place here in 1883. He owns fifteen acres, which are in vines five years old. He is an enterprising and industrious young man. He still works at his trade, improving his place all the time, until it is now very attractive. He was married April 28, 1887, to Minnie L. Breckinridge, a native of Canada, who came to California in 1864. .I^ATHAN HALL was born in Dutchess County, ^W^ New York, September 14, 1827, his parents being "^ Elisha and Emily (Bates) Hall, who were both natives of that State, and made it their home un- til their death, the mother dying when Nathan was nine, and the father when he was fifteen, years old. Nathan, being next to the oldest of a family of six children, remained at home to care for them until he was twenty years of age, obtaining a common-school education such as the country at that time afforded. Upon leaving home he roamed over the Western States about a year. At La Salle, Illinois, he purchased a team and started overland for California, crossing the Missouri River at Independence, Missouri. He joined several other teams there, and in less than a week they came across a party of campers bound for Califor- nia, and joined them, making the trip together. In fifty-two days' traveling they reached Salt Lake, where they remained nine days. They arrived at Sacramento in August, 1852, where they separated. Mr. Hall came at once to Santa Clara County, and when he reached here had $80 in his pocket. He found Spanish titles across his way against securing land, and concluded to work by the month for a while, until titles became more settled, and saved his money with a view of purchasing land. It being ascertained that there was some govermnent land around Mount- ain View, squatters located on it, procured a survey and ran out the section lines. Mr. Hall bought out one of these squatters for $200, thus securing 172 acres of land. He afterward paid the government double this price for a patent. This land, except nine acres, was at the time covered with chaparral, but is now all under cultivation. He has sixty acres in vine- yard and a small orchard for home use. The re- mainder of the land is devoted to grain, hay, and pasture. Mr. Hall was married, in 1866, to Sarah Brewer, a native of New York State. Previous to her marriage she taught school for two seasons, one in Russian River Valley and one year in the Lincoln District, where they now reside. They have two children, Bertha M. 320 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." and Edna B. The former is a graduate of the State Normal School at San Jose, in the class of 1888. Mr. Hall has lived in this valley since 1852, except one year he spent in the mines. Prior to his marriage he made his home with Elisha Stephens, the first settler in this part of Santa Clara County. JJWAGNUS TAIT was born on the Shetland Isl- ©^v?^ ands north of Scotland, May 30, 1837. His "^^ father, Michael, was born in Garth, Parish of Nesting.'Shetland Islands, October 21, 1805, ^"d died at Joliet, Illinois, October 6, 1879. He was mar- ried November 8, 1829, to Margaret Leisk, a native of the same islands, and in 1838 he left his native land and came to America, arriving at Chicago, Illi- nois, July 19 of that year. In 1848 he became a resi- dent of Joliet, Illinois, where he was one of the first charter members of the Baptist Church and closely identified with all its interests from the first. His wife died in Joliet, March 27, 1882, at the age of 79. They left a family of four sons, all living. Magnus was an infant when his parents came to America, and lived with them till twenty years of age. He was married May 26, 1858, to Antoinette Cooley, a native of Amber, Onondaga County, New York, who was, born December 7, 1837. August 4, 1862, he enlisted in Company M, First Illinois Light Artillery, and his company was at- tached to the Fourth Army Corps most of the time while in service. At the time of enlistment he was promoted a Sergeant in charge of Gun No. 6. He was in all the engagements in which the Fourth Corps participated. He was in twenty-two battles and skirmishes, the heaviest being Chickamauga, Mis- sion Ridge, Resaca, and from Dalton to Atlanta. For about 100 days his guns hardly became cold, being kept almost in one continuous engagement to Atlanta, and on the night of August 26, 1864, the day before Atlanta fell, he was taken prisoner near that city. He was taken to Andersonville, where, and in Savan- nah, Millen, Blackshear, and Thomasville prisons, he was confined until the close of the war. He, with 4,000 Union soldiers, was taken from Thomasville prison to Vicksburg, there to remain until a like num- ber of Confederate prisoners should be brought down from Rock Island, Illinois, when they were to be ex- changed. The news of the assassination of President Lincoln reached them at Vicksburg at two o'clock the following morning. The Confederate major who had them in charge became alarmed at the preparations that were at once made to hang him, and escaped and was never heard from. It was lucky for him that he left just as he did, because a rope had been procured, but the excited soldiers when they reached his tent found that he had abandoned it. This broke the cartel, or agreement between the authorities of the two governments, and the Union troops were at once shipped north to their respective homes. Mr. Tait returned to his home in Illinois, and in August, 1865, removed to Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas, where he lived until 1885, when he came to California. He located at Ocean Side, San Diego County, and remained there until July, 1887, when he located in Los Gatos. Mr. Tait is a member of the Scottish Rite Knight Templar Degree, having taken the thirty-second degree in 1885, and is a char- ter member of the Los Gatos Blue Lodge, A. F. and A. M. He is a member of the Oriental Order of the Palm and Shell; a member and junior Vice-Com- mander of E. O. C. Ord Po,st, No. 82, G. A. R., and a charter member of the Andersonville Survivors' Association, organized September 22, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Tait have had four children, viz.: Florence I., born April 16, 1859; Walter M., July 7, i860; Thomas I., August 24, 1861 ; and Magnus C, November 16, 1862. Walter M. died March 16, 1885. IJEEWIS HEBARD, son of Albetis L. and Philo- sip melia Hebard, was born in Wells, Hamilton T^ County, New York, April 20, 1821. His father and mother were natives of Dutchess County, New York. Albetis L. moved from Dutchess to Hamilton County, and thence to Marcy, Oneida County, New York, and in 1843 the family moved to Illinois, where Mrs. Hebard died, in 1844. Mr. Hebard then returned to New York, where he soon after died. Lewis, the subject of this sketch, the only child, was reared in New York and went with his father to Will County, Illinois, where he remained while his father resided there. He then went to Jefferson County, Wiscon- sin, where he remained till March, 1850, when he left for California, coming overland. The party with which he traveled arrived in Sacramento August 7, 1850. Upon his arrival he immediately went to the mines and located at Cook's Bar; in three weeks he was taken sick and returned to Sacramento, where he had to remain six weeks. He then went to work on the American River levee, where he worked a short BIOGRAPHICAL SKETdHKH. 3 21 time and went to the Big Bar mines and remained till January, when he went to Jackson Creek and thence to Amador Creek, where he remained till spring. After a few more wanderings he finally came to San Jose, in 1853, and went to work at the carpenter trade, which he followed for five years. In 1857 he went to the mountains above Lexington, where he took up 160 acres of land under the pre-emption act, where' he has since lived. At that time the land was wild and was inhabited by grizzly bears, deer, etc., and he endured great hardships for some years in clearing the land. Mr. Hebard was married in January, 1849, to Lu- cinda Dygert, a native of New York, of German par- entage. She died in March, 1863. They had four children, all of whom are dead. Mr. Hebard was married again in September, 1S74, to Mrs. Lodoiski A. (Girard) Murdock, a native of Mobile, Ala. She has two children, one by her former marriage and one since. Mr. Hebard has 105 acres, twenty-five of which are under cultivation. He has a fine orchard, con- taining cherries, prunes, plums, peaches, and apples. The rest of his land is in hay, pasture, and lumber. Mr. Hebard was a charter member of the Hook and Ladder Company of San Jose, organized in 1853. MPOBERT WALKER was born in Hamilton, S"^ Ontario, Canada, September 15, 1842. He is nP a son of John and Ann (Mcintosh) Walker, the former from Edinburgh and the latter from the Highlands of Scotland. John Walker located in Montreal, Canada, when he was a young man, where he was married. From there he moved to Ancaster Township, near Hamilton, being one of the pioneers of that locality, where he lived to a good old age, and died in April, 1885. His widow is still living there. They reared a family of eight children, of whom five are now living, four sons and one daughter. Robert Walker, the eldest of the living children, lived with his parents until he was twenty years of age. In 1862 he came to California by water from New York via Panama to San Francisco, and immediately left by the next steamer for Victoria, British Colum- bia. In 1863 he went into the Caribou gold mines, near the Eraser River, between three and four hun- dred miles from Victoria, and remained there until the fall of 1865. He then returned to San Fran- cisco, and in. the following spring made another .trip '41 to British Columbia, where he engaged in mining at Big Bend, in the Columbia River. Not finding the mines profitable, he again returned to California and settled in Monterey County, where he rented a piece of land and farmed for three years. He was married there, in 1869, to Eliza Jane Parr, a native of Santa Clara County, and daughter of Jonathan Parr, de- ceased. In 1 87 1 he came to this county and moved upon his present place, situated on the Los Gatos and San Jose road, where he has since resided. Mr. and Mrs. Walker have three children: Leslie R., Myrtile M., and Vivian C. Mr. Walker became a member of the order of Odd Fellows in January, 1888, and has been a member of the A. O. U. W. for several years. He is one of the directors of the Bank of Los Gatos and of the Los Gatos Fruit Packing Company. Mr. Walker's farm contains 415 acres, and at the present time (1888) has 260 acres sowed to barley, and the remainder, with the exception of twenty acres in vegetables, is used for pasture. ?%* lENJAMIN FRANKLIN BACHMAN traces his ancestors back to 1696, when his grand- mother's father, John Rohrer, of the Bachman family, was born in Alsace, now a part of Ger- many. John Rohrer came to America when quite young, and in 1732 married Maria Saunders, who was born in Manheim, Germany, February 29, 17 16. She died May 11, 1769, and her husband, November 28, 1771. The Rohrer family were Huguenots. His great- grandfather, John Bachman, married Anna Miller, June IS, 1744. He died October 3, 1757- His grand- father, John Bachman, was born March 20, 1746, at Big Spring, now part of Lampeter Township, Lan- caster County, Pennsylvania. He was married April 9, 1 77 1, to Maria Rohrer, who was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, January 28, 1749. His father, Jacob Bachman, was born in what is now Conestoga Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, April 25, 1782, and died May 10, 1849. His great-grandfather, on his mother's side, Jacob Eshleman, was born in Switzerland, July 4, 1710. He sailed from Rotterdam in the ship Mortonhouse, James Coultas captain, and arrived in Philadelphia August, 1729. He married Barbara Barr, who was born February 22, 17 14. On May 4, 1748, he bought a large tract of land on Pequea Creek, now a part of Paradise Township, Lan- caster County, Pennsylvania. He died December 15, 322 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 1758. His grandfather, Jacob Eshleman, was born in Pennsylvania November 7, 1742, and married Bar- bara Groff January 15, 1767. Barbara Groff was born March 5, 1747. Her father, Jacob Groff, was born April 2, 1699. Her mother's maiden name was Brackbill. Mr. Bachman's mother, Barbara Eshle- man, was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, January 30, 1789. Her marriage to Jacob Bachman took place March 31, 18 14, and her death occurred October 3, 1867. Benjamin Franklin Bachman was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1829. He was reared on his father's farm, and in his younger days attended the public schools of his neighborhood, and afterward attended the Strasburg Academy at Stras- burg, Pennsylvania, Rev. David McCarter Principal. After the discovery of gold in California, he sailed from New York, November 26, 1849, in the brig Emma Prescott, around Cape Horn, and arrived in Monterey, California, May i, 1850. He then fell in with a party of young men, who hired mules and a guide and started for the mines in Mariposa, where he lived for thirty years. In February, 1851, he joined the Mariposa Battalion of Mounted Volunteers, and served against the Indians until the following July. The world-renowned Yo Semite Valley was discovered in March, 1851, by a portion of this battalion on one of their expeditions, Mr. Bachman being one of the party. He served as postmaster of Mariposa from 1862 to 1865. For three years he worked in the mines, and afterward followed trading and other pur- suits. During the last ten years of his residence there he was engaged in the cattle business. In 1880 he moved to Santa Clara County and purchased fifty acres of land in and adjoining the town of Los Gatos, which at that time was a village of a dozen houses. He has thirty-two acres of land planted to the lead- ing varieties of fruits grown in this section of the country. He 'has 500 French prunes, 500 peaches, 400 apricots, and 700 almonds, together with a small number^of cherries, pears, and plums. Mr. Bachman has never married. H- ■►! fICKNELL G. CONEY was born in the western part of England, January 5, 1830; lived with his ^^ parents until nineteen years old, and graduated at an English university. He then went to Australia, where he was employed in managing stock and sheep for nearly three years. Next he engaged in quartz Hnd placer mining, and was Superintendent of a quartz- crushing machine at Sandhurst. After remaining in Australia eight years, he returned to England, in 1861, and about six months afterward came to San Fran- cisco, where he remained two months, and went to British Columbia, staying there eighteen years. For four years he held an appointment from the British Government on the inland revenue service, and in 1867 he bought a farm of 160 acres, which he farmed for five years, when he sold it and engaged in mining for a few months, and afterward rented a farm for a year. He was then appointed Recorder of Mining Claims in the Cassiar District, the appointment coming from the Provincial Government. He was also a Justice of the Peace, and had charge of the northern division of the district for two years. In May, 1880, he returned to England, where he remained until March, 1881, when he came to California, and in the fall of the same year bought his present place. ).-(§C.pg)- ^OLLA BANKS was born at Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, West Virginia, November 15, 1817. His father, Samuel Banks, was a native of Virginia, and his mother of Maryland. They removed to Coshocton County, Ohio, where he fol- lowed farming, and died about the year iS'26. Mrs. Banks died in 1880, aged nearly 100 years. They reared a family of five sons and three daughters, Rolla being next to the youngest. He spent his boyhood days on the farm, and lived there till 1836, when he left home, but remained in the neighborhood till the breaking out of the Mexican War, in 1846, when, in the month of June, he enlisted in the Third Ohio Infantry, Col. Samuel R. Curtis commanding, and was elected Second Lieutenant of Company B, of which James M. Love was Captain. At the end of his enlistment he was mustered out and returned to Ohio, and in 1849 came to California, and was among the first to come overland. His train, con- sisting of five wagons, started from Independence, Missouri, and all remained together till they reached Sacramento, in September, after a journey of nearly five months. Sacramento, at that time, was a large camping-place, there being no buildings except a few adobe houses. The party still adhered together, bought a load of provisions, and took them to the mines at Hangtown (now Placerville), unloaded, and returned to Sacramento with their teams and sold them. The party mined at Hangtown till 1851, when BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 323 tliey went to Amador Count)', near Diytown, and again engaged in mining till some of the party tired of it and wanted to go home, and finally all con- cluded to do so, as they had been together so long, and, in 1853, they all returned to Coshocton, Ohio, the place they started from. Late in 1853 Rolla and family removed to Illinois, and in 1855 to Minnesota, where he followed farming till the outbreak of the Civil War. In 1862 he organized a company and was commissioned Captain. The company was at- tached to the Seventh Minnesota Infantry, Col. Will- iam R. Marshall commanding. Receiving a paralytic stroke while in Mississippi, in August, 1864, he was discharged from the service in 1865, and was a suf- ferer from this for some years before he was able to get around without assistance. He came to Califor- nia in the fall of 1882, locating first at Santa Cruz, then at Santa Rosa and St. Helena, and in 1883 he located in Los Gatos, where he has resided since that time. Mr. Banks was married in September, 1847, at Coshocton, Ohio, to Elizabeth Morrison, who was a native of that place. They have two children living: Sadie Banks Clement, residing at Winona, Minnesota, and Bessie Banks, who resides with her parents. |OHN W. MONTGOMERY, son of Spencer and Martha Ann (Keathley) Montgomery, was born in Lawrence County, Indiana, September 17, 1835. His father's parents were Virginians and his mother's were Pennsylvania Germans. The parents of John Montgomery removed to Missouri in 1837, where they resided till their death, when he was a small boy. John remained in Missouri until seventeen years of age, when, in 1852, he came to California and went to the mines in El Dorado County, where he remained a few months, and then went to Grass Valley, where he lived about twenty years, first engaging in mining for nearly two years, then for two years he worked at his trade, that of saddle and harness making. After this he farmed four years, and then engaged in min- ing till the spring of 1863, when he went to Virginia City, Nevada, where he followed mining, farming, and his trade. Losing his health there, he returned to California in February, 1865, and again located in Grass Valley, where he remained till 1873, engaged in difiFerent occupations, when he came to Santa Clara Valley and farmed for a year, and in 1874 opened the first harness shop in Los Gatos. About six months afterward he removed to Santa Barbara C'^unty, where he lived three years, when he returned to Santa Clara County and followed farming for four years, and then engaged in the saddle and harness business again in Los Gatos, which he still follows. He was-married December 1 8, 1 88 1 , to Sophia Jones, a native of West Virginia. They have no children of their own, but have an adopted child. Earl. ^S 2-JiaOSEPH CUNNINGHAM was born in Middle Tennes.see, February 11, 1820. His father, Will- iam Cunningham, was a native of North Carolina. When he was seven years of age his father died, and he then went to Tennessee, where he had rela- tives, with whom he lived till grown. He married Narcissa Jenkins, a native of Kentucky. Her father, Joseph Jenkins, went from East Tennessee to Ken- tucky when he was a young man ; was married there, and afterward with his family moved into Lincoln County, Middle Tennessee. Narcissa Jenkins was reared in Middle Tennessee, being a small child when her father moved there. After William Cunningham was married he made Lincoln County his home until 1835, when he moved to Randolph County, Missouri, located on a farm, and died there, in 1842, at the age of forty-seven years. His wife died about three years after, at the age of forty-four. They had a family of ten children, four of whom lived to be grown, and three are now living. Joseph Cunningham lived with his father until he was twenty-one years old. For those times he was able to get a fair education. He was reared on a farm, and is the fifth generation of the Cunningham family who followed farming. In the spring of 1844 he married Margaret J. Hannah, a native of Tennes- see. Her father, Andrew Hannah, moved from that State into Missouri in 1833, when she was a mere child. She died in February, 1845, leaving one son, William A. Cunningham, who resides in Arizona. In the spring of 1843 Mr. Cunningham bought a farm, where he lived for twenty years during his resi- dence in the State of Missouri. In the fall of 1846 he was married again, to Mary J. Gooding, who was born in Randolph County, Missouri, July 2, 1827. Her parents were natives of Kentucky, her father having moved to Missouri in 18 18. In 1863 Mr. Cunningham sold his farm and came to California. He bought land in Solano County in 1864, and re- mained there until 1881, when, in November of that 324 PEN PICTUHES FBOM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." year, he sold and moved to Santa Clara County. He bought his present place near Saratoga, and has one of the finest ranches in this vicinity. Mr. Cunningham's ranch contains thirty-two acres, nineteen of which are in fruit, consisting of the fol- lowing varieties: 1,200 French prunes, 400 pears, 50 apples, 250 apricots, and about 100 trees in a family orchard, together with 100 vines. Two of his sons, J. C. and J. F. Cunningham, have, the one nine and a half, and the other six, acres respectively, of which the former has eight acres in fruit, and one and a half acres in nursery, and the latter all in fruit, princi- pally French prunes, apricots, and peaches. There are seven children living and two deceased, six of whom reside in Santa Clara Valley. Mr. Cun- ningham is a member of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church of San Jose, and has been a member of the Presbyterian Society about forty-six years. Mrs. Cunningham has belonged to the same church about two years longer. S&ARVEY WILCOX was born in Onondaga (sop' County, New York, March 30, 1822. His father, (§) Loammy Wilcox, was born in Connecticut, August 27, 1787, and removed to New York at a very early date. He was married to Hannah Paddock April 14, 1812. She was born in New York April 29, 1786. They reared a family of four children, Caroline, Edmund, Harvey, and Cordelia, of whom Harvey was next to the youngest. He was reared in New York until sixteen years of age. At this age he removed to Joliet, Illinois, where he engaged as a clerk in a general merchandise store and remained there till 1843, when he went into business for himself When the Mexican War began he was one of the first to run cargoes of oats and other merchandise down the Des Moines and Mississippi Rivers on flat-boats to New Orleans, where he sold his cargoes to the government. He lived in Joliet till 1849, when he came to California and went into the mines, and after being there about a year returned to Joliet. He came again to California in the winter of 1855-56, and has been a resident of the State ever since. He located again in the mines in Sierra County, and was there about two years, when he returned to Solano County; engaging in business there until 1876; he then came to Santa Clara County and located. He settled in Los Gates in 1881, bought and improved forty acres of land, which was purchased from him by the Santa Clara College of Jesuits as a branch of their college. Mr. Wilcox built the "Wilcox House" in Los Gatos in 1887, which he owns. It has thirty-five rooms, and is situated near the depot. Mr. P. A. Lamping is the proprietor. Mr Wilcox was married October i, 1844, to Har- riet S. Demmond, a native of Worcester, Massachu- setts, where she was born July i, 1826. They have two sons: Charles F., born July 6, 1852, and Harry E., June 12, 1 861 — both attorneys in San Jose. ^•^^^^^'^ -- f~«J' iHILIP G. GALPIN was born in Buffalo, New York, February 3, 1830. Flis parents, natives of Vermont, settled in New York at an early date. When five years of age he was adopted by his uncle, Philip S. Galpin, for many years Mayor of New Haven, Connecticut. He was educated in New Haven, attending Russell's Military Academy, and in 184S entered Yale College, at which he graduated in 1849. He then studied law with Henry B. Harrison, lately Governor of Connecticut, and entered the Yale Law School, graduating in 1852, and was admitted to the Bar in New Haven in the same year. He removed to Ohio and settled in Findlay in 1853, to engage in the law business. There he entered into partnership with Hon. James M. Cofifinberry, his brother-in-law, who was afterward for ten years Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County. He traveled the neighboring counties on horseback, carrying his law-books in his saddle-bags. His first case was tried in a little town called Ottokee, on the border of Mich- igan. The court-room was in a log house about fifty feet square. Morrison R. Waite, late Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was also there at the time, trying several cases. The witnesses, judges, and lawyers all had to take quarters together in the garret of the only hotel in the place. Mr. Galpin then practiced law in Toledo a year, and wrote for the Toledo Blade; thence he went to New York city, entered into partnership with Robert G. Pike, and practiced in Wall Street. This partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Pike removed to Connecticut and became President of the Hartford & Middletown Rail- road, but Mr. Galpin continued practice in New York for a number of years. In 1857 he came to Califor- nia on business for a client in the East, a widow, whose husband had died here leaving a large property. The leading cases were Gray vs. Palmer, reported in ninth BIOGRA rJIKL 1 L Sk'ETCHI'X ^25 volume of Califoinia Reports, and Gray vs. iiiiLMiar- dello, in Supreme Court of United States. He was at- torney for Mrs, Gray and won sixteen lawsuits for her, in which she recovered a large amount of property. He returned to New York and argued in the Supreme Court of the United States, Galpin 7^. Page, which became a leading authority on "jurisdiction." He came again to California in iS6o and tried several actions for an Eastern client in ejectment, remaining here at that time about eighteen months. During this tfme his business was going on in New York, where he had partners. In 1865 he was employed in New York by the heirs of J. Ladson Hall, of Phila- delphia, to come to California to recover the estate of their father, valued at $150,000. Hall ts. Dc,\ter was the leading case. He tried and argued it in the United States Circuit Court of California, where judgment was rendered against Hall. Mr. Galpin appealed the case to the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, U. C, and there argued it for the Hall heirs. The decision of the Circuit Court was reversed. The last decision established the point that the deed of a lunatic was void and not voidable. The late Roscoe Cockling was the opposing counsel. Mr. Galpin then remained a year and a half in New York and soon after went to Europe. He was married in Paris, France, in January, 1867, to Mary E. Culver, a native of Baltimofe, Maryland. In 1 869 he returned from Europe to New York city, where he practiced law till 1875. Having acquired property in Califor- nia which required attention, he came here that year and located in San Francisco, where he resided till 1880, when he bought a place at Claremont near Oak- land. His wife died there in 1883. He continued to reside at his home in Claremont till 1886, when he married Julia B., youngest daughter of Victor Castro, by whom he has one child. In 1887 Mr. Galpin sold his property at Claremont and bought a place between Los Gatos and Alma, at Lexington, Santa Clara County. He has a fine ranch of 250 acres, on vi^hich he carries on stock-raising, grain and fruit culture. It is his intention to plant the whole place to fruit. He practices law in San Francisco in partnership with John T. Doyle, of Menlo Park, and W. G. Zeigler, his nephew, under the firm name of Doyle, Galpin & Zeigler, their office being at the southeast corner of Sacramento and Montgom- ery Streets. His only criminal case was the defense, in conjunc- tion with H. E. Highton, Esq., of the son of Mayor Kalloch, indicted for murdering Charles De Young, a former editor of the Chronicle. In the contest in 1886 between the Republican and Democratic parties for representation in the Board of Election, Mr. Galpin rendered efficient service to tlie Democratic party. He argued at Washington bef -re the Land Depart- ment and before tlie Supreme Court of the State, on behalf of the State, the question of the State's owner- ship of land below high-water mark, within the limits of a pueblo. For years he has been and now is coun- sel for the property-holders, in the various actions brought, to collect the Montgomery Avenue Bonds. He is also at present counsel for the Western Union Telegraph Company. OHN HOURECAN was born in County Long- C'i/ ford, Ireland, June 23, 1831, a son of John and ''^ Mary (O'Reilly) Hourecan. His father died in Ireland in 1843. Ten years later, in 1853, his mother, with three of her children, sailed for America. She located in Philadelphia, where she made her home till the time of her death. John Hourecan remained in Pennsylvania and New Jersey until 1856, when he emigrated to California. He sailed from New York, and after a successful sea voyage landed in San Fran- cisco, on the twenty-third of December of that year. He shortly after went into the mines at Albany Flat, in Calaveras County, where he remained until the sixteenth of April, 1857. Having worked there a sufficient length of time to satisfy his taste for mining, he came to Santa Clara County and went to work on the Laurel Wood Farm for Burtis and Thornburgh,and remained with them for over two years. He then rented a farm of Michael Dawson, near Santa Clara, and worked on it for two years. At the expiration of this time he formed a co-partnership with James Sulli- van, and rented 100 acres of the Laurel Wood Farm, and seventy acres on James Minton's place, which they worked on shares for a year. In May, 1863, he bought eighty acres of land on the Saratoga Avenue, near Saratoga, and moved on it the ninth of Septem- ber following. The land was all under heavy timber and brush, with the exception of nine acres partly cleared. By almost constant and incessant toil, backed by the pluck of a true Irishman, he, in the course of time, converted the place from its wild con- dition to its present high state of cultivation, with not a stump anywhere within a foot of the surface. There are twenty acres of vines, consisting of Matero, Zin- fandel, and Mission varieties, ranging from four to 326 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." eight years old. He has heretofore raised considera- ble barley and wheat up to the present year, when ev- erything of this nature was converted to hay. There are about five acres of excellent pasture land. The vines for the year 1887 averaged, both young and old, about three and one-half tons to the acre. The present year he will have about seventy-five tons of hay. Mr. Hourecan was married in 1865, to Ann C. Wright, a native of Ireland, who came to California in 1857. They have a family of three children: Mary R, Agnes J., and Thomas J., all of whom are residing at home. 4is^$s4s. 3|0HN C. HUTCHINSON was born in Columbia ®^ County, Georgia, July 5, 1821. His father, James, ^ and his mother, Martha (nee Culbreth), were both natives of Georgia. His father went from Georgia to Texas in 1837 and engaged in mercantile pursuits at Houston, where he died. John accompanied his fa- ther to Texas, and soon thereafter was placed in a private school in Georgia, where he obtained a fair education for those days. After his father's death he bought a farm of eighty acres near Houston, and lived there till 1852. He was married in 1846 to Margaret Thompson, a native of England, who came to Texas with her parents when a young girl. She died about two years after, leaving two daughters, one of whom subsequently died. In 1852 he sold his farm and came to California, making the journey overland through New Mexico, starting March i, and arriving in this valley in Sept mber. He was in poor health, and neither himself nor his friends expected he would survive the trip. He took up a piece of land between Saratoga and Mountain View and began to make im- provements. He also went into the mountains and made lumber for a year or two, using two ox teams. In 1856 he bought an interest in a lime-kiln about half a mile south of Saratoga. He afterward bought out the company owning the lime-kiln and pre- empted 160 acres of land on which the kiln was situ- ated. He sold his place near Mountain View in 1857. He ran the lime-kiln about two years, supplying the Guadaloupe mines with lime until they found and be- gan to burn their own lime. He ceased making lime in 1859, and turned his attention to clearing and farm- ing his land. Occasionally he sold small pieces of this land, the last sale being made in 1884, when he dis- po >ed of it all. The same year he removed to Saratoga and engaged in mercantile business, in which he con- tinued till 1887. He was appointed Postmaster at Saratoga, May 17, 1886, which position he has satis- factorily filled to the present time. Mr. Hutchinson married again in 1868, Mrs. Matilda Potter, a native of Illinois. She died in 1879. She had two children by her first husband and three by her second. Two of the latter (daughters) are still living. In politics Mr. Hutchinson is an ardent Democrat. RTHUR BERRYMAN was born in CornWall, England, April 22, 1834, where he was reared and educated in the common schools. His mother died when he was about ten years old, and his father died there in 1857. In 1854 Arthur left England and located in Sykesville, Carroll County, Maryland. The next spring he went to Minersville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the coal region, and in 1855 he came to California, and located in Amador County. In 1857 he left California and went to Chili, and then, in 1862, to Bolivia. From Bolivia he went to Peru early in 1864, returned to California in August, the same year, and for a time mined at the Almaden and New Idria quicksilver mines. He re- mained at the New Idria mines from December, 1865, until 1876, employed in various capacities, when he went to San Francisco, where he remained for two years. In 1878 he went to British Columbia, where he remained six months, and then returned to San Francisco. In December, 1878, he went to Lower California, but returned to San Francisco in May, 1879. In a short time he went to the Guadaloupe quicksilver mines, in Santa Clara County, where he remained until May, 1882, when he came to Los Gatos, and went into the hotel business as proprietor of the Los Gatos Hotel, formerly known as the Ten Mile House, on the old stage road running from San Jose to Santa Cruz. When he assumed charge of the hotel it con- tained but nineteen rooms, but a year afterward it was considerably enlarged by the addition of a two- story building, twenty-eight by one hundred feet, the old hotel now forming the south wing of the build- ing. The hotel now contains forty-one sleeping apart- ments, and is well furnished throughout. In Septem- ber, 1887, he gave up this business, and soon after engaged in the real-estate and insurance business, under the firm name of A. Berryman & Co. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 327 ^DWARD MACABEE, son of Andrew and An- geline Macabee, was born in Montreal, Canada^ ^ August 15, 1832. His parents were both na- tives of Canada, and died there. The Macabee family is an old one in Canada. Edward was seven years old when his father died, and he made his home with his brother and sister. When sixteen years old he went to Malone, Franklin County, New York, where he lived until 1864, following farming. He was mar- ried February 4, 1855, to Matilda Francis, a native of Canada. In 1864 he came to California with his family, and located in San Jose. In 1867 he returned to New York, but came back to San Jose after being there ten months, and again engaged in farming, which business he followed until 1883, when he came to Los Gatos and bought the hotel then known as the Cole- man House, but now the Alpine House, and took possession of it November 15 of that year, and has run the hotel ever since. It was built in 1881 by James Coleman, is two stories high, and contains twenty-four rooms. It is situated on a five-acre tract of land in East Los Gatos, on the San Jose and Los Gatos road. They have eight children, viz.: Zephire, Carrie (wife of L. Pinard, of San Jose), Mary, Flora, Delia, Edward, Andrew, and Ernest V. S).-(gC.^g)-.g ELIJAH PRICE, of San Jose Township, is a native of Staffordshire, England, born in 1818, his parents being Isaac and Mary Price. When he was in his fifth year, the family emigrated to America, locating in Southern Illinois. There the father died, and the family removed to Cincinnati, where the subject of this sketch was principally reared. Thence they removed to Franklin County, Indiana, and from there to Shelby County, same State, and then to Hamilton, also in that State. Here Mr. Price resided until October 18, 1883, when he removed to California and located in Santa Clara County. He has a fine place of thirty acres on Stone Avenue, near San Jose, which he had purchased before moving here, February 24, 1883, from Mr. Williams, executor of the Stone estate. Previous to that date it had been devoted to agriculture alone, but in March, 1883, Mr. Price set out over 800 apricot and prune trees, and has since planted 600 more trees — apricots, prunes, and peaches. He also has an acre of table grapes. Besides this estate Mr. Price has also a residence and business property in San Francisco, which are valua- ble on account of being desirably situated. In earlier life Mr. Price was for many years one of the lights of the Methodist Epi.scopal Church in Illi- nois, having been ordained in its ministry at Spring- field, in 1850, by Bishop Scott; but in 1873 he asso- ciated himself with the United Brethren Church, and came to the coast with a transfer from the Lower Wabash Conference of that denomination, which he still holds, as there is no regular congregation of his church nearer than Sacramento. In his political views he is a Republican. Mr. Price was married in Hamilton, Indiana, to Miss Barbara Daubenspeck, a native of Fayette County, that State. Their two eldest children, W. A. and Isaac N., volunteered in defense of the Union during the last war, and died in the service. There are still eleven children living, namely: John W., who resides in Wyoming Territory; James P., who is living in Douglas County, Illinois; Mary Shrader, living in Shelby County, Illinois; Sarah A. Shrader, who re- sides in Wichita, Kansas; W. N., L. C, and Charles E., residing in Douglas County, Illinois ; Candace Nixon, in Montgomery City, Missouri; Alice Reed, in Douglas County, Illinois; and M. E. and M. C, in Santa Clara County, California. L. TAYLOR. On an extensive ranch like that of Palo Alto, where valuable race-horses are ■nt^ bred and cared for, there is no more important position than that of chief horseshoer, where a thorough and accurate knowledge of every detail of the business is required. This position at Palo Alto Ranch is held by the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. Mr. Taylor is a native of Michigan, born at Jackson, September 2, 1849, his parents being J. H. and Mary (Dixon) Taylor. In 1854 his father came out to California by way of Nicaragua, and located at San Lorenzo. Having decided to make that place his permanent home, the family came out to join him in 1856. In Alameda County the subject of this sketch grew to manhood, learning his trade at Liver- more. After completing a thorough apprenticeship, he continued his trade at Livermore as a journey- man until 1 88 1, when his skill at his craft secured for him his present position at the Palo Alto Ranch. Mrs. Taylor's maiden name was Amelia Pink. She was a native of New York. They have three chil- dren: Rodman, Charles, and Edwin. Mr. Taylor is a member of Mountain View Lodge, A. O. U. W. 328 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ^HARLES D. AUSTIN, supervising architect of ^^ the Leland Stanford, Jr., University buildings, (2H' succeeded W. A. Rodman, of Boston, in that capacity. Mr. Austin was educated at the Mas- sachusetts Institute of Teclmology, Boston, and com- menced life as a civil engineer, afterward entering the employ of Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, architects of the university. He entered upon the duties of his present position May i, i »->^%<^^-<-<~- H. C. MOREY, of the real-estate firm of Morey & Rogers, came to Gilroy in August, 1867, for the purpose of pursuing the practice of his profession and securing a cli nate more favorable to health. Dr. Morey is a native of New York State, born in Oneida County, August 15, 1826, his parents being John and Fannie (Atkins) Morey. His father was a Methodist minister. When the doctor was four years of age, the family removed to Ohio, where the father was engaged in ministerial labors, and at the age of twelve years they removed to Illinois, locating in Fulton County. He received his educa- tion there and commenced the study of medicine under the guidance of Dr. Lance, of Marietta, Fulton County. He attended lectures at Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago, graduating in 1854, after which he be- gan practicing at Geneseo, Illinois, and continued there until his failing health caused him lo make a trij) to California in 1858. From Sierra County, Cal- ifornia, he went to Oregon and located at McMinn- ville, where he engaged in practicing till December, 1859, when he returned to Illinois and remained eighteen months. In 1861 he again came to Califor- nia, locating at Knight's Landing, on the Sacramento River, where he remained until he came to Gilroy. He established the drug business here the next year after coming, in which he continued until the fall fif 1887. Since that time he has been engaged in real- estate business. He was married in Geneseo, Illinois, to Melissa A. Hobbs, a native of Maine. Her father, a physician, died in Maine, and her mother resides in Gilroy. Dr. Morey's father resides in San Jose, where his mother died in 1887. The doctor is a member of the Masonic Order and belongs to Chapter and Commandery at San Jose. Politically he is a Democrat. Dr. Morey has one of the curiosities of California in what is known as the " Cloth of Gold " rose tree. It was planted by him. from a slip, in 1872, and now covers an area of thirty feet in diameter, and is fifteen feet high, aiid the body measures thirty-two inches around its base. itlfiEWIS C. FERGUSON, who has an important Sh:^ part in the management of the Palo Alto Ranch, 1' is a member of one of the old families of Santa Clara County. He was born at Volcano City, in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, October 19, 1852, his par- ents being Asa and Parthenia S. (Anderson) Fergu- son. Lewis C. was reared to the age of eight years at the family home, near Old Gilroy, and there com- menced his schooling, finishing his collegiate course at Oakland. He engaged with a Front Street firm in San Francisco as entry clerk, and was for some time associated in that capacity with wholesale houses on that and California Streets. He became connected with the Manhattan Life Insurance Company and general mining offices on Montgomery Street, and remained with them until 1885, when he came to the Palo Alto Ranch. Besides the details of the busi- ness transactions, he has immediate superintendence of the grounds. In politics he is a Republican, and for a number of years was identified strongly with political clubs in San Francisco. ^ IjERWIN A portant Industrie DAVISON. One of the most im- of Santa Clara County, and especially of the southern portion, is that of cheese-making, which was commenced here some thirty-five years ago. Since that time it has grown to large proportions, with many establishments contributing thereto. The leading portion among these is held by what is known as the Bloomfield Dairy, situated about three miles south from Gilroy, and conducted by Erwin A. Davison. Though the history of cheese manufacture for the market in this locality dates back over a third of a century, the true story of the progress of the indus- try may be gathered from the relation of what has been accomplished by the Bloomfield Dairy in less than eleven years of time. The dairy was originated by Henry Miller, the owner of the land, in 1869, and it was operated with average success until the fall of 187s, when Mr. E. A. Davison, a man reared in the business in the celebrated dairy district of Herkimer County, New York, came out to take charge. He <3JtoVs:i. ^_>in>o- Bl a I! A I 'IU(,A L SKJ'Jn ■fll'X ;i20 made an unexceptionable quality of cheese, but was surprised to find that it brought, in common with other California cheese, six cents per pound less than that made in the East. There beinjr no difference in the quality, he determined to have the highest price for his produce that was paid in San Francisco mar- ket. Sending East and obtaining the materials simi- lar to those used there for that purpose, he com- menced making his own drums, and imitating in size and style the Eastern cheese. This done, he went to the commission merchants and demanded that his cheese be sold at the advanced price. The answer to this demand was that if he persisted in making drum cheese, not a pound of his manufacture would be sold in the San Francisco market. For this reply he was not unprepared, however, and informed the commis- sion men that he would not only continue to make the drums, but would open a house in San Francisco, and make such terms that he would sell every pound of cheese made in Santa Clara Valley. It was no idle boast, and the commission men were soon brought to their senses. His cheese has since sold for from five to six cents more than the market price of the California article, and from this source alone, in a little over ten years, he has made what in many districts in the old States would be called a handsome fortune. He found no trouble in marketing all he made, and the next thing was to kecji the supply up the year round, that a new custom would not have to be built up annually. This result was, of course, to be accomplished by the handling find feeding of the cows. Few dairymen at that time thought it necessary to pay much attention to the feeding of their dry or milk stock, but he thought differently from the start. The first four years after coming here he supplanted the green feed by planting corn and beets; but after that time he began sowing alfalfa, on which, with bran, he has since relied, sometimes feed- ing as much as three hundred tons of bran per year, and has thus continually kept up the flow of milk, while other cows were dry. An inspection of his bills shows the receipt of sixteen cents per pound for his manufacture, while California cheese is quoted ten to eleven cents. It will thus be seen what intelligent effort, with good business qualifications, may accom- plish. Eight hundred acres of land are used for the purpose of the dairy, and the 350 cows on the place supply the milk for the manufacture of 130,000 pounds of cheese annually. The original stock was purchased from Mr. Miller in December, 1887, by Mr. Davison. A tour of the dairy farm shows the same 42 attention to every detail that has been mentioned in connection with the business management of the pro prietor. Nothing is lacking that should be there, and everything is in its place. The arrangements for water and for feeding are excellent. Much credit is due the man who has given to Santa Clara County the model dairy farm of California. Mr. Davison is a native of Herkimer County, New York, born January 25, 1842. His father, Andrew Davison, was likewise born in Herkimer County. His mother, whose maiden name was Maria Hemp- stead, was also a native of the Empire State. Erwin A. was reared in his native county, and, as his father was a dairyman, he may be said to have been brought up to that business from childhood. On arriving at manhood's estate, he embarked in the dairy business for himself, and three years later re- moved to Cattaraugus County, New York. There he engaged in cheese manufacture, continuing until re- moving to California, in 1875. He was married in New York State, January i, 1861, to Miss Orphia Farrington, a native of Herkimer County, and daugh- ter of Harvey and Anna (Fabill) Farrington. Her mother died when she was a child. Her father after- ward removed to Canada, where he was heavily en- gaged in cheese manufacture. He was an authority in matters.pertaining to the business, and was presi- dent of the Canadian Dairyman's Association. He was the particular friend of L. B. Arnold, late of Rochester, New York, and was his tutor, and to the interest taken in him by Mr. Farrington, Mr. Arnold attributed his success in life. Mr. Davison is a member of the Masonic Order, re- taining a connection with the lodge at Franklinville, New York. He is also a member of Olean Chapter, Olean, New York, and is a member of the Merchants' and Bankers' Insurance Society. ;0N. ISAIAH A. WILCOX owns and resides upon a farm containing sixty-one and a half acres of very productive land, situated in the Jefferson School District, two miles northwest of Santa Clara. These lands are in good cultivation, and bear witness to the intelligent care bestowed upon them. The orchard contains 6,000 trees, being chiefly Bartleit pears and French prunes. Among these trees, onions and strawberries are extensively cultivated, while thirty acres are devoted exclusively to the cult- PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ure of strawberries, of the most approved and produc- tive varieties. In this connection it is worthy of men- tion that Mr. Wilcox is one of the pioneers of the small-fruit producers of the State of California. The years of labor and study and the unlimited means which he has devoted to this industry justly entitle his beautiful lands to the name of "Experimental Gardens." There are also six acres of alfalfa on the place, from which the yield is very bountiful, five crops of hay being taken from the land annually. Mr. Wilcox dates his birth in Herkimer County, New York, September i6, 1822. His parents, Asa and Clarissa (Nichols) Wilcox, were natives and resi- dents of the county of his birth. His father was a farmer, but was also engaged in a general mercantile and other business enterprises, and in these pursuits the subject of this sketch was schooled. He received as good an education as the institutions of learning of that day afforded, and at the age of twenty years engaged as a teacher in the public schools. In this work he was most successful, as was proven by the fact that he was twice elected Superintendent of Schools in his native county. When twenty-four years of age, he entered the office t>f Judges Loomis & Nolton, attorneys at law, in Little Falls, New York, and commenced the study of law. Being an ardent and ambitious student, a too close attention to his studies caused a failure of health, and he was com- pelled to abandon this pursuit. From this period until 1852 he was engaged in various occupations, but partly of a class that would enable him to travel more or less, and among them was a cod-fishing voy- age to the banks of Newfoundland in 1849, for the improvement of his health. Soon afterward he re- sumed his law studies, but, his health not being re- stored, he was compelled finally to give up all thought of his cherished ambition, and in 1852 he started for California via the Isthmus route. Arriving in San Francisco, and unable to engage in work congenial to his tastes and education, he started on foot for the mines, and aided in opening up new districts in Nevada County, known as Little York, Wauloupe, and Red Dog. He followed min- ing with varying success for about one year, when want of strength compelled him to change his em- ployment, and he returned to San Francisco. Thence he went to Alameda, where he worked for Chipman & Aughenbough, the founders of that town, and be- came their foreman. While there, he assisted in mak- ing the first survey of town lots in the place. He also spent some time in the redwoods north of Oak- land, making shingles, posts, and rails. Although hampered by ill health and defective eyesight, nothing daunted, with indomitable courage and persistent in- dustry he engaged in several enterprises in Alameda County, among which was the establishment of a nursery in Alameda, in partnership with Henderson Luelling, who brought the first fruit-trees to this coast. They purchased 500 acres of land, embracing the district now known as Fruit Vale, for orchard pur- poses. The title of these lands becoming involved in litigation, they were not fully improved, as intended. After engaging in farming and some other pioneer enterprises in Alameda County, Mr. Wilcox, in 1856, located in San Francisco, where, in connection with E. J. Loomis, he opened a commission produce busi- ness. The Eraser River mining excitement of 1858 caused such general depression in the business of that city that he, with many of the leading business men, was induced to embark in business enterprises in British Columbia, and, in connection with Loomis & Harper and Parker & Greenwood, he established stores in Victoria, Vancouver's Island. But the fail- ure of the mines, and the collapse of the latter town, brought about his return to this State. He then commenced the business of fruit culture in Fruit Vale, and conducted it with success until 1867, when he came to Santa Clara County and took possession of the estate heretofore described. In 1859 Mr. Wilcox was united in marriage with Miss Mary Frances Abbott, daughter of Stephen Abbott, of Fruit Vale, a pioneer of the State of Cali- fornia. To them have been born the following named children: Frank A., who with his wife (formerly Miss Mary Ortley, of Alviso) resides on the old homestead; Harry W., now a resident of San Jose; Walter I., Emily A., and Irving A., who are members of their parents' household. The subject of this sketch is one of the best known men in this district. An active, well-informed, and public-spirited citizen, he is always to be found at the head of such movements as tend to advance the pros- perity of the county. In 1884, while a member of the State Horticultural Society, he was chosen to at- tend the World's Industrial Exhibition at New Or- leans, and did more to advertise California and her wonderful products than any other representative from the Pacific Coast. While in attendance at this fair, Mr. Wilcox assisted in organizing the American Horticultural Society. He was one of the founders of the Horticultural Hall Association of' San Jose, and one of its first Directors. Mr. Wilcox is a BIOGRAPHICAL HKETCflKH. 3;ji strong Republican, and was elected by his district to represent it in the present State Legislature of 1887- 88, a position which his education and business knowl- edge enable him to fill to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He has held several positions of trust, having been an early Director in the Bank of Santa Clara County ; one of the founders and organ- izers of the Grangers' Bank of California, and also a stockholder in the Farmers' Union Store in San Jose; was also one of the founders and stockholders in the Santa Clara Cheese Factory, and Lawrence Hall As- sociation, both institutions being in his immediate neighborhood. He is connected with the Lidepend- ent Order of Odd Fellows, being a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52. He was one of the char- ter members of Santa Clara Grange, Patrons of Hus- bandry, which he twice represented in the State Grange of California. He afterward assisted in re- organizing the San Jose Grange, and was elected the first Worthy Master under the new organization. It has been the height of Mr. Wilcox's ambition, during the last half of his life, to build up a comfortable home in the country, and enjoy rural life, and he has fully realized his hopes in the beautiful and productive Santa Clara Valley, where he expects to spend the remainder of his days under his own vine and fig-tree. ^HARLES M. WEBER is the worthy son of an ^ illustrious sire. His father was one of the early (yf settlers of California, and to his efforts is due much of the commercial and industrial prosper- ity of the State. Charles M. Weber, Sr., was born in Homburg, Rhinish-Bavaria, when that city was under the domin- ion of the first Napoleon. His parents were German, and his father a Presbyterian clergyman. He received a good education, ai d embarked in business at an early age. He came to America in 1836, stopping at New Orleans, where he contracted the yellow fever, and after recovering went to Texas, where he served under the Lone Star in the hostilities with the Mexi- cans. He returned to New Orleans in 1840, and went to St. Louis in 1841, and in the same year came to California as one of a large party. The trip was made overland, and the party contained many men who afterward became prominent in the State; among them we mention Josiah Belden and John Bid- well. Mr. Weber settled in San Jose, engaging in commercial and industrial enterprises, and soon came to be the leading man of the pui-blo, respected alike by natives and foreigners. He established the first store, and embarked largely in agriculture, acquiring the grant of many acres of land from the Mexican Government. When Commodore Sloat's proclamation forced the Mexican General Castro to evacuate San Jose, Weber was arrested in his store on account of his prominence, and loyalty to the United States, and taken a prisoner to Los Angeles. Only the personal friendship of General Castro saved him from assassi- nation, and he was released. Returning to San Jose, he raised a company, and was a leading spirit in sub- sequent hostilities. Soon after the close of the war he removed to the San Joaquin Valley, where he founded the city of Stockton, to the prosperity of which he devoted the remainder of his life.. His death occurred May 4, 1881. He married, in California, Miss Ellen Murphy, daughter of Martin Murphy, Sr., and one of the fa- mous Murphy party, whose adventures are related elsewhere in these pages. The subject of this sketch, Charles M. Weber, Jr., was born at Stockton, September 22, 1851. He was educated at Santa Clara College, and at St. Mary's College, San Francisco, graduating at the latter insti- tution in 1873, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He was engaged extensively in the grain trade at Stockton and the tributary company for about five years after leaving college, and then turned his atten- tion to stock-raising. Since 1 881 he has given much of his time to the supervision of what is known as the Weber Ranch, lying to the south and east of San Jose. This is a noted rancho, containing between 12,000 and 13,000 acres and comprising some of the most picturesque as well as the most valuable land in the county. It is partly in the foot-hills and is inter- spersed with fertile valleys, watered by fine streams and abounding in beautiful and never-failing springs, while numerous groves of several varieties of oak, box elder, and sycamore give tone to a landscape unsur- passed for beauty. About 1,000 acres of this ranch is cultivated for grain and hay, and the remainder is devoted to pasturage for Mr. Weber's large herds of cattle, among which are many of noble blood. He has planted vines extensively, choosing the most valu- able varieties for wine and the table. He has made valuable experiments in horticulture, which have been of great public use in demonstrating to the people on that side of the valley the varieties of fruit that thrive in that locality and the proper method of cultivation. The ranch is a principality in itself, and Mr. Weber is 332 FEN PICTURES FROM TFIE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." conducting it in a manner that will not only return a profit to himself but will also be of great advantage to the community. At the general election of 1886 Mr. Weber was elected a Member of the Assembly on the Republican ticket, to represent Santa Clara County in the State Legislature. He was made chairman of the Commit- tee on Mileage and was appointed a member of the Committee on Hospitals, on Rules, on Viticulture, and on Municipal Corporations, on all of which he did work that commanded favorable comnjent both from his own party and the opposition. He married, No- vember 21, 1886, Miss Grace Mary Simmott, a charm- ing young lady, a native of Illinois. Mr. Weber, in connection with his mother, his brother, Thomas J., and his si.ster, Julia H., has large interests in the estate of his father, including valuable city property in the city of Stockton, and some of the best farming lands in San Joaquin County. ^APT. JAMES VARCOE, shift boss of the ^ Quicksilver Mining Company, New Almaden, (3)J» is a native of Cornwall, England, born July 31, 1837. His father, George Varcoe, was a miner by occupation. His mother's maiden name was Sarah Matthews. The subject of this sketch was reared in Cornwall to the age of twenty years, at the age of fourteen commenced work in the mines, and in 1857 emigrated to America, landing at New York in August, 1857. He engaged in mining in New Jer- sey, but three months later went to the copper mines of Lake Superior, where he was engaged for three years, and then returned to England. Two years later he came again to the United States, and after a brief time in the Lake Superior region, came to -Cali- fornia. His first location was in the Grass Valley diggings, but from there he went to Virginia City, Nevada, and thence to Fresno County, California. He came to New Almaden as a miner in 1867, and in 1876 was promoted to his present position. He was married in New Almaden, December 25, 1870, to Miss Louisa Rowe, a native of England. They have one child, Anna, the wife of Charles Ton- kin, of New Almaden. Captain Varcoe is a member of San Jo.se Lodge, No. 34, I. O. O. F., and of Mt. Hamilton Lodge, A. O. U. W. He is also identified with the Benevolent Society of New Almaden, of which he is a Trustee, and he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics Captain Varcoe is a Republican. He is acquainted with every detail of his business, and is a man of excellent standing in the community. C. HODGES. It is always a pleasure to men- tion in an honorable way the name of one who, while steadily and substantially prospering in the financial affairs of life, has at the same time re- tained the highest respect and esteem of all with whom he has come in contact, in whatever capacity. Such a man is P. C. Hodges, of Gilroy. He is a native of North Carolina, born in Surry County, July 19, 1825. His parents were William and Dorcas (Cunningham) Hodges, and the former is yet living in Surry County. The subject of this sketch resided in North Carolina until 1848, when he went to Mis- souri, and resided one year in Jackson County, then returning to his native State. In the fall of 1851 he again located in Missouri, and while there prepared to come to California. Starting in the spring of 1852, he made the trip overland across the plains and mountains, and it was full six months before he reached the golden coast. The first year in California he spent in Napa County, engaged in farm work, and then came to Santa Clara County, locating in the vicinity of San Jose. Soon afterward he bought an ox team and engaged in the hauling of lumber for a livelihood. This he followed for fourteen years, but during two years of that time he was engaged in log- ging for a firm on the coast above Santa Cruz. From there he came to Gilroy in the spring of 1868, and contracted with William Hanna to do his logging. The next year he formed his partnership with Mr. Whitehurst, and thus started the business of the firm which is mentioned in detail elsewhere. Mr. Hodges purchased his present country residence in 1875. The place is a handsome one, situated about one and a half miles east from Gilroy, on the old Gilroy road, and commands much attention from passers-by on that road. He has made most of the improvements about the place since purchasing. Mr. Hodges was united in marriage, December 4, 1870, to Miss Judith Franklin, a native of North Carolina. Politically, Mr. Hodges is a Democrat. He is a Christian in his every-day life and a gentleman in all his dealings. He affiliates with the Christian Church, and is Deacon of the Gilroy congregation of that de- nomination. He has banking interests in Gilroy and other points. BIOanAPBJCAL SKETCHES. 533 5AMUEL REA. Among the substantial men of South Santa Clara County is Samuel Rea, who has been a citizen of the county since 1859. at which time his total capital consisted of $70. For four years he was engaged in business with his brother, Thomas Rea, then bought where he now re- sides, on the county road leading from Gilroy to Hol- lister, and commenced operations independently, in the line of stock-raising and dairying. The ranch consists of 322 acres, with three flowing wells, one of which is worthy of special mention, as it throws four and a half inches of water over a seven-inch pipe. He has for many years been earnestly engaged in the work of breeding superior stock, — in fact was among the first to give this subject attention. The excellent reputation of the " Rea's Nutwood " horses is a suffi- cient testimonial to his success in this matter. "Plu- tarch," son of his " Rea's Nutwood," recently sold for $2,000. Mr. Roa has also an extensive dairy, usually milk- ing about one hundred cows. At present, however, he is milking but eighty-five to ninety, and is turning out an average of 225 pounds of cheese per day, which is shipped to the city market. He is quite a chicken fancier too, and has some game cocks that have made good records. Mr. Rea was born in Gallia County, Ohio, May 4, 1830. The Reas were of Irish descent, and the pa- rental grandfather of the subject of this sketch, on leaving his native country, a young man, settled in Virginia. The father of our subject, James Rea, was born and reared in Virginia, and went, when a young man, to Ohio. There he married Hannah Hutsinpil- ler, also of Virginian birth and parentage. In 1838 the family removed from Hancock County, Ohio, to Decatur, Macon County, Illinois, and there Samuel Rea was reared. In 1852 he joined the throng of emigration to California, making the then tedious journey via New Orleans and Panama. After cross- ing the Isthmus, he took a sailing vessel for San Francisco. This latter part of the trip constituted an epoch in his history never to be forgotten. Six months were requireJ to make the voyage from the Isthmus to the Golden Gate, the vessel being becalmed most of the time. Provisions were exhausted, water became scarce, and after enduring untold hardships and privations, the crew and passengers arrived in San Francisco July 28, 1852, in an almost famishing con- dition. The unpleasant incidents of the trip were soon forgotten for the time, in the haste to reach the mines, which characterized all new-comers to the golden coast, and Mr. Rea was soon at Downieville, in Sierra County, engaged in mining. For several years he followed the fortunes of the camp, part of the time working for others and the remainder pros- pecting on claims of his own. In 1859 he determined to give up mining as a means of livelihood, and then turned his attention to Santa Clara County, with which he has ever since been identified. Mr. Rea was united in marriage. May 20, 1869, in Jefferson County, New York, to Miss Frances M. Powell, a native of that county, and a daughter of E. and Mary Powell. Two children have been born to them, — Florence V. and Lillian Etta. Mr. Rea was elected Supervisor in 1879, serving three years. His influence in county and local affairs is a potent factor, anid his opinions are always sought and respected in the councils of his party, the Republican. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M. Lodge at Gilroy, No. r87, and of the R. A. M., No. 41, at Watsonville, and of San Jose Commandery, No. 10, K. T., and also of the A. O. U. W. Lodge at Gilroy. — -^8=^#^' — R. BERRYMAN BRYANT, of Gilroy, is a native of Spartanburg District, South Carolina, and son of Reuben and Sarah (Whitby) Bryant. Both parents came of old Virginia families. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native district, and received the best advantages offered by its schools. He decided to adopt medicine as his profession, and going to Memphis, Tennessee, com- menced attendance at the Botanical Medical College, at which institution he graduated in 1848. He com- menced practice at Camden, Alabama. On the breaking out of the California gold excitement he determined to risk his fortunes in this new but already far-famed region. Leaving Camden on the second of February, he started for his destination, taking the Gulf route to Matamoras, thence by government wagon to Durango, by pack mules to Massacland, and from there by sailing vessel to San Francisco, which port he reached June 12, 1849. He had brought with him five trunks of selected medicines, and going to Sacraaiento he erected a hospital. This he conducted for a time, then sold out and went to Marysville. From there he came to Gilroy in the fall of 1852, when the place was a mere attempt at a settlement. He practiced his profession in Gilroy until 1866, during which time he was the only repre- sentative of the profession there. He then removed 334 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD: to San Jose, but did not resume his practice until he returned to Gilroy to h've, in 1878. He had made large purchases of land in 1853, and gone extensively into the sheep business, and at times had as many as 30,000 sheep. He now has 3,000 acres of land in Kern County, and 640 acres in Tulare County; also valuable property in Monterey, San Francisco, and Santa Clara County. The Doctor has been twice married. His first wife was Nancy Whitby. They were married in Memphis, and her death occurred in Gilroy. By this marriage there were four children: Perry, who resides in Fresno County; David, whose home is in San Jose; William, who lives in San Francisco; and George, a resident of San Diego. Dr. Bryant married his present wife in Gilroy. Her maiden name was Henrietta Reeve. They have two children: Calhoun, a lawyer of San Francisco; and Edgar R., who will graduate from Hahnemann Medical College, of Philadelphia, class of 1889. The Doctor is a member of the Masonic Order. In politics he is a Democrat. He ranks among the pioneer physicians of this county, and among its ablest and most successful practitioners. I^ARREN COTTLE, one of the enterprising citizens of San Jose Township, is a native of "S^ Lincoln County, Missouri, born June 5, 1838, and a son of Edward Cottle, one of the old settlers elsewhere mentioned in this volume. He was but sixteen when the family crossed the plains to California. February 17, 1862, he went with his brother William to Portland, Oregon, and thence up the Willamette River to Polk County. Thomas Cottle was already there, and the three brothers bought cattle in partnership and took them up east of the Cascade Mountains, on the line of Oregon and Idaho. There he remained four years, engaged in farming and mining. He took up land in the Grand Round Valley, put up a butcher shop, kept livery stable, and farmed for some time. Closing out his interests there he returned to San Jose. Soon after- ward, however, he went to Alameda County, near Hay ward's, where he and his brothers had a ranch, and conducted it for a time. From there he returned to Santa Clara County, and engaged in farming, where he now resides. The ranch of Mr. Cottle adjoins the Monterey and Snell roads, and is nearly five miles from San Jose. He is engaged in general farming and cuts about 175 acres for hay and grain, the latter crop being principally barley, which he prefers for his land, and which here averages over fifteen centals to the acre. The lowland especially always produces a good crop. He has a small orchard of old trees, principally apples and pears, the latter being strong bearers. His beautiful residence was erected in 1878 at a cost of about $3,000. He has another tract of ninety acres, three miles farther from San Jose, which is particularly adapted to fruit culture, the soil being sandy, rich, and productive. Mr. Cottle is an active man and takes a considerable interest in public affairs. In politics he is a Republican. He was married in San Francisco to Miss Catherine Brophy, a native of California, and daughter of John Brophy. Her father is deceased, but her mother is yet living and resides at Plcasanton, Alameda County. Mr. and Mrs. Cottle have four children, viz.: Celia, Albert, Theodore, and Leo. uOWARD WILLEY came to Gilroy in 1875, afw^ and engaged as a clerk for the firm of Briggs Co., where he remained until its purchase by S. T. Moore. In 1882 he was elected Justice of the Peace, and has been re-elected twice, and each year he has been re-appointed Police Judge by the Mayor and Council. Mr. Willey was born in Geneseo, New York, De- cember 7, 1834. He was reared there and then spent two years on the ocean, being connected with a whal- ing vessel. He removed to Davis County, Iowa, where he farmed for a number of years, and served two years as County Recorder. From Davis County he moved to California and located in Gilroy. He was married in Iowa to Sarah Ramage, by whom he has two children: Grace and Minnie. He is a mem- ber of the A. O. U. W. and Masonic Lodges. gsil^DGAR A. HOLLOWAY was born in Gilroy, California, April 2, 1864, his parents being Laban and Mary Esther (Howell) HoUoway. David Holloway, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was one of the first settlers in Gilroy,. and built and operated the first hotel there, which was known as the Exchange, and which has since been converted into a residence. About 1866 he was killed by a runaway near Sacramento. Laban Hoi- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 335 loway, now retired from business, resides in Gilroy, where he was formerly engaged in wagon-making^ with his father. After the death of his father he con- tinued the business alone. Edgar A. was reared in Gilroy and educated in the public schools. He learned the machinists' trade under the directions of his uncle, H. C. HoUoway, and had charge of the gas works at that time. During his school life he served two years at the printing business, in the Gilroy office. In later years he has experimented much in the direction of the improvement of the system of gas manufacture, and has succeeded in perfecting a system for the manufacture of gas from bituminous deposit, which has been introduced in the works in Gilroy. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and N. S. G. W.; has been Past President twice and is now incumbent in this position. ^APT. JAMES HARRY, who holds the position ^^ of mining captain in the employ of the Quick- ($y^ silver Mining Company, New Almaden, is a native of England, born in Cornwall on the twenty-ninth of July, 1833. His" father, Charles Harry, who was a miner, accidentally lost his life in 1846, in one of the Cornish mines. Mr. Harry's mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Dunn. At the age of ten years he engaged in work at the mines, and when seventeen years old was a miner in the tin and copper mines of Cornwall. In 1869 he emigrated to America, landing at New York, and thence came by way of Aspinwall and Panama to California. Land- ing at San Francisco in June, he went into the quartz mines of Nevada County, and there remained until January, 1872, when he came to New Almaden and engaged in contracting. In 1873 he became timber- man, from tliat was promoted to pumpman, after- wards to shaft boss, and in 1881 to his present posi- tion of mining captain. Captain Harry was married in Cornwall, England, in February, 1857, to Miss Elizabeth Carlyon. They have six children living: Allie, Elizabeth Jane, John C, James, Charles, and Willie. Those that have died were: James, Edith, and Willie. Captain Harry is Class-leader, Steward, and Trus- tee of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a member of Lodge No. 34, I. O. O. F., at San Jose, and of the New Almaden Benevolent Association, of which he has been President for two terms. He is a member of the local Board of Trustees of Public Schools. Politically, he is a Republican. |OBERT R. BULMORE, chief accountant of the Quicksilver Mining Company, New Alma- den, is a native of London, Middlesex, England, born July 22, 1840, his parents being Robert and Ann (Bennett) Bulmore. When he was a child he accompanied his parents to India, and there his father was one of those who constructed the first In- dian telegraph system, and he laid the first line to Calcutta. Returning to England, the subject of this sketch was educated at Wimbly House Academy, Fulham. After completing his literary and technical education, he went as an assayer to Her Majesty's mints in India. He served as an officer through the Indian mutiny, and was connected with the East India Company until 1862, when he was sent by the Commercial Bank of India in its service to China, and subsequently transferred to the California branch of this bank in 1866, as accountant. After the failure of the bank he was engaged in the North Point bonded warehouse, which was destroyed by fire. In 1878 he came to New Almaden, where he hold's the position of chief accountant and foreman of the yard. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., the Chosen Friends, the Masonic fraternity, and the order of Foresters. ^MlARRY FARLEY EMLAY is a son of Eli and s4;|cS= Helen C. (Farley) Emlay, with whom he came 'fe/ to Gilroy in the fall of 1869. He was born in Alvarado, Alameda County, California, January 19, 1864, and was reared and educated in Gilroy, graduating there in the class of 1881. He entered the Southern Pacific Railroad office at Gilroy in 1 88 1, as clerk and apprentice to railroad business. In 1882 he went to Menlo Park as assistant in the Southern Pacific office, where he remained six months, and was then appointed relief agent, serving in that capacity more than one year. In September, 1883, he received an appointment as agent at Mountain View for the Southern Pacific Railroad Co., remaining until June 25, 1884, when he was transferred to Menlo Park. He represented the company there until September 9, that year, when he was sent to Santa Cruz and re- mained in charge there until August 15, 1886, when he was placed in charge of the company's business and interests at Gilroy. Mr. Emlay is a member of N. S. G. W., Gilroy Parlor, No. 81. He was married in Gilroy July 3, 1884, to Miss Mamie B. Strickland, a native of San 336 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD:' Francisco, but reared in Chicago. Politically, Mr. Emlay is a Republican. It is but justice to him to say that since he has been agent of the Southern Pacific Railroad at Gilroy, there has never been a com- plaint against the office, and he has the esteem and good-will both of the company and their patrons. -(S^-^« CALDERON, of Fremont Township, is a %p> native of Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, South America; born in November, 1828, and is a son of Jose Maria and Petrona Calderon. He was reared to manhood at his native place, and there lost both his parents by death, in 1849. The same year he took passage on a sailing vessel bound for California, landing at San Francisco. Two weeks later he went into the mines of Stanislaus County, where he was engaged for eighteen months. He then returned to San Francisco and entered into busi- ness. He made that city his headquarters until 1855, and operated a schooner in the bay and coast trade. He then came to Santa Clara County, and engaged in farming, where he now resides. One year later he went to Alameda County, and after farming one year engaged in the mercantile business. This claimed his attention until 1863, when he returned to his present location, and for many years farmed 1,500 acres of land. He yet retains 182 acres of this tract, and has besides thirty-three acres at another place. His principal crop is hay, and he cuts from two to two and one-half tons to the acre, on an average. On this place he has made all the improvements, and has handsome resident buildings. Mr. Calderon was married in 1856 to Miss Matsada Castro, who came of one of the old families of California. In politics he is a stanch Republican. Jon. THOS. REA, capitalist; post-office Gilroy. aap' But few of those men who came to Gilroy when it (5) was a mere stage station yet remain to note the great development which has been shown by the little hamlet of that day, and by the country sur- rounding. Perhaps no other name has been so inti- mately associated with that progress from the first as that of Thomas Rea. Mr. Rea is a native of Gallia County, Ohio, where he was born November 22, 1820. His father, James Rea, was born in Greenbriar County, Virginia, of Welsh-Irish extraction. He was reared in his native State, and there married Hannah Hutsinpiller, whose parents were Pennsylvanians. He served his country in the war with Mexico, being in the command of Col. E. D. Baker, afterward Senator from Oregon. In his politics, he was identified with the old Whig party, and became a Republican when the political lines were re-drawn and that party formed. He was a man of remarkable memory, which he retained un- impaired until his death, in 1879, after he had reached his eightieth year. Even in the latter years of his life, he could vividly recall the lessons from the history of his country learned in early youth, while the hap- penings of later days and the movements in battles, campaigns, and marches, during the Mexican War were indelibly imprinted on his mind. His wife pre- ceded him to the grave, her death having occurred in 1 87 1. They rest side by side in the cemetery at San Jose. Thomas Rea, whose name' heads this sketch, was the second in order of birth of their twelve children. He grew up amid the primitive surroundings of his native county in Ohio, and in Hancock County in the same State, whither the family removed in 1833. He received the usual education afforded by a pioneer community, which was, of course, limited. In 1838 the family removed to Macon County, Illinois, and there he continued his studies, having for a tutor an uncle of his father, a well-educated man. Attaining his majority, Mr. Rea, filkd with the spirit' of ad- venture, was not at all satisfied with the idea of set- tling down to the quiet life of an Illinois farmer. Accordingly, in 1842, he went to Grant County, Wis- consin, where he engaged in lead mining, continuing in that occupation until November, 1849. At that time stories of the new El Dorado led him to become one of the gold seekers of California. En route, he passed down the Mississippi to New Orleans, thence via steamer and Isthmus route to Panama, where he embarked on the old whale-ship Norman, which had been converted into a passenger boat by the necessi- ties of emigration. He reached San Francisco Feb- ruary 22, 1850, thence, a few days later, passed on to Sacramento, and directly to the placer mines at Au- burn. There and at other points the season was spent in mining and in prospecting. Before winter set in, he was engaged in mining operations at Dow- nieville, where he remained until March, 1852. On the fifteenth of the next month, Mr. Rea embarked for Panama, and returned to Illinois. Looking after his interests in the lead mines and visiting friends, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. occupied a few months. Meantime he arranged for his return to California, in which State he had deter- mined to estabh'sh his future home. The important preHminary preparations were consummated April ii, 1853, the day he wedded Miss Mary Ann Jones. Mr. Rea, with his wife, his brother-in-law, Mr. G. B. Mont- gomery, and others, left Illinois the same month, and, crossing the plains, deserts, and mountains, made the overland trip to California. Late in August, in com- pany with his brother-in-law, he reached San Jose. Resting a few days, they reached Gilroy September 3. But little promise of the present was then to be seen. One store, conducted by L. C. Everitt, three residences, and a school-house made the Gilroy of that date. The post-office and hotel were in the same building, which is yet standing near the present resi- dence of Mr. A. Lewis. Mr. Rea first settled on the Solis Ranch, and estab- lished a dairy business, thus becoming one of the pioneers of the county in that industry. He expended about $2,000 in improving that property, but in June, 1857, not being fully satisfied with his location, he bought 160 acres out of the Los Animas Ranch. Year by year he added to his purchase until he owned and yet owns about 935 acres of the Los Animas Ranch. His residence was about three miles from Gilroy, although the boundary of his land was but a little more than a mile from the city. Constantly increasing, his dairy industry was successfully prose- cuted, until 1 87 1, when, desiring a life more retired, Mr. Rea removed to Gilroy. His present fine resi- dence, on commodious shaded grounds, was erected by himself with regard to comfort and convenience, rather than to cost, and was taken possession of in June, 1873. Mr. Rea was one of the incorporators and principal stockholders of the Gilroy Bank, and until January, 1874, when he sold out his interests, he was one of the Board of Directory and President of that institu- tion. Upon his retirement, he was presented by the stockholders with a handsome clock, as a testimonial of their respect and esteem. Mr. Rea is prominent in political as well as in bus- iness and social circles. A Whig until the organiza- tion of the Republican party, he needed no schooling to fit him for leading in the new organization. Under the teaching of Henry Clay, he had learned to oppose the extension of slavery, and had adopted the doc- trine of protection to American industries. In the General Assembly of the State, he represented his district in 1873 and '74, serving with credit on the 43 Committees on Corporations and Counties, County Boundaries, and several special committees. From 1872 to 1876 he served Gilroy in its City Council, and from 1886 to 1888 as its Mayor. Although a member of no religious organization, Mr. Rea recog- nizes the power exerted by all for good, and while devoting more of his means to the upbuilding of the Congregational Church, of which he is one of the Trustees, he helps all denominations. Mrs Rea was born in Palestine, in Vermillion County, Illinois. Her father, Wm. A. Jones, died in 1854, and her mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Jones, in 1868. Mr. and Mrs. Rea are the parents of the following chil- dren: James W., who resides on the Alameda road between San Jose and Santa Clara, and is one of the State Railroad Commissioners of California; Addie, who is the wife of E. W. Strange, of San Francisco; Emma, who is the wife of Louis Loupe, of Gilroy; Carrie, who has her home with her parents; Clara, who is the wife of Jacob Hanna, of Livermore; and George Elmer, who lives on his father's ranch; and one adopted daughter, Mary, is now the wife of D. M. Pyle, of Bakersfield. The parents of Mr. Rea naturally followed him to California, coming one year later, in 1854. They lived near the Seven Mile House, on the road from San Jose to Gilroy, until about 1865, when they re- moved to Gilroy Township, where they spent the rest of their lives. W. Childs was born in Livingston, County, New York, of one of the old New York fami- •L^ lies of Scotch extraction. He was reared in his native county, to a farm life, and married there, in 1841, Miss Nancy M. Putney. In 1850 they removed to Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, and there made their home for eleven years, Mr. Childs being engaged in agriculture. After spending the winter of 1861-62 in Clark County, Missouri, they came to Cal- ifornia and settled in El Dorado County. The larger part of his life in that county Mr. Childs devoted to mining interests, meanwhile improving a vineyard and orchard property from a state of nature. The ranch consisted of lOO acres, about 40 acres of which was devoted to vineyard and orchard, and the re- mainder to general farming. Three or four years before leaving the county, he disposed of his mining interests, and then devoted his entire time to the cul- tivation of his farm. His son, Prof C. W. Childs, having become a resi- 3 38 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." dent of Santa Clara County, he concluded to pur- chase property in his neighborhood, and make it his home. This he accomplished in 1883, when he be- came the owner of a ten-acre orchard tract, situated on the Almaden road, four miles from the business center of San Jose. The orchard comprises prune- trees chiefly, although it also contains quite a num- ber of peach-trees, which are highly productive. In 1887 from sixty peach-trees five years old were gath- ered seven tons of fruit. There is also a general fam- ily orchard, and in it are to be seen two very rare trees, of the species "strawberry tree.'' They were brought from Italy, at a cost of $200 for fifty trees, the two specimens being the only ones which lived. The fruit, in size, flavor, and color, resembles the culti- vated strawberry. Mr. and Mrs. Childs have five children, of whom Prof Charles W. Childs is the eldest. Nellie is the wife of J. L. Mosher; Frank is a resident of El Do- rado County; Warren is a member of his father's household; and Fred lives near his parents. Mr. Childs was formerly on old-line Whig, and when that party became the Republican party of to-- day, he still adhered to it, and has ever been true to its principles. )ROF. C. W. CHILDS. The subject of this sketch has a fine orchard home on the Almaden road, four miles from the city of San Jose. In 1882, in connection with his brother-in-law, J. L. Mosher, he bought 100 acres of stubble ground, of which he retained 50 acres, later parting with ten acres, which his father, W. W. Childs, has planted with trees, and upon which he now resides. The Pro- fessor is an enthusiastic horticulturist, and finds the work of caring for an orchard a pleasant and profitable relaxation from his professional labor. His forty acres of land, aside from what is occupied by his cot- tage residence and other buildings, is all in orchard. There are in all over 4,250 trees, nearly all of which were planted in the season of 1883. About one-half of his trees are French prunes, and one-quarter silver prunes, and the remainder apricots. The last season (1887) the orchard was too young for general results, but from a small portion (three acres of apricots, which he himself dried) a net amount of $1,200 was realized. Mr. Childs also owns, on Stevens Creek, in the Lin- coln District, a fine orchard property of twenty-five acres, the trees now (1888) being six years old and in splendid condition. Two-thirds of that orchard is in prunes and one-third in peaches. The Professor also engages in fruit-drying. Of the crop of 1887, he cured about 120 tons, and expects this year (1888) to handle about 250 tons. Long and thoroughly identified with the State and its best interests, and one of its leading and ablest educators, 'tis fitting that more than a passing men- tion should be made personally of Professor Childs. He was born in Genesee, Livingston County, New York, August 24, 1844. He is the son of W. W. and Nancy H. (Putney) Childs, both of whom are now living in his immediate neighborhood. In 1850 the family moved westward to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where the Professor received his rudimentary education and finished a course in the High School. In the autumn of i860 the family again moved westward, making their temporary home in Clark County, Missouri. This was the winter of great excitement, following the election of Lincoln to the presidency, and before the firing upon Fort Sumter the subject of this sketch had enlisted in a company of home guards. A few weeks later he joined a company of Missouri Volun- teers detailed for the protection of emigrants across the plains and mountains to this State. This com- pany was informally disbanded before the journey began, but Mr. Childs came with a volunteer com- pany across the plains and reached Placerville in November, 1861. Later, he helped to organize a com- pany of home guards, of which he was made First Lieutenant. The company was assigned to the Second Infantry Battalion, Fourth Brigade, California Militia, and Lieutenant Childs was appointed Quartermaster. Professor Childs commenced his career as an edu- cator soon after coming to California, and has uninter- ruptedly continued in the practice of his profession up to the present time, with the exception of a portion of 1866 and 1867, which was given to attendance as a student at the State Normal School at San Fran- cisco, and at Heald's Business College. He resumed teaching at Placerville in 1868, and later had charge of the High Schools at Suisun City, Solano County, where he also served two terms as County Superin- tendent of Schools. From that county, in 1878, he removed to San Jose, where he accepted a position on the staff of teachers in the State Normal School, taking charge of the History, Civil Government, and Book-keeping departments. For the past two years he has occupied the position of Vice-Principal in the school. He is the author of a work on Book-keeping, J<^_^ . ^^^ I ^X— — '^^T — e--^ --^i^C-s BIOGRAPHICAL 8KETGIIE8. 339 a work on Civil Government, and one on the History of the United States, the superiority of which is attested by the fact that they have been adopted as text-books by the State Normal Board. In 1 87 1, at Placerville, Professor Childs was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Hardie, who was born in the State of Illinois, but was reared in El Dorado County, this State. She was a teacher in the public schools at Placerville, when married. She is the mother of six children, viz.: Florence, Lloyd, Beatrice, Blanche, Wallace, and Harold. The eldest two, at this writing, are pupils at the State Normal School, and the others, except the youngest, attend the Wil- lows District School. Professor Childs resided from 1878 to 1882 at the Willows, where he owned an orchard home. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, affiliated with Suisun Lodge, No. 78, with Encamp- ment No. 63, and with the Grand Lodge ofCalifornia. He is also connected with Mount Hamilton Lodge, No. 43, A. O. U. W. In politics, he is fully in accord with the principles of the Republican party. Mr. Childs may well feel proud of the eminent position which he has won in his profession, in that he has worked his way to the top entirely by his own efforts. By his energy and application he has reached the goal which his ambition fixed, without the aid of favorable -circumstances. And not only has he been successful in his own profession, but also in other lines, as his profitable horticultural interests bear witness. ■^^•« ij^HELPS BROTHERS have a ranch of 224^ acres "^ys four miles northwest from Gilroy, on the Day iST road. Of this land 160 acres is level, and is devoted every year to grain or hay. They sow alternately to wheat and barley for grain. The crop runs from seven to twenty centals per acre of wheat, and barley runs higher. They raise some horses, and only cattle enough for their own use. They have about 100 fruit trees — apples, plums, apricots, peaches, and pears — all bearing well. They also have fifty-two grape-vines that are twenty years old and in good condition. The building improvements on the ranch were made by Thomas Hawkins, now President of the Hollister Bank. Robert M. and W. S. Phelps, the owners of the ranch, were both born and reared in Washington County, Missouri, and started in life by chopping cord-wood at the Iron Mountain. Robert M. came across the plains in 1852 with a drove of cattle, and spent the winter in the mines of Calaveras County. The following year W. S. Phelps came to California, and located in Santa Clara County, in the vicinity of San Jose. Both went to the mines in 1856, and after a few years spent in different mines in Butte and Ne- vada Counties, they returned to San Jose — W. S. in 1858 and Robert M. in 1862. They purchased the place where they now reside, in 1867, and moved upon it in November of that year. The Phelps brothers are both Democrats, and both active, in- telligent gentlemen, enjoying the good-will and re- spect of the community in which they live. ~[iOHN P. McCURRIE. Among the beautiful and @/ attractive vine and fruit ranches in the vicinity ''^ of Gilroy, may be named the Rose Marie farm, owned by Mrs. John P. McCurrie, comprising sixty and three-quarter acres. This ranch contains 2,000 vines of assorted varieties, 1,000 planted in 1887, and 1,000 in 1888. In selecting a variety of fruit-trees, 500 of which have been planted, the owner of this ranch has wisely chosen a large variety of the most desirable fruits, among which may be seen the orange, quince, apricot, pear, peach, Russian apricot, Japanese plum, olive, etc. The efforts put forth by the owner have been rewarded by the most gratifying results, with every variety of fruit planted, and vegetables o-rown. This goes to establish the fact that this cli- mate and soil are capable of producing a very wide range of both citrus and deciduous fruits. The Mc- Currie farm is abundantly watered by three creeks that flow into the Uvas. These creeks contain springs that flow from the first rains in winter until July. There is also on the land an artesian well ninety-six feet deep and seven inches in diameter, supplying a 6,000-gallon tank, and producing an inexhaustible supply of water. John P. McCurrie came of a good old English stock, having been born at Portsmouth, England, on the thirtieth day of December, 1821. Reared and educated at his native place, he later went to- Man- chester, where he had, for sixteen years, charge of a post-ofiice department of that place. While thus em- ployed, Mr. McCurrie was seized with a desire to visit the New World, and sailed for America; went to Detroit, Michigan, 1856, where his sister, eighty-four years old, is yet residing, and remained until i860. He came to California in 1861, and may therefore be 340 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." classed among the early settlers of the Golden State. Mr. McCurrie was Secretary of the British Benevo- lent Society, and had served in that capacity from June, 1867, until June 10, 1888, when he retired, after receiving a framed testimonial for long, faithful service, and at a farewell dinner a silver tankard from the society. Mrs. McCurrie, like her husband, is a native of Exeter, England. She is a daughter of Matthew and Mary Delaney, and came with her parents, when a child, to San Francisco, where her father, who was a veterinary surgeon, died. Her mother is yet a resi- dent of that city. Though Mrs. McCurrie has re- sided at her present delightful home only since Octo- ber, 1887, she has a large circle of friends, and her home is visited and her hospitality enjoyed by many. Mr. and Mrs. McCurrie have been blessed with four children : Matthew, Arthur, Edward, and Hugh Con- sterdine. Their only daughter, Rose Marie, died in 1880, aged two years. The eldes-t son, Matthew, at- tained his majority May 8, i m M. WELBURN. The works of the Gilroy ■^ Fruit Packing Company are situated at the in- tersection of Monterey and Leavesley roads, ad- joining Gilroy. This company was organized in December, and incorporated under the State law, with officers as follows: President, O. M. Welburn; Vice-President, J. C. Zuck; Secretary and Treasurer, L. A. Whitehurst. The Board of Directors com- prise the same, with Thomas Rea and William Buck. The building is 36x40, with two floors and an addi- tion 22x40. They have an engine with a fifty-horse- power boiler. Additions will be immediately made. The present season from fifty to sixty hands will be employed. Their machinery is all of the latest and most approved patterns. The capacity at present is about 25,000 cases. The principal market is in Texas and Chicago. To Captain Welburn's energy and cap- ital is due the establishment of the canning factory, he owning two-thirds of the stock. O. M. Welburn, the President of the company, is a native of Macon, Georgia, born near that place Oc- tober 27, 1855, his parents being G. T. and R. B. (Bedell) Welburn. His father is deceased. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared and educated at Macon, and graduated at Mercer University in 1 871, taking first honor in the literary course, and medal in ora- tory. Immediately after completing his education he went to Texas and engaged in the mercantile bus- iness at Hillsboro, in Hill County, building up a business of $70,000 sales per annum. There he re- mained until October, 1887, when he removed to California, coming here in January, 1888. He was married in Texas, in 1876, to Miss M. E. Harris, a native of that State. They have three children: B. C, Blanch, and Irene. Mr. Welburn is a Mason, and was Deacon in the Baptist Church at Hillsboro, and Moderator of the Baptist Association. Captain Welburn also represented his county in the Legislature, but relinquished politics on account of business; was Captain of one of the best drilled mil- itary companies of the State. gmMOS ROBINSON was born in New Lisbon, -Vfe Columbiana County, Ohio, February 6, 1833. His parents were Kinsey and Hannah (March) Robinson, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Ohio. His father came from Scotch ancestry. His grandfather, Jonah Robinson, a resi- dent of Virginia during the Revolutionary War, and a soldier in the army, received wounds from which he subsequently died. His wife was Johanna Daniels, and while her three brothers were in the Revolution- ary War she had the entire care of their families. Amos Robinson was reared in his native town until seventeen years of age, when he went to Pomeroy, Ohio, and learned the tinner's trade. After remain- ing there three years he started for California across the plains, being 131 days on the trip, and a rough trip it was. He went at once into the mines at Camp- tonville, where he remained eight years, working at Camptonville, Indian Hill, and Jamison Creek. He worked two years at Timbuctoo, and two years at Marysville, and for two years had a shop at La Porte. He then sold out and went East. Upon his return to California, in the fall of 1867, he located in Gilroy and engaged in the hardware business. After being alone one year he took in a partner, the firm being Robinson & Hitchcock. Four years later Mr. Rob- inson bought out his partner's interest, and has since continued in the business alone. He erected his present building in 1868, the dimensions being 2ix 100 feet, with a two-story warehouse in the rear, 30x20 feet. Mr. Robinson carries a stock valued at about $6,500; does a general hardware and-stove bus- iness, and makes a specialty of the manufacture of dairy work and dairy supplies, well casings, etc., his BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 341 trade, in some lines, extending as far soutli as Bakers- field, and sends well casings to all the towns and cities within reach of Gilroy. He made up over thirty tons of iron in this line in 1887. He was married in Wisconsin, October 21, 1869, to Miss Matilda Cline, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom he has one child, Herbert. Mr. Robinson is a charter member of No. 54, I. O. O. F., and of A. O. U. W., No. 26. He has passed through the chairs in the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. Lodges, and has represented both in the Grand Lodge. He is also a charter member of the Vigilant Engine Company, and the only charter member left. He has been Foreman three years, and First Assistant six years, which office he holds at present. In politics he is a Republican. fAMES C. ZUCK was born in Caledonia, Marion County, Ohio, January 14, 1844. His parents ^ were David and Maria Louisa (Linton) Zuck. David Zuck was of Pennsylvania ancestry, and a native of Ohio. He came to California in 1849, making the trip overland. For a time he worked in the mines, but in the early part of 1851 gave up mining. He then located a farm on the Honcut, about fourteen miles from Marysvijle. In the fall of the same year he returned to Ohio, and the next year brought his family to California across the plains, and was four months making the trip. He went upon his farm, near Marysville, and remained there until the fall of 1863, when he removed to Gilroy with his family, and located on the San Ysidro Rancho, where he yet resides. His wife died in 1881. James C. was eight years of age when his father brought him to California, and but nine years old when he came to Santa Clara County. He was educated at the Uni- versity of the Pacific, where he took a classical course and graduated in the class of 1867, and three years later the degree of Master of Arts was conferred on him by the same institution. He at once began the study of law, reading at first in San Jose and after- ward at Gilroy, and was admitted to the bar by Judge S. B. McKee, of the Third District Court, at San Jose. He thereupon began the practice of his profession, and was soon afterward joined by W. L. Hoover, with whom he was associated until the latter's decease. At that time there was quite a large Bar at Gilroy. A short time before Mr. Hoover's death, Mr. Zuck was elected President of the Gilroy Bank, and there- upon gave up his practice and devoted his time to the business of the bank exclusively (which he had helped to incorporate) for five years, and retired from tliat institution January i, 1879. In September, 1879, he was elected State Senator from Santa Clara County, on the Republican ticket, and served in the regular sessions of 1880 and 1881. The session of 1880 was the first after the adoption of the new Constitution. He was Chairman of the Committee on Contingent Expenses at both session.s, and Chairman of the Com- mittee on Labor and Capital, and a member of the Committees on Claims, County and Township Govern- ments, Elections, City, City and County, Town Gov- ernments, and Apportionment. He introduced the bill for the quieting of the title of the Los Animas Rancho, which had to be introduced as a general measure, and was so put through and passed, and now stands as a component part of the law of parti- tion on the statute books of the State of California. He also took an active part in the " dSris Legisla- ture," being opposed to it. Before the expiration of his Senatorial term he resigned to accept an appoint- ment as Consul at Tien Tsin, in China, where he re- mained about two and a half years, returning home in November, 1883, and taking charge of his father's ranch, where he still resides. In March, 1886, he formed a real-estate partnership in Gilroy with George T. Dunlap. He was married to Mary L., daughter of Dr. Headen, of Santa Clara. She died in 1873. His present wife is Jennie P., daughter of J. J. Dorland. Mr. Zuck is a member of the Methodist Church of Gilroy, and President of its Board of Trustees, and is also a mem- ber of the A. O. U. W. ->H4g<^-.- ^ILTON T. HOLSCLAW was born in Howard County, Missouri, July 12, 1827. He crossed 1#f the plains, and after working awhile in the I mines, he came to Gilroy, in August, 1851, and a month later started the first blacksmith shop in Gil- roy. In 1852 he and his brother raised the first crop of wheat in the Gilroy District, of which they sold a portion in Alviso at eight cents per pound. He now has a ranch of 140 acres along the Los Llagas Creek, two miles (in an air line) northeast of Gilroy. Of this land he has thirty acres in alfalfa, which was sowed in 1876, and has borne continuously since that time without replanting. This has been cut two or three seasons for hay, but it has been pastured the most of the time. M2 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' On this he has the present year (1888) kept forty head of cattle, twelve horses, and fifty hogs, and has never fed them anything else. The hogs he sold for market. He keeps ten milch cows now, but usually milks from ten to twenty-five. The product of the dairy is principally butter, for which he finds a ready rtiarket with regular customers in this vicinity. He makes butter the year round, — from fifty to one hun- dred pounds per week. He raises from fifty to sev- enty-five acres of barley every year, obtaining from thirty to forty bushels to the acre. Mr. Holsclaw rented 230 acres of land in 1888, of which 115 are in wheat and 115 in barley, which will be cut for grain. He never irrigates. In 1875 he set out about 100 trees, consisting of apples, pears, peaches, prunes, cherries, etc., and has been adding to it since, until he now has about twenty-five acres in fruit, of which eighteen acres were set out this year in prunes and peaches. The trees have borne well, the only draw- back being the codlin moth in the apples and pears. He came to Gilroy in 185 1, and has resided within a stone's throw of the town ever since. His present residence he erected in 1875. The first place he set- tled on is now within the city limits of Gilroy, owned by Thomas Rea. He and his brother were the only ones who had grain to sell in Gilroy in 1852-53, and they sold to immigrants and others in the vicinity of Gilroy, mostly on credit, and out of $6,000 worth so sold, they only lost $16. He was married February 11, 1855, to Mary Ann Zuck, a native of Marion County, Ohio, by whom he has three children now living. -^^S" 'fl; J. MILLER has been selling goods at New •2/ Almaden since 1874, and has been in charge of '^^ the store on the hill since the latter part of 1887. He is a native of Canada, born at St. Johns, Province of Quebec, June 9, 1838, his parents being William and Mary (Faulkner) Miller. His father was a native of Canada, and his mother of Ireland. J. J. Miller was reared and educated at St. Johns, and commenced clerking at the age of fourteen years. In 1859 he set out for California, by the ocean route, and landed at San Francisco in October. He clerked for twelve years in Santa Clara, and then engaged in merchan- dising at Lexington. Eighteen months later he went into the cattle business on a ranch in Monterey County, and from there came to New Almaden in 1874. He was married in Canada, February 7, 1863, to Miss Susan Esinhard, a native of St. Johns, Que- bec. They have one child, Lillie J. Politically, Mr. Miller is a Republican. Was reared in the Episcopal faith. Is a member of the Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, 1. O. O. F. — --^M-^-^- — .^Ib'jAVID WOOD was born in Schenectady, New York, May 4, 18 17. His father and mother were both natives of New York and both died in Illinois. The subject of this sketch was reared in New York and emigrated to Illinois in 1842. In 1849 he started for California, with an ox team, and reached Sacramento August 23, 1849. In Octo- ber he went to the mines at Coloma and vicinity, where he remained about two months. In Novem- ber he went to San F"rancisco, and January i, 1850, took a steamer for San Diego, which at that time was a mission, five miles from the ocean. At San Diego Mr. Wood and his comrades purchased about fifty animals and brought them up the coast by land, traveling from mission to mission. There were no fences along the route, it being a stock-raising coun- try. His idea at that time was to fit out a pack train and go to packing in the mines, but in this he was not successful, on account of not having the proper ar- rangements for packing, and, finding the business un- suited to his taste, sold out. He then purchased an ox team and went to freighting, in which he was suc- cessful, his last trip being in July, 1850, when he made the journey from Sacramento to Shasta, clearing $500 in twenty-one days. At this time he was taken with malarial fever, sold his outfit, went to San Francisco, and from there returned, vm Panama and New_ Or- leans, to his old home in La Salle County, Illinois. He soon became dissatisfied with the country and decided to return to California, and again crossed the plains, in company with five other men, arriving in Sacramento August 21, 1853. On this trip he visited Santa Clara Valley, and was impressed with it as a desirable place of residence. He again re- turned to the East by way of Nicaragua and New Orleans, and, being satisfied that he would reside in California for life, he brought his family with him, coming by way of New York and Panama, and arriv- ing at Sacramento May 5, 1855. He then removed to Gilroy Township, on a rancii five miles from Gil- roy, and having some difficulty on account of land titles, he went to Tulare County, and in 1874 returned to Gilroy, where he has since resided. He was mar- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 343 ried in New York, September 8, 1842, to Mary Miles, a native of that State. To them were born eight children: Charles A., and Nelson H. (deceased); Mortimer D., a resident of Stanislaus County, Cali- fornia ; James T., of Fresno County, California; George R., of Merced County, this State ; Martha, Frank R., of Fresno County, and Mary, wife of Henry Hecker. In politics Mr. Wood is a Republican, and was an anti-slavery Whig. He formerly owned a ranch in the San Joaquin Valley, of 7,200 acres, which he sold in 1874. He has now retired from active life, but has an interest in the banks of Gilroy, HoUister, and Salinas City, and is one of the leading stockholders in the electric light company at San Jose. He has been an eye-witness to most of the substantial growth of California. The first time he crossed the San Joaquin Valley he came upon a herd of 600 elks. When he lived in that valley, the Spaniards had a corral about five miles from the place, and he often saw them lasso wild horses and in half an hour ride them. >EV. J. LEWIS TREFREN, pastor of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church at New Almaden, is a ^^ native of New Hampshire, born in old Strafford County, August 2, 1826, his parents being James and Sarah (Lochlen) Trefren. Both were natives of New Hampshire. His father was a licensed clergy- man of the Free-will Baptist denomination. The subject of this sketch was reared to the age of sixteen years in New Hampshire, and there commenced his education. He completed his scholastic training at Hoadly Seminary, Connecticut, and entered into the study of theology at Manchester, New Hampshire. He became a member of New Hampshire Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1856, and was ordained by Bishop Simpson, at Manchester, in 1858. He traveled eleven years in the New Hampshire Con- ference, as pastor of some of its most important churches, and was transferred to the Nevada Confer- ence in 1865, and authorized to take charge of the Methodist Church interests in Central and Eastern Nevada. He served as pastor at Austin, Nevada, for three years, and was then made Presiding Elder of the Austin District, which included Salt Lake City in its jurisdiction, he being the first to visit the Mormon capital in that capacity, and on his recommendation missionary work was subsequently begun there. In 1869 he was transferred to the California Conference, and began his labors in his new field at Napa. He was the father of the Napa Collegiate Institute, and was one of its first Board of Trustees, and one of the first committee on faculty, and was its first financial agent. Since his Napa pastorate, Mr. Trefren has been in charge of congregations at Petaluma, Sacra- mento, Grass Valley, Marysville, — where he was elected and served as trustee of the city schools, — Santa Cruz, Dixon, Stockton, Vallejo, and Chico. From the lat- ter place he came to New Almaden in 1886. He was the chaplain of the California State Senate in the regular and extra sessions of 1885-86. Mr. Trefren was married in New Hampshire to Miss Sarah Leavitt Pennyman, a native of that State. They have four children, viz.: Alice, wife of Capt. John Phillips, of Hudson, Massachusetts, who is a nephew of the late Wendell Phillips; they have six children; Frank A, who married Miss Belle Schermer- horn, of Healdsburg, and is head salesman of Austin Bros.' hardware house at Stockton; they have one child; Jennie, wife of Stewart McBride, of Davisville; they have three children; and Caddie, wife of Charles Camper, resides at Chico. Mr. and Mrs. Trefren have lost two children by death: Rosie, who died in New Hampshire, aged sixteen months; and Sadie, who died at Sacramento, aged twenty-five years. Mr. Trefren takes a live interest in California, and has prepared a lecture on her attractions, entitled, " Pen Pictures of California," on the resources and railroad enterprises of the Pacific Coast, and has lectured quite extensively in the Eastern States. Politically he is a Republican. He is also a mem- ber of Masonic fraternity, and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at whose anniversaries he has frequently been called upon to deliver orations and lectures. He takes a deep interest in all educational work, especially the common schools, having frequently been called upon to deliver addresses before the High School graduating classes, and serve on visiting com- mittees to universities and colleges. y A FORGE WHITNEY, the popular liveryman of San Jose, is a native of Ontario, Canada, born at Kemptville, April 4, i860, his parents being John and Mary (McMullen) Whitney. The subject of this sketch was reared to the age of seven- teen at his native place, then came to California and located at San Jose. Two years later he went to Napa County, and after a year and a half there went 344 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." to Colusa County. Eight months later he returned to San Jose, and farmed in this vicinity until 1883. He then engaged in the livery business, as a member of the firm of Whitney & Donnelly. The firm does a large business, having fifteen horses and twelve vehi- cles, of best description, constantly in use. Mr. Whitney was married, in San Jose, October 15, 1885, to Miss Lucia, daughter of Major H. S. Foote. He is a member of Santa Clara Lodge, I. O. O. F., Santa Clara Encampment, and Santa Clara Canton. Politically, he is a Republican. *K§^-n§)-« IjEOUIS CHYNOWETH, one of the public- <^p spirited citizens of San Jose Township, became T identified with Santa Clara County in 1887. He is a native of Wisconsin, and was born in Dane County on the nineteenth of August, 1856. His fa- ther, Thomas Chynoweth, was a native of England, but his mother, whose maiden narne was Emily Brad- ford, was American born, and a native of New Hamp- shire. The subject of this mention was reared in Madison, the capital of the Badger State, and received his education at the State University, an institution of learning of very high rank. He was among the graduates of the class of 1881. Having completed his scholastic education, he adopted the law as his profession, reading the course in the office of E. A. & J. O. Hayes. He afterward practiced with the firm of Knight & Hayes, at Ashland, Wisconsin, whither he removed in August, 1884. In April, 1887, he purchased 210 acres of land in Santa Clara County, while on a visit to California, and in September he came out here to make his future home in this valley. He has sold off 1 10 acres, in- cluding the foot-hill land, and now has 100 acres of level land, which has no superior in this county. Of this splendid tract it is probable Mr. Chynoweth will devote sixty acres to fruit culture. He has al- ready made a start in this direction, having planted in 1888 seven acres in prunes, peaches, apricots, pears, plums, apples, cherries, nectarines, quinces, figs, etc. These have all shown such progress that forty acres will be added to the orchard in the coming winter. Most of the planting will be French prunes, with a small proportion of apricots, peaches, pears, and cherries. The place adjoins the main thoroughfare between San Jose and Monterey, from which a beau- tiful view of it is obtained, with the hills as a back- ground. Mr. Chynoweth, who resided at Hurley, Wisconsin, during the year immediately preceding his coming here, is interested in the great Germania iron mine at that point. He formerly had holdings in the Ashland mine, but disposed of these. ^^i^^ SiMlLLIAM J. McCAUGHIN came to California S®l^ November, 1886. He is a native of Illinois. f having been born in Fulton County, in the town of Farmington, January 16, 1859. His parents were Hugh and Margaret (Jamison) Mc- Caughin. His mother died when he was but three years of age. His father and the family removed to Peoria County, Illinois, and there he was reared. In 1875 he removed to Iowa, and located in Warren County, where he followed farming, and accumulated property interests, which he still retains. In Novem- ber, 1886, he came to Placer County, California, and one month later removed to Cloverdale, Sonoma County. A short time after this occurred his removal to Santa Clara County. On the twenty-fifth of Octo- ber, 1887, he became superintendent of the Breyfogle and Mayburg property, near Madrone, and many im- provements have been made under his direction. He was married at Indianola, in Warren County, Iowa, December 25, 1879, to Miss Sarah S. Clough, a native of Iowa. They have four children, as follows: Morris, May, Carl, and Frank. Politically, Mr. McCaughin is a Republican. ^■ -(§^'5§)-s siGNAZIO MADONNA is the Superintendent of sp Farrington's rancho in Canada de los Osos, situ- T ated about eight and one-half miles east of Gil- roy, which contains about 1,800 acres, devoted to farming and stock-raising. About 200 acres are put in grain, half wheat and half barley, and at least lOO acres more could be easily farmed. About fifty acres are cut for hay, principally barley. The balance is pasture land covered with clover alfilaria. The ranch sustains about 250 head of stock, chiefly of the Nor- man grade of horses and the Nutwood trotting stock. The new ranch residence was erected in 1887. Mr. Madonna was born in Switzerland, November 2, 1854, his parents being Senor Simone and Mary Madonna. The subject of this sketch was reared there, attending school until fourteen years old and then working on a farm till 1874, when, at the age of BIO GRAPH 10 A L SKETVllES. 345 twenty, he emigrated to America and came to Cali- fornia via New York. He located in Calaveras County and engaged in farming and mining for four years, and then went to Douglas County, Nevada, ranching there five years, and thence to Esmeralda County, where he remained two years. In March, 1885, he came to Santa Clara County and entered the employ of William Farrington, and in the spring of 1886 went to the present ranch, of which he is now the Superintendent. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., belonging to Genoa Lodge, No. 15, in Douglas County, Nevada. WILLIAM WARREN, son of John and Mary Leonard (Wilson) Warren, was born in Ayr- .shire, Scotland, November 15, 1830. William was baptized and reared in the Episcopal Church and came to America with his parents when six years old. They settled in New York for a while and then removed to Fall River, Massachusetts, where his par- ents died. William lived at home till fifteen years of age, when he went to sea, shipping as a common sailor in a trading ship bound for the coast of Africa. He followed the sea till 1856. When twenty-one or twenty-two years of age lie took command of a ves- sel trading in the South. Pacific Seas. In 1856 he set- tled in Japan and went into commercial business, buying and selling teas, silks, and other products of Japan. Owing to the scarcity and monopoly of ves- sels, he bought his own vessels and ran them for sev- eral years. When the first concessions were made with foreigners after the Revolution in Japan in 1859, Mr. Warren built the first European house in Nagas- aki, and was doing business up to the time the first Pacific mail steamer left Japan in April, 1867, when he took passage on this steamer, Colorado, Captain Bradbury commanding, and returned home to Mas- sachusetts and was married, in Warren, Rhode Island, to the youngest daughter of Captain Martin, an old sea captain. In September, 1867, he returned to Japan in the steamer China, the first trip made there by this vessel, and arrived in Yokohama, November 6, 1867, where he remained two months. When Hiogo opened to the commercial trade of the worid, Mr. Warren was one of the first Americans to engage in business there. He opened a branch house, doing a general commercial business. He also acted as agent for the Japanese, who owned large coai mines^ in supplying ships, etc 44 He built the first European house in Hiogo on the foreign concession. His wife was the first American lady who settled in Hiogo. They had a son, Harry L., born there August 15, 1868, and he was the first child born there of American parents. Mr. Warren closed his business in 1870, and in March of that year took pas- sage for home and arrived in Rhode Island with his wife and child in May. In 1876 he began the manu- facture of wadding, under the firm name of Textile Wadding Company, of which he was the owner and manager. He carried on the business till some time in 1882, when the factory was burned down. Al- though it was partly covered with insurance, Mr. Warren met with a heavy loss. In 1883 he removed to California and bought his present ranch of 120 acres near Saratoga, where he has since resided. They have a family of three children: Harry, before alluded to, Florence A., and William, Jr. Mr. War- ren has thirty-five acres in vines, and fifty-five acres in prunes, peaches, and plums, all choice varieties. He is the first man in this locality who beganto grade fruit and classify it to make a commercial commodity of it. His brand of prunes, called the "Warren Brand," is used by leading grocers of San Francisco, and for choice varieties are taking the place of the foreign article. He has been very successful as a packer, and has an evaporating establishment and conveniences for putting up fruit. His agents. Field & Stone, of 126 California Street, ship all his fruit that can be spared to Cleveland and other Eastern cities. While living in Hiogo, Japan, the first Masonic lodge organized there was in Mr. Warren's dining- room, he being a Mason. This now is a large and powerful lodge, and is named the Hiogo and Osaka Lodge. ;RS. ELIZABETH O'TOOLE has a ranch of ^^ ^11 acres, on which is situated a large and com- t^^f modious residence about two miles northeast from Gilroy. She also has the management of another place, of 800 acres, formerly having had 2,000 acres. On her place is a vineyard of forty acres from four to seventeen years old, all in good bearing, prin- cipally wine grapes, and in 1887 she made about 12,000 gallons of wine. Mr. Lawrence O'Toole (deceased), who resided in Santa Clara County a great many years, was a native of County Wexford, Ireland, where he was born No- 346 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' vember 2, 1822. His parents were John and Mary (Farrell) O'Toole, who emigrated to Canada in 1833, and located near Quebec, where Lawrence was reared. He came to California with a brother and brother-in- law, by way of Nicaragua, and located in Gilroy. He went to the mines in Calaveras County, and was suc- cessful in his mining operations during the two years he was located there. He then came to Santa Clara County again, and settled on the ranch where his family now reside. He managed the Bryan Murphy estate for a number of years with great business tact. He resided here until his death, April 4, 1887. Mr. O'Toole was one of the first members of the Catholic Church of Gilroy, and was always one of its principal benefactors. He contributed largely to the building of the Convent at Gilroy, and was a very charitable man throughout his entire life, and no deserving per- son ever appealed to him in vain. He was married, January 31, 1869, to Mrs. Eliza- beth McAllister, a native of County Antrim, Ireland, daughter of John and Sarah (McCauley) McAllister. She was reared there, and when nineteen years old came to America to join her sisters who had pre- ceded her a few years. They had one child, Mamie, who received her education in the Convents of Gilroy and San Jose, and is a cultured artist and musician. Mrs. O'Toole has exhibited wonderful ability in grasp- ing the situation since the management of the affairs of the farm fell upon her after her husband's death. JLLIAM QUINN, one of the promint;nt men of San Jose Township, is a native of Tyrone, Ire- land, born January 12, 1828, His father was Owen Quinn. When he was an infant his mother died, and at the age of thirteen he left his native country and emigrated to America, arriving at Pittsburg July 3, 1841. He lived with his sister for a few years, and afterward engaged in draying. In 1853 he came to California by the way of New York and the Isthmus of Panama, arriving at San Fran- cisco March 5, 1853. He obtained employment at the San Mateo Hotel, and in 1856 was married to Miss B. A. Lannon. During the same year he started a dairy. In 1858 he removed to Santa Clara County, locating on tract No. 6, San Jose Pueblo, of 500 acres, where he now resides. No imjDrovement had at that time been made, and it was a wilderness of mustard. He improved the place, and made it valuable, so that he sold off the greater portion of the tract at good prices. He yet retains 128 acres of the old home- stead, adjoining Lucretia Avenue. He has large interests in Alameda County, where he possesses a tract of 1,180 acres of land, devoted to stock-raising, farming, and dairying. He has 200 head of thorough- bred and graded Durham cattle. Mr. Quinn is one of the county's active, go-ahead men, and has been for many years a Director of the Santa Clara County Agricultural Association. Mr. and Mrs. Quinn are the parents of seven chil- dren, of whom one — William— died at the age of twelve years. Those living are: Maggie, Nellie, Daniel O., Dollie, Lizzie, and Winnifred. The family are members of the Catholic Church. In politics Mr. Quinn is a Democrat. s-g^-^g)-? H. GAY, Superintendent of Oak Hill Ceme- tery, is a native of Illinois, born at Payson, Adams County, April 10, 1842. His father, Milus Gay, was a native of North Carolina, born in Iredell County, in 181 1, and reared there. In 1833 he removed to Illinois, and engaged in merchandising in Adams County. In 1850 he crossed the plains to California, and went into the mines at Drytown; go- ing back to Illinois in 1852, he returned to California with his family, the journey to Sacramento occupying the time from the third of April to September 6. He also shipped out several hundred fanning-mills, and he occupied about one year in disposing of these, making San Jose his residence and headquarters. In 1853 he bought an interest in a ranch, on a portion of which the subject of this sketch now resides, and afterward effected the purchase of a 500-acre lot, from which was withheld a forty-acre tract, — the site of the ceme- tery. Here he lived until his death, which occurred in 1878. His wife had preceded him to the grave, her death occurring in December, 1873. She was a mem- ber of the First Methodist Church. In politics, he was a Whig and afterward a Republican. M. H. Gay, the subject of this sketch, was reared from early boyhood in this State, and here received his education. He graduated at the University of the Pacific in 1865, and afterward was an instructor there for a time. Thence he went to Los Gatos, but after teaching one term was called to the chair of languages in his a/jHa mater, which he filled for four years. He read law in the office of the firm of Silent & Herrington, and entered the District Clerk's office as BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 347 deputy, serving in that capacity with Messrs. Belden and Finley. In 1874 he went to San Buenaventura, and established the Bank of Ventura. With that institution he was connected for four and a half years, acting as its cashier and manager. On the death of his father he returned to the home ranch and took charge of it. • He was nominated by the Republican Convention of 1880 for Representative from this dis- trict in the General Assembly of California, and at the ensuing election was chosen by the electors of the district to the position. In the session of 1881 he served on the Committees on Public Buildings, and Roads and Highways. He has served Franklin School District as Trustee since 1878, and in Janu- ary, 1883, was chosen Superintendent of Oak Hill Cemetery. Mr. Gay was married October 23, 1872, to Miss Ella Sinex, a native of Indiana, reared in Michigan, and daughter of Dr. T. H. Sinex. Dr. Sinex was educated at t e celebrated institution at Greencastle, Indiana, now known as De Pauw University. He was ordained a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church by Bishop Simpson. In 1864 he came to Santa Clara, and preached here three years. He was made President of the University of the Pacific, and devoted his great energy and ability to the upbuilding of the institution, being connected with it altogether about twelve years. He preached at Bush Street Church, San Francisco, and since 1886 has filled the pulpit of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Pacific Grove. His wife was formerly Mary E. Ward, a na- tive of Bloomfield, New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs Gay have one child, Henry Milus. 5,HgC..^g)- sSilOHN S. PHIPPEN, foreman of trotting stable^ Palo Alto Ranch, is a native of New York State, born at Borodino, Onondaga County, January 16, 1859, his parents being George and Margaret (Nicholson) Phippen. His father was a soldier of the Union, and fought for the flag in the late Civil War. He gave his life in the country's service, his death occurring near City Point, Virginia. In 1868 the family came to California, by the Isthmus route, and located at San Jose, where John S. Phippen was reared. At an early age he became accustomed to the care of horses, and was engaged in that business for Cal. Martin for over six years. In 1879 he came to Palo Alto Ranch, with which he has ever since been connected. He has been in charge of his de- partment since 1883, and has had charge, in that time, of some of the best trotters this coast has produced. Mr. Phippen was married at Mayfield, January i, 1887, to Miss Georgiana Spaulding, a native of Sears- ville, California, and daughter of Joseph S. Spaulding, whose sketch appears in this work. Mr. Phippen is a Republican, politically. DISTEL, the well-known viticulturist of Fre- mont Township, is a native of France, born in Alsace, March 11, 1846, his parents being Nor- bart and Anna (Scheben) Distel. His father was a distiller, and the subject of this sketch was reared to that business, and when only twelve years of age was able to make brandy. In 1864 he went to Savarn, and from there to the port of Havre, whence he crossed the ocean to New York. From there he went to Aspinwall, crossed the Isthmus of Panama, came to California, and located at Mayfield. He was employed at farm work for a time, and also at grape-growing. He has a ranch of 108 acres, three miles from Mayfield, on the San Jose and San Fran- cisco road, which he purchased in 1881. It was then a wild place, covered with timber and brush, but is now a garden-spot. He set to work clearing it off, and in 1883 put out twenty acres of vines, all French varieties. He has added thereto until he now has fifty acres of choice grapes, of which thirty-two acres are in bearing, and all have done splendidly, owing to his perfect knowledge of vine-growing. In 1883 he erected a commodious winery, and the satne year commenced the manufacture of wine and brandies. In 1886 he made 30,000 gallons of wine alone, and in 1887, 14,000 gallons, besides the sweet wines. The goods of his manufacture are fully equal to the im- ported articles, and are acquiring a world-wide repu- tation. He has sent packages to France, Germany, Australia, Japan, and other foreign countries. His success shows what a thorough knowledge of the bus- iness, coupled with strict business integrity, will accomplish in this vicinity. Mr. Distel and two other gentlemen are the owners of thirty-five acres in the Stanford ranch. This is fine fruit and vine land, and has improvements consisting of good house, barn, and well. He planted seventy-five acres adjoining this place in grapes, and they have done finely. He was married, in Mayfield, to Miss Caroline Kleinclaus, a native of Alsace. They have three children: Victor, Alice, and Eugene. 348 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ^RANK BOHLMANN, of New Almaden, is a IRC , . ="^ native of that place, born October 26, 1854, his T parents being John and Edna (Parr) Bohlmann, the former a native of Germany and the latter of England. John Bohlmann, father of Frank, came to California in 1849, locating at New Almaden, where he engaged in teaming. He afterwards went to San Luis Obispo County, and engaged in stock-raising, etc. From there he returned to New Almaden, where he and his wife yet reside. Mr. Bohlmann engaged in teaming in 1872, and has ever since followed that business. He does all the teaming of the Quicksilver Mining Company, on contract, and uses about eighty head of horses in their services. He has 130 horses, and among them some good roadsters. He com- menced the livery trade in 1886, and in this branch of his business employs eight horses. He runs the stage line between Almaden Hill and Almaden Sta- tion, the round trip requiring eight miles' travel, and utilizing eight head of horses for this purpose. He also farms 1,250 acres of the company's land, and in that connection employs a great many horses. Mr. Bohlmann was married, in New Almaden, De- cember 26, 1876, to Miss Laura Fiedler, a native of California. They have two children, viz.: Eugenia and Laura. roRACE LITTLE, San Jose Township, is one of the early settlers of Santa Clara County, hav. ing come here in 1853. He is a native of New York, born in Cayuga County, October 6, 1828, his parents being Asa and Esther (Willis) Little. George Little, of Scotch birth, was the founder of the family in America. He settled in the Massachusetts Colony in the year of 1640. In 1798 Moses Little, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, leaving his home in New Hampshire, emigrated to Cayuga County, New York, and established the family there. Some members of the family have taken part in every war of this country, including that of the Revolution, and in the Civil War two hundred and fifty-one of its representatives fought in the Union ranks, and not one in the Confederate Army ! When Horace Little was eight years of age his parents removed to Michigan, and located in Hills- dale County, where both afterward died. He was reared there, and in 1852 left home for California, coming by the Isthmus route, and arriving in San Francisco January 18, 1853. He went into the mines of Amador County, and afterward to Georgetown, El Dorado County. In May, 1853, he came to Santa Clara County, and went to work by the month farm- ing and dairying. His first location was near Ever- green, but in 1863 he bought where he now resides, and has made all the improvements there. He has three hundred and six acres, adjoining the Monterey road, eight and a half miles from San Jose. He was engaged in dairying until 1887. Mr. Little has had but one failure of crops, and that was in 1864. He expects a yield of forty-five bushels to the acre of barley in a good year, and has cut as high as sixty bushels. Hay averages from two to two and a half tons per acre, and the ground has yielded four tons. An avenue a quarter of a mile long leads from the roadft^ay to the house, and is bordered with Lombardy poplar, which are very handsome trees for this pur- pose. He has a small family orchard, set out in 1883, in a variety of fruit, and all kinds have done excel- lently without irrigation. In 1888 he set out 2,000 fruit-trees,^ — -Muir peaches. Nonpareil and I X L al- monds. He will set out thirty acres more of almonds soon, and will each year add to the acreage of fruit. He has a pump-house, supplied with a forty-horse- power engine capable of irrigating the entire tract, if necessary, as it has a capacity of throwing 90,000 gal- lons per hour. His bored wells are a hundred feet deep, though water has to be raised only twenty-five feet. These works were put in to irrigate his alfalfa land. He has about a hundred rods of irrigating ditch, and eighty rods of flume. Everything on the place was put there by Mr. Little, who has made his start in the world since coming to this county. He was married, in this county, to Miss Lovina Fisk, a native of Ontario, Canada, who came to Cali- fornia from Canada about 1868. Mr. Little is a Republican, politically. He was one of the founders of the Farmers' Union, San Jose, and has been a Director since its organization. He has a mountain ranch of 400 acres near San Felipe, where he raises horses and colts, principally Norman. -^§<^^-^- G. McMillan, dvll engineer, residence May- field, is a native of Rhode Island, born at Bristol, July II, 185 1, his parents being W^ W. and Sarah (McCaughey) McMillan. His father, who was a na- tive of Scotland, emigrated to America, and in 1852 came to California by the Isthmus of Panama. He engaged in the mines of Butte County, and in 1856, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. having decided to locate permanently in the State, his family came out by the Isthmus route, and joined him in Butte County. J. G. McMillan spent his boy- hood days in Butte County, and received his educa- tion there and at San Jose. At the age of sixteen years he commenced teaching school, improving his time during the summer by studying civil engineering. He was made County Surveyor of Sutter County in 1877, and held the office continuously until 1882. In the latter year his services were engaged by the Cen- tral Pacific Railroad Company, on locating work. In 1884 he went to Central America in the capacity of civil engineer on the construction of the Guatemala Central Railroad, which engaged his attention for about a year. Returning to California, he spent the following year in Fresno County, laying out and superintending the construction of large canals for mining purposes. In 1886 he came to Mayfield to take charge of the engineering work connected with the building and grounds of the great Leland Stan- ford, Jr., University. This now employs a great por- tion of his time, though he does a large amount of surveying and other engineering work for outside par- ties. He was married in this county, in 1887, to Miss Lizzie D. Weisshaar, a native of San Francisco, and daughter of the Postmaster of Mayfield. Mr. Mc- Millan is a member of the I. O. O. F. and F.-A. M. In politics he is a Republican. lAMES M. QUIVEY, a member of one of the pioneer families of California, is a native of Inde- pendence, Missouri, born June 19, 1837, and a son of Peter and Sarah (McConnell) Quivey. Peter Quivey was a native of New York, born at Syracuse, in 1807, and was reared there to the age of eighteen years. He then left home and went to Kentucky. He was a splendid workman, and followed hunting a great deal there. He married Sarah McConnell, a member of one of the old Kentucky families, and a native of Frankfort. He was a slave-holder, and when, in 1841, he removed to Missouri, he took with him a man and a woman servant. They resided in the neighborhood of Independence until 1846, when they became members of a party which started across the plains for the Pacific Coast, and which afterward became historic as the Donner party. One evening, while encamped on the banks' of the Humboldt River, a large party of Indians attempted to drive off their cattle, and a fight ensued, during which a large number of the red men were killed. One of the whites, Benjamin Lippincott, was shot through both knees, but he pulled the arrow out in a proper manner and recovered. Another man, Mr. Salle, who was shot, pulled the arrow backward, and his death re- sulted. One of the party, A. J. Grayson, lost all his cattle, but they were afterward recovered, some of them with arrows in them. By pushing forward on Sundays and nights, Mr. Quivey's family, and others, got a long distance ahead of the Donner party, and reached California seven months in advance of them. They stopped at Sut- ter's Fort, and from there Mr. Quivey went with Fre- mont to fight the Mexicans, and helped to raise the American flag at Monterey. After the expedition had done its work, he returned to Sutter's Fort, and in 1847 removed with his family to San Jose, where he put up the first frame house. He had the timber for the house cut in the Redwoods, and while engaged in hauling it, the wagon chain broke, and he was thrown against the oxen, breaking both legs. He recovered their use, however. In 1848 he went to the mines at Dry Diggings, and remained there with his family for three months. He then returned to San Jose and opened the Miners' Home, the first hotel in San Jose, and conducted it between one and two years. The family, however, continued to reside in the frame house before mentioned. He had this torn down in 1850, and put up another and larger resi- dence in its place, the family removing into it before it was dry, on account of the cholera epidemic then prevailing. This second house is still standing, op- posite the Fourth Street fruit factory. The tract of land on which it was located, consisting of ten acres, was afterward sold to Robert Beatty, who cut it up and sold it in lots. In partnership with William C. Wilson, Mr. Quivey owned hundreds of square miles of land in and about Hall's Valley. He sold his interest in this land to Samuel and William Miller, of Stockton, for $60,000. He imported some fine horses from Kentucky, and was the owner of two well-known racers — Dashaway, a runner, and San Jose Damsel, a trotter. He Was a stanch Democrat, politi- cally, and an active man in public affairs. His death occurred January 28, 1869. His widow, who resides with her son, Francis Marion, in San Jose, was born September 14, 1805. They had four children, viz.: Lizzie, wife of George H. Jefferson, of San Jose; James, the subject of this sketch; Angeline (Mrs. Carr), and Francis Marion. 350 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF IHE WORLD: James M. Quivey has a good recollection of the eventful journey across the plains in the pioneer times. He resided in San Jose until 1861, then re- moved upon the Almaden road, about three miles from San Jose. There he resided until November, 1884, when he removed where he now resides, on the Las Llagas Creek. There he has a ranch of 900 acres, on which he follows farming and stock-raising. He has about 100 head of horses and cattle, and a place which is rapidly acquiring a prosperous appear- ance under his care and management. Mr. Quivey was married, October 22, i860, to Miss Melvina C. Marshall, a native of Indiana. Her father died when she was young, and later her mother mar- ried James Stevenson, who came to California early in the 'jo's. Mr. and Mrs. Quivey have four children, as follows: Willard H., who resides at San Ardo, in Monterey County, where he is agent for the Southern Pacific Railroad; J. Howard, Charles M., and P. Carle- ton, the three latter residing with their parents. Mr. Quivey is a Democrat, politically. (^^ CASTRO, of Fremont Township, is a native of f Santa Clara County, born in San Jose, August "^ 15, 1828, his parents being Mariano and M. T. (Peralta) Castro. His father was reared in California, having been a native of San Francisco, born in 1784, When California was under the Spanish domination, he was a soldier in the army of Spain. He removed to San Jose in the early years of the present century, and in that pueblo held the office of Alcalde. He died in San Jose in 1857, and some years afterward his wife followed him to the grave. C. Castro, the subject of this sketch, was reared in San Jose, the residence of his parents having stood on the corner of San Pedro and Santa Clara Streets, on the ground now covered by the massive building of the Farmers' Union. Since 1841 he has lived on the farm where he now resides, and all the improvements visible there to-day are the results of his labors. Mr. Castro's farm consists of 250 acres, located some three miles, in a southerly direction, from May- field, on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and the company has located a station on his land. He formerly shipped about 400 tons of hay per year to market at San Francisco, but now rents out a por- tion of his land. It seems almost like a romance to chronicle the life of a man yet living in the county who has been a resident here for sixty years; yet such is true of Mr. Castro. He has been an eye-witness to all the changes from the old civilization to the new, and has lived here under the flags of Spain, of Mex- ico, and of the United States. He was married, in 1857, to Miss Francisca Armijo, also a native of San Jose. They are the parents of nine children, viz.: Mariano, Merced, Susie, Andrew, Joseph, Willie, Frank, Roque, and Chrisanto. ^• :HARLES F. O'BRION, outside foreman of the Quicksilver Mining Company, New Almaden, is a native of Michigan, born at White Pigeon, St. Joseph County, August 27, 1834, his parents be- ing Elijah and Harriet Cornelia (Fitch) O'Brion. His father, who was a native of Ohio, was a merchant tailor. The subject of this sketch was reared, to the age of sixteen years, at White Pigeon, by his grandparents, his mother having died when he was but two years old,- and his father having removed to Arkansas. At the age of sixteen he went to Chicago, where he at- tended public school two years, and acquired a knowl- edge of book-keeping at a commercial college. He was engaged as a cabin boy on a steamer on Lake Michigan before the building of railroads from Chi- cago to New Buffalo, and was for a time in the Chi- cago Tribune office as mailing clerk. In 1859 he crossed the plains to Pike's Peak by ox teams, with a large party, and for the ensuing year was engaged in the mines, then returning to Chicago. Soon after- ward he went to Texas, via New Orleans, and joined his father, with whom he remained for three years, in the stock business. At the breaking out of the Civil War, he went to San Antonio, and joined a party for California, leaving there the same day that the Ku Klux came in from the surrounding country and took possession of the government property at that point. The party pursued their journey peacefully until within sixty miles of El Paso, where they found it necessary to cross over into Mexico to evade capture by Southern Confederacy troops. The Fourth of July found them at El Paso, and they celebrated it appro- priately, with the Confederate soldiers looking on from across the river. It had been the intention to go through Arizona, but as the troops had been with- drawn from that point, Mr. O'Brion formed a com- pany which went by way of Northern Chihuahua, and through the Guadalupe Pass, a route followed by early immigrants to California. They went through Chi- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 351 huahua to Sonora, thence to Santa Cruz, where the party split up. His party then concluded to go to Guyamos, and from there by steamer, after selling out all their effects, etc. They were, however, de- layed by a revolutionary party of 400, on the way to the coast, and on arriving at Guyamos found the steamer had gone. Instead of waiting one month for another, Mr. O'Brion hired out and went into the mines of Sonora. At San Antonio de la Huerta, at San Marcial, and at Tico Ripa he mined, kept store, made roads, etc., until 1863, when he again determined to proceed to California. Going to Guyamos, he took passage on a steamer bound for San Francisco. He was sick for three months after his arrival there, then went into a dry goods store for awhile, and on the twenty-third of March, 1865, he left for Almaden, where he went to work on the twenty-fourth. Two months later he became night-watchman, and three months after that became receiver of ores. Six months after arrival he was made surface foreman, continued so until 1870, and then was placed in charge of the Almaden stores. After four years, his health failed, and he rested for a year or two. September 4, 1874, he was married to Mrs. Anna New, widow of John C. New, and went back to Chi- cago for a wedding trip. On returning to New Alma- den, he was re-employed in his former capacity, and two years after left and went into business at Darwin with Joseph Waterman. In 1881 he returned again to New Almaden on account of poor health, and commenced work in his present capacity. He is a member of Triumph Lodge, No. 47, K. of P., at San Jose. He holds the office of School Trustee. Mr. and Mrs. O'Brion have one child, Bruce Clark, born August 2, 187s, at New Almaden. ?RS. O. ARNOLD. Among the many attract- ive residence spots throughout the length and 1^ breadth of Santa Clara County, there is per- I haps none that presents more points of advan- tage in the eyes of the lover of the beautiful in nature than the " Hidden Villa," situated amid the mount- ains northwest from Mountain View. The place, which consists of 600 acres, is the property of O. Arnold, of San Francisco. From the county road a rustic gateway opens into the place, and a winding roadway must then be traveled for quite a distance before the cottage comes into view. When it is reached, a glance around seems to show it almost completely shut in by precipitous mountains. A rustic fountain, rockery, and fish-pond stocked with trout, are pleasing features. There are about twenty acres set in choice varieties of wine and table grapes, and an orchard with a good variety of fruit for family use. Some Italian olive trees, planted near the en- trance to the place, are showing a healthy growth. Mr. Otto Arnold, who purchased this delightful re- treat in 1887, is a native of Saxony. When a young man he accompanied Governor Latham to America, and in 1864 became a resident of San Francisco. He has been connected with the London and San Fran- cisco Bank since 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Arnold now make the Hidden Villa their home during the greater portion of the year. fOHN WAITE. Among the citizens who have recently identified themselves with Santa Clara CTS County, is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He is a native of England, born in Leicester- shire, April 8, 1833, his parents being Robert and Isa- bella Waite. His father was a merchant in the shoe trade. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in his native country, and at the age of twenty-two years emigrated to America, landing in New York. He went to Hamilton, Ontario, where he engaged in contracting. One year later he removed to Chicago, and from there to Quincy, Illinois, and thence again to Mississippi, where he engaged in contracting on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad. From there he returned to England on a visit of six months' duration, and on coming back again to this country, resumed his con- nection with the Mobile & Ohio Railroad as con- tractor for bridges. At the outbreak of the Civil War he again went to England, and engaged in the leather business as a master tanner and currier. Five years later he was again in the United States, and engaged in a planing-mill at Quincy. Four or five years later he went to Hannibal, Missouri, and engaged in the planing-mill business and contracting. In 1875 he came to California, and for a year and a half was en- gaged in stair building in Oakland. He then went back to Hannibal, and from there to Texas, where he established planing-mills at Austin and San Antonio, and a brick-yard at Laredo. He built the government post-office building at Austin, and a number of large store structures and residences in San Antonio, Gold- 352 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." frank, Frank & Company, and the Withers and Ben- nett Blocks. He also built the Washington County Court House at Brenham, and additions to the Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylums at Austin, and the Milmo Bank and other buildings at Laredo. His last contract was the opera house at Saltillo, Mexico. Having closed out his business interests in that region, he came to California, bought his beautiful residence place, and moved there in May, 1887. His home place is one of the most attractive on the Monterey road. It is bordered in front with an evergreen wall, beautifully cut and trimmed, and a similar wall incloses the walk, which widens out be- fore reaching the house, enclosing a fountain and flower beds. There are ten acres here, planted in fruit in 1879. The trees, which are healthy and pro- ductive, are principally apricots, though there are many choice prunes, plums, pears, a few peaches, etc. A steam engine of six-horse-power does the pumping necessary for irrigation. The residence is a handsome one, built in 1875. Mr. Waite has another place of twenty acres, three miles from Santa Clara, on the San Francisco road. Here there are six acres in apricots, prunes, egg plums, etc., six acres in fine wine grapes, and four in choice table varieties. No irrigation is required at this place. It has a good four-room house, and is altogether an attractive and valuable place. Mr. Waite was married in Hannibal, Missouri, to Miss Mary Ann Wilkes, a native of Detroit, Michigan. They have one son, William. In politics Mr. Waite is a Republican. 'ONARD HART, one of the old settlers of Santa Clara County, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Berks County, February 22, 1825, his parents being John and Anna (Coppas) Hart, both of whom were native Pennsylvanians. When Conard was in his fifth year his parents removed to Pickaway County, Ohio, and there he was reared and learned the tailor's trade, seven miles east of Circleville. In 1843 the family removed- to Jay County, Indiana, and there the parents lived until their death. One year after their removal there, however, Conard went back to Ohio, where he worked at his trade three years, then removed to Logansport, Indiana, where he ac- quired property and pursued his trade. In 1853 he started by team for California, crossed the Wabash at Attica, then through Bloomington, lUinois, crossing the Mississippi at Fort Madison, Iowa, and the Mis- souri at St. Joseph. Accompanying him were two other wagons with thejr occupants, also from Logans- port. They took the route by Sublette's cut-off, and arrived at Grizzly Flat, California, July 11, after a trip of seventy-two days. After about a month, he started on his travels, going in succession to Sacra- mento, Nichols, Foster's Bar on Yuba River, Napa Valley, thence to Portland, Oregon (that place being then a mere hamlet), from there up the Willamette River as far as Eugene City, and on the first of Sep- tember, 1853, he started for San Jose. On his arrival, he went to work on the very tract of land where he now resides, and seven years later had accumulated enough money to buy and pay for it. This tract consists of forty-seven and one-half acres, hardly three-fourths of a mile from the city limits of San Jose. When he came here it was wild land without even a fence, but it is now one of the most productive places in the county. From thirty acres he cut about 100 tons of hay. He has nearly twelve acres in fruit, planted in 1885, and all showing splendid progress. There are about 900 French prunes, 200 apricots, and 300 yellow egg plums. These trees are said by competent judges to be as fine as any in the State. Mr. Hart raises about fifty tons of beets on five acres, and ten tons of carrots. From some of his old apple-trees he has picked twenty-two boxes per tree, and from a single Winter Nelis pear-tree, twelve to fifteen boxes. The present residence was built in i860. Mr. Hart was married in that year to Mrs. Margaret A. Funk, a native of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Hart died in De- cember, 1879, and left one child. Mr. Hart is, politically, a stanch Republican. Partial COTTLE, of San Jose Township, comes of one of the old Santa Clara County (lXi, families. He was born in Lincoln County, Mis- I souri, July 24, 1833. His father, Edward Cottle, was a native of Vermont, who emigrated to Mis- souri in 181 1, locating in Lincoln County, among the early settlers. There he was married to Miss Celia Jamison, who was a native of Kentucky. The family left Missouri, April, 1854, and, joining a wagon train, crossed the plains to California, driving some 600 head of cattle and a number of horses. They came directly to Santa Clara County, arriving in San Jose on the eleventh of October. They located along the .-^^ ^-^ JL^ BIOGRA PIllVA L ^Sh'I'JTCJIES. 353 banks of the Coyote, and the parents resided in this county until their deaths. The father died in July, 1868, and the mother in the fall of 1855. They are buried in Oak Hill Cemetery. Mr. Cottle was an old-line Whig in the days of that party, and afterward a Republican. Martial Cottle, the subject of this sketch, remained with his parents some time after their arrival. He commenced farming on a portion of the Santa Teresa Ranch, in which his father was the first to purchase an individual interest, and subsequently had his share allotted. His present home farm is a portion of this grant, and he has made all the improvements on it, including fencing. His handsome residence was erected in 1883, at a cost of $3,000. His ranch con- tains 350 acres, and is only about three miles from San Jose. He usually cuts about 150 acres for grain, and the wheat yield averages between fifteen and twenty centals per acre. The remainder of the place is devoted to pasture, which yields from one and one-half to two tons to the acre. He was formerly interested in dairying, but since 1885 has been almost entirely out of this line. He has 185 acres in another tract, adjoining the Monterey road, which is devoted to grain and pasture. He usually runs about seventy-five head of cattle and twenty of horses. Mr. Cottle was married, in this county, to Miss Edith Littlefield, a native of Santa Clara County, and daughter of John Littlefield, an old settler. Both her parents died in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Cottle have four children, viz.: Leora, Mabel, Martial, and Mortimer. In politics Mr. Cottle is a stanch Republican. SOHN SNYDER was born in Harrison County, Indiana, February 11, 1828. His father, Joseph K. Snyder, was a native of Philadelphia, where he was reared and married to Sarah Fleming, a na- tive of France, who came to Philadelphia with her parents when she was a mere child. They afterward emigrated to Indiana and were pioneers of that State. It was about 1820-21 when they settled in Laconia, Harrison County, and they lived in that county until the fall of 1839. They then moved to what was af- terward Tipton, Cedar County, Iowa, where they lived the remainder of their life-time. They reared a family of eight children, five daughters and three sons, of whom three sons and one daughter are now living. John Snyder remained with his parents until he was 45 twenty-one years old. In the spring of 1849 he made the trip to California, coming overland, there being two wagons in the party when they started. At the Missouri River they were joined by others, but while traveling over the country some of the party were slow in their movements, while the two wagons belonging to Mr. Snyder's party, together with another one making faster time, soon outstripped the others, and stayed together during the remainder of the journey. With the party was Mr. Snyder's father and hjs brother-in-law, Mr. Moses Bunker, but they, however, soon after returned to Iowa. The party came into the State where Chico is now located, and from there, in the fall of 1849, went to Shasta, or where that city now is, which at that time was called Redding Springs. Mr. Snyder worked in the mines there until the following April, when he went on to Trinity, and mined there a part of the spring. At this place a party was organized to go down to Humboldt Bay after provisions for the camp. Also a prospecting tour was made from Trinity, where a trail was laid to the Salmon River; there they mined a short time and then returned to Trinity, where Weaverville is now located. There they organized another expedition, commanded by a man named John Ross. The result of this expedition was the discovery of Scott River. History records the event as the river being discovered by a man named Scott ; but the truth of the matter is, it was first seen by Mr. Snyder's party, and they, having trouble with the Pawnees, who had stolen a part of their horses, were in pursuit of the Indians, trying to recover their lost horses, when they came across Scott and his party, whom they told of the river, whereupon Scott turned his course in that direction and made it known that he discovered it. After spending some time in the recovery of their horses, Mr. Snyder and his party returned to Trinity after supplies, when they made another trip to Scott River and spent some time in mining at Scott's Bar,, where they took out considerable gold. Bad weather set in, and the party left and followed the course of the river up nearly to its head, where they left it and . went off in the direction where Fort Jones is now lo- cated, then went toward Shasta Butte and came to the Oregon trail. Here the party broke camp; some going to Oregon and others, including Mr. Snyder, came down to Sacramento. From there he came to San Jose, and stayed in that vicinity about two months, when he went down to the lower Redwoods, back of where Searsville is now located, and worked 354 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." there until the winter of 1850-51. Returning to Santa Clara County the following spring, he remained here until February, 1852, during which time he had a severe sickness. He then returned to the Red- woods lower down than where he was at first, and worked there until the fall of 1854. In 1855 he re- turned to Santa Clara County, and commenced farm- ing and running a threshing-machine, and has fol- lowed farming since. In the fall of 1855 he was mar- ried to Martha Kifer. He continued farming in the neighborhood of Santa Clara until the fall of 1859, when he sold and bought a farm near Mountain View, and lived there until 1865. His present place he bought in 1861, which is sit- uated four miles from Mountain View Station, and now contains 800 acres. The original purchase was 1,160 acres. In 1862 he put in the first crop, which yielded sufficient returns to pay for one-half of the land. This was about the first grain-raising in this section, as the old settlers thought grain could not be raised here without irrigation; however, after the successful experiment of Mr. Snyder, it was not long before it was followed by others. He has from 450 to 500 acres under cultivation. Twenty-five acres are in orchard, mostly in French prunes; and he also has sixteen acres in vineyard, all in good bearing condi- tion. Mr. Snyder has eighty acres in the Collins School District, which is all in vineyard. The farm where he lived near Mountain View, which he yet owns, contains 160 acres, which is devoted to hay production. In the fall of 1866 Mr. Snyder and his brother-in-law, Mr. Kifer, went to the Salinas Valley, in Monterey County, and bought 400 acres of land together, after which they made other purchases until they owned over 1,200 acres. The first purchase was put into wheat, and the first two years it yielded twenty-two sacks to the acre. They then divided the property, Mr. Kifer taking the original 400 acres, and Mr. Snyder the other purchases, which amounted to 850 acres. Since that time Mr. Snyder has sold part of it, having at the present time 300 acres in that valley. In the winter of 1880 Mr. Snyder, together with two others, bought a half interest in what is called the Mountaineer, a quartz mine near Nevada City. The mine was located, but had not been de- veloped until the present parties came into its pos- session. The other members of the company not being financially able, Mr. Snyder, at his own ex- pense, built a mill on the property in 1882. He still owns a one-sixth interest in the mine, which has been a paying investment. |RUCE A. BASSETT, deceased, came with his family to Santa Clara County, in 1882. He was a native of Ohio, born at Milan, Erie County, August 3, 1834, his parents being Cornelius and Clarissa (McKinney) Bassett, both natives of New York State. He was reared to farm life and followed that vocation. He was married, in Ohio, to Miss Weltha L. Taylor, a native of Erie County, and daughter of Julius H. and Aurilla (Allen) Taylor. Her father was born in Ohio, and her mother in New York State, but she was reared in Ohio from her thirteenth year. In 1882 the family came to Califor- nia, and in August of that year Mr. Bassett purchased a ranch of 134 acres in the hill country east of San Jose, where the family now reside. Here he followed farming until his death, which occurred on the sixth of March, 1887. Mr. Bassett was an intelligent and active man; was a brother of the Superintendent of the Southern Pacific Railroad, Northern Division. He was a Republican in his political views. Mrs. Bassett has three children: Arthur T., Linn A., and Clara A. .^■|OHN FRANCIS LEWIS, Superintendent of the ©/ winery and vineyard at Palo Alto Ranch, is a man ^ of no ordinary attainments. He is a native of South Carolina, born in Charleston, his parents be- ing John and Cloelia J. (Costa Magna) Lewis, both of whom were also born in Charleston. J. F. Lewis was reared in his native city until ten years of age, when he was sent to Europe to be educated, and there re- ceived the advantages of those celebrated institutions of learning, the Royal Polytechnic School at Dresden and the Royal Academy of Mines at Freiberg. From Germany he came to California, in 1862. He remained in San Francisco a short time, then went to Virginia City, Nevada, and there entered upon the duties of mining engineering. He became connected with the Western Union Telegraph expedition, having charge of surveying parties until the expedition disbanded in 1867. He became assistant to General B. S. Alexan- der, President of the Board of Engineers for the Pa- cific Coast, and was associated with him until the latter part of 1878. In 1879 he bought a vineyard and winery at Vine Hill, Santa Cruz County, and en- gaged in the business of raising grapes and making wine. In 1882 the firm of Lewis & Hindes was formed, and they carried on the wine-making busi- ness at Saratoga until 1886. Mr. Lewis then assumed BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the superintendency of the Los Gatos Co-operative Winery, which engaged his attention until he took his present position in the following year. Mr. Lewis was twice married. His first wife was Fannie Eleanor Hindes. She died in 1884. By this marriage there were two children: Alvin Francis and Joseph Hindes. His present wife was formerly Miss N. B. Moutrey, a native of Santa Clara County. Her father was Riley Moutrey, the man who saved the Donner party. By this marriage there is one child Nancy Belle. IgRANCIS L. CORCORAN, Superintendent of ^^ the farming operations at Palo Alto Ranch, is a T native of Wisconsin, born in Washington County, February 2, 1852, his parents being Michael and Ann Corcoran. His father settled in that county in 1845, with the pioneers. Li 1865 the parents moved to Fond du Lac County, that State, locating near the city of Fond du Lac, where Francis L. remained un- til 1878, when he came to California, locating at Stockton. In February, 1883, he came to Menlo Park Ranch, and was soon appointed to his present position. He was married in this county to Miss Mary F. Smith, a native of Santa Clara, and daughter of Joseph Smith, deceased, an old settler. They have one child, Lorene Frances. Mr. Corcoran is a pleas- ant and agreeable gentleman, of superior intelligence, and well qualified for the management of the impor- tant interests placed in his care. f'" HARLES MARVIN, the noted expert who has -.. charge of the trotting ranch at Palo Alto farm, is @H= a native of New York, born in Genesee County, in 1839. In 1844 his parents moved westward, locating at Lowell, Michigan. At the age of twelve he commenced a residence in Central Illinois, and in 1856 went to Clinton, Iowa. From there he went to Pike's Peak, in i860. In the second year of the war he offered his services to the Union cause, and was assigned to the Second Colorado regiment, as a mem- ber of which he served until the close of hostilities, though most of the time on special duty, and in the capacity of a scout. In this line of duty his personal courage and quickness of decision stood him in good stead. In 1865 he removed to Kansas City, where he picked up a couple of runners and commenced train- ing race horses. His success attracted the attention of P. B. Gardner, a liveryman of Kansas City, and the latter engaged his services, about the close of the year 1865. He remained in Mr. Gardner's employ about two years, and was especially successful in converting pacers to a trotting gait. In 1867 he went to Mexico, where he remained two years. Returning to Kansas City, a partnership was formed between Mr. Marvin and E. L. Mitchell, Mr. Marvin again developing some trotters and pacers. In 1872 they removed to Olathe, Kansas, constructed a track, and commenced training on a larger scale. During that year a Mr. Morgan brought to Olathe a big brown pacer to be trained, having concluded to make a trotter of him. This horse was Smuggler. On the ninth of August Mr. Marvin commenced to teach him the trotting gait, and soon found that all his patience would be re- quired in the task. On the twenty-eighth the horse struck the trotting step, and twenty-one days there- after he trotted two consecutive mile heats in 2:32^ and 2:30^ respectively. The next spring $10,000 was offered for the horse, but refused, and he was sold the same year for $30,000, and five years later, by Colonel Russell, of Boston, for $40,000. The career of Smuggler was always a matter of special interest to Mr. Marvin, who it is safe to say never knew a prouder day than that on which he drove Smuggler in that great race in which he beat Goldsmith Maid, the acknowledged Queen of the Turf. In the winter of 1877-78 Mr. Marvin took Smuggler to California, but the great horse went wrong, and was shipped to his Eastern home, while Mr. Marvin remained in Cali- fornia. He offered his services to Governor Stanford on trial, and that they have been appreciated by the latter is evinced by the great confidence he has in the manager of his trotting interests. His reputation in his profession is evidenced by the following testi- monial from Col. H. S. Russell, owner of Smuggler, with whom he was so long associated, in a published letter to the editor of the Breeders' Gazette: — "In addition to your very just praise of Charles Marvin as a driver, I beg leave to give my testimony of him as a man. Not only the horse, but the owner as well, may have every confidence in him. If the trotting interests of the country had been piloted by such men as he, there would have been morfe honest owners in the field to-day, and the better part of our citizens would be ready to encourage, rather than sus- pect, the motives which prompt capital to invest in a pastime which unfortunately has been shamefully abused." Mr. Marvin was married, in Kansas City, to Miss 356 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Fannie Martin, a lady of much intelligence and refine- ment. She is a native of Waukegan, Illinois, and daughter of Daniel and Didana Martin. Her parents, who were formerly from the village of Hartford, Washington County, New York, located in Chicago among its early settlers, when there were hardly a dozen little cabins to mark the site of that now won- derful city. After a residence of three years at Chicago, they removed to Waukegan, Lake County, Illinois, and there remained thirteen years. From there they removed to Bates County, Missouri, during the excitement of the Missouri-Kansas border troub- les, and the family, who were the only Free-Soilers in the community, fared none too well in their own home. After three years of residence there, they removed to Osawatomie, Kansas, the home of John Brown. Mrs. Marvin well remembers the old hero, who- was a fre- quent visitor at the Martin homestead and a warm friend on account of their antislavery sympathies. When the Civil War came on, four of her brothers offered their services in behalf of their country's flag, and one of them, who was also a member of the Kan- sas Legislature, was killed in defense of the Union, at Bridgeport, Alabama, in 1865. The father of Mrs. Marvin died in 1858, and her mother in 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Marvin were the parents of four children, of whom one, Addie, died at the age of two years. Those living are: Howard, Jessie, and Charles, Jr. f^ F. TAAFFE. One of the most extensive farm- ers in Santa Clara County is the young gentle- man whose name heads this sketch, and who manages 3,000 acres of the Taaffe Ranch, three miles from Mountain View. To cultivate this amount is a large undertaking for one individual, but every- thing about the place indicates good management and commendable care and attention. In 1888 he cut about 1,000 acres for hay, averaging two tons to the acre. Five hundred acres of wheat averaged between twelve and fifteen sacks to the acre. The land is very productive, and in particularly favorable years this average is largely increased. The ranch, which occu- pies a beautiful location, is watered by the San Anto- nio or ''Adobe" Creek, and by a number of large and never-failing springs. About sixty head of horses are usually kept on the place, mostly Norman stock. Mr. William Taaffe, who has given his personal at- tention to this place since the spring of 1887, is a native of San Francisco, born July 16, 1864. He was reared at the Bay View Farm, in Santa Clara County, and received his education at St. Mary's, and at Santa Clara College, at which he graduated in 1884. After completing his education he superintended the Bay View Farm until he came to his present home place. Mr. Taaffe is a son of William P. and Elizabeth Yuba (Murphy) Taaffe, mentioned elsewhere in this volume. He is a grandson of Martin Murphy, Sr., that grand pioneer who left as a heritage to his descendants a name which will always be revered in the history of the Golden State. In its proper place in this book his life history is given, with the account of the party he led to this coast, and to whom Santa Clara County owes.somuch of gratitude. Mr. Taaffe was married, in San Francisco, in April, 1887, to Miss M. J. Dunne, a native of that city, and daughter of Peter F. Dunne, of San Francisco. She also comes of one of the his- toric families of this county. In politics Mr. Taaffe is a Democrat. ^gAPTAIN CHARLES GORDON WILSON, ^^ of Fremont Township, is a native of Sydney, T Australia, born May 17, 1846. His father, W. C. Wilson, was a baker by trade. His mother died when he was a child of three years, and in 1849 the father and family sailed for California, landing at San Fran- cisco, where they located, and there the subject of this sketch was reared. A nautical life had been his dream from childhood, and when but twelve years of age he commenced his career on the bay as master and owner of the Advance, a five-ton vessel, which served his pur- pose for eight years, and was then succeeded by a larger vessel, \ki% Amiie Harley. In 1876 he built the schooner Charles G. Wilson, at Wilson's 'Landing. Here was also constructed the Marie Chevalier, which he operated in the bay trade for seven years. Captain Wilson has been owner of every vessel he has been connected with in the thirty years of his experience in the bay and coast trade, and in reality master, though of course he could not take out master's papers uutil he had reached the age of twenty-one years. The landing, which is known by his name, is by the junction of three counties, — Alameda, San Mateo, and Santa Clara, — and here the captain has four acres of land. He has commodious warehouse buildings, with a capacity of 9,000 bales of hay. The ship- ments from the landing will average between 700 and 1,000 tons per annum. He has a beautiful residence place in Santa Clara County. It contains five acres, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 357 and is situated three miles from Mayfield, by the county road. All the improvements have been made by him, and the place now presents a tasteful and ornamental appearance. He has about seventy-five fruit-trees of different varieties, planted in 1885, and about sixty vines; both fruit and vines are for family use. Captain Wilson was married, at San Francisco, on Thanksgiving Eve, 1881, to Miss Mary Nicholson, a native of San Francisco, and daughter of John Nichol- son, who came to this coast in 1849, and afterward embarked in mercantile life in San Francisco. Polit- ically, the Captain is a Republican. i>-@^-^ Charles B. POLHEMUS was bom in Bur- lington County, New Jersey, in 18 18. He at- tended school until twelve years of age, when he began to learn the drug business, at which he served four years, receiving his diploma as a pharma- cist. In February, 1836, at the age of seventeen, he went to South America, and lived in Valparaiso, Guayaquil, Lima, and Payta, at the latter place being United States Consul for four years. He was in the commission business in these different places as clerk, book-keeper, and at Payta as principal of an estab- lishment. When the gold fever broke out in Cali- fornia, Mr. Polhemus came here and established a branch of Alsop & Co., of New York and South America, one of the largest American houses in South America. In this house he continued fourteen years, doing a commission and banking business. In 1864 he became interested with Donahue, Newhall & Pol- hemus, in the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad, which they guaranteed and subsequently owned. This they worked up to 1867 (in the meantime build- ing a branch to Gilroy), when they sold out to Stan- ford, Huntington, Hopkins & Co., now the Southern Pacific Railroad. In becoming interested in this road, he had to purchase the ranch of Commodore Stock- ton, comprising about 2,000 acres, of which he still owns 1 10 acres, half of it being in the city of San Jose. He has several ranches in the county, aggre- gating about 1,000 acres of the most valuable land in the county, much of it being in San Jose. Between 1850 and i860 Mr. Polhemus was Consul in San Fran- cisco for Chili, and also for Peru. Mr. Polhemus Hves on Stockton Avenue, in a house brought from New York city, in 1849 or 1850, with sixteen other houses brought at the same time around Cape Horn by Commodore Stockton. They were built of first-class material, in sections, and set up on their arrival in California. Mr. Polhemus was married, in 1852, to Miss Matilda Murphy, a native of New York, now dead. To this marriage three children were born, one of whom died in infancy. Those living are: Mary Josephine and George B. Mr. Polhemus is a member of Lodge No. 14, F. & A. M., of Mount Holly, New Jersey, a lodge of which his father was one of the founders. His father was Montgomery Polhemus, a merchant and land-owner in New Jersey, son of Major John Pol- hemus, a soldier of the Revolutionary Army. In Mr. Polhemus' drawing-room hangs a steel engraving of his grandfather, a fine-looking old gentleman in the dress of that time, with the following inscription: " Major John Polhemus, U. S. A., Commissioned as a Captain by Order of Congress, Nov. 22, 177S; pro- moted to a Majority at Valley Forge. The Jersey Blues, organized by his father-in-law, John Hart, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, found a patriotic commander in him." He was born May 25, 1738, and died on the ninety-fourth anniversary of that day! Mr. Polhemus' mother was Miss Ann Van Zant, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, who died in 1842. In 1867 Mr. Polhemus negotiated for himself and three associates the purchase of 180,000 acres of land in Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, at $1.50 per acre, of which they have sold 20,000 acres. They are still selling this land in bodies at from $20 to $50 per acre. ^H>^>^-^-<- )DOLPH PFISTER This gentleman, one of ■=F> the earliest California pioneers, came to this State in 1847, in Colonel Stevenson's regiment. This regiment was intended for the conquest of Califoriiia and for its later colonization, the troops taking along not only their muskets and arms, but implements of agriculture. It was brought around Cape Horn in three vessels chartered by the United States for the transportation of this expedition, viz.: the Thomas Perkins, Susan True, and the Loo-choo. The former vessel, on which Mr. Pfister embarked, arrived February, 1847, being the first ship of the ex- pedition to reach San Francisco. This regiment re- mained in service until the fall of 1848. Part of it went to Lower California, having some engagements with the Mexicans, and part went to fight the Indians in sns PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." the San Joaquin Valley. Mr. Pfister was with the Regimental Band at this time at Monterey, the State capital. The regiment was mustered out of service in 1848, about the time of the discovery of gold by Marshall, and Mr. Pfister went to the mines in El Dorado County, usually returning with pockets full of gold in the winter to San Jose. But in the spring of 1849, perceiving that the population would be much increased by the discovery of gold, and that other in- terests would prosper, Mr. Pfister built a hotel, com- pleting it in 1850. He paid $500 per thousand for lumber, bricks, and other materials in proportion. This was called the Washington Hotel, and was con- ducted by Mr. Pfister for several years, after which he sold it to his partner and engaged in the mer- cantile business, commencing in 1854, and continu- ing until about 1885. He did a most extensive busi- ness, keeping all kinds of goods and supplying stores to the farmers. There being no banks here at the time, Mr. Pfister accommodated many people by taking care of their money, etc. Many miners and others left money and valuables with him, perhaps not calling for their property for years, always to find their trust secure and their valuables in good order. Mr. Pfister was born in Strasburg, Alsace, in 182 1, attending the schools of that section during his youth. He traveled for several years in France, Germany, Italy, and finally left Paris for New York, arriving in 1844, where he remained two years before joining Colonel Stevenson's regiment. He had learned the mercantile business in his father's and other business establishments. In 1850 he was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Glein, a native of Hesse Cassel, Germany. A brother of Mrs. Pfister had come to California in 1843, re- turning to Europe in 1848, and taking with him the first gold ever taken from California to Europe. In 1850 he returned to California, bringing with him his sister, who later became the wife of Adolph Pfister. A pleasing coincidence in this connection is worth repeating: Mr. Pfister had known Mr. Glein intimately in Naples, Italy, and expected to meet him in Paris, but happened to miss him, although they lived on the same street for a year, each seeking the other without success. Imagine the surprise and gratification of both, when in the very first house Mr. Pfister entered in San Francisco, in 1847, '^he first man he met was his old friend Glein ! This house was a long, low adobe, in which was a hotel, saloon, bakery, etc., owned by a man engaged in blacksmithing. When, in 1850, Mr. Pfister married the sister of his old friend. there was only one church in San Francisco, and in this the ceremony was performed. Six children have blessed this union: Frank M., now the township justice of San Jose Township; Emily, residing with her parents; Henry A., engaged in mercantile busi- ness in Santa Clara; Matilda, wife of Henry L. Schemmel, of San Jose; Adele, wife of Ernest Lom- ber, manager of Gray's Music Store in San Francisco; Herman C, engaged in the hardware business. Mr. Pfister retired from business about three years ago, and now enjoys the results of a well-spent life. He was twice elected Mayor of the city of San Jose, and with the salary of that position he founded the San Jose Free Library. He has always supported the Democratic party, voting for Douglas in the cam- paign of i860. He is President of the San Jose Free Library, and also of the Paul O. Burns Wine Com- pany. pHIEF JAMES BRADY. San Jose possesses a ^ deservedly high reputation for the excellence of her public works, and for the efficiency with which the different departments of her civic government are carried on. One of the most impor- tant of these is the Fire Department, of which James Brady is the Chief Engineer. He has been con- nected, for the last thirty years, with the fire depart- ments of the principal cities of the Union, including Baltimore, Washington, and New Orleans, and for the past twenty-two years continuously occupying a position in connection with that department in San Jose. A few words about that department, which has been largely built up by his assistance, will be in point. It has forty-one men on its pay roll ; has two steam fire-engines; one patent Hayes' truck, second- class; one hand truck in reserve; six hose-carts, car- rying an average of 800 feet of hose apiece, and one hose-cart in reserve, carrying 650 feet. The pay of the Chief is $50 per month; of assistant engineers, $20; engineers who run engines, $100. Drivers own and feed their horses at their own expense, and re- ceive $100 per month. There are 127 fire-plugs be- longing to the city, and two belonging to the State, located in the Normal School grounds. There are also four large water cisterns in central locations, three of them supplied from the city water works, and the other from an artesian well. Chief Brady was born in Ireland, in the famous BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 359 County of Cavan. His parents died when he was very young, and he came with his sisters to the city of Baltimore when eleven years of age, and there served his time as a painter, working at his trade in Washington and New Orleans. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he returned to Baltimore and en- rolled himself in the loyal Maryland militia, being soon called actively into service in defense of the lines before Washington and Baltimore. The memorable battle of Gettysburg was one in which Chief Brady took part. He returned from the army after the es- tablishment of peace, and in 1866 came to California, making his way at once to San Jose. Here he fol- lowed his profession of painting, immediately joining the Fire Department, with which he has been ever since connected. Chief Brady was married in April, 1886, in San Jose, to Miss Nellie Owens, a native of this city. He is now reaping a well-merited reward for his con- tinuous labors and close attention to both public wel- fare and private business; is the owner of considerable choice real estate, and is esteemed and valued in all circles of society. He is a member in good standing of Knights of Labor, San Jose Lodge, and also of Enterprise Lodge, No. 17, of the A. O. U. W. l^REDERIC W. KUNZ, of the Wholesale and S^ Retail Bottling Agency of the Fredericksburg . T Brewing Company, No. 135 West Santa Clara Street, San Jose, has been in business in San Jose for eleven years. He was born in Hesse, Germany, in 1848, where he received his education in the public schools, and then learned the trade of cabinet-maker. At the age of seventeen years he decided to cast his fortunes in America, arriving in New York in 1865, just at the close of the Rebellion. He remained in New York State about eleven years, during which time he worked at his trade of cabinet-making six months in Texas. In 1877 he came to California by way of Panama, on which trip he was wrecked on the steamer San Francisco between Panama and Acapulco. The passengers were rescued in life-boats, coming on the next steamer to San Francisco. He came imme- diately to San Jose, where he has since remained. He has, by his careful work in bottling the Freder- icksburg beer, and by the completeness of all the de- tails of his cellar, built up quite a reputation for these goods, while his personal integrity has made him popular and given him a large trade. Mr. Kunz was married, in 1871, to Miss Frederika Meyer, a native of Hanover, Germany. They have no children. He is a member of the Allemania Lodge, No. 178, I. O. O. F., of San Jose, and also a member of the San Jose Turnverein. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, and was elected Major in the Uniform Rank. PAMES A. CLAYTON. Few men are so well known in Santa Clara County as James A. Clay- ^ ton, who came to San Jose on the twenty-fifth day of August, 1850, and has been a leading citizen of the county ever since. Mr. Clayton is a native of England, born in Derby- shire, October 20, 183 1. He came to the United States with his parents in 1839, they settling in the lead mines of Iowa County, Wisconsin, in 1840. His parents, John and Mary (Bates) Clayton, were both natives of New Mills, Derbyshire, England, his father having been a lead miner in his native country, fol- lowing this occupation, in conjunction with farming, during most of his life, while the mother's parents were farmers. John Clayton and his wife resided on a farm in Wisconsin, near Mineral Point, up to the time of their death, Mrs. Clayton dying in 1853, and Mr. Clayton in 1857, at the age of eighty years. To this worthy couple were born twelve children: Joel, who died in Clayton, Contra Costa County (the town having been named for him). He brought to California, in 1850, a train of emigrants, his brother, the subject of this sketch, coming with him. He was largely concerned in coal mining, owning also a ranch of 800 acres, covering what is now the town of Clayton. Charles, who came to Oregon in 1847, and to California in 1848, before the gold mines were dis- covered, died October 4, 1885. He had been a Mem- ber of Congress, Surveyor of the Port of San Fran- cisco, and held many prominent positions in that city and in the State, being one of the leading Republi- cans for over a quarter of a century. In company with his brother Joel, as before stated, James A. Clayton crossed the plains to California in 1850. They were eighty-seven days making the journey from the Missouri River to Placerville, then called Hangtown. Stopping a few days at the mines, he was then employed as clerk for his brother, Charles . Clayton, in Santa Clara, who had been a resident of the valley since 1848. Here he remained until Feb- ruary, 185 1, when he returned to the mines, working there until the following November, when he went to 360 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Australia and tried his luck at the mines there. In August, 1852, Mr. Clayton, not yet of age, returned to California, residing, for a short period, in Stockton, but came again to Santa Clara County, in January, 1853, being employed as clerk in Santa Clara until he permanently settled in San Jose in 1856. Here he purchased a photographic gallery, located on Santa Clara Street, near Market, removing, later, to Spring's Corner. This establishment Mr. Clayton conducted about thirteen years. In 1861 he was elected County Clerk of Santa Clara County, and re-elected in 1863. In 1867 he established a real-estate office, continuing in that business to the present date. Mr. Clayton was married in March, i860, to Miss Anna L. Thomson, a native of Indiana, her parents, Robert P. and Amy F (Brown) Thomson, having come to California in 1857. From this marriage were born seven children: Mary E., wife of C. W. Gates, of Los Angeles ; Edward W. and Willis S., partners of their father in the real-estate busi- ness ; Grace Elizabeth, who died in infancy ; Ethel, born in 1868, who, with her brother Willis, grad- uated at the University of the Pacific, Willis in 1884, and Ethel in 1886; John J., born in 1870, now attending school, and Florence, born in 1876. Mr. Clayton is a large property owner, but confines himself strictly to his business of real estate, loan and insurance agent, and real-estate auctioneer, and makes the loaning of money for capitalists a specialty. He is a member of San Jose Lodge, No. 10, F. & A. M., also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1857, and is a Trustee of the University of the Pacific; was a Lay Delegate to the Methodist Episco- pal General Conference held in New York in 1888. Has been a Republican since 1858, and was one of the Alternate Delegates for the State at Large to the National Republican Convention at Chicago in 1888. He believes in the protection of American industries. ^- ►-J ^EORGE B. POLHEMUS. The importance of ' a man's life is not always to be measured by the events that have transpired during its course, but rather by its tendencies, and the effect it has upon the world. It is for this reason that the possession and cultivation of land is of an importance far beyond what would be imagined by one who looks only upon the surface and watches for brilliant effects. The landed proprietors, men who have the means and op- portunity to conduct affairs upon a large scale, and with an eye to the future, are of first necessity to a nation's progress and genuine prosperity. In this class must be reckoned Mr. George B. Polhemus, the subject of this sketch, the proprietor of the Cerro Alegre Rancho, near Coyote Station, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. He owns 805 acres, which has been often spoken of by old Californians as the jewel ranch of the State for its size, being so elegantly situated (with rich alluvial soil, etc.), and being one of the few pieces of property where the avaricious farmer has not ruined the picturesqueness of the landscape by de- spoiling the land of its natural growth of magnificent oaks for a small return of wood. He also leases from the Piercy estate 3,300 acres more, all lying in a body and furnishing unlimited opportunity for develop- ment. Here Mr. Polhemus carries on dairy ranching upon the largest and most successful scale. He has 300 head of graded cows, of nearly all milk-producing breeds — Ayrshires, Shorthorns, Jerseys, and Hol- steins. He also keeps a separate herd (from dairy) of Holstein-Friesian cattle, numbering about fifty head, of which sixteen are imported cows, all four- year-olds, and the rest are Eastern and California bred, all registered. The dairy lands are composed of 300 acres seeded to alfalfa, 100 acres sowed to oats, 40 acres planted to pumpkins, 15 acres to mangel- wurzel beets, and 12 acres to carrots. Paddocks of 20 acres each are used for calves and thoroughbred cattle, seeded to alfalfa and rye grass, and 100 acres half hills and half meadow, quite low and wet, used as night pa.sture for dairy cows. Of the balance of the dairy ranch 100 acres are seeded to barley for horse feed, while the rest of this magnificent estate (3,300 acres of hill pasture, fine grazing land) suppHes range for the animals. Water is secured in great abun- dance for irrigation and other purposes, by a Byron Jackson centrifugal pump, which derives its supply from a shaft twelve feet square and twenty feet deep, with two ten-inch artesian wells in bottom sixty ■ feet deep. This water supply has been commented upon by experts as something of a mystery, it being so great, having been measured at 5,000 gallons per minute, and when running most economically, and forcing through 4,000 feet of thirteen-inch sheet-iron pipe, which is laid under ground through alfalfa fields, the measurements were 3,400 gallons per minute. Water is taken from pipes by risers of same size. Such is a slight account of this splendid ranch, which affords an unusually fine instance of what may be effected in California by energy and knowledge of the subject. Mr. Polhemus bought it in Nov., 1884, Ca) (^eCxpa^^i^ (_yci,BLc»-^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 361 from the Wilson estate. We look for important re- sults from the great enterprise which he has founded at Coyote, both in the way of raising fine animals and in the accomplishment of a still greater success in the making of butter and other dairy products, as in his business all kinds of improved machinery are in op- eration. It is a matter in which the county is deeply interested. Mr. Polhemus was chosen for the State Assembly by the Republican party at their conven- tion in 1886; and, notwithstanding the district was strongly Democratic, he was defeated by a very few votes only. He has given up his political aspirations, and devotes himself entirely to his magnificent prop- erty. Mr. Polhemus is a native of California, born in San Francisco, January 21, 1857. His earher education was pursued in San Francisco, under Rev. Dr. George Burrows, who took twelve students to prepare them for a college course at Cambridge, but after devoting some years to study, mostly under this noted teacher, he decided to give up his college course, having thus laid the foundation broad and deep of an education which time and experience are bringing to a ripe fru- ition. He was married in January, 1887, to Miss Jennie Ryder, daughter of George W. Ryder, of Santa Clara Valley. EDGAR OSBORNE, M. D., Ph. D. The suc- cessful efforts that are being made at the pres- ent day for the amelioration of the lot of the indigent, the insane, and the feeble-minded, are something of which too much can hardly be said. It is only of late years that any general attention has been paid to the subject. A number of learned and philanthropic gentlemen, chiefly medical men, have studied the matter and by the rearing of institutions for the care and treatment of the weak-minded, have accomplished a good that is shown most clearly by the surprisingly great success that has been met in reliev- ing these mental disorders and in many cases entirely curing them. Upon this coast the California Home for the Care and Training of Feeble-minded Children, an institution located on the extreme western borders of the town of Santa Clara, and which is described elsewhere in this volume, is a worthy representative of what is being done. Though founded but a few years back, and not yet as extensive as it will be later, it is acknowledged to be one of the best managed and most successful on the continent, the appointments and 46 arrangements being admirable, and the most perfect system prevailing throughout. The superintendent is the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this article. Dr. Osborne was born near Chester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1856, his father, Mr. Antrim Osborne, being the proprietor of the Waterville Woolen Mills. When the subject of this sketch was between five and six years of age, his father purchased the Rose Valley Woolen Mills property, in the same county, removing his family thither, and there Dr. Osborne received his preliminary education, from private tutors and at the public schools. He next attended the district Gram- mar School, going thence to the Pennsylvania State College (military), in Center County. Here he took a four years' course in science, for two terms being the assistant of the professor of that department. He next went to the University of Pennsylvania (Medical Department), graduating March 12, 1877. For one year after this he remained at practice in Philadel- phia, at the same time pursuing a special course in the hospitals. He then removed to Media, Penn- sylvania, and began the practice of his profession. In 1879 Dr. Osborne graduated in the Department of Philosophy, of the University of Pennsylvania, taking the degree of Ph. D., being the youngest man to obtain that degree at that time. While in Philadelphia Dr. Osborne was connected with the Presbyterian and the Philadelphia Hospitals, and at this time was the first resident physician to the Odd Fellows' Home. Subsequently he became semi- officially connected with the Pennsylvania Training School for the feeble-minded. For the following eight years, in addition to his other professional work, he occupied the chair of Natural Sciences in the Media Academy, being also the organizer of the De- partment of Physical Culture, and establishing a gymnasium. In October, 1886, Dr. Osborne, having attracted general attention by his studies of the subject of the care and treatment of the feeble-minded, was elected to succeed Dr. B. T. Wood in the office of Superintend- ent of the California Home for the Care and Training of Feeble-minded Children, assuming charge on December i, 1886, proving himself the right man for the position by the admirable manner in which he at once brought the institution to a high state of effi- ciency. Drawing from a thorougi; knowledge and a wide experience, he is creating a higher plane of success. Dr. Osborne is the only physician engaged in this 362 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." work on the Pacific Coast, and is in cliarge of the only institution of the kind west of Nebraska. Under his hands there are now no children, and there are fully 150 appHcations for admission on file, waiting the completion of enlargements now contemplated. Dr. Osborne was married on September 7, 1880, to Miss Margaret H. Paxton, the daughter of Col. J. C. Paxton, of Marietta, Ohio. They have no children, but have adopted a niece, who lives with them. Mrs. Osborne is the matron of the institution. Dr. Osborne is a member of the Delaware County Medical Society, of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, of the National Medical Association, of the American Asso- ciation of Medical Superintendents, and of the Media Institute of Science. He was also the organizer and the President of the Media Medical Club. By his original researches and independent treatment of medi- cal and scientific subjects, he has made a name for himself in the line of new discoveries, and is cited as an authority in the lines that he has made especially his own. He is a hearty, whole souled gentleman, whom it is pleasant to meet, affable and courteous, and a favorite with all. In church matters the doctor and his wife are Presbyterians. He is also a member in good standing of the Masonic Order, namely, of George W. Bartram Lodge, No. 298, Pennsylvania; of Howard Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M., and San Jose Commandery, No. 10, K. T., in San Jose. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F., and is District Deputy Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. He'is also a member of the Delta Tau Delta Frater- nity, a college society with a very large membership in this country. The Osborne family has been identified with the history of America since the Colonial times, the Doctor's branch of the family having settled at Dan- vers, Massachusetts, in the early days of that town, and trace their record back to Norman days in En- gland and upon the continent. He is also one of the editors of the interesting "Osborne Genealogical His- tory," the other two editors being resident in New York city. SpSAAC M. DAVIS. This gentleman is enjoying -^ the quiet evening of a well-spent, active life in his "•" handsome mansion situated at the corner of Third and William Streets, San Jose. He was born at Smithfield, Jefferson County, Ohio, in 1823. His parents were James and Elizabeth (Staman) Davis, both natives of Pennsylvania, where they were mar- ried in 1802. They removed to Ohio, settling on a farm of 640 acres, which Mr. Davis purchased, where the family resided until 1846, when they sold out and removed to Mount Pleasant, Ohio. Here his mother died in 1852, and in 1856 his father died, at New Philadelphia, Ohio. They had nine children, of whom Mr. I. M. Davis was the youngest. Until sixteen years of age he lived at home, attending school and working on the farm. He then left home, and taught school most of the time until 1846. He then began mercantile life as a partner in a general merchandise business at Middletown, Guernsey County, Ohio. In two years he sold out and returned to Smithfield, where he remained until 1856, carrying on a store. In that year he transferred his business to Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio, where he was engaged in busi- ness until 1870, at which date he sold out and removed to the Pacific Coast. He remained for two years at Virginia City, Nevada, doing business for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, and also dealing in mining stocks. In 1872 he removed to San Jose, and has since quietly settled down, his sons engaging in the stock and farming business. Mr. Davis was married in 1847 to Miss Susanna K. Sharon, of Smithfield, Ohio, sister of the late Hon. William Sharon, ex-Senator of California. She is a daughter of old residents of that place, her grand- parents going there from Philadelphia in 1796. Her grandmother died in 1852, at the very advanced age of 115 years! Mr. and Mrs. Davis have six children living, two having died in infancy: Clara J., wife of Charles L. McCoy, of Oakland ; Ida M., wife of Judge J. M. Allen, of San Francisco; Lilly, wife of J. C. Kirkpatrick, of Fresno County; William S.,who owns a cattle ranch in Monterey County; Rosa B., wife of George W. Hildreth, of Fresno County; and Charles H., ranching in Fresno County. Mr. Davis is a Republican, having constantly sup- ported that party since i860, and believes in the fullest protection of American industries. Living, as Mr. Davis did, upon the border-land between the North and South during the Rebellion, he saw much active service. He joined the National Guard in 1863, belonging to Company A of the 140th Regiment, and for four months, in 1864, was almost constantly under fire in the Kanawha Valley, West Virginia. In September of that year he was mus- tered out of active service, receiving a document, which he still possesses, conveying the thanks of Pres- ident Lincoln for honorable service in the cause of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 363 his country. His service, however, was really ended only with the close of the war, as they were constantly menaced with an attack from the rebel leaders, and went constantly under arms. |AC0B LENZEN, Principal of the firm of Jacob Lenzen & Son, Architects, No. 75 East Santa Clara Street, San Jose, has long been prominent in his profession in San Jose, many of the largest buildings in Santa Clara County, as well as in other contiguous counties, being monuments of his skill and judgment as an architect and of his reliability as a contractor and builder. He was born near Cologne, Germany, on his father's farm, and there lived until the age of eighteen years, attending the local schools and taking part in the labors of the farm. In 1856 the family removed to America, settling first in Chi- cago. There they remained six years, during which time Jacob learned the trade of carpenter and builder. In 1862 the family removed to California, settling at once in San Jose. Mr. Lenzen's first work of im- portance here was building the Auzerais House, of which he had charge. Having become thoroughly proficient in the practical knowledge of his profession, and being a close student of its theory, he in time added the profession of architect to that of contractor and builder, his natural skill and correct judgment refining and guiding the knowledge gained from ex- perience and study. So great was the confidence in the results of his work that he was given the building of the court-house at Salinas, the Flood mansion at Menlo Park, the court-house at Redwood City, the Masonic Halls at Watsonville and HoUister, the Odd Fellows' Hall, Hester School-house, Horticultural Hall, and many other public and private buildings in Santa Clara County. In 1884 he formed a partner- ship with his son, Theodore W., who had graduated as an architect, having studied under J. P. Gaynor, who built the Palace Hotel, the Phelan Building, and other prominent buildings in San Francisco. In 1886 this son visited Europe in the interest of his profes- sion, spending one year studying architecture from the higher methods of those countries, especially Italy, from which trip he returned in 1887. Since that time a number of fine buildings have been placed in their charge, among them the Hospital for the Chronic Insane at Agnew's Station, which will cost over a million dollars. The design for the Hotel Vendome was made by this firm and met with the unanimous approval of the company, but they thought the building from this design would cost more money than they were able to expend. Here Mr. Lenzen's practical knowledge of building manifested itself, and the contracts for the hotel, under his management, were let for Jive Imndred dollars less than his original estimates. The difference of only $500 between the estimates and actual cost on a hundred-thousand-dollar building is a margin closer than had ever before been known in the history of architecture. The firm now have on hand twenty-five buildings for private parties, in addition to the public buildings being constructed by them. Mr. Lenzen was married in 1863, in San Francisco, to Miss Kathrina Heckenroth, a native of Germany, and at the time of her marriage a resident of San Francisco. He attributes much of his success in life to the intelligent and inspiring influence of his wife. To them have been born two children, Theodore W. and Nettie. In 1874 he was elected a member of ihe City Council of San Jose for two years. In national politics he supports the Republican party. He is a member of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F., and of Encampment No. 35, of San Jose. SteON. RUSH McCOMAS. Among the public Sep' officers of Santa Clara County there is no one (Si who is held in more general esteem than Hon. Rush McComas. He was born in Cabell County, Virginia, in 1830. His parents, Hiram and Rebecca (Hatfield) McComas, were natives of that State, and in 1841 removed with their family to Platte County, Missouri, where the youth and early man- hood of the subject of this sketch were passed follow- ing the pursuits of a farmer's son, and picking up the rudiments of an education in the country schools. In 1853 he was elected Assessor of Platte County, but subsequently resigned to engage in mercantile business at Parkville, Missouri, ten miles from where Kansas City now stands. At that time the site was known as Westport Landing, and consisted of a couple of dozen of houses and several warehouses on the flat under the hill; nothing more. During the sea- son of 1857-58 he acted as clerk on a Missouri River steamboat, the firm of which he was a member being part owner, but continued in the general merchandise and produce business until the spring of 1861, when the shadows of war darkened the land, and by the 3G4 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF 1HE WORLD." following fall financial ruin had overtaken nearly every man in business in that part of Missouri, him- self among the number. In October he removed with his family to Califor- nia, reaching Santa Clara, via Panama, early in No- vember, 1 86 1. For several years he worked as a day laborer during the harvest season. In 1864 he bought his present home of eighty acres, purchasing the claim from different individuals, but afterward discovering that it was Government land. This place he has gradually improved until now he has four acres of pears, four of quinces, ten of strawberries, and the rest in general farming. It lies on the Coffin Road, about four miles north of Santa Clara, and is watered by three artesian wells, which furnish an ample sup- ply for all purposes. In 1877 Mr. McComas was elected to the State Legislature, serving with credit to himself and giving satisfaction to his constituents. In 1878, under the existing laws, the entire support of the government fell upon the laboring and produc- ing classes, money at loan upon mortgage not being taxed. To correct this and other evils, a constitu- tional convention was called. Mr. McComas was elected a member of it, having shown much interest in the endeavor to remedy them. They met in Octo- ber, 1878, in Sacramento, and, after a session of five months, succeeded in framing the present Constitu- tion of the State, which was adopted by vote of the people soon after. The equalization of taxation ef- fected by this has given a great impetus to all the material interests of the State. In 1879 he was again elected a member of the Assembly, served on the Committee on Education and Claims, and was Chair- man of the Committee on Public Lands, and took a leading part in the successful effort to obtain the ap- propriation to build the present State Normal School in the city of San Jose. In 1884 Mr. McComas was elected County Treasurer, and again in 1886, being now the incumbent of that office. He was married, in 1853, to Miss Ann E. Swope, of Missouri, her parents having removed thither from Madison County, Kentucky, early in its history. Mr. and Mrs. McComas have seven children: William, now living on the home farm ; Cora, wife of D. W. Burchard, of San Jose; Ella, Harriet, Anna, Katy, Allen, and Henry. Most of them are still living un- der the parental roof Mr. McComas is a member of the Masonic Order, as also of the Patrons of Husbandry, the A. O. U. W., the Chosen Friends, the American Legion of Honor and Order of the Ea.stern Star. He is a stanch Republican, and believes fully in the protec- tion of American industries. A man of rigid integ- rity and crystal probity, he has the fullest confidence of the people, as is evinced by the fact that he expe- rienced not the least difficulty in furnishing bonds to the amount of $300,000, as County Treasurer and Tax Collector. Mr. McComas is a careful and con- scientious public officer, and a leading member of the Republican party, receiving the unanimous vote of the convention which nominated him. While hold- ing the highest esteem of his own party, he possesses likewise the fullest respect and confidence of every citizen. _^e[m^DOLPH T. HERRMANN. The subject of 'ps this biographical sketch, Mr. Adolph T. Herr- mann, the well-known civil engineer and land surveyor, a Deputy United States Surveyor, and senior member of the firm of Herrmann Brothers, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1839. He received his education in an agricultural college in Germany, studying land surveying and civil engineering incident- ally. Leaving Germany in 1859, he spent some time in the Sandwich Islands, having charge of an estate in the island of Kanai, the most westerly and beauti- ful of the islands. He came to San Francisco in i860, but as he contracted a chest disease there he remained only two years, returning to the Sandwich Islands. In 1865 he came again to California, and settled in San Jose, engaging extensively in land surveying and civil engineering. In 1872 he was elected County Surveyor, a position he held for two terms. During that time he established the boundaries of the county, fixed the grade and boundaries of the Alameda, made the first full and complete map of the county from actual survey, locating the roads, boundaries, names of owners, etc. The first start for a complete map for the use of the assessor was made by him, as was also the laying out and superintending the construction of the magnificent road to Mt. Hamilton. In connection with his brother, he provided the fine system of sew- erage of Santa Clara, and now, in 1888, is engaged in performing the same service for Santa Cruz. One of the largest pieces of work done by him in the county was the partition of the Las Animas Rancho, settling the land titles to that immense property. This was the largest partition land-suit ever had in California. Mr. Herrmann has located many of the main roads in this county, and also those leading to Santa Cruz BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 365 and San Joaquin Counties. The firm has also done much of the Government surveying in San Benito, Monterey, Fresno, and Stanislaus Counties, as also surveying all the rough lands in this county. Mr. Herr- mann's parents are both still living in Germany, his father having been professor of philology and theology at Gottingen University and director of the Ritter Academy in Liineburg, which was abolished in 1848. For generations the various members of the family have been military and literary men. A grandfather was a professor of the celebrated University of Leipsic. While the first Napoleon was in the pleni- tude of his power, this professor was so earnest in his speeches and efforts in urging the uprising of Ger- many against the French yoke, which culminated and ended in the dreadful battles of Leipsic and Waterloo, that Napoleon placed a price of 1,000 louis-d'or on his head. He was obliged to flee to Russia, taking with him Mr. Herrmann's father, then a child, remaining an exile until the overthrow of the tyrant. Mr. Herrmann has been a member of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F., for nearly twenty years, as also of Mt. Hamilton Lodge, of San Jose, A. O. U.-W. He believes in a just protection to American industries, and in a proper restriction of the immigra- tion of undesirable elements. pHARLES L. BLAKEMORE has recently pur- <^ chased a beautiful home on the Almaden about three miles from San Jose, where he now resides. He was born at Keokuk, Iowa, in 1861, and attended school there until eleven years old, when he moved with the family to Texas, his father being a rail- road contractor. The family remained in Texas about three years, when they removed to Wyoming Terri- tory, where his father turned his attention to mining, first at Deadwood, Dakota, and thence to the Black Hills, after the removal of the Sioux Indians there- from. In the spring of 1878 his father engaged in building the Colorado Central Railroad from Chey- enne to Denver, and after the road was completed he removed first to Silver Cliff and then to Leadville, where he engaged in silver-mining. The subject of this sketch remained at Silver Cliff while his father was operating at Leadville, the rest of the family dur- ing these years remaining at Cheyenne. In 1882 the family left for California, where his father engaged in quartz-mining, in Trinity and Shasta Counties, in which business he is still engaged. His father, James M., is a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother, Cath- erine, nee Gillespie, a native of Virginia. His father has been a very active and enterprising man, and was one of the California pioneers of 1849. Charles L. Blakemorc was married in October, 1882, to Miss Hessie Gillespie, of Keokuk, Iowa. They have two children, born in California, Katie Olif and Charles Cecil. Mr. BJakemore is still interested in mining in North- ern California and Colorado, having mines in both States. His home on the Almaden contains twenty- nine acres, one-half in wine and table grapes, ten acres in French prunes, and a family orchard of differ- ent varieties. He has made fine improvements around his $4,000 cottage, and has invested $5,000 in the Index Saloon in San Jose. Until recently he owned considerable property in San Jose, but has dis- posed of it. The Blakemore Mine in Trinity County is considered to be one of the most profitable mines in Northern California. ^^APT. GEORGE WELCH was born in County ^W' Down, Ireland, in 1837, which country he left in the spring of 1853, coming to Malone, New York, with an older brother, where he com- pleted his education. In 1857, during the Eraser River excitement, he came to California, and went to the mines in that locality in the summer of 1858. He resided in British Columbia about nine years, where he was connected with the police department of Vic- toria, but resigned his position on the force to accept one in the Bank of British Columbia. He was sent with Edwin Russell to establish a branch of this bank at Caribou, and the managers of the bank showed their confidence in him by giving him charge of the gold escort of the company, the treasure consisting of gold-dust from Caribou, to New Westminster (then the capital of British Columbia), and coin and notes back to Caribou. Later he was appointed Inspector of Police at Victoria, which position he held for three years. At the expiration of that time the two gov- ernments of the colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia consolidated, and Captain Welch came to California. After coming to San Jose, he engaged first with Wells, Fargo & Co., where he remained a year, and then opened a produce business in partnership with Andrew Baraco, in which he con- tinued for more than a year, when he engaged in his 366 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." present business of general life and fire insurance, real estate, and money loaning, with E. P. Reed. After continuing in business with this gentleman for fifteen years, Mr. Reed retired, and Captain Welch associated with himself E. M. Rosenthal, the firm now being Welch & Rosenthal, who are doing an ex- cellent business in the Linden Block, in the same room with the San Jose Mercury office. Captain Welch was married, in 1862, to Miss Kate Rielly, a native of Cork, Ireland, who came to this county with her grandmother, her parents having died when she was an infant. There have been born to Captain and Mrs. Welch five children : Annie M., Mary E., George, Kate, and John M. The eldest is married and living in Hong Kong, China. The others still reside with their parents. Captain Welch was once a member of the Ninth Regiment of United States Infantry, and later he was Captain of the San Jose Guards, an independent militia organization. Captain Welch's parents are still living, his father being eighty-nine, and his mother ninety-six, years of age. )ROFESSOR GERHARD SCHOOF, teacher of industrial drawing in the public schools, has a beautiful home and well-cared-for orchard of five acres off of Willow Street between Lincoln and Myrtle Avenues. There are on the place about 325 French prunes, 225 apricots, 50 cherries, and an assort- ment of fruits for family use. All of these are in bearing. In 1887 only three acres were in bearing, the returns amounting to $600, this being the first crop from the orchard. Professor Schoof has also a ranch of 150 acres near Pleasanton, Alameda County, which he is gradually setting out in fruit. He was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1849. His parents, Louis and Mary (Maetke) Schoof were also natives of that locality. His father was Professor of Mathematics at the Mining Academy at Clausthal, Hanover, which position he resigned after fifty years' service, and now resides at Wiesbaden. The subject of this sketch was educated in the Gymnasium of Clausthal, graduating at that institution in 1869. He then attended the University of Gottingen, joining the army from there on the breaking out of the Franco- Prussian War, where he was promoted to a Second Lieutenancy and received the Order of the Iron Cross for special service in the Battle of Beaune La Ro- lande. His colonel recommended him for the Iron Cross for successfully carrying dispatches and bring- ing some flying batteries to bear on the French which were attacking a village defended by his regiment. After the close of the Franco-Prussian war he gradu- ated at the Military Academy at Hanover, and then served the army until he came to the United Stales in 1872. His first employment was surveying in New Jersey. In 1873 he came to California and was em- ployed in the office of his cousin, the City Surveyor of San Jose. In 1874 he went to San PVancisco, and for nine months was on the staff of the California Demo- krat. He then commenced lithographing, which he followed until 1876. In that year he passed his ex- amination as teacher of industrial drawing, being em- ployed in the San Francisco schools until 1884, when he came to San Jose, since which time he has been employed in a similar position in the State Normal school. In 1877 Professor Schoof was married to Miss Martha Naeve, of Kiel, Holstein. They have three children, Percy, born in 1878; Ella, in 1880; and Julia, in 1883. Professor Schoof takes great pride in the roses on his ranch, of which there are between fifty and sixty rare varieties, which he values highly. He also claims to have the largest cherry tree of the county on his place. In politics he is more or less in sympathy with the Democratic party. ^^HARLES HERRMANN was born in Germany, ^ in 1846, his parents being Adolph and E. (Pur- (3H= gold) Herrmann, both natives of that country. He was educated at the Polytechnic School at Hanover and Carlsruhe, in Germany, graduating in 1 865 as a mechanical engineer. He at once accepted a position in that capacity on a steamer plying between New York and a German port, and also made one trip to New Orleans as engineer on the Saxonia. In 1867 he gave up this employment and devoted his time to the study of civil engineering and land surveying in Germany. In the spring of 1869 he came to California from his native land, via New York and the Panama route, coming direct to San Jos;. Here he continued the study and practice of surveying, with his brother, A. T. Herrmann, two years, when he went to Sacra- mento City and there was employed by the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, in his former profession as mechanical engineer and locomotive builder. After remaining there about two years, he returned to San Jose and resumed the occupation of land surveying, to BIO GRAPHIC A L SKETCHES. 367 which he has since devoted his time exclusively. He and his brother made the first complete map of Santa Clara County, which contains the subdivisions of land with the owner's name, also the school districts, roads, etc.; this work occupied nearly two years, and the map formed the base of the assessments of the year 1873-74. From this all later maps of the county have been constructed. He has been elected County Surveyor of Santa Clara County three terms. One term he was obliged to resign the office and return to Germany to settle some affairs that required his at- tention. In 1882, when General Stoneman was elected Governor of this State, the only Republicans elected to office in this county were Messrs. Herrmann, Chip- man, and Harris. Mr. Herrmann was married, in 1872, to Miss Helen Hurst, a native of Germany, who came with her par- ents to this country when she was but four years of age. Mr. Herrmann owns sixty acres of land about nine miles from San Jose, on the Young road, near the Lieb orchard and the Hecney vineyard. This he in- tends to plant in prunes and apricots. Mr. Herrmann is, and ever has been, an ardent adherent of the Re- publican party, and believes in the protection of American industries. ;ADAME veuve LAMOLLE & CO., pro- prietors of the Lamolle House and Restaurant, corner of San Pedro and Santa Clara Streets, San Jose, have for the past eighteen years con- ducted a restaurant in this city, the management and cuisine of which have a reputation second to none in the State or the Pacific Coast. Madame Lamolle has had ample experience, having studied the art of cook- ing in France, and has conducted first-class establish- ments for the past thirty years in Virginia City, Reno, and Winnemucca, Nevada, previous to establishing business in San Jose in 1872. They have an average of seventy-five transient guests per day besides their regular table boarders. There are twenty-seven sleep- ing-rooms in the house. They specially cater to the few who want good accommodations and fine French cooking. The firm consists of Madame Lamolle, Emile J. Lamolle, the business manager, Mr. Alexis Gaston, the chef de cuisine, formerly one of the cooks at Delmonico's in New' York. Thus every department of this well-conducted house is in experienced hands. Madam Lamolle is a native of Luchon, Department of Haute-Garonne, France, who came in her early youth to the Pacific Coast, and here remained. Emile J. Lamolle was borp in Eureka, Nevada County, Cal- ifornia, in 1859. He received his education at Santa Clara College. From that school he went to San Francisco, where he learned the business of machinist, finishing the apprenticeship at the Union Iron Works. He continued at this business until five years ago, when he returned home and took an interest in the Lamolle House. Mr. Lamolle's father, Bernard La- molle, a native of France, died in 1869. Madame Lamolle has one daughter, Marie, now the wife of H. Pfister, who is in the grocery business in Santa Clara. [IR. W. H. HAMMOND. Dr. Hammond was born in Ashland County, Ohio, in 185 1. He was reared on his father's farm, attending the public schools during their winter sessions. His parents, Philip and Mary (Ensinger) Hammond, were natives of Pennsylvania, but emigrated to Ohio in 1848. In 1864 they removed, with their seven children, to the vicinity of Fairfield, Iowa, and engaged in farming. Dr. Hammond taught school in Iowa for about three years, his mind being directed meanwhile to the study of medicine, and all his energies being bent in acquir- ing means to enable him to prosecute his studies. In 1871-72 he attended the State Agricultural College of Iowa, taking first the general and later the mathematical course. He taught school again in 1873, and the next year came to California, where he also at first engaged in teaching. In 1877 he entered the Medical Depart- ment of the University of the Pacific (now the Cooper Medical College) in San Francisco, graduating in 1879. H^is abilities were recognized, and he was made Demonstrator of Anatomy at the college, at the same time practicing his profession. As his duties called for about six hours a day in dissections and demon- strating, and as he was a young physician, he was sent on many night calls by the older practitioners, and the close application began to tell on his health. Upon the earnest advice of Dr. Lane, he went to the Sand- wich Islands, where he spent one year, holding the office of Government Physician on one of the islands, and carrying on his profession at the same time. When he decided to return to America, the Board of Health of the kingdom, of which the late ex-Premier Gibson was President, offered him an increase of salary, but as his health was materially improved, the Doctor prepared for his return. Just before leaving for the Sandwich Islands he 368 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." was married to Miss Mattie B. Snyder, daughter of John and Martha (Kifer) Snyder, pioneers of Santa Clara County. Dr. Hammond opened his office in San Jose, Feb- ruary, 1883, and has since practiced here the profes- sion of medicine and surgery with great success. He has lately purchased, in partnership with a friend, a fruit ranch of seventeen and a half acres in bearing trees, ten acres being in French prunes, about three acres each in apricots and peaches, and the balance in cherries and pears. He is a Director in the Argonaut Land and Development Company, a corporation for the purchase and improvement of real estate. He is also a member of the San Jose Building and Loan Association. Dr. Hammond is the County Physician for the county of Santa Clara, holding the office now for the second term. He is a member of the State and county medical societies, and also a member in high standing of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F., being a Past Grand, and also of Triumph Lodge, No. 47, Knights of Pythias. He is a Republican in politics, and an emphatic believer in the protection of all American industries. R. E. PIERCE. This gentleman, who holds a high and worthy position in the ranks of the '^^X^ medical profession of San Jose, was born in St. John, New Brunswick, in 1856, leaving there, however, with his parents in the following year and going to Boston. He there attended the various public schools, and finally graduated in the Medical Department of the Boston University in 1879. Fur three years he was a student also of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He practiced his profession for about five years in Melrose and Boston. In 1884 he came to San Jose, where, in partnership with Dr.. Breyfogle, he has since carried on his professional work. This partnership, which had been arranged previous to Dr. Pierce's departure from Massachusetts, was continued until the pressure of other duties compelled Dr. Brey- fogle to retire from the active calls of his profession. Since that time Dr. Pierce has successfully conducted the united practice. His parents were Robert and Fannie L. (Brittain) Pierce. His father was born in Ruthin, Derbyshire, Wales, in 1832; his mother in the same year, in St. John, New Brunswick. Dr. Pierce has three brothers, the elder a manufacturer, and the other two merchants, of Boston. His father was for thirty years a leading dry-goods merchant of Boston. He died in 1887. His mother is still alive and is living at Melrose, Massachusetts. Dr. Pierce married Miss Fannie M. Parker, of Newton ville, Massachusetts, in 1880. They have no children. He has been interested in fruit lands, but now devotes his time exclusively to the practice of his profession, in the ranks of which he has risen to a high standard, and is regarded as a sound and able practitioner. Dr. Pierce is a consistent Republican, and believes in the full protection of American interests. He is a public-spirited and highly esteemed citizen, learned in his profession and of wide experience. -^^-@^>^g)-^^^ MmR. ALBERT M. BARKER, formerly of the firm of Gunckel & Barker, dentists, at No. 17 South First Street, San Jose, was born in Wal- worth County, Wisconsin, in 1859, and when one year old his father removed to Dodge County, Minne- sota. He attended the local schools and worked on his father's farm until 1875, when he came to Califor- nia, and settled in San Jose, where for three years he attended the University of the Pacific. At the end of that time he began the study of dentistry with Dr. Gunckel, with whom he was associated as pupil for three years, when he became a partner in the business, which they conducted for seven years, or until January I, 1888, when he purchased Dr. Gunckel's interest, and has since continued the business alone. He was married, in 1884, to Miss Minnie Wing, a native of Peoria, Illinois. He has a vineyard of forty acres (interested with J. B. Wing) on the Saratoga and Mountain View road, about eight miles from San Jose, all set out to wine grapes, and in bearing since 1887. He has devoted himself exclusively and continuously to his business profession and built up a large practice solely by his own exertions. His parents were Silas and Mary (Collins) Barker, both natives of Potsdam, New York. L. BRADLEY, who came to California in 1850, from his native State, New York, became in- terested in mining and water-ditches in Placer County, remaining there until 1873, when he came to Santa Clara Valley and purchased 220 acres on the Stevens Creek road. This he cultivated, partly in grain for thoroughbred stock, planting sixty acres in fruit-trees, thirty of which are French prunes, ten Orriy/i <^^,;/^^^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. .369 in almonds, ten in apricots, and ten in cherries and plums. This orchard is in partial bearing. Mr. Brad- ley's live stock was thoroughbred Durham and Short- horns. Mr. Bradley was fully identified with the interests and development of Santa Clara County, being one of the original stockholders and directors of the First National Bank of San Jose; a life-member of the Santa Clara County Agricultural Association; a promi- nent member of the Masonic Order, and a broad- gauge man generally in matters of public interest. He served a term as State Senator for the Senatorial District in which Placer County is situated. He also took a very active part in the development of the stage road from Sacramento City to Carson City, Nevada, which preceded the building of the Central Pacific Railroad, and was interested in the railroad which followed, and, as fast as it was completed, took the place of the stage road. He sold out his interests in 1873, to his associates, Stanford, Hopkins, Crocker, etc. He was married to Miss Mary Reed, a native of New York, and to this union were born nine children, all but the two youngest dying in infancy and early youth. He died in 1880, his wife in 1885, and both are buried with their children, in Oak Hill Cemetery, near San Jose. The business of stock-raising and fruit-culture, es- tablished by Mr. Bradley, is continued by his children, under the supervision of E. C. Flagg, who was mar- ried to Miss Lenora Bradley, the eldest living child of Mr. Bradley, on November 15, 1882. ^j||HE REV. ORRIN CRITTENDEN. The sub- =P ject of this sketch, an honored citizen of Santa Clara County, well known in religious circles throughout the State, was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, February 3, 18 14. In the schools of the old "Bay State" he received such an education as was common to the New England boy of not wealthy parentage in those years. Studi- ous and earnest, he made the best of his limited opportunities, and all his life he has been quite a student. Possessed of an inquiring mind, vigorous intellect, and retentive memory, he has been enabled to overcome the disadvantages arising from a lack of a liberal education in his youthful days. When twenty-two years of age, like so many of the best New England stock, the subject of our sketch 47 went westward, and in the State of Illinois lived from the autumn of 1836 until 1852, — the larger part of the time being spent in Calhoun County. In early man- hood he was converted to the cause of Christ, and in 1847 was ordained in the ministry of the Missionary Baptist Church. Entering zealously into the work of winning souls, he labored faithfully in the Ma.ster's vineyard, until, in 1852, he closed his labors in Illi- nois, and crossed the plains and mountains to this sunny land. In February, 1853, he made a claim of the land in Fremont Township, upon which he has ever since resided. His homestead, which contains 160 acres, is one and a half miles from New Mountain View, near the road leading to the bay. When he located his land, Mr. Crittenden intended to improve a homestead, upon which his family could live, and by the income of which they could be maintained. As for himself, he looked forward joyously to a life devoted to preaching the gospel without price, — a life of missionary work. Those plans have never fully "materialized," on account of circumstances entirely beyond his control. During his early residence in the county, Mr. Crittenden devoted two years to mis- sionary work, entirely at his own expense. A part of this work was the organization of a church of forty members at San Juan. Two more years he acted as colporteur for the Philadelphia Baptist Publication Society, in connection with his missionary work, and for this labor he received some pecuniary aid. As his land became valuable, claimants under Mexi- can grants appeared, and endeavored to gain posses- sion of his homestead, as well as of those of other settlers in his neighborhood. This contest, passing through the local courts, was decided at the end of eight years in the Supreme Court at Washington, in his favor. Naturally, this litigation absorbed all his time and income for years. Notwithstanding these obstacles, Mr. Crittenden has devoted much of his time to the spreading of the " glad tidings of great joy which shall be to all people." When not regularly established over any church, he has ever been ready to respond to all calls, which could, consistently with his duty to his family, be heeded. At the camp-meeting north of Healdsburg, on Russian River, he assisted in the conversion of forty souls. In connection with the Cumberland Presbyterian ministry in the San Ramon Valley, he participated in a series of revival meetings, where grand results were achieved. This is, perhaps, not the place for a detailed history of his ministerial work, neither can space be given to detail ; but suffice it to say that what he could do has been well and PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." cheerfully done. As a helper' to all, without regard to creed, no man has been found more ready, even at the sacrifice of personal interests, to respond to all calls, than he. He is a man of strong religious feel- ing, and one who counts nothing as gain, unless it tends to God's glory. Though well past the three- score years and ten allotted to man, and not possessed of robust health, he is filled with an ambition for the carrying on of the Master's work that many a young man might envy, and will devote the few years left to him to preaching the gospel, and to that auxiliary work, — temperance. He is an ardent advocate not only of temperance, but also of prohibition. Cleared from financial trouble, he is now free to give his at- tention to his chosen work. Mr. Crittenden has experienced more than the usual trials of the pioneer, for he had hardly recovered from the effect of the litigation for the possession of his home, when an overflow of Stevens Creek swept over his farm, and did damage that years of toil, with his diminished income, no more than repaired. This hap- pened in January, 1880, and in July of the same year his fine family residence, with its furniture, and a library which he had spent forty years in collecting, was de- stroyed by fire ! These losses created an indebted- ness of $7,000, which it took years of industry and economy to liquidate. The original entry of 160 acres is still retained by the family, and perhaps no better land can be found in the county. A fine orchard for home use furnishes almost every variety of deciduous fruit. At the present writing the farm is devoted almost entirely to the production of hay, which it yields bountifully. A large expenditure has been made to prevent the recurrence of the disastrous flooding of 1880. Of Mr. Crittenden's family we record that he mar- ried Virginia CaroHne Smith, a native of St. Clair County, Illinois, October 4, 1870. She was a widow, and the mother of two children, Albert and Olive, who took the name of their stepfather. Olive died April 22, 1873. By the second marriage there have been three children; Elmer Orrin, who died April 10, 1888, in his eighteenth year; a daughter, that died in infancy; and George, a promising lad, now fourteen years of age. He is his father's assistant in the man- agement of the farm, and has been carefully reared and educated, with the expectation of taking a col- legiate course, should his health permit. The death of Elmer was a specially severe loss to his parents. He had been trained and educated with great care, and was a bright, studious youth, a loving son, and the pride of his parents. He was beloved by all who knew him, and his death was felt to be a common bereavement. He had the faith of the Christian, and was a devoted member of the Missionary Baptist Church. His loss was a very hard blow for the family, but was borne with the Christian fortitude which had sustained them through many trials less severe. Albert Crittenden married Miss Alice Williams. They are well settled in life, having their home not far from Mayfield. HOMAS VANCE, Captain of the Nightwatch of the Police Force of San Jose, is at present (1888) the veteran of the force, having joined it in June, 1872. Pie was born near Jackson, Ten- nessee, in 1826. His parents having died during his early childhood, he was brought up by an uncle, Thomas McKnight, who removed to Mississippi when Thomas Vance was about thirteen years of age. He I'emained there until about eighteen years old, work- ing on his uncle's farm and attending school, when the opportunity offered. At that age he went to New Orleans, and after remaining there four months he joined, early in May, 1846, the Second Louisiana In- fantry, commanded by Colonel I. N. Marks. They proceeded to Point Isabel, on the Rio Grande, and marched up to where Brownsville now is. The com- mand remained on the Rio Grande while the Mexican War lasted, when they returned to New Orleans. On being mustered out he returned to Tennessee, where he again devoted himself to farming until i860, when he came to California, settling immediately in the foot-hills, near Los Gatos, in Santa Clara County. Here he engaged in teaming and lumbering until 1870, when he came to San Jose, becoming Deputy Sheriff under N. R. Harris, then Sheriff of the county. He remained in that position two years, at the expira- tion of which time he joined the police force, with which he has been connected ever since, working his way up from patrolman to his present position. The fact that Captain Vance has been re-elected each year by the Mayor and Common Council is full evidence of his valuable and faithful service during that time. He was married in December, 1849, to Miss Sophia Jane Smith, of Jackson, Tennessee. They have three children: Laura E., wife of Thomas Beck, of Berry- essa; Mary A., wife of T. J. Rivers, of Los Angeles; Jessie S., engaged in teaching in Los Angeles County. Captain Vance has an orchard of four acres, planted BIOORAPinCAL SKETCHES. 371 in prunes and apricots, just coming into bearing. He is a member of the American Legion of Honor, and also a member of the Mexican War Veterans' Asso- ciation, and pensioner of that war. Hewitt C. vestal. This gentleman, who is one of the successful pioneer horticulturists of Santa Clara County, owns sixty-five acres of valuable land fronting on Twelfth and Rosa Streets, in San Jose. This tract is now platted and subdivided, and the map is on record. About fifty acres of the land is in fruit, viz.: 2,000 apricots, 800 cherries, 800 egg plums, and 300 peach-trees, practi- cally all in bearing. In 1887 there were produced from this orchard 250 tons of apricots, 15 tons of cherries, 1 5 tons of egg plums, and J tons of peaches. Mr. Vestal was born in Yadkin County, North Carolina, in 1836. His parents, Asa and Elizabeth (De Jarnatt) Vestal, were natives of North Carolina, his father's ancestors, Quakers, having come over from England with William Penn, settling in what is now Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where one branch of the family still owns and occupies the origi- nal house. His mother's ancestors were French Hu- guenots. Mr. Vestal's father, who was a wagon and carriage manufacturer, removed, in 1839, to Jackson County, Missouri, following his trade in connection with farming. In 1849 he sold out and crossed the plains to California by the usual means of transpor- tation — the ox team. The company was about six months on the way, starting on the first day of May, and reaching the Sacramento Valley the twenty-ninth of October, 1849. Mr. Vestal and his father left the family and went to the Feather River, where they engaged in mining, in which operations they were quite successful. They started, in May, 1850, for the Santa Clara Valley, and after encountering some de- lays on' account of high waters in the San Joaquin River, finally settled in the spot where Mr. Vestal now lives, paying $100 an acre for about ten acres. The father bought, later, seventeen acres more than half of the 500-acre lot, No. i S, which, of course, contained much less than 500 acres, at $20 an acre. Both parents died within three weeks of each other, the mother in December, 1883, the father in January, 1884, and both near the age of eighty-three years. In 1854 Mr. Vestal entered the University of the Pacific, a member of the first class organized in that now famous institution, and was a member of the class when it graduated in 1858 — the first class to graduate in California. He then commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. J. Spencer, of San Jose; but in 1861, at the firing on Fort Sumter, he gave up his studies and helped to raise two companies of infantry, under Colonel, afterwards Major-General, Carleton. They enlisted under the promise from Sec- retary Stanton that they would be transferred to the Potomac, but instead were sent to Arizona. Mr. Vestal was engaged, with his command, until 1863, in fighting Indians and protecting the route to Califor- nia from the depredations of Texas Confederates. He was then compelled to resign on account of dis- ability incurred in service, and did not regain his health until 1870. Meanwhile, he was appointed ap- praiser of public lands by the Council of San Jose, attending to this office until 1869, since which time he has devoted himself to fruit-growing. From 1867 to 1876 he was a member of the Common Council of San Jose. In 1873 Mr. Vestal was married to Miss Sallie I. Hall, a native of Texas, her parents having removed from North Carolina to Texas, and in 1853 to Cali- fornia. There are of this union eight children: Hall, Clinton, Bruce, Laura I., Valona, Maxwell, Marian, and Marguerite. Mr. Vestal is a member of the I. O. O. F., being the first member initiated in Garden City Lodge, No. 142; was also the first initiated in San Jose En- campment. He is also a member of Phil Sheridan Post, No. 7, G. A. R., San Jose; is a Republican in politics, having cast his first vote for Lincoln in i860; believes in the protection of American industries, and is a member of the National, State, and County Hor- ticultural Societies. if =ENRY REINHARDT, deceased, one of the early settlers of the Hamilton District, was born (2)f in Mulhausen, Province of Alsace, Germany, July, 1 818. In his native land, in 1844, he married Miss Rosalie Weiss, who was born in the same prov- ince in 1822. Mr. Reinhardt was reared to a farm life in Germany. In 1849 he visited the United States, spending some time in New York city and Albany, but not finding an opening to suit him he re- turned to the old country after a few months. There he was engaged in dairying and farming until 1857, when, with his wife and six children, he embarked for America, landing at New York city. After spending 372 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' three months in Philadelphia they came by way of the Isthmus to San Francisco, reaching that place in the autumn of the same year. Two years, as a renter, he occupied the family homestead where he lived so long, his crop of grain raised in 1859 paying in full for the land which he bought in i860. The 160 acres (the homestead) fronts on the Santa Clara and Los Gatos road, three miles south of Santa Clara. All the improvements on the place were made by Mr. Reinhardt. He was a systematic, frugal, and ener- getic man, living a most worthy life, respected and esteemed by all who knew him. He was at the time of his death a member of the German Methodist Church. He died December i, 1883. His widow now resides at No. 78 South Third Street, San Jose. She is the mother of sixteen children, six of whom are living: Mrs. Lena Munch, Santa Clara; Emile, a resident of Salinas City, Monterey County; Otto A., who resides upon the old homestead; Mrs. Emma De- Witt, of San Jose; Mrs. Matilda Fruhling, of San Jose; Martha F. lives with her mother. Mrs. Rein- hardt owns a number of residences and other city property in San Jose. fOUIS S. CAVALLARO. It is usually the case that some few men engage in the different T departments of manufacture. The result is seen in the increase of their buhiness and the popu- larity of the products turned out. To illustrate this, may be cited the name of Mr. L. S. Cavallaro, man- ufacturer of, and dealer in, fine Havana cigars, to- bacco, pipes, etc., at No. 38 North First Street. He has been a resident of San Jose since 1873, has been in business since 1878, and in his present location since .1884. He makes a specialty of fine hand-made goods, employing only the best white labor and watch- ing the product most closely to keep it up to standard. He imports his Havana tobacco direct from Cuba, via New York, and in some brands uses a Connecti- cut fuller with a Havana seed-wrapper. The " Vol- cano" is his best brand, a straight Havana cigar of great merit. It has met with popular approval, and he uses only the best material, put together by the most skillful workmen, employing in all seven men. The mai'ket is largely in this county, although there are an increasing number of customers in the sur- rounding counties. Mr. Cavallaro manufactured 200,- 000 cigars in 1887, and will probably make a quarter of a million in 1888, judging by the trade at the time of writing. He does his own traveling, and always comes up to or goes beyond representation. Mr. Cavallaro is a native of Italy, born in 1856, and came to New York in 1870. There he learned the cigar business in a factory on Pearl Street, which was operated by Cubans, and from them he learned the popular Cuban methods of preparing the tobacco and finishing the cigar. In 1873 he came to San Jose and has resided here since. He was married, in 1880, to Miss Mary Augusta Hoon, of this city. They have two children, Domenico and Genevieve C. His residence is at No. 48 North Sixth Street, built by him in 1888. He is a member of San Jose I -odge. No. 34, 1. 0. O. F. ; of San Jose Camp, No. 9, Patriarchs Militant; is a member and Treas- urer of the Druids; is a member of the Italian Be- nevolent Society; is a Lieutenant of the San Jose Hussars ; and a member of Triumph Lodge, No. 40 (Uniform Rank), Knights of Pythias. Mr. Cavallaro is a worthy example of our citizens of foi'eign parent- age, a true American in sentiment and feelings, and one who does honor to the chosen land of his adop- tion. Coming here with no inherited wealth except a stout heart, a clear head and trained hands, he has gradually forced his way to the front. Liberal in his dealings, and public-spirited in all beneficial causes, he has by attention to business and strict integrity built up a trade which is rapidly increasing. )R. A. A. GASTON. This gentleman has forty- one acres at Campbell's Station, which he pur- chased in December, 1883. Up to that time it had been cultivated to grain, but the following spring the Doctor planted it to prune trees, thirty-six acres in French and the rest in Silver prunes. Mrs. Gaston owns five acres in the Willows, on Washington Avenue, between Pine and Minnesota Avenues. This choice tract is planted to prunes, cherries, and apri- cots. Dr. Gaston is a native of Troy, Pike County, Ala- bama, where he was born in 1849. His parents, Hon. Henry A. and Josephine (Battin) Gaston, were na- tives of New York State. His father was liberally educated in Ohio, and went from there to Troy, Ala- bama, where for seven years he was Principal of an academy. During this time he studied law and was then admitted to the bar, and in 1854 became to Cal- ifornia, locating in Sierra County, whence he was sent to the Legislature the next year. In 1861 he organ- BIOGRA FUICAL SKETCHES. 373 ized the Union party in this State. In 1872 he changed his residence to the State of Nevada and represented his district in the Legislature there, be- ing elected Speaker of the House in 1879. He was the author of " The Ready Lawyer," " The Little Lawyer," and other well-known works of literature. The family are of French descent. Their paternal ancestor, Adolph Gaston, was a refugee from France during the persecution of the Huguenots, and later members of his family emigrated to America, of which branch the subject of this sketch, who is a cousin of ex-Governor Gaston, of Massachusetts, is a descendant. The Doctor's mother was a cousin of the wife of President Tyler. Dr. Gaston came with his mother and sister to California, by the Panama route, in January, 1857, to join his father, who was already a resident of this State and closely allied with its po- litical history. After completing a course of study in the Gates Institute, Dr. Gaston studied dentistry, and, having successfully passed a thorough examination, received from the State Dental Board a certificate to practice in this State, which he has done for a number of years. He is a member of Friendship Lodge, No. 47, of San Jose Knights of Pythias, and of Mt. Hamilton Lodge, A. O. U. W., of San Jose. The Doctor is a man of warm feelings, and is genial in his intercourse with friends; he possesses a fine intellect and brilliant con- versational powers. iUDOLPH B. SPENCE, land owner and ag- riculturist in Monterey County, was born in "^r Monterey, California, in 1857. He attended school in Monterey up to the age of thirteen years, when he commenced a course in the Santa Clara College, remaining there till ninet en years of age. At that time he became engaged in the office of his uncle, Mr. M. Malarin, President of the Safe Deposit Bank of Santa Clara, where he remained one year, when he left to take charge of the estate left by his ' father and grandfather, which he man- aged until all the members of the family became of age. He now attends to his own and his sister's (Miss Arcadia Spence) interest. He was married in January, 1886, to Miss Mamie Sullivan, a native of California, who was born in San Francisco in 1862. Her parents were John and Ada E. (Kenna) Sullivan. Her father, one of the pioneers of 1844, came to California with the Murphy party in that year, he having known that family in Canada, and later in Missouri. Mr. Sullivan was successively a storekeeper, real-estate owner, and capitalist, having been the founder and president of the Hibernia Bank of San Francisco. He was a man of upright char- acter and well known for his abundant chanties. He died in 1882, at the age of 58 years. One of his sons is the Hon. Frank J. Sullivan, member of Congress from the Fifth Congressional District. Mrs. Ada E. Sullivan was a native of Brandon, Mississippi, arriv- ing in California with her parents during the '50's. Her father, Capt. Ramsbottom Kenna, was at one time the owner of a line of packets running between Charleston and other Southern ports on the Atlantic Coast. He died soon after arriving in California. Mr. Spence's parents were David S. and Refugio (Malarin) Spence; His grandfather was David Spence, a native of Scotland and member of a prom- inent old Scottish family; who, after being in business in Callao, Peru, for two years, came to California in 1824 and settled in Monterey, where he lived forever fifty years, engaged in buying and selling the products of the country and shipping them to Europe. He was appointed Alcalde of Monterey by Governor Argiiello, whose niece, Adelaida Estrada, daughter of Mariano Estrada, the commander of the Mexican forces in California, he married in 1829. There was born to this union one child, David Stewart Spence, the father of the subject of this sketch. David S. was married in 1856 to Miss Malarin, and to them were born six children, two of whom, Ellen and Amelia, died in early childhood. The four living children are: Rudolph B., Albert Alexander, David J., and Arcadia J. The grandfather of these children died in 1875, aged Jj years, and for more than fifty years was a prominent citizen of Monterey County. He left a large estate, of which he bequeathed liber- ally to various churches and charitable institutions, and to several friends and relatives, besides leaving an ample foi'tune to his grandchildren. Mr. Rudolph Spence is engaged in stock-raising to a certain ex- tent, but the most of his lands are rented. He has 3,000 acres in Monterey County, of which about two- thirds is farming land and the remainder adapted to fruit and stock-raising. Mr. Spence has a magnifi- cent residence on the Alameda near Fremont Avenue, between San Jose and Santa Clara, each of his brothers having also handsome homes adjoining him. Bancroft, in his "History of the Pacific States," vol- ume 19, page 526, says : "Among new-comers the most prominent was David Spence, the Scotchman, PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." who arrived on the Pisarro to take charge of the meat-packing establishment of Begg & Co., and who became a leading and wealthy citizen." In the fifth volume of the " Pioneers' Register and Index " the fol- lowing account appears: "David Spence arrived in 1824, a native of Scotland, who had lived a few years at Lima and came to California in the Pizarro to su- perintend the meat-packing establishment of Begg & Co., at Monterey." In 1827 he started in business for himself, and was prosperous from the beginning, being cautious, close, and energetic. His name often appears in the record of each year. In 1829 he married Adelaida, daugh- ter of Mariano Estrada, taking an active part in the protection of Monterey during the Soils revolt. He was naturalized in 1830. In 1834-39 he was grantee of Encinal y Buena Esperanza R'ancho, of which he was claimant and permanent owner. In 1835 he was appointed Alcalde. In 1836 he was a member of the Deputacion, and in this and the following year was secretly a supporter of Alvarado's government, choos- ing not to act openly as a member of the Congress, yet exerting quietly much influence in municipal and legislative matters. He was elected juez de pas in 1839 and 1840, furnishing information to Laplace, giving Sutter a letter of introduction, and doubtless favoring the exile Graham and his vagabonds. In 1843-45 he was a member of the Junta Department; in 1845, in command of the foreign guard to protect Monterey during the Micheltoreno troubles, being also appointed Prefect by Governor Pico, but appar- ently declining the office. In 1846, though popularly believed to have intrigued for an English Protectorate, he was regarded by Larkin as friendly to the United States ; vi'as a member of the Council after the change of flag, and of the Legislative Council in 1847. He subsequently served as Prefect in 1849-50, and as County Supervisor in 1858-60. About 1848 he gave up his mercantile enterprises and devoted himself chiefly to the care of his estate and the raising of live- stock. In 1873 he furnished some brief historical notes, and died in 1875, at the age of seventy-seven years. Don David had an excellent reputation among the pioneers of California, few exerting so wide and extensive an influence. While not exactly popular, by reason of his conservatism, obstinate as any of his race, and making enemies as well as friends, he yet merited and received the respect of all classes. His wife survived him but a month, and his only son, David, born in 1830 and educated in Hono- lulu, died in 1868, leaving three sons and a daughter, who inherited their grandfather's estate. He was the first Alcalde to keep a record of the dividing and ownership of lots in Monterey when it was changed from a presidio to a pueblo. '^! iTOLFRED R. TOMKIN, druggist, was born in ^ys Witham, Essex County, England, June 7, 1826. He is a son of Dr. Thomas M. Tomkin, a graduate of the College of Physicians and Sur- geons, in London, England. During his life-time he practiced medicine, and instituted a private lunatic asylum, besides being much engaged in medical lit- erature, writing for the Lancet and other medical jour- nals. He died in 1858, and his son, Dr. Thomas M. Tomkin, Jr., succeeded him in his practice and in the management of the asylum. The mother of the gentleman of whom we write was a Miss Eleanor Royce, a native of Essex County, and married Dr. Tomkin early in the present century. She died in 1868. The subject of this sketch attended the Merchant Tailors' school, then in Suffolk Street, at London, for seven or eight years, passing the usual examinations. On the thirteenth of March, 1849, he embarked in the St. George., and bade farewell to friends and coun- try, and turned his face toward the Golden West. He sailed around the Horn, and came direct from En- gland to California, the trip occupying seven months, one of which was spent in Valparaiso. He reached San Francisco on October 13, and, storing his goods he had brought with him, like all new-comers at that time, started immediately for the mines. After digging a little gold at Mud Springs, he was taken sick, and returned to San Francisco, only to find that his goods had been destroyed by fire, leaving him ab- solutely without means. But he afterward received a remittance from England, and, relying upon his knowledge of medicine to aid him, he opened a drug store in Santa Clara in 1854. He remained there sixteen years, and then removed to San Jose, where he has since resided. In 1887 he was elected Coro- ner and Public Administrator of Santa Clara County, which office he still holds. In 1858 he was united in marriage to Miss Martha F. Forbes, the eldest daughter of James Alexander Forbes, who came to this country from Edinburgh, Scotland, in an early day, and was British Consul during the Mexican occupancy of California, before it was ceded to the United States. Mrs. Tomkin BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 375 died in 1875. Dr. Tomkin has seven living children: Alfred F,, engaged in farming in this county; Charles H., a silk manufacturer; Eleanor F., wife of Thomas Roots, a nurseryman of San Jose; Thomas, a painter by trade; Anna M., who resides with her father; Martha and Clara B., also living at home and attend- ing school in San Jose. ^^ igANIEL J. PORTER, of the firm of D. J. Por- ter & Son, No. 83 South First Street, San Jose, was born in Stony Brook Harbor, Long Island, New York, in 1828. In 1833 his parents removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father died in 1839, leav- ing a large family of children. From that time it may be said he battled his own way in life, first finding a home in Central Ohio, with a tanner, and later on a farm. There he had the advantages usual in the West at that time, of three months' schooling each year, which indeed was his only opportunity of edu- cation. At the age of eighteen years he engaged as an apprentice to the wagon-maker's trade. In 1850 he removed to Rahway, New Jersey, where he com- pleted learning his trade in the carriage shop of his half-brother, S. C. Tooker. In 1851 he went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he worked at his trade for several months, returning in January, 1852, to Cincinnati, where he remained until April, when he started across the plains, undecided as to whether he would go to Oregon or California. At the Big Sandy Creek, Utah Territory, the party took a vote to de- termine whether they would take the road to Oregon or to California. The vote was in favor of the latter road. They came through Johnson's cut-off, passing Hangtown (now Placerville) about August 20, 1852. His party arrived at Sacramento, where they rested a few days and then sold their outfit and disbanded. Through the representations of a Mormon, they met at Sacramento Mr. Porter, and one of his party came on td Santa Clara Valley, leaving his brother David in Sacramento. He arrived in San Jose Sep- tember I, 1852, and at once went to work at his trade of wagon-making. In November he and H. J. Has- kell, who came across the plains with him, opened a shop for themselves. They bought the property where Mr. Porter's office now is, and conducted their business until 1867. In that year they built the block now on that site called the "Gray Eagle Building," in which Mr. Porter has owned an interest since that time. He conducted a livery stable in the building until 1869, when he sold it and entered into the insurance business, adding the real-estate business to it a few years afterward. Mr. Porter has an orchard of five acres on the Alum Rock road four miles from San Jose, planted to French prunes, just coming into bear- ing. He was a member of the City Council for six years (1862-68), having been elected three times. He made special efforts to save the reservations to the city now embodied in Alum Rock Park, the Normal School site, and the site of the City Hall. There had been a determined effort on the part of individuals to get illegal possession of these lands, and only by determined opposition by the City Coun- cil were they prevented from so doing — thus saving to the people of San Jose these valuable properties. Without this fight the city would have received less than $250 for the Alum Rock reservation, which is now worth fully $50,000. Mr. Porter was married in 1855 to Miss Caroline McKee, a native of Connecticut. Seven children were born to this marriage, of whom five died in infancy or early childhood. Two are now living: Daniel A., engaged in business with his father, and Adelia, still residing at her father's home. He is a member of Friendship Lodge, No. 210, F. & A. M., San Jose, and of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F. He is a Republican and believes in the fullest protection to American industries, and in protecting American labor by prohibiting the free importation of pauper labor. He has been actively interested in the development of the interests of San Jose on the best and broadest basis. ^R. A. C. HIRST. The President of the TTniyer- sity of the Pacific, San Jose, A. C. Hirst, D. D., was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 15, 1839. He was for a number of years a pupil in the schools of that city, but finished his collegiate educa- tion at Hanover College, Indiana, in 1859, graduating in that year with honor. He was elected at once Adjunct Professor of Latin and Greek in Stewart College, Clarksville, Tennessee. His first position afterward was that of Associate Principal of Sayre Female Institute, Lexington, Kentucky, which he re- signed to accept a professorship in Transylvania University. For five years he was Superintendent of Public Schools at fronton, Ohio, and in 1870 became Professor of the Latin Language and Literature in the State University at Athens, Ohio. He quitted his professional duties to engage in active ministerial 370 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." work in connection with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and served the leading churches at Marietta, Washingtooj Chillicothe, Columbus, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, being Pastor for one term of Christ Church in the latter city. He was also for one year Principal of the public schools at Washington Court Plouse, Ohio, after he entered the ministry. In 1887 Dr. Hirst was Pastor of Trinity Church, Cincinnati, when he was requested to assume the duties of President of the University of the Pacific. Finally yielding to the most pressing invita- tions, and the manifest call and necessity of the oc- casion, Dr. Hirst consented to accept the position. He resigned his pastorate in Cincinnati, and arrived here, as was stated, in August, 1887, at once entering upon his duties, following in this position Dr. C. C. Stratton, the eminent educator, who resigned in or- der to undertake the presidency of Mills College. It will thus be seen that Dr. Hirst fills his labori- ous and responsible position as President of a great university, with a mind well-stored with knowledge drawn from practical experience in the higher walks of educational effort, and with a culture enriched and enlarged from the direct and personal advantages gained by an itinerant minister, of all of which oppor- tunities he has made excellent use in the storing and maturing of information and experience. The Univer- sity has felt the effect already of his energy and tact, and displays at once a highly gratifying and success- ful advance. Dr. Hirst enjoys a high rank among theologians and pulpit orators, and his advent to this coast marks another period in the progress of educa- tional development in California. jgHARLES P. OWEN, Recorder and Auditor of ^ Santa Clara County, was born in Port Byron, (2)1= New York, in 1858. His father, J. J. Owen, was a native of Cayuga County, New York, and an eminent agriculturist of that State, having twice rep- resented his district in the State Legislature. In 1851 he came out to California, and for two years was mes- senger for the Gregory Express Comijany, on the Sacramento River. In 1853 he returned to New York State, where he stayed until the fall of 1861, when he once more came to California, bringing out his family in the following year. He at once estab- lished the San Jose Mercury, and conducted it continuously until three years ago, when he sold out to Mr. C M. Shortridge, the present proprie- tor. He is now conducting the Golden Gate news- paper in San Francisco. He represented Santa Clara County in the State Legislature during the sessions of 1862 and 1863, holding the responsible office of Speaker during one term, and being always an active and consistent Republican. From the time of mak- ing San Jose his home he took an active part in all public works of general benefit, interesting himself especially in the lighting of the city by electricity. He was President and founder of the Electric Light Works in San Jose, and erected the splendid electric tower that spans the intersection of Market and Santa Clara Streets. On the formation of the company into a stock association this was purchased jointly by them and the city. He is still a stockholder in the company. Mr. Owen's mother was Kate Paddack, a native of New York State. She died in San Jose, in 1884. There are four daughters and two sons, the result of this union. Of these, Clifford, the eldest, is now and has been for twenty years connected with the San Jose Mercury. Mr. C. P. Owen was the fourth child. He attended the public schools of San Jose, graduating in 1877. He went at once into the Mercury office as cashier and collector, a position he held until December, 1881. Occasionally he worked at the case, becoming an ex- pert compositor, and also doing some editorial work. In January, 1882, he accepted a position in the State printing office at Sacramento, under Governor Per- kins, remaining until September, 1883. He then returned to San Jose and took up his former position, which he retained until January, 1885. At that time he became Deputy County Clerk and Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, filling this post until January I, 1887, when he was elected by a large majority to the office of County Recorder and Auditor, a position which he holds with the greatest satisfaction to the people, as he has shown himself a painstaking and efficient officer. In 1881 he married Miss Mary Conmy, a native of Trinity County, California, her parents having come to this State in the early days of its settlement, locating in Shasta County, and removing thence to San Jose in 1868. During the first three years of his residence here Mr. Conmy was a partner of Mr. Owen, and later opened the job-printing business, which he still carries on. Mr. and Mrs. Owen have four children. They are: Charles H., born in Decem- ber, 1882; Katie, born in July, 1884; Alfred, born October, 1885; and Francis, born November, 1887. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 377 Mr. Owen is Commander of the American Legion of Honor, an officer of Enterprise Lodge, No. 17, A. O. U. W., and a member of the San Jose Turnverein, in all of which orders he is in good and honorable stand- ing. Mr. Owen is a Republican in politics, believing fully in the protection of American industries. He is opposed to the further importation of the Chinese element, seeing clearly its evils, and desiring the best development of American citizenship. ->^^>§H^ §EWIS A. SAGE was born in New York city, June 17, 1848, and came to California with his T mother when about four years of age, arriving here in the spring of 1852, his father having preceded them. He was educated in the public schools of San Francisco and at Santa Clara College, where he grad- uated in 1867. He then went to Virginia City, Nevada, and engaged in the assaying business. In 1868, after a residence there of seven months, he was obliged to return to California on account of his health, and located in San Francisco, where he engaged in the street contracting business for about two years. He then went into the manufacture of artificial stone under the Ransome patent, and was thus engaged for two years. He then came to his present place, where he has since resided. He was married in 1876 to Cloelia Lewis, a native of Charleston, South Carolina, and has three children, all sons. )ROF. JOHN W. BRILL, Principal of the Com- mercial Department of the University of the Pacific, was born in Ottawa, Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada, in 1865. He received his edu- cation principally in Albert College, in the city of Belleville, Ontario, graduating there in 1886, having previously attended the Napanee Model School, Len- nox County, Ontario. He commenced teaching in the public schools in Leeds County, Ontario, in 1885, continuing in that work for one year, when, his health failing, he gave up teaching and devoted some time to its recuperation, finally taking a position as head bookkeeper in J. M. Clark's hardware store at Smith's Falls, Ontario. The extremes of the Canadian cli- mate being found too rigorous for his constitution, he came to California, in December, 1887, receiving his appointment to the position he now occupies early in 48 January, 1888. Under his supervision the Commer- cial Department of the University is in a very pros- perous condition, having at this time a much larger attendance than ever before, and the prospects are excellent for a large increase in the classes. Much care is taken to develop in the minds of the students a careful analysis of the work they' perform. An actual business department has been organized which conveys the pupil through the practical routine of a business establishment. His parents were the Rev. David and Mary (Pake) Brill, the former for the past twenty-seven years an active member of the Methodist Conference of Ontario, who has lately come to Cali- fornia, and intends to remain. .^ICHARD E COLLINS, druggist, at No. 166 South First Street, San Jose, was born in Chat- ham, Massachusetts, in 1844. He attended the public schools of his native town till thirteen years of age, when his family removed to Boston, where he worked in the printing office of J. E. Farwell & Co. five years. The war commencing at this time, Mr. Collins became attached to the Quartermaster's De- partment of the army, with Capt. William Wilson acting Quartermaster of the Southern Division of the Mississippi, with headquarters at Nashville, Tennessee. There he remained till the capture of Richmond and the close of the war, when he was discharged from the service and returned to Boston. Shortly after his re- turn home he went to sea, and followed that occupa- tion for three years. In 1869-70 he was employed by the American Watch Company of Waltham, Massa- chusetts. In the latter year he began to learn the drug business in Boston, in which trade he continued until 1875; then he moved to California, locating in San Francisco, where he remained a year. In April, 1876, he moved to San Jose and established the business he now carries on, and to which he has devoted his ex- clusive attention. Having great confidence in Santa Clara County as a fruit-growing section, Mr. Collins, in 1883, purchased a ranch of twenty acres, six miles from San Jose, on the road to San Francisco, and the same year planted ten acres to fruit-trees, of which 700 were apricots and 300 peaches. The following year he planted 1,000 prunes and 350 cherries. This orchard paid handsomely in 1887, the yield from 650 apricot trees being seventeen tons, and from 300 peach-trees over twelve tons. Mr. Collins was married, in 1866, to Miss Jennie 378 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Wilson, a native of Lowell, Massachusetts. To them have been born two sons: Richard E., Jr., engaged in business with his father, and Albert, who is manag- ing the ranch. Mr. Collins is a member of the Masonic Order and Knights Templar. He is also a member and Treasurer of Mt. Hamilton Lodge, No. 43, A. O. U. W., and for eighteen months was a mem- ber of the Board of Education of San Jose. He is a Democrat, and in favor of a modification of the tariff. His parents were Richard H. and Mary (Taylor) Col- lins, both natives of New England. His mother died in 1848, and his father still lives in Boston. pAPT. HENRY M. BENSON. The life of a man is not counted by the number of years he lives, but rather by the events c^f that life, and still more largely by the character of those events. Captain Benson, U. S. A., on the retired list, and late Major of the Fourth Infantry Regiment, California Volunteers, has been a resident of this State since 1850. He was born in 1838, in old Frankfin, Mis- souri, a town once opposite Booneville, Missouri, but since washed away. His parents were Dr. James Hord and Ruth P. (Switzler) Benson, his father a Kentuckian and his mother a Virginian. His father died in 1849, and in the following year Captain Ben- son came to California with his mother and uncle, his mother marrying Col. Henry P. Watkins, a nephew of Henry Clay, in 1853, in San Francisco. He was educated at Marysville and Oakland. In 1853 he joined the expedition of General Walker to Sonora and Lower CaHfornia, shouldering his musket and doing a soldier's duty, although a boy only fifteen years of age. It will be seen that he was in good hands, however, when it is stated that General Walker was his step-father. Colonel Watkins' law partner, and he was thus drawn into the venture. On his return to California he attended school for a while, went to the mines for nine mont'i.s, and then returned to Marysville, where he accepted a position in the post- office. In i860 he was appointed Port Warden of San Francisco, for which he qualified, but never assumed the duties. Resigning, he commenced the study of law at Marysville, and was appointed Notary Public. In response to the call of Lincoln for volun- teers from this State, in 1861, these duties were re- signed, and he joined the army. They expected to be hurried East and into active service, but the com- mand was sent into Arizona and New Mexico, and the borders of Texas, to prevent the Confederates from making their way into California. He was with the advanced column that had a sharp skirmish with a detachment of Confederates at Picacho Pass, near Tucson, Arizona Territory, interesting as the nearest point to California where an armed encounter between the opposing forces took place. During this cam- paign he was promoted to the First Lieutenancy, and later to the Captaincy of his company. After the dis- banding of his regiment he was appointed Major of the Fourth Infantry, California Volunteers, serving until it was mustered out, at the close of the war. During the latter two years Captain Benson saw a great deal of service against Indians, and received honorable mention. In 1866 he was appointed Second Lieutenant, and shortly afterward promoted to be Plrst Lieutenant U. S. A., and has seen active service on the frontier during the greater part of his military career. In the Nez Perces campaign, under General Howard, in 1877, in Montana, during a fight with Chief Joseph and his band, he received a bullet through his hips, and as a result he was laid up for several months. On May i, 1882, he was promoted to the Captaincy, but his health being impaired on ac- count of his wound and hard service, he went to the Sandwich Islands. On April 24, 1886, he was placed on the retired list, U. S. A., with the rank of Captain,, Captain Benson was married, in 1867, to Miss Mary Francisca Paty, a native of the Sandwich Islands, of American parentage. Her father was Captain John Paty, who owned and commanded a trading vessel that rounded the Horn in 1835, and rendered valuable assistance to General Fremont in the conquest of California. They have six children: Maud, Mary R., Henry P., Dora Brice, Frances, and John Paty, and it is to afford them educational advantages that Captain Benson took up his residence in San Jose. Since retiring from active service he has become interested in mercantile pursuits in the islands. pR. EUTHANASIA S. MEADE. It has re- mained for this age and these climes to disprove conclusively the alleged incapacity of women for the arduous duties of the medical profession. Yet what more fitting than that she who best knows how to soothe the moments of anguish and pain should also watch over and destroy the seeds of disease, and check and alleviate the pangs of suffering and dis- tress. Above all things a physician must be wise, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 379 tender, and sympathetic, and it is in these very prov- inces that woman is supreme. Hence it is that we hail with joy the enlarging of the mental vision of our days which permits woman to take her proper station by the bedside of illness and disease as a physician. Among the ranks of the medical profession in San Jose general esteem centers upon Dr. E. S. Meade, a graduate of the regular school, and a physician in large and successful practice. Her attention was first drawn to the profession by incidents occurring during the last years of the War of the Rebellion. At St. Joseph's Hospital, Philadelphia, she gained her first experience in the care of the wounded taken to that point. Four years after the war she graduated at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and practiced under her preceptor, Dr. Wilson, in Philadelphia, visiting the hospitals and gaining practical experience. In 1876- yj she spent eighteen months in Europe, visiting Vienna, Paris, Berlin, London, Naples, and Rome, omitting no opportunity to perfect her medical knowl- edge both from hospital and other studies in these large cities. In 1869 Dr. Meade came to San Jose and began regular practice. She was the pioneer in San Jose of the idea that woman can intelligently sustain the duties of the medical profession, but she .has since demonstrated beyond contradiction the capacity of woman, when properly fitted and prepared by a judicious training, for carrying to the highest suc- cess the best efforts of the physician. Dr. Meade is a native of Genesee, New York; and by long and severe study, heightened and made prac- tical by travel, observation, and experience, has raised herself to a prominent position. She is a woman of a single purpose, wholly wrapped up in her profession. i-^iC..^g)- „RANK BRUNST, manufacturer of and dealer ^ in cigars at No. 131 West Santa Clara Street, San Jose, was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1842. He attended the public schools up to the age of fourteen years, when he commenced learning the cigar and tobacco business, working in his native town for eight years. In 1863 he came to the United States, arriving in New York January 19, 1864, and came almost immediately, via Panama, to San Fran- cisco. He remained in San Francisco four years working at his trade. In 1868 he came to San Jose, where he has remained, engaged in cigar manufactur- ing and dealing. He first commenced this business with F. Bunemann (lately deceased), but for the last sixteen years has been alone in the business. He sells the most of his goods to dealers in Santa Clai'a County. He was married in 1870, to Miss Annie Mercker, a native of Bavaria, Germany. They have one child, Frank Brunst, Jr., engaged in the factory with his father. Mr. Brunst is a member of the Independent Order of Red Men, of Hermann's Sons, and of the Turnverein in San Jose. His parents were John and Magdalena (Gutfreund) Brunst, both natives of Ba- varia. His father died in his native place and his mother came to California and died at the home of her daughter, at the age of eighty-one years. (ILES HILLS, who has a beautiful home and an orchard of ten acres on the corner of Lincoln a^js and Minnesota Avenues, has been a prominent resident of Santa Clara County for the past twenty years. His home place is planted in three acres of cherries, three acres of apricots, and the bal- ance in a variety of fruits, only partly in bearing, as some of the fruit originally planted has been replaced with others. He also owns a place of 100 acres at Los Gatos, of which thirty-five acres are in prunes, thirty-five acres in almonds, and the remainder will be planted in fruit. He had about ten tons of almonds from the Los Gatos place, but has since grafted prunes on many of the almonds. This year (1888) will be the first in which he will probably have a full crop of both prunes and almonds. Born in Goshen, Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1819, he lived there until five years of age. His par- ents were Levi and Huldah (Loomis) Hills, natives of Connecticut. His mother died in Savannah, Georgia, in 1820, when he was about one year old. His father removed in 1824 with his family to Oneida County, New York. There his father carried on a general merchandise business for about ten years. The family again removed, in 1833, locating in La Salle County, Illinois, between Joliet and Ottawa, and there he again engaged in the general merchandise business, in which he continued for about twenty-five years, at Morris, Illinois, where he died in 1865. When the subject of this sketch accompanied his father to Illinois in 1833, the Indians were about selling out and moving West. They passed through Chicago, which was at that time merely a trading station, there being at the mouth of the Chicago River Fort Dearborn, with a few troops, and a few small stores, but no regular streets. The :5S() PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." town had just been platted that fall. These stores were supported by the Indians and a few straggling settlers who came in to do their trading and sell their peltry and products. During the years Mr. Hills lived in that section it filled up with settlers and be- came wealthy. For twenty-five years the people of his neighborhood, and for much greater distances, hauled their grain and products by wagon to Chicago. He engaged in farming and buying and selling grain during that period, doing business in Morris, Illinois, for about seven years of that time. He married, in 1847, Miss Charlotte Bushnell, in the town of Lisbon, Kendall County (formerly La Salle County), Illinois. There were born to them six children, four of whom died in infancy. Harriet, born in Lisbon, Illinois, in 1848, is now the wife of Rev. J. H. Wythe, residing in Oakland, California. Edwin M., born in Morris, Illinois, in 1858, is now engaged in managing a stock ranch in Monterey County. Mr. Hills originally came to California by the Panama route in 1855, locating in Santa Clara County. He engaged in buying and selling land in various parts of the State. He returned to Illinois in 1857, ^'id after a residence often years in Minneapo- lis, Minnesota, he returned with his family to Cali- fornia and located in San Jose, where he has since resided. Mr. Hills is a Republican in politics and a supporter of tariff for protection. A. HALE. This representative business man of California is a native of New York, having been born in Phoenix, of that State, in 1852. His parents, Marshall and Prudence Hale, re- moved to Schoolcraft, Michigan, in 1867, and here young Hale attended the usual school in that section. Coming with his parents to California in 1876, with his father and brother he established a dry-goods business in San Jose, having previously, in New York and Michigan, been engaged in general merchandis- ing. They opened in San Jose, at Nos. 142 and 146 South First Street, in a store 17x40 feet in dimensions, employing one clerk, and a boy to sweep and make himself generally useful. Later, four other brothers joined the firm, which now (1888) has seven stores, one each in San Jose, Stockton, Sacramento, Salinas, Peta- luma, Los Angeles, and San Diego, and are doing prob- ably the most extensive business, in their line, in the State outside of San Francisco. They deal entirely in dry and furnishing goods, some of the stores add- ing boots and shoes, and absolute sales in excess of a million and a quarter dollars per year are made. The firm imports goods directly from Europe through the importing agencies, one brother having an office in New York to attend to the purchasing and for- warding of goods. In their stores they have but one price, and deal on a strictly cash basis, all goods being marked in plain figures, and a child can buy at the same price as an expert. The firm is doing a large mailing business, orders being received for goods from all parts of the coast. Mr. Hale's success in business is not a phenomenon, nor a question of luck, but is simply the inevitable result of energy, foresight, and push, applied to his business upon a basis of strict honor, integrity, and square dealing. The result, from the forces in operation, is as certain as a simple problem in mathematics. In 1880 Mr. Hale was married to Miss Mary Bas- sett, a native of California, whose parents were among the pioneers of Santa Clara County, having come across the plains from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, about 1855. Mrs. Hale is a graduate of the California State Normal School, and, previous to her marriage, taught in the San Jose public schools. One child has been born to this marriage, Clarissa J., born in 1883. In 1887 Mr. Hale was elected Alderman for the city of San Jose, and, having been appointed Chair- . man of the Finance Committee, discovered a short- age in the city's cash, thereby saving to the city about $3,500. He has brought his business experi- ence and ability to bear on the city's financial inter- ests with the very best results. He is still a member of the Board of Alderman. He is also a member of the A. O. U. W., and always in the front rank for improvements of all kinds. JENRY C. AHLERS, importer and dealer in ~Y^ diamonds, solid gold watches, and solid gold 1^ jewelry, conducts his business in the same rooms where he established himself nine years ago, on the corner of Santa Clara and First Streets, over the First National Bank of San Jose. Here may be met, at almost any hour of day, inspecting or purchasing, or having former purchases reset or repaired, one or more of the solid people, or of the jeunesse doree, of Santa Clara County. Mr. Ahlers makes a specialty of diamonds, fine jewelry, their setting and manufact- ure. Realizing, while yet learning his business, that a reputation for thoroughness and reliability was es- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 381 sential to success, also that there was a higher grade of business support in his line, difficult to reach but secure when once had, he kept these objects well in view. Opening his rooms in July, 1879, more espe- cially for the manufacture and repair of fine jewelry, he gradually purchased a stock of goods suitable to his class of customers, not handling any jewelry ex- cept that in solid gold. Being an expert in the se- lection and setting of diamonds, his patrons receive the benefit of his knowledge and judgment, all goods being sold with an absolute guarantee, at a standard price to which a fair profit is added. The successful diamond merchants of the world have been invariably men unerring in selection of gems and unquestionably reliable in their sale. In 1887 Mr. Ahlers carried a stock of diamonds costing as high as $25,000. His watches are almost exclusively of American manu- facture, and from the best makers, among them the Howard, Waltham, and Elgin Watches. When nec- essary, he -also manufactures any article of jewelry specially ordered, and carries no jewelry or watches except those in solid gold. Buying all his diamonds unmounted, he sets them in the latest styles or in any special style to order. Some of the work on exhibi- tion in Mr. Ahlers' establishment shows an excellent taste and superb workmanship. There can be seen , diamonds varying from the small chip to the larger solitaire of purest water. A native of Germany, where he was born in 1858, he at an early age came tb America, engaging at once in learning the jewelry business, in which he has re- mained continuously up to this time. Besides his jewelry trade, Mr. Ahlers is largely interested in fruit- growing, having a half interest with Mr. F. Brassy in an orchard of 200 acres, seven miles from San Jose, and adjoining the well-known orchard of S. F. Lieb, and the Pourtal vineyard on the Stevens Creek road. They have 160 acres in prunes and forty acres in wine grapes just coming into bearing. He and Mr. Brassy also own an addition to San Jose, consisting of sixty lots on Alum Rock Avenue, near McLaughlin Ave- nue, called the Brassy & Ahlers tract. There they have erected handsome residences for themselves, and will sell lots only to those who will make corresponding improvements. These gentlemen deserve credit for the valuable improvements in that neighborhood. They have also erected another building of similar charac- ter to help start the movement of the better class of residents in that direction, and have purchased the lots on the opposite side of the Alum Rock Avenue to prevent an inferior class of buildings getting lodgment there. Mr. Ahlers has been indeed the architect of his own fortunes. Starting in life with no capital but that of ready hands, a clear head, and willing heart, he has while yet young in years achieved a notable success, arising at first from a thorough mastering of his business and a strict attention to it, and later from the judicious investments afforded to his surplus capital in this beautiful and prosperous valley. EORGE W. OUSLEY. The subject of this sketch is one of the fortunate owners of a fruit farm in the Willows of San Jose, he having eleven and three-fourths acres in that favored locality. Of this tract three acres are in apricots, three acres in pears, three acres in prunes, and one and one- half acres in peaches ; the apricots and peaches are in bearing. In 1887 he had about twenty-six tons of apricots, five tons of peaches, and five tons of pears. He bought this place in 1879, paying $440 per acre, and immediately planted a portion to fruit. He has never irrigated his land, as below the first soil is a stratum of water-bearing sandy deposits. Mr. Ousley was born in Edgar County, near Paris, Illinois, in 1831. He remembers going to Chicago with his father about 1839, at the commencement of Martin Van Buren's presidency, with a load of wheat, which was to be sold to pay the usual taxes. This wheat was hauled about 165 miles, to Chicago, and sold for thirty-five cents a bushel, as money was a very scarce commodity in those days. Considerable corduroy road was traversed in this journey, and five yoke of oxen were required to draw the load. Mr. Ousley left Paris March 12, 1849, for California. His health being bad, and he having heard much of the healthfulness of the " plains," and of California, he decided to make the trip in that way. His parents, Henry B. and Sarah (Potts) Ousley, had died when he was a child — his mother when he was three, and his father when he was twelve years of age. His father was a native of Kentucky, but left there in 1831, as he was opposed to slavery; his mother was also a Ken- tuckian, and both parents from the neighborhood of Crab Orchard Springs. Both his paternal and mater- nal grandfathers came from Maryland to Kentucky in the footsteps of Daniel Boone, having been soldiers in the Revolutionary War. They located land warrants at Crab Orchard, Kentucky, and were the first settlers of that place. Mr. Ousley's journey across the plains was made 382 PEN. PICTURES FROM TEE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' with seven companions and two teams, all arriving safely in California. The train crossed the Missouri River at St. Joseph, May 8, 1849, and arrived at the spot where Placerville is now located on the twenty-fourth of August of the same year. In the fall of 1852 Mr. Ousley located 160 acres and commenced farming in Humboldt County, near Areata, having previously, in 1850, become interested in a schooner that ran to Humboldt County, ,also taking a little dip into the mining excitement at Salmon and Klamath Rivers. He left the farm in 1857 to go into the harness busi- ness in Areata, leaving this in 1861 to go East and enter the United States' service. On his way from New York to Illinois he was prostrated with pneumo- nia and compelled to return to California. In the spring of 1863, Governor Stanford commissioned Mr. Ousley Captain to enlist a company in the northern part of the State to resist the depredations of Indians who had been incited to revolt by sympathizers with the Southern Confederacy. The Captain was in act- ive service in Indian warfare almost continuously un- til his honorable discharge in May, 1865. Captain Ousley was married May 27, 1863, to Miss Sophronia Underwood, a native of Naperville, Illinois. Five children were born to them, three dying in early infancy, and two — Agnes A., born April 22, 1868, and George W., born July 23, 1869 — now attending school in San Jose. Captain Ousley is a member of Phil. Sheridan Post, No. 7, G. A. R., of San Jose, and of Friendship Lodge, F. & A. M. He is also a mem- ber of the Willows Horticultural Society, and is Re- publican in politics, having voted for Fremont in 1856. ^RS. PHILIPPINA GRIBNER. This lady, the widow of John Gribner, owns a tract of eight acres on Willow Street, near Lincoln Avenue, San Jose, which is mostly in prunes and cherries, partly bearing. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gribner were born in Germany, the former in Saxonia, in 1825, and the latter in Bavaria in 1832. Mr. Grib- ner came to the United States in 1844, settling in St. Louis. Mrs. Gribner came to St. Louis in 1849, and they were married in 1850. Mr. Gribner was in the blacksmithing business in St. Louis for some years, but in 1852 he and a party of friends bought an ox team and came across the plains to California, stop- ping at Downieville, and mined in that vicinity for about four years. In 1856 Mr. Gribner went back to St. Louis, and in 1857 returned with his wife to Cali- fornia, coming by way of Panama. In 1858 he went to the Eraser River mines, returning in 1859 to Marysville, where he established a hotel, which he conducted until his death, on the eighth of March, 1884. After her husband's death, Mrs. Gribner re- moved with her family to Santa Clara County, Mr. J. Gribner having purchased the place in the Willows previous to her removal here. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Gribner: John v., born in 1851, died in 1852; and George T., born in 1858, is now living in the Willows engaged in fruit-culture on his own place, which is opposite that of his mother. Mrs. Gribner's parents, John and Johanna (Schneider) Hein, were natives of Bavaria. They had eight children, two of whom died in early infancy, the remaining six coming to St. Louis. Of Mr. Gribner's family, although there were several brothers and sisters, he and a brother and sister were the only members to come to the United States. He was a member of Marysville Lodge of Odd Fellows, No. 45. ->->'%-^'<-<'< B. AND JAMES A. McCARLEY, proprietors of the Occidental Stables, at Nos. ^piLLIAM ^y> 28 to 34 North Second Street, have been en- gaged in business in San Jose for the past four years, and for twenty-five years have been residents of Santa Clara County. Their parents are Samuel W. and Hannah A. (Harbert) McCarley, who came to Santa Clara County from Iowa in 1862, where their father engaged in farming until 1880. The boys worked on their father's farm and went to school together until they grew to manhood, and then for five years they farmed together. William B. was born in 1857, and James A. in i860. In 1884 they established the livery business, in which they have been interested since that time. They own the property on which their stables are located, being 64X 137/^ feet. By careful attention to their customers, and looking after every detail, they have built up a good business, having added largely to their stock of horses, buggies, and carriages. William B. was married in 1882 to Miss Mary C. Eddy, of Contra Costa County. They have one child, Lena May, born July 20, 1886. James A. was married in 1884 to Miss Maggie E. Tarpley, of Mar- tinez, Contra Costa County. They have one child, James A., Jr., born in March, 1886. There were six children in Samuel W. McCarley's family, viz.: Annie BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 383 B., the wife of D. B. Fuller, of Evergreen; William B., James A., Mary E., the wife of W. B. Rucker, Deputy County Clerk; Frank J., owning and running a carry-all; and Samuel W., attending school in San Jose. Mr. McCarley owned 200 acres of land eight miles from San Jose, which he sold in 1887 and pur- chased his beautiful home in San Jose. He is a native of Kentucky, near Lexington, and first moved to Illinois, and from there to Jefferson County, Iowa, and thence to California. Mrs. McCarley is a native of Illinois, where she met and married Mr. McCarley. HORACE G. KEESLING. Among the enter- prising and successful young men of Santa Clara County should be mentioned Horace G. Kees- ling. His residence is on Carlos Street and the Meridian road, where he owns fifteen acres of orchard, which place he came in possession of eight years ago when it was a grain-field. This he planted in or- chard, about five acres each year. It is now planted almost equally in prunes, cherries, and apricots, with about 200 peaches and an assortment of fruits for family use. Only part of this orchard is in bearing, as the part set out at first in apples has been replaced with other trees. Mr. Keesling is also interested in, and editor of, a publication devoted to poultry and kindred interests, entitled TAe California Cackler, published in San Francisco. He is a breeder and importer as well as exporter of fine poultry, having made several importations of the black Langshan. These come from Langshan, a province in the interior of China. He has had his agent on the lookout for the past four years to obtain a white Langshan, but without success until lately, when they succeeded in obtaining and importing a hen of that breed, the first ever imported into the United States. The Chinese consider them a sacred bird, and are unwilling to sell or dispose of them to people of other nations. The Langshans Mr. Keesling considers well adapted for keeping in orchards, as they are prolific layers, and live in the orchard without flying in the trees or de- stroying the fruit. He also claims that the same care bestowed here in poultry-raising will insure as profit- able results as in the East. In New Zealand and Australia quite a growing market has been built up for American-bred fowls, such as the Wyandottes and Plymouth Rocks, largely through the medium of The California Cackler. Born in Mechanicsburg, Henry County, Indiana, in 1855, his parents removed with the family to Minne- apolis, Minnesota, in 1856. Flere the subject of this sketch lived until his eighteenth year, attending school during the winter months and working out in summer as long as weather permitted. During the last four years of his residence in Minneapolis he learned the business of florist, with Mr. Wyman Elliot, the leading horticulturist of that section. In October, 1873, the family removed to California, set- tling at once in the Santa Clara Valley. He gradu- ated at the San Jose High School in 1874. Since that time he has been engaged in fruit-raising, first with his father until his twenty-fifth year, and since 1 880 at his present home. In 1880 he was married to Miss Annie Bacon, of San Jose, daughter of L. and L. J. (McGrew) Bacon, who came to California from Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1852. There have been born to them two children: Jessie and Homer G. His parents are T. B. and Elizabeth (Hasty) Keesling, who removed from Ohio into Indiana at an early day. They now live on Willow Street opposite Cherry Avenue, in the Willows. The subject of this sketch is a member of San Jose Grange, No. 10, Patrons of Husbandry, and a member of the Executive Com- mittee of the State Grange of California. He is independent in politics, generally supports the Re- publican party, and is in favor of protective tariff. ^■ .^ lEORGE SCHERRER is proprietor of the Eagle Brewery, the first beer-brewing establishment in Santa Clara County, it having been established in 1853 on a very small scale by the late Joseph Hartman. The beer is still sold under the name of " Old Joe's " beer. Mr. Hartman commenced the manufacture of beer with a very small outfit, having a capacity of about eight barrels per day. This soon gave place to the large and complete establishment carried on since Mr. Hartman's decease by Mr. Scherrer, which now has a capacity of fifty barrels per day. This beer is mostly consumed in San Jose and Santa Clara County. They do not make any lager, but all steam beer, which requires only six weeks to become perfect, while lager requires four months. Mr. Scherrer has been identified with the Eagle Brewery for the past twenty-eight years, hav- ing come to this county in i860. He was born in Alsace, France (now Germany), in 1832, and remained in his native town until twenty-one years of age, at- tending school and learning the brewing business. In 384 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." i8S3 he came to New York. For the next five years he was employed in various breweries in different parts of the country. In 1858 he came to San Fran- cisco, where he worked for two years in the Germania Brewery. He was there recommended to Mr. Hart- man, of San Jose, by whom he was at once employed, and remained with him nineteen years, as foreman and manager most of the time. On the death of Mr. Hartman, in 1879, he succeeded to the business, which he has continued to conduct to the present time, being now the proprietor. Mr. Scherrer was married, in 1875, to Miss Georgi- ana Hartman, daughter of Joseph Hartman, the pro- prietor of the brewery. George Scherrer is a mem- ber of San Jose Lodge, No. 34, I. O. O. F., and of the Encampment also; is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Red Men and of the San Jose Turnverein. Mr. Hartman was a native of Hesse Darmstadt and came to America about 1846, and to California in 1852, engaging at once in the brewing business, being in Lion's Brewery in San Francisco for one year before coming to San Jose and establishing the Eagle Brewery, as before stated, in 1853. He died in 1879, leaving five children. §fim D. ALLISON, one of the prominent business SfftSd men of this county, is the proprietor of the f oldest established jewelry store in San Jose, he having succeeded Jackson Lewis, who estab- lished the business in 1849. Mr. Allison is a native of the State of New York, having been born in Broome County in 1834, but removing with his parents to a farm near Birmingham, Michigan, in 1836. Here he received his education, and learned the jewelry bus- iness, working at it both in Pontiac and in Detroit. In 1858 he came to California by way of Panama, and immediately followed the tide of people to the gold mines, going to Mokelumne Hill. After mining about three months he went to work at his trade in the same town, remaining there four years. During the Esmeralda County gold excitement he went to Aurora, where he remained two years in the jewelry business. In 1864 he came to San Francisco, where he formed a company for the manufacture of aerated bread, adding, after two years, the manufacture of yeast bread. During this time six wagons were re- quired to deliver the bread to the customers. On the breaking out of the small-pox in the fall of i the company closed the bakery, whereupon Mr. Alli- son came to San Jose, and entered the store of Jack- son Lewis. In 1879 he succeeded Mr. Lewis in the business, and has continued it to this time. In 1875 Mr. Allison was married to Miss Mollie E. Secoy, of Chicago, whose parents, Dr. Secoy and wife, of Chicago, died during her early infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Allison have five children: Camille, Win- fred, Mildred, Leone, and W. D., Jr. Mr. Ahison's parents were David and Susan Allison, his father a native of New York State and his mother of New Jersey. Both parents are dead, his father dying in 1883, at Pontiac, Michigan, at the age of ninety-two years, his mother in 1866. Both are buried at Troy, Michigan, near the old farm where they had lived so long. Mr. Allison is a member of San Jose Lodge, No. 10, F. & A. M., and of San Jose Commandery, No. 10, of Knights Templar, also a member of Scottish Rite, and of the I. O. O. F. gim G. HUGGINS, who resides on the Alameda, 4^ has been a resident of Santa Clara County for twelve years, and of San Jose five years. He was born in Ripley County, Indiana, in 1841. In 185 1 his parents removed to Iowa. He received his education in the public schools of Indiana and Iowa, and later attended a private school at Kirk- ville, Wapello County, Iowa, until eighteen years of age. He then went to Versailles, Darke- County, Ohio, where he remained three years in business with his uncle. During this time he took a course in a commercial college in Cincinnati. He then returned to Iowa and engaged in mercantile pursuits at Ot- tumwa with his uncle, J. W. Huggins, in which he con- tinued for eleven years, doing a general merchandise business in dry goods, boots and shoes. In 1874 they sold out and engaged in the coal-mining and shipping business for two years. They then came to Santa Clara County and purchased 800 acres, between Los Gatos and Saratoga. Mr. Huggins bought his uncle's interest in the land, and started a large orchard, planting 150 acres in fruit, of which 125 acres were in prunes, the rest being in various fruits; 112 acres of this was planted on shares, the man planting and caring for the trees for four years, receiving a certain acreage as compensation. This was probably at the time the largest prune orchard in the world. Early in 1884 Mr. Huggins sold his interest in this orchard BIOQRAPHWA L SKETCHES. 385 for $SO,ooo, the place having been purchased, eight years before, for $12,000. Hr. Huggins is not at present interested in fruit culture, nor is he in any active business. He was married, in 1867, to Miss Matilda Maliott, a native of New Orleans, but a resident of Ohio from her early childhood. She died in 1870, leaving one child, Grace, who graduated at the University of the Pacific in 1888. Mr. Huggins was again married, in 1877, to Miss Bertha Roemer, a native and resident of Ottumwa, Iowa. There has been born to them one child, Howard M., in 1882. Mr. Huggins was reared on his father's farm up to the age of seventeen years, and trained in all the de- tails of farm work. He has been, until within the past fout years, an active business man. Except a smail estate from his father, Mr. Huggins has been the architect of his own fortune, and every dollar he pos- sesses represents^ just so much of hard, earnest, act- ive work. His parents were Alexis M. and Orinda A. (Jenison) Huggins, both natives of New York. His father was a miller and farmer, owning a farm in Ripley County, Indiana, and later in Iowa, operating a mill belonging to his father, as well as carrying on his farm work, while in Indiana. The subject of this sketch owns a beautiful home, and is surrounded by every home comfort. His father died in Iowa in 1863. His mother still lives, residing in San Jose with her daughter, Mrs. Davis. $-@^-ng)-€ fOEL W. RANSOM. Some of the grandest steps that have thus far been taken by Santa Clara = Clara and Market Streets, San Jose, was born in Buffalo, New York, June 17, 1829. His ances- tors for many generations were residents of Massachu- setts and Vermont. While he was an infant, his father moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he received his education up to the age of eighteen years. He 392 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." then enlisted in Magruder's Battery, United Slates Army, and after making the voyage around Cape Horn with his battery on the ship Monterey, landed in San Diego, California, where he remained until 1851, when he was discharged and came immediately to San Francisco, and engaged in the auction business, which he continued for two years. He then made a trip to the Sandwich Islands, after which he returned to California and commenced mining in various parts of the State and in Nevada, with the usual success at- tending mining operations. He came to San Jose in 1861 and engaged in the auction business with N. Hayes, which he followed for four years. He then commenced business for himself in clothing and gen- tlemen's furnishing goods, which he has carried on ever since very extensively. He was married in 1862, to Miss Emilie Houghton, a native of Iowa, and there have been born to them two children, viz.: Marcella, wife of Fred W. Moore, of Santa Cruz, and Henry Mayo Newhall Spring, who is associated in business with his father. ^^S*?^ . iOSEPH E. BROWN, of the firm of J. E. Brown @t, & Son, has been connected with the real-estate ^ business in Santa Clara County since 1862. He was born on his father's farm in Steuben, Oneida County, New York, April 25, 1825. He attended school in Utica until eleven years of age, when his father removed to Centreville, St. Joseph County, Michigan. Here he worked on his father's farm, at- tended the local schools, and later spent two years at school in Kalamazoo. In 1846 he removed to New York State, where he remained two years engaged in the carriage-making business, and while there married Miss Diana Sevey, a native of Genesee County, New York. In 1848 he returned to Michigan with his wife, and there engaged in the manufacture of carriages, making the first top buggy in St. Joseph County. In 1852 he came to California, crossing the plains in the usual way, and after remaining a few months in Butte and Plumas Counties, came to San Jose, where he has since remained. Here he again en- gaged in carriage and wagon-making, manufacturing also the first top buggy ever made in Santa Clara County. He worked at this business until his election to the State Legislature, in 1 861. His wife died in 1854, and in 1862 he married Miss Mary S. Grant, a native of Oneida County, New York, a niece of the late Dr. China Smith. In 1862 he engaged in the real-estate business, but the movement of property being slow, he returned to his trade of carriage-making, at which he worked until 1873, when he again entered the real- estate and insurance business, which he has followed since. He is now in his seventh term of re-appoint- ment as Notary Public, making, including this term, fourteen years. He owned, and lived for twenty-five years on, a vineyard and orchard of fifteen acres on Martha, between Third and Sixth Streets, San Jose, which he has lately disposed of There were born to his first marriage two daughters, who both died in childhood. By the second marriage he has one son, Goldwin, associated with his father in the real-estate business. He is a Republican and his name was among the first on any paper in this county for the organization of that party. In 1856 he stumped the county for Fremont. He also started the first free library (public) in San Jose, in 1854, which has since been merged into the present public library, and the books transferred to it. This library was organized in the fall of 1854, the Trustees being Dr. J. C. Cobb, Rev. Eli Corwin, Judge Charles Dan- iels, Mr. Manney, and the subject of this sketch. Mr. Brown collected all the money raised for the purpose and turned it over to Dr. Cobb, who, while on a trip East, made the purchase of the books for this library. Mr. Brown has been, during his thirty-seven years of residence, a public-spirited, broad-gauge man, active in every movement tending to the benefit of San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley, and possessing the confi- dence and esteem of those who have known him longest and best. He has lately arrived from a trip in the Eastern States, and returns home more than ever in love with California, and especially with the Santa Clara Valley. sBEL ALDERSON WITHROW, familiarly =!P known as "Abe," is a veteran soldier and also jp the veteran saddle and harness maker and car- riage trimmer of Santa Clara, and deals largely in whips, robes, etc. His shop is not only the rendez- vous of the G. A. R. men, but also of his other friends, who frequently drop in to "swap news" and talk over old times. He was born at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, in 1833. When twelve years of age he was taken to Greens- burg, Indiana, by his parents, Abel and Susan (Jordan) Withrow, both deceased. At the age of fourteen years he was apprenticed to learn the saddle and moauAi'iiwAL ^sja?«^ Annie Stamp. She was born at Havre de Grace, Maryland. They have two children: Elsie B., who is completing her musical edu- 50 cation at San Francisco under her cousin, Miss Marie Withrow, who recently finished her studies in Europe, and Ralph V., a student in the Santa Clara public school. Politically, Mr. Withrow is Republican. He has been a member of the School Board of Santa Clara four years, and Town Treasurer two years. In 1876 he was made an Odd Fellow in True Fellowship Lodge, No. 238, I. O. O. F., Santa Clara, of which he is still a member, and has held the office of Treasurer for eight consecutive years. C. RIDDELL. It is only in the last few years f5= that the great advantages of the Uvas Valley have been receiving general attention, but what has been done there of late indicates what it is capable of. There is probably not a ranch in Santa Clara County, of anything like similar size, which shows to such an extent the progress of improvements as that of D. C. Riddell. This ranch, containing 865 acres, has a beautiful and picturesque location, and its natural beauties have been so enhanced by art that it seems almost as if perfection had here been reached. Two hundred acres of this is plateau land, and to this Mr. Riddell has devoted his attention, principally- The land belonging to the ranch stretches from the table land up and over the hills, which lend a charm- ing background to the view of the place, looking from the road. This hill land is used for grazing, into which he is gradually drifting, but merely as a side issue. All of the valley land is used either for fruit, hay, or pasture. In hay-raising he does not trust to the volunteer crop, but sows each year, and the result is a fine quality and quantity, either of wheat or barley hay. Wheat, however, seems to be preferable to barley here. It averages from one to three tons per acre, the adobe land especially yielding very heavily. Not- withstanding the diversity of its possible uses, how- ever, Mr. Riddell regards this land as too valuable to be used for anything else than fruit, in future, and he is rapidly carrying out his plan, already matured, for making of the available land one vast fruit farm. He first turned his attention to fruit culture in 1882, set- ting out in that year twenty-five acres. The trees were planted forty feet apart, or forty-eight trees to the acre, and are now in a very thrifty condition. He has since duplicated the number of trees on this tract, putting in the additional ones in such a way as to give 394 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." the greatest possible space between. In the winter of 1888-89 he will inaugurate a system of planting twenty acres to fruit each year, until the grand total of the orchard reaches 150 acres, and nearly all of this vast acreage will be devoted to stone fruits, his observation being that they do better on the red land than seed fruits. His trees now set out are the picture of health. They are divided between Bartlett pears, plums, apri- cots, and French prunes. All these have been success- ful in the true sense of the word, but the odds are slightly in favor of apricots and French prunes and plums, as regards abundance of yield. Mr. Riddell is not devoting any attention to vines, other than grapes for table use, nor is it his intention to do so. It is not, however, on account of their being an uncertain crop, as the land is especially well adapted to the culture of the grape. Not the least noticeable improvement on the place is the handsome residence, which was erected in 1882, at a cost of not less than $10,000. The work and arrangement is in admirable taste. All told, the amounts invested in bringing the place to its present condition, have been rather over than under $20,000, but they show what capital, intel- ligently directed, can do for a location of such natural beauty. Mr. Riddell is a native of Pennsylvania, born at Erie; his boyhood days were spent there, at Pitts- burg, and in Ohio. In June, 1855, he came to Cali- fornia as the employe of the great firm of Drexel, Sather & Church. In 1857 ill health compelled him to leave San Francisco, consequently he severed his connection with this firm to engage in stock-raising, and later in mining at Silver Mountain, Alpine County. In 1861, in company with his brother, Speer Riddell, he bought the ranch where he at present re- sides, and was engaged in the cattle business until 1864, exclusively, when he removed from this county to Tulare County. In 1869 he returned to Gilroy, and was agent for the Wells-Fargo Express Company until 1879, when he removed to San Francisco. In 1870, Mr. Riddell wedded Miss Philinda Dor- land, of Gilroy. Three children have been born of this union, viz.: Philinda D., DeWitt Speer, and Eliza- beth D., who died at the age of one year. In 1 88 1 he returned to the ranch to make it his permanent abode, and then commenced to lay his plans for improvement. Mr. Riddell was largely interested in the borax in- dustry in San Bernardino County, but disposed of his interests there. He has the most approved appliances for measuring the rainfall, and from his books of record the following tabular statement of rainfall, on his plan, for six years is taken: — 1S82-83 16.25 inches 1883-H 35-42 " 1884-85 21.07 " 1885-86.... 32.13 " 1886-87 17-31 " 1887-88 23.90 " Average 24. 36 " ;PEER RIDDELL was also a native of Erie, Pennsylvania, but came to California in 1852, locating at San Francisco, devoting his time to banking, holding the position of paying teller originally for Drexel, Sather & Church, afterward for twelve years for John Parrott, and after the retirement of Mr. Parrott filled the same position in the London and San Francisco Bank, Limited, until 1883, when he resigned to take the presidency of the San Ber- nardino Borax Mining Company, which he held until his sudden death, in October, 1884, at the age of fifty- four years. He was widely known in the city and in this county, and universally respected for his integrity, ability, and kindliness of heart. By close attention to business, and the exercise of most excellent judg- ment, Mr. Riddell was rewarded by the accumulation of a fortune that permitted of the indulgence of his taste for the country, and found much pleasure in thus assisting his brother, D. C. Riddell, to develop a property in a manner that redounds to their credit. tguipLBERT LAKE, the proprietor and manager of -ps the San Jose Box Manufactory, is at the head of one of the most important and prosperous in- dustrial enterprises in the city, — a position which he has earned by an exhibition of business tact and persistent energy in surmounting obstacles and overcoming difficulties which would discourage most men. Twenty-six years ago C. S. Hobbs, S. D. Gil- more, George Gilmore and David Pomeroy built and started a box factory on North San Pedro Street, under the firm name of Hobbs, Gilmore & Co. The building was 25x40 feet, and was simply a nailing shop, the cutting being all done in San PVancisco. The business was conducted by this firm about five years, when they sold out to Mr. Lake. He struggled along amid adverse circumstances a number of years, and on the night of October 31, 1887, the entire plant was destroyed by fire. His property was lost, but his BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 395 spirit was not broken ; so he set about devising nneans to rebuild. He planned and drew the design for the new building, completed his arrangements, and was ready to start the work on it in December. It was rapidly pushed to completion, and the larger and much superior factory was put in operation. The lot on which the new plant stands is 150x196 feet, at 233 to 237 North San Pedro Street. The rnain building is 75x80 feet, two stories in height, and its exterior is iron. It is thoroughly equipped with all the latest and most perfect patterns of machinery for box mak- ing in duplicate, and is what is called a double mill. Among other rare machines it contains a gang edger, the only one on the Pacific Coast. This machinery is propelled by a sixty-horse-power engine of the best class. The boiler-room is situated in another build- ing 50x65 feet, there being no fire about the factory. An iron-lined fuel room is located on each side of the boilers, one for sawdust and the other for shavings. Every particle of dust and shavings is taken up from the factory by patent blowers and carried through metallic pipes to these fuel rooms. The lumber is brought into the factory on trucks drawn by steam power, and when cut ready for nailing is hoisted by the same power to the second floor, where the boxes are put together. Owing to the superior equipment and convenient arrangement of his plant, Mr. Lake says he works up lumber $3.00 a thousand cheaper than it has ever been done before in this valley. From forty to fifty men are employed in the factory, and every kind of wooden box is made. It has the ca- pacity for working up 30,000 feet of lumber per day. The product is sold chiefly in the Santa Clara Valley and in Southern California. Mr. Lake came to California in 1862 from his na- tive county, Chautauqua, New York, where he was born in October, 1843. His parents, who came to this State in 1861, both died in Alameda County. Two sisters reside on this coast. Mr. Lake married Emily Morey, in San Jose, in 1874. She is from Illi- nois. Five sons constitute their family. Mr. Lake has served one term in the Common Council of San Jose. M. McCABE, proprietor of McCabe's Hat Store, a-!'- 41 West Santa Clara Street, is one of San Jose's tmost energetic and prosperous young business men. His was the pioneer hat store in the city, having been established by J. S. Woods twenty-four years ago. Mr. McCabe started in thirteen years ago as a clerk in the establishment, and after seven years' experience in that capacity he purchased the stock, tools, fi.xtures, and good-will of his employer, and succeeded him in the business. Mr. McCabe carries a large and complete stock of head gear of the best quality, — larger, indeed, than is kept by any retail dealer in San Francisco. He also manufactures silk, and other patterns of hats to order. He is conceded to be the leading hatter in the Santa Clara Valley, and every year witnesses a growth in his business. Mr. McCabe came to California from Ireland at the age of twenty years. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., and is one of the charter members of the Young Men's Institute, an organization for mutual improve- ment and mutual benefit. ;R. THOMAS S. WHIPPLE, one of the most prominent and prosperous members of the dental profession in the Santa Clara Valley, has been in active practice in San Jose for nineteen years, and a resident of the city twenty-one years. Pie is one of New England's sons, born in Windham County, Connecticut, November 25, 1848. He was left an orphan at a very tender age, his mother having died before he was a year old, and his father when he was four years of age. A portion of his school training was received in Cortland County, New York, and the remainder in Madison County, Ohio, and San Jose, California. In 1864, while yet in his 'teens, he left the Buckeye State, with broken health, for California, coming directly to San Jose. Dr. Whipple at once became a member of the family of Dr. C. R. Spaw, his uncle, and the pioneer dentist of San Jose; entered Dr. Spaw's office as a student, and after finishing his ap- prenticeship worked on a salary eight years. Dr. Spaw opened a dental office on the site of the present one, southeast corner of First and Santa Clara Streets, in 1858, in the building which occupied that corner previous to the erection of the elegant " Safe Deposit Block," in which the office is now located. Dr. Spaw has been in active dental practice since 1849 until the past few years, during which he has been gradually withdrawing from it; and on March i, 1877, the large and profitable business of the firm was trans- ferred to Dr. Whipple. When Dr. Whipple began to study dentistry he was several hundred dollars in debt, and while an apprentice received no salary; but, hav- ing determined to get a start in the world, he applied 396 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OP THE WORLD." himself to his chosen profession with all his energy, and at the end of the two years he came out master of it, and by working over time had earned money enough to liquidate all his indebtedness, and $250 over. The business of the office is now one of the largest in this part of the State. Dr. Whipple owns one of the finest young apricot, cherry, and prune orchards in Santa Clara County. It consists of thirty- five acres of four-year-old trees, on his sixty-five-acre tract, lying four miles east of San Jose. In 1887 the crop of fruit from three-year-old apricot trees yielded $150 per acre. Dr. Whipple has made a careful study of orchard culture, during the last four years, and hopes to make it a success. In November, 1873, Dr. Whipple was united in marriage with Miss Mary L. Flemming, a native of New York State. Frank E. and Raymond T., aged respectively twelve and three years, constitute their family. Dr. Whipple is a member of the California State Dental Association. jLBERT OLIVER HOOKER, D.D.S., is a son W) of New England, born in Vermont, March 25, 1845. After exhausting the curriculum of the district school he attended the academy at Barre, Vermont, and studied dentistry under the instruction of Dr. N. W. Gilbert, in Montpelier, a graduate of the Dental College in Harvard University. Dr. Hooker practiced as a partner with his preceptor several years, then came west and built up a very fine practice in Paw Paw, Michigan. At the end of four years his health was completely broken down and he left Mich- igan for California, his objective point being Hum- boldt County. On arriving he was but just able to walk a short distance. He purchased a hunter's out- fit and spent several weeks in the forests and mount- ains. He had expected to return to Michigan, but recuperated so rapidly under the influence of Califor- nia climate that he fell in love with the country, and, being urged by his friends living here, he decided to remain. Coming to San Jose, he bought out a dental office, and wrote to his assistant in Michigan to close up the office there and ship his goods to San Jose. It is needless to say that the Doctor has never regret- ted the change during the fourteen years of his residence here, where he says he has enjoyed this delightful climate every hour. In his dental practice Dr. Hooker has made regulating the deformities and he preservation of the natural teeth a specialty. He is acknowledged to be one of the most skillful oper- ating dentists on the coast. In 1870 Dr. Hooker married Marion Abott, a natiye of New York, and daughter of Rev. G. S. and Eloise Miles Abott, of literary note, whose pseudonym is "Oriole." They have a family of two daughters and two sons. ilLLIAM HENRY GREEN is a native of En- - . gland, born November 22, 1847, and attended f school there. He came to the United States and to San Jose in 1870. Three years later he commenced business on his own account, and is now the proprietor of the St. James Hotel saloon. He married Margaret Sullivan, a native of Massachusetts, on May 24, 1877. They have no children, but have a nephew — wife's sister's son, Lionel Lawlor — four- teen years of age, whom they are rearing and edu- cating. Mr. Green is a great lover of books, and has a fine private library, embracing the works of many of the standard authors, and bound volumes of the best current periodicals. ^^HARLES C. COOK came across the plains with ^^ his wife and one child, a daughter, to Cali- (2jl> fornia in 1852. Leaving their home in Farming- ton, Van Buren County, Iowa, April 12, they crossed the Missouri River where Omaha now stands about May 10. No town was there then. They arrived at Soda Springs, on Bear River, in Idaho, July 4. On reaching Humboldt River they were ad- vised to come by the way of the Honey Lake Valley, which they did, and traveled 300 miles through an unbroken wilderness with no guide save a dim trail made by the passage of a few pack animals. The company of which Mr. Cook and family formed a part was the first to bring wagons into the Honey Creek Valley. The Sacramento Valley was reached at Fort Redding, August 20. Mr. Cook sold his team at Shasta, took the stage for Grass Valley, and there settled and engaged in mining, in company with seven others, opening the Eureka Slide Mine, which they worked two years. It yielded an ounce of gold per day to the man. In 1854 he removed to Dutch Flat, and after spending a few months prospecting, living in a two-roomed tent, he and his family, consisting of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 397 wife and two children, rode on horseb"ack — he carrying one child and his wife the other — through North Fork Caiion, near Cape Horn, on the American River, to Iowa Hill, where they remained four years, a part of which time Mr. Cook, being a carpenter, worked at his trade. His wife's health failing, they came to San Jose in 1858, where, ten years later, Mrs. Cook died. During this time Mr. Cook was engaged in the con- tracting and building business. Among the structures he erected are several churches, and the first building at the present site of the University of the Pacific, for wh^ich he drew a part of the plans. Much of the material used in many of these early buildings was transported from San Francisco on schooners and wagons. Mr. Cook's old love for mining has not for- saken him, and he occasionally spends a few months in the mines, as superintendent, or in other capacity. Mr. Cook was born in Bartholomew County, In- diana, in 1825; went to Iowa in 1844, and married there a Miss Burnham. He has three sons and two daughters by his first wife, all of adult age, and living on the Pacific Coast. He married his present wife in Kearney, Nebraska. She is a native of Maine, but resided most of her life in La Salle County, Illinois, moving from there in 1 871, to Nebraska, and to Cali- fornia in 1877. She has a son and two daughters by her former husband, Mr. Drew, all settled in life and prospering. Her maiden name was Greenleaf Mr. Cook's beautiful homestead, on North Fourteenth Street, comprises two acres, mostly devoted to choice varieties of fruit, in bearing. Mr. Cook has been an official member of the Methodist Episcopal Church many years, and for fourteen years leader of the church choir. ^EORGE M. JARVIS, the President and founder ^ of the G. M. Jarvis Wine and Brandy Company, ■y^ planted his first vineyard on the foot-hills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, overlooking the Santa Clara Valley, in i860; and it subsequently became one of the finest vineyards in California. From that time to the present Mr. Jarvis has been interested in grape-culture and wine-making, and is now at the head of one of the largest grape-growing and wine- manufacturing firms in the United States. When he arrived on this coast in the year above named, grape- growing in California was in its infancy. A few kinds had been brought here and planted by the Mis- sion Fathers. But enough had been done to demon- strate that this State is the home of the grape, and to discover that any of the fine semi-tropical grapes of Southern Europe could be grown here. A commis- sion had been appointed by the State Legislature to go to Europe, and study grape-culture there, to ascer- tain the best varieties, gather information of the methods of making wines and brandy, and bring back with them cuttings of the choicest kinds for propaga- tion. From these Mr. Jarvis and other pioneers in viticulture secured their first vines. Since that time the vineyards have steadily extended until the vines now growing in California when all in bearing will produce fully 60,000,000 gallons of wine annually. ■Mr. Jarvis zealously applied himself to the study of wine-grape growing, and the converting of the juice into the highest grades of wine and brandies. Soon the superiority of his goods began to be recognized. Besides taking first prizes at the local and State fairs on this coast, he was awarded the first premium for the best and purest brandy over all competitors at the New Orleans World's Exposition in 1885-86. His brandy was analyzed by the faculty of the Chicago Medical College before the medical class, and was pronounced by that learned body the purest and best brandy ever manufactured in the United States. The business grew to such proportions that Mr. Jarvis de- cided to merge it into a corporation, and the G. M. Jarvis Co. was organized in 1885, under the State laws of Illinois. The principal depository and sales-house of the company is in Chicago. The plants for manu- facturing are situated in Santa Clara and San Jose. In 1887 they made 250,000 gallons of wines, and 500 barrels of brandy of 50 gallons each; and they expect to enlarge their plants and increase their product from year to year. Their goods are sold quite extensively in Kansas City, Omaha, St. Paul, and other principal cities of this country. George M. Jarvis was born in Savanna, Georgia, April 8, 1828, and reared in Edgar County, Illinois. He was educated for a physician, but soon after leav- ing college he and some college chums concluded to seek their fortunes in the mines rather than in the pill- bags, and started for the gold mines of Australia in 1853. They sailed on the ship Euphrasia, Captain Smith, with 500 passengers, bound for Melbourne. A stop of a month in Brazil, and another at the Cape of Good Hope, prolonged the journey to six months. Mr. Jarvis spent six years in the mines, with satisfac- tory success. While there he married an English lady, Miss Anna Cook, in 1859, whom lie brought to CaUfornia with him by the way of Sydney, New Zealand, and the 398 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Sandwich Islands, in i860. Mrs. Jarvis died in 1884, leaving eleven children. A year later Mr. Jarvis mar- ried Mrs. Major Norris, whose former hu.sband died in the United States Army. After his death, President Grant appointed the widow Postmistress of San An- tonio, Texas, which office she filled with marked abil- ity. She has one son by Major Norris. Mr. and Mrs. Jarvis reside in Santa Clara. ?0L. AUGUSTUS G. BENNETT came to Cal- -^J ifornia and to San Jose in 1875. Forming a (3H= partnership with his brother, J. S. Bennett, who had come a year before, they began the manu- facture and sale of household furniture at wholesale and retail. The subject of this sketch still continues in the business, as a partner with J. C. Gerichs and Frank J. Burkholder, under the title of the San Jose Furniture Manufacturing Company. Their line of manufacture is chiefly in chamber, library, and office furniture, and wood mantels. They also carry on fine upholstery in all its branches. Their goods are shipped to all parts of California. The product and sales in 1887 were sixty per cent larger than those of any previous year, reaching a hundred thousand dol- lars. In 1888 they will be still heavier. The firm has experienced three disastrous fires, involving a loss of nearly $40,000, none of them originating on their premises. In August, 1 861, Colonel Bennett enlisted in the United States Army as a private in the Eight3^-first New York Infantry. He was mustered as First Lieu- tenant, and was promoted to the Captaincy of Com- pany B, within three months thereafter. He served in the Peninsular campaign under Gen. George B. McClellan. His regiment lay at Yorktown until Jan- uary, 1863, and was then ordered South, and joined the Eighteenth Army Corps, Gen. J. G. Foster com- manding. In April, 1863, Captain Bennett tendered his services to recruit a regiment of colored troops, which was accepted, and he raised the Twenty-first Regiment U. S. (Colored) Troops, and was made its Lieutenant-Colonel, but had active command of it through the three full years of its service. Colonel Bennett being in command at Morris Island when General Sherman was pressing General Hardy, after the latter had left Charleston, Colonel Bennett ar- ranged his forces for aggressive warfare, and demanded the surrender of that city, which was granted to him on the eighteenth of February, 1865. He declared martial law, and at once assumed command of the city. The Colonel was honorably discharged from the service April 25, 1866. Colonel Bennett was born in Oneida County, New York, in 1836. Being left an orphan in early child- hood, he has been self-dependent since nine years of age. He attended school and grew to man's estate in New York. After the close of the war he married Miss Mary E. Jones, daughter of the chaplain of his regiment, in March, 1867. They spent a little more than a year in South Carolina, then settled in Jersey City, New Jersey, remaining there until they came to California. Mrs. Bennett has been a promoter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union on the Pacific Coast, and has been three times chosen President of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of San Jose, which has a membership of over 300. Colonel Bennett has served in the San Jose City Council, and is now a member of the Board of Education. He has also held the office of Senior Vice-Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of California, and has been Commander of Phil. Sheri- dan Post, No. 7, and of John A. Dix Post, No. 42, Department of California G. A. R. -^##^- LBERT B. McNEIL, proprietor of McNeil tp) Brothers' Printing and Publishing House, estab- lished the business, in connection with a younger brother, in 1878. In 1881 he purchased his brother's interest, the firm name remaining unchanged. The establishment is the largest in the Santa Clara Valley, and is finely equipped with first-class material and printing and binding machinery for executing work in the highest style of the art. All kinds of printing and binding are done, but Mr. McNeil makes a specialty of druggists' labels, fruit labels, and every- thing in fine-color label work. Fifteen thousand dol- lars' worth of the latest improved machinery was added to the plant last spring, making it one of the most complete establishments of its class in the State. A feature of the business is book-binding and blank- book manufacturing of superior class. The quality of work done is attested by the numerous first prizes awarded to it at fairs and expositions where it has been exhibited on this coast. Albert B. McNeil was born in Sandusky, Ohio, Au- gust II, 1850. When he was nine years of age his mother died, leaving him and three younger brothers, who lived for some time with relatives at Unionville, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 399 Lake County, Ohio. His father married again and resided in Mattoon, Illinois, until 1 866, when young McNeil went to Chicago to finish the printer's trade. While thus engaged he corresponded for several news- papers, and was afterwards employed on the Chicago Times as a local writer and special correspondent. After traveling quite extensively through the Eastern and Southern States, he came by the way of New Orleans to California in 1876, and at once secured a position as Assistant Editor of the San Jose Mercury, which place he filled two years, and until engaging in business for himself. Then forming a partnership with his brother, they began the printing business, and for a time published the San Jose Republic, an eight-page weekly paper. Not proving a successful venture, it was suspended, and the concern run as a job office only. The business employs from twenty- five to thirty skilled hands the year round. Mr. McNeil was united in marriage, November 30, 1882, with Miss Sarah E. Holland, a former teacher in the public schools of San Jose, whose parents reside near Evergreen, in this county. She was born in Newark, New Jersey, November 19, 1859, and has resided continuously in this county since i860. D. HATMAN, the senior member of the firm of Hatman & Normandin, is a German by na- tivity, and learned the trade of carriage-maker in his native land. After completing his apprentice- ship he came to America, in 1867, arriving before his eighteenth birthday. He worked three years and a half at his trade in Ohio and Indiana as a journey- man before coming to California. On reaching San Jose in 1 871, he again resumed his trade as a "jour.," until 1873, when, entering into partnership with A. Normandin, they started the carriage manufactory of Hatman & Normandin, on West Santa Clara Street, between San Pedro and Orchard Streets. Their bus- iness, for the first eight years, was confined to the manufacture of fine carriages, buggies, and wagons, and grew to important dimensions. In 1881 the firm began dealing in carriages and buggies of the best Eastern factories, of which they now carry a large stock and have an extensive trade. They employ a force of skilled artisans, who are divided between new work and repairing in the several departments of the business. The proprietors are both thorough- going business men, and by their combined efforts increase the volume of their trade each year. After arriving on the Pacific slope, Mr. Hatman traveled over the principal parts of California on horseback, seeking the most desirable point to locate. Pie selected San Jose, and has never regretted his choice. In 1873 Mr. Hatman was united in marriage with Miss Dora Messing, a lady of German parent- age, but born here, whose parents reside in San Jose. Mr. Hatman is a member of the Masonic Order. -^5=^=i.5. gR. NORMAN KLEIN is one of the pioneers in the dental profession in Santa Clara County, having practiced dentistry here nearly thirty years. He is the son of New York parents, but was born near Woodstock, Canada, in 1833. Soon after his birth his father purchased a large quantity of land from the Indians through their agents (Keating & Jones) on the Walpole Islands, and moved there. But through the treachery and dishonesty of the agents, he and others who had bought land of them, were driven off and lost their entire investment. In 1841 he removed across the St. Clair River and settled in St. Clair County, Michigan, where he still lives, at the ripe age of 92 years. Dr. Klein was educated in Union College, Schenectady, New York, where he was at school nearly six years, but just before gradu- ating left school, to come to the Pacific Coast. Con- fiding his intentions to a class-mate, E. H. Heacock — since Judge in this State — the latter at once declared his intention to join young Klein; and they, in com- pany with William Erkson, now of San Jose, started, on the twenty-second of April, 1852, to cross the plains to the far West. Two other young men of Schenectady joined them, and the five came through together. Their destination was Oregon, but some people .from Louisville, Kentucky, who crossed the plains with them, were bound for California, and when they reached a point where the roads parted a vote was taken which resulted in favor of California, and the whole party came to the Golden State. In the spring of 1853 Mr. Klein began to study law in the office of Smith & Hardy, in Sacramento, and continued till July, 1855. He then went to the town of Volcano and opened a law office, next door to a dentist named Kelley. They became intimate friends, and Attorney Klein being somewhat mechanical in his tastes, frequently observed and studied his neigh- bor's work, and after a time assisted him occasionally on plate work. Thus he incidentally cultivated a lik- ing for dentistry, began studying with a purpose, and 400 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE- WORLD.' finally abandoned the law practice and decided to open a dental office, which he did in the spring of 1859, in Santa Clara. In 1862 he removed to San Jose, where he has been in active practice ever since, and has a large and lucrative business. In i860 Dr. Klein and Miss Belle Taylor were mar- ried, in Santa Clara, Mrs. Klein is a native of Connecticut. pMABLE NORMANDIN, of the carriage man- Ats ufacturing firm of Hatman & Normandin, of French parentage, was born in Canada in 1852. He attended school and learned tl e trade of blacksmith in his native country. At eighteen years of age he came to California, and worked three years at his trade in San Francisco, learning to speak the English language after his arrival. In 1873 Mr. Normandin located at San Jose, and, after working a year as a journeyman, entered into partnership with F. D. Hatman, and engaged in the manufacture of carriages, buggies, and wagons. Their career has been a very successful, one, and the firm's business now ranks among the first in the Santa Clara Valley in its line, both in the amount and quality of stock carried and in the magnitude of trade handled. Mr. Normandin and Miss Salina Pinard were mar- ried in 1878. Mrs. Normandin is also a native of Canada, but came to California in early childhood. They have one child, Louis, six years of age. Mr. Normandin is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. ^--^^#=#^^ W. GILLESPIE, Secretary and Manager of the San Jose Brush Electric Light Company, fis a native of California, born in January, 1859, in the city of San Francisco, both of his par- ents being Scotch. His father, Archibald Gillespie, came to California in 1849, during the early mining excitement, pursuing his trade as a blacksmith in the mines, also in San Francisco, but is now retired in San Jose. W. W. Gillespie served an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade, and worked at it a number of years; but when the science of electricity began to develop, his attention was turned in that direction, and he be- gan the study of that branch of the science which deals with the practical uses of electricity. He be- came associated with the Electric Light Company at San Jose upon its organization, which was among the first companies in California to take up the business. He assumed charge of the engines and electrical ap- paratus for about two years. In 1884 he severed his connection with the company, but in 1885 he again became associated with them, assuming the position of Secretary and Manager, the position which he now holds. Anyone visiting the office and machinery buildings at No. 52 North Fourth Street, and inspect- ing the splendid equipment and the perfection of its workings, are forced to the conclusion that Mr. Gil- lespie is a thoroughly practical man, and master of the situation. This company has one of the largest and most complete plants on the Pacific Coast. .ORHAM P. BEAL came from Erie County, > New York, to California in 1854, arriving in Oc- y^ tober of that year. For eight years he devoted his attention to mining, and in this occupation he was moderately successful. After five years of bachelorhood in the Golden State, he returned to his native county and married Miss H. L. Hawks, also a native of New York State. After their marriage Mr. Beal and his bride started for their wild Western home in the mining district of Placer County. Mrs. Beal declares that those three years spent in rough- ing it in the rude mining town, going to church at the call of an old-fashioned dinner-horn, with no other means of conveyance than the back of a pony, were among the happiest of her life. After closing up his mining interests, Mr. and Mrs. Beal spent a year or two traveling through the East; returned to California in 1864, and settled on the site of their present beautiful homestead on South Sunol Street, in San Jose. The last twenty years of his life Mr. Beal divided his time beween horticulture, dealing in real estate, looking after his investments, and traveling. He and Mrs. Beal made four trips across the continent, and three times made the voyage between San Francisco and New York by water. Mr. Beal died April 26, 1887, leaving his wife and four children — two sons and two daughters: Flora, Edward, Etta, and Irving, all of whom make their home with the widow on their family homestead before mentioned. The home place consists of eight acres of fine bearing orchard, chiefly pears; and the estate embraces nine acres of splendid bearing orchard three miles from the city, in BWGUAPHW. I L SKETi HIES. 401 the Willows, consisting of cherries, apricots, and prunes. Mr. Beal was a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Baptist Church. Jr. J. H. JOSSELYN, of Burnett Township, is a native of Massachusetts, born in the city of Boston, and is a son of Marquis F. and Eunice (Sawtelle) Josselyn. Both parents sprang from old New England families. The founder of the Josselyn family in this country settled at Hanover, Massachusetts, and to him was afterward granted by the king of England the territory now embraced in the State of Maine. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was an iron founder, while his father was a large contractor. Dr. Josselyn was reared and educated in Boston, and there read medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. John Stevens. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated in the medical department of thatinstitution in 1844. From that time until 1853 he practiced his profession in Boston, and in the latter year came to California, by the Nicaragua route. Locating at San Francisco, he at once resumed his practice, and remained there until he came to this county, with the exception of a time spent in South America, where, however, he kept up his professional labors, though the trip was under- taken on account of his health. In August, 1887, he removed to his present mountain home in Santa Clara County. In April, 1874, the Doctor married Mamie E. Lock- wood, a native of Cazenovia. Dr. and Mrs. Josselyn are the parents of four children, namely: Lockwood H., Maude O., Marquis De Lafayette, and Edna. The Doctor is a member of the Sotoyome Tribe of Red Men, San Francisco, which he has represented for years in the Grand Council, of which he has also been an officer. He yet retains his membership and good standing in the Virtue and Union Lodge, A. F. & A. M., at Lima, Peru, with which he became asso- ciated while in South America. He is a Grand Ancient Odd Fellow, and a Knight of Pythias, and a member of the Order of Chosen Friends of the Pacific. He was one of the most active members and officers of the Janissaries of Light. In the days of the old Whig party he was one of its ardent sup- porters, and has been a Republican since the organ- ization of the party. The Doctor is . a progressive man, and has kept pace with the great progress made by his profession, and, after a large practice in San 51 Francisco, attended and graduated at the College of the California Medical Association. The mountain home of the family in the caflon of the Coyote is a place of great natural beauty, and is widely known as " Glen Wildwood." It is triangular in shape. Three streams, the Packwood, Coyote, and Las Animas, water the place, which, except for the canon, is entirely shut in by hills. There is an arroyo through the place, and along this is situated the buildings. There are three cottages, of three, four, and eight rooms respectively, and a large building which is as yet utilized for the family residence, but which will eventually form one of the wings of the hotel which is in contemplation, to be in the form of a Greek cross. A public house was built in 1888 by the roadside. The water of the Packwood, clear as crystal, and always cold, has been introduced into the place by means of a tunnel through the hills, 500 feet in length, and a system of water works has been constructed, the entire outlay for the improvement having been some $S,ooo. The mineral springs are a, great attraction, and very valuable; they are both sulphur and soda, and have been analyzed with the result that the waters have been demonstrated to be of great medical value. About 1,500 grape-vines have been set out, mostly Reislings, with a few Isabels and Muscats. Three hundred walnut trees will be planted in 1889, besides Mammoth chestnuts from Japan, and fruit-trees in varieties. About 1,300 olive- trees have already been planted, and many figs- Trout and other valuable fish, are here to be found in abundance, while a bathing-pool, fine in all re- spects, is no inconsiderable attraction. All in all, the place is one of the naturally favored spots of the county, and the combination of money and taste now at work will make of it one of the best known resorts in this portion of California. Four beautiful view's of the place are shown in the illustration of " Glen Wild- wood," which appears in this connection. IhEODORE W. PETERSEN has been a resident of the Pacific Coast twenty-eight years, and of San' Jose twenty-three years. Born in Denmark, in 1837, he went to sea at fourteen years of age, and passed twelve years of his life on shipboard, and rose from cabin boy to the rank of Captain. He came around Cape Horn in i860 as Second Mate on the ship Ocean Pearl. After being employed a number of years in other lines of business in this State, among 402 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." which was the conducting of the Atlantic House, in San Jose, Mr. Petersen, in 1872, engaged in the manufacture of brick on the site of his present yard, in the south part of the city between Third and Fourth Streets. He rapidly built up a large business, and subsequently established a branch yard in Mountain View. In 1883 he began to manufacture pressed brick, with superiority of quality as his motto. From the first, Petersen's pressed brick took the first rank on this coast, and at the World's Exposition in New Orleans, 1885-86, he was awarded the first prize over all competitors for the best display of pressed brick. He also has a certificate signed by the individual members of the Builders' Association of California, in which they say his pressed brick are the best made on the Pacific Coast, and commend them in very flatter- ing terms. The greatest care is exercised in the manu- facture of these goods, and no imperfect brick is allowed to leave the yard. The aluminum from which these bricks are made lies immediately below the clay used for the common brick. The superiority of Petersen's pressed brick over those of Philadelphia and other factories, which enables Mr. Petersen to sell them at a much higher price, consists in their smoothness and uniformity of color. They were used in the construc- tion of the Pioneer Building, the Odd Fellows' Hall, the Union Club House, — the finest building in the State, — the Catholic Cathedral, and other prominent structures in San Francisco, and are used for the fronts of the new City Hall in San Jose. The out- put of pressed brick is 600,000 a year, and the total annual product of Mr. Petersen's yard is about 7,000,- 000 bricks, which consumes 3,000 cords of wood in the burning, and gives employment to an average of seventy men. In 1866 Mr. Petersen married Mary Doherty, in San' Jose, whose birthplace was New York. Mr. Petersen is a member of the A. O. U. W., and of the San Jose Board of Trade. ^ ^HARLES T. HAINES was born in the city of ^^ Priiladelphia, Pennsylvania, January 28, 1838, of 0)1= Quaker parents, and educated at Westchester Institute with the design of having him enter the medical profession. He left the Quaker City and went to Baltimore to study medicine with his brother. Dr. E. R. Haines, afterward Surgeon-General of the Third Army Corps, and now living, retired, in Cincin- nati, Ohio. Not fancying medical studies, Mr. Haines | returned to Philadelphia and learned the machinists' trade. Upon completing his apprenticeship he im- mediately came West to set up the machinery for crushing quartz ore for the St. Louis Mill and Milling Company at Georgetown, Colorado, being then in his twenty-first year. After putting the mill in operation and running it about eighteen months, he returned to his native State with a view of entering the army, and enlisted as a private in Company H, of the Sixth Pennsylva- nia Cavalry, in January, 1862. March 10 they left Washington as body guard for Gen. George B. Mc- Clellan. In January, 1863, a cavalry corps was or- ganized, and the Sixth Regiment became a part of the First Brigade of the First Division of United States Cavalry, being the only volunteer regiment in the brigade. Gen. Wesley Merritt commanding the brigade, and Gen. P. H. Sheridan Corps Commander. At Frederick, Maryland, Mr. Haines was promoted to the First Lieutenancy in September, 1863, and at the battle of Brandy Station, in December of the same year, was commissioned Captain. May 26, 1864, he was promoted Major of the regiment, and four days later, at the battle of Old Church, was wounded by a gunshot, the ball striking him on the right side near the sternum, fracturing the seventh, eighth, and ninth ribs, passing through his body and coming out near the spinal column on the left side. He lay nine hours on the battle-field before receiving any attention; was then taken to the hospital, where he remained five months. On being able to leave the hospital Major Haines resigned from the army, and it was two years and eight months before he recovered sufficiently to engage in business. But, notwithstanding his terrible wound and protracted suffering, he is now apparently a healthy man. Major Haines had also some experi- ence in a Confederate prison. While on Stoneman's raid, he and eleven men in his command were captured by Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee, and were four months in Libby Prison before they were paroled. They were subsequently exchanged and joined their command. When able, Mr. Haines returned to the mills, spent a few weeks in Colorado, then accompanied a party to Montana, put up the first milling machinery in that Territory at Unionville, near Helena, and operated it nearly seven years. Leaving there he went, in 1875, as one of a company to the Black Hills, and set up and operated the first quartz mill in that country. After some experience in placer-mining, and fifteen months in working the Minnesota mine, in partner- ship with others, he traveled extensively, prospecting BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 403 for mines in Arizona, where he located several valuable mines, and is joint owner in the Home Stake mine, at Nogales, and the Hercules mine, at Crittenden, the latter place being his home when in Arizona. Mr- Haines was constructing engineer of the Crittenden Water Works, and owns a fourth interest in them. Few men in the country have had so extensive obser- vation and experience in mining as Mr. Haines, and he has few equals as a mining expert. He is spending the season in San Jose in connection with McNeil Brothers' Printing House. MIr. L. FINIGAN, office 26 South First Street, S^ San Jose, has been in active practice in the dental J^ profession over 15 years. He was born in Cin- cinnati, Ohio, in 1847, attended school and pre- pared himself for his profession in his native city. Early in 1862, when but fifteen years of age, he enlisted in the United States Army as a member of Company D, Fiftieth Ohio Infantry, and served three yeai's, being mustered out in July, 1865. At the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, he received a gun- shot wound in the right side of his head, from which wound he suffered in the hospital three months with gangrene, and was disabled for duty. Quite a scar marks the place of the wound, which came so near taking his life. Dr. Finigan came to California in L870 and engaged in his profession, and has a fine business in San Jose. He is a charter member of Enterprise Lodge, A. O. U. W., and has been twice chosen Master of the Lodge, He is also a member of Phil. Sheridan Post, No. 7, G. A. R., organized in 1878, and has served eight years as its Quartermaster, which office he now holds. The Post numbers 1 10 members in good standing. pHARLES A. JUDD, furniture and carpet mer- chant, is successor to Piatt Gregory, whose busi- ness he purchased four years ago. In 1886 his store burned, involving a considerable loss, and neces- sitating the temporary occupancy of a store room on the corner of First and San Antonio Streets. From there he removed to his present ample quarters at 133 South First Street. His stock is large and embraces a full line of household goods, parlor, dining-room, chamber, and kitchen furniture. He manufactures parlor suits, bed lounges, spring mattresses, and all kinds of upholstered i^oods, also woven-wire springs, which he sells on the installment plan, and has a large trade. He has an interest in a store at Santa Clara. Before coming to the Pacific Coast, four years ago, he carried on a retail furniture business in St. Paul, Min- nesota. Mr. Judd is a native of Massachusetts, and is thirty-five years of age. His parents moved to St Paul, Minnesota, when he was six years old, and he was educated in the city schools. On arriving at man's estate he essayed to become a farmer, and took up land claims in Southwestern Minnesota, aggregat- ing 320 acres, which he set out to improve. But after putting in five years at hard work, undergoing much hardship, and having his crops devoured by the grasshoppers, he abandoned the place, with the forty acres of timber he had planted, and all the other im- provements, and returned to St. Paul almost penni- less. His first start in the furniture business was made with $150 capital. Mr. Judd now owns also a joint interest in a fruit farm of thirty-three acres, in young bearing trees and vines, six miles from San Jose, on the Los Gatos road, valued at $400 per acre. The subject of this sketch married, while farming in Minnesota, in 1877 — the ceremony being performed on the open prairie for want of a better place — Miss Mary Surratt, a native of Illinois. They have two children : Mabel, aged ten, and Myrtle, six years old. :MIL T. NEBEN, born in New York city, Sep- tember 13, 1856, is the eldest of a family of four brothers and three sisters, children of Ernst and Helena P. (Benedike) Neben, both of German birth. His father was educated in England and at- tended art school there, also in Germany, France, and in Italy, and devoted his life to art work in oil. The subject of this sketch and his next younger brother, Ernst A., were instructed in art by their father from early boyhood, and have always followed that pursuit. Ernst A. is at the head of the art department of the National Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Phila- delpha. Emil started as a sketcher of scenery for tourist and historical publications, and fine litho- graphic work. He worked in New York, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Boston, and Cleveland, and has traveled extensively throughout the country. In 1883 he began a series of experiments which resulted in the discovery of a new process of etching on zinc 404 PEN PICTURES FLOM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD:' and copper, by which a depth of Hnes in the plate renderd it possible to print a hundred thousand copies of the etching without interruption, a great improvement over former methods. Several years ago Mr. Neben published a descrip- tion of this etching process for relief and intaglio printing, decoration of China ware, etc., which he had practiced and introduced by the aid of photog- raphy. This description, even in its most condensed form, is too prolix and technical for the general reader, but Mr. Neben will be pleased to furnish the details of the process to all inquirers. Mr. Neben was united in wedlock with Alice Cor- nelia Dauphin, January 2, 1882. Mrs. Neben is a native of Chicago, Illinois. They came to California and to San Jose in November, 1887, where Mr. Neben is pursuing his art work. His brother, Henry G., also resides in San Jose, and is one of the finest chromatic printers in this country. The mother and the rest of the family reside in New York and Phila- delphia. )ETER BALTZ was born in France on the tenth of May, 1831. At the age of seventeen he com- menced to learn the trade of baker, and after completing it, in 1853, crossed the Atlantic to the United States. Being a stranger in a strange land, and entirely dependent upon his labor for a livelihood, he experienced many trials and hardships. During the three years following his arrival he visited and worked in many of the principal Eastern cities, and in 1856 crossed the continent to California, settling in Los Angeles. The next year, 1857, he started a bakery in that place, and carried on business very suc- cessfully for five years, when he lost $15,000 by fire. Thinking to recover his fortunes in mining, he spent two years in hard, unfruitful labor, and lost over $5,000 in money in the mines. He then came to San Fran- cisco, $700 in debt, and resumed the bakery business. By diligence, energy, and economy he again got a start and made money, accumulating several thousand dollars. He then made a visit to his parents in Eu- rope for a few months, and on his return in 1869 set- tled in San Jose and opened the El Dorado Bakery, on West El Dorado Street, where he has done a prosperous business. Industry and enterprise have brought their reward to Mr. Baltz in the way of a handsome fortune. He owns over $75,000 worth of property in San Jose, has erected a large business and hotel building on West Santa Clara Street this year, costing many thousand dollars. Mr. Baltz married Miss Christine Kesser, a lady of his own country, to whom he was engaged before his emigration. Mr. Baltz is a member of the Masonic Order and of the Turnverein. i§R. FRANK L. ARGALL was born in Cornwall, England, thirty-six years ago this August (1888); came to the United States in 1869, and to Cali- fornia in 1874, living meantime in New Jersey. Dr. Argall came immediately to San Jose, and, after at- tending school two years at the University of the Pacific, went into the office of Dr. J. N. Prather, to study dentistry. In 1883 he opened a dental ofifice, and has since been engaged in active practice by him- self About three years ago Dr. William J. Younger, of San Francisco, made a very important discovery in the science of dentistry by demonstrating the feasi- bility of the transplantation of teeth. It consists of boring out or preparing the cavity from which has been extracted a decayed tooth, or from which a tooth has been lost by any means, and inserting a healthy tooth, on which the pericementum, or membranous covering, has not been destroyed. When the work is properly done, even though the tooth transplanted may have been extracted months or even years before, a healthy union at once begins to take place with the organs of the alveolar cavity, and in a few months the tooth becomes as solid and firmly attached as the natural teeth which have never been disturbed. Some of these transplanted teeth put in by Dr. Younger have been used over twelve years, and are a perfect success. Within the past year Dr. Argall has given special attention to this valuable new feature in den- tistry, and has performed several operations in trans- planting teeth. A few months since he extracted the superior left lateral incisor tooth, which was too badly decayed to be filled, from the mouth of a young man, and in its place implanted the corresponding tooth extracted from a lady's mouth nearly three months before. Nature began to form the union, and in a short time the implanted tooth was nearly as firm as his others. This wonderful discovery in dental science demonstrates the tenacity of life possessed by the peridental membrane environing the teeth. Dr. Ar- gall also performs all classes of professional dental work according to the most advanced methods of the science, among which is building new crowns on healthy roots. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 406 Dr. Argall is the fifth of eight living brothers, two of whom are in Australia, and the rest in this country. His mother resides in San Jose. Dr. Argall was married June 27, 1888, to Miss Ella M. Bent, of San Jose. POHN CHRISTIAN, inventor and manufacturer ista °f "The Diamond Thresher Teeth," has been a third of a century. ^^ citizen of San Jose nearly a Having come to California in 1855, he located here the following year and began learning the trade of making cylinder teeth for threshing-machines in the shop of McKenzie, known as the San Jose Foundry. After finishing the trade, he worked a year as a journeyman, and then opened business on the site of his present manufactory, northeast corner of First and William Streets. Mr. Christian is the inventor, pat- entee and maker of the steel-laid cylinder teeth. The body of the tooth is constructed of the best Norway iron and the wearing edge of fine cast steel, which gives it double the lasting qualities of any other thresher teeth. Mr. Christian has an actual demon- stration of the remarkable endurance of these teeth in a set on exhibition in his shop which has threshed 70,000 sacks of grain of 140 pounds each. His goods are sold extensively all over the Pacific Coast. His factory is equipped with the finest machinery for the purpose, all of which, including the large steam en- gine that furnishes the power, was made by Mr. Chris- tian himself The factory has a capacity of two thou- sand teeth per day. Mr. Christian was born in 1840 on the Isle of Man; came to New York just after passing his fifteenth birthday, and has fought the battle of life unaided since. In 1864 he married Miss Sarah L. Pierce. He has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for twenty years and of the A. O. U. W. ten years. He served eleven years in the California State Militia; lay on his arms in the armory the night that President Lincoln was assassinated. -^^- |eILLIAM GUSSEFELD is a native of Prussia, a^ Germany, where he was born February 7, 1850. e^jB He commenced his apprenticeship, as a tailor, at the age of fourteen, and, after working the requisite number of years as an apprentice, and one year as a "jour.," he started for this country, landing on American soil March 22, 1869. After a circuit of the principal places of the East and South, he re- turned to New York city, took a six months' course in the art of cutting, and in 1872 embarked in busi- ness for himself at Wappinger's Falls, New York. He sent for his parents in Germany, who still reside at Wappinger's Falls. On February 21, 1875, Mr. Gussefeld came to San Francisco, where, on October 25, he married Miss Josephine Janzen, of New Orleans. On October 26, 187s, they chose San Jose, California, as their future dwelling-place, where they now reside, at No. 267 Orchard Street, and own their own house, and are thoroughly satisfied with the Golden West. They have two daughters: Clara, aged twelve, Alice, ten, and a son, Willie, aged seven. Mr. Gussefeld carries on the business of merchant tailoring, at No. 64 South First Street, San Jose, and informs us that his trade is as satisfactory as he can wish for, being a steady, growing business, requiring the constant service of from eight to twelve experi- enced tailors the year around. Mr. Gussefeld attends to all his own cutting and fitting, and is in direct com- munication with the Eastern importers and fashion framers, and carries a stock of goods in perfect keep- ing with the fashion and season. He studies to meet the wishes of his patrons, and to this end has devoted his entire life, from the age of fourteen to the present, to the careful study of his business, never letting a year elapse without a trip to some leading and fash- ionable city, to study the advancement and evolution of his art. H. KOOSER, one of the men who came to Cali- fornia in its pioneer days, dates his birth in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, September 9, 1827. His father, Jacob S. Kooser, was born in Pennsylvania, of German parentage on the paternal side. His mother, Ellen (Park) Kooser, was a daugh- ter of Benjamin Park, one of the heroes of the Revo- lution. She died when the subject of our sketch was but three years old. He was early inured to hard labor on his father's farm, and when fifteen years of age concluded that he could do better for himself by learning a trade. Accordingly he left the old home, and bound himself as an apprentice to a wagon-maker. At twenty-one years of age he had become master of his trade, and left Pennsylvania with the intention of coming to California; but at St. Louis, learning of the 406 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." prevalence of cholera on the Missouri River that sea- son (1849), he decided to defer for the time further travel westward. He went from there to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he was engaged on the construction of the first permanent loch and dam ever erected on the Cedar River at that point. At the close of the season he returned East, and the following year came to Cali- fornia by way of the Isthmus. The journey was a slow and vexatious one, but was accomplished in a shorter time, and perhaps with less danger, than an overland trip. Landing at San Francisco, Mr. Kooser took an early opportunity to visit, at Monterey, his brother, Mr. Benjamin P. Kooser, who came to the State as a member of Company F, of Colonel Stevenson's Regi- ment, in 1846, and served throughout the Mexican War, and was still in the service, being stationed at that place. After a visit with him, the subject of our sketch spent a short time at Chinese Camp and Indian Gulch mines, but soon commenced work at his trade in Monterey. In 1851 he again engaged in mining for a short time, after which he entered, as a mechanic, the United States service, accompanying an expedi- tion against hostile Indians at the head of the San Joaquin Valley, where he helped to build a fort. Later in that year (185 1), Mr. Kooser entered the employ, as a mechanic, of the New Almaden Quicksilver Mining Company, where he remained fifteen years, receiving large wages, and always retaining the confi- dence of his employers. His earnings for the first few years were, as he supposed, carefully invested, but he lost $4,000 in loans which were never repaid. During the two or three years in which the quick- silver mines were closed on account of litigation growing out of a contest for the possession of the property, Mr. Kooser invested a portion of his money in stock-raising in San Luis Obispo County. The undertaking proved a disastrous one, for the drought of 1864 brought a total loss of his stock, and the en- terprise which had looked so promising when pro- jected in 1857 came to naught. In 1866 he com- menced the improvement of 200 acres of land on the Almaden road, three miles north of New Almaden, and there made his home for several years. The real estate he yet owns, but for a long time it has been occupied by renters. His present fine residence nn the Almaden road, six miles from San Jose, was taken possession of in 1877. The buildings are of the best class, comfort and convenience being consulted in their construction, with little or no regard for the cost. The home, sur- rounded by beautiful grounds, is approached by an avenue, 250 yards in length, shaded by evergreens. The estate contains 120 acres of the choicest valley land. Mr. Kooser also owns a fine dairy farm of 150 acres in Monterey County, and, beside some business property in San Jose, about twenty-five houses and lots in that city. His active life, in connection with his splendid business qualifications, has enabled him, in spite of losses sufficiently large to have broken down any man not possessed of his indomitable will, to acquire large wealth. He has been entirely the architect of his own fortune, and in his case industry and frugality have been well rewarded. On the eighth of April, 1871, Mr. Kooser wedded Miss Lena McAbee, who was born in Franklin County, New York, September 24, 1850. She is the mother of five children, viz.: Emma, Newton (deceased), Herman B., Lulu May, and Norman B. Mr. Kooser's father, after spending the best part of his life on the sterile hills of Somerset County, Penn- sylvania, came as far west as Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where his life closed January 25, 1872. In the early days, our subject was a Whig and a devoted admirer of Henry Clay, and, since the organ- ization of the Republican party, has been an active member of it. He has illustrated by his life-work what can be done in this gracious land, by a man possessed of energy and thrift, combined with good common sense in management. ^SeRSIE F. lord was born in Penobscot (r^s= County, Maine, in 1852. His father, Jacob H. igj Lord (whose sketch appears in this history), and mother, Caroline (Littlefield) Lord, were both natives of Maine. Hersie F. Lord was reared on a farm in Wisconsin, to which place his father moved in 1854. When he was seventeen years of age he entered into mercantile pursuits at River Falls, Pierce County, Wisconsin, and in 1881, in partnership with his father, he opened a general merchandise store, which they successfully conducted until 1886, in which year he located at Minneapolis, Minnesota, remaining there but a year. In 1887 he came to California and located in Santa Clara County, purchasing twenty acres of land from James H. Stonier on the Hostetter road, in the Eagle School District, about three and one-half miles northeast of San Jose. Upon this land Mr. Lord has erected a handsome cottage residence, styled the "Minnesota Twins," and Well-ordered out- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 407 buildings; he has also planted twelve acres in orchard, the trees being peaches, prunes; and apricots, with also a few trees of other varieties. The balance of his land is devoted to hay and grain; his hay in 1888 averaged four and one-half tons per acre, which was grown without irrigation! Mr. Lord brings to his new calling as an orchardist, well-trained business habits and a love for the work, which will undoubt- edly do much toward insuring his success. In 1873 Mr. Lord married Miss Augusta B. Cross- man, daughter of Clark H. and Amelia C. Cross- man, natives and residents of Niagara County, New York. From this marriage two children have been born, viz.: Adella H. and Cleon H. Mr. Lord is a member of the I. O. O. F. In politics he is a Demo- crat, but still exhibits an intelligent liberality in the exercise of his franchise. Harris SNEDAKER, a citizen of the Hamil- - - ton District, lives on Fruit Vale Avenue, near IS) the Meridian road. He has been a resident of Santa Clara County since November, 1875, having lived in San Jose from that time until the spring of 1884, when he removed his family to their present home. The home property, owned by his son, Edwin H. Snedaker, contains nine and one-tenth acres, which yields a general variety of fruit, of which prunes form the largest part. In 18S7 twelve and one-half tons of apricots were sold from 119 trees, six years old, or, in other words, that was the crop of one and one-tenth acres, and from this large yield was realized the sum of $375. Mary Alice Snedaker, his daughter, owns a tract of twelve acres on Naglee Avenue, in the same district, for which she paid from money earned in school-teaching. This thrifty or- chard is six years old, and produces apricots, prunes; and Bartlett pears. Both places have been converted from stubble-fields into profitable orchards by the family, who may well feel that their efforts have met with deserved success. Mr. Snedaker is a native of Brown County, Ohio, where he was born October 13, 1825. On the twenty- eighth of October, 1849, he married, in that county. Miss Tamar Purdum, who is also a native of Brown County. Determined to seek their fortunes in the great unknown West, they started on the day follow- ing their marriage with a team and wagon (and but little capital) for Illinois, the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton being the only railroad anywhere in the West at the time. They lived for a short time in Putnam County, of that State, and in the following year bought eighty acres in Eden Township, La Salle County, Illinois. In this new, undeveloped country they created, by industry and hard labor, a comfortable home, in which they lived for fifteen years. Their children having reached an age which made it advisable that they should receive better educational advantages than the country afforded, Mr. Snedaker removed with his family to the village of Tonica, which is situated in the same county. There they lived until, in 1874, they came to California, and after one year's residence in Santa Barbara they lived in San Jose until, as stated at the beginning of this sketch, they made Santa Clara County their home. Mr. and Mrs. Snedaker have three children: Mary Alice makes her home with her parents; Edwin H. is now a resident of Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County. He held the responsible position of ticket agent and operator, in the employ of the Southern Pacific Railroad at San Jose, for seven years. Leav- ing the railroad employ, he was engaged for two years in the livery business in San Jose. In 1884 he again entered the employ of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, and is now its agent at Paso Robles. He wedded Miss Lizzie L. Marshall. The remaining daughter, Eunice I., is the wifeof Judson Rice, of San Jose, an architect of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company. Mr. Snedaker is connected with the Republican party, and of Whig antecedents. 1^ M. RIGHTER, whose home, in the Flamilton ^^ District, is situated a short distance north of T Campbell Avenue, was born near Indianapolis, Indiana, March 4, 1843. He is the son of George G. and Salome (Kilbourne) Righter, his father being a native of Virginia and his mother of Ohio. He was left an orphan while a youth, his father dying in i860, and his mother following her husband the succeeding year. Mr. Righter attended the public schools near Indianapolis, and afterward the National Normal School, near Cincinnati, Ohio, at which institution he graduated in 1873. Directly after graduation, he came to California, and, after spending a short time in teaching in Los Angeles County, went to Solano County, where for nine years he followed the profes- sion of teaching. In the spring of 1882 he came to 408 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Santa Clara County, and soon after bought his present home. The property, for which he paid $i8o per acre, had then just been set to trees. It contained a frac- tion more than ten acres, nine of which were planted with apricot trees ('principally Hemshirks, with a few Moorparks), while one acre was devoted to the pro- duction of peaches and grapes. That the orchard has received good care is shown by the fact that in 1887 the apricot trees, then five years old, yielded fifty tons of fruit, which was sold for a little more than $1,600. Mr. Righter still continued teaching after coming to this county, being engaged first in Franklin District, and later in Mayfield, San Jose, and Saratoga Dis- tricts. His last school, which was in Saratoga District, closed in June, 1887. He at once returned to Ohio, and on the twenty-eighth of that month married Miss Belle Lutes, the daughter of A. J. and Lavinia Lutes, who reside near Cincinnati, where Mrs. Righter was born. Returning to California with his bride, the sub- ject of our sketch immediately took possession of his fine fruit ranch, to the care of which he has since de- voted his time. In politics Mr. Righter is an independent. He is connected with the Masonic Order, being a member of San Jose Lodge, No. 10, and also of Howard Chap- ter, No. 14, both of San Jose. He beheves in the desirability, and, what is more, in the practicability, of the union in one church of all the evangelical churches, and in consequence of this belief is a member of the " Christian Union," an organization which has for its object this result. Mr. Righter's successful career as a teacher for so many years in this State, and the education and qualities which have made him a success in his chosen profession, have won for him the respect of the community in which he makes his home. --^^%^^- ^^HOMAS SHANNON. The subject of this G^'s sketch settled among the foot-hills of Union (2>= District near his present residence, and on the same quarter-section of land, in 1866, obtaining a title to his land under the homestead laws of the United States Government. He was born in Jeffer- son County, Ohio, January 2?, 1825, but was reared in Coshocton County, same State. Reaching man- hood about the time the Mexican War demanded volunteers, he enlisted in Company B, Third Ohio Volunteers, in June, 1846. The regiment joined the army under General Taylor. The service was for twelve months, and after receiving an honorable dis- charge at New Orleans, Mr. Shannon went to Knox County, Illinois, with the intention of making it his home, but remained there less than two years. Suf- fering from disease contracted in Mexico, and think- ing that a change of climate might be beneficial, he joined a party of gold-seekers bound for California. The company was organized in Galesburg, Illinois, and called themselves the " Jayhawkers." It contained about forty or fifty men, from different parts of the county. They left Galesburg April 5, 1849, and crossing the Missouri at Council Bluffs, followed the overland trail to Salt Lake City, which they reached about the middle of August. Fearing, on account of the lateness of the season, to cross the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the party hired a Mormon guide to pilot them to Los Angeles. "Besides the Galesburg com- pany, there were hundreds of other emigrants camping around Salt Lake City, some of whom united their fortunes with Mr. Shannon's party, so that when the caravan was ready to start, which was about the last of September, it consisted of about 500 men, with 105 wagons. After proceeding some 300 miles south- ward the party divided on account of the scarcity of feed for so much stock, and thirty-four men (among them the subject of our sketch) undertook to make their way westward over the trackless desert, without guides or maps, expecting to reach the San Joaquin Valley. Of course the mountains interposed impass- able barriers, and much time was spent in trying to find a pass through them. The sufferings of the party were indescribable, the intense heat of the desert being almost unbearable. Often they saw the deceptive mirage, — in appearance from a distance a bright, sparkling lake, and in reality not water, but clay-beds where water had been evaporated by the sun. Four died from exposure and starvation, and one man wandered away from the company, and was found fifteen years later by United States troops, living with the Indians. He afterwards became a business man of San Francisco. , After months of suffering, the party, sick and worn out, found habitations on the Santa Clara River, forty miles north of Los Angeles, near the present site of Newhall. This was in February, the company having been ten months in making a journey now accom- plished in five days by the wonderful "iron horse." The survivors of this overland party of 1849 keep up an organization, which has annual meetings February 4. Several reunions have been held, in which reminis- cences both sad and merry have been brought up sad in the thought that so many of the brave men of I 'Mif^'Vi^^ '^^j. Bl GRA PIIU lA L ,Sh'J£ '1 Y lllKH. \m '49 have gone, and merry in the recollection of the many makeshifts which they were obliged to concoct to keep life in their bodies. Mr. Shannon and L. D. Stevens, of San Jose, are the only survivors of the party living in Santa Clara County. The subject of our sketch commenced mining on the Yuba River soon after reaching California, and followed the work for six years with varied success. He then spent several years in Marysville, and when the Civil War broke out he enlisted in the Seventh California, Company B, in October, 1864. After serving eighteen months doing frontier duty in Ari- zona, he was honorably discharged at San Francisco. He then located in this county, and held his claim for seven years, waiting for the authorities to decide whether his land was on Government or railroad land, before commencing the work of active improvement. Having sold about seventy-five acres of his original estate, he now owns eighty-five acres, which are devoted successfully to general farming with about six acres reserved for fruit and vines. In 1851 Mr. Shannon married Miss Amanda Black- ford, a native of Ohio. They have six children now living, viz.: Mrs. Mary A. Sanders, of Monterey County; Claude, Julius, and Mrs. Cassie Robinson, all residents of Los Gatos; Lulu, and Ralph, members of their father's household. The eldest child, Cassius, a railway engineer, died at El Paso, Texas. With his experience in two wars, one would natu- rally expect to find Mr. Shannon connected, as he is, with the G. A. R. organizations. He is a member of E. O. C. Ord Post, No. 82, at Los Gatos. -(S^-^« EARCELLUS ROSS, whose fine orchard and handsome residence are situated on Meridian road, between Willows and Carlos Streets, has there sixteen and three-quarters acres planted in fruit-trees, as fdllows: 500 cherries, 300 apricots, 200 peaches, 150 pears, and a variety of fruits for family use. In order to havo strong, healthy trees, capable of sustaining a full load of fruit, he has, until this year, kept them well cut back, so that hereafter he will have large crops of fine marketable fruit. Born in Pike County, Illinois, in 1824, he has seen that State develop from an immense void of prairie and timber to the vast empire it now is. Pike County then extended from the mouth of the Illinois River to the far North, including Chicago, and west to the Mississippi River. He was the first male child born 52 in Pike County. Educated first in Atlas, and later in Pittsfield, Illinois, he engaged in farming in that neighborhood, in which he continued until he entered the Union army, in August, 1862, when he was com- missioned, by Governor Yates, Adjutant of the Ninety- ninth Illinois Infantry. In this regiment he cam- paigned in Southwestern Missouri, under General War- ren, until his health failed, compelling him to return to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1863, suffering from dis- ability incurred in service, and was there mustered out. He returned to his farm, but was never again capable of the active work of the farm. He sold out in 1 88 1 and came to California, where he bought his present home, then a wheat-field, planted it imme- diately in fruit, and has since made the extensive improvements now on the place. Married, in 1848, to Miss Martha A. Kellogg, a na- tive of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. To this union were born eight children, four of whom died in infancy. Those arriving at maturity were: Henry J., now living with his father and managing the ranch; Charles K., who died in Washington Territory in 1882; Frank C, now interested in real estate with his father in Ta- coma, Washington Territory; Mattie H., now the wife of Benton A. Lewis, of Tacoma, Washington Terri- tory. Mr. Ross is, and always has been, an ardent Re- publican. Is a charter member of the John A. Dix Post, No. 42, G. A. R., of San Jose. His parents were Colonel William and Ednah Ross. The former was born in Monson, Massachusetts, in 1792; enlisted in the War of 1812, and was engaged at the Battle of Sackett's Harbor, Massachusetts; was an Ensign in the army when he removed to Pike County, Illinois, in 1820; was a Colonel in command of troops in the Black Hawk War; settled at Atlas, Illinois, in 1820;, built the first brick house there in 1821; also erected the first store building, the first grist-mill, and a band saw-mill about the same time. The first wheat raised, ground, and made into biscuit, and the first apples raised in the county, were by Colonel Ross, and the first political and first Masonic meeting were held at his house in Atlas. He removed to Pittsfield, Illinois, in 1836, where he engaged in mercantile and banking business until his death, in 1872, at the age of eighty- one years. In 1832 Colonel Ross and his son (Mar- cellus) went on a visit to Massacliusetts. In return- ing to Illinois they passed through Michigan, hav- ing chartered a coach for four persons, driving from Detroit to what is now St. Joseph, Michigan. They crossed Lake Michigan by a small steam flat- 410 PEN PICIURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF 7 HE WORLD." bottomed boat to Chicago, which was then an Indian station, comprising Fort Dearborn, two small cabins (probably trading stores), and about 500 Indians. Colonel Ross was a delegate to the convention which nominated Governor Dick Yates the War Governor, at Decatur, Illinois, in i860, and also delegate to the National Convention which nominated Abraham Lin- coln to the presidency, one week later at Chicago. President Lincoln was an intimate friend of Colonel Ross, often stopping at his house. Just as Colonel Ross and his son, the subject of this sketch, were walking to the depot, on the way to that convention at Chicago, they saw Mr. Lincoln coming in the same direction, satchel in hand, on his way to his home in Springfield. Colonel Ross waited until he came up, and said: " Mr. Lincoln, had you not better go up to Chicago and help us nominate our next President?" Mr. Lincoln answered: " My better judgment tells me I had better not." ^HARLES W. CUTLER is the owner of an ^^ orchard home on Washington Avenue, in the (3H= Willows. Born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, January 23, 1838, he is the representative of an old New England family of English origin that established their home in Connecticut in Colonial days. His grandfather, Ebenezer Cutler, was one of the pioneers of the Connecticut Western Reserve, having emigrated to that section of Ohio in 1802, when Elijah T. Cutler, the father of the subject of this sketch, was seven years of age. The family was one of sterling worth and integrity. Ebenezer Cutler was a manufacturer of wagons and vehicles of all kinds needed in pioneer days. His son, Elijah T., on reaching manhood, became interested in farming operations and in grist-mill and lumbering enterprises. He married Olive Walworth, who was born in Canaan, New Hampshire. To them were born three children: Elijah B., who is now an attorney in San Francisco; Charles W., the subject of this sketch; and Olive W., the wife of Rev. S. D. Peet, of Illinois. The parents both died in Ashtabula County. Charles W. Cutler was reared in Ohio, and educated primarily in the county schools, but was subsequently a student in Oberlin College, and still later at Powers' Institute, Bernardston, Massachusetts. But by no means did he consider his education completed by attendance upon schools. He is and ever has been a close student. Twelve years he devoted to teaching. — first in Ohio, then in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Wisconsin, having migrated to the last-named State in 1861. Devotedly loyal to the administration of Abraham Lincoln and to the Union, Mr. Cutler resigned his position as the Principal of the High School at Elk- horn, Wisconsin, to serve in the Fortieth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, a regiment so largely recruited from the ranks of students and teachers as to be called " The Students' Regiment." On returning, Mr. Cutler resumed his charge at Elkhorn, and later on filled a like position in the schools at Burlington and Green Bay, in that State. He afterward returned to Elkhorn, and again took charge of the High School. In 1869 failing health prompted him to decline a further engagement at that place, and to seek a change of climate and oc- cupation, which resulted in a two years' sojourn in Western Iowa. There he was instrumental in the es- tablishment of a new post-office, and was made Post- master of the same. In 1 87 1 Mr. Cutler came to this State, and for fourteen years filled the responsible position of cash- ier and book-keeper for a commercial house in San Francisco. Since 1885 his residence has been at the Willows. Supplementary to his small orchard inter- ests, he is conducting a general book, piano, and school-furniture trade, having his office and head- quarters at San Jose. He is a member of John A. Dix Post, No. 42, G. A. R., of San Jose, and of Fidel- ity Lodge, No. 222, I. O. O. F., of San Francisco, being a Past Grand in the latter organization. On the fifteenth of August, 1867, Mr. Cutler was united in marriage with Miss Helen L. Morse, the daughter of Samuel Morse, of Racine, Wisconsin. Mrs. Cutler is also a native of Ashtabula County, Ohio. Mabel C, their only daughter, was born in March, 1872. Well pleased with life in this healthful, sunny land, Mr. and Mrs. Cutler contemplate with satisfaction its enjoyment here under their own vine and fig-tree for the rest of their days, unless the fates otherwise de- cree. lAMES H. KELLY, one of the leading horticul- turists of Hamilton District, residing on Fruit Vale Avenue, a little west of the I'ailroad crossing, is the owner of a fine property of fifty-three acres. He was born in the State of New Hampshire, Sep- tember 28, 1827. His father, John Kelly, moved with BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 411 his family in 1836 to Monroe County, Michigan, where James H. grew to manhood on a farm, and where his parents died. He received his education at Oberlin, Ohio, from 1846 to 1850. Adventurous and enterprising, he joined, in 1850, a party about to make the overland journey to this State. Like so many others, he was tempted by visions of gold, which awaited to enrich the digger. Leaving the Missouri River on the first of April, he reached Hangtown (now called Georgetown) in Placer County, early in October, so different was the labo- rious travel by team in those days from the rapid transit accomplished by the "iron horse" of to-day. Mr. Kelly worked in the mines until February of the following year, when he went to Sacramento. Here he became engaged in freighting from Sacramento to Marysville, using a five-ton whale-boat for that pur- pose. In May of the same year, Mr. Kelly came to San Jose, where he remained until 1854. Having accumulated quite a little capital by industry, he re- turned East as far as Iowa, intending to purchase stock for this Western market. But he found prices too high and abandoned the project. He became interested in real-estate speculation, and engaged in the business for about four years. In 1858 he again returned to Michigan, and remained there until 1862. When the war cry sounded throughout the land, he followed, with thousands of brave men, to the defense of his country, enlisting August 8, 1862, in Company K, Eighteenth Michigan Volunteer Infantry. The first few months were spent in guarding lines of com- munication in Kentucky. January i, 1863, he was made chief of Military Police at Nashville, Tennes- see, acting in that capacity for seven months. On the twenty-fourth of September, 1864, Mr. Kelly was captured by the rebels at Athens, Alabama, held for a few weeks, and then exchanged. In November, 1864, he helped to defend Decatur against a three days' attack of General Hood's rebel army. Mr. Kelly participated in engagements at Danville, Kentucky, and at the following places in Alabama, Pond Springs, Curtis Wells, Courtland, Athens, and was in two engagements at Decatur, that State. En- tering the service as Sergeant, he was made Second Lieutenant November 24, 1862, First Lieutenant November 6, 1863, and for two and a half years had command of his company. He performed a soldier's duty nobly in all positions and at all times, and may well look back with pride to his record as a defender of his country. He received his discharge June 26, 1865, and returned to Michigan. During the five years following, he conducted a milling business at Monroe, Michigan. In 1870 he again came to California, with the intention of re- maining. He immediately purchased sixty acres of land, fifty-three acres of which he still owns and oc- cupies. After preparing the land, which was then a barren field, he set out an orchard, being the first man to plant a general variety of fruit-trees on the dry land west of the Willows. This work was looked upon as an experiment, and was entirely successful as far as the fruit crop was concerned. But no market for the product, in any quantity, could be found, and to save his peaches and apricots from rotting, Mr. Kelly bought hogs to eat 'them, and thus saved his first fruit crop. Forty-five acres of his land is devoted to horticulture, prunes and apricots being the principal product. The pleas- ant residence, in which he lives, was erected in 1883. In Michigan, on the twenty-first of March, 1861, he wedded Miss Priscilla Eveline Beisel, of Monroe, that State, where her mother still lives. Two sons and two daughters have been born to them. James B., the eldest, lives in San Jose ; Jonathan C. makes his home with his parents; Jennie D. is the wife of Lewis Myers, a resident of San Jose ; and Jessie E., who is still under the parental roof Mr. Kelly is a very strong Republican, and, as might be expected from his long service in the army, is interested in Grand Army doings, being a member of Phil. Sheridan Post, No. 7, G. A. R., at San Jose. |EORGE W. SNYDER resides at "Orchard M^ Homes '' in the Cambrian District, where he owns ^Yjy acres, all devoted to fruit culture. Two-thirds of the orchard comprises 200 Moorpark apricot trees, six years old, and 240 Silver prune trees of the same age. The remainder of the orchard is in French prunes, now (1888) four years old. This property Mr. Snyder bought in the autumn of 1883, that por- tion which has now reached the age of six years being in' a healthy, thrifty condition at the time of the pur- chase. In 1887 the apricot trees covering two acres yielded a crop which sold for $600, proving that the orchard has not deteriorated under Mr. Snyder's man- agement. He also owns a fine property of 5^ acres on the San Jose and Los Gatos road, about one-half mile from his residence, toward Los Gatos. This tract was purchased in January, 1888, and now com- prises 100 peach trees, which were planted in the 412 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." season of 1887, and 150 apricot and 310 French prune trees, which were set out during the present season (1888). The subject of our sketch was born in Delaware County, Ohio, on the twenty-second of February, 1848. He was reared and educated in his native county, where his father, George Snyder, died, and where his mother, Sarah A. (Sparks) Snyder, still lives. He married, in Delaware County, Miss Emma Gross, who was born in Pennsylvania. Mr. Snyder came to the Golden State to make it his home in 1881, and after spending about two years in the southern part of the State determined to settle in Santa Clara Valley, and purchased his present fine homestead. His family joined him soon after this purchase. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder have one child — Grace E., born November 28, 1877. Their careful, prudent management of their horti- cultural interests and of all the work connected with their property, insures the future prosperity of the or- chards, as well as that of their owners. But not only that they may receive profitable returns, but also on account of their love for horticulture, do they exert themselves to bring their orchards to a high standard of excellence. Enjoying the many pleasant condi- tions of a life in California, they do not find their work altogether a hard, laborious duty, but are able to take much pleasure in it. HR. JOHN P. DUDLEY. This name is worthy of enrollment among the pioneers of Santa Clara County, as the Doctor has been a resident of the county since [850. He now lives on the Alma- den road five miles from the Court House of San Jose. His birth occurred in Steuben County, New York, August i, 1822. He is the son of Moses and Mary (Atwood) Dudley. Moses Dudley was born in Portland, Maine, in 1796, and was the son of Jeremiah Dudley. The family is of English origin, and trace their American ancestry back to the historic days of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Jeremiah Dudley, the grandfather of our subject, with his large family, left for the State of Maine, and established a resi- dence in Steuben County, New York. The names of his five sons were: David, John, Moses, Thomas, and Benjamin. He had four daughters, viz.: Mehitable, who wedded Jonathan Fluent ; Lydia, who married Samuel Le Grow; Polly, who became the wife of Josiah Moore; and Louise, who remained a maiden. Descendants of the family are scattered all over the West and Northwest. Jeremiah Dudley died at the home which he had established in Steuben County, and which afterward became the home of John Dud- ley. Moses Dudley married and settled down to a farm life in the same county, and ended his days there, dying at the age of seventy-eight years. His widow still survives, and lives on the old homestead established by Jeremiah Dudley. She is cared for by her son, Henry C. Dudley. She is the mother of ten children, six of whom are now 'living. Dr. Dudley, whose name heads this sketch, is the eldest of this large family, and Mrs. Lydia F. Moulton, who resides in the Hamilton District in this county, is the youngest. The names of the others, in the order of their birth, are as follows: Mrs. Jane Aller- ton, who died in Steuben County, New York, not many years ago; Joseph, a resident of that county; Benjamin S., a resident of Medical Lake, Washing- ton Territory; Moses, Jr., a resident of Tulare County, this State; Guilford, a resident of Topeka, Kansas; and Henry, who lives in Steuben County, New York. The first-born and the eighth child died in infancy. John P. Dudley, our subject, was reared to a farm life, and early inured to the hard labor of youthful years in those days. He received the education of the public schools, and in 1843 commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Pulling, of Steuben County. He afterward attended the Geneva Medical College, and still later continued and completed his preparatory studies at Buffalo Medical University, Millard Fillmore being the President of the institution. The Doctor practiced in Buffalo from 1846 to 1849, when the tide of the gold emigration caught him in its outward flow, and brought him overland to Cali- fornia. He practiced medicine in Sacramento until June, 1850, when he went to mining on the Middle Fork of the Yuba River. In November of the same year he became a resident of Santa Clara County. On the fourth of November, 1874, the Doctor was united in marriage with Miss Lizzie L. Staniford, daughter of Horatio C. and M. Louise (Breck) Stani- ford. Her father was born in Portland, Maine, and her mother at Hartwick, Vermont. The parents were married in Allegany County, New York, in 1833. The father died at East Saginaw, Michigan, January 3, 1870, at the age of fifty-eight years, and the mother now lives with her daughter, Mrs. Dudley. Mrs. Dudley, who came from Michigan in 1873, has one brother, George B., in San Luis Obispo County, this State, and two brothers, Joseph B. and William BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 413 A., living in Michigan. Dr. and Mrs. Dudley have two daughters, Louisa and Flora. The Doctor is quite a mechanical genius, and has invented and patented a horseshoe intended to equalize the bear- ing on the hoof. If generally adopted this could not but be of great value. 5NDREW S. McWILLIAMS, one of the pio- neers of California, now resides in the city of San Jose. Mr. McWilliams dates his birth in Henry County, Kentucky, July 3, 1823. He is the so-n of William and Charlotte (Smith) McWill- iams, both of whom were born in the "Blue Grass State." He was orphaned at the early age of eighteen months. Almost of necessity, he developed an in- dependent spirit, and with it, a love of adventure. This led him, soon after the discovery of gold, to come to this State. Leaving his home in 1849, he passed, en route, through Independence, Missouri, Santa Fe, El Paso, Chihuahua, and Durango to Mazatlan, thence to San Francisco, by water. After spending nearly two years in mining and prospecting on the Middle Feather River, and Deer Creek near Nevada. Mr. McWilliams returned East, and, on the fifteenth of March, 1851, was united in marriage with Mrs. Melcena (Strode) Thompson, widow of Dr. Thomp- son, of Arrow Rock, Missouri. She was a native of St. Louis, and was reared and educated in that city. She left a home of refinement and a circle of loving friend.s, to face with her husband the dangers and hardships of a life on the frontier, for life in Napa County (where they were among the earliest settlers) was then far in advance of churches, schools, and the companionship of neighbors. Bravely and cheerfully she acted her part, and lovingly is her memory cher- ished by all who knew her. Mr. and Mrs. McWilliams returned at once to Cali- fornia, and settled in Polk Valley, Napa County, where Mr. McWilliams engaged extensively in stock business. He owned a ranch of 160 acres, and his range extended over thousands of acres. Wild ani- mals were abundant, and it required the greatest vigilance to protect his sheep and other stock. Mr. McWilliams, during his residence in the valley, killed seven grizzly bears, five California lions, and many wild-Gats. At one time his wife, while at the creek near the house, was attacked by a wild-cat and was barely rescued f/om her perilous position, by her husband, who fortunately was within hearing. During the seven years in which they made this valley their home, there was probably not a night that wild animals did not visit their corral. Mr. McWilliams' home was open to all new-comers and visitors to the valley, and many a settler has cause to remember with gratitude the hearty welcome given them by him and his wife. In 1858 Mr. McWilliams moved to Clear Lake, Lake County, which was then sparsely settled. Here, in the following year, he was bereaved by the death of his wife, at the early age of twenty -six years. She was the mother of three children. Their first- born, George Y., was born January 8, 1852. He was the first white child born west of Howell Mountain, in Napa County, and the first student from that county who advanced to the Sophomore Class of Barker College. He is now a cattle-raiser in Texas. The second child, Volney, died in infancy. The third, John, is now a wealthy stock-owner of Texas. Mr. McWilliams lived two years in Lake County, keeping from 5,000 to 10,000 sheep, which it required a constant fight to protect from the devouring beasts. He then drove his stock to Colusa County, where he lived until 1872. He had returned to Missouri, in 1866, and married Miss Sue Withers, who was born of one of the oldest families of Kentucky. She is a lineal descendant of Charles Carroll, one of the immortal signers of the Declaration of Independence. In Colusa County Mr. McWilliams owned 5,000 head of sheep, partly Merinoes, for a few of which he paid from $100 to $500 each. He says that they often grazed on the same ground with herds of wild ante- lopes. Since 1874 Mr. McWilliams has made his home at 344 South Third Street, San Jose, although much of his time has been spent in looking after his large stock interests in distant States and Territories. Since engaging in stock-raising he has wintered stock (depending entirely upon grazing) in nearly every State and Territory in the stock belt, — Califor- nia, Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, and Utah. To illustrate the changes made in grazing grounds he speaks of 1,000 wethers, dropped in Colusa County, driven to Oregon, thence to Nevada, and wintered, thence to Utah, and wintered, thence to Colorado, thence to New Mexico, and then shipped to Lexington, Missouri, fat- tened, shipped back to Denver, and slaughtered. At 414 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." one time Mr. McWilliams owned nearly 19,000 sheep in New Mexico and Nevada. In 1873 he had 4,000 head driven from Colusa County to New Mexico. He was the first to introduce fine-bred Merinoes into that Territory. On the sixth of July, 1876, his four herders, in New Mexico, were killed by the Indians, he himself fortu- nately being temporarily absent from the ranch. His horses and some other stock were run off. Mr. McWilliams owns a $10,000 residence in San Jose, and a splendid fruit ranch of forty acres in the Willow District, originally containing sixty acres, and planted by himself to but few peaches and apricots, but mostly French prunes. In addition, he owns, adjoin- ing Colusa, Colusa County, a large farm of 250 acres, sixty acres of which he has planted to peaches and apricots. This fine property is bounded on one side by the Sacramento River, and on the other by the railroad, thus making a good location for the drying establishment which he has erected there. He is a Director of the Colusa County Horticult- ural Society, which has been organized during the present year, largely through his efforts. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and his wife be- longs to the sister organization, "Eastern Star." ilCHAEL Mcdonald is the owner of a fine tract of land in the Braley District, situated on the Southern Pacific Railroad, about half a mile north of Lawrence, and north of the junction of the San Francisco road and Reed's lane. The farm comprises fifty-five acres, and is devoted entirely to the production of hay and grain. The subject of this sketch dates his birth in Wick- low County, Ireland, in 1844. His parents, John and Mary (Cullen) McDonald, were both natives of that county. His boyhood was spent in hard labor on a farm, his education, as far as book learning was con- cerned, being almost entirely neglected. In i860, being sixteen years of age, he turned his face toward the land of freedom, the United States. Landing at New York, he sought and obtained work on a farm in Westchester County, not far from the city of New York. There he remained for a few months, when he determined to try the South. He went to Mobile, Alabama, and there followed various occupations, — ■ among them that of a vegetable gardener. He ar- rived in Mobile in 1861, and was thus a resident of that city during the War of the Rebellion. Although pressed to enter the service of the Southern Confed- eracy, he successfully resisted all efforts to induce him to do so. However, he was compelled to work in the trenches of the military works erected for the defense of the city. In 1869, tired of life in the South, and desirous of bettering his financial affairs, Mr. McDonald visited California, and after some months spent in San Fran- cisco, in following various pursuits, he came to Santa Clara County. Here he went to work as a farmer for Martin Murphy. We may judge of his faithfulness from the fact that he remained in Mr. Murphy's em- ploy for over fourteen years. By hard work and economy Mr. McDonald had amassed some money, and was able to purchase, in 1883, from the estate of Schuyler B. Davis, the property which he now oc- cupies. He is well-known throughout the community in which he lives as a hard-working, industrious, and en- terprising man. He is the more entitled to credit that whatever success he has achieved in the accumulation of this world's goods is due not to education, and other early advantages, but rather to good judgment and native intelligence. Mr. McDonald was reared to farm work, and in the management of his property, which he has brought to a high state of cultivation, he has utilized the practical knowledge gained by a long experience in his business. ^^ICHARD D. FOX, proprietor of the Santa Clara Valley Nurseries, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in the year of 1852. Orphaned at an early age, he was adopted by his uncle, Bernard S. Fox, and with him commenced life in Santa Clara County, when but twelve years of age. He pursued a course of four and a half years' study at Santa Clara College, concluding in June, 1869. He then became his uncle's assistant in the management of his large nursery interests, to the ownership of which he succeeded at the death of his uncle, which oc- curred July 21, 1881. Santa Clara County, and, in- deed, the whole State, are largely indebted, for the prosperity which has followed the development of their horticultural interests, to the sagacity, enter- prise, and abiding faith in the future, of Bernard S. Fox, one of the pioneer nurserymen of the Pacific Coast. His original research and skill in develop- ing new varieties, and in adapting old ones, attracted such attention and patronage that he was compelled ■CiX/ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 415 to extend his operations until his nurseries became noted throughout the coast, not only for their ex- cellence, but also for their magnitude. Richard D. Fox, reared, educated, and trained to the business by his uncle, as his worthy successor, has maintained the long-established reputation of the nurseries, and to-day, as in the past, "From Fox Nurseries," is a guarantee of first-class goods, true to their name and excellent in condition. No establish- ment, East or West, has ever won more lasting re- nown for honorable dealing. The subject of this .sketch was united in marriage with Miss Julia Mur- phy (daughter of James Murphy and granddaughter of Martin Murphy, Sr., the pioneer of 1844) on the sixth of May, 1879. Mrs. Fox was born at the home of her parents, near her present residence, in Febru- ary, 1857. Her education was received in the schools of the county, where all of her life has been spent. (For more extended mention of the Murphy family, the reader is referred to their history in another part of this volume.) Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Fox: Bernard S., Ada R., Lilly M., and James M. Mr. Fox was one of the incorporators, and is now a principal stockholder and officer, of the California Nursery Company, an institution which was organized for the purpose of meeting the immense and growing demand for trees, which the rapid development of the fruit interests of this country has occasioned. This company owns a tract of land about 500 acres in ex- tent, near the north boundary of Santa Clara County, which is entirely devoted to this branch of the nursery business. Since the California Nursery Company has commenced operations, Mr. Fox has discontinued the growing of flruit-trees at the home nursery, devoting those grounds to the cultivation of flowers, orna- mental plants and shrubs, in which department every portion of the globe and every clime is represented. On these grounds, about two and a half miles from the Court House in San Jose, on the Milpitas road, is situated the family residence. It stands at the end of a long avenue of stately evergreens, and is sur- rounded by the original orchard planted by his uncle, B. S. Fox, while just across the road are located the bo- tanical gardens, filled with choice shrubbery and flow- ers, whose beauty attracts an almost ceaseless stream of visitors from all parts of the State. Across the Coyote River, near Wayne Station, another tract fully as large as the one mentioned, and formerly devoted to raising trees, is now converted into orchards and small-fruit farms. Mr. Fox is a member of the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society, and is much interested, not only in all that pertains to his especial branch of the bus- iness, but is also active in helping any and all enter- prises which tend to advance and build up the in- terests of Santa Clara County. .!ISS MARIA PALEN is the owner of a fine f,4/)^ orchard property of about fifteen acres, situated ^^ on McCoy Avenue, in San TomasDistrict. She purchased the property in 1882, and during the same year erected the pleasant cottage she now oc- cupies, the fruit-trees being planted the following year. The orchard chiefly comprises French prunes, yellow egg plums, apricots, and peaches, but also contains a general variety for household use. The trees are now (1888) in bearing. Miss Palen has resided in Santa Clara County since 1874, having made San Jose her home for several years. A short time before estab- lishing her present residence, she lived in the Willow District, and there improved an orchard property, which is now the residence and farm of Captain Adams and his family. The subject of our sketch was born and reared in Greene County, New York, but for several years be- fore coming to this State bad resided in Michigan. Upon becoming a resident of California, in 1874, she brought with her two young ladies, her nieces, Misses Maria J. and Hattie C. Palen. The former is now the wife of F. D. Ballard, who lives on McCoy Avenue, and is a near neighbor of Miss Palen. The latter died at the home of Miss Palen, in Oakland, where she lived a few months prior to coming to this county. Miss Palen has clearly demonstrated what can be accomplished by a woman of energy and intelligence as a horticulturist in this beautiful valley. She has succeeded admirably in every enterprise which she has undertaken, and her business management and tact have won recognition from the community in which she makes her home, as also have the many excellent traits of character which she possesses. 'RS. HELEN P. WOOD (nee Palen) makes her home with her aunt, Miss Maria Palen, on Mc- 1^ Coy Avenue. Mrs. Wood owns a fine property I of fifteen acres directly opposite that of Miss Palen, all of which is planted with fruit-trees, and the same description as to variety and age that applies to Miss Palen's orchard applies also to this one. 410 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Mrs. Wood claims New York city as her birth- place. She married, in 1871, Mr. E. B. Wood, in Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Wood came from Racine, Wisconsin, to this State in 1 881, and after one year's residence at the Willows took possession of their home on McCoy Avenue. After four years of life in their pleasant home, Mrs. Wood was left a widow, the death of her husband, from general paralysis, occurring in 1886. Mr. Wood was a man of culture, refinement, and education. He was a graduate of Hamilton College, New York, and there received the honorable degree of Ph. D. For many years he made teaching his pro- fession, being at one time Principal of the High School at Oshkosh, and at another Principal in an academy at Racine. While filling the latter high position, he found that his failing health would compel him to seek a more genial climate, and accordingly came to this State, where his life was prolonged for five years. By his death, Mrs. Wood was left with the care and training of their two children: Jessie P., now (in 1888) fifteen years of age, and Alfred E., now thirteen years of age. - when Mr. Rengstorff purchased land in Fremont Township, within one mile of the landing now bearing his name, and near where he now lives. In 1859 he commenced business at the Landing, where he erected large and substantial buildings, and was soon ranked among the leading business men of that part of Santa Clara County. The shipments of grain from his landing in the early years were enormous. All kinds of produce raised in the valley in those years found its way to market by water, and a large district on the west side of the valley made its shipping-point at Rengs- torff's Landing. The principal articles of shipment are now hay and lumber, though grain is still handled to some extent. Storage for 3,000 tons of hay and large quantities of grain and lumber is among the facilities found at the Landing. Mr. Rengstorff is largely interested in agriculture, owning six large farms, and furnishing employment for many men, al- though much of his land is rented. On one of his ranches located in the mountains in San Mateo County, there are indications of the existence of sil- ver ore and other valuable minerals. His San Mateo property contains about 1,200 acres, and is chiefly valuable for its redwood and other lumber. His fine home farm, with several farms near by, and a half interest in 500 acres near San Jose, make him one of the county's wealthy men. All his prosperity is the result of an active, energetic life of industry, com- bined with fine business qualifications. He came to this county ignorant not only of its manners and customs, but also of its language. He possessed a cash capital of $4.00— hardly sufficient for more than one day's subsistence — but rich in the possession of strong hands, a courage that nothing could daunt, a will and a purpose to dare and to do, — a working cap- ital that may well be envied. In November, 1857, Mr. Rengstorff was united in marriage with Miss Christiana Hassler, who was born in Wurtemburg, Germany. Their six children bear the^following names: John, who is engaged in busi- 418 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ness at Seattle, Washington Territory; Marie, Elise, Helena, Christine, Nanna, and Henry. The family home on the Bay road, one and a half miles north of New Mountain View, is a commodious, substantial residence, furnished throughout with all that marks the fine home of this progressive age. Nothing neces- sary to comfort, that money can procure, is found lacking. Politically, Mr. Rengstorff is identified with the Republican party. Alive to the importance of efficiency in our public schools, he is a Trustee of the Whistman District. A firm believer in the Christian religion, he is also a Trustee of the Presbyterian Church of Mountain View. ' -->Hg<^^-^-- 2^.||0HN E. ROSS, one of the early settlers of Union District, bought and took possession of his present home in 1859. He bought 280 acres that year, for the low price of $5.00 per acre, on credit. He commenced the work of improvement at once, and, to assist him in paying for the property, he sold 80 acres of it for $15 per acre. The advance in price was quite an inducement to sell. Such facts as these furnish the best of illustrations of the wonderful growth and development of the Golden State. At the present time (less than thirty years since Mr. Ross came here) the farm would be considered a very fine investment at $225 or $250 per acre. Mr. Ross was born November 11, 1822, in Holmes County, Ohio, where he lived until nineteen years of age. His father, Nathan Ross, died when he was a boy, while his mother, Sarah Ross, lived to the age of seventy-two years, and died in the adjoining county of Wayne, where he was born. From 1841 to 1850 he lived in Lee County, Iowa, where he married, in 1846, Miss Sarah E. Page, who was born in the State of Massachusetts, April 6, 1823. Three children have been born in their family : Ada, who died at the age of two years; Nathan L., who is a resident of Hamil- ton District; and Mary, who makes her home with her parents. In 1850 Mr. Ross came under the influence of the all-powerful gold excitement, and came to California, overland, spending four months en route. During the first winter he engaged in mining, in El Dorado County, at Rough and Ready. The following spring he returned to Iowa, by way of the Isthmus of Panama. But the equable climate of California drew him back to its enjoyment, and, with his wife and son, Nathan L., he left Iowa about the first of April, 1853. The long, tiresome journey with ox teams consumed six months. They spent the winter with Mr. Ross' brother James, on the Sacramento River, and in the spring came to Santa Clara Valley. The first two years here were spent in improving land, a valid title to which Mr. Ross found it would be impossible to obtain. The following two years he worked rented land, on the Los Gatos Creek. In 1859, as stated at the beginning of the sketch, Mr. Ross purchased his present ranch, which is five miles southwest of San Jose. Mr. Ross has devoted his life to agriculture, and the splendid condition of his ranch, buildings, and all the accessories of a good farm, bear testimony to the fact that he has a thorough understanding of his business. The location of his home is particularly fine, and the pride of the place is the grand old white oaks of natural growth, which shade the residence and the beautiful grounds. The farm, of 195 acres, is per- fectly adapted to tillage, and at present is devoted to general farming. Politically, Mr. Ross was identified with the Re- publican party for many years, but now he is a Pro- hibitionist. ^OYAL COTTLE, Sr., one of the pioneers of the 3^^ Willows, resides on Lincoln Avenue, between ■■■i" Pine and Malone Avenues, at the home he es- tablished in 1858. He was born in St. Charles County, Missouri, March 27, 18 10, his parents being Oliverand Charity (Low) Cottle. His father and grand- father were natives of Vermont. His grandfather and family settled in Missouri, while it was yet part of the Louisiana Province, and acquired a grant of land from the French Government, by building a mill in St. Charles County, on Garden Creek. Charity, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Tennessee. She married Oliver Cottle in Missouri. Royal Cottle was the eldest of twelve children. One brother, Ira, and one sister, Mrs. Ellen Settle, live in the Willow District, and Mrs. Cordelia Cottle, East San Jose. One brother, Oliver, resides in Tulare County, and the others are deceased. In 1833, with his mother and family (his father hav- ing died in the South with yellow fever), Mr. Cottle became one of the pioneers of Des Moines County, Iowa. There, October 12, 1841, he wedded. Miss Sarah Parker, a native of Ohio. In this State, two children were born to them, Frank, who is now a res- ident of this county, and Charles, living in Oregon. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 419 In 1847, with a party of emigrants, numbering about 100, they crossed the plains and mountains to Oregon. In that State Mr. Cottle engaged in his former voca- tion, agriculture. At the same time he had an in- terest in a small grist and saw mill. He was bereaved by the death of his wife, December 18, 1848. She was the mother of one child, born in Oregon, Sarah C, who is now the wife of Wm. W. Whitney, of this county. After the discovery of gold in this State, Mr. Cottle, in partnership with John S. David, built and opened a store fn Sacramento. They paid $700 per thousand for lumber, and $10 per day for labor. In a short time he sold his interest to his partner, and in the au- tumn of 1849 returned to Oregon. The spring of 1850 found him back in California in the mines, where he remained until the following autumn, when he again returned to Oregon. He removed from that State to San Jose in 1857. In Oregon, November 11, 1852, he married his second wife. Miss Mary Bryant. Of the four children born to them, two are living, Royal ,Jr., and Annette, Alice and Release being deceased. Soon after coming to this county, Mr. Cottle moved from San Jose to Gilroy, thence to San Benito, where he acquired a stock ranch. Disposing of this, he bought 140 acres of land, in the Willow District, and established his present home. It may be well to men- tion, in comparison with present valuation of his land, which cannot be less than $1,200 per acre, that he paid only $15 per acre for it. He retains the larger portion of his original purchase, and has added thirty acres by more recent purchases. Mr. Cottle was one of the pioneer grain-growers of his neighborhood, and became one of the earliest fruit-growers. Perhaps no finer orchard than his is to be found in the Willows. He has led an active life, and in the early days was quite prominent in public affairs. In 1853 he was elected to the Oregon Legislature. Formerly a Whig of the Henry Clay school, he natu- rally became one of the founders of the Republican party. SIrA COTTLE, one of the pioneer settlers of the OT Willows, resides on Willow Avenue, at its T junction with Minnesota Avenue, at which place he established his home in 1858. His brother. Royal Cottle, had settled in the immediate neighborhood, at his present home, a little earlier. Ira Cottle was born in St. Charles County, Missouri, October 19, 1819. His parents, Oliver and Charity (Low) Cottle, were natives of Vermont and Tennessee respectively. They were among the pioneers of St. Charles County, settling there before its acquisition by our government, under the Louisiana purchase. About 1830 the family decided to move to Texas; but before becoming settled the father died of yellow fever, and the mother, with her children, returned to Missouri. In 1833, the year of the Black Hawk War, they removed to Des Moines County, Iowa, locating on the Mississippi table-lands near Burlington. There the mother lived the rest of her life. Approaching manhood, her son Ira left Iowa, and, going to Southwestern Wisconsin, engaged in lead- mining in Grant County for about eleven years. In 1846 he married Miss Mary Ann Baker. In 1849 he engaged in farming, in Clayton County, Iowa, and in 1854 came with his wife and two children to this State, by the overland route. The elder of his children, William D., now lives near his father. Albert, the younger, died in infancy, soon after reaching this State. In the Coyote District, Mr. Cottle engaged in farming and stock-raising until 1858, when he removed to his present residence. For many years Mr. Cottle devoted his land to hay and grain raising, having bought 125 acres of the Narvaze grant, for which he paid $2,500. Among the earliest in that industry, he was also early in tree-planting. In July, 1862, his wife passed to the better life, sus- tained by the faith and hope of the Christian. Their children, born in California, are George B., who lives near his father, and Susie and Ellen (twins). Mr, Cottle married, for his second wife, Mrs. Clara C. (Chase) Smith, widow of Joseph Smith. She came to California in i860, from Rochester, New York. Mr. Cottle, in the early days, was a Henry Clay Whig, and since the organization of the Republican party he has steadfastly held to its principles. %laRANK COTTLE, who owns a fine orchard on s^ Cottle Avenue, in the Willow District, is the T subject of this sketch. This orchard, planted by himself, contains ten acres, and is equally divided between apricols and prunes. He bought the land of his father, Royal Cottle, in 1883, and .set out the trees the following year. Mr. Cottle is a thorough horticul- turist. During the past six years, in addition to the care of his own orchard, he has handled his father's 420 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." orchard, of forty acres. In 1887 from eight acres he sold 104 tons of apricots, at $30 per ton, reah'zing $3,120. From the age of fifteen years, Mr. Cottle has called Santa Clara County his home, although his ab- sences have been many in number and of years in duration. He was born in Des Moines County, Iowa, October 5, 1842, being the son of Royal and Sarah (Parker) Cottle. (For more extended history of the family, the reader is referred to the sketch of Royal Cottle, Sr.) His youth, from five to fifteen years of age, was spent in Oregon, but since 1857 his father has resided in this county, and since the following year at the Willows. Frank Cottle started in life for himself when nineteen years of age. From 1861 to 1864 he spent his time in the southern part of the State, whence he went to Idaho, where he was employed on cattle ranches up to 1868. Returning in that year to this State, he worked in the mines, in Kern County, eight or ten years. Since 1878 he has resided in this county. On January 28, 1879, he was united in marriage with Mrs. Belle (Carrothers) Larkham, daughter of Mr. Walter Carrothers, one of the men of '49. He removed from Richland County, Ohio, where Mrs. Cottle was born March 22, 1849. More than a passing mention must be made of Walter Carrothers. He left his family in Ohio, and came overland to this State, in 1850. For many years, with varied success, he followed mining in El Dorado County. He was one of the first men in the State to engage in sugar production. Commencing in Sacramento County, in 1861, in the following year he was awarded by the State Agricultural Society a silver cup for the best sugar evaporator. Some years later he was the manager of a sugar plantation on one of the Sandwich Islands. Returning to this State, he rented the Bloomfield Ranch, in this county, and en- gaged in producing sugar-cane. Finally he became convinced that the limit to Santa Clara's profitable production had been reached when it reached the sugar-cane. He brought his family from Ohio, in 1868, since which time Mrs. Cottle has resided in Cal- ifornia. His children are: Robert W., Mrs. Cottle, Mrs. Sarah Decker, Mrs. Laura A. Hudson, Mrs. Frances Kelly, and Mrs. Dora Ross, all residing in this county. At the age of sixty-one, Mr. Carrothers died, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Cottle. His widow now resides in San Jose. Mrs. Cottle's first husband, Thomas H. Larkham, died in this county, in August, 1876. By that mar- riage she has two children, Walter and Lucy. By her marriage to Mr. Cottle she has one child, Laura. Mr. Cottle, like his father, and all of his father's family, is identified with the Republican party. .^•^« ^ATEO ARNERICH, deceased, was born on ■^fif^ the island of Brazza, in the Adriatic Sea, — an island under the jurisdiction of the Austrian Government. In 1826, when fourteen years of age, he became a sailor boy, starting from Rome. He followed a sea-faring life for fourteen years, visiting every sea and ocean. He came from China to San Francisco in 1849, and never left the State of his adoption but once, when he went, in 1872, to visit the scenes and friends of his childhood days. In 1852 Mr. Arnerich came to the Santa Clara Valley, and soon after became interested in agriculture. In May, 1856, he was united in marriage with Mrs. Elizabeth (Brown) Moylan, widow of Edward Moylan. They bought property in the Narvaze grant, and opened a farm, which they occupied for twelve years. They then found that no valid title to it could be ob- tained, and so left the place, and by pre-emption and purchase secured 160 acres of choice land, which con- stitute the present family homestead in the Union District. The ranch is located in an angle of the Santa Clara and Guadaloupe road, which bounds it on the north and east. Mr. and Mrs. Arnerich commenced life on the ranch in a comfortable house, which several years ago gave place to the substantial family resi- dence of to-day. Mr. Arnerich was an active, ener- getic man, and carried forward the improvement of his property quite rapidly. The neighborhood lost in him a citizen actively interested in all movements tending to the general good. His death, which occurred May 3, 1883, was caused by injuries re- ceived in being thrown from a buggy, near his own home. His widow and her seven children, John, Catharine, Elizabeth, Mateo, Paul, Isabelle, and Mar- garet — all yet making their home with their mother, — are quite well provided for. Mrs. Arnerich was born in County Tipperary, Ire- land, in 1 83 1. She was nine years of age when her parents, William and Catharine Brown, emigrated to Australia, whence, after a residence of ten years, they came to San Francisco. Later they became pioneers of Union District. Mr. Brown's death, resulting from an accidental fall, occurred in 1854. His widow now BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 421 lives in San Jose, on property belonging to her daughter, Mrs. Arnerich. William D. Brown, the chief of police at San Jose, is a brother of Mrs. Arnerich. The first marriage of Mrs. Arnerich oc- curred at San Francisco, in January, 1851. Her husband died of consumption, ten months later. Quite a large portion of the family homestead, of which mention has been made, is now devoted to the raising of grapes and fruit. A vineyard of sixty acres furnishes a general variety of wine and table grapes. In the orchard can be found olive, fig, pomegranate, orange, and lemon trees. As a rarity, twelve trees bearing " St. John's sweet-bread " must not be over- looked. Mrs. Arnerich and her children are consistent members of the Catholic Church. ■^^&" ^AJOR WILLIAM HAWLEY i.=; the owner of a pleasant home, on the Meridian road, between ^e^ Willow Street and Hamilton Avenue. He has been a resident of the county about three years, living in San Jose until the first of April, 1887, when he took possession of his home at the Willows. He has made valuable improvements on his property, and it is now one of the most desirable in the district. The six acres are all in bearing, and are planted to a variety of fruits, — prunes, apricots, cherries, peaches, and a few almonds. The price paid for the place was $6,000. Major Hawley was born at Washington, District of Columbia, October 15, 1838. His father, Rev. Will- iam Hawley, was one of the prominent clergymen of that city for thirty years. He was the first Rector of St. John's Church, and continued in charge of it until his death, in 1845. Among the attendants of his church were Presidents Madison, Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. The mother of Major Hawley, nee Wilhemina Potts, survived the death of her husband twenty years. In 1856 Major Hawley left home, being eighteen years of age. He was employed on the survey of the projected canal across the Isth- mus by the United States Government. August 5, 1861, he was appointed Lieutenant in the "Mounted Rifles," an organization which afterward became the Third United States Cavalry. He served in the Sixth Cavalry under General McClellan in the Army of the Potomac. Later he was in New Mexico, and ater still, under General Grant, in the campaign against Vicksburg. As a member of the staff of Gen. Hugh Ewing, commanding the Fourth Division of the Fifteenth Corps, he served in the Chattanooga campaign under the general command of General Sherman. After the relief 6f Knoxville, he joined his regiment, which was assigned to General Steele's army, in Arkansas. War closed while he was in that department. After serving in New Mexico, in Indian campaigns, his regiment was transferred to Arizona, in 1869, and in 1871 to Wyoming ^ind Dakota. After serving in the campaign again.st " Sitting Bull " and his warlike Sioux, he left active service, and was placed upon the retired list, with the full rank of Major. After spending so many years in war and wander- ing, the Major enjoys to the utmost his neat home, to whose cheerfulness and comfort he yearly makes ad- ditions. Here, with his wife and only son, Cornelius, (born in New Mexico, in 1869) he lives in peace and plenty. J!|]3\ANIEL W. WATSON owns one of the neatest and most attractive residences to be found on Lincoln Avenue, in the Willow District. It stands near the eastern terminus of Pine Avenue. Mr. Watson was born in Exeter, New Hamp.shire, November 5, 1836. He is the son of John and Betsey (Gilman) Watson. The family history, on his father's side, takes one back to the arrival of the founders of the nation. From the representative of the family who came over in the Mayflower, a long line of descendants, with pardonable pride, trace their genealogy. Daniel W. Watson, when old enough to care for himself, with a spirit of independence characteristic of the family, went to Boston, and became a decorative painter. For fifteen years he followed the business there. In January, 1867, he became a resident of San Francisco. Pursuing the same work, he became later, master of a business of his own. His establish- ment on Market Street supplied shades, hangings, lambrequins, and all that pertains to decorative fur- nishing. For several years he conducted this business successfully and profitably. In 1871, deciding on a trip for recreation and pleasure, he returned East, and, embarking at Boston, visited Europe. He was pro- vided with many letters of introduction, among them one to General Schenck, United States Minister at 422 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." London. He visited the Parliament buildings, the old home and tomb of Shakespeare, and many other points of interest. Spending some time in Ireland and Wales, he then visited France, being in Paris while it was still occupied by the German army. He returned to the United States in November of the same year, bringing with him many mementoes. Early in 1884 Mr. Watson sold his interest in San Francisco, and on April 22 of that j'ear took posses- sion of his presenthome. His ten acres of land, then in pasture, are now one of the thrifty young orchards of the Willows, having 1,000 trees. He has made prunes the leading fruit. - Mr. Watson and Miss Fanny Ricker, daughter of Elijah Ricker, were married, on the thirtieth of Sep- tember, 1876. Miss Ricker was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, July 3, 1850, of one of the old New En- gland families. Mr. and Mrs. Watson have two chil- dren, Gilman and Gertrude. Mr. Watson's father died, only a few years since, at the old home, at the ad- vanced age of eighty-seven years. His eldest daugh- ter, Elizabeth, and his son James still reside at the homestead. The other members of the family are as follows: Charles, a resident of Maynard, Massachu- setts; Joel and George, building contractors of Boston; John, who died on the Fraser River, in the days of placer mining; Sarah Louise, now the wife of Hon. John J. Gosper, of Los Angeles; Mrs. Mary Wilson, of Lowell, Massachusetts; and Mrs. Almira Snow, of San Jose. The remaining member of the family, Dudley, a twin brother of Daniel W., is a resident of this county. A sketch of his life appears elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Watson is one of the leading members of the fraternity, being a life-member of Boston Command- ery, has received the Scottish rite, thirty-second de- gree, and is a member of the Boston Consistory. Politically, he is identified with the Republican party. Both he and his wife are attendants upon the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church. cgAPT. JAMES C. DAY,residing on Hicks Avenue, '^ is the owner of one of the finest ten-acre tracts in &Y the Willow District. The quality of soil, the neat, comfortable residence, the well-cared-for, thrifty orchard, make the property very desirable. Captain Day purchased this property in 1884, paying $10,000 for it. As large as the price looks on paper. Mr. Day has found the investment a profitable one, as he has received from it an annual income of over fifteen per cent. The orchard is planted with peach, cherry, apricot, and prune trees. Over six tons of cherries were marketed out of the crops of 1886 and 1887. Captain Day was born in Fayette County, Penn- sylvania, January 30, 1822, his father, of Virginian birth, bearing the same name. His mother, Margaret Devinna, was also a native of the old Keystone State. She died in 1830, but his father lived to the ripe old age of eighty years. Captain Day is a self-made man. He has been the architect of his own fortunes. Few men have led a more active life, or one more filled with adventure, than was his in his early days. He first visited the Northwest in 1842, and looked over the ground on the Upper Mississippi, where, years after, he became one of the pioneer settlers. He was at La Crosse, Wisconsin (now a city of 30,000), when not ten families were living there. The winter of 1842-43 he spent in cutting pine logs, above Black River Falls, on Black River, Wisconsin. During the years which elapsed between this time and the Mexi- can War, he called Rock Island his home. In one way or another, he traveled over much of the then wilderness of the Northwest, or Upper Mississippi River and vicinity, and few men have borne a more active part in the pioneer history of this vast portion of the country. In the spring of 1847 he volunteered for the Mexi- can War, in the St. Louis Battalion of Infantry. He passed unscathed through the danger from Mexican bullets, and the still more deadly dangers of the Mex- ican climate in two summer campaigns, and was hon- orably discharged. In 1849 he revisited the scenes of his childhood, and in February of that year married Miss Hannah McClaren, a Penn.sylvania lady. In 1855 they became pioneers of Houston County, Min- nesota, locating in a valley eight miles west of La Crosse, known ever since as Day's Valley. There they opened a farm, which they left the following year, to establish a home in La Crescent, on the Mississippi, opposite La Crosse. Here, on the banks of the grand old river, Mr. Day made his home until he came to California, in 1884. In the organization of public affairs in his county, district, and State, Captain Day was an active par- ticipant. He was a member of the First Constitu- tional Convention of Minnesota, which convened in 1858. He was also a member of the first State Senate convened, besides serving his people in several BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 423 local trusts, such as County Commissioner, etc. Among the adventurers who made the rush for Pike's Peak, could have been found Captain Day, who spent the season of 1859 there. The season of 1864 was also spent in the far West, as Montana was then con- sidered. For over twenty-five years Captain Day was interested, as part owner, in operating the steam ferry between La Crosse and La Crescent, for many years commanding the boat in person. The genial, courteous, kindly man was then shown. Thousands of people, his patrons at one time or another, remem- ber him as a friend, as the writer of this sketch can well testify. 2^^:^ |j||RS. ELLEN A. WILSON, residing in a cot- <3^^ tage home on Hamilton Avenue, is the owner e^js of a fine orchard of ten acres, which was \m- proved from a stubble-field. She purchased the property in the spring of 1880, the frame of her residence being erected and inclosed at the time of the purchase. 'The orchard, which is in fine condi- tion, furnishes a large variety of fruit, of which French prunes form the largest part. Mrs. Wilson dates her birth in Maryland, 1837. She is the daughter of John and Louisa (Ash) Kin- kead. Her father traced his descent back to the coming of the founder of the family in America from the Old World about 1670. Her mother was a de- scendant from an old Quaker family which originally came from Germany. Mrs. Wilson's adopted home was Pennsylvania. July 28, 1858, she married Alex- ander Wilson, who was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, June 16, 1821, and was of one of the long-established and prominent families. of Pennsyl- vania, of Scotch-Irish extraction, and of the Scotch Covenanters' faith. He was educated for the legal profession, and in December, 1858, was appointed United States Attorney for the Territory of Utah by President James Buchanan. During the troubles of i860 in Utah, Mr. Wilson resigned his office and returned to Philadelphia, where he resumed his prac- tice and was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. For many years he had been Law Reporter for the Public Ledger, and had also been editor of the Commercial List. For some months he was the principal editor of the Philadelphia •Inquirer. He raised four companies for service in the War of the Rebellion, and declining a high command he entered the service of Lieutenant in 11 8th Pennsyl- vania Volunteers. He was engaged in several actions, and in the Battle of Fredericksburg his bravery was most conspicuous. His health failing, he was com- pelled to resign, but during Lee's invasion of his na- tive State, he entered the field hurriedly, as Captain of a company in the "Merchants' Regiment," which was raised in Philadelphia to meet the emergency. His active, useful career was cut short by his death, which occurred September 26, 1864, while he was in the very prime of life. After the loss of her husband, Mrs. Wilson made Philadelphia her home, until 1869, when, on account of failing health, she came to Cali- fornia. Although she visited and resided in different parts of the State, she did not regain her health until she came to Santa Clara Valley. She is now strong and robust, and naturally is very enthusiastic in praise of this glorious climate and its bountiful soil. 3«^ T J^.EORGE L. SEYBOLT. Among the many fine fruit ranches in the Hamilton District, we must ^-^ mention the one belonging to the subject of this sketch. It is situated on Moorpark Avenue, and contains forty acres, of which thirty-two acres are covered with an orchard, sixteen acres being set to apricots, thirteen acres to French prunes, and three acres to a family orchard of peaches, cherries, Silver plums, etc. Twenty-four acres of the orchard are in five-year-old trees, while the remainder are younger and of different ages. In 1887, from twelve. acres of apricot trees, eighty-five tons of fruit were gathered, and from twelve acres of prune trees, four years old, ten tons of fruit were sold. There is also a fine vine- yard of eight acres, which is being converted into a part of the orchard, as fast as trees can grow. Mr. Seybolt was reared and educated in Orange County, New York, where he was born April 21, 1835. His parents, Frederick and Fanny Seybolt, died in his native State. In 1855 he left that State, and after spending one year in Illinois he went to Ne- braska, where, with headquarters in Cass County, he engaged in freighting across the plains, to Colorado and Montana. For several years he conducted this hazardous business with success. About 1872 he made Omaha his home, entering the Government serv- ice as postal clerk on the Union Pacific Railroad. In June, 1876, he was promoted and commissioned Post-office Inspector, and in 1882 was assigned to the Salt Lake District, comprising the Territories of 424 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Utah, Montana, and Idaho. During the year follow- ing (1883), his district was consolidated with the Pa- cific District, and Mr. Seybolt placed in charge of " Depredations," a position of great and trying respon- sibility. His district was by far the largest in extent of territory in the United States, embracing as it did the States of California, Oregon, and Nevada, and the Territories of Washington, Idaho, Utah, Mon- tana, Arizona, and Alaska. All of the business of this immense district was in his charge, he being the Inspector in charge. The district embraced five in- spectors, who had charge of the money order and postal note business, as well as depredations. Making his headquarters in San Francisco, he bought the property which he now occupies, in June, 1884, and in October following moved his family there. Mr. Sey- bolt discharged the arduous duties of his position conscientiously and satisfactorily. The change in administration retired him from public life. Tender- ing his resignation in 1885, he has since devoted his time to the care and improvement of his fine property. He was united in marriage with Miss Mary E. Berger, in Cass County, Nebraska, in 1864. She was reared in the Hawkeye State, but born in Indiana. They are the parents of five children, viz.: Fanny E., George E., Fred L., Nellie J., and Marian L. Mr. Seybolt has led an active, busy life, and for his advancement and success is indebted only to his un- aided efforts, as each step in advance was the result of merit and ability on his part. ^^^ILLIAM SHELLY resides on the Los Gatos and San Jose road, in the Hamilton District, where he owns a very fine orchard of five acres. This orchard, which is now six years old, con- sists entirely of prune trees. The crop of prunes for 1887 was noticeably light, and yet Mr. Shelly mar- keted his crop of seventeen tons at $715. He also owns a young orchard which was planted in the spring of 1887, situated on the same road in the Cambrian District, a half mile from his house. This orchard also consists of five acres, and is about equally divided between prunes and apricots. Mr. Shelly enjoys the reputation of being a horti- culturist of experience and ability, a reputation which he well deserves. He handles his orchards with great skill and much care as to detail, and justly feels great pride in their thrifty condition and also in the good results obtained from them. Being thor- oughly in love with his business, he looks upon the work involved in the care of his horticultural interests not as drudgery, but as pleasure. iOBERT F. RUTLEDGE, one of Santa Clara's early settlers, resides upon a fine farm of 120 acres in the Braley District, about one-half mile west of the Saratoga and Alviso road, and one mile north of Lawrence Station. This fine tract is now owned by his son, James T., and, with the ex- ception of a small portion reserved for a family or- chard, is devoted entirely to hay and grain. Only such stock is raised as is needed in the farm work. Mr. Rutledge was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, September 25, 1808. His parents, Edward and Ann (Gillespie) Rutledge, were natives of Vir- ginia, and descendants of settlers of the first white colony of that State. His father was a Revolution- ary soldier, and referred with pardonable pride to his service under General Washington. It is worthy of remark that the rifle carried by the father is still in the family, and is in good condition. The subject of our sketch was reared on a farm, and, after his father's death, conducted the home place for many years. During this time, in Novem- ber, 1829, he married Miss Lydia Thompson, daugh- ter of Archibald Thompson of Tazewell County, Virginia. In 1 841 he left his native State for Washington County, Missouri, where he engaged in farming and stock-raising. He also turned his attention to mer- cantile business, keeping a general merchandise store. At one period he had charge of a hotel, and thus various enterprises engaged him until, in 1853, he came to California. He came overland, bringing with him a drove of cattle, and coming directly to Santa Clara County, where he entered into farming and stock-raising. The latter branch of his business he found very profitable, his herds increasing until they numbered over 600 head. But this good fortune was not to last, for the two dry seasons of 1862 and 1863 caused the death of hundreds of cattle, reducing Mr. Rutledge's herds to about sixty head ! He then turned his at- tention principally to farming, and about this time took possession of the large farm where he has since made his home. Mr. and Mrs. Rutledge are the parents of four children, one of whom is deceased; Archibald E., 'J 'Vdt • ($€i^^muy Bl GRA PHICAL SKETCHES. 425 born September 2, 1830, died May 26, 1875, at his father's home; Mary Jane, born October 21, 1832, married James Relfe, of Washington County, Mis- souri, now a resident of Santa Clara County; Ann Rebecca, born June 24, 1835, is the wife of A. B. Hunter, a native of Virginia and a pioneer of Califor- nia, now a resident of San Jose; and James T., born July 8, 1837, who resides on the old homestead as its owner. Mr. Rutledge is almost entirely self-taught, and is an intelligent and well-read man. Although he has reached an advanced age, he feels the deep interest in all pubUc affairs of one who has long been a resi- dent of a section which has almost entirely developed since his acquaintance with it. He is a strong ad- herent of the Democratic party, and a member of the Presbyterian Church, in whose welfare he feels the deepest interest. ||OSEPH MCCARTHY. In writing the history <2^ of the pioneer settlement of Union District, more gt^ than a passing mention must be made of the sub- ject of this sketch. He is the owner of St. Patrick's Ranch, situated on the Los Gatos and Almaden road, four miles east of Los Gatos. He came to San Fran- cisco in July, 1852, and to the Santa Clara Valley in March of the following year. In May, he made a pre-emption of 160 acres, of what is now the Lone Hill Vineyard, and sowed a few acres to grain. That property he held for about two years. Meanwhile he married, in February, 1855, Miss Mary Madigan, daughter of D. C. Madigan, of San Jose, now de- ceased. Mrs. McCarthy was born in Ireland, but reared from a babe in Canada. She came to this valley in 185 1, with her brother-in-law, Patrick Sulli- van. Her parents followed them during the next year, and her mother is still living. Soon after their marriage, Mr. McCarthy sold his claim and bought a pre-emption right of the property he now owns and occupies. Establishing his residence on the place, the work of improvement commenced, which has steadily progressed, and which has converted his property into the present fine, well-improved ranch. The large, commodious residence, substantial barn, and other buildings, are indications of the prosperity which Mr. McCarthy enjoys. But he has, by no means, been blessed with uninterrupted good fortune, for he has twice suffered great loss by fire. His first fine residence, built at a cost of $8,000, was burned 54 in 1878! He also lost a well-filled grain barn by fire. These losses were entire, with the exception of about $3,000 on house and furniture. Yet Mr. McCarthy has, in both cases, rebuilt. He has recovered from these misfortunes by the energy and perseverance with which he has conducted his business. His land is devoted to general farming. He has owned an- other 160 acres, adjoining his present ranch, on the north, which he sold in 1887, after planting a vine- yard of twenty acres. He realized $23,500 from the sale of the property. Mr. McCarthy was born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1830, reared to manhood on a farm, and came to the United States in 1850. After making New York his home about a year, he worked on the Panama railroad about four months. He then came to San Francisco, and soon after to Santa Clara County. In the loss of his wife, who died at the age of fifty- five years, in December, 1884, Mr. McCarthy mourns a devoted wife and loving helpmeet. She was the mother of ten children, of whom six are now living. The first-born were twins, of whom one only, Anna, lived to the age of two years. One other child died . in infancy. Agnes, who lived to become the wife of Hugh Kelly, died, leaving two children. The names of the living children are: Teresa, Vinnie, John and MoUie (twins), Daniel, and Louisa. The last-named is now (in 1888) attending the Normal School. John is a graduate of the Garden City Business College, and Daniel is now attending the same school. All the family are consistent members of the Catholic Church. |OSES E. PARSONS. Among the large land- VT^ owners of the county must be mentioned the 1^ subject of this sketch. His fine ranch of 175 ! acres is on the Coffin road, in the Alviso School District, four miles northwest of Santa Clara, and one and a half miles south of Alviso. Ten acres 'are re- served for the culture of strawberries of the Long- worth, Cheney, and Sharpless varieties, and the re- mainder of this large farm produces hay, grain, and stock. The stock which Mr. Parsons raises includes a dairy of thirty cows and the horses which are needed in carrying on the farm operations. A plentiful sup- ply of water is furnished by three • artesian wells, flowing from one inch to two and one-half inches abov? a seven-inch pipe. 426 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Mr. Parsons dates his birth in Cumberland County, near Portland, Maine, November 2, 1819. His par- ents, Moses and Salome (Haskell) Parsons, were natives of the county of his birth, and descendants of .the first settlers of the old Massachusetts Colony. His father died when he was an infant, and his youth was spent on a farm. He received the education of the common and private schools of the day, but, be- ing ambitious and desirous of learning, he instructed himself to a certain degree, and was afterward a teacher in the district schools. When but twenty years of age, he commenced life for himself by engag- ing in farm labor, teaming, and various other pursuits. In 1849 he married Miss Harriet A. Wright, daughter of John and Priscilla (Gardner) Wright, of Chelsea, Massachusetts. The discovery of gold in California was attracting thousands to the mines, and the wonderful stories of easily acquired wealth were not without their influence upon Mr. Parsons, although he never sought for the gold in its crude state. Soon after his marriage he made preparations to come to this State, and on the twenty-eighth of December, 1849, with his wife he embarked in the ship Plymouth, Captain Pousland commanding, for a voyage around Cape Horn. After a safe and uneventful voyage, he landed at San Francisco on the twenty-eighth of June, 1850, and on the twenty-eighth of July of the same year came to Santa Clara County. He became a resident of Alviso, then but a hamlet, and opened and conducted the American hotel. He was one of the pioneers of the county and first white settlers of Alviso. After spending two years there, he purchased the place which he has ever since called his home, and at once commenced its cultivation, being also engaged, until the advent of railroads, in teaming. Thus we see that Mr. Parsons had been a resident of the county since 1850— a period of thirty-eight years. The wonderful development which he has witnessed forms in itself a rich experience. One can hardly give too much honor to the old pioneers of our State, who, through difficulties and discouragements, have created comfortable homes for themselves, and have made it possible for thousands of others to do the same. As is fitting in one who has been so long and thoroughly identified with the interests of his section, Mr. Parsons is deeply interested in all the public enterprises of the county. Politically, he is a fervent and consistent Republican. ROF. GEORGE W. WORTHEN, residing near the corner of Minnesota and Cherry Avenues, in the Willow District, came to California in 1876, reaching San Mateo on the thirteenth of March of that year. Except the lady, who -is now his wife (she had formerly been a pupil of his in Lebanon, Ohio), he had no acquaintance in the State. She was then living in San Mateo. The Professor came to California, as did so many of our best men, financially poor — in fact, being in debt. In July, 1876, he secured a position in A. L. Brewer's Military Academy, at San Mateo, where he remained one year, when he became Principal of the Public Schools of that place. He occupied this posi- tion for two and one-half years, during which time he married Miss Mary Hoyt, of whom mention has been made. She continued teaching, being associated with her husband in the public schools of San Mateo. Later, the Professor taught another year in the Mili- tary Academy. Upon the opening of the fall term of Washington College he was placed in charge, re- taining that position until December, 1881. On the twenty-third of July, 1882, he bought the homestead which he and his wife now occupy. It consists of ten acres of choice land, then an orchard in full bearing. He also purchased nine acres on the Los Gatos Creek, about one mile west of the home- stead. Later, he added five and one-fifth acres to the home property. In the orchard at home are found 500 apricot trees, 200 peach trees, 200 French prune trees, 100 cherry trees, and several varieties of plum trees, for domestic use. One-half of the Los Gatos orchard is in French prunes, and the other half in apricots. In 1887 the apricot trees of the latter or- chard (although only three years old) yielded $500, the fruit being sold on the trees. . The orchard on the home property yielded, in 1882, $2,100 worth of fruit; in 1883, $1,900; in 1884, $2,485, and has since averaged about $2,000 per year. This is certainly a splendid result, when one considers that four acres of the land, when purchased, were planted with apple-trees, which have all been uprooted to give place to more profit- able fruit. In 1 887 the fruit from his peach trees, two years old, brought, in cash, an average of one dollar to the tree. One year he sold the crop of French prunes, gathered from three-quarters of an acre, for $655. The Professor, after so many years of teaching, came to the Willows, much broken in health. Work in the orchard has agreed with him, for he has become a strong man. Horticulture has built him up, physi- cally and financially. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 427 We have followed the Professor through his life in California, and we will now return to his earlier days. He was born in Vermont, at Charleston, and reared and educated in the schools of his native State. Pa- triotic, as the Green Mountain boys ever have been, as liberty-loving as the winds that sweep over the grand old mountains, he offered his services in sup- pressing the Slave-holders' Rebellion. In 1862 he went to the front in the Fifteenth Volunteer In- fantry. Professor Worthen nobly did a soldier's duty in Stannard's Second Vermont Brigade, which im- mortalized itself by a heroic counter-charge upon Pickett's charging hosts, July 3, on the memorable field of Gettysburg. At the expiration of his term of service he was mustered out at Brattleboro, Ver- mont. Soon afterward he became the first Principal of the Linden (Vermont) Literary Biblical Institute. He remained in charge one year, and then became a pupil, and a graduate, of the National Normal Uni- versity at Lebanon, Ohio. Later he became a teacher here. From that place he went to California, in 1876, as spoken of at the beginning of the sketch. His father, Samuel Worthen, was born in Sandwich, New Hampshire, in 1801. His mother, Lydia Bedee, was born in 1804. They were married in Vermont, in 1838. Of charitable and kind-hearted nature, they did much to relieve suffering of every kind. Samuel Worthen was a natural physician and surgeon. Although he never had received medical instruction or lessons in surgery, he could reduce a fracture with wonder- fully successful results. He helped to develop the rugged hill-sides of Vermont into lovely New En- gland homes. Professor Worthen is an ardent Re- publican, and is in full sympathy with the doctrine of protection of all American industries. He is a mem- of the Phil. Sheridan Post, G. A. R. He holds and prizes complimentary letters from the National Nor- mal School, at Lebanon, Ohio, and from Washington College. At the former institution he graduated in the classical course. He is a man of education, and also of good judgment and executive ability, as his success, both in teaching and in horticulture, attests. He may well count himself fortunate in possessing so pleasant a home in the beautiful valley of Santa Clara. We are indebted to Mrs. Mary (Hoyt) Worthen for the following interesting account of her early life and home: — "I was born July 18, 1857, in East Concord, New Hampshire. The home was called the ' Mountain Farm,' and was noted for its beauty and its sightly location. President Pierce, when looking for a home after his return from public service, selected this place, and offered a price for it far in excess of its real value; but the property had been in the Hoyt family so many years that my father, the owner, could not give it up. The 'History of Concord' contains a picture of the place, and much interesting information regarding it, as does the 'Hoyt Family Genealogy,' which was published after the family meeting in Providence. Rhode Island, some fifteen years ago. At this meet- ing all the branches were represented. Gen. W. T. Sherman represented the Connecticut branch, his mother being Mary Hoyt, a native of Connecticut. The Hoyt family is of English origin, and its Ameri- can history dates from the coming of two brothers to America in the early days when the Pilgrims left the mother-land, in search of freedom. My grandfather was the second child born in Concord, New Hamp- shire. Two of my grandfather's brothers served in the Revolutionary War, one being with General Stark at Bennington. The other brother saw Major Andre executed. " The house in which I was born, was, in Indian times, an old garrison-house, and the port-holes are still under the clapboards. The frame is of solid oak, and very heavy. The ' History of Concord,' at the time of its publication, gave the age of the frame as 140 years. My grandfather bought the house, and moved it from the fort to his farm, some seventy-two years ago. Grandmother lived in the house sixty years. My childhood caught glimpses of that old Ne^v England life, and had the advantage of two generations; for while I played the games of the present day, my play-room was the attic, with its loom and spinning-wheel, its tin bakers and mysterious chests. I early chose teaching as my occupation, and fitted myself accordingly. I graduated from the New Hampshire State Normal School, in 1873; from the National Normal, in 1875 (Lebanon, Ohio), and from the California State Normal School, at San Jose, in 1877. " I was married to Professor Worthen in 1878, and continued teaching, it being my husband's occupa- tion. I taught in New Hampshire for $16 and $20 a month, and here, in California, I taught, for five years, for $1,200 per year. My average wages have been $75 per month. I have helped my husband to lift five mortgages, and, with my own earnings, bought a home for my parents, in San Jose, where they now live." 428 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ||OSEPH WOODHAMS, deceased. The subject &■ of this sketch was born in England, October 23, ^ 1803. His youth and early manhood were spent on his father's farm, where he became proficient in one of the occupations which he so successfully pur- sued in after life. He also devoted considerable at- tention to mechanical pursuits. At the age of twenty- four, namely, in 1827, he came to the United States, landing at New York. He first settled in Westchester County, New York, where he was engaged as a miller; afterward he went up the North River and settled at Newburg, at which place he continued the occupa- tion of a miller and millwright until 1843. In that year, accompanied by his oldest son, Maurice, he went to Chili, South America, where he was joined by his family one year later. During his stay in Chili, he held the position of manager of the extensive flouring mills of Burden & Co. He continued his occupation and residence in that country until 1850, when he emigrated to California. After a short stay in San Francisco, he came to the Santa Clara Valley, arriv- ing here in the fall of the same year, and, settling upon the land now occupied by his son Alfred, he at once commenced its cultivation and improvement. The first dwelling erected by Mr. Woodhams upon these lands was of building material framed and pre- pared in New Brunswick, and shipped to San PVan- cisco around Cape Horn in sailing vessels. The subject of our sketch was an energetic and intelligent mechanic, as well as a farmer. At that early day agricultural implements were not to be obtained in the county, and after threshing his first crop in the primitive manner then in vogue, he set himselC at work for improvement.s, which resulted in his manu- facturing a threshing-machine and separator, and placing the same in successful operation upon his farm. This was one of the first machines of the character ever built in Santa Clara County, if not in the State of California. In 1852 or 1853 he erected a small flour-mill, the motive power for the operation of which was furnished by eight or ten horses. The products of this mill found I'eady sale in Santa Clara and in the Redwoods. The energy and business tact displayed by Mr. Woodhams in those enterprises were characteristic of the man, and made his name known throughout the county. Combined with this, he was well known and universally respected as one of the most public- spirited men of the section. Consequently he was sought for and enlisted in all the public enterprises of that date. In his death, which occurred July i, 1887, in his eighty-fourth year, the community lost a man of solid value. Mr. Woodhams married Miss Annie Maurice, a native of England. From this union were born the following-named children: Maurice, born March 23, 1830, now a resident of San Mateo County; Alfred R., born May 30, 1832, residing on the old home- stead, a sketch of whom is contained in this volume; Oscar, born August 17, 1837, who makes his home in San Francisco; Mary E. and Lucy A., the former a resident of Santa Clara, and the latter the wife of Henry Smith, and a resident of Oakland, California. |«LFRED ROE WOODHAMS is the proprietor 1^^ of the "Roble Alto Farm," which is located on fthe Homestead road, in the Milliken District, near the western limits of the town of Santa Clara. This farm contains 143 acres of choice land, upon which stands a fine residence surrounded by beautiful grounds. It is the old homestead occupied so many years by his father, who was one of the pio- neers of this county, and whose sketch will be found in this connection. The ranch is devoted principally to the growing of hay and grain, and to stock-raising. Twenty-five acres, however, are in orchard, the prin- cipal trees of which are prunes in full bearing. The subject of this sketch was born in Orange County, New York, May 30, 1832. His father, Joseph Woodhams, and his mother, Annie (Maurice) Wood- hams, were natives of England. His youth was spent in obtaining an education, and in helping his father in his trade, which was that of a miller and millwright. In 1844 he accompanied his mother and family to Chili, South America, where they joined his father and eldest brother, who had preceded them the year before. He remained with the family until Decem- ber, 1848, when he left for the gold-fields of California, landing at San Francisco in April, 1849. Though but seventeen years of age, he entered into the whirl and rush of the pioneer life of California, being first en- gaged at carpenter work at $6.00 per day. After work- ing at this for some months he went to the mines and commenced operations at Hawkins' Baron Tuolumne River, where he remained from August, 1849, until the following January, when he returned to San Francisco and engaged in teaming until the arrival of his father's family from Chili. He then joined the family, and in the fall of 1850 came to Santa Clara County, where they took up their residence upon the property now BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 429 owned and occupied by the subject of this sketch. From that time until the present (1888) Mr. Wood- hams has been closely identified with the growth and building up of this beautiful valley, and has ever been an ardent supporter of all enterprises which tended to increase the prosperity of the section in which he lives. An intelligent, observant, and public-spirited man, trained to habits of business, his action in matters of public interest are duly noted and appreciated by the community in which he resides. He is a member of the San Jose Grange, and of the American Legion of Honor. He was also one of the promoters and incorporators of the San Jose Horti- cultural Hall Association. Politically, he is an inde- pendent Republican, and was a prominent member of the Union League during the war. He has been twice married, his first marriage, in 1865, uniting him with Mi.ss Cynthia Dopking, daugh- ter of Daniel Dopking, of Yolo County. She died in 1876, leaving no children. Mr. Woodhams married, in 1877, Miss Lizzie Saul, the daughter of Thomas Saul, of Boston, Massachusetts, who died while she was an infant. Her mother, Sarah (Halpin) Saul, is now a resident of Essex, Massachusetts. Mrs. Wood- hams was born April 17, 1844. She is the mother of four children, of whom but two are now living, viz.: Laurola Saul Woodhams and Willie Elmo Wood- hams. -(§^-ng)-« ROBERT WELCH is one of the large land owners of the county. His fine home property, of 183 ^^ acres, is located on the Berryessa and Milpitas road, in the Berryessa School District, about six miles north of San Jose, and one and a half miles south of Milpitas. Mr. Welch devotes this extensive ranch entirely to the growing of hay and grain and to stock-raising. In the latter business he is much in- terested, and accomplishes a great deal in the im- provement of the draft horses of the county, as he breeds only the best of stock. He has thirty head of thoroughbred Norman draft horses, among which may be noted two imported full-bred Norman stallions. In addition to his homestead, Mr. Welch owns 167 acres of hill land, situated just east of his residence. This tract is largely used as a hay and grain farm, but portions of the land are producing large crops of vege- tables, and this too without irrigation. The subject of our sketch was born in Dorchester County, Canada East, July 22, 1832. His parents, Thomas and Mary (Kahoe) Welch, were natives of Wexford County, Ireland. His father dying when he was but three years of age, he was left to the care ot his mother. She reared him to the life of a farmer, and that occupation he pursued on his mother's farm until he reached his majority. He then came, by the Nicaragua route, to this State. Immediately upon arriving at San Francisco, he proceeded to Santa Clara County. Here he worked for his brother until the fall of 1854, when both entered the mines on the South Fork of the American River. A trial of about six months convinced him that the life was an undesir- able one, and he went to Alameda County, where he remained for a few months. He finally returned to this county and engaged in stock-raising and farming, purchasing and taking possession of the lands upon which he now lives, in May, 1856. On the eighth of November, 1868, Mr. Welch mar- ried Miss Catherine Kennedy, the daughter of Tim- othy and Margaret (Dorsey) Kennedy, residents of Canada West, but natives of Tipperary County, Ireland. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Welch, and seven of them are now living. Their names are : Mary Ellen, Thomas Francis, Catherine Isabel, Alice, Robert Timothy, Cecilia Viola, and Ed- mund John. Mr. Welch is an active and enterprising farmer, and despite the fact that in his youth he was deprived of many of the advantages resulting from a good edu- cation, he has acquired a practical and thorough knowledge of his business, and has made it most suc- cessful. He is a good citizen and a respected member of the community. He is a member of the Catholic Church, in whose welfare he takes a deep and sincere interest. iEORGE W. SNOW resides on the Morrell road, in the Berryessa School District, about five and a half miles northeast of San Jose, where is lo- cated his orchard tract of ten acres. His land is rich and productive, and is highly cultivated. The orchard (four years old in 1888) comprises 300 French prune, 300 apricot, 100 peach, 100 apple, 100 pear, and 150 plum trees, with a number of trees each of figs, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts, and mulberries. Mr. Snow raises vegetables upon his place the year round, and that without any irrigation. 430 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." He dates his birth in Essex County, Vermont, March 1,1848. He is the son of Daniel and Sarah Ann (Perry) Snow, both natives of Vermont. He was trained in the details of farm work, receiving the education of the public schools. When he attained his majority he started out in life for himself, engag- ing in farm labor for several years. In 1875 Mr. Snow was united in marriage with Miss Cora A. Lucas, the daughter of John M. and Adeline Lucas, residents of Vermont. The year fol- lowing their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Snow came to California, and located in Santa Clara County. After working here for a year, Mr. Snow, in partnership with his father-in-law, bought twenty acres near Berryessa, which they improved and planted with fruit-trees. That property Mr. Snow sold in 1884, and purchased his present residence. Mr. Snow is a man of energy, and a successful hor- ticulturist. He was chosen to be a School Trustee, and served in that capacity for two years, 1886-87. In politics, he is a stanch Republican, and feels much interest in the political issues of the day. Having confidence in the future growth and prosperity of his county, he is much interested in all that tends toward that end. His wife is the owner of a five-acre tract just south of the church at Berryessa, upon which are 300 apri- cot, 100 French prune, 60 cherry, 30 peach, and 25 plum-trees. There is also a comfortable cottage upon the place. Mr. and Mrs. Snow are the parents of two children, viz., Irving W., born June 7, 1876; and Arthur, born January 3, 1887. The father of Mrs. Snow is also a member of Mr. Snow's family. JMOUIS a. BOOKSIN owns and occupies a fine (sip residence on the corner of Booksin and Hicks T^ Avenues, in the Willow District. He is very largely interested in horticulture. His home property contains seven and one-half acres, all in peach trees, of three varieties: Seller's Cling, Rock Cling, and Salway. About one-half the orchard is bearing at present. Mr. Booksin also has charge of the large interests of his father, Henry Booksin, who owns two fruit ranches at the Willows One, on Curtner Ave- nue, consists of an orchard of fifty acres, and con- tains 1,200 peach, 600 apricot, 450 cherry, 3,000 French prune, and 450 pear trees, besides a general variety for household use. The ranch on Meridian road consists of thirty-two acres— fifteen acres in apricots, and the remainder in 600 peach trees, 400 egg plum, 50 Ickworth plum, and 450 cherry trees. The ranch on Curtner Avenue is supplied with a steam-power pump, with a capacity of 1,500 gallons per minute. The one on Meridian road has a fifty- horse-power engine, lifting a ten-inch column of water eighty-five feet. The pump's capacity is 1,500 gal- lons per minute. Henry Booksin is a native of Germany. Coming to the United States a poor man, at the age of twenty- four, he became one of the first of Colusa County set- tlers. There he commenced at his trade, wagon- making, working under a tree in the open air. His business increased rapidly, from this small beginning. In 1857 he returned to Germany, and married a lady who was reared in his old neighborhood, — Miss Elizabeth Kroft. With his wife he returned to Co- lusa County, where he owned quite an extensive grain and sheep ranch, to which he afterwards made large additions. Here he lived until 1873, when he sold his ranch and removed to San Jose, where he owns a fine residence property. His wife died in 1867. She was the mother of four children, three sons and, one daughter. Louis A., whose name heads this sketch, is the eldest. The others, Tennie, John, and Henry, all make their home with their father. For his second wife, Mr. Booksin married Miss Catharine Kroft, a sister of his first wife. On the first of December, 1886, Louis A. Booksin was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Kirk, daughter of Socrates Kirk, one of the leading men of the Willows. He built his fine residence in 1887, using only the best material and paying for labor by the day. It cost him $3,500, and he has one of the pleasantest homes in the district. The Booksin family is fully in working sympathy with the Republican party. Mr. Booksin is a thor- ough horticulturist. A practical knowledge of his business, and a wise division of time and labor, enable him to successfully conduct three fruit ranches, con- taining almost ninety acres. ■^^&- .||rfjCHEL KERLOCH, JR., owns an orchard of six acres, all in fruit and nearly all in bearing, on the corner of Booksin and Hicks Avenues, in the Willow District. This orchard consists mainly of cherry trees. He also owns, on Delmas Avenue and Home Street, five acres of fine fruit land, which is as yet undeveloped. Mr. Kerloch was born in Paroisse de Primelin, Can- BIOGRAPHICAL 8KE1CI1E8. 431 ton Pont Croys, Department of Finistere, France, April 17, 1853. His parents, Michel and Mary Jane (Good) Kerloch, are French by birth. Both are yet living in their native land, and are in very comfortable circum- stances, as they own a fine property of 300 acres. Michel Kerloch, Jr., whose name heads this sketch, is the sixth child in a family of eight children, all of whom are yet living, and all married except Michel, who keeps " bachelor's hall " on his ranch. He was the only one to leave the home land, to try his fort- une in America. His brother John is an officer on a French man-of-war, stationed in the Chinese seas. At the present time (1888) he has been in the service for over twenty-three years. The other brothers and sisters are leading lives of industry and contentment in France, engaging in agricultural pursuits. Michel was of a different temperament from his brothers and sisters, and, filled with a spirit of adventure, became a sailor boy at an early age. It was in this way that he was led to make his home so far from his country and kindred. He was cabin boy on the ships Marie and Louise, on one of which he made the port of San Francisco, December 27, 1873. Still influenced by the love of adventure, he took " French leave " of his vessel. His position was certainly one of great dis- comfort, to speak mildly. He was in a strange coun- try, with no acquaintances, absolutely penniless, and unable to speak a word of the language of the coun- try in which he was to make his home. His success in horticulture, as well as in the mastery of the lan- guage and customs of the country, shows what can be accomplished by a poor French lad, who possesses the spirit of determination. He has been strictly temperate and industrious. A close observer of passing events, he has become thoroughly identified with the interests of the county which he makes his home, while by his integrity and strict attention to his business he has won the respect of his neighbors. |yLVESTER NEWHALL, of the Willows, has been identified with Santa Clara County since 1856, and is now ranked among the county's leading fruit-growers. In five different tracts he has 140 acres in fruit-trees. Energetic and painstak- ing, he has made horticulture a source of profit and pleasure. His fine residence, standing on Lincoln Avenue, a little south of the crossing of Los Gatos Creek, was erected in 1881. He dates his birth at Lynn, Massachusetts, March 4, 1827, and is the son of Otis Newhall. The history of the family in America extends back as far as the Pilgrim Fathers. The first white child born in Lynn was a Newhall. Early in life Mr. Newhall left the old homestead, and for a short time lived in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1850, smitten with the gold fever, he crossed the plains and mountains to this State, traveling nearly the whole distance on foot. While traversing the last 500 miles, he, with his companion, subsisted upon ten pounds of parched meal and one pound of sugar, an allowance which, divided, was barely suffi- cient to keep body and soul together. At last they reached Sacramento, ragged and starving. Several years were spent in placer mining, with varied results. In 1856 he came to this county, and, buying a building lot, commenced life at the Willows. Soon afterward he became a pioneer nurseryman. From a small beginning, he has, by industry and economy, combined with a strong, sturdy fund of New England common sense, attained a competence sufficient for all needs. Mr. Newhall's orchard interests consist of forty- five acres in prunes, twenty-five acres in apricots, and the remainder in cherries, peaches, apples, and pears. Politically, he is a strong Republican. He is a mem- ber of the American Horticultural Society, and also of the ancient and honorable order of Masons, being affiliated with San Jose Lodge, No 10. In 1 87 1 he was united in marriage to Mrs. Mary (Myers) Stodard, a native of the State of Virginia. They have six children, viz.: Fred, Bessie, Grace, George, Carl, and Belle. IrlAVID E. SKINNER, whose home is located on G^ the Almaden road, in the Pioneer District, in •X^ Almaden Township, has been identified with the interests of the county since 1853. He was born in 1828, in Warren County, New Jersey, in which State he was reared and educated. Leaving the old home shortly before reaching manhood, he went to New York city and there engaged in work as a clerk in a grocery establishment. He was later employed in the same way, in Newark, New Jersey, leaving there to come to California via the Isthmus route. Some time was spent in placer mining in Placer and El Dorado Counties, then a few months were spent in San Jose, after which, in 1853, he entered the 432 PEN PICTURES BROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Almaden quicksilver mines. He remained in that employment for several years, but finally concluded to become a farmer, and purchased and opened the fine farm which he now owns and occupies. The prop- erty comprises 170 acres, and is profitably devoted to general farming. The residence is nine miles distant from San Jose. While at the Almaden mines, Mr. Skinner married Miss Harriet Booth, who was born in England in 1855. Her married life was of but four years' dura- tion, her death occurring May 24, i860, in her twenty- fifth year. She was the mother of two children, William and Ada, both of whom now reside in British Columbia. In 1865, Mr. Skinner wedded Miss Annie Dugan, a native of New York. She de- parted this life March 14, 1873, at the age of thirty- two years. From this marriage five children were born, and all are now living. Their names are: David E., Herman, Cornelius, Thomas, and Francis. Mr. • Skinner's present wife was formerly Miss Anna Smith, the daughter of Isaiah and Mary Smith. She was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1839. She was reared and educated in the State of her birth, and in married David Alyea, who died at Newark in 1873. Her only child by that marriage, Edward, now lives in New Jersey. While visiting the home of his youth, Mr. Skinner met, and, November 14, 1874, married, Mrs. Alyea. They have one child, Waldo W. Politically Mr. Skinner is identified with the Re- publican party. By the industry and frugality which are characteristic of him, he has earned a good home, although he came to the State a poor man. The in- tegrity of character and conduct which he has shown has secured him the position of a respected and use- ful citizen. tEORGE W. GARDNER is the owner of a very desirable property on the San Jose and Los ■jN Gatos road, at Orchard Homes, in the Hamilton District. His orchard covers forty-five of the forty-eight acres which compose his ranch. He pur- chased the land in 1880, it then being part of a bar- ley field, and in bad condition, having been cut up by overflows of the Los Gatos Creek. Mr. Gardner found it necessary to spend several months in level- ing the ground before tree-planting could be com- menced. Now all is in condition for irrigation from Los Gatos Creek. During the winter of 1880 he set ten acres with a variety of cherries, apricots, and prunes, while the rest of the forty-five acres was planted during the following winter. At present about twelve acres are in prunes, twenty-eight acres in apricots and peaches, and five acres in cherries. Mr. Gardner's skill in horticulture is shown by his returns from the apricot crop of 1887, which consisted of 100 tons, and sold for about $3,000. He has made his ranch his place of residence ever since his purchase of it, at first keeping bachelor's hall. He was united in marriage, in January, 1884, with Miss Lottie M. Bennett. His fine residence was erected in the autumn pre- ceding his marriage, and his drying establishment was built in the spring of 1886. In order to meet the increase in this branch of his business, Mr. Gard- ner enlarged the building in 1887, in which year he cured about 300 tons of fruit. A successful horti- culturist, and the possessor of a thrifty fruit-ranch with its pleasant home, and all its appropriate sur- roundings, Mr. Gardner may well be considered fortu- nate. The subject of our sketch dates his birth in Nashua, New Hampshire, May 16, 1859. When about one year of age his parents removed to Southern Indiana, and later, when he was about four years of age, to Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin; there they lived until they came to this county, in April, 1873. His father, Will- iam Gardner, now lives on Delmas Avenue. |OSES F. BILLINGS, a resident of the Hamil- ton District, owns a fruit-farm of ten acres, which is situated on Los Gatos Creek, near the Meridian road. Mr. Billings bought this prop- erty on the twenty-third of January, 1884, it then being part of a stubble-field. All the improvements have been made by him since that time, — buildings erected and orchard planted. The latter work he accomplished in the spring following his purchase of the place. The orchard contains 400 prune, 350 apri- cot, and 100 peach-trees, besides a general variety for household use, comprising cherry, plum, apple, pear, nectarine, fig, and almond trees. In 1887 nine tons of apricots were gathered and sold for $270, while the whole crop realized a sum of over $500, — a result which was rather unusual for a three-year-old orchard. Mr. Billings' birth took place in the town of Fay- ette, Kennebec County, Maine, June 19, 1829. He is the son of William and Eliza (Rice) Billings, both of yjvAfjM '^Sym/i^i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 433 whom were natives of that State. His mother, now eighty-seven years of age, is yet living there. When fourteen years of age, the subject of this sketch left the old farm to learn the carpenter's trade. At nine- teen years of age he decided to try his fortunes in the West, and removed to Wisconsin, living in Berlin one year, and thence going to Wausau, same State, where he lived many years, engaged in working at his trade. Here he married, on the ninth of November, 1856, Miss Harriet M. Millard. She is a native of Allegany County, New York, where she was born, August 13, 1839. She is the daughter of Arnold and Maria Millard. Her father died in Ohio about 1844, but her mother was, in 1888, living at Rockford, Illinois. In 1865 Mr. and Mrs. Billings removed to Rockford, Illinois, and the following year again removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota. They made this State their home until they became residents of Santa Clara County, in 1884. During sixteen years of their resi- dence in the State of Minnesota, Mr. Billings con- ducted a farm in connection with his carpenter work. Mr. and Mrs. Billings are the parents of two children, living: Annie M. and Frank B., both of whom make their home with their parents. Mr. Billings is con- nected with the Republican party, in politics. fYLVESTER GRAVES. Among the wealthy land owners of Santa Clara County we note the J?!^ subject of this sketch. His fine property is lo- cated in the Moreland District, on Saratoga Av- enue. He has been identified with the county's interests for thirty-five years, settling here in 1853. He claims Tennessee as his native State, dating his birth in Claiborne County, January 10, 1831. When he was ten years of age, his parents removed from Tennessee to Buchanan County, Missouri. There he lived until twenty-two years of age, engaged in help- ing his father to open a farm in the heavy timber of Buchanan County. In 1849 his elder brother, Jacob, came to this State, and four years later the subject of our sketch joined him in this county. In the year of the latter's arrival, the brothers purchased a tract of over 200 acres in the Moreland District. This place was on Campbell Creek, facing on Saratoga Avenue, a little more than one mile from Mr. Graves' present residence. The brothers worked that property until 1862, when they bought 190 acres, which comprise the homestead which our subject now owns. Soon after this purchase, the property was divided, the elder brother retaining the farm on Campbell Creek. Mr. Graves now owns 265 acres, having sold, in 1887, no acres, at $200 per acre. He devotes the larger part of his ranch to general farming, although sixty acres are in orchards, twenty -seven acres having reached a bearing age. Prunes, apricots, and peaches are the leading fruits. The fine residence was erected in 1868, at a cost of $6,000, besides the labor which Mr. Graves personally bestowed upon it. It is sur- rounded by beautiful grounds, and approached from Saratoga Avenue by a shaded avenue 300 yards in length. In 1867 Mr. Graves was united in marriage with Miss Kate Toney, who was born in Cedar County, Iowa, in 1848. Of ten children born of this union seven are living, all of whom are members of their parents' happy home. Their names are: Ernest, Wal- ter, Clara, Jesse, Ivy, Nettie, and Beulah. Belle and Myrtle died in infancy, and Stella at the age of three and one-half years. Mr. and Mrs. Graves are consistent members of the Free Methodist Church. Mr. Graves was formerly a Democrat, but is now a pronounced Prohibitionist. He commenced life in California a poor man, his whole capital not reaching the moderate limit of $50. Industry, frugality, and good business qualifications have with him been well rewarded, for his position is that of a prosperous, respected citizen of a favored community. But he is rich not only in money and lands, but also in all the relations of life — in his happy family, his neighbors and associates, whose love and esteem the genial qualities of his character have easily won. He is indeed fortunate in the possession of so pleasant a home in so lovely a country, while the community is fortunate in having him as one of its representative citizens and highly esteemed members of society. ^s- .^.wDAM FARRINGTON. Among the fortunate 'P* possessors of large farms in this fertile section of the State, is the subject of this sketch, who owns 225 acres of as choice land as can be found in the county. The property is situated on the Williams road, in the Moreland District, and is known to the old settlers as the Golden State Ranch. It is one of the oldest as well as one of the most pro- ductive farms in that part of the county. In 1887, 3,600 sacks of barley were harvested as a volunteer crop. Mr. Farrington bought the property in March, .1885, and took possession of it soon after. 434 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." He dates his birth in Brant County, Ontario, Canada, September 26, 1849. His father, Adam Farrington, who was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, died before his birth. His mother, Mary Ann (Trimble) Farring- ton, who was born in County Longford, Ireland, but of Scotch ancestry, makes her home with the subject of our sketch. She is the mother of four sons, viz.: William, a capitalist and real-estate dealer of San Jose; Archibald, a resident of East San Jose; James, who lives in Brant County, Ontario; and Adam, whose name heads this sketch. The two oldest brothers be- came residents of, and operators in, California in 1865, and Adam left Canada and joined them in Nevada, 1872. Ten years later he bought his present home, and has since been a resident of this county. Mr. Farrington returned to Canada for his bride, Miss Elizabeth Abrey, who was also born in Brant County, and with whom he was united in marriage on the twenty-fifth of April, 1877. There are three chil- dren by this marriage: Archibald, Sarah May, and William J., all of whom are "baptized into the faith" of the Episcopal Church, under the teachings of which all the Farringtons were reared. Adam Farrington and his two brothers are counted among the most successful men of the county. Possessed of wealth, and of enterprising and progressive spirit, they are justly considered valuable members of society, in every relation of life, whether private or public, busi- ness or social. All of them are Republicans, and fully in accord with the principles of their party. .^swibRNESTUS D. COLTON, one of the successful -iP fruit-growers of the Willows, resides on the cor- ner of Lincoln and Minnesota Avenues. Mr. Colton dates his birth in Erie County, Pennsyl- vania, in 1 8 14. His father, Eli Colton, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, and became a citizen of Erie County in 1797. His mother, Elizabeth Dietz, was a native of Hagerstown, Maryland. Mr. Colton was reared and educated in his native county, making it his home until he attained his majority. The North- west, with its great possibilities, had just been opened, and peace with the Indians guaranteed by the Black Hawk War. Mr. Colton, ambitious and enterprising, was filled with a desire to seek his fortune in this new country. He therefore left his native home, and, pass- ing through Chicago (then a village of only a few hundred), he terminated his journey at Geneva Lake, Wisconsin, where he was one of the first settlers. Here he opened a farm, but later became a hotel pro- prietor, building the Lake House, the first hotel in the place. That he was successful in this venture his continuance of the business for twenty years proves. The year after he settled in Wisconsin he returned to Pennsylvania, making the trip around the Lakes from Milwaukee on the steamer Constitution, the first trip that navigated Lake Michigan. He returned to Wis- consin with general supplies, and became interested in the improvement of a water power. Selling his interests at Geneva Lake, in 1865, Mr. Colton removed to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and en- gaged in the book and stationery business, in which he remained for six years. He then followed the hun- dreds who had crossed the continent, and settled in Santa Clara County in 1871, when he bought the tract of eleven acres which now makes his home. When purchased there was only a small apple orchard on the place. By industry and painstaking care, Mr. Colton has become the owner of a fine, healthy or- chard. His orchard comprises 100 pear, 160 apricot, 200 apple, seventy-five cherry, and seventy-five peach trees, 100 trees of different varieties of plums, and the remainder French, German and Silver prunes. Mr. Colton has had opportunity to witness much of the marvelous development of the horticultural interests in the Willows, which was principally in grain fields when he settled there. In 1 841 Mr. Colton married Miss Elizabeth Caro- line Holcomb, who died in 1845, leaving one son, Oscar, now a resident of San Diego. He married his second wife. Miss Annie Booth, a native of Vermont, in Wisconsin. Mr. Colton is identified with the Republican party, and is a firm believer in the policy of protection of American industry. He is reputed a careful, intelli- gent horticulturist, with a complete understanding of fruit culture, and great attention to detail. He is greatly respected throughout the community in which he lives for his integrity and the strict honesty of his business transactions. ^EV S. GOODENOUGH, residing on Saratoga Avenue, is the owner of a fine property of fifty acres, all in fruit. He purchased the place in 1881, it then being part of a stubble field. Dur- ing the first year of his ownership twenty acres were planted with French and Silver prunes and Bartlett BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 435 pears. For the next three years the work was con- tinued, and was completed in 1885, making a total of 2,500 French prune, 400 Silver prune, 600 Bartlett pear, 650 Moorpark apricot, seventy-five Black Tar- tarian cherry, and 700 Newtown Pippin apple trees. The orchard also furnishes a general variety, which, with the choice grapes from a family vineyard, com- prise everything that is desirable in the way of fruit for domestic use. The fruit interests receive the best of care, as is well attested by the yield of the apricot trees, which averaged 100 pounds per tree, in 1887, they being at that time four years old. The subject of this sketch was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, in 1835, and is one of the representatives of one of the old Vermont families. His grandfather, Levi Goodenough, left the State of Connecticut be- fore the close of the last century, and settled, as one of its pioneers, in Windham County, Vermont. His son, Winsor, was the father of the subject of this sketch. Rev. S. Goodenough was educated in the Brattleboro schools, supplemented by an academic course at South Woodstock, Vermont (Green Mountain Liberal In- stitute), and by attendance upon the St. Lawrence, New York, University and Divinity School. He en- tered the ministry of the Universalist Church in 1856. His first charge was in the towns of Royalton and Barnard, Vermont, and in that State and the States of Maine and New York were spent twenty-five years of a useful life, engaged in work for the glory of God and the good of mankind. In Vermont Mr. Goodenough wedded Miss Ellen M. Halladay, who was also born in Brattleboro. Her failing health was the chief cause of their removal to this State. Mr. Goodenough visited this State'and county in 1881, purchasing his home in that year, as before stated, but did not become a resident of the State until November of the following year. Soon after coming he began gathering a congregation and organizing a church in Oakland, and there he has ac- complished his most successful work in the ministry. The church society has erected, at a cost of $8,000, a fine chapel, neat, tasty, and attractive, which was com- pleted the present year, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Goodenough have two sons and two daughters, only one of the four children having left the home, Mrs. Minnie E. Blanding, wife of E. F. Blanding, of Boston, Massachusetts. The names of the others are: Wells P., Winsor S., and Leona E., the last-named being now in attendance upon the University of the Pacific. Mr. Goodenough is greatly interested in the orders of Masons and Odd Fellows, being a member of both. He is also Master of Tem- escal Grange of Oakland, and Chaplain of the State Grange. He is known as an enterprising business man, as well as a faithful minister of the gospel, and has well earned his reputation for faithfulness in every duty, whether religious or secular. He is valued as a neighbor, and esteemed and respected by all. -^^& ARTIN D. KELL, residing on the Almaden road, two and one-half miles from the Court- ^^ house at San Jose, was born near Toronto, I Canada, April 5, 1840. He is the son of Thomas and Margaret (Murphy) Kell. His father was born in Durhamshire, England, in 1804, leaving there with his parents, in 1 8 1 6, they becoming pioneer settlers of Canada East, at Franton, thirty-six miles from Quebec. There the father, Thomas Kell, Sr., died about 1820. At the same place Thomas Kell, Jr., father of the subject of this sketch, married, in 1828, Miss Margaret Murphy. She was born in County Wexford, Ireland, in 181 1, being the daughter of Martin Murphy, Sr., whose history appears elsewhere in this volume. She left Ireland, with her parents, when nine years of age, remaining in Canada East until 1839. Thomas Kell, Jr., and his wife settled near Toronto, living there until the autumn of 1841, when they became pioneers of Atchison County, Missouri, where Mrs. Kell's parents had preceded them about two years. In 1844 Martin Murphy, Sr., with his family and a few friends, made the haz- ardous journey across the plains, with wagons, and became the advance guards of the hosts which brought civilization to this sunny land, with its boun- tiful soil. Mr. Kell, who had made a good start on the new, productive soil of Atchison County, was reluctant to leave. But the glowing reports from his father-in-law, as to the healthfulness and productive- ness of California, foreshadowing its future acquisi- tion by the United States, with prophetic vision of its coming grandeur, decided him to undertake the trip. Accordingly, with his household, he commenced the long, weary journey May 11,1846. This journey, attended by all the dangers incident to travel, across the western wilds and pathless mountains, inhabited only by Indians and the wild beasts of the forest, was very different from travel of this day. Perhaps some idea of the hardships of such a journey can be gained, when one reflects that Mr. Kell slept for the first time under a CaHfornia roof, October 11, just five months 436 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." from the day he left Missouri. Now that journey can be made by rail, in as many days. Their train was the largest one that had ever crossed the mountains, at one time consisting of fifty-three wag- ons, most of which were bound for Oregon, all under the command of one Major Cooper. The first night (spoken of above) was spent with Martin Murphy, Jr., brother of Mrs. Kell, near where Sacramento now stands, below Sutter's Fort. Martin Murphy had learned, by an advance of the party, that the Kells were suffering from sickness, and making slow prog- ress. Mounting his horse, he followed the trail east- ward, about thirty-six hours, without rest. Meeting the family, he piloted them lo his home, a journey which, with their worn-out animals, it required eight days to perform. Here the family rested for three weeks. The Bear Flag had been raised, and the con- quest of California practically accomplished. Upon leaving Mr. Murphy, Mr. Kell was furni.shed with that which was then more desirable than gold — that is, wheat for seed. In January, 1847, he planted about fifteen acres on the ranch belonging to Martin Mur- phy, Sr., situated eighteen miles south of San Jose. In the autumn of that year, they established their home near San Jose, on property still owned by the family. On Christmas-day of the same year they occupied a frame house, built of redwood, hewed and sawed by hand, out of the forest near Gilroy. Years afterward a more pretentious residence was built, and occupied by the father and mother until their death. Mr. Kell died on March 8, 1878. His wife did not survive him long, her death occurring December 30, 1 88 1. She was the mother of a large family. The three eldest were born in Canada. The eldest, Thomas J., was born in 1829. He, with his uncle, Bernard Murphy, perished with the ill-starred steamer, Jenny Lind, which was wrecked by the explosion of one of its boilers, in the bay of San Francisco, April 11, 1853. The next child, Ann, was born in 1834. She is now the widow of Clementa Columbet, and resides in San Jose. The third, Martin D., is the subject of this sketch. John, the fourth child, was born in Missouri, and died en route to this State, aged four years. The fifth child, William D., was born in Missouri, in 1844. He now lives at Mountain View. The three youngest were born in this county. John J., born in 1847, is a resident of San Jose. Mary Ellen, born in 1852, is now the wife of T. A. Carroll, a resident of San Jose. Thomas B., born in April, 1855, is now the owner of part of the old homestead, but now (1888) is residing upon the Weber Ranch. Thomas Kell, Sr., was an invalid from 1840, suffering from chronic rheumatism. He also incurred a severe injury, while en route to California, from the effects of which he never fully recovered. He was a man of kindly impulses, and helped many a poor man to get a start in California. Martin D. Kell, vfhose name heads this sketch, is prominent in public affairs in Santa Clara County, and a Democrat in politics. He has held several offi- cial trusts in his district and county. From Novem- ber, 1875, until March, 1 878,he served as Deputy Road- master. At the election of 1877 he was chosen Supervisor of District No. i, entering upon the duties of the office in March, 1878, and being re-elected the following year to the same office. He also served as Under-Sheriff for four years, with Mr. B. F. Branham as Sheriff On September 11, 1865, he married Miss Mary A. Ward, daughter of Patrick and Margaret Ward, of Lewis County,' New York, where Mrs. Kell was born April 24, 1842. Her mother died in this county, in 1874, at the home of her son, Bernard' Ward, now deceased. Mrs. Kell's father died in Lewis County, New York, in 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Kell have seven children, five sons and two daughters, all yet making their home under the parental roof Thomas P. was born July 19, 1866; Martin B., January 27, 1868; Mary A., September 5, 1869; William W., October 12, 1871; Maggie, Janu- ary I, 1874; Bernard, May 3, 1876; Peter C, August I, 1878. Mr. Kell is the owner of a fine property of eighty-nine acres, which, excepting five acres devoted to orchard for family use, is devoted to general farm- ing. iSMAVID GREENAWALT, deceased. The fine farm, of over 200 acres, which this worthy citizen improved and occupied for twenty one years, is on the Almaden road, seven miles from the business center of San Jose, and is as well located, and as well adapted to general farming, as any ranch in the valley. This property Mr. Greenawalt bought and took possession of in November, 1867, it being at that time all inclosed with fences and having building improvements enough for shelter. The present com- modious family residence was built in 1877, the large barn in the year preceding. All the buildings are noticeably good, and all were constructed with regard to convenience rather than to cost. Mr. Greenawalt was born in Lehigh County, Penn- sylvania, April 2, 1824, of one of the old Pennsyl- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 437 vania families. His great-grandfather, Jacob Green- await, came from Holland about the beginning of the eighteenth century, being obliged to work for three years afterward to pay for his passage. The farm in Lehigh County, which this founder of the family im- proved, was the birthplace of the subject of our sketch, and is still in the possession of the family, having been the birthplace of six generations. The names of the grandfather and father of our subject were the same, — Abraham Greenawalt. David Green- await was reared to manhood on the old homestead, but afterward he left it to go to Wisconsin, where he spent four years in the lead mines of Iowa County. The discovery of gold brought him to California in 1850. He came on the overland route, and upon his arrival engaged in mining at PlacerviUe, then called Hangtown. Two months later he visited this valley, where he married, on the ninth of October, 1851, Miss Eliza Booth, who was bom in England, in May, 183 1. Immediately after their marriage they embarked for Australia. Three months' experience in the min- ing districts of that country taught Mr. Greenawalt that he had left much better opportunities for acquir- ing wealth behind him, and was only one of thousands who were following a delusion. The return voyage of the same vessel, the Jessie Burns, that took them out, brought them back to San Francisco, where they landed in August, 1852. Mr. Greenawalt then en- gaged in the stock business with his father-in-law, in this county, which was ever afterward his home. He recalled the fact that he had seen all of Santa Clara without a fence. He came to Santa Clara a poor man, and grew in prosperity with the county. Keep- ing fully apace with, or ahead of, the general advance of his surroundings in individual enterprise, he be- came blessed with a competence more than sufficient for all the needs of his declining years. In politics he had been identified with the Republican party since the candidacy of John C. Fremont. The great bereavement of his life, the death of his wife, occurred October 29, 1887. She was the mother of seven children, all of whom are living: George lives in the immediate neighborhood of the old home, on a part of the original homestead; Mary is the wife of Frank Blake; Edna is the wife of John Mc- Abee, of San Benito County; Amelia is the wife of Alonzo Withers; and the others, William D., John K., and Thomas, are residing at the homestead. Mr. Greenawalt, the subject of the foregoing brief outline, died July 6, 1888, a highly respected citizen, whose departure from this life leaves many painful reminiscences upon the minds of those left behind. PAMES M. KENYON resides in Santa Clara, but , is the owner of a fine farm of 242 acres, situated ^ on the Saratoga and Alviso road, at its junction with the Homestead road, about two miles west of Santa Clara. This land, with the exception of about eight acres, which is planted with prune-trees, is de- voted to the production of hay and grain and stock- raising. Mr. Kenyon was born in Adams County, Ohio, May 29, 1817. There his father, Jonathan Kenyon, and his mother, Sarah (Stratton) Kenyon, made their home for many years. His early youth was spent upon his father's farm, until the age of sixteen years, when he left home to learn the carpenter's trade. He was successful in his undertaking, and became an intelli- gent and skilled workman, and a thorough master of his trade, at which he worked for over twenty-five years. Mr. Kenyon is a California pioneer of 1849, as well as an early settler of this county, being one of the hardy men who, with their families, at that early day made their slow and laborious way across the immense plains of our country with ox teams. On his arrival he followed the example of thousands and sought for wealth in the mines, but soon tiring of this life, in 1850 he took up his residence in San Jose, where he built for himself a house and prepared to follow his trade as a carpenter and builder. Finding but little building in progress, and small prospect of much being done in the immediate future, he turned his attention to other business ventures. Having been reared to a farm life, and seeing the rich and unculti- vated lands lying unoccupied around him, he was soon induced to purchase the property above men- tioned. The same business-tact and foresight that he had displayed in the pursuit of his trade soon assured him of success in his new business and placed him in the ranks of the leading farmers of the county. In 1837 Mr. Kenyon went from Ohio into Mis- souri, where he married Miss Martha Roberts, daughter of Woodford Roberts, of Andrew County, Missouri. Of the children born of this marriage there are now living the following: John Fletcher, of Saratoga, Santa Clara County; Benjamin Franklin, who is married and lives upon the farm above mentioned; James Monroe; Sarah, the wife of Daniel Gardiner, of Sara- toga, Santa Clara County; and Emma, the wife of H. H. Slavans, of Woodland, Yolo County, this State. Although hale and hearty, and in full possession of all his faculties, the subject of our sketch has retired from the active pursuits and operations of the farm, turning the same over to his son, whom he has trained 438 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." to succeed him in its successful management, and, with his wife, is Hving in comfort in Santa Clara, enjoying the rest which an active and successful busi- ness life of nearly sixty years has made a necessity. |OHN S. SELBY resides upon the Mission road, in the Orchard School District, about five miles north of San Jose, where is situated his tract of fourteen acres. Eight acres of this productive land is devoted to orchard culture, and comprises the follow- ing trees: 300 peach, 200 " Bureau Hardy" pear, 170 Bartlett pear, 80 Winter Nelis pear, 60 cherry, and 50 apricot, besides a few plum, apple, fig, persimmon, and English and black walnut trees. This orchard is in full bearing, and very productive, as the few facts which we mention about the crop of fruit prove. From sixty cherry trees, the fruit has realized an aver- age of $150 per year for the last four years, while 100 Bartlett pear-trees, occupying but little more than one-half an acre, have yielded $3.00 worth of fruit per tree each year for the same length of time. Six acres of the land is used for pasturage. Mr. Selby was born in Callaway County, Missouri, November 24, 1834. He is the son of William and Julia (Turley) Selby, natives of Kentucky, who emi- grated to Missouri at an early date, and were among the pioneers of that State. His father was a carpen- ter as well as a farmer, and in both industries the sub- ject of our sketch was trained. He waS eighteen years of age when, in the spring of 1853, he left home to make the overland trip to California. He reached Santa Clara County in the fall of the same year, and soon located in the redwoods, where he worked for about a year. During the following year he hauled redwood, and fenced in 150 acres of land in the Ber- ryessa District, which he rented and in the working of which he spent about a year. In 1856 he rented 150 acres of land from Colonel Jacques, about one and a half miles northeast of Ber- ryessa. Later he rented and afterwards purchased 150 acres just north of Berryessa, upon which he lived for four years. In i860 he sold this farm, and took up his residence upon the property upon which he now resides. In addition to the cultivation of his place. Mr. Selby engages in contracting and carpenter work- The subject of our sketch was united in marriao-e, in 1856, with Miss Sarah Brelsford, whose parents are residents of Indiana. To them have been born seven children, of whom five are now living. Their names are: Mary, the wife of William E. Trimble, of Berry- essa; Emma, Edwin Abel, residing in Milpitas; Will- iam H., Lizzie L., the wife of W. E. Coombs, of San Jose, and G. Wray. Mr. Selby is a man whose life of industry and in- tegrity has won the respect of a large circle of ac- quaintances. He is deeply interested in the welfare of the Southern Methodist Church, and was one of the organizers and founders of the church of that de- nomination in Berryessa in 1857, being also one of its first Trustees. He now creditably fills the position of School Trustee in his district, in politics he is a Democrat, but liberal and conservative, especially in local politics. -H-^#^-- SpDWARD TOPHAM was born in Toronto, Can- W' ada, on the twenty-fifth of October, 1840. His parents, William and Eliza (Sylvester) Topham, were natives of Ireland, who emigrated while young to Canada, and there engaged in agriculture. Until eighteen years of age he lived on his father's farm, meanwhile receiving such schooling as was afforded by the common schools. At that age he was apprenticed to the trade of blacksmith; however, he remained there but a short time after serving his apprenticeship, before coming to the United States. He traveled quite extensively in the Middle States, in Kentucky, Mis- souri, Illinois, and Ohio, and was also engaged as an assistant engineer on the Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers. In 1 861 he returned to Canada, but after a short so- journ there he returned to the United States, and dur- ing a portion of the years 1862-63 was employed in the government shops at Washington, District of Colum- bia. In the last-named year he again returned to Canada, and entered into partnership with his old employer for three years in Burgessville, and shortly after purchased a foundry and machine shop, which he, with his brothers, conducted until 1868. He then sold out his business and came to this State, locating, in June of that year, in Santa Clara, where he spent about six months in working at his trade. Early in the following year he settled at Milpitas, and there entered into partnership with David S. Boyce, in blacksmithingand carriage works, and in this business he has since continued, having conducted it through all these years most successfully. The subject of our sketch married, in 1874, Miss Hattie Castle, the daughter of W. D. and Frank (Ferry) Castle, residents, at that time, of Milpitas. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 439 Mr. and Mrs. Topham have seven children: Clarence Frank, Edward, Chester A., Blanche, Clifton, and Alida. Mr. Topham has been very successful in all his business enterprises, and is the owner of considerable real estate, among which are seven houses and lots in Milpitas, also a forty-acre tract adjoining the town on the north. In Tulare County he owns eighty acres, which will be devoted to orchard culture, and is also half owner of a large stock ranch in San Benito County, upon which are roaming a large herd of cattle. He is much interested in the finer breeds of horses, and is raising some trotting stock from "Nutwood," "American Boy," " Grosvenor," and other great fami- lies of horses. His horses are well known, and, when entered in the agricultural fairs, take their full share of premiums. He is also a share-holder in the Mex- ican Pacific Railroad. Mr. Topham is well known in social as well as busi. ness circles, and is connected with several industrial organizations. He has been a Director, and is now the President, of the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society, and is also the presiding officer of the District Agricultural Society, No. S, of the State, comprising Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties. For the past fifteen years he has served with credit as School Trus- tee of his district. He is also a Trustee of the Pres- byterian Church, of which his wife is a member. He is associated with San Jose Lodge, No lo, of the Ma- sonic fraternity. Politically, Mr. Topham is connected with the Re- publican party, and is deeply interested in the admin- istration of affairs in his county. As a public-spirited man, and one who is ever ready to devote time and means to the advancement of his section, he is a most useful citizen. —^^ G. F. BERGHAUSER resides on the Hostetter road in the Eagle School District, about four ^ miles northeast of San Jose. There he owns twenty acres of fine orchard land, all under a high state of cultivation, and all set with fruit trees, the larger part of them being apricots and prunes, although peaches, pears, plums, cherries, figs, nectarines, and quinces are among the products of this model orchard. Mr. Berghauser also has table grapes and berries of all descriptions. Such water as is needed for domestic use, and for the irrigation of small fruits, is furnished from pumping wells. The subject of this sketch was born in San Fran- cisco, December 2, 1855, and is the son of John and Margaret (Briel) Berghauser. His father was born in Germany, and came to the United States in 1827. He resided in Charleston, South Carolina, and Rich- mond, Virginia, in both of which places he conducted hotels. The excitement of 1849 brought him to Cal- ifornia in that year, and he established himself in the hotel business in San Francisco. In that enterprise he accumulated a fortune, with which he retired from business in 1853. The mother of our subject is also a native of Germany, who met and married her hus- band in Richmond, Virginia. She is now a resident of San Francisco. J. G. F, whose name heads this biographical out- line, attended the public schools of his native city until eleven years of age, when he was sent to Ger- many to complete his education. He returned to his home in this State when eighteen years of age, and entered into mercantile pursuits, which occupied his attention for three years. The two years following his relinquishment of the mercantile business, he spent in Yolo, Colusa, and Solano Counties, engaged in farm labor. In 1878 he purchased a farm in the San Joaquin Valley, near Gait, upon which he engaged in grain and stock-raising. This farm he operated until, in 1884, he came to Santa Clara County, and com- menced the cultivation of fruit on his present property. Since that time he devoted his attention to the suc- cessful management of his land, and has met with favorable results. He is a respected and esteemed citizen of his community, and much interested in the welfare of the public schools, being at this time a School Trustee. As a native of the State and a resi- dent of one of its most favored sections, he is a strong believer in its future greatness and prosperity. Polit- ically, he is identified with the Democratic party. In 1878 Mr. Berghauser was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Wertz, the daughter of John B. and Elizabeth (Foreman) Wertz, residents of Hum- boldt County, this State, but natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Berghauser have three children : Frida- ricka, Frederick, and Julius. ^ENRY CARREL, of the San Tomas District, is the owner of a highly cultivated fruit ranch of twenty acres on the McCoy Avenue. The or- chard was planted in 1882, principally with French prunes, apricots, and peaches, and Mr. Carrel 440 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." purchased the property in the autumn of 1885. No orchard in the vicinity shows more intelligent, careful, and skillful handling than does this one. The build- ing improvements are excellent, and, all in all, the property gives evidence of the thrift and taste of the owner. The subject of our sketch was born in Ohio in 1843. When he was nine years of age, his father, Abraham Carrel, moved to Pike County, Illinois. There he lived on a farm until eighteen years of age, when, in obedience to the first call by President Lincoln for volunteers to put down the slave-holders' rebellion, he enlisted in the Eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. The State having had seven regiments of volunteers in the Mexican War, the Eighth Regiment was the first Illinois regiment raised for the War for the Union. He was not long afterward transferred to the Tenth Regiment, as the company in which he enlisted had too many men. When the term of his enlistment (three months) had expired, Mr. Carrel was honorably discharged, but at once re-enlisted in the Thirty-third Illinois Infantry for three years, or during the war. In Missouri and Arkansas he served during the first campaign under General Curtiss, and under General Grant in the heroic campaign culminating in the capt- ure of Vicksburg. Later he took part in the cam- paigns in Texas and the Southwest. At Indianola, Texas, he veteranized and visited his home on a fur- lough. His last campaign was in the Gulf Department, in which he did a gallant soldier's duty in the opera- tions which led to the capture of Blakely and Spanish Fort, the defenses of Mobile. His faithful services ended at Springfield, Illinois, where he received an honorable discharge in November, 1865. Among the engagements in which he participated we will men- tion Baker's Creek, Champion Hills, and the Battle of Jackson in the Vicksburg campaign, and the assault upon Spanish Fort. He was never absent from duty, and was in line during every engagement in which his regiment took part. He may well look with pride on his record as a soldier. After the close of the war, Mr. Carrel mastered the mason's and bricklayer's trade, in Pike County, Illi- nois, and this trade he followed until he settled in his present home. In 1869 he removed to Denver, Col- orado, and after living in that city for about four years, he went to Nevada, but came to this State dur- ing the following year. In the spring of 1875 he settled at Victoria, Vancouver's Island, British- Co- lumbia. There, in June, 1877, Mr. Carrel married Miss Susannah R. Miller, who was born in England but reared in Pike County, Illinois. After a resi- dence of several years there, Mr. and Mrs. Carrel left Victoria, and, returning to this State, took posses- sion of their present home. They have two daughters, Florence V. and Ida K. Mr, Carrel is a member of the honorable order of Odd Fellows. Politically, he is identified with the Republican party. .iSRANK W. BLACKMAR. The subject of this '^^ sketch dates his birth in Wayne County, Michi- T gan, in 1852. His father, William C. Blackmar, was born in the State of New York, and located in Michigan, where he engaged in farming. Mr. Black- mar was reared to this calling upon his father's farm, at the same time receiving such an education as the common schools afforded. He continued his farm operations until 1879, in which year he came to Cali- fornia. His first year in the State was spent in San Francisco, and in 1880 he came to Santa Clara County. Upon his arrival he engaged in various pursuits, but principally those of an agricultural character. In 1883 Mr. Blackmar was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Louise Driscoll, the daughter of James Driscoll, of Boston, Massachusetts. In the year fol- lowing he took up his residence on the corner of the Stevens Creek road and Saratoga Avenue, five miles west of San Jose and two miles southwest of Santa Clara, and there engaged in the saloon business. Mr. Blackmar has successfully conducted this en- terprise since that date. His place is well and favor- ably known to all residents, and well patronized, as he keeps a select, quiet, and orderly establishment. He is closely identified with the best interests of the county, and having real estate in San Jose, he feels a deep interest in the welfare and advancement of that city. He is a public-spirited and enterprising citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Blackmar are the parents of three children, viz., Clara, Horace, and Frank. jHHAVID E. GISH, one of California's early pio- neers, was born December 16, 1829, in Tippe- canoe County, Indiana, within a mile and a half of the " Tippecanoe Battle-ground." He is the son of David H. and Susan Gish, who were Virgin- ians by birth and of German descent. The founder of the family of Gish settled in Pennsylvania before Hrtr-^ a^^epe,t^t_, c/' oiCc^^^^c <5'2<^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Ail the Revolution, and four grand-uncles of our subject were volunteers in the battle of Brandywine. In 1837 David H. Gish, the father of our subject, with his family settled in South Bend, Indiana, and there David E. Gish was reared and educated. He was but nineteen years of age when, in 1849 (Feb- ruary 20), he joined a party of thirty which started for California, with ox teams, on the overland route. Schuyler Colfax, late Vice-President of the United States, delivered a parting address to them. One fact, so unusual that it is worthy of historical men- tion, is given by Mr. Gish in these words: " The only spirits on the train were fifteen gallons of brandy provided for use in sickness. The party left Council Bluffs May 10, and arrived at Weaverville, three miles from the present city of Placerville, September 5, and the fifteen gallons of brandy was intact, hav- ing never been tapped." The party started with seventy-two head of cattle, and brought through in fair condition seventy head. Mr. Gish devoted just one year and ten days to mining at different points, with varied success, and then visited Santa Clara County. Being charmed with its climate and soil, he determined to make it his permanent home. His first venture was the tak- ing of a claim three miles west of Santa Clara, where he built a small house and dug a well. On the twenty-third of March, 185 1, Mr. Gish was united in marriage with Mrs. Mary Jane Glover, formerly Miss Mary J. Lemon. He then established his present residence, which is located on the Gish road, between the Alviso and Milpitas roads, two miles north of San Jose. Mr. and Mrs. Gish have eight children living, viz., Mrs. Mary Josephine Hughes, of Humboldt County, California; David W., of San Jose; Aquilla E., who resides near Los Gatos ; Ellison E., of Humboldt County; Thomas' J., who lives near Fort Townsend, Washington Territory; Mrs. Emma J. Herrick, of Humboldt County; Joseph L., of San Jose; and Ida May, at home. The first-born, Sarah E., died at the age of four years and five months, and George W., twin brother of Emma J., died at the age of five weeks. Mrs. Mary J. Gish (nee Lemon), the daughter of John and Elizabeth Lemon, was born in Boone County, Missouri, January 17, 1824. In 1844 she married Aquilla Glover, who was a native of Ken-~ tucky. They crossed the plains and mountains to this State in 1846, reaching Fort Sutter on the twenty-first of October. Mr. Glover was one of the 56 first party who went to the rescue of the ill-fated Donner party in the winter following his arrival. Mr. and Mrs. Glover made their home in San Francisco, he being at work in the mines at Georgetown. He died, November 13, 1849, in his thirty-second year, from sickness caused by exposure in the mines. The following year his widow purchased the prop- erty upon which she has ever since lived. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Glover, viz., John L., who died in February, 1847, at the age of sixteen months; Richard M., who died at the age of eight years and eight months, and is believed to have been the first child born of American parentage in San Francisco, the date of his birth being December. 29, 1847; and James F., who is now a resident of Los Gatos. Mrs. Gish is one of the very few women now liv- ing who came to this sunny land while it was yet a Mexican Province, and remarkable indeed are the marvelous changes which she has witnessed in this beautiful valley. Her father died in Missouri, but her mother still lives, having made her home with Mrs. Gish since October, 1871. She is now eighty-seven years old, and yet retains her physical and mental vigor to a remarkable degree. The homestead upon which Mr. and Mrs. Gish have spent so many years contains fifty-one acres, of which thirty-six acres are devoted to the growing of pears. The residence which Mr. Gish erected in 1854 was the first brick house built in the county outside of San Jose, and the first artesian well outside of San Jose was put down by him about 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Gish are connected with the First Baptist Church of San Jose, they being the only members left of those who composed the church in August, 1851. Politically, Mr. Gish is independent. JONATHAN F. LUPTON, deceased, was born in (2>- the State of Missouri, August 17, 1843. He was W the son of Jonathan and Grace Jane (Hayes) Lupton. The Lupton family were among the earliest settlers of the Golden State, leaving Missouri in 1848, before hearing of the discovery of gold. They spent a few years in the mining district of Amador County, but in 185 1 or '52 they became pioneers of Santa Clara County. They first made their home on the Alameda road, but later removed to the Wil- lows, where the father died in 1871, and the mother 442 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." in 1884. Of their eight children none are now living. Jonathan F. Lupton, on the third of May, 1871, was united in marriage with Miss Alicia L. Hicks. Ten children were born of this union, of whom eight are living. The second child, Clara Alice, died in 1874, at the age of seven months, and the third, Ida May, on the twelfth of October, 1886, at the age of eleven years. The three eldest children are now (1888) in school. The names of the living children, in the order of their birth, are: Mary Grace, Jonathan H., Lewis Edward, Alicia Mabel, Marcus Leslie, George W., Marvin, and Ernest W. Mrs. Lupton is a native of the South, dating her birth in Decatur County, Georgia, July 7, 1849. She is the daughter of N. H. and Mary (Norris) Hicks. Her father came to California with the gold-seekers in 1849. His wife, with their ten children, followed him in 1852, becoming pioneers of the Willow Dis- trict. Their home was located on Los Gatos Creek, where the parents lived until their death. Mr. Hicks died in 1878, at the age of seventy-six years, his wife surviving him nine years, dying at the advanced age of eighty-two years. Mrs. Lupton is the youngest of a family of eleven children, eight of whom are now living. Wellington died while the family was on the way to California. A brother, Augustus C, and a sister, Mrs. Mary Finley, are also deceased. The names of the living are: Achilles, Mrs. Caroline Biggs, Mrs. Martineau Winters, Mrs. Josephine Whyers, Mrs. Arene M. Jenkins, Napoleon B., Mrs. Louisa Watson, and Mrs. Lupton. A self-educated man, Mrs. Lupton's father was a great student and a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Politically he was a Democrat. Jonathan F. Lupton, the husband of the subject of the above paragraph, was one of the active, energetic, public-spirited men of the Willows. In his death, his wife and children lost a devoted husband and father, while the community in which he made his home mourned a good citizen and a kind neighbor. In his political views he was a Democrat. Mrs. Lupton and her children were left well pro- vided for, as at the time of his death Mr. Lupton owned forty acres, fifteen of which were planted with trees. The family residence, on a plat of twenty acres, is situated on Hicks Avenue. 1M/$REDERICK D. BALLARD, residing on Mc- Coy Avenue in the San Tomas District, bought his property, consisting of thirty acres, in 1882, and upon a stubble-field commenced the work of creating a splendid orchard home. The building improvements are noticeably good, tasteful, and well- ordered, while the orchard is hard to excel. During the season following his purchase, Mr. Ballard set out 600 pear-trees, the following season 600 apricot and 400 egg plum trees, the third season 400 French prune and 400 apricot trees, and later, 200 peach trees. Every tree in this young orchard shows the care and skill with which it is handled. The household orchard contains fig, orange, plum, cherry, apple, and peach trees, besides a few specialties. Mr. Ballard dates his birth in Pike County, Illinois, in 1844. The family removed to Boston, and in that city of culture the subject of our sketch was educated and attained his majority. Having mastered the printer's art, he plied his trade in many different cities in various States, living in Chicago, St. Louis, and other cities in Missouri and Kansas. From St. Joseph, Missouri, he came to San Jose in 1875, and in that city married, in 1882, Miss Maria Palen, the daughter of James and Cecilia Palen. Mrs. Ballard has been a resident of San Jose since 1876, when she came with her aunt, Miss Maria Palen, from Michigan. Mr. Ballard has become an enthusiastic horticultur- ist, and with his enthusiasm has united painstaking care and practical knowledge, which are most neces- sary for the production of the best results. Like all of his craft, he is deeply interested and well posted in all public affairs. He is an ardent Republican and a firm believer in the importance of the protection of American industries. He is connected with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. ATRICK HANNON, who owns property in the Pioneer District, three miles north of the busi- ness center of San Jose, has been identified with Santa Clara County since 1854. He was born in County Kildare, Ireland, in September, 1830. In his youth he was trained to the work of a farmer, and that work has been the vocation of his life. When seventeen years of age he decided to seek his fortunes in the unknown New World. Conse- quently he crossed the ocean and landed at Quebec. The five years previous to his coming to this State were spent in that city. He chose the Isthmus route, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 443 and, upon his arrival in this State, came at once to Santa Clara County. He never engaged in mining, but the first seven years were spent in the employ of others, engaged in farming and stock-raising. He worked faithfully for Samuel J. Hensley for four years, and three years for Captain Aram. With the fruits of the industry and economy of years, he purchased, in 1862, twenty acres, which now forms the larger part of his estate, he having added fifteen acres to it. He is engaged in fruit culture, having seven acres in orchard and six acres in small fruit. Several acres are devoted to the raising of hay, while some of the land is in vegetables and some in pasture. In 1862 Mr. Hannon married Miss Letitia Kelly. He was bereaved by her death, which occurred in 1872. She was a native of Ireland, as is Mr. Han- non's second wife, formerly Miss Delia Rogers. By his last marriage Mr. Hannon has one child, Annie L. The subject of this sketch came to this State a poor man, and, while he does not now call himself a rich man, still he owns a good, comfortable home, for which he owes not one dollar. Although cir- cumstances deprived him of early educational ad- vantages, yet an active, retentive mind, constantly learning through contact with the world, has amply compensated him for the disadvantages of his youth. In politics he is a Democrat, but liberal in his views on all questions, and a believer in the policy of pro- tection of American products. 4ILLIAM C. MILLER, one of the successful horticulturists of the Lincoln School District, resides on the corner of the Bollinger and Blaney roads. His property consists of twenty- four acres of fine vineyard and orchard land in a high state of cultivation. It is principally devoted to the production of wine grapes of the following varieties: Cabernet (Franc and Sauvignon), Sauvignon Vert, and Berger, with about fifty vines of Muscat, Rose of Peru, and Isabella Regis for table use. The or- chard furnishes fruit for domestic use. Mr. Miller purchased the land in 1886, and it is his intention eventually to have the apparatus necessary to convert his grapes into wine himself He claims Pennsylvania as his native State, dating his birth in Union County, October 31, 1836. His mother died during his infancy, leaving him to the care of his aunt, who resided in Danville, Montour County, Pennsylvania. His youth and young man- hood were spent in that place, and there he received his education, and commenced his chosen career, as a druggist and chemist, at the early age of fifteen years. After devoting three years in learning his profession, he located in Ashland, Schuylkill County, and there established a drug store, which he successfully con- ducted for about eight years. During this time, in 1859, he married. In 1863 he determined to seek a new home in far- off California, and, with his wife, made the long jour- ney across the continent, locating in San Francisco, where he entered the employ of Thayer & Wakelee, with whom he remained until 1865. He then pur- chased the drug store of J. H. Coggeshall, on the corner of Pacific and Stockton Streets, where he con- ducted an honorable and profitable business for many years, remaining in charge of it until 1881, when he disposed of his store and removed to Santa Clara County and took up horticulture. After a residence of about five years in the Moreland District, he vis- ited Los Angeles County, spending some time in seeking a desirable location. Not being suited with the lower part of the State, he returned to Santa Clara County and purchased the property upon which he now makes his home. Mr. Miller is a man of sound business principles and habits of industry, and, with the aid of his long busi- ness experience during an active life, he is bound to build up a valuable vineyard, which will be an acqui- sition to his neighborhood. He has unbounded con- fidence in the future of the wine industry of California; and if wine dealers and producers will use their ut- most endeavors to raise the standard of quality in their products he believes that the day is not far dis- tant when pure, wholesome light wines will find a ready sale throughout the United States at remuner- ative prices. sANDOLPH W. APPERSON. Among the successful agriculturists of the county, must be "^X^ mentioned the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. His farm, of eighty-two acres, in the Braley District, is situated on the Saratoga and Alviso road, about two miles north of Lawrence. With the exception of a small orchard, which yields a choice variety of fruit for domestic use only, the ranch is de- voted to the production of hay and grain. Two ar- tesian wells furnish all the water needed, one of them 444 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." having a depth of 362 feet, and giving a fine flow of two inches above a seven-inch pipe. Randolph W. is the son of Dr. John Apperson and AHce (Faver) Apperson, natives of Culpeper County, Virginia, who removed to Washington County, Vir- ginia, where the subject of our sketch was born in 1809. His youth was spent upon a farm, which his father conducted in addition to his professional duties. In 1829, with his parents, he removed to Franklin County, Missouri, where his father continued the practice of medicine, while he engaged in farming op- erations, until 1 83 1. Then, after spending one year in mercantile life in Franklin County, he went to Dent County, in the same State, opening there a general merchandise store, which he conducted with profit for about, three years. Returning in 1835 to Frankhn County, he resumed his former occupations of farming and stock-raising. That he was successful and con- tented we may know from the fact that he remained in that locality and business for twenty-eight years. When he left Missouri, in 1863, it was to make his home in Cahfornia, the favored State of the Union. Reaching San Francisco via the Panama route, he made a stay of about eight months in the city, before coming to Santa Clara County. Upon visiting this county he purchased the farm which he now occupies and cultivates. Mr. Apperson in his youth received such scanty schooling as could be gained in the rural districts in that day, but his ambitious disposition and habits of industry led him to educate himself. He may be styled a self-made man, for his successes have been due, not to particularly fortunate circumstances, but to his strong determination to merit success, by doing all in his power to advance himself by all honorable mean!3. Public-spirited and progressive in his views, he is a valued citizen of his section. Politically, he is a Democrat, but is liberal and conservative in his views. In 1830, when just entering manhood, Mr. Apperson became converted to the cause of Christ, and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, con- tinuing an earnest member of that denomination until after his marriage, when, during a winter season spent in Iowa, he joined the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, becoming an elder of that organization. His life has been consistent with his profession of religion, for, by precept and practice, he has shown his love for the Master. He was married, in 1840, to Miss Drusilla Whitmire, a daughter of Henry Whitmire, a native of South Carolina, and a resident of Franklin County, Missouri. Of the three children born from this union, two are living, Phoebe Elizabeth and Elbert Clark. The for- mer married George Hearst, of Missouri, who is now the able United States Senator from California. The latter married Miss Elizabeth Sutherland, daughter of William Sutherland, of Santa Clara County, and now resides upon a farm of his own ntar his father's home. .bENRY C. JUDSON. Among the many fine =l=° ranches of Santa Clara County, mention must 1^ be made of that owned by the subject of this sketch. It is located on the San Francisco road, adjoining the western limits of Santa Clara, and consists of 160 acres of valuable and productive land. Fourteen acres are in vineyard in full bearing and in fine condition, producing many varieties of grapes, among which may be noted the Muscat, Black Ham- burg, Rose of Peru, Mission, Charbano, Zinfandel, Tokay, and Verdal. Ten acres are devoted to fruit culture, producing pears, apples, peaches, apricots, and other varieties for family use only. But by far the larger part of the ranch is devoted to the growing of grain and hay, and to the raising of stock, among which are found thirty head of thoroughbred horses, the famous stallion "Wildidle" (conceded to be one of the best horses in the State and valued at $10,000) being at the head. The celebrated horses, "Jim Douglas," "Freda," "May D.," "Ella Doane,"and sev- eral others, of which "Wildidle'' is the sire, were bred and reared on this farm, and are justly noted as rank- ing among the finest stock produced in the State. Mr. Judson dates his birth in Onondaga County, New York, in 1845, and is the son of James and Ann (Easterbrook). James Judson was born in New York State, and Ann Easterbrook born in Devonshire, England. His father came to California in 1856, and settled in San Francisco, where, in company with his brother, he was extensively engaged in business pur- suits, they being the promoters and incorporators of" the Giant Powder Works, the Judson Manufacturing Company, the California Paper Company, the San Francisco Chemical Works, and many other similar enterprises. Mr. Judson's youth was spent in securing an educa- tion, he being a graduate of the excellent grammar and high schools of San Francisco, in which he took' high rank. At the age of eighteen he commenced his business career in the San Francisco Chemical Works. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 445 He made rapid progress, and at the age of twenty- four years was promoted to the superintendency of the entire business, holding this position until sickness compelled his resignation, in 1879. During the two years following, his health was such that it was im- possible for him to attend to business; but in 1881, having partially recovered, he took up his residence on the place which he now occupies, and which his father had purchased in 1879. Bringing into his new occu- pation intelligent and well-directed business qualities, combined with energetic action and . a spirit of progress, he has placed himself among the leading farmers and stock- raisers of this county, while as the proprietor of the "Wildidle Farm" he is widely known. In 1877 Mr. Judson married Miss Ella A. Doane, daughter of Joshua G. Doane, of San Francisco. They have one child, Lottie D., aged at the present writing (1888), ten years. IHOMAS B. SHORE, of Millikin School Dis- trict, is the owner of a beautiful and productive tract of 320 acres, on the Saratoga and Alviso Road, about three miles west of Santa Clara, The ranch, which is in a high state of cultivation, is principally devoted to the growing of hay and grain, for which it is well adapted. The proprietor also pays considerable attention to the raising of stock, both horses and cattle. Comfortable and well-ordered buildings, in connection with the general appearance of the ranch, denote a prosperous and successful re- sult that must necessarily attend such intelligent and energetic efforts as have been put forth by its owner. Mr. Shore was born in Washington County, Mis- souri, in 1834. His father, Thomas P. Shore, was a native of Kentucky, and his mother, Isabella (Hyde) Shore, of North Carolina. His early life was spent in work on his father's farm, and in receiving such learning as the schoolsof that new country afforded. In 1850 his father and himself (he being but fifteen years of age) started for California upon the overland trail. The pack train toiled and dragged along its weary journey, unattended by any startling incident, but undergoing the hardships constantly occurring on a trip of that character, until it reached Salt Lake City. Their provisions being exhausted, it was nec- essary that more should be procured here, and in order to do this the party to which the Shores were attached were forced to seek work from the Mor- mons, and thus earn the money needed to supply their wants. When leaving Salt Lake City, the company, against the advice of the Mormons, decided to enter California by the southern trail. This portion of their journey was attended by severe hardships and privations. Deep morasses and swamps, rendered al- most impassable by rains, rUgged mountain trails, swollen streams, and arid deserts devoid of water, — all these obstacles were finally overcome, and the party arrived safely in California, in the year men- tioned above. Mr. Shore's previous outdoor'life proved of great benefit to him on this expedition, readily en- abling him to endure the exposure and hardships. Soon after their arrival the father and son went to mining in what is now known as Nevada County. Not meeting with satisfactory results, they came into Santa Clara County in the autumn of 1850, and settled in the present Braly School District, about five miles northwest of Santa Clara, thus becoming early pioneers of the county. In 185 1 Mr, Shore's father went East by the mail steamers, via the Isthmus route, and returned to California the following year with his family, making his second trip overland. He thert settled in Mount- ain View, in this county, where he resided until his death, which occurred in 1873. The mother died about thiee years later, and both parents lie in Mount- ain View Cemetery. It is worthy of notice that both parents of Mr. Shore's wife are also buried in that cemetery. In i860 Mr. Shore married Miss Agnes O. Bubb, daughter of William Bubb, of Mountain View. Six children have blessed this union, their name and ages (in 1888) being as follows: Paul Henry, twenty-five years of age; Thomas W., twenty- three years of age; Oscar D., twenty years of age; Edith M., seventeen years of age; Clara B. and Mary A., aged respectively fourteen and ten years. Mr. Shore has had the best of opportunities for witnessing the growth and development of the county, to which he has added largely. On account of his long residence in the county, and of his energy and public-spirited action in all matters referring to the general good, he is widely known and universally respected. JBRAM AGNEW. Among the many fine farms -P> of Santa Clara County, mention must be made of that owned by the subject of this sketch. It contains 1 1 5 acres of prod-uctive land, situated at Agnew Station, on the South Pacific Coast Rail- 446 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." way, three miles north of Santa Clara. Twenty-five acres of. the ranch are devoted to the cultivation of strawberries, Longworth, Sharpless, and. Cheney being the principal varieties. Two acres are given to the production of raspberries, while six acres are in fruit- trees, the products of which are apples, pears, peaches, prunes, and quinces. Ten acres are covered with alfalfa, forty-five acres yield grain and hay, and the remainder of the farm is devoted to the pasturage of the fourteen dairy cows and other stock. Four artesian wells furnish an abundance of water for irrigation, for domestic uses, and stock, while the surplus is utilized in supplying a pond, one acre in extent, which is stocked with carp. Mr. Agnew is a native of Knox County, Ohio, where he was born January i, 1820. His parents, Jonathan and Mary (Prather) Agnew, were natives of Pennsylvania, whence they emigrated, in 1812, to the county of his birth, being among the earliest settlei's of that section of Ohio. He was reared to farm labor, receiving such schooling as was afforded by the schools of that date in pioneer settlements. When eighteen years of age he went to Frederlcktown, Ohio, where he apprenticed himself to a blacksmith. After becoming master of the trade he remained in the same employ, as a journeyman, until 1845, when he removed to Beardstown, Cass County, Illinois, where he worked at his trade for about a year. His health then failing him, he was advised by his physi- cian to seek its restoration by travel, and he started, in the spring of 1846, across the plains for Oregon. Upon his arrival there he located in Yam Hill County, engaging in the only work which he could find at the time, — that of rail-splitting. He remained in Oregon but a short time, starting overland for his Ohio home, in June, 1847. At St. Joseph, Missouri, he stopped and worked at his trade until the next year, when he continued his journey to Ohio, where he remained until March, 1850. At that time he began his third overland trip, this time directing his course to Cali- fornia, where he arrived in August of the same year. He immediately commenced work in the mines of El Dorado County, afterward engaging in the same occupation in Placer County. Thus the time was spent until 1852, in which year he returned to work at his trade, establishing a blacksmith shop in the mining town of Yankee Jim, in Placer County. This undertaking he successfully conducted, in company with a partner, until 1855. During this time (in 1853), leaving the business in charge of his partner, he again returned to Ohio, this time choosing the Isthmus route. In the fall of that year he went to Iowa, and, purchasing there a drove of cattle, started them across the continent. He arrived in Sacramento Valley, after a long and tedious journey, in August, 1854, and placed his cattle on a ranch in Yolo County, which he had previously taken up. Until the sale' of his cattle, in the fall of 1856, he devoted his time to their care, as well as to other business interests. On disposing of his stock he closed up his other business affairs, and, in 1857, again returned East, locating in Ma- haska County, Iowa, where he engaged in the occupa- tion of farming. There he remained for several years, with the exception of part of each year of- 1860-61, spent in Colorado, caring for stock and working at his trade. He returned, in 1874, to his old home in Ohio, and after a short visit turned his face westward once more, with the expectation of making California a permanent home. With this in view he established his home in the lovely and fertile Santa Clara Valley on the farm described at the beginning of our sketch. Mr. Agnew is a man of the energetic and restless qualities which characterize the pioneers of our coun- try, and he also possesses the intelligence and the interest in public affairs which are necessary qualities of the good citizen. As such he is an esteemed member of the community. After spending so much of his active life in travel, and in change of occupa- tion and residence, he is the better fitted to enjoy the comparative quiet of a life in his pleasant home in one of the loveliest spots on the earth. Politically, Mr. Agnew is a Democrat, of conservative and liberal views. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and is identified with San Jose Grange, No. 10. He was united in marriage, at Fredericktown, Ohio, by Rev. Mr. Farris, in 1853, with Miss Sarah J. Barber, daughter of Jesse Barber, of Knox County, Ohio. From this marriage three children were born, viz.: Hugh C, who resides on the old homestead; Lizzie, the wife of George Smith, of Santa Clara, at which place they reside; and Jesse B., a resident of Tulare County, California. °ORRIS SKINNER, residing on the Williams road, in the Moreland District, a little west of dxf the Santa Clara and Los Gatos road, is the ! owner of a fine orchard property of eighteen acres. The orchard comprises 1,000 French prunc- irecs and 650 apricot-trees in bearing, one acre being reserved for a household orchard, where maybe found BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 447 nearly every variety of deciduous fruit adapted to the climate. Mr. Skinner bought the property in the autumn of 1884, of J. F. Thompson, who had one or two years previously set out most of the trees that are now on the place. Of the crop of 1887, $1,700 worth of fruit was marketed. But little over one- half of the orchard contributed in making up that result, the remainder being too young to be in bearing. The subject of this sketch came to Santa Clara County in- the spring of 1884 from Dayton, Ohio, where, for a number of years, as the senior member of the firm of Skinner, Bradford & Co., wholesale dealers in millinery goods, he had been in active busi- ness. He was born in Miami County, Ohio. His father was a merchant, and a portion of his youthful years were spent in assisting him~as clerk, and a por- tion in working on his father's farm. From 1850 to 1857 Mr. Skinner held a position as clerk in a mer- cantile establishment in New York city, following which he owned and managed a farm in Ohio. Later still, as before stated, he engaged in business in Day- ton. In the city of New York, in 1856, he wedded Miss Carrie Duval, who died in Dayton in 1874. His pres- ent wife, formerly Miss Dora J. Mayhew, he married in January, 1883. She was born in the State of Maine, and in that State received her rudimentary education. Graduating after a course of study at Maplewood Seminary, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Miss Mayhew became a teacher in Troy, Ohio, and for twelve years was thus employed, when, desiring rest, recreation, and further improvement in her chosen vocation, she visited Europe, and there pursued a course of study in the languages, especially French and German. Mr. and Mrs. Skinner are members of the Presbyterian Church at San Jose. Having spent many years in active life, Mr. Skin- ner in the mercantile business, and his wife in her pro- fession as an educator, both are content in the quiet of their pleasant home, in which they justly feel some pride. Being fitted by character and education to ap- preciate the best things in any locality where they may make their home, they are much delighted with life in California. ■ EORGE BYRON is the owner of a tract of land, containing 116 acres, in the Braley District. It is about two miles southwest of Alviso, and seven miles northwest of Santa Clara, and is located at the junction of the Alviso and Mountain View and Saratoga and Alviso roads. Here Mr. Byron occupies a pleasant cottage home, surrounded by lovely grounds, and filled with the comforts and conveniences of refined life. With the exception of thirteen acres of strawberries, and three acres of orchard, this farm is devoted to the raising of hay, grain, and stock. The cultivation of strawberries is confined principally to that of the Longworth and Sharpless varieties, while the orchard furnishes nearly every kind of fruit raised in the section. Artesian wells furnish all the water for irrigation, stock, and domestic purposes. The subject of this sketch was born, in 1820, in Glasgow, Scotland, of which city his parents, George and Marion (Turner) Byron, were natives. His boy- hood was spent in school, but in early manhood he learned the trade of dyer, in which his father was en- gaged. In 1840 his father emigrated to New Zea- land, whither he had accompanied him. There they engaged in farming, and after a residence of five years the son removed to the city of Adelaide, Australia, where he established a mercantile business, which he ' successfully conducted until 1849. Thinking that a good business opening had been made by the great influx of men from all parts of the country, caused by the California gold discovery, he decided to venture upon another move. Collecting a supply of general merchandise, such as would be needed in a new coun- try which was rapidly filling up, he embarked, in Feb- ruary, 1849, for San Francisco, where he arrived in June of the same year, thus becoming one of the pio- neer merchants of the city. He found it impossible to obtain a building in which to open his store, and was compelled to pitch his tent, and use it tempo- . rarily both as a store and dwelling. He found this venture a successful one, but in March of the follow- ing year decided to engage in mining. With this pur- pose in view he went to the mines on the North Fork of the Middle Fork of the American River, but, after a sixth months' trial, he concluded that the life there was not suited to his tastes, and returned to San Fran- cisco. He conducted with success various enterprises in that city until, in 1852, he removed to Santa Clara County, purchasing 160 acres of land, thus enrolling his name among the early farmers of the county. He acquired the property which he now occupies in 1862, and in 1873 sold his original purchase. Mr. Byron was united in marriage, in 185 1, with Miss Jane Anderson, the daughter of John and Jane (Robertson) Anderson, natives of Scotland and resi- dents of San Francisco. Of the nine children born 448 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." to Mr. and Mrs. Byron, eight are now living. Their names, with their present residence (in 1888), are here given: Jane R., the wife of David M. Henderson, is a resident of Oakland, California; George A. mar- ried Miss Mabel Pelham, of Oakland, and resides in this county; Marion is also a resident of Oakland; John A. makes his home on one of the Sandwich Islands; Amy Grace married Samuel Center, then a resident of Santa Clara County, but now of the Sand- wich Islands; Ilelen M., William T., and Alexander A. make their home with their parents. Mr. Byron's long residence in the State and county has given his neighbors and acquaintances every op- portunity to "try the man," and his sterling qualities, uprightness of character, and public spirit have won from them their respect and esteem. A long experi- ence in business affairs, and a knowledge of the ways of the different parts of the world in which he has made his home, make him a valuable and interesting acquisition to any community. Politically, he is a strong and consistent Repub- lican, taking a great interest in the administration both of State and national affairs. A strong believer in the future greatness of the country of his adop- tion, he was one of the most ardent supporters of the government when the war clouds of rebellion swept over the land. ^ARTIN S. GIBSON, whose home is situated on Curtner Avenue, near its junction with the Almaden road, is the owner of one of the finest fruit orchards in the Willow Glen District. The seventeen acres, covered with about 2,200 trees, of all ages, comprises prunes, apricots, peaches, and cherries. Mr. Gibson purchased this property, known as the "Old Harper place," in March, 1887, paying $6,500 for it, and considered it a rare bargain. Mr. Gibson was born in Chenango County, New York, May 25, 1827. He is the son of Sewell and Mary (Leonard) Gibson, who were natives of that State. His father was of Scotch, and his mother of English, extraction. In 1835, when Martin was but six years old, his father died, being fifty-four years of age, and leaving seven small children, six boys and one girl. Of these, A. D., the eldest boy, died June 13, 1866, aged fifty-four; the sister, Mary E., died March, 1866, at the age of forty-four. There are still living: James A., aged seventy-one; John H., aged sixty-eight; Ira M., aged fifty-eight; Abel L., aged fifty-four. His mother, who remained a widow, con- tinued to live in New York until 1842; she then re-- moved to Erie County, Ohio, where she lived until the fall of 1850, when she settled, with her four youngest children, in Dell Prairie, Adams County, Wisconsin. At the same place Martin S. Gibson and Elizabeth, daughter of J. C. and Nabby Dockham, were united in marriage, April 16, 1855. She was a native of the State of Vermont. They lived in Adams County for seven years after their marriage, engaged in farming. They then removed to Baraboo, the county seat of Sauk County, Wisconsin, and engaged in general farming and hop-raising. In 1 870, after years of suc- cessful hop-raising, he sold his real estate and estab- lished himself in the boot and shoe trade, doing quite an extensive manufacturing and retail business at Baraboo. Four years later he again turned his atten- tion to agriculture. June 10, 1887, he left the rigorous climate of Wisconsin, and, with his family, came to Santa Clara County. In a short time he took posses- sion of his present home. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson have two children, Sewell C. and Bessie, the latter being still at home with her parents. Mr. Gibson is a good, substantial citizen, and a man of sound judgment, and is well worthy of the pros- perity which, he enjoys. In politics he is a thorough Republican. He has taken an active part in religious affairs, being, with his wife, a member of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church of over thirty years' stand- ing. ->H4^>gH.-(§C.^ .|||ACOB SWOPE, Jr. The subject of this sketch S^ resides upon and owns a fine tract of no acres, ^ situated at the junction of the Kifer and Cofifin roads, in the Jefferson District, three and one-half miles northwest of Santa Clara. Thirteen acres are in strawberries of the Longworth and Sharpless varieties, and onions are quite extensively raised. These two products, with that of a small orchard, form a small part of the yield of this large farm, the principal part of it being in hay and grain. Mr. Swope also pays considerable attention to the raising of stock, includ- ing some fine draft horses, among which may be noted a beautiful stallion of the Percheron breed, which is but three years old and weighs over 1,700 pounds. Mr. Swope dates his birth in Boone County, Kentucky, September 27, 1829. (A sketch of the lives of his parents precedes this sketch.) In youth he was trained in agriculture, and he has made it his life work, taking in connection with it stock-raising. In 1849 he crossed the plains with his brothers, Thomas and John, and soon after his arrival went to mining in El Dorado County. He worked in the mines in various parts of the State for about two years, and then returned to Platte County, Missouri, and purchased a farm, to the cultivation of which he devoted a year or two. Removing to Clinton County, Missouri, he there engaged in farming and stock- raising until, in 1864, he again made the overland trip to California. During the following year he be- came a citizen of Santa Clara County, purchasing the property which he now owns. While living in Missouri, he married, in 1853, Miss Polly H. Long, the daughter of Reuben Long, of Clay County, Missouri. From this marriage were born eleven children, of whom ten are living. Will- iam T. married Miss Ella Haun, and lives in Mon- tana; Margaret A., born in 1856, makes her home in Santa Clara; Edwin, born in 1857, and Harriet H., born in i860, live respectively in Montana and Santa BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 471 Clara; Mary, born in 1864, and Clara, born in 1866, reside in Santa Clara, while Jacob W., Emma, Susan, and Reuben K., born respectively in 1862, 1867, 1869, and 1872, are members of their father's household. Politically Mr. Swope is a Democrat of liberal views. ^AVID W. COFFIN resides on the Coffin road, in the Jefferson District, about three and a half miles northwest of Santa Clara, where he owns sixty-five acres of an original tract of 160 acres, which he secured under a government patent. These lands are desirably located and are highly productive, being chiefly used as a hay and grain ranch, with ten acres reserved for strawberries of the Longworth and Sharpless varieties. Such stock is raised as is needed for carrying on the farm operations. All the water required is furnished by two artesian wells, one of which is worthy of special mention, being 508 feet in depth and sending a volume of water three inches above a seven-inch pipe. The subject of our sketch was born December 14, 1 8 14, in Washington County, Maine. His parents, Richard and Hannah (Whitten) Coffin, were natives and residents of Maine. The time before he reached his fifteenth year was spent in attending school, and in farm duties. At that time he was sent into the woods to work, and from that time until 1849 he was engaged in various occupations, among them ship- building and lumbering. In the last-named year, excited by the wonderful tales of easily acquired wealth in the El Dorado of the West, he determined to visit that country. His way of reaching it was somewhat out of the common run, as, with thirty- two other young and enterprising men, he formed a partnership to furnish and fit out a sailing vessel. They purchased the bark Belgrade, Captain Horatio Flummer, of Addison, commanding, and loaded it with the material required for the complete construc- tion of a river steamer, including all the necessary machinery, in addition to lumber, stores, etc. The party sailed from Cherryfield, Maine, in November, 1 849, on their voyage round Cape Horn to California. A long and tedious passage of six months followed, devoid of accident and incident, with the exception of the very sad "one of the death of three of the members of the party, Foster Jacobs, Hiram Tab- botts, and a Mr. Cates, all natives of Maine. Arriv- ing in San Francisco in May, 1850, the vessel was unloaded, and the construction of the steamer pushed to completion. The steamer proving a complete success, it found I'eady sale, after which the dis- posal of all the other property was effected, and the company disbanded. At this time Mr. Coffin was prostrated by a severe illness, caused by the exposures and severe labor of his long voyage. For six months he was unable to attend to any business, but upon his recovery he came to Santa Clara County, in 185 1. Here he established himself upon the land which we have described, becoming one of the pioneer farmers of the county. Always a firm believer in the future prosperity of his county and State, he has been fore- most in all plans for the improvement of his section. He is an intelligent citizen and a respected neighbor. He is a consistent member of the Advent Christian Church, in which he takes a deep interest. Politically he is an ardent Republican, but conservative and lib- eral in his views. Mr. Coffin was united in marriage, October 6, 1849, with Miss Martha W. Hall, the eldest daughter of Simeon and Sarah (Coffin) Hall, natives and resi- dents of Addison, Maine. Six children have blessed this union, two dying in infancy. |ENJAMIN CRAFT is one of the large land- owners of the county. His farm, of 218 acres, is situated in the Doyle School District, about four miles southwest of Santa Clara; 118 acres of the land, upon which is his comfortable residence, is on the north side of the road, while the remainder lies on the south side and farther west. The ranch is entirely devoted to the growing of hay and grain and to stock-raising, with the exception of a small portion reserved for the cultivation of fruit and vege- tables, for domestic use. Mr. Craft was born in Jefferson County, New York, January 20, 18 19. He is the son of Samuel and Czarina (Holmes) Craft, both of whom were natives of New York. Of the eight children in their family, two have become residents of California, — Lewis and Benjamin. The former came to this State in 1851, and is now engaged in farming in San Diego County. The latter followed his brother three years later, by the Nicaragua route. Landing in San Francisco in 1854, he started on foot for Santa Clara County. Mr. Craft's means, at that time, were decidedly limited, and fell short of stage fare; but he was rich in courage and perseverance, and, with this wealth, commenced 472 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." work, immediately upon his arrival, for Isaac Thomp- son, in the grain field. He remained in Mr. Thomp- son's employ until the fall of the same year, when he went to the mines. There he found work hard to secure, and, rather than remain idle, he worked for his board. At last he obtained, by purchase, another man's place. His industry and reliability soon gained recognition, and he easily obtained employment for the next four years. In 1858 he returned to Santa Ciara County, and, finding that the drought of the preceding two or three years had greatly reduced the price of land, he took advantage of the opportunity and purchased the 116 acres upon which he now re- sides. The wisdom of this venture is now made ap- parent in the fine condition of the fertile land, and in the ease with which it might be sold for a price greatly in advance of that paid for it. The purchase of the 100 acres before mentioned was consummated about five years later. In early life Mr. Craft was reared as a farmer, and was deprived of nearly all educational advantages, but, with his characteristic energy and ambition, he entered upon a course of study and educated himself, after he had reached the age of twenty years. These traits have influenced him throughout his busy life, making him a most successful farmer and a respected citizen. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Church, and one of its strong supporters. In politics he is a faithful Republican, but still very liberal in his views, taking a lively interest in the political questions of the day. In 1864 Mr. Craft was united in marriage with Mrs. Carrie (Sallows) Jeffreys, a resident of Santa Clara County, and the daughter of Robert and Ann (Bines) Sallows, residents and natives of Essex County, En- gland. From this marriage three children were born, two of whom are living, viz.: William H., aged (in 1888) twenty-three years, and Benjamin A., aged twenty years. By her former marriage Mrs. Craft had two daughters. The elder, Jennie E. A. Jeffreys, died December 24, 1881, at the age of twenty-two years; the younger, Annie B. Jeffreys (in 1888), is twenty-five years of age. |||ARRY WILLETT, deceased. The subject of home is on Lincoln Avenue, near the ea.stern (^ terminus of Pine Avenue, has been a resident of Santa Clara County since 1853. He was born in Knox County, Indiana, January 11, 1822, and is the son of Grove and Clarissa (Olmstead) Pomeroy. His father was a native of Western Massachusetts, and his mother of Eastern New York. Thus, although born in different States, they lived in the same neigh- borhood. They were among the pioneers of Knox County, Indiana. When the subject of this sketch was an infant his parents removed to Sullivan County, Indiana, and when ten years of age to St. Joseph County, and thence, two years later, to Plymouth, Marshall County, in the same State. There his father built the first house, a log structure, sixteen feet square. In the same year, 1834, he erected and occupied a frame house, probably the first in Marshall County. The lumber used in building this heavy-framed two- story house was cut by hand, with whip-saws. The building was 18x48 feet, and for many years was the leading hotel of the county. There met the commis- sion which was appointed by the governor to locate the county seat. The county was organized in 1836, and much excitement was aroused by the selection of the town which was to be honored by the keeping of the county records. Rival towns were aggrieved by the efforts made by Plymouth to secure this honor. Mr. Pomeroy took an active part in the movement, and he had the satisfaction of seeing Plymouth become the county seat. Later, he improved a farm situated about three miles from Plymouth, but, with his wife, spent his last years in Plymouth, where he died November 2, 1854, at the age of sixty-five years. His widow survived until December 14, 1869. Grove Pomeroy was a volunteer in the War of 18 12, and in later life was for seven years judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was a man of great force of character, well educated, a clear reasoner, with perfect command of language, and of great public spirit. His death was universally regretted. Hiram Pomeroy, the subject of this sketch, was reared carefully by his father, and owes his success in life largely to the lessons learned in his youth. He married, in Marshall County, April 13, 1847, Miss Harriet Taylor, daughter of Simeon and Nancy (Bradley) Taylor. She was born in New York, but from a child reared in Marshall County. In 1853 Mr. Pomeroy and his wife came by way of the Isthmus to California. Upon arriving, he started for the mines on Jamison Creek, Plumas County, but, remaining there only one summer, he came to San Jose. Leav- ing his family at this place, he departed for Tuolumne County, where he mined for six months. With the small sum made in this venture, he rented 200 acres of land near San Jose, in company with D. Meyers. A dry season following, they lost their entire crop. Mr. Pomeroy then moved to Gilroy, worked in a dairy eighteen months, and paid his debts like a man. He settled in Calaveras Valley, Milpitas Township, in BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 475 1857, purchasing a pre-emption claim of 160 acres. Later he planted a vineyard and an orchard, which he sold. For twenty-nine years he resided in that township, and in the autumn of 1886 he established his present residence. His home is one of the finest on Lincoln Avenue, and was erected in the winter of 1885-86. Five acres of his land he bought in 1875, paying $300 per acre, and five acres in 1883, at $325 per acre. The ten acres are planted with a variety of trees, prunes and peaches forming the largest part. Mr. Pomeroy has devoted his life to agricultural and horticultural pursuits. His grandfather, Grove Pomeroy, was one of the heroes of the Revolution, serving four years under General Lafayette. He was present at the surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, the closing drama of the war. In the War of 18 12 he received a Captain's com- mission, but did not live to go into the field. Hiram Pomeroy is a Republican, of Whig anteced- ents, a member of the Masonic mystic fraternity, and present Master of San Jose Grange, No. 10, Patrons of Husbandry. j_(g^.^gH ^RISTAM BURGES, the proprietor of the Gt^ " Watchemoket " farm, on the San Jose and Los Q)" Gatos road, in the Hamilton District, is the rep- resentative of an old New England family, who trace their American ancestry back to the days of Roger Williams, of the Providence Plantations, Rhode Island. Mr. Burges bears the name of his father and grand- father. His grandfather, Tristam Burges, represented Rhode Island in the halls of our National Congress for ten years, and was before the public in various po- sitions for a longer period than the life of an average generation. His record as a public man, for ability, integrity, and faithfulness, has rarely been equaled. In debate he was the peer of the brightest intellects gathered in the halls of Congress. All readers of Con- gressional history will remember his celebrated debate with John Randolph, of Roanoke, which alone would have made him famous. He was often called the " Bald-headed Eagle," of Rhode Island, and the words, as applied to him, had a high significance. He died in 1853. Tristam Burges, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a prominent man in public affairs in Rhode Island. A member of the State Senate at the out- break of the Rebellion, he entered with heart and soul into the work of putting Rhode Island troops into the field. A Colonel's commission was given him, by President Lincoln, to enable him to become a volun- teer on the stafiT of General Sprague, and afterward on the staff of General McClellan. After the evacuation of Yorktown, in his zeal to be at the front, he attached himself temporarily to the staff of General Stoneman, and at the battle which followed the retreat of the rebel army fought at Williamsburg, he was so severely wounded that he died afterward, May 23, 1863. Tristam Burges, whose name heads this sketch, was born at Providence, Rhode Island, May 14, 1843, and was reared and educated in that State. He did honor to the patriotic principles inherited from father and grandfather, by enlisting as a member of the First Rhode Island Cavalry, from which he was soon trans- ferred for special duty. In 1865 he became a resident of San Francisco, where for many years he was actively engaged in business. During the early period of his residefice there, he acted as Clerk of the Probate Court for seven years. In August, 1884, he bought the thirty-one acres (then unimproved property) upon which he now lives. During the winter following, his residence was erected, in the designing of which his chief care was the combining of comfort and durability with beauty. His family took possession of their pleasant home on the sixth of March, 1885. All of his building im- provements are first-class in every respect. His land (prepared for planting by himself) is set to French prunes and Moorpark apricot trees, in equal numbers. The orchard is now (1888) only three years old, but among the many fine orchards of Santa Clara County, none are seen more promising, and none that show better care, than this one. Mr. Burges is identified with the Republican party, and is a member of^the George H. Thomas Post, G. A. R., at San Francisco. He is also one of the leading members of the Masonic fraternity on the Pacific Coast. In 1888 he was Grand Commander, Knights Templar, of California, an honorary member of St. Bernard Commandery of Chicago, and the rep- resentative of the Grand Commandery of Illinois, "near the Grand Commandery of California," and also Grand Representative of Dakota. He was the or- ganizer of the Golden Gate Commandery of San Francisco; a member of the Oriental Lodge, F. & A. M.; of the California Chapter, R. A. M.; of the Cali- fornia Council, R. & S. M.; and of the Golden Gate Commandery, K. T. He has also the honor of being 476 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." a thirty-second-degree member of the Scotish Rite fraternity of Masons. In 1867 Mr. Burges married Miss Isabell R. Lucy^ daughter of George H. Lucy, of Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. They have two children: Charles B., aged nineteen years, and Edith A., aged sixteen. f^ H. LEEMAN, whose fine residence stands on Lincoln Avenue, between Willow Street and Minnesota Avenue, has made his home at the Willows since 1874. He first lived on Willow Street, where his son, Frank C. Leeman, now lives. From 1859 to 1874 Mr. Leeman was one of the lead- ing citizens of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and until re- cently he has had large real-estate interests there. His birth occurred in the State of Maine, January. 10, 1 8 19, where he remained until he reached man- hood. He became a practical millwright and con- tractor, and erected, at Lewiston, Maine, on contract, nearly one million dollars' worth of buildings. He was one of the early resident mechanics and con- tractors of Lawrence, Massachusetts, and helped to build the old Bay State Mills. He recalls the fact that the first personal property tax paid in the new town (which had been set off from Methuen) was paid by himself. Mr. Leeman has always led an active life, pushing every enterprise in which he has been en- gaged with great energy, and always with success. His life in California, compared with that of former years, has been somewhat retired. Still he has active interests in different directions, to each of which he gives close personal attention. He is one of the stock- holders of the Commercial Savings Bank, and a Di- rector and stockholder in the Burns Wine Company, established in 1886. Mr. Leeman married, in Maine, Miss Amanda Em- erson, a native of that State. She is a cousin of the late Ralph Waldo Emerson. Frank C. Leeman, residing on Willow Street, be- tween Lincoln Avenue and the Meridian road, at the Willows, is the owner of a fine residence and orchard, which is planted with a variety of fruit trees. He dates his birth at Lewiston, Maine, July 15, 1852, and is the only son of W. H. Leeman. From six years of age he was reared and educated in the city of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and became the assistant of his father in conducting a large wholesale and retail gen- eral grocery and supply business. He came with his father to California, and established his home at the Willows in 1874. In 1878 Mr. Leeman wedded Miss Hattie Veom. Mr. Leeman is a thorough, practical horticulturist, and, though not caring to become an extensive grower of fruit, has great pride in doing what he can to ob- tain the very best results from his ten-acre plat, which shows excellent care and attention. IMORREST G. JEFFERDS, residing on Hamilton s^ Avenue, in the Hamilton District, bought his five- X acre orchard in January, 1886. His orchard is now six years old, and comprises a general va- riety of trees, including four kinds of prunes, apricots, peaches, quinces, plums, and cherries. There are also a few apple-ttees. The orchard in 1887 yielded about $500 worth of fruit. Mr. Jefferds' birth occurred in Piscataquis County, Maine, August 26, 1829. When fifteen years of age he left the Pine-Tree State and removed to Massachu- setts. In 1846 he volunteered for service in the Mex- ican War, in Company A, Massachusetts Volunteers. His Captain was Fletcher Webster, a son of the re- vered statesman, Daniel Webster. In January, 1847, the regiment entered the city of Mexico, after thirteen months' service. Mr. Jefferds was honorably dis- charged at Boston. His war experience naturally in- clines him to feel an interest in all that pertains to war times and old comrades. He is a member of the MexicanVeterans, of San Jose,and also of the National Association of Veterans of Washington, District of Columbia. As early as 185 1 Mr. Jefferds became a pioneer settler of California. He was engaged for four years in placer mining in Nevada County, and in 1855 changed his residence to Yuba County, where he worked at hydraulic mining. He followed that busi- ness until 1 861, when he removed to Tulare County, where he engaged in stock-raising and general farm- ing. Tulare County was his home until 1884, when he sold his ranch and stock, and moved to Oakland, and thence to his present home. For eleven years in Tulare County he held the ofifice of County Assessor. After a life filled with adventure and frequent change Mr. Jefferds now enjoys a somewhat retired life in his pleasant home in this lovely and fertile valley. In Yuba County he married, in 1853, Zanetta D. Whitney, who was born in Waltham, Massachusetts. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 477 He was bereaved by her death, which occurred in Tu- lare County, in October, 1868. She was the mother of three children. Edward M. is now a resident of Visalia, Tulare County; Minnie is the wife of S. W. Watrous, of Tulare County; and Netta is the wife of H. L. Clark, of Oakland. In 1870 Mr. Jefferds married Mrs. Nellie (Frakes) Reed, widow of Tilden Reed. She is a native of Ohio. By her first marriage she had five children, of whom two are deceased. Jennie, the wife of W. W. McKee, died at Oakland; M. Fillmore, residing at Belmont, Nevada; Mrs. Julia Morrell, living at San Jose; Leonard A., deceased; and Tilden, of Belmont, Nevada. Mr. Jefferds has one child by his second marriage, Nellie F. He is identified with the Republican party. Several orders claim him as a member — Four Creeks Lodge, No. 94, I. O. O. F., of Visalia; Visalia Lodge, A. O. U. W., and Garden City Council, No. 62, Chosen Friends, of San Jose. ^=EYMOUR R. ALLEN is the owner of a fine or- chard home on Cypress Avenue, a short distance from the Stevens Creek road, in the Meridian District, and three and a half miles west of San Jose. Mr. Allen has resided in the immediate neigh- borhood of his present home since 1872, and has had much to do with the development of its horticultural interests. He has planted about fifty acres with a variety of fruit-bearing trees, of which his home prop- erty comprises twelve acres. About one-half of his trees are now (in 1888) five years old, and the re- mainder three and four years old. His comfortable residence was completed and occupied in the autumn of 1883. He dates his birth in Madison County, New York, June 29, 1 82 1. He was reared to a farm life in that county, and received his education in the schools of his neighborhood. On the twenty-ninth of June, 1841, he was united in marriage to Miss Samantha Reed, who was also born in Madison County, New York. He engaged in agriculture in his native county until the call was sounded for the nation's patriots to aid in putting down the Rebellion. In response to that call he enlisted, in September, 1 861, in Company G, Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers. He served in the Army of the Potomac, and took part in the engagements in which McDowell's corps participated. His service was terminated by sickness, which neces- sitated an honorable discharge, in March, 1863. The old farm life was resumed in Madison County, but continued only until the spring of the following year, when he went westward, to Hamilton County, Iowa. There, in Webster City, Mr. Allen made his home for several years, in fact, until 1872, when he came to Santa Clara County. A residence of six- teen years has made known to his fellow-citizens the qualities of integrity and honesty which have won for himself and his family the respect and esteem of all who know them. Mr. Allen has led an active life, and now enjoys the pleasures of a home in the beau- tiful valley of Santa Clara, surrounded by his chil- dren. His four sons, Francis M., Adelbert M., Lester S., and Frank A., all live at home or in the immedi- ate neighborhood. All of the children were born in Madison County, New York. Mr. Allen is an hon- ored member of John A. Dix Post, G. A. R., of San Jose. In politics he was formerly a Democrat, but is now a Republican. POHN J. PEARD, of Hamilton District, com- menced the improvement of his five-acre tract, T on Hamilton Avenue, from a grain field, in the winter of 1884. His orchard, which is now four years old, covers the whole ground. It comprises 294 prune, 98 apricot, 238 peach, 112 cherry, 14 apple, 14 pear, and 14 egg plum trees. All are in good condition, the ninety-eight apricot trees, but three years old, yielding, in 1887, about three tons of fruit. Mr. Peard was reared in Genesee County, New York, where he was born, September 14, 1842. He volunteered for service in maintaining the nation's integrity, in the autumn of 1862, enlisting in the Twenty-second Independent New York Volunteer Battery. He served in that organization in the de- fenses of Washington for about eighteen months, when the Battery was transferred, as Company M, to the Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, and in May, 1864, joined the Army of the Potomac, at North Anna, Virginia. He participated in the battle at Cold Harbor, and was in the lines at the investment of Petersburg. Later he was transferred to the Shen- andoah Valley, under General Sheridan, and there, among other battles, he took part at the engage- ments at Winchester, Cedar Creek, and Fisher's Hill, returning to the lines in front of Petersburg for win- ter quarters. He also participated in the closing 478 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." campaign of the army in Virginia, which culmina'ed in the surrender of the rebel army at Appomattox, and, after the surrender of General Lee, was trans- ferred to the Second New York Heavy Artillery, and remained in garrison at Washington, near Chain Bridge, until honorably discharged, in October, 1865. Mr. Peard was never in hospital or guard house, but always engaged in active duty. His faithful dis- charge of every duty as a soldier gives him the right to look back with satisfaction to the part he bore in the defense of his country. Mr. Peard left the State of New York in 1873, and for four or five years was on a ranch in Yolo County, this State. For the past ten years he has resided in Santa Clara County, renting and operating the Coley fruit farm at the Willows, where he lived until No- vember, 1887, when he removed to his own property in the Hamilton District, having had charge of both places until the present season. Mr. Peard's parents, Thomas and Frances A. Peard, were of Irish descent. They joined their children in this county in the spring of 1886, his father dying here on the first of February, 1888, at the age of seventy-seven years, while his mother resides with him and is his home-keeper. A brother of the subject of this sketch, Robert, lives in Batavia, New York. One sister, Frances, is the wife of George T. Gribner, of the Willows, and the other sister, Kate, is the wife of C. D. Smith, a resident of San Jose. Politically Mr. Peard is a member of the Republi- can party. Like most old soldiers, he is connected with the Grand Army of the Republic, being a mem- ber of Phil. Sheridan Post, No. 7, G. A. R. He is also identified with San Jose Camp, No. 125, Knights of Pythias. |ILLIAM BEAUCHAMP, a citizen of the Wil- low District, owns a thrifty orchard of six acres, which is located on the Meridian road, between Willow Street and Hamilton Avenue. This orchard is one of the best cared for, for its size, in San Jose Township. Mr. Beauchamp commenced tree-planting on the twentieth of January, 1880, and all the trees, except less than a hundred, have been set out by him during his occupancy. The orchard produces a diversity of fruit, of which cherries and prunes form the largest part. Apricots, peaches, and pears are found, also a few experimental trees of Jap- anese varieties. Mr. Beauchamp is also experiment- ing in tea-culture. Mr. Beauchamp dates his birth in England, March 6, 1833. He acquired a taste for horticulture in his youth, and has made it the principal work of his life- time, never being satisfied with^any other occupation. He came to the United States in November, 1854, landing at New York city. In March of the follow- ing year he came west to Illinois, and lived for two seasons in Lee County, that State. Thence he re- moved to Mower County, Minnesota, where he took a claim in High Forest Township. He occupied this claim but a short time, and in March, 1857, bought land in Bostwick Valley, La Crosse County, Wiscon- sin, where he made his home until he crossed the continent to California, the State of all States, in which to follow his favorite work — horticulture. He has made Santa Clara County his home since Jan- uary, 1880. Mr. Beauchamp married Mrs. Esther Yarrington in January, 1887. Politically Mr. Beauchamp is identified with the Republican party. He feels great pride in his pro- ductive orchard, and with good reason, for it gives evidence of the painstaking care which it is his delight to bestow upon it. — -**>^>§^-(§^-p§)- pAPTAIN FRANK DUNN. Among the horti- culturists of this section must be mentioned the subject of this sketch, who owns a very produc- tive orchard and vineyard tract in the Braley District. This tract is on the San Francisco road, at its junction with Reed Lane, about three-fourths of a mile west of Lawrence. Of the thirty acres which it contains, six acres arc set with cherry trees, one acre each with pears, peaches, prunes, and plums, and eight- een acres are devoted to the growing of vines, which furnish wine grapes of the Cabernet and Walbeck varieties. The remainder of the property is occupied by the fine residence, surrounded by a beautiful lawn and substantial out-buildings. As showing the care exercised by Captain Dunn over his fruit interests, mention may be made of the fact that one cherry tree of his orchard (age unknown) produced, in 1887, 330 pounds of marketable fruit, while in the same year several of his vines yielded 30 pounds each of fine grapes. Mr. Dunn was born in Nova Scotia in 1833. He is the son of Thomas and Mary (Dunn) Dunn, natives of Ireland, who emigrated to Nova Scotia with the historical Selkirk Colony, in 18 12. He was reared to a farmer's life, receiving such education in his boyhood as was furnished in the traditional log school-house of that early day. In 1843 his father moved his family to Calais, Maine, and in that seaport the son con- tracted a love and desire for a seafaring life, which lasted for more than thirty-six years. When but twelve years of age, he commenced his life on the rolling deep, by making his first voyage as a sailor in the schooner Mary Chase, Capt. George Knight com- manding. Two years later he enlisted in the United Stated Navy for service in the Mexican War, as a boy in the sloop-of-war Saratoga, and shortly afterward was transferred to the sloop-of-war Portsmouth, where he rapidly rose in his profession, being made Cox- swain of the Commodore's barge. He participated in the bombardment of Vera Cruz, and his bravery and conscientious discharge of every duty won for him much favorable comment. At the expiration of his service in the navy, he was highly complimented by Commodore Francis H. Gregory for his exemplary conduct throughout the term of his service. Later he entered the Merchant Marine Service, and, as before, was most successful, being, at the age of nineteen years, Chief Mate of a large clipper ship. He was ad- vanced rapidly, and, when he reached twenty-six years of age, occupied the proud position of -Captain of one of the finest ships of the period. In 1861 the love of change led him to China, where he entered the employ of the old house of Russell & Co., of Shanghai. There he remained for two years, and then went into the employ of the Japanese Government, as com- mander of steamers in the transport service. He was also in charge of a Government dispatch boat during the Civil War in Japan, after which he commanded the Tokio Maru, the pioneer steamer of the "Three Diamond Line," connecting the Pacific Mail Steam- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 485 ship Company (mail line), with Shanghai, through the inland Sea of Japan, in which service he remained un- til the assassination of the Japanese Prime Minister, Okubo, who was the founder and promoter of this line. The death of Okubo caused a change in the ad- ministration of the company. This occurred in 1878, and was the cause of Captain Dunn's return to the United States. Landing at San Francisco, he visited Santa Clara County, and, struck with its beauty and fertility, he purchased the property upon which he now makes his home. But, having spent so many years in change and adventure, he was not satisfied with the quiet life on a farm, and after about a year's residence here returned to China, and entered into the employ of the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, engaging in the survey and sounding of the Hue River, the entrance to the capital of Anam. He was also sent to Scotland, to superintend the construc- tion of a steamer suitable for the Anam trade, with which he returned to China. This steamer he com- manded until the advent of the French in the Ana- mite War, which compelled the withdrawal of the steamers and the abandonment of the enterprise. The captain then returned to Santa Clara, and took up a permanent residence upon his estate. An intel- ligent, energetic, public-spirited citizen, he is one of the best and most favorably known men of the section in which he resides. A large experience of affairs, and a thorough knowledge of men and things gained in travel and residence at home and abroad, make him a valuable acquisition to the social and secret societies to which he belongs. He is one of the founders of the Lawrence Social Club, having served as its President during the first two years of its existence. He was also one of the promoters of the Horticultural Hall Association of San Jose, and since its organization has .served continuously as its Secretary. He is con- nected with the Masonic Lodge, and also with the San Jose Grange, in which he has served one term as Master. .^•^« IHATCHER F. BARNES. Among the large land owners of the county we mention the sub- ject of- this sketch, whose fine farm of 260 acres in the Alviso District is located one-half mile north of the Alviso and Milpitas road, and about two and one-half miles east of Alviso. An orchard, bear- ing apples, pears, and quinces, covers eight acres, while nine acres produce strawberries of the Sharpless and Cheney varieties. Ten acres are devoted to asparagus, and the remainder of this large farm is used for the raising of hay and grain, and for stock purposes. Mr. Barnes is greatly interested in stock-raising, particu- larly in the improvement of the trotting stock of the county, to accomplish which he is breeding from several thoroughbred marcs. The water required for irrigation, stock, and other purposes, is furnished by four artesian wells, two of which flow two and one-half inches over a seven-inch pipe. The subject of this sketch dates his birth in Cayuga County, New York, on the seventeenth of April, 1828. His parents were Luther and Zipporah (Ferris) Barnes, who were residents and natives of the place of his birth. He was reared as a farmer, and in his youth received a good practical education. In 1852 he crossed the plains to California, bringing with him considerable stock. He reached Oroville, Butte County, on the first of September of that year, and at once proceeded to Marysville, Yuba County. There he disposed of his stock, and after a short stay in Sac- ramento went to the mines of El Dorado County, where he spent one year. He then engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising in Monterey County, and there mad^ his home until, in 1856, he removed to Santa Clara County, and located near Alviso, upon land rented from the Alviso estate. This land he cultivated as a grain ranch for about four years, and then pur- chased and took possession of the land heretofore described, to which he has since given his entire attention. In May, 1850, the subject of our sketch was united in marriage with Miss Mary Van Wie, the daughter of Henry and Lydia (Conger) Van Wie, residents of Cayuga County, New York. They have two daugh- ters, — Imogene and Eudora. The former is the wife of Rufus Fisk, formerly of Santa Clara County, but now a resident of San Luis Obispo County. The lat- ter married Edward Crossette, of San Francisco. Mr. Barnes is an educated and intelligent man, one who, by energy and the practice of good business prin- ciples, has won much success as an agriculturist and man of business. He has accumulated a fair share of this world's goods, and has justly earned the esteem of his associates. Politically he is connected with the Republican party, taking a deep interest in all public affairs. During the dark days of the Rebellion he was made Captain of the Alviso Rifles, a position which he retained until their disbandment, in 1866. 486 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." JAVID HOBSON. Special mention should be made of the rich and productive farm of the above-named owner. This tract of land, 175 acres in extent, is situated on the south side of the San Jose and Berryessa School Districts, about three miles northeast of San Jose. Upon the twenty acres devoted to orchard culture he has the following trees: 600 pear, 500 apricot, 300 cherry, 200 apple, 400 Silver prune, and 100 French prune. The re- mainder of his land is used for the production of grain and hay, and for raising stock. Of the latter he has some fine specimens of full-blooded Durham, Holstein, and Jersey cattle. Upon this place are to be found some of the finest surface wells in this section, fur- nishing all the water required for stock and other purposes. The subject of this sketch was born in North Caro- lina, February 20, 1822. His parents were Stephen and Mary (Bond) Hobson, both natives of that State. His father was engaged in various enterprises, among which were extensive works for the smelting of iron, and a flour mill. A portion of his time was also given to agriculture, and to this industry the subject of our sketch was reared. Mr. Hobson received but little education in his youth, but remedied this defect when he became his own master. In his young man- hood he was engaged in- his father's smelting works as a "hammer " man, and also held other positions in the iron manufactory. The great emigration to this coast decided him to seek his fortune in the "Golden State," and accord- ingly; in 1850, he started across the plains. The train to which he was attached made but slow progress. The emigration was so large during this year that it was impossible to keep on the trail. Everything like vegetation was swept clean for miles each side of the trail, and, in order to supply the stock with feed, it was necessary to make miles of deviation. The ferry on the North Fork of the Platte River was worked to its full extent for weeks. Six hundred wagons a day were ferried at this point for six weeks ! Mr. Hobson reached Sacramento, after a long and tedious trip, on the fourth of October, 1850, and soon after entered the mines in Tuolumne County. He followed mining with varying success, until 1853, when he came to Santa Clara County. Several months were spent in working in the Redwoods, and at farming. He then purchased the lands before de- scribed, and began their cultivation. Having tired of farming, he returned, in 1855, to the mines, and there remained four years. In 1859 he went back to his farm, and spent the next year in its improvement, setting out trees, etc. During the following year he spent some months in the mines. However, this was his last experience in mining, for since that time he has devoted himself, with great success, to agricultural pursuits. Mr. Hobson is well known and much esteemed in the community in which he resides. He is a consist- ent member of the Society of Friends, and his daily life is a noble exemplification of the tenets of their belief He is a strong temperance advocate, and is a member of Eden Division, No. 5, Sons of Temperance. Politically he has heretofore been a Republican, but now advocates the principles of the Prohibition party. He is a strong supporter of all public measures tend- ing to advance the welfare and elevate the morals of his section and county. In 1866 he married Miss Mary E. Langensee, the daughter of Charles Ludwick and Christiana B. Lan- gensee, natives of Germany but residents of Santa Clara County. Mr. and Mrs. Hobson have ten chil- dren living. Their names are : Annie C, Philip, David W., Alfred, Elvira E., Mary E., Charles S., Jesse v., Franklin B., and Ruth Isabelle. ^HARLES INGLESON is one of the pioneers ^^ of Santa Clara County, having been a resident of it since 1850. His farm, in the AJviso District, is located on the Alviso and Milpitas road, about one and one-half miles east of Alviso. His fifty-two acres are devoted chiefly to the growing of grain and hay, although a small portion is used for a small fam- ily orchard; twelve acres produce strawberries of the Sharpless, Cheney, and the Queen varieties, and two acres raise vegetables. A goodly supply of water is furnished by two artesian wells. A comfortable cot- tage home, with substantial out-buildings, corresponds with the prosperous condition of the farm. Mr. Ingleson was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1823, and is the son of Robert and Mary (Ogier) In- gleson, residents of Maryland, but natives of England. The first years of his manhood were spent in Balti- more, in the work to which he was trained in his youth — that of gardening. The gold excitement of 1849 was not without its effect upon his after life, for he determined to visit this State, and accordingly, in May, 1850, he embarked at New York for Cali- fornia, coming by the Panama route, and arriving at San Francisco on the sixth of August. He visited the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 487 mining districts, but failing health necessitated his re- turn to the city, and from there he came to Santa Clara County in October of that year. Here for five years he farmed on shares for Mr. A. H. H. Hatter, on what is now the Ogier homestead. In 1855 he bought a tract of 200 acres on the San Jose and Alviso road, about five and one-half miles north of San Jose, and there engaged in the raising of stock. During the following year he bored an artesian well, it being one of the first in the county. Mr. Ingleson was united in marriage, in 1857, with Miss Louisa Bergan, the daughter of Joshua and Mary Bergan, of Baltimore. Five years after his marriage Mr. Ingleson sold his ranch on the Alviso road, and from that time until 1874 cultivated and lived upon rented lands. In the year last mentioned he pur- chased and took possession of his present home, and "has since made its cultivation his business. His long residence in the county has made his associates thor- oughly acquainted with him, and he is known as a successful agriculturist, a man of honor in business affairs, and a useful citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Ingleson have eight children. Their names are: Mary, the wife of Michael Harper, living in Santa Clara County; Robert and Charles, resi- dents of this county; John, married and residing in San Luis Obispo County; Annie Elizabeth, James, Margaret and Clara, who reside on the old homestead with their parents. ^-^•^ SCHUYLER B. DAVIS, deceased. The subject of this sketch was born in North Carolina, De- cember 24, 1824. His father. Col. P. I. Davis, was a veteran of the Mexican War, and a prom- inent man in the different sections in which he lived. Mr. Davis received his schooling and his education as a farmer at the place of his birth. In 1836 he commenced a three years' course at the Estabrook College, after the completion of which he engaged in teaming between Knoxville and Augusta, Georgia. After spending about two years in this occupation, he took charge of a toll-road, owned by his father. In 1842 he accompanied his father's family in their em- igration to Missouri, where he followed agriculture for a time. He engaged in cattle dealing, selling largely, in 1845, to Samuels and Hoynes, Liverpool packers. During the following year he continued the business with the United States Government, filling large contracts for beef cattle to be used in the Mexican campaign. He also superintended the herd- ing and driving of these cattle to Santa Fe. Return- ing home from this trip, he engaged in various pur- suits until 1850, when he crossed the plains to Cali- fornia, following his father's family, who had come to the State the preceding year. His overland trip, with emigrant train, was unaccompanied by any startling events, with the exception of some pillaging by the Indians, who levied upon them for forced contribu- tions of clothing, provisions, cattle, etc., the smallness of the party being such as to render submission on their part necessary. Upon his arrival in California he proceeded directly to Santa Clara County, arriving here September 8, 1850, thus becoming one of its early settlers. In the following year Mr. Davis returned to Missouri, leaving San Francisco on the second of September, by way of the Panama route. The steamer upon which he took passage was wrecked off Cape St. Lucas, and was towed into the port Acapulco. Thence he pro- ceeded to the city of Mexico by mule train, thence by stage to Vera Cruz, thence by water to New Or- leans, going from that city directly to his home, which he reached on the sixth of November after a long and adventurous journey. Early in 1852, accompanied by his family, he again made the overland trip to California, arriving at Placerville July 17, whence he went directly to Santa Clara County. Settling his family in the village of Santa Clara, he purchased a farm on the Alviso road about a mile southwest of that place, which he culti- vated with success until 1857, when he purchased and established his residence upon the land upon which his widow now makes her home. By intelligent and well-directed efforts, he brought the estate to its pres- ent high state of cultivation. An energetic and cult- ured man, he was greatly esteemed by his associates and by every member of the community in which he lived. As one of its pioneers, he was always deeply interested in the development of the interests and products of this county. In 1868 he established large grain warehouses at Lawrence Station, on the South- ern Pacific Railroad, thus affording storage and ready shipment for the products of that section of the county. He successfully conducted this enterprise until his death, which occurred February 27, 1882, as the re- sult of a fall from the roof of his warehouse, suddenly ending a useful career while he was yet in the prime of his life. 488 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." In 1843 Mr. Davis married Miss Lucinda F. Beaty (a sketch of whom is given below). From this marriage were born three children: Mary E., mar- ried Edwin Baker, at this time (1888) a real estate agent in San Luis Obispo, California; Emma H. is the wife of Ora N. Kent, now a resident of Boston, Massachusetts, and one of its most prominent mer- chants, and a descendant of the old house of Kent, so well known throughout New England; Charles C. died in Santa Clara County, November 18, 1887. Lucinda F. Davis, the widow of Schuyler B. Davis, resides on the San Francisco road, about two and one-half miles west of Santa Clara, and n the owner of an extensive farm of 140 acres, upon which she has a pleasant and commodious residence, surrounded by well-ordered out-buildings. Formerly the land was principally devoted to grain and hay raising, with a small acreage in fruit trees, but of late years, since her husband's death, Mrs. Davis has rented quite a large tract to C. C. Morse, of the Pacific Seed Gar- dens, whose lands adjoin this farm. She is thus afforded much needed rest from the cares and labors attendant upon the successful cultivation of the ranch. Mrs. Davis was born in Tennessee, in 1825, being the daughter of John and Julia (Carter) Beaty. Her father was a native of Tennessee, while her mother was born in Virginia. When she was very young, her parents became pioneers of Chariton County, Missouri. In 1843 (as stated above) she married Schuyler B. Davis, and, through their long married life, shared with him all the trials and disappoint- ments, as well as enjoyed the success they achieved, finally reaping the well-earned reward of their com- bined labors in the tranquil enjoyments of the com- forts and even luxuries of her beautiful home. sjjJIACOB H. LORD was born in Penobscot County, & Maine, in 1829. His parents, Tobias and Mary ^ A. (Fowler) Lord, were natives of that State. His early youth was spent on a farm, but at the age of fourteen years he entered the lumber woods, and for years was practically schooled in the hardships and work incident to a lumberman's life. In 1850 he entered into business upon his own account in the lumber districts of his native State. Desirous of a larger field of operations, in 1854 he located in Wis- consin and entered into the lumber business on the St, Croix Hiver, locating himself ^t River Falls, Pierce County, where he was also engaged in mercan- tile pursuits. In 1881 he entered into partnership with his son, Hersie F. Lord. In 1882 Mr. Lord sold out his lumber interests, and devoted his atten- tion to the prosecution of his mercantile pursuits un- til 1887, when he sold out his store and came to Cal- ifornia, locating in San Jose. A long life devoted to business, in which he has accumulated a fortune, has entitled Mr. Lord to a life of ease, and in seeking San Jose he has availed himself of its delightful climate, while still surrounded by the luxuries and life in a city. At No. 468 South Second Street he owns a fine cottage home, where he resides. He is also the owner of twenty acres of land adjoining the property of his son, Hersie F. Lord, on the Hostetter road, where he has a cottage home. This place, in connection with his son's, is known as the " Minnesota Twins," and in its products, etc., is almost an exact counterpart of that owned by his son, a description of which appears in this work. In 1 85 1 Mr. Lord married Miss Caroline Little- field, the daughter of Samuel and Dolly Littlefield, who. resided in Hancock County, Maine. From this marriage four children are living, viz.: Hersie F. (a sketch of whom is in this volume), Tobias, who mar- ried Miss May Hamilton, and resides in San Jose; Alice, who married John Moe, residing at Berryessa, Santa Clara County; and Flora D., who married Nerval McGregor, residing in San Jose. Mr. Lord is a member of the I. O. O. F. He is a Democrat in politics, and, although never seeking for political hon- ors, was elected a Supervisor of Pierce County, Wis- consin, during his residence there, as also the Chair- man of the Town Board of River Falls. ~>H4> SLJ2 ■A<-<-<- IfoSE J. BERREYESSA. Among the historical ^ families of Santa Clara County are the Berrey- ^ essas, to which the subject of this sketch belongs. He dates his birth November 9, 1841, at the old mis- sion of San Jose. His parents were Carlos Antonio and Josefa (Galindo) Berreyessa. His grandiather, Nicholas Berreyessa, emigrated from Mexico to Santa Clara County over 100 years ago. His mother's father, Crisostomo Galindo, who died in 1877 at an advanced age of 106 years, was born in Santa Clara County, his father having emigrated from Mexico prior to the establishment of the missions in this county. Mr. Berreyessa was reared to farm life and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 489 stock-raising; liis education was entirely neglected, but in later years he educated himself. After start- ing in life for himself, Mr. Berreyessa was not satis- fied with the life of a farmer, and engaged in other pursuits, among which was that of threshing grain, and by his industry and economy, combined with his acquired business habits, ' was able to purchase a threshing-machine, engine, etc., and for many years has been actively engaged in this calling. In 1873 Mr. Berreyessa was united in marriage with Miss Helena Agnes Davis, the daughter of Thomas and Ellen (Herron) Davis. Her father was a native of England, but at the time of her marriage was a resident of Virginia City, Nevada. Her mother was of Irish descent; she died when Mrs. Berreyessa was but three years of age. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Berreyessa four children have been born, viz.: Josephine Agnes, December 31, 1876; Mary Catherine, February 13, 1879; Mary Elizabeth, March 20, 1881; and Frederick, November 10, 1885. Mr. Berreyessa is a consistent Catholic. In politics he is a strong Republican, one who takes an intelli- gent interest in the political affairs of his county. He is among the few representatives of the old Cal- ifornian or Mexican families that have been able to thoroughly Americanize themselves. He is deeply in- terested in the growth and prosperity of the county, and is ever ready to render all the aid in his power to any enterprise for the advancement of the section in which he resides. Mr. Berreyessa is the owner of, and resides upon, a tract of thirty-five acres, situated in the Berreyessa School District, on the Schweigert road. This is mostly hill land, and is devoted to hay, grain, and stock-raising. He has some fine Norman horses, though the greater part of his stock is of the common breeds. JUGH A. LEIGH, one of the leading horticul- turists of the Cambrian District, residing at the <§) head of Leigh Avenue, near the old bed of the Los Gatos Creek, was born on the island of Jersey, in the English Channel, December 21, 1855. His father. Dr. Alexander Leigh, was Surgeon of the Sixtieth Rifles of the Queen's Army for many years, and his father had been an army surgeon during his active life. Dr. Alexander Leigh resigned his com- mission for a more quiet practice on the beautiful Jersey Island. There his useful life ended in 1870. His widow (formerly Miss D. H. Godfrey) was left 62 with ample means to care for herself and her' two children, Hugh A. and Teresa. Before his father's death, Hugh A. Leigh, whose name heads this sketch, became enamored of the sea, and entered upon a seafaring life, which he followed until his determination to make this State his home became fixed. This determination was reached in 1872, when, upon the arrival of his vessel at San Francisco, from Hongkong, he employed his leisure time in looking over the country, with which he was delighted. Upon the arrival of his vessel at England, he left the service, and, after spending two months with his mother at his childhood home, he re-embarked for New York city. Thence he went to San Fran- cisco, reaching that city during Christmas week, in 1873. For a short time after his arrival, Mr. Leigh made his temporary home at Mountain View, in this- county. In 'July, 1874, his mother, Mrs. D. H. Leigh, with her daughter, came from England and joined him. They then bought 180 acres of choice fruit land, in the Cambrian District, where they now make their home. For this property, upon which Mr. Leigh and his mother yet reside, they paid $16,300 in cash. The land was under cultivation, and had been devoted to grain-raising and general farming for several years before they purchased it. Mr. Leigh followed the same system, but, not being satisfied with the results, he began tree-planting in 1881, when an orchard of fifteen acres was set. To this thirty acres was added in 1883, twenty acres during the following year, and during the succeeding period the size of the orchard has been increased more or less each year. At the present time (1888) the orchard comprises sixty acres, as the fifteen acres planted ' in 1881 were sold in the autumn of the following year, at $300 per acre. During the same season, seven ten-acre tracts and one tract of five acres were sold, at $200 per acre. A twenty-acre tract has also been disposed of. All of the property which has been sold is now covered with flourishing orchards. The homestead, which is rightly considered one of the finest horticultural possessions in the district, now comprises seventy acres, of which (as before stated) sixty acres are devoted to fruit culture. Prunes and apricots are the leading fruits, while peaches, pears, and a variety of plums are found on the place. Twenty English walnut trees, thirty- three years old, add the grace of their handsome foH- age to the orchard. In 1887 forty-nine tons of apri- cots were gathered from 1,000 trees, of which one-half. were three and one- half four years old. This large yield realized nearly $1,500. During the same season, 490 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." $300 worth of fruit was sold from 180 peach trees. Mr. Leigh has had much to do with advancing the horticultural interests of his district, and his fine or- chard shows to the best advantage the capability of the soil of Santa Clara County for fruit culture. At San Jose, on the tenth of February, 1881, Mr. Leigh married Miss Agnes McBain, a native of Que- bec, Canada East. They have two children: Alice D., who was born November 11, 1883, and May Ag- nes, born May i, 1888. Mr. Leigh's only sister, Theresa, is now the wife of George Rodgers. Mr. Leigh is a member of San Jose Lodge, No. 10, F. & A. M., and of Howard Chapter. He is also identified with the British Benevolent Society at San Francisco. The Leighs are all members of the Church of England. m ||AMES WILLIAM JOHNSON, residing on the ^ Saratoga and Alviso road, in the Millikin District, ^ is the owner of a farm of eighty acres, twelve acres of which is in vineyard, containing about an equal proportion of Mission and Charbano grapes. The remainder of the land is devoted to the raising of hay and grain, and such stock as is needed for farm operations. The subject of this sketch was born in Washington County, Missouri, in 1828. He is the son of James Clarkson and Susannah Johnson, both natives of Vir- ginia, and descendants of old families of that State. They removed to Missouri at an early date, and were among the pioneers of the county in which they re- sided. Mr. Johnson's early life was spent upon his father's farm, and was devoted to such tasks as usually fall to the lot of youths in his situation. For school- ing he was dependent upon the primitive schools of that date and place. Whatever may have been the deficiencies of his early education, his energy and natural intelligence have enabled him successfully to overcome them, and have thus insured him the success in life and the accumulation of this world's goods that are acquired by those who start with the prestige that high educational advantages give. In 1849 he, ac- companied by his father, started across the plains for California, and after months of slow and toiling travel with ox teams, undergoing the fatigue and hardships attendant upon this emigration, they arrived at their destination in September of that year, thus enrolling themselves among the pioneers of this great State. Immediately after their arrival, they located in what is now known as El Dorado County, and, with the gold fever commenced an active pursuit of the shining dust, in which occupation they were engaged, with varying success, until 1856, when J. W. Johnson ceased his mining operations and came to Santa Clara County. Here he purchased land, and took up his residence in the locality now occupied by him. In 1858 Mr. Johnson was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth England, daughter of John England, of Crawford County, Missouri. From this marriage five children have been born, whose names and ages at the present time (1888) are as follows: John Hunter, aged twenty-eight years, married Miss Lois Hartwick, of Santa Clara County; Mary Ann, twenty-five years of age, the wife of Charles E. Mallette, of Briti,sh Columbia; Kitty Laura, twenty-two years of age; Joseph Beverly, twenty-one years of age; and Willie Rowe, sixteen years of age. In 1863 his father' left the mines and came and resided with him two years, and then went East. He died in 1874; his mother died two years later. EDWARD BARRON. One of the beautiful - Zi^ places of Santa Clara County is the farm resi- 'sT' dence of Edward Barron, in Fremont Town- ship. The entire tract consists of 352 acres, and of this fifty acres is laid out as a park, and embraces the residence grounds. The buildings are beautiful in design and costly in construction. There is an or- chard of ten acres, planted in pears, apricots, peaches, French prunes, and apples. The subject of this sketch is a native of the south of Ireland, where he was born June 24, 1831. Coming to the United States in 1847, he made New York his home until November 185 r, when he started for Cali- fornia vm Panama, and arrived January i, 1852. Not long after landing in San Francisco he commenced dealing in live stock, and so continued until i860, when he retired with an ample fortune. After pay- ing a short visit to the Eastern States, in 1861 Mr. Barron returned to California to find that the Com- stock Lode, Virginia City, Nevada, had been dis- covered; he thereupon formed a connection with some others interested in the principal mines, and com- menced their development, an association he main- tained until the year 1876, he being in these years the owner of a quartz-mill and ledge himself, and President of such well-known mines as the Gould & 'm'ao ■J. '^. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 491 Curry, Consolidated Virginia, and California, and this, too, at a time when they were paying dividends of over $2,000,000 per month. In 1876 Mr. Barron re- signed these offices and retired from an active par- ticipation in business affairs. He then set out on a one year's tour in Europe; returned in 1877 for a few months; again crossed the Atlantic, and finally came back to California in April, 1878, when he estab- lished his residence at Mayfield. Here Mr. Barron has constructed one of the most attractive homes in Santa Clara County. Its grounds are highly embel- lished with large groves of ornamental trees; the approach is along a well-protected avenue; the build- ing is encircled by parterres of richly-hued flowers, while the tout ensemble conveys the idea of rare opulence and patrician retirement. He married, No- vember, 185 1, Maria Cleary, by whom he has two children, George E. and William R. fATRICK MARTIN. One of the substantial citizens of San Jose Township is the gentleman ihT whose name heads this sketch. He is a native of Ireland, born in County Wexford, January i, 1833. His parents, Murtha and Nellie {nee Doyle) Martin, were of ancestry remarkable for intelligence and integrity. Mr. Martin was reared in his native country, and, January 9, 1852, when he was but nine- teen years of age, left home for the purpose of emi- grating to America, to cast his lot among a people much more like the Irish than is any other foreign na- tion. January 29, 1852, was the date of his embarka- tion, at London, on the ship Douglas, bound for San Francisco; and after a prolonged and tedious voyage, having to double Cape Horn, he at length arrived at the Golden Gate, August 22, 1853. He soon came to Santa Clara County, and made his home at the old Seven Mile House, with the Tennant family, with whom he had been acquainted before coming to this country. What a satisfaction it was to find acquaint- ances in a region so far from the land of his nativity, especially friends with whom he could, at least for a time, make his home ! But he had no capital, except his strong hands and a stout heart. A determination to win success, combined with rare energy, good habits, and sound business qualifications, enabled him at length to acquire a competence, and even more than sufficient for the needs of advancing years, and to win recognition from all who know him. He im- mediately engaged in farm work, which has ever since been his vocation. In 1864 he purchased the land where he now resides, which was then a wild spot, having never been cultivated; and all the improve- ments that have since been placed upon it are the work of his own hands. The handsome family resi- dence, which is two stories in height, and has a ground area of thirty-two by forty feet, was erected in 1883, at a cost of $6,500. It has an extension twenty feet square, and a kitchen in the rear of this fourteen feet square. The ranch, which is ten miles distant from San Jose, on the Monterey road, consists of 550 acres, of which about 400 are cultivated for grain, and the remainder devoted to stock purposes. Wheat averages about fifteen sacks to the acre on this place, and hay about a ton and a half The live-stock consists prin- cipally of cattle. February 16, 1863, is the date of Mr. Martin's mar- riage to Miss Annie Taylor, also a native of County Wexford, Ireland. They have four children, named Mamie Ellen, John M., Murtha William, and Annie M. -«M^ fSAAC BRAN HAM, deceased. Prominent among the earlier pioneers of California was Isaac Bran- T ham, who crossed the summit of the Nevadas on October 10, 1846, arrived in the San Jose Mission on October 31, and settled permanently in San Jose December 2 of that year. He was born in Scott County, Kentucky, August 31, 1803, and raised on his father's farm in his native place up to the age of twenty years. During this time he received what ed- ucation the common schools of the country afforded, and at the same time became adept in the use of the tools required in the simple building operations and wood-working then required of almost every frontier settler. He became, also an enthusiastic hunter, his skill with the rifle and shot-gun being remarkable. In 1823, at the age of twenty years, he, with a com- panion named Williams, started on foot to Missouri, all of his worldly effects being packed in an old army knapsack of the War of 18 12. On their arrival in Missouri their combined exchecquers lacked twelve and one-half cents of the price of their first breakfast. Feeling the necessity of immediately replenishing his finances, he took a contract for hewing logs for a house of one of the settlers in the neighborhood of what is now Fulton, Missouri. In about a year Mr. Branham was joined by his brother Franklin, from Kentucky. The brothers then 492 PEN PICTUERS FROM THE "GARDEN OP THE WORLD:' undertook to construct a saw-mill from the material available in the woods and country around. In this building and in its machinery there were but the Saw and two gudgeons made of metal, all the rest was of wood exclusively, being held together by mortising and wooden pins, there being not even a nail in the whole structure. Unfortunately, before it and the dam were fully completed, a freshet came and washed the whole away, destroying almost a year's work. They went to work hewing out timbers for a second mill, working at it continuously except when neces- sary to do work for other parties that would procure them requisite provisions. This was completed in time for the spring rains, and the mill was a success. They then constructed a grist-mill, which was run by horse-power. To this they added a distillery, and these enterprises were conducted for several years. In constructing his distilling apparatus there was nec- essary a pipe to supply the still with the beer from the mash tubs, the only thing available being an old musket barrel, which was detached from its stock and made to do duty as a part of the still for a num- ber of years. When Mr. Branham was about to leave for California he detached this gun barrel, had it placed in a stock with a rifle barrel, and thus supplied himself with a double-barrel gun, the weapon he car- ried across the plains and used for many years in Cal- ifornia, and which is now in possession of the family, prized as one of the most valued possessions and heir-looms of that grand old pioneer. Speaking of the old grist-mill in Missouri, one of its earliest customers was our now well-known citizen, Samual A. Bishop, who, when a small boy, used once a week to come to the mill with a sack of corn before him on his horse, to be ground into meal. Each boy or man bringing grist to that mill used to hitch his horse to the machinery and do the driving for his own grinding. This was probably Mr. Bishop's first experience as engineer of a grist-mill. Mr. Branham having been always devoted to field sports and the chase, loving a good horse and dog and a true gun, his hunting proclivities naturally brought him in contact and friendship with the hunters and trappers of that day. The Rocky Mountain trappers of the time would occasionally visit the settlements, and among them he became acquainted with members of the Sublette family, then noted as hunters and trappers. From these men he learned of the wonder- ful country and climate of California. His health at that time being much impaired, he decided to sell off his property and effects in Missouri and ci'oss the trackless plains to the Pacific Coast. His family con- sisted of his wife and four children, the oldest about eleven years of age, and the youngest about nine months. The then infant is now B. F. Branham, a resident of San Jose, who from January, 1883, to Jan- uary, 1887, was Sheriff of Santa Clara County. Mr. Branham had been married, in 1832, in Callaway County, Missouri, to Miss Amanda Ann Bailey, who was born in 1 813, in Franklin County, Kentucky, her parents removing from Woodford County, that State, to Missouri in 1827. Joining the immigration starting in the spring of 1846 for Oregon and California, he made the journey in two wagons drawn by three yoke of oxen to each wagon, taking at the same time two horses and two cows, the latter furnishing milk all the way across the plains, and from which he afterward raised con- siderable stock in the Santa Clara Valley. The trip from Independence, Missouri, to the California State line, was made in six months and eleven days. At Independence the various families of immigrants camped until they formed a company sufficiently strong for mutual protection and assistance. Colonel Russell was elected captain of that train. The trip was made without any unusual difficulties or hard- ships, there being but one fight with the Indians, that being on the Humboldt River near where the town of Elko now stands, which took place in the pursuit and recapture of cattle stolen by the Indians. Mr. Branham's party had traveled for a short time that summer in company with the ill-fated Donner party, the last they saw of the latter being at Fort Bridger, where the Donner party struck off to take what was called Hudspeth's cut-off. The first stop made in California was at the Mis- sion San Jose, for about three weeks, where Mr. Branham was enlisted by Lieutenant Pinckney, of the United States sloop-of-war Portsmouth, and placed in charge of the supplies to be issued at that point to the wives and families of the men who had joined the American army and gone with General Fremont to Los Angeles. After being several weeks on that duty, he was ordered by Lieutenant Pinckney to re- move to San Jose, the American families having al- ready removed there from the mission from fear of an uprising of the Mexicans. About this time the Mexicans, under Castro, were defeated near Santa Clara, and Mr. Branham's military services were no longer required. In the summer of 1847 he, in conjunction with Captain Julian Hanks, a Connecticut man who had BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 493 come to Santa Clara Valley from Lower California in the summer of 1846, constructed a saw-mill and dam on the Los Gatos Creek ju-.t above the present station of Alma. To show the thoroughness of his work and the quality of material used, it is enough to state that this dam is now in use and forms the head of supply of the San Jose Water Company's flume. This mill was first run in the spring of 1848, and within a few months was sold to Zachariah Jones and known for years as Jones' Mill, supplying all the lum- ber used in the Santa Clara Valley. During the summer of 1848, two men, named Whipple and Wheaton, brought around Cape Horn a forty-horse- power steam boiler and engine, and landed it in San Francisco. Hearing of this, Mr. Branham made a trip there on horseback, bought an interest in it, and entered into partnership with these men in building a mill in San Mateo County, at what was called Brown's Redwoods, near where the town of Searsville now stands. This mill was started in the spring of 1849, and was the first steam saw-mill established on the Pacific Coast. The whispers of the finding of gold caused a stam- pede to the mines, and they were obliged to pay $250 a month to the loggers to furnish logs for the mill. Starting to the mines to investigate the truth of these rumors, on his return he met his force of loggers on their way to the diggings, and learned that his mill had stopped for want of material. In the summer of 1850 he sold his interest in this mill to R. G. Moody, taking in payment lumber at the price of $300 per thousand. At this time Mr. Branham owned and lived in a house on the property now owned by John Balbach, No. 523 South Market Street. He had also just purchased a large two-story adobe building which stood where is now the corner of Guadaloupe and San Carlos Streets, which he placed temporarily at the service of the State Government, and where the Senate of the State of California convened and held the early meetings of its first session during that winter. In that house he soon after removed, and lived until 1856. Mr. Branham, with eighteen other citizens, volun- tarily came forward and executed a note of $34,000 to purchase a building for the occupation of the State Legislature, the credit of the pueblo of San Jose, nor of the State, being sufficient guarantee for the amount in the eyes of the owners. They did this because it had been represented to the Constitutional Conven- tion that the Legislature, if it convened at San Jose, would be amply provided with buildings and con- veniences. That $34,000 bore interest at the rate of eight per cent per month until paid I This amount was afterward in great part made good to these gen- erous and public-spirited men by the State and city. In 1852 he purchased 2,000 varas square (656 acres), being a portion of the San Juan Batista Rancho, situated five miles south of San Jose, to which place he removed in 1856 and there resided un- til his death, November 3, 1887. In 1854, in conjunction with Josiah Belden, he ex- plored a prospective road from the Santa Clara to the San Joaquin Valley, this road leading by the foot of Mount Hamilton through San Isabel Valley and down the Orestimba River to the San Joaquin plains, being practically the same route now proposed to be opened by the Mount Hamilton Stage Company, to transport tourists direct from the Yo Semite Valley to Mount Hamilton and return. While they succeeded in finding a practical route, they found it would be too expensive for the limited travel of that day. In 1857, in conjunction with Jackson Lewis, he pur- chased 2,000 acres more of the same rancho. From 1852 to the time of his death he was engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising. During these years he also in- vested in mines and mining in Mexico, as well as in the counties of El Dorado and Lassen. In these mining operations his experience was gained at a cost of about $50,000, results which have been very fre- quent in large mining operations on this coast. Mr. Branham was a member of the first town council of San Jose. While having no taste or inclina- tion for public office, he was frequently required by his fellow-citizens to represent them in offices of trust and honor, filling the place of County Supervisor for one term, after which he refused to again accept the office. He was a devoted huntsman and fisher- man, this taste resulting more from an ardent love of nature than his desire for game. His hunting was for pleasure, and the imparting of pleas.ure to those who accompanied him, never marketing a particle of game. His friends and fellow-hunters received the most liberal share of the results of the hunt, any well-behaved man, no matter what his condition of life, being welcome to his camp. A man jealous of his honor and most kindly in his nature, he had the respect and love of all good men who came in con- tact with him. His children born in Missouri were: James, born in 1835, and now a resident of Lassen County, agent for Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express at Susan ville; Frances Elizabeth, married in 1855 to Jackson Lewis, died in 1861; Maggie, the widow of James H. Ogier, now liv- 494 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ing two miles from San Jose, on the Alviso road ; Benjamin F., bom in 1845, whose biography appears elsewhere in this volume. Two children were born in the Santa Clara Valley; Charles M., now conducting a machine shop in San Jose; and Mary, residing with her mother in this city. The family still owns a large interest in the San Juan Batista Rancho, near San Jose. ^ICHARD V. DEIDRICH, who resides at 678 South Second Street, San Jose, where he owns a comfortable home, is a native of Columbia County, New York, at which place he was born in 1840. At the age of nineteen he came to the mines in California. In 1866 he came to San Jose, where he accepted the position of manager of the Vineyard Flour Mills, a situation he occupied for fifteen years. In 1880, his health failing, he was com- pelled to resign, when he purchased twenty-one acres of land in the Willows. In 1885 six acres of the orchard was sold at $1,000 per acre. The remaining fifteen acres, which are situated on the corner of Curt- ner and Booksin Avenues, are now in their prime. This orchard consists of a variety of fruit, but princi- pally prunes, cherries, and apricots. In 1886 his 530 prune trees b >re fifty tons of fruit, other trees paying well. This year, 1888, it is estimated that the prune trees will have seventy tons of prunes. The apricots this year paid $200 per acre, clear of expenses. Mr. Deidrich, as well as his wife, has been a resident of San Jose for over twenty-three years, and has seen the city grow from a small Spanish town to the " Garden City," which it now is. He is a strong temperance man as well as a stanch Republican in politics. tENRY MESSING, senior member of the firm ^■^ of H. Messing & Son, was born in Hesse Cassel, Germany, in 1824; remained in his native country until August 5, 1849, when he, together with his wife, came direct to California by the way of Cape Horn, in the Bremen schooner Jidius, which arrived in San Francisco on April 8, 1850. After trv ing his fortune in Southern mines, he located in Santa Clara County, working at different occupations until he accumulated sufficient means to buy a tan- nery in Santa Clara, together with Philip Glein and F. C. Frank, in 1859. He sold his interest in the tannery, and located and established the business he still continues, first on Market Street. Later he pur- chased property now occupied by his establishment, at Nos. 79 and 81 South First Street. Here he not only carries on the harness and saddlery business, but also the carriage trade, importing his carriages and buggies direct from Eastern factories. They have established a valuable reputation in the saddlery and harness business, and supply dealers and individ- uals throughout the Pacific Coast, and also through- out the Territories. 'RS. CATHERINE DUNNE. This estimable lady, whose arrival on the Pacific Coast dates ^>¥^. SL-JZ Qri^~~ ^OT H. COREY. The successful hotel proprietors •^ are few, and the duties of the position require T peculiar and unusual talents in their possessors. Mr. C. H. Corey, the proprietor of the Lick House, situated on the corner of First and San Fernando Streets, has proved himself the successful Boniface, however, as he has raised the house, in the six years he has owned it, from a comparatively small affair to a leading and popular position. The Lick House was established in 1872. In 1882 Mr. Corey pur- chased it, immediately made extensive additions, and introduced such improvements as at once placed it in the rank of first-class institutions. It was entirely refitted and refurnished, and supplied with every modern convenience, until now there is nothing bet- ter outside of the metropolitan cities. The cuisine is presided over by a skilled chef, who has an able body of assistants, and the table is acknowledged to be the choicest, no expense being spared to obtain the freshest and best. The hotel has 100 rooms, single and en suite, and a further addition is planned that will double the accommodation. Mr. Corey made a trip to the East in the summer of 1888, where, at Crand Rapids, Michigan, he arranged with Nelson, Mather & Co., to manufacture the furniture of the most approved styles for this addition. A fine billiard-room with the best makes of tables, and all the adjuncts of a perfect hotel, are to be found. The best transient trade of the country comes to Mr. Corey, as is shown by the fact that the Lick House is headquarters for commercial men, and the "boys" always go where the best is found. Mr. J. Dennis, the manager, has been a hotel manager for twenty year=;, having at one time been in charge of the Ros- sin House, Toronto, Canada, Mr. Corey is a native of Canada, born there in 1844. I-Ie was educated in Canada, and there learned the harness trade, conducting that business in various parts of the country. He came to California on the first train that crossed the continent, witnessing the driving of the last golden spike that commemorated the completion of the great road. Mr. Corey is an active sportsman and an admirer of good "horse- flesh." He is the owner of C. H. C, which trots a mile in 2:20, and a two-year-old colt that has accom- plished a mile in 2:50, and is entered in the San Jose Colt Stake for 1S88. Mr. Corey is a leading member of the Carden City Gun Club, so that he can invite any of his guests at the liotel to enjoy the hospitality of the club. They possess a magnificent reserve twelve miles from San Jose, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, known as the Twelve Mile House Lagoon, where they have a fifty- year lease of a ranch of 10,000 acres. They have stocked the lagoon with game fish, and to attract birds have sown the whole with wild rice, and already it is becoming a resort for game of every kind. Mr. Corey married Miss Anna Roberts, of Ohio, in 1874. He is a member of San Jose Lodge, No. 125, Knights of Pythias, and a leading and esteemed citizen. \AVID B. MOODY. It is an easier matter to write the biography of a successful California pioneer than that of any other. The adventur- ous and often perilous early days, the successful combating of difficulties, and the prosperity of the present, afford ample material for the historian ; and hence it is that the name of D. B. Moody is taken up with pleasure. Born in Michigan City, Indiana, in 1837, his par- ents. Ransom G. and Elmira fBacon) Moody, re- moved, in 1840, to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. There he remained until March, 1849, attending school and oc- cupied with the employments of boyhood. In the spring of 1849 the family crossed the plains to Cali- fornia by the southern route and the Tejon Pass, their wagons being among the first to come by that route, reaching this State about Christmas-time, 1849. They moved along slowly, finally reaching San Jose in May, 1850, where Mr. Moody attended school un- til nineteen years of age. When twenty-one he em- barked in the milling business with his brothers^ 504 PEN PICTURES FROM THE ''GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Charles and V. D. Moody, and has continued in that trade ever since. Mr. Moody is the Secretary of the Central Milling Company, which possesses eleven mills in all, dis- tributed in Placer, Santa Clara, San Benito, Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Luis Obispo Counties, San Jose being the central office and managed by Mr. Moody. They are all roller mills of the most im- proved kinds, and are turning out a high grade of flour that entirely controls the local market, reaching out to other sections as far as Los Angeles and San Diego. It is universally conceded that the wheat grown in this valley is the equal of any raised in the State, and the flour made here has a high reputation. The capacity of the mill here is i6o barrels' per day, and of all the mills of the company, 2,000 barrels. The mill here was established in 1858, by the three brothers. V D., however, dropped out in 1867, be- coming a banker and manufacturer, and Charles left the business in 1882. In 1886 the Central Milling Company was organized, embracing the mills in the counties mentioned, since when a noticeable rise in the grade and quality of the flour made has been seen, and greater satisfaction given consumers. Mr. Moody is a public-spirited citizen, who has commanded the fullest confidence of the community, being often called upon to give to the public a portion of the time and talents that have resulted in prosperity to himself In 1862 he was elected City Treasurer, holding the office two years. In 1867, at a moment of great public agitation, he was called upon to act as County Treasurer by the Board of Supervisors. The incumbent of the office had absconded with $23,000 of the county funds. Great excitement was the result, but Mr. Moody took hold of matters and carried them safely through the critical time, finding no difficulty in giving at once bonds of the heaviest nature. From 1867 to 1871 Mr. Moody was Chair- man of the Republican County Committee, and in September 27, 1886, he was a prime mover in the or- ganization of the Board of Trade, which has done a vast deal of good for this valley in advertising its ad- vantages and resources, and in disseminating accurate and reliable information, aiding more than anything else the great advance of to-day. Mr. Moody was elected President at the first and still holds that im- portant office. In addition to his business interests, he has a large extent of real estate. He possesses a third interest in the Moody District oil wells, one mile above Alma, in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The pil product is leased by the Pacific Coast Oil Com- pany, is piped to Alma, and shipped thence to the works at Alameda. It is considered the finest quality of oil found on this coast, and equal to the Pennsyl- vania oil. Mr. Moody was married, in 1861, to Miss Jennie B. Wright, a native of New York State. They have two children, Nettie, a graduate of the TJniversity of the Pacific, and Anna, both residing with their parents. Mr. Moody is a consistent Republican, believing in the protection of American industries. He is also a diligent amateur musician, devoting his leisure mo- ments to this as a recreation. He has composed the music of several songs which have met with popular recognition, and is now the tenor of St. Joseph's Choir, San Jose. It should be stated, also, that Mr. Mood}- is now a member of the Board of Freeholders, elected for the purpose of framing a new charter for the city, and is one of the Committee of Revision, which meets daily to digest thoroughly tlie provisions of that instrument, a responsible office requiring the highest qualities, but unaccompanied by emolument. PI. JORDAN & Co., land, loan, and insurance brokers. Office, Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, California. ^APT. JOHN MARTIN resides at Alvi.so, where ^^ he is extensively engaged in the warehouse busi- ness, being part owner and sole manager of the "Empire Warehouse," which is a large brick structure with an iron roof, and fire-proof He also rents two buildings, which he devotes to his business. He was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1825. His parents dying when he was an infant, he was brought up in his native place in one of the many charitable public institutions, where he received a good educa- tion. At the age of sixteen years he entered upon a seafaring life, and it was while following this occupa- tion that he came to the United States, landing at New York in 1842, He continued his seafaring life for the next three years. After visiting various coun- tries of the world, he found himself in Chili and there he remained for about four years, being engaged in the coasting trade on the southwestern coast of Amer- ica. Ill health necessitated a change of climate, and consequently, in 1 849, Captain Martin shipped for T^Ze^ lU7'7^i!y. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 505 San Francisco in the American ship George Washing- ton, which called in at Valparaiso. He arrived at San Francisco in July, 1849, and engaged in freight- ing on the bay. He was soon placed in command of the schooner George H. Ensign, in the passenger and freight business between San Francisco and Alviso. He prospered in this work, and eventually became the owner of vessels himself In 1868 Captain Martin and J. S. Carter built the schooners Maggie Douglas and Nelli'- Carter, of 100 tons burden, and engaged in the grain trade. This life, to uhich he was thor- oughly trained and for which he was well fitted, he led for twenty years, leaving it in 1870 to enter into the warehouse business at his present home. The subject of our sketch was united in marriage, in 1862, with Miss Theresa B. Borden, a native of Ire- land, who came to California from Flushing, Long Island. To Captain and Mrs. Martin have been born eleven children. Their names are: John T., Peter B., a resident of San Francisco; Elinor L., the wife of Neal Pitman, of San Jose; May A., Terry P., residing in San Francisco; William H., now deceased; James C, Marguerite E., Flora M., Esther J., and Theo- dore E. Captain Martin has long been identified with the interests and growth of Alviso; and is one of its most respected citizens. After many years spent in the active, roving life of the seafaring man, he is well content to live in this pleasant valley, leading a useful life and surrounded by his interesting family. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, being associated with Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52. Politically he is a Democrat, with liberal views, and during the war was a strong Union man. .^•^« .iHMs^LBERT SCHRODER, of the firm of Davis & %^ Co., hardware merchants at No. 27 South First t Street, was born at Mazatlan, Mexico, in 1845. His parents were Morgan and Ygnacia (Rod- riguez) Schroder, the latter a native of Mexico and the former a native of England, who came from Maz- atlan to California with his family in 1849, and located in Santa Clara Valley in 1850. He worked at first at the Alraaden mines, and in a short time took charge of the transportation of the quicksilver from the mines to Alviso for shipment. This business be fol- lowed until 1862, when he sold his teams and bought out the hardware store of E. Bessie. This business he followed until 1868, when he sold it out and went 64 to Mexico. He returned from Mexico some years later and died here in June, 1881, and his wife died in 1 87- They are both buried here. Albert, the subject, received his education in the pub- lic schools of San Jose and then attended the Santa Clara College for one year, and later attended the Brayton College at Oakland for two years. He then entered his father's hardware store as a salesman, in which he continued until the business was purchased by Henry B. Alvord. He remained with that firm until the business passed into the hands of Davis & Co. With this firm Mr. Schroder continued as sales- man until 1886, when he purchased an interest with Mr. Davis, the firm name becoming Davis & Schroder. Mr. Schroder was married, in 1875, to Miss Kate Collins, a native of Ohio, and they have two children, Nellie L. and Alvord. He is a member of Enter- prise Lodge, No 17, A. O. U. W., of which he has been Financial Secretary for the past nine years. His fa- ther left England at the age of twelve years, serving his apprenticeship on board a ship, and later became a mate on a vessel runni "g between China and Mexico. Before finally settling down in Santa Clara Valley he commanded a vessel running between Maz- atlan and San Francisco for some time, and the gold excitement coming on, and being unable to procure sailors to return to Mazatlan, he was obliged to sell his vessel, and he never followed the sea afterward. J. SPENCE, who resides on the Ala- - .- meda near Fremont Street, San Jo.se, was born T® in Monterey, California, in 186 1. He received his education at Santa Clara College, where his two brothers also attended. In 1886 he was married to Miss Hattie Foley, a native of Baltimore, Maryland. They have one child, David J. Spence, Jr. He is a descendant, through his grandparents on one side, from an old Scottish family, one of whose members, David Spence, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, came to California early in the present cent- ury and became prominently identified with its early history, and on the other from the best Spanish blood in California, his grandmother being the daughter of the commandant of the Mexican forces in California, and the niece of their Governor. His grandfather was Alcalde of Monterey when the American forces took possession of California, and died there in 1875, leaving a large estate to be divided between his four 506 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." grandchildren. Mr. Spence's father was born in Monterey, and died there in 1868. David J. Spence, and also each of his brothers, have built elegant homes adjoining each other on the Alameda near Fremont Street. They have each about 3,000 acres of land near Monterey, land of fine quality and well adapted to either farming or fruit-raising. This is mostly rented to the people who are cultivating it. An extended history of the family is contained in the biographical sketches of Rudolph and Albert Spence in this volume. ||?|YLER beach. There is certainly no better sts known or more popular, man in Santa Clara S)|= County than the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. Born in Warren County, New York, September 29, 1832, he was taken by his parents to Saratoga County, in the same State, five years later. In May, 1845, they emigrated to Walworth County, Wisconsin, and two years later went on to Columbia County, in Wisconsin, and there resided until 1853, when Mr. Beach set out for California, by the Nicara- gua route, reaching San Francisco in February, 1854. He came to Santa Clara County two months later, and has ever since resided here and been prominently identified with all the best interests of the place. For a time Mr. Beach devoted himself to farming and other agricultural pursuits, and then for two years fol- lowed the business of artesian well borer. In 1861 he began the ice business, and subsequently started a wood and coal yard on St. John Street, in San Jose, being the first to engage in that business here, and carrying it on until a few years ago. But it is as the proprietor of the popular St. James Hotel that Tyler Beach is best known, this house being at the time of writing considered as leading the business in this county. The St. James has within the year been enlarged to twice its former capacity, and other- wise improved until now it i.s, both in appearance and in appointments, in every respect a thoroughly first- class house. The rooms are lofty and well ventilated, handsomely furnished and equipped, the halls spacious and airy, softly carpeted and artistically decorated. The household department is perfect, the dining- room being the' largest in the city, and the bill of fare always including the best the markets afford, cooked under the direction of a skilled c/ief. In this depart- ment the St. James has a great advantage. Fresh butter, milk, eggs, vegetables, etc., are brought in daily from Mr. Beach's own ranch in the outskirts of the city, which is run in connection with the hotel. Lovers of fine stock will be much interested in the high-grade animals of which Mr. Beach makes a specialty. The location of the house could not be improved. Adjoining the handsome Court House, and directly opposite the lovely St. James Park, guests can never be disturbed by the noise and bustle of the city, and yet they are within an easy walk of all the public buildings. It is in the magnetic |)ei'sonality of Mr. Beach himself, however, that the greatest attrac- tion exists. Liked by everyone who knows him, both he and his estimable family are honored and loved members of the community, Mr. Beach being large-hearted, generous, and public-spirited to a fault. He was married April 3, 1861, to Miss Martha Ann Smith, of Iowa. They have five sons and two daugh- ters. Mr. Beach is a Mason of high standing, being a member of San Jose Lodge, No. 10, of which he is Senior Warden, a Captain of the Royal Arch Chapter, and a member of the Eastern Star. 1^ fR. E. A. CLARK, an old resident of San lose, was born near Tiffin, Seneca County, Ohio, Au- gust 17, 1826. His father moved to Michigan in 1 83 1, where the early years of our subject were spent, and where he studied medicine, taking lectures at the Indiana Medical College. After two years' practice of medicine in St. Joseph County, Michigan, he came to California, by the way of Pan- ama, early in 1850. Spending a few months in the mines near Downieville, he came to Santa Clara County, where he engaged in farming until 1858. In 1856 the Doctor assisted in the organization of the Republican party in Santa Clara County. In 1857 he was nominated by that party for County Clerk. The Republican ticket, although successful in the State in 1856, was defeated in 1857 by the union of the American and Democratic parties. In 1858 the Doctor removed to San Luis Obispo County and en- gaged in fruit-raising, planting the first successful or- chard in the northwestern part of the county, near the present village of Cambria. Here he lost his first wife, formerly Lydia H. Washburn, a cousin of the late Hon. E. B. Washburn, of Illinois. Three of their children are still living, two sons now residing in San Diego County, and ope daughter, the widow of a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 507 former Recorder of this county, Mrs. Anna Calahan, living in San Jose. In 1866 the Doctor returned to this county. Here for two years he was Deputy As- sessor of Internal Revenue ; part of one year he was Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, and one year was Deputy Recorder and Auditor. He engaged in real-estate business in 1869. Having, for his own in- formation and pleasure, studied law, and having been admitted to the District Court Bar, he did more or less legal business for several years. In April, 1872, he was appointed City Superintendent of Schools, which position he filled until May, 1873, when he resigned to assume the duties of Postmaster of San Jose, to which office he was appointed by President Grant. At the end of his term as Postmaster the Doctor went to San Francisco, and commenced the practice of medicine, after attending a full course of medical lectures at Cooper Medical Co lege. After remaining there three years, owing to the delicate health of his second wife, he returned to San Jose, where he prac- ticed his profession until August, 1887. His second wife, to whom he was married in January, 1869, was a sister of Mr. E. J. Swift, of the Ocean House, Santa Cruz. She died suddenly, January 8, 1884, while ab- sent in San Francisco on a visit. In June, 1886, the Doctor married Miss Alice E. Goff, daughter of J. H. F. Goff, of Gilroy, California, and niece of Judge George W. McCrary, of Kansas City, former Secre- tary of War under President Hayes. Seeing the great future opening for San Jose and Santa Clara County, the Doctor, in August, 1887, again engaged in the real-estate business in company with J. B. Collins, a son-in-law of another pioneer of Santa Clara, S. A. Clark. They have a fine office under the St. James Hotel. The Doctor, having an active mind, was not con- tent with the routine of professional life, but used his pen on various topics. The first season after return- ing from San Francisco he wrote a series of articles on the " Philosophy of Money " for the Daify Mercury, which were widely read; a sketch of the Vigilance Committee of San Luis Obispo; and a short story for the Mercury entitled "Orson and Orsemus." Besides frequent contributions to the Me rcztry on various topics, over his own signature, at various times during the sickness or absence of the editors of the Daify Mer- cury, he wrote numerous editorials for that paper, which in the aggregate would make quite a volume. An exhaustive article of his on the Chinese question was published in a Chicago paper in 1886. Another article, on " The Scientific Probabilities of a Future Life," was published in the Overland Monthly for May, 1886, and was copied into the Mercury. Commenc- ing in June, 1887, the Mercury published a serial story by Dr. Clark, which ran through twelve numbers, en- titled, "The Harrisons, or the Ruin Caused by the Chinese Invasion." This story contains a more vivid description of the fascinating and destructive character of the opium habit than anything yet published. It would prove a great educator in reference to the evils of Chinese contact with our people if generally read. As Dr. Clark is still vigorous in body and mind, local and general literature may yet be still more enriched by contributions from his ready pen. SENRY W. EDWARDS. Born in Chicago, Illinois, March i, 1842. In 1850 he crossed the plains with his father, Henry Edwards, who, after remaining at Placerville for a short time, em- barked in mining on the American River, in 1851. In the following year he commenced a butchering business in Marysville and Sacramento, which he con- tinued until 1853, in the winter of which year became to Santa Clara County. In the city of San Jose his fathered entered into the management of the Farmers' Home, a hotel he conducted until 1855, when he com- menced farming, and continued until his death, in 1872. In 1863 the subject of our sketch went to Virginia City, Nevada, opened the Eureka Hotel, and became interested in mining, but meeting with re- verses, returned to the Santa Clara Valley in 1864. He labored for monthly wages for a time and then rented the property he now owns. In 1870 he pur- chased a portion of the ranch, and the remainder in 1871. Married, December 11, 1867, Alice Hall, a na- tive of Missouri, who was reared in California, and by whom he has two children: Cora M., born August 15, 1869; William J., born November 6, 1873. The home of Mr. Edwards, about half a mile west of the Monterey road and eight miles from San Jose, is one of the finest properties in Santa Clara County. It fronts on Downer Avenue and also on the Cottle road, both roads being bordered the full length and breadth of the farm by stately rows of eucalyptus trees, planted in 1858. The fine residence was erected in 1 88 1, with regard only to comfort and convenience, at a cost of $9,000. The place, as seen from the Monterey road, presents a view of surpassing beauty. The home farm contains 160 acres, probably not sur- passed in quality of soil, care, and skill in manage- 508 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD" ment by any in Santa Clara County. Mr. Edwards also owns a 20S-acre tract of equally good land one- half mile south of his residence. fBALDACCI, merchant, at Gilroy, is a native of Italy, born in Tuscany on the twenty-first of J§!^ October, 1835. When in his ninth year he came to America with his parents, who located at New Orleans. He resided there until the breaking out of the war. In 1862 he enlisted in the United States regular service, and was assigned to Company D, Ninth United States Infantry. He was assigned, with his command, to duty in the defenses of Washington, where he served until after the war had closed, in 1865. He was discharged at San Francisco, Novem- ber 3, 1868. Coming to Gilroy, he engaged in mer- chandising, and afterward at his trade, that of barber, which he had acquired at New Orleans. In February, 1888, he engaged in his present business. Mr. Bal- dacci is a live business man, who pays strict attention to the details of trade. He is a member of Lodge 154, I. O. O. F., Gilroy, in which he has held numerous offices. In politics he is a Republican. .IJI^HOMAS J. GILLESPIE, founder and Superin- tendent of the Garden City Mill and Lumber Company, settled in San Jose in the spring of 1875, and started in the planing mill and lumber business, establishing, in company with others, the Independent Mill and Lumber Company, with a capital stock of $50,000. The mill and yard were located on North San Pedro Street. Mr. Gillespie was chosen President and Superintendent. The busi- ness was successful from the start, and grew rapidly in volume. At the end of three years a proposition was made by outside parties to increase the number of stock- holders, and the capital stock, to meet the necessities of the growing business. Negotiations were entered into, which resulted in bringing three new men and the required money. Immediately upon the comple- tion of this arrangement a series of manipulations were begun by these new stockholders, which termi- nated in freezing out Mr. Gillepsie and the originators of the enterprise, leaving them without a dollar of stock or moneyed interest, and a total loss of capital put in, which, in Mr. Gillespie's case, was $5,000, thus sweeping away his entire property and forcing him into bankruptcy in 1879. But not being of those who surrender to reverses or pause at difficulties, Mr. Gillespie at once set about retrieving his fortune, with no capital but a determined will, a good business head, willing hands, and an enviable reputation for honesty in dealing. But he did not fight single-handed with adversity, for his wife and daughters came to the res- cue, and turned their hands to whatever honorable employment offered to help earn a living for the fam- ily. After a severe struggle friends came unsolicited to his aid, with offers of money and credit. By these helps he was enabled to start another small planing- mill on North San Pedro Street, taking as a partner H. W. Kate, their combined cash capital being $700. The business was so prosperous that before the end of the first year Mr. Gillespie bought out his partner, paying him $700 for his interest. In 1880 Mr. Gil- lespie leased the lot on which the Garden City Mill now stands, corner of Orchard and El Dorado Streets, and through the voluntary assistance of business ac- quaintances, in money and credit tendered, he pro- ceeded to greatly enlarge the capacity of his mill. From this change of base dates a career almost phenomenal in business success, under Mr. Gillespie's enterprising management. Each year witnessed a large increase, and a demand for a corresponding en- largement of facilities, until the mill and work-shops now cover an area of 150x200 feet, besides store- houses and office. The mill is thoroughly furnished with the best improved wood-working machinery, and everything used in house finishing is manufact- ured, — sash, doors, blinds, screens, mouldings, etc., — of the finest workmanship and material. In 1884 Mr. Gillespie gave Mr. Saph a one-third interest in the business, requiring no cash investment, and paying him $100 a month for his labor. In a little over three years the partnership terminated by Mr. Gilles- pie purchasing Mr. Saph's interest, paying for it $4,000 in cash. Immediately after, in February, 1S88, Mr. Gillespie began arranging for the formation of a joint-stock company, which was consummated on March i, 1888, with a capital stock of $100,000. He was made superintendent and manager of the business, and with his characteristic energy looks after every de- partment, making contracts and collections, purchas- ing stock, and supervising the mill work, in which are employed twenty-five skilled workmen. The subject of this memoir was born in Brown BIOORAPHICAL SKETCHES. 509 County, Ohio, fifty-three years ago. His father being an intemperate man, his seven boys were compelled to support themselves and the rest of the family from a very early age: hence Mr. Gillespie never attended school but ten days in his life, and did not learn to read or write till after be was twenty-one years of age. In 1856 he went West and located in Indianola, Warren County, Iowa, and there engaged in the coopering business, having learned the trade in Ohio. He carried it on a number of years successfully. While there he was the prime mover in organizing the First National Bank of Indianola. On February 11, 1857, the subject of this sketch was married to Miss Nancy Peck, a native of Green- castle, Indiana, daughter of John and Sally Peck. Mr. and Mrs. Gillespie have a family of five children. Besides several houses and lots in San Jose, Mr. Gil- lespie owns a fine fruit ranch near Los Gatos, with thirty acres of bearing fruit-trees and vines. -^^^ 3RAC0B POLAK, who has completed a handsome ^ residence on the corner of Willow and Cherry ^ Avenues, has been a resident of the Willows since November, 1887, when he purchased this place of seven and one-fourth acres, with the then existing improvements, for $9,500. The place is bearing fruit — 590 prunes, 170 cherries, 60 apricots, and a family orchard of various trees. Mr. Polak was born near Olmitz, in Moravia, Austria, in 1824, where he was educated and lived until 1854. Being a man of lib- eral views and ideas somewhat at variance with those of the government under which he lived, he was obliged to leave his country rather suddenly, realizing on some of his property but abandoning a great deal. With his wife and $6,000 in cash, he embarked from Bremen on a small two-masted vessel, on which, after a very rough and dangerous voyage of eighty days, they arrived in Boston. They remained in Wisconsin during that winter, and removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in the spring of 1855. He engaged in farming, in which he lost most of his money. He then in- vested in the grocery trade, where by hard work and strict attention to business he became independ- ent financially. About four years after his arrival in the United States he returned to Moravia, and having at this time taken out but his first papers, was not yet a citizen of the United States, but was enabled after much trouble to recover $3,000. Before accomplish- ing the settlement of matters, he was again forced to fly the country, and the $3,000 was forwarded to him at Bremen. Mr. Polak was engaged in business in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for over thirty years, first as a farmer, then for twenty years in the grocery business, and for ten years had a steam brick yard, dealing also in brick, lime, etc. He came to California some three years ago and traveled over the whole State, from Arizona to the Oregon line, deciding that when ready he would settle in the Santa Clara Valley. He married, in 1851, in Moravia, Theresa Kretzer, who died in June, 1886. They had one daughter, Frances, who married, in 1879, Jo.seph Heyck, of Racine, Wisconsin, and died in 1881, leaving an infant daughter, who lived only three months. Mr. Heyck died two years later of grief for the loss of his wife and child. Mr. Polak, being bereft of his family, in poor health, and well enough off in this world's goods, closed up his business affairs and made a visit to Europe, to his old home. While there he met and married his present wife, a beautiful and accomplished woman, Anna (Sigel) Polak, a native of Brandezs-in- Elbe, Bohemia, who now presides over his beautiful California home. Before coming to America they made a three months' trip through Italy and a part of Germany. Mr. Polak is a man liberal in his political and re- ligious views. He supported the Union enthusiast- ically during the Civil War, paying liberally toward the raising and equipment of troops in his section. He believes in the fullest protection of American industries. ^-Hg<>gH^^ EO. W. PAGE. San Jose is a city of charming residences. Built with tasteful and modern de- -^ signs, and embowered in trees and surrounded by lawns, as most of them are, they create at once a favorable impression. This is largely owing to the architects of the city, who are, for the most part, men of skill, of careful training and experience in their art. Among them is Mr. Geo. W. Page, with offices in the Knox Block, who has been a resi- dent of the State for five years. Born in Boston, in 1851, he there received his education, passing from the public schools to the Institute of Technology, taking the architectural course. He later entered the offices of Sturgis Sz; Brigham, Hartwell & Swasey, Bryant & Rogers, Ware & Van Brunt, and other leading architects, where he gained practical experi- T 510 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." ence during seven years, and was engaged upon many of the larger and better buildings erected there in that time. He was then employed by A. T. Stewart, the merchant prince of New York, -as an assistant architect on the building of the immense Grand Union Hotel at Saratoga Springs, New York State, and other buildings there. He was also employed by Stone & Carpenter, of Providence, Rhode Island, to assist in the construction of the State prison and Court House in that city. In 1876 he came to California, locating in San Francisco and engaging in his profession there for four years. In 1880 he returned to Boston, entering into partnership with G. A. Avery. In 1883 he came back to California, and in 1885 settled in San Jose, engaging in business in partnership with E. B. Good- rich. In 1886 they dissolved partnership, and since then Mr. Page has had his offices in their present lo- cation, most of his time being devoted to the con- structing of private residences. The fine new addi- tion to the St. James Hotel was erected under his charge, and he also furnished the plans for the " New Sea Beach " Hotel at Santa Cruz beach. The hand- some new Congregational Church in San Jose, and the magnificent residence of W. S. Clark, on the Ala- meda, are also among his work, and he has been se- lected as the architect for the new chapel and con- servatory of music in connection with the University of the Pacific. He is devoted exclusively to his pro- fession, allowing no extraneous matters to distract his attention. He is a member of the Masonic Order, of San Jose Lodge, No. 10, and is a popular and emi- nent member of society. Mr. Page was married, in 1884, to Miss Mary F. Hutchinson, of Alviso. They have two children, Gladys and Genevieve. .^l^ARL OTTER was born in Cassel, Prussia, ^^ August 29, 1830; remained in his native land 'i." until he sailed for California, in August, 1849, in the schooner Jidius, Captain Steege, and made the journey around Cape Horn, touching at Rio de Ja- neiro and Valparaiso, and arriving at San Francisco April 8, 1850. There being no wharves then at that place, the captain ordered the boats lowered, in which the sailors had to take all the passengers and their baggage to the shore. Here Mr. Otter found him- self, with others, standing beside his trunk on a for- eign shore, not understanding English, and deliberat- ing what to do. Suddenly a live Yankee, espying the trunks on his vacant lot, hastened to the spot and seemed to talk business, while he made figures on the trunks with chalk. Mr. Otter did not know what was meant until a fellow-countryman came up and interpreted that the chap simply wanted twenty-five cents to $1.00 from each traveler for having his trunk on his lot ! The German was an expressman, and he took the baggage up town, and left it upon a vacant lot, with the permission of the owner, Mr. Kuntz. After looking around the embryo city a little, and seeing numerous piles of gold-dust, and inquiring where he might go to obtain it, he concluded to start for the Yuba. He had an expensive and an exciting trip to that point, with many a lingering thought of the luxurious home he had left in the fatherland. Arriving at " Blue Tent " camp, some rough-looking fellows came up to him and his companions for news. One of them took hold of his rifle and asked him in German how he came by it. Mr. Otter replied that in 1848, during the revolution in Cassel, he, with oth- ers, after putting the sentinel in the guard-house, en- tered the armory and took a number of fire-arms; and he succeeded in getting out of the country with that rifle. The questioner smiled, shook hands with him, and introduced himself as Lieutenant Weber, from the artillery in Cassel — the same man whom Mr. Ot- ter and others had endeavored to liberate one day from prison, but failed ! He was imprisoned for say- ing that no artillery officer should order his men to shoot down citizens. After mining for a short time with unsatisfactory results, on Goodyear's Bar, in Yuba River, Mr. Otter worked for a Missourian one month for $200 and board and lodging. Next, he started out prospecting toward Feather River, became lost from his party, and at length was so reduced by starvation that he attemped suicide by cutting some of his veins; but before he succeeded with this horrible scheme he was found by Indians, who directed him to a mining camp. Reviving, he returned to San Francisco, where he did what drudgery he could find to do for a time, being penniless, and then went to other points, working in humble situations; worked a claim on Shaw's Flat for a time, and in 1854 visited his par- ents in Germany. Returning, by the Nicaragua route, he mined on the same claim again. In the fall of 1859 he came to San Jose and engaged in the cattle business in the Santa Cruz Mountains. While thus employed he was thrown from a horse, and his leg was broken. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 511 He had to ride many miles to reach San Jose, where the bones were set. After recovering he sold his cat- tle and bought a part of the Santa Clara Brewery, which interest he sold in 1865, and commenced spec- ulation and building. In 1868 he erected the "Argu- ello House," corner of First and St. John Streets. In 1870, again visited Germany, with his family, — wife and two children. Was there during the short but brilliant war between Germany and France, and witnessed at Berlin the most gorgeous pageant of the returning victorious army, led by King William, Prince Bismarck, Count von Moltke, etc., and many other of the highest officials, both of Germany and of other nations. On returning home, his train, in Germany, ran off the track, and several were killed and more wounded, but he escaped unhurt. After living at Wiesbaden, a fashionable watering- place on the Rhine, until 1875, Mr. Otter embarked, December 5, on the Deutschland at Bremen, for New York. The vessel struck a rock in the English Chan- nel and sunk nearly to the top deck. Many were drowned or frozen to death, but Mr. Otter succeeded in getting to the rigging, tying himself to it, where he kept warmth and life in his body by beating it, until rescued by a tug-boat. And still another awful death he escaped. He was next to sail in a vessel which was loaded, by a soulless Yankee, with spurious goods, over-insured, and to be furnished with a clock torpedo, so that it would explode and become a total wreck in mid-ocean; but a torpedo was accidently exploded on the wharf before loading, killing several, which gave the alarm, and the vessel itself was then ex- ploded, in order to destroy what dangerous chemicals might be on board. After waiting about two weeks longer Mr. Otter obtained another opportunity to sail for America, which he safely improved, but with many misgivings. It was so stormy that the passengers wore life-preservers constantly for two weeks. Mr. Otter came to California around Cape Horn; and when he beheld again the green mountains of his adopted State, his feelings overcame him, and he re- solved never again to leave it. His family came over from Europe the summer following, and from that time to the present he has had the enjoyment of a happy family circle. His parents came in 1858, and he has two sisters living here yet. Mr. Otter says that he will never leave this glorious climate again until he makes his last trip to Oak Hill Nursery, on the Monterey road, where he owns a corner lot, and where his good parents and a brother are sleeping their long sleep, llNDREW STEIGER. To the traveler who ap- sH^ proaches San Jose via the Southern Pacific Railroad, the first introduction he receives to the " Garden City " is the busy scene of bustling activity presented by the pottery works of A. Steiger & Sons, which covers a considerable section on the northwestern edge of the city. Here the works, plant, yards, and homestead embrace twelve acres of ground, admirably located for business purposes on the line of the railway mentioned, and connected with it by an independent switch. The factory building is 130x170 feet in size and of three stories. It is fully supplied with all the requisite furnaces and machinery of the latest and most approved construction, including a steam en- gine, steam press, four flower-pot machines, three grinding machines, tile machine, crusher, moulds, etc. Six large kilns are used for burning the product, about forty tons per day being utilized for conversion into steam-pressed vitrified iron-stone, sewer-pipe, terra-cotta chimney-tops and pipes, vases, fire-brick, flower pots, drain tile, etc. Here from fifteen to thirty men find employment, busily engaged in the various operations necessary. The products of the manufactory have a wide and well-sustained popu- larity, the trade extending over the whole of Cali- fornia, and even occasionally abroad to Mexico and elsewhere. The works is the only one of the kind situated in the valley, and occupies a position among our leading and important manufactories. The clay used comes mostly from the vicinity of Sacramento, although for the coarser grades of work clay suitable for the purpose is obtained near San Jose. The pipe employed in the sewerage system of the city of San Jose, which has attracted favorable notice for its excellence and permanence, is laid wholly from the products of these works, and the firm has also supplied sewer pipe, etc., to San Francisco, Los An- geles, San Diego, Pasadena, Santa Cruz, and other cities, showing the worth and popularity of the pipes made here. The business was originally established by Mr. A. Steiger, in a small way, in 1863, on Fifth Street, in this city, between San Carlos and San Salvador. In 1876 it was removed to its present location, both on account of lack of accommodation for the increasing business at the old stand, and to take advantage of facilities for transportation afforded by the railway. Here the works have grown, as business demanded, until to-day they are of large dimensions and com- manding a wide trade. 512 PEN PICTUERS FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Mr. Andrew Steiger, who was the founder of the San Jose Pottery, was born in Germany about 1827, and there learned his trade of making pottery. In 1856 he came to this country and engaged in his business in Brooklyn, New York. In 1863 he decided to come to California, and after looking over the field, settled down in San Jose, establishing his factory on a small scale, as has been related, and gradually ex- panding operations until his death, December 28, 1887. This resulted from a fall and a broken leg in the June preceding, from the results of which it be- came necessary to amputate the limb near the hip. Although previously a robust man, he never recovered. He was a member of the Masonic Order, of the I. O. O. F., of the A. O. U. W , and of the order of Red Men, holding a high rank in each, and prominent as well in both commercial and, social circles. Mr. Steiger was a man of unusual ability and energy, as is evidenced by his rise from comparative poverty and obscurity to wealth and a deserved prominence, building up a great business for his sons, and leaving behind him the reputation of being an honest, honor- able and worthy citizen. He was married in New York; and his widow, Paulina M., also a native of Germany, now resides with her younger children in the fine mansion erected by Mr. Steiger as his homestead, just beyond the pottery. There are six children. The eldest is Anna B., born 1858, in Brooklyn, New York, now the wife of John Rock, of San Jose, the great nurseryman. Katie, the second, was born 1861, in Brooklyn, and is the wife of Charles Bruch, of San Jose. George A., the next, was born 1862, also at Brooklyn, and is man- ager of the pottery since his father's death; and as he' was brought up at the business, making a beginning when but five years of age, and has gone through every position, giving him a thorough practical knowl- edge of every department, he is thoroughly fitted to carry to still higher success the great business built up by his father. He was married in 1887 to Miss Jennie M. Bollinger, of San Jose, and they reside in a pleasant new cottage on Autumn Street. Charles F. Steiger, the fourth child, was born 1865, in California. He was married, in 1887, to Miss Josefita Grant, of San Francisco. He has charge of the business in general both here and in San Francisco. Louis A., the fifth, is twenty-two years old and resides with his mother in San Jose. He has charge of the modeling department, having spent most of his time in the study of this particular branch. Pie recently visited the Eastern States and Europe, to acquaint himself with new designs, especially in the manufacture of architectural terra cotta for building purposes. Lena M., the sixth child, was born in San Jose, 1869, and also resides with her mother. They have all received their education in San Jose, and have resided here constantly until the late removal on the part of Charles. During last year Mrs. Rock and Lena went to Germany for their liealth. Mrs. Steiger, accompanied by her son Louis, went there several months ago to visit them, and have just returned, after a pleasant voyage. ■f |OHN STOCK is a familiar name in the business history of San Jose. As far back as 1854 this name has represetited the pioneer stove store, as well as the largest stove and hollow-ware house in this valley, and now owned and conducted by his three sons, under the firm title of John Stock's Sons. In 1852 Frank Stock settled in San Jose and started a small stove and tin store, the first of its class in the place. Two years later his brother John came to San Jose from Chicago, where he had lived for several years and worked at his trade, that of tin- smith, enticed to the Golden State by his brother's flattering representations of its superior attractions. He first went to New York and bought a stock of goods, and from there sailed via the Isthmus of Pan- ama to join his brother in business. Their store was situated on the corner of Santa Clara and Market Streets. A short time after Frank Stock bought the lot on First Street, where Davis' hardware and Fish- er's drug store now are, and erected the first brick building on First Street, moving their goods into it. In 1861 John Stock bought his brother's interest, and from that time till he retired carried on the business in his name. Meanwhile he bought th.' lot and built the front part of the store the sons now occupy and moved into it in 1869. The building, which was then fifty-five feet in depth, has been enlarged to meet the demands for room until it, including the store and shop, is 208 feet deep, with an L SO.X55 feet, and a room on the second floor 55x50 feet. In 1884 John Stock retired, and his sons, John L., Frank, and Peter H. Stock, succeeded him in the business. Since that time the departments of grates and mantels, gas fixt- ures, and a large assortment of edge-tools have been added, and a general enlargement of the business has taken place. Their stock of gas fixtures is not sur- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 513 passed in the State. The firm does a large business in contract galvanized sheet-iron and tin work and gas-fitting, at which they employ an average of fifteen to twenty men. Among their recent contracts are the Hotel Vendome, the new City Hall, the new in- sane asylum at Agnew, and others. In this depart- ment of their business this firm far excels any other in Santa Clara County. The two elder brothers were born in Chicago, the youngest in San Jose. Frank, the active manager, was six months old when his parents settled in San Jose. After attending school at Santa Clara College two years he came into the store at fifteen as book- keeper, and since he was sixteen years of age he has done all the buying for the house. Each member of the firm served an apprenticeship in the shop. The eldest brother, after working four years in his father's shop, spent two years in San Francisco to perfect him- self in his trade. He has the supervision of the shop hands. The youngest brother is salesman in the store. The business is entirely owned and controlled by the brothers, who are all married and settled in San Jose. Their father is a German by birth and came to America in 1849. IsELIX RANEY, one of the pioneer agriculturists s^ of Santa Clara County, established his residence T on the land he still owns and occupies, in 1850. His ranch faces on the old Santa Clara and Santa Cruz stage road, adjoining the city limits of Santa Clara on the south. Mr. Raney dates his birth in Washington County, Kentucky, April 4, 1803. He is the son of Joseph and Ruth Raney, who were pioneers in that part of Kentucky. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Joseph Raney, was a volunteer in the War of 1812-14. Felix Raney was reared to the age of sev-. enteen years on a farm in hi';; native county, the fam- ily removing at that time to Martin County, Indiana, where the parents spent the remainder of their lives, the malarial conditions of that climate doubtless hastening their death. After suffering the loss of his parents, Mr. Raney left Indiana, and settling in Washington County, Missouri, engaged in lead-mining for five years, after which time he opened a farm near the famous Iron Mountain. There he followed agri- cultural pursuits for many years — in fact until he re- jTioved to this State. Jn 1834 he irif^rried Miss fjannah DHckwprtb, a 6.5 native of South Carolina, where she was born in t8i6. To them were born seven children, all of them claim- ing Washington County as their birthplace. Mr. Raney, finding that his health was failing, concluded to try the efficacy of the climate of California, of whose virtues he had heard so much. Accordingly, with his household, he left St. Joseph, Missouri, on the eighth of May, 1850. The great bereavement of his life occurred at Green River, where his wife died July 12, of the dread cholera. She was buried by the roadside, and sadly the family wended their weary way toward the land of promise, which the wife and mother was never to see. Reaching this county late in October, Mr. Raney bought a squatter's claim, and in a rude cabin on his purchase the family wintered. Mr. Raney was obliged to undergo the common experience of those who bought land in this way — that of fighting for years claimants under Mexican grants; and, although he finally bought and obtained a patent from the United States Government of 120 acres, still it had cost him over $100 per acre. As an illustration of the richness of the soil in this beautiful valley, our subject states that the twentieth crop from about 100 acres yielded him 250 tons of hay and 1,500 bushels of grain; but not to mislead, he adds that the crop mentioned was the best ever raised on the ranch. True to the memory of his wife, Mr. Raney has never remarried. Of his seven children, all but one are now living. Margaret, the wife of Charles Smith, died in Solano' County, in 1863. Joseph is now a resident of Los Angeles County; Ruth, wife of J. L. Garnsey, resides in the same county, as does also Mary, the wife of L. B. Fine; John makes his home in Albany, Oregon; Felix H. is a resident of Santa Barbara County; and Josiah M. is engaged in the livery business at Santa Clara, living with his family at the old homestead, with his father. Mr. Raney counts between twenty and twenty-five grandchildren and great-grandchildren, and says that but two deaths have occurred among them. In the early days the subject of our sketch was a Whig, but since that party has disappeared from the political field he has been a Democrat. He has lived to witness the most marvelous development in this county and State; and, as he has retained his mental vigor to a remarkable degree, he possesses a vivid recol- lection of the scenes, incidents, hardships, toils, and pleasures of a pioneer life in fppr States: Kentucky, (ndiansij Mjgspuri, ^\\d, ("alifofnia, in all of \vhic}| 514 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." States he has had much to do with the labor of sub- duing the wildness of the virgin soil and creating comfortable homes thereon. From his ripe experience of eighty-six years, and from his knowledge of the natural conditions of different parts of the United States, he concludes that if the people of California would act soberly (not losing their cool, sound judg- ment over exceptional crops and inflated prices, nor incurring debts that in the ordinary course of events cannot be paid), this State, with its many superior advantages, would yet become the most prosperous country in the world. ^^Ij^DWARD C. YOCCO was born in San Jose, California, November 23, 1857. His father, Gioachino Yocco, was born in Domo d' Ossola Italy, October 15, 1822; came to California in 1849, went to the mines, and settled in San Jose in 1850. He was married in 1854 to Josephine Huet, a native of France, who came to California the year of her marriage. Mr. Yocco, with his brother Clementi, engaged in the grocery business in San Jose, in which business they continued for twenty years, when he took up his residence in Paris, France, where he still makes his home, but still owns property in San Jose. He had two children, of whom Edward C. is the youngest. He was reared in San Jose till ten years -of age, when he went to Paris, where he remained five years, and was educated. He then returned to San Jose and entered the grocery store run by his uncle, and remained with him until the dissolution of partnership occurred. He then entered the grocery store of Auzerais & Pomeroy as clerk, and remained there two years. He was married, August 9, 1879, to Gracie Garat, a native of Santa Clara County, and a daughter of Charles Garat. In 1880 he went into the Almaden mines with his father, who was engaged there in the meat business, and remained there' two years, when, in 1882, he came to Los Gatos and engaged in the same business for himself The business was first es- tablished here in 1870 by Goldsworthy Brothers. He is a charter member of Los Gatos Parlor, No. 124, N. S. G. W., and also a member of Ridgely Lodge, I. O. O. F., having first become an Odd Fellow in San Jose, in 1879, He has three children, two sons and a daughter. g^AWLEY E. DENT has been identified with the development of Santa Clara County, and its fruit interests, especially since 1871. Coming to California primarily for his health, which could withstand no longer the rugged climate of Illinois, he made the trip from San Francisco to Santa Bar- bara, and thence, with a party of five Illinois friends, made a horseback trip to San Diego, camping out, studying the country as they went. They passed through Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, but found nothing more attractive than Santa Clara County. Returning to Illinois to settle his affairs, he, in 1871, brought his family to California. In the spring of that year he fitted up a two-horse wagon for a camping trip, taking his family, and visited the Yo Semite and various parts of the State, enjoying all the pleasures of such an outdoor life, returning in September to San Jose, where he settled permanently. He bought the home place on Willow Street, oppo- site Cherry Avenue, in the Willows, on which he built his present palatial home. There were then on the place but a few apple-trees about one year old, which have since been replaced by other fruit. The place is now set out with cherries, prunes, apricots, and Ickworth plums. From four acres in full bear- ing in 1887 he received $2,400. From one-third of an acre of Napoleon Bigarreau cherries he received that year $690.53. In 1884 he received from the orchard about $3,000. In that year, from two cherry trees, he received $62.08. In 1885 he received but $1,000, having replaced certain trees with others. In 1886 he received $1,500. He has ten acres on Curt- ner Avenue, between Lincoln Avenue and Booksin road, planted in 1883 in F"rench prunes and apricots. Received $1,000 off that place in 1887. Has forty- five acres at Saratoga, planted as follows: 2,500 French prunes, 500 apricots, 250 German prunes, 250 egg plums, and the rest in grapes. From trees four years old, he received in 1887 over fifty tons of fruit, besides grapes, realizing about $2,200. He also has thirty-two acres at Los Gatos, in five-year-old trees and grapes. Mr, Dent was born in Indiana, in 182 1. His par- ents came from Virginia to Indiana a short time pre- vious to his birth. Soon after his birth the family re- turned to Virginia and remained there about three years, thence back to Indiana, and then, in 1832, back again to Illinois, where the father purchased a farm and settled in Marshall County, where the subject of our sketch passed his youth in attending school and He was later for many working on his father's farm BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 515 years interested in farms and farminf^ until failing health caused him to make a change of occupation. He removed to Ottawa, Illinois, engaging in the real- estate business, although his home was at Wcnona, Illinois. He was a member of the firm of Dent & Dent, and later of Dent, Moore & Co. Mr. Dent was married, in 1844, to Miss Rebecca McCoUum, of Pennsylvania, who died in 1864. There are four living children from that marriage: Amelia, now the wife of Lyman H. Tower, of Omaha, Nebraska; Frances, now the wife of Aaron Dennis, of the Willows; Rawley E., now living at Friend, Nebraska ; Louis D., a promising attorney of Hastings, Nebraska, died there in 1886. Mr. Dent was again married, in 1867, to Miss Frances Burbank, of Port- land, Maine, niece of Thaddeus Fairbanks, of St. Johnsbury, Vermont, the inventor of Fairbanks' scales. She died in 1882. From this marriage were born three children: Lena B., now attending the Washing- ton College at Irvington, California; W. Evans, and Mabel, both attending school at the Willows. Mr. Dent married, in 1883, Miss Laura Chandler, of Yuba City, California. One child, born of this marriage, Ellwood, died in early infancy. Mr. Dent's parents were Enoch Dent, a native of Morgantown, Virginia, born in 1796 and died at Wenona, Illinois, in 1872; and Judith (Gapen) Dent, born in Uniontown, Penn- sylvania, in 1799, and died in Arkansas City, Kan- sas, in 1876. John Dent, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was Captain in a Virginia Regiment in the War of 1812. Mr. Dent is a Democrat in poli- tics, but believes in full protection of American in- dustries. §ORYEA BROTHERS. On the second floor of the Paul Block, No. 26 South First Street, one T of the finest buildings in San Jose, are situated the photographic parlors of the Loryea Brothers, the leading photographers of this city. The reception- room is handsomely and luxuriously furnished, while the operating and other rooms are fitted and furnished in the most suitable manner. Messrs. Loryea lead in their line, and are entitled to all the credit due men who, by sheer force of merit, have brought themselves to the front. They are both possessed of a thorough knowledge of the art, familiar with the slightest de- tail, and under the most trying circumstances exer- cise the patience so necessary in their business, and never allow a subject to leave the studio partially sat- isfied, insisting that every patron shall express him- self freely, and if not satisfied pose again. On the walls the eye is attracted by the portraits of hun- dreds of the best people of the county, and not less so by the beautiful landscape views, of which this firm makes a speciality, including the finest views of the great Lick Observatory. The narrow but well-lighted passage to the operating-room is lined with growing ferns and flowers, seeming the gateway, as it is, of that strange realm whence soon we are granted to see our " other self," a speaking portrait. The firm consists of Milton and Archie Loryea, both natives of the Pacific Coast, Milton having been born at Sacramento in i860, and Archie in Oregon in 1865. They learned their art in San Francisco in the cele- brated photographic gallery of Edouart & Colb. Milton was employed there five years and Archie two. In 1 88 1 Milton established the gallery in San Jose, Archie joining him in 1882. The reception parlor is in the front, looking down on the busy throngs on First Street, while the operating-room is at the rear, where they have a most perfect control of the light- ing. There are also finishing and toning rooms, as well as a large printing-room on the roof, with sun all day long. In addition there are also elegant dress- ing and other rooms. They make a speciality of en- largements and also of children's pictures, in which they are peculiarly successful. They have a very large and complete assortment of backgrounds and accessories, so that all classes of photographs may be obtained by their patrons. Personally they are among our most popular young men, standing high in both business and social circles. SAMUEL R. WILLIAMS was born in Canada West, June 25, 1828. His parents, James and Anna (Weise) Williams, were both natives of the same place. Samuel was raised on his father's farm, and during intervals was able to attend the pub- lic schools, where he was taught the common branches of education. He remained with his parents until he was twenty-four years old, when, in April, 1852, he was married to Jane Hume, also a native of Canada. He bought 100 acres of land in the same township, and began farming for himself, where he remained for three years. In 1855 he sold his property and emi- grated to California. He went into the mines in Nevada County and worked there three years, with fair success, but, like nearly all miners, had his ups 516 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OE THE WORLD." and downs. He then returned to Canada, where his family was during this time, and went into the tan- nery business in the township of Camden, Canada West. Mr. WilHams remained there in business until 1866, when he sold his tannery and again came to California. He went into the mines at Virginia City, Nevada, where he stayed two years. He came to Yolo County, California, and went to farming, and during his residence there of two years sent for his wife and family. In 1870 he came to Santa Clara County and located in the Cupertino District, where he cleared 100 acres of wild land and set it out to grapes. After working the land three years, he re- ceived a deed for one-half of it as payment for the labor expended on the place. Mr. Williams has since taken two of his sons into partnership with him in the fifty acres, which are all in vines sixteen years old, that have been bearing heavy crops for several years. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have five children, two daughters and three sons: Melissa A., wife of William Close; J. D., Albert E., Augustus C, and May Will- iams, all of whom are residing at home or in the county. His son J. D. Williams has a ranch of twenty acre.s, which is set to grape-vines five years old. Mr. Williams and his sons have a common interest, and all are doing business together. In the summer of 1886 they bought five acres on the Stevens Creek road near by, and erected a winery 153x30 with a capacity of 150,000 gallons, and in the same year made wine to the full capacity of the building. ->->->%o%^- §R^ALTER A. CLARK, the active young real- <£sW^ estate broker of Mountain View, was born ^#f February 6, 1867, in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, I a son of Enoch and Charlotte Clark. His fa- ther died when he was seven years old, and he made his home with his mother until he was fifteen, attend- ing the public schools of Warren, Jo Daviess County. He then went to Aberdeen, Dakota, where he entered a mercantile store as a clerk, remaining about two years. From there he went to New Orleans, where he spent the winter, after which he paid a visit to his old home in Illinois. In February, 1886, he came to California, stopped with his aunt, Mrs. Atwell, who has a ranch near Mountain View, and liking the country so well, with its bright prospects for the fut- ure, he decided to make it his home. In September, 1887, he started in the real-estate business, with B. E. Burns, under the firm name of Clark, Burns & Co., which partnership continued until April, 1888, when it was dissolved, and Mr. Clark opened an office by himself, where he has since been doing business. He makes a specialty of real estate, town, and country property. He is a wide-awake, stirring young man, and pushes his business right to the front. If he has any new and desirable property on hand, he believes in making it known to the public. All of the country property in his possession is fine fruit ranches, situated in the warm belt and in the best fruit-growing section of the valley. On account of the demand for small places suitable for homes for parties desiring to avail themselves of the excellent advantages offered by the Stanford University, Mr. Clark has a number of such places, which are rapidly being sought after. He is Secretary of the Mountain View Canning Company, organized in the spring of i' I LIVER R ASKAM, M. D. One of the prom- inent young men of Mountain View, and a rising member of the medical profession, is Doctor Askam, the subject of this sketch. He is a na- tive of Ohio, where his parents reside. His father, George Askam, has been a very active man in former years, and was an extensive dealer in stock, but now is living a more retired life. There are six children in the family, four sons and two daughters, of whom two sons are now practicing physicians of this State. O. P. Askam was raised on his father's farm, and re- ceived his literary education at the First Street Nor- mal High School, Louisville, Kentucky. When he was eighteen years of age he entered upon the study of medicine, under the preceptorship of his brother. Doctor H. F. Askam. When he was nineteen years old, he entered the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville, and graduated at that institution on the twenty-sixth day of June, 1884, after having passed a rigid examination conducted by members of the Fac- ulty. Soon afterward he commenced the practice of his profession, and in course of time came to Mount- ain View, where he opened an office and has been one of the most successful physicians who has practiced in this locality. The Doctor is a pleasant conversa- tionalist, is congenial with his friends, and a citizen of high standing in the community. Although a young man, he is rapidly coming to the front as a physician. He has acquired a large and extensive practice, and is destined at no distant day to occupy a prominent position in the medical profession. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 517 Doctor Askam is a member of the Santa Clara Medical Society, is a Knight Templar, belonging to the Chapter and Commandery of San Jose, and to the Blue Lodge of Mountain View. He is also a member of the Eastern Star Lodge, a social order of Masonic nature, at San Jose, and of the A. O. U. W. of Mount- ain View. |HOMAS B. KEESLING, one of our most suc- cessful fruit-growers, has a beautiful home in the Willows, on Willow Street opposite Cherry Ave- nue. The place has an area of about twenty acres, planted mostly in cherries and apricots, with about an acre of grapes near his house, and cost him in 1873 $10,000, or $500 an acre. In 1887 he had about seven tons of grapes, which sold for an average of $15 per ton. The cherries produced about seven and one-half tons to the acre, and apricots also bore a very full crop. Mr. Keesling has two ranches in Santa Clara County, one a mountain ranch of fifty acres planted in grapes and prunes, and forty acres about three miles west from his residence in various kinds of fruit. Born in Preble County, Ohio, in May, 1824, his grandparents, John Keesling, a native of Wythe County, Virginia, and Melinda (Bulla) Keesling, a native of North Carolina, having moved into Ohio in its earlier settlement. The family removed to a point near New Castle, Indiana, where the subject of this sketch went to school and worked on his father's farm. Commissioned Postmaster of Mechanicsburg, Indiana, in 1848, by President Taylor, he held that position for eight years, meanwhile conducting a general store and a steam saw-mill, the post-office being in his store. His old sign, painted by himself, still hangs over this store. His father's farm having been on the wagon road between Cincinnati and Chicago, he had heard as a boy many and wonderful stories of the great West beyond. These did not decrease as to the great de- velopment of that section while he was merchant and Postmaster of Mechanicsburg, so that in 1856 he re- solved to cast his fortune toward the setting sun. Selling out his interests in Indiana, he took his family and settled where Minneapolis now is. At that time there were but a few shanties on the west side of the river, although on the east side was the town of St. Anthony's Falls. He bought twelve acres of land now in the center of Minneapolis, and remained there for sixteen years, during which time he worked in the saw-mills and at gardening. This land, for which he paid $1,400, appreciated so much in value that he sold off $35,000 worth, and has been offered $50,000 for what he still holds! Having always had a fond- ness for horticulture, which he undertook in Minnesota with unsatisfactory results, owing to the intense cold, he made a trip to California, settling in the Santa Clara Valley in 1872. Here he worked during the first year for James Lick, purchasing at the end of the year the home place in the Willows. He was married, in 1848, to Miss Elizabeth Hasty, a native of Preble County, Ohio, her parents also re- moving into Indiana during its early settlement. Her parents were Thomas Hasty, a native of Kentucky, and Anna Raper, a native of Virginia. This union has been blessed with a numerous progeny, number- ing eleven: Martha Ann, now the wife of George W. Hanson, a resident of the Willows; Francis M., con- nected with Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express in San Jose; Leander B., residing near Glenwood, in the Santa Cruz Mountains; Horace G., now a fruit-grower in the Willows; Alva C, a fruit-grower in Santa Clara County; Oliver M., fruit-grower in the Willows; Carrie E., George C, Thomas C, Emma E., and Edwin E., the five latter still attending school and occupying the paternal home. Mr. Keesling has been always a believer in the principles from which the Republican party sprang, and which carried it on in its successful career. In these he but followed in the footsteps of his father, as he has been followed by his sons. His father was in favor of the abolition of slavery, and helped every slave who escaped from thralldom and came within his reach. Death called the old gentleman before the day of Emancipation, but his spirit battled for liberty and union in the persons of a son and a nephew, who gave up their lives that their country might be saved. The son, Isaac B., died at Vicksburg, and the nephew was killed at Richmond. Other relatives also lost their lives during the war. «-^^^^^- |HE HONORABLE DANIEL FRINK. The reminiscences of the early pioneers and advent- urers on the Pacific Coast must ever possess a peculiar interest for the Californian. Green in their memory will ever remain the trials and incidents of early life in this land of golden promise. The pio- neers of civilization constitute no ordinary class of 518 PEN PICTURES PROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." adventurers. Resolute, ambitious, and enduring, looking into the great and possible future of this western slope, and possessing the sagacious mind to grasp true conclusions, and the indomitable will to execute just means to attain desired ends, these heroic pioneers, by their subsequent career, have proved that they were equal to the great mission assigned them, that of carrying the arts, institutions, and real essence of American civilization from their Eastern homes and planting them upon the shores of another ocean. Among the many who have shown their eminent fitness for the important tasks assigned them, none merit this tribute to their characteristics and peculiar worth more fully than the subject of this sketch. He was born in Chenango County, New York, August 7, 1827, son of Nathan and Eunice (Burdick) Frink, the former a native of Connecticut and the latter of New York. He resided at home until he reached the age of nineteen years, when he enlisted in the First Regi- ment, New York Volunteers, raised to take part in the Mexican War. Being assigned to duty on the Pacific Coast, he set sail in the ship Loochoo, and ar- rived in San Francisco March 26, 1847, where he was quartered until discharged, August 15, 1848. Gold had now been discovered, and the whole world would appear to be en route to the mines. To them also went Mr. Frink, his choice falling on those in El Dorado County; but, not finding much encourage- ment to remain, he left the district after one month's mining, and returned to San Francisco. We next find Mr. Frink passing the winter of 1848-49 in Chili, South America; coming back, however, in the spring, he once more toyed with fortune in the mines, but soon left for San Rafael, Marin County, where he es- tablished a mill in the redwoods of that county, which he conducted until the spring of 1850, when he again left for the mines, this time to the Yuba River. But he made only a short stay, and returned to Marin County, where he bought a ranch and embarked in stock-raising. However, in 1859, he disposed of this farm, moved to Santa Clara County, and settled on the land where he now resides, consisting of four hundred acres of the best soil in the country. Mr. Frink has been a Justice of the Peace in Marin County. During the year 1851-52 he, with John Minge, were elected the Associate Justices to form the Court of Sessions of Marin, Ai Barney being County Judge, while in 1879 he was elected to the State Leg- islature on the Republican ticket. He married, in Marin County, October 26, 1852, Pauline H. Reynolds, a native of Vermont, and has six children, of whom five are now living, as follows: William R., born October 26, 1853; Pauline E., born January 26, 1856; Daniel B., born Novembers, 1857; Henry R., born December 7, 1859, and died July 17, 1888; Robert A., born April 25, 1865; Stella H., born September 24, 1868. ENJAMIN F. BRANHAM, real estate dealer. No. 50 South First Street, San Jose, has been a resident of California since 1846, and of San Jose for the same period. Born in Callaway County, Missouri, July 25, 1845, he was brought by his parents, in the following year, to California, cross-^ ing the plains and learning to walk while on that trip. He attended at first a private school, and later the public schools of San Jose, completing a course later at ihe San Jose Institute, under the management of Freeman Gates. In 1865, at the age of twenty years, he graduated in the Commercial Department of that institute. Previous to this he had worked at times on his father's ranch, and had been engaged in herd- ing sheep in the mountains and in the Santa Clara Valley for his father. The familiarity with the sur- rounding country gained by this experience was later of much value in his official career. In 1868 he was appointed Deputy County Treasurer under P. O. Minor, and served until the close of the latter's term, in March, 1870. In 1871 he went into El Dorado County to take charge of a mine, which he managed for a mining company for three years. From that place he went to Lassen County, where his father owned mining interests, and engaged in mining until 1874, when these mines were abandoned. He then returned to Santa Clara County, leased his father's ranch, and conducted it for two years. He was then appointed Under-Sheriff, by N. R. Harris, in which capacity he served until March, 1880, when Sheriff Harris went out of office. In June, 1880, he was ap- pointed bookkeeper for the San Jose Savings Bank, which position he filled until November, 1880, when the bank commenced retiring from business. In 1881 he took the position of clerk and assistant bookkeeper in the Mariposa Grocery Store, on Market Street, San Jose; this place he held until after his nomi- nation and election as Sheriff, which position he as- sumed in January, 1883. He was re-elected to this office in 1885, holding it until January, 1887, being succeeded in that year by the present incumbent. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 519 He then engaged in the real-estate business, in which he is still occupied. In 1879 he was married to Mrs. Mary A. Walsh, a native of Maryland. To this marriage has been born one child Charles E., born in June, 1881. Mr. Bran- ham has always been an active supporter of the Dem- ocratic party, which has twice honored him with its nomination and suffrages. In being elected to the shrievalty of Santa Clara County on the Democratic ticket, it has always required support from individual Republicans, that party being largely in the majority. This support has been given freely to Mr. Branham, not only in recognition of his own sterling integrity and good qualities of heart and head, but also as an evidence of the high esteem and popularity in which his father and the family have always been held by the people of this county, without regard to political affiliations. Mr. Branham, while Sheriff, was largely instrumental in arresting and bringing to justice sev- eral murderers, against whom the evidence was at first apparently meager, but who later received the gallows as the reward for their crimes. During his adminis- stration of the office of Sheriff the escape of important criminals was practically unknown. iEORGE SWALL was born in La Salle County, = Illinois, near Streator, March i, 1858. His father, ■j^ Matthias Swall, is a native of Germany, and came to the United States at an early date. He went to New Orleans, where he lived for some time, and was there married to Elizabeth Haines, also a native of Germany, who came to this country when she was a mere child. From New Orleans he moved to Illinois, and in 1865, with his family, moved to California. They sailed from New York via Panama to San Francisco. Mr. Swall located on a ranch near San Jose, where he lived one year; then he took up a quarter-section of government land in the San Joaquin Valley; also bought several sections of rail- road land, and followed agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. He made his home there until 1870, when he moved to Salinas Valley, Monterey County, although he did not dispose of his interests in San Joaquin Valley until 1873. In the Salinas Valley he was engaged in stock-raising and in the butcher bus- iness, which he continued up to 1875, when he sold out and went South, and is now residing up on a farm in Los Angeles County. They raised a family of eleven children, of whom nine are now living — eight sons and one daughter. George Swall, the subject of this sketch, was seven years old when his parents moved to this State. He was educated at the public schools and at Heald's Business College, San Francisco. In 1873, or while he was living at home, lie learned the butcher business, and in 1875 came to Mountain View, v\here he hired out to a butcher and worked two years. He then went to Los Gatos, where he worked for L. Johnston one year, when he got the position of foreman and manager of the business. In 1881 he bought Johns- ton out, taking in a partner, under the firm name of S\yall & Smith, which partnership continued two years. Mr. Swall then sold to his partner, and shortly after opened a shop by himself, doing business for one year. He then sold out and returned to Mount- ain View, in October, 1884, and bought out the same shop where he used to work nine years before. In February, 1888, Mr. Swall erected the building where he is now located, and in May of the same year built the dwelling-house where he now lives. He was married, August 6, 1882, to Mary Florence Collins, who was born in Santa Clara County, daugh- ter of Ferry Collins, one of the old pioneers of the county. They have two children: Lester L, born December 20, 1883, and Mary Ellen, born June 28_ 1885. Mr. Swall is a member of Ridgley Lodge, No. 294, I. O. O. F., of Los Gatos. He is a stock- holder in the Olympic Hall of Mountain View; also a stockholder in the Mountain View Canning Com- pany. Mr. Swall is one of the successful business men of Mountain View, and has built up for himself a large and extensive trade. He is kept busy nearly all the time, running two wagons, supplying meats, etc., to the community on every side for miles around. What he has is from his own earnings, having had to earn his own way in the world when he first started out, and by saving his earnings from time to time, and constant application to business, he has laid the foundation for a successful career. ■ -r^^ '^. O. McKEE, professional architect, has a beauti- es ful orchard home on the McKee road, a continu- '^ ation of Julian Street, on the east bank of Coyote Creek, just beyond the city limits of San Jose. Mr. McKee is one of California's pioneers. He was born in Cromwell, Connecticut, May 7, 1831, son of Henry and Sarah (Sage) McKee, of Scotch extraction, and 520 PEN PICTURES FROM TPIE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." from a long line of American ancestry. His father was a sea-faring man, and became a master mariner at the age of twenty-two years. Accompanied by his son, whose name heads this sketch, he left New York in command of the ship Isabella, of which he was part owner, in November, 1849, bound for San Francisco. The long voyage around Cape Horn was safely concluded by the arrival of the vessel at the Golden Gate, in May, 1850. Both father and son en- gaged, for a few years, in the coasting trade, each as Captain of a vessel owned in part by themselves. The family came on to join them in the spring of 1853, but the all-ruling Power permitted the father never more to meet them. He was carried away be- fore they reached this coast, dying at the age of fifty years. Upon the arrival of his mother and the family, J. O. McKee left his occupation, and, having largely the care of the family, provided a home in San Jose. After two or three years had passed he bought the fifteen acres of property now making his fine orchard home. In 1856 he wedded Miss Rachel Clevenger, who was born in Ray County, Missouri, and is now the mother of four daughters, viz.: Belle, wife of A. Lundy; Nellie; Abbie, wife of R. Coykendall; and Edith. In the vessel commanded by the elder McKee, the archives of the capitol were conveyed on their way from San Jose to Vallejo. Mr. J. O. McKee be- lieves that the first fruit shipped from a Santa Clara orchard to San Francisco was carried on his vessel. It was gathered in one of the old orchards planted by the Mission Fathers at Santa Clara. Mr. McKee is one of the leading men in his pro- fession in Santa Clara County. His office is at his home. In political action he is identified with the Republican party. ass M. THEUERKAUF. It is usually the case that those who deserve to succeed, do suc- ,,„ ceed, and this whether they be men or women; yet it is a fact that, as society is at present con- stituted, the way is not so open ( r so easy for a woman as for a man. It is with pleasure, therefore, that we record the instance of the subject of this sketch as an example of what can be accomplished by push, pluck, perseverance, and probity. Miss Theuerkauf is a native of Santa Clara Valley, being a daughter of George Theuerkauf, now a landed proprietor of Monterey County, but forperly pf Santa Clara; a niece of Frederick Theuerkauf, who resides on the Almaden road, four miles south of San Jose, a family as well and honorably known as any in the valley, a pioneer family of the days of 1849, that has weathered the storms and tiials of those early days, and has reached the success deserved so amply by the argonauts. Miss Theuerkauf being of an inde- pendent and ambitious turn of mind, left her home with a determination to succeed at whatever she might embark in. She went to San Francisco several years ago to familiarize herself with whatever business she might choose. After looking over the field she de- cided to try canvassing, having a desire for outdoor vifork. She commenced soliciting for sewing-machines, which proved to be her calling, and her labors were crowned with success. Her success, in a measure, is attributed to her good judgment in choosing the cele- brated Domestic Sewing Machine. It always gives such perfect satisfaction that every machine sold helps to sell another. It is so perfect and reliable that it could be the most honestly recommended. After one year spent in the city learning the business, and ac- quainting herself with methods, she, not being con- tent with canvassing for some company, made arrange- ments to buy her machines and conduct business for herself She went to Monterey County, and, proving her fitness for the post by her diligence and success, her territory was successively enlarged, until now she is head agent for Santa Clara, San Benito, and Monte- rey Counties, with numerous sub-agents under her direction, and having her headquarters at 85 South First Street, San Jose. The Domestic is considered the best and most popular sewing-machine made, there being over one million in use in the United States! It is simple, durable, and perfect, leading all other makes as a family sewing-machine. Its rapid growth and popularity are marvelous. .With the suc- cess she had met with in the machine business, she decided to handle pianos also, it taking but little more time to solicit for both. Again her good judg- ment was displayed in selecting the Knabe make for her leading piano, as it is second to none. Those purchasing one can congratulate themselves on having one of the leading pianos of America, so pro- nounced by many of the great artists, such as S. Thal- berg, L. M. Gottschalk, Marmontel, Professor of the Conservatory of Music, Paris, Clara Louise Kel- logg, and others. It also graces the parlor of our eminent statesman, the Hon. James G. Blaine, and many others too numerous to mention. With her ambition and push she )3 bound to b? as siiccessfid in '.^^ 'i-^- ^gt^^c /r~^Pe^o-. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 521 the sale of pianos as she has been in the machine business. Parts of machines are kept, and every kind of re- pairing is perfectly done and guaranteed. It should be mentioned that the numerous attachments that accompany the Domestic machine are attached with- out the use of a screw-driver, proving a great con- venience in this matter. Another department of Miss Theuerkauf's busi- ness is the sale of the popular Domestic Paper Pat- terns. Many ladies will use no others, as they are giving the utmost satisfaction. In conclusion, we cite Miss Theuerkauf again as one of the best instances of a self-made person, who, by tact, energy, and economy, has placed herself safely upon the pedestal of success. She is a pleasant person to meet, a true lady, easy and affable to all, yet a thorough business woman in every respect, es- teemed a favorite in every refined circle. JpRA J. LOVELL is a pioneer of Redwood Town- cfe) ship, having arrived in this valley October i, 1852. T After spending a year at Santa Clara he located, in the autumn of 1853, upon the homestead estab- lished during the latter year, in what is now the More- land District, where he has ever since resided. He found the land in a state of nature, covered with oak and chaparral. The tract comprised 231 acres, and, although a Mexican grant, Mr. Lovell succeeded in obtaining a good title without the usual delays and expenditures generally experienced by the early set- tlers. Subsequently he sold off sixty-eight acres, and until recently he devoted the place to general farm- ing. Now he has sixty acres in orchard and vineyard. Mr. Lovell was born in Logan County, Kentucky, Novembers, 181 1. His father, Michael Lovell, was born and spent his early boyhood on the Chesapeake Bay, sixty miles below Baltimore. Becoming an orphan, he went to Kentucky, where he was an agri- culturist, and his son Ira has ever been a tiller of the soil. With his wife and seven children, hereafter named, the latter, in 1852, crossed the plains and mountains, with ox teams, to the Golden State, being six months on the way, and suffering much sickness, and meeting with much trouble during the latter part of the journey. The date of Mr. Lovell's marriage to Miss Ann L. Campbell, was 1835, in Kentucky, her native State. Her father, William Campbell, was one of California's 66 earliest American settlers, and his history is given elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Lovell's children, who were born in Kentucky, are: William M., now a resi- dent of Tucson, Arizona; James M., of San Bernar- dino County, this State; John, a resident of Santa Clara; Mary E., wife of William Beauchamp, resid- ing near Gilroy; Joseph W. and Hugh W., with their parents; and Sarah M., wife of Lindsley Cook, of San Luis Obispo. The children born in this State are: Ella L., with her parents, and Nora and Cordelia, who died young. As to politics, Mr. Lovell was reared under the political inflence of Henry Clay, and therefore never voted any but the Whig ticket during the life of that party; and since then his sympathies have been with the Democratic party. As to religion, he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church South; and as to neighborhood relations, they have ever been known as consistent people, philanthropic, and active in public enterprises, often leading in them. Both education and religion have been materially supported by their bountiful hands. ;ARK FARNEY, deceased. The subject of this sketch was born in Ireland, in 1824. Re- ceiving a good education in his native land, where he became a school-teacher, on reaching manhood he became anxious for better opportunities for advancement, more freedom, more room to play the game of life than was afforded by overcrowded Ireland, with its old, established, hard condition for the poor man. Coming to the United States, he landed at Boston in 1847, and after several years' res- idence in the East, came to this State in its days of early history — 1853. His first home was in Napa County, where he owned, at one time, the larger part of the present site of the city of Napa. In i8s6-Mr. Farney became a resident of Santa Clara County, and soon after bought fifty acres of land on the Mil- pitas road, on the east bank of the Coyote River, about three miles from San Jose. This property he improved from a state of nature, making it one of the most productive farms on that road. He early de- voted forty acres of his land to fruit culture, and being a careful, skillful horticulturist, his products were known far and wide for their excellent condition, while they stood second to none in the markets. He received from the S^n Francisco Bay District Agri- 522 PEN PIOTUERS FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." cultural Society, September, 1861, a diploma for the best nursery of fruit-trees. On the ninth day of July, 1873, Mr. Farney mar- ried Miss Mary Burdon, who is also a native of Ire- land, coming to the United States with her brother, John Burdon, in 1859. California has been her home since 1865. She is the mother of three bright little girls: Mary C, born in 1874; Julia E., born in 1876; and Alice R., born in 1878. Mr. Farney was a man who made friends wherever he was known. His warm, genial nature won for him many friends among his neighbors and acquaintances in the home of his adoption. Coming to California a poor man, he carved out his fortune here, and no one of the many prosperous residents of Santa Clara Val- ley more heartily deserves the success which followed his efforts than did he. In creating a pleasant and profitable business and comfortable home in which to enjoy the blessings of a free country, he accomplished thoroughly the object which he had in view when he left his native land to seek his fortunes in the New World. His death, which occurred from hemorrhage, May 7, 1885, was a very great bereavement not only to his wife and children, but also to a large circle of friends. He was a consistent member of the Catholic Church, as is each member of his family. His intelligence, education, and culture placed him in the responsible position of leader and representative of citizens of his own nationality. That he faithfully performed all the duties of a good citizen, as he did the duties in every branch of his life-work, it is hardly necessary to say. He leaves to his family and friends the memo- ries of a life well spent. 'AMUEL FREEMAN AYER, President of the Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County, was born in Sackville, Westmoreland County, New Brunswick, January 23, 1840. His grand- father originally settled in New England and was a soldier in the American army during the Revolution, serving under General Washington in most of his campaigns and at Valley Forge. For this service he was granted a tract of land situated in what has since become the great State of Ohio. He afterward re- moved to New Brunswick, on account of his business, but always retained his citizenship in the United States. The father of the subject of this sketch was James Ayer, and his mother, Elizabeth (Chase) Ayer. Samuel lived with his parents, attending school and assisting his father until he was fifteen years of age, when he went as an apprentice in a large carriage factory, where he remained five years, thoroughly mastering the business in all its details. At the ex- piration of that time, being then twenty years of age, he resolved to come to Cali ornia. He made the journey by steamer, landing in San Francisco in May, i860. After a short stay in that city he came to Santa Clara County, and located in Santa Clara. Here he worked at his trade in the shop of John Dickson until the fall of i860, when he moved to Milpitas and worked in the shop of Abraham Weller until the following spring, when he leased shops and started into the wagon-making business upon his own account. Square dealings, coupled with thorough knowledge of his business, soon insured his success, and in 1863 he built extensive shops of his own, in which he successfully conducted the business until 1868, when he purchased the property where he now resides, and engaged in farming. The business habits and energetic characteristics that brought suc- cess to his other enterprises have produced the same results when applied to his present calling, and he is ranked as one of the leading agriculturists of the county. Mr. Ayer is a man of prominence; his sound sense and practical business ideas are recognized by the community, and his opinion upon all matters affect- ing the welfare of the county is often sought and always respected. From his earliest manhood he has been deeply interested in the public-school system of this country, and has devoted much time to advanc- ing its interests. For twenty-five years he has been a Trustee of his district, and the enviable condition of educational interests in that community is due to his efforts. In 1876 he consented to become a candi- date on the Republican ticket for the office of Super- visor. .- His opponent, Mr. Thomas Stealey, was a very popular man, and the district strongly Demo- cratic, but, notwithstanding these disadvantages, Mr. Ayer was elected by a fair majority. In Milpitas Township he received every vote but eleven, and Alviso Township voted for him unanimously. With the exception of two j-ears he has ever since been a member of the Board of Supervisors, and has held the position of President of the Board for three terms. During these twelve years Mr. Ayer has shown not only an honesty of purpose and a willing spirit, but has also displayed an ability to take care of the in- terests of the county. His progressive ideas have BIOORAPHICAL SKETCHES. 523 been adopted and his methods copied by Boards of other counties, who have come to look upon the Board of Santa Clara County as a model for imitation. He came into office at the time of a dead lock in the Board on the question of constructing the Mt. Hamilton road, and his vote untied the knot and gave to the county this magnificent avenue. His knowledge of the sub- ject of public highways caused him to be often called before committees of the State Legislature when this subject was before that body. When the indebted- ness of the county was re-funded, the best bid for the new bonds was par at six per cent interest. Mr. Ayer visited Sacramento and induced the State to take them at four per cent. During the last twelve years there is scarcely an item of desirable legislation had by the Board that he has not helped to accom- plish, and many of them he has originated. He has the courage of his convictions on all matters pertain- ing to the county, and is not afraid to do battle for what he thinks is right. Mr. Ayer was united in marriage December, 1862, to Miss America E. Evans, daughter of Josiah and Cavy Ann (Smith) Evans, residents of Santa Clara County. Her father (a sketch of whom appears in this history) was a native of Fayette County, Ohio; her mother was a native of Morgan County, of the same State. By this marriage there have been ten children, nine of whom are living. Frank and Henry, two of the sons, are residing in Nevada, where, in connection with their father, they are extensively engaged in stock-raising. _:^^^^_ fOHN E. AUZERAIS, cashier of the Safe De- posit Bank, of San Jose, is the eldest of three sons ^ and a daughter of John Auzerais, and is a native son of California, born in San Jose in i860. He at- tended school in the city of Paris for a time; was there during the early part of the Franco-German War; returned to the United States in i87i,and took a course in Santa Clara College, graduating in 1879, in the English and scientific course. Deciding to pursue his studies further, he spent the following year in the same institution, and received another degree in 1880. His business career started in the hardware house of Baker & Hamilton, San Francisco. Leav- ing there, he spent some time in the hardware busi- ness in El Paso, Texas, and in 1882 went to Los Angeles, and became a member of the corporate firm of Schoder, Johnston & Co., which had a capital stock of $200,000. Upon the opening of the Safe Deposit Bank, Mr. Auzerais disposed of his interest in the hardware business to accept the office of cashier, which he has filled to the present time. He is a stockholder and a Director in the bank, and is one of the most thoroughgoing, industrious business men in the city. In 1 88 1 Mr. Auzerais and Miss Minnie McLaughlin were united in wedlock. Mrs. Auzerais is a native of the Golden State, born in Grass Valley, Nevada County. John Auzerais, the father of John E., was an old pioneer and one of the most successful of the early settlers of San Jose. Born in Normandy, France, in 1822, he left his native country, in 1849, in company with his brother Edward, for Valparaiso, Chili, where he accepted a position in a mercantile establishment. Edward came on to San Jose and established the " Mariposa Store," which proved a most profitable venture. A little over a year afterward, in 185 1, John also came to this place and joined his brother in the mercantile business, which prospered in their hands, and the firm of Auzerais Brothers became the best known in this section of the State. They amassed a large amount of wealth, and in 1864 built the famed Auzerais House, at a cost of $150,000. John contin- ued in business until February, 1874, when he disposed of his interest to his brother, who still owns the great establishment. After this Mr. John Auzerais devoted his attention to vine-culture and wine-m.aking, collect- ing rents and watching his investments. His vine- yard comprised 100 acres, situated east of the city near Alum Rock. During the partnership of the brothers, they did much to improve the city in the way of erecting buildings, a number of which are the best blocks in the city, as the Mariposa Block, the Central Block, the Pacific Hotel, the City Market, etc., besides a large number of dwellings. In February, 1858, Mr. John Auzerais was united in marriage with Miss Louise Prevost, a sister of Dr. A. L. Prevost, and niece of Archbishop Blanchard, of Oregon, and Bishop Blanchard, of Washington Terri- tory (both deceased). The lady, prior to her marriage, had been attending the College of Notre Dame in this city. The fruit of the union was six children, two of whom died in infancy. Those living are : John Edward, born May 13, i860; Louis F., born February 17, 1862; Raoul A., born March 28, 1873, and Louise Aimee, born June 25, 1875. John Auzerais passed away December 12, 1887, 524 PEN PlClXjRES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." leaving his widow and four children (two of whom are minors), and all reside in San Jose. Louis, the other adult son, is engaged in the paint, oil, and wall- paper business. Mr. Auzerais left an estate which was appraised at $250,000. He was one of the pas- sengers on the ill-fated Jennie Lind when its boiler exploded on the way between San Jose and San Francisco, and was one of the few on board who es- caped without injury. Mrs. Auzerais, the widow, is a Canadian lady by birth, but came to San Jose in early youth. She was educated in the Convent of Notre Dame, and it was while attending school there that Mr. Auzerais met and won her. .w^|LEXANDER LEWIS McPHERSON, son =ip of John and Helen (Findley) McPherson, was fborn in Buffalo, New York, October 15, 1849. His parents were both natives of Scotland. Al- exander remained in Buffalo till fourteen years of age, when he went to the oil regions of Pennsylvania. Having a natural predilection for machinery, he went to work for his brother Angus, running an engine, and in two years was promoted to be Superintendent of his brother's business. He continued in this capac- ity till 1872, when he went into business for himself, and was very successful, as in two years he made $60,000. In 1874-75 the price of oil was greatly de- pressed and he met with heavy losses. He then re- turned to Buffalo and entered the employ of the New York Central Steamboat Line, running from Buffalo to Saginaw. In 1876 he came to San Francisco and served as engineer in the United States Mint, under Martin Bulger, chief engineer. He resigned this po- sition in 1877, and went with his brother, R. C. Mc- Pherson, to open the Pico Oil District in Los Angeles County, where they bought the first machinery for producing oil wells in California. He remained there till 1879, and then returned to San Francisco and en- gaged in the service of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, running from San Francisco to South America; remained with this company as engineer till 1880, when he took the position of Superintendent of the Pacific Coast Oil Company, with headquarters at Moody's Gulch, Santa Clara County, in which bus- iness he continued till he resigned, on July i, 1887. In June, 1887, he became associated with Mr. P. H. Jordan in the real-estate business in Los Gatos. Mr. McPherson was married, May 6, 1882, to Jennie A. Coats, daughter of James Coats, deceased, of Oakland. She was born March 24, 1864, and was educated at the High School of San Jose and the State Normal School, and is a highly accomplished young lady. She is a relative of the old Clayton family, and a niece of James A. Clayton, of San Jose. "^ [FREDERICK A. SCHNEIDER, San Jose, Cali- <^ fornia. ilHENNIS W. HERRINGTON. This gentleman, one of the early pioneers of Santa Clara County, is a native of Indiana, having been born near Paris, Jennings County, September 23, 1826. Mr. Herrington left the paternal home at the early age of thirteen, removing to Madison, Indiana, where he worked at his trade until the age of nineteen. He had the misfortune to lose the use of his right arm about this time, and was compelled to give up his trade. He immediately entered the Asbury University at Greencastle, Indiana, where he remained the greater part of four years. On the thirteenth day of March, 1850, he left school and started with an ox wagon from Greencastle for California, arriving at Placerville, California, on the tenth of August of the same year. During his first six months in California, he worked in the gold mines, after which he went to Sacramento, living there and at Sutterville from May, 1851, until December, 1853. At this time impaired health com- pelled him to make a change, and he started for Los Angeles, but on reaching San Jose, in January, 1854, decided to remain for a time, and has been here ever since. From 1855 to 1861 Mr. Herrington followed the occupation of teaching, when he took up the study of law, being adrnitted to the Bar in 1862, and has en- gaged in that profession since that time. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1863; was elected District Attorney in 1865, holding the office until 1867, and was a member of the Constitutional Con- vention of 1878-79, which formed the present Con- stitution of California. In 1859 Mr. Herrington was married, in Santa Clara, to Miss Mary Harriet Hazleton, a native of Ohio, who had removed with her parents, Hiram and Martha Hazleton, at an early age, to Michigan, coming thence to California in 1852. From this marriage there are six BIOGHAPHIGAL SKETCHES. 525 children: Irving, Justice of the Peace, and real-estate agent, in Santa Clara; Rachel, now a teacher in the Santa Clara public schools; Leona, wife of Theodore Worth, of Bradley, Monterey County; Clarence, now studying law in his father's office; Howard, now en- gaged in the painting business in Los Angeles County, and Bertram, now teaching in the public school at San Miguel, having graduated at the State Normal School at the age of eighteen years. Mr. Herrington is a member of the Masonic Order, and also of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F. He has been City Attorney of San Jose since [879. In politics he is a Republican, having belonged to that party since 1861. The parents of Mr. Herrington were Joseph and Rachel (Davis) Herrington. His father was a native of Maryland, removing when an infant with his par- ents to Pennsylvania, and later to Indiana. Joseph Herrington was a soldier in the War of 18 12, serving under General Lee for three years, mostly in the neighborhood of the Lakes. He died fn 1859, in Indiana. His wife, a native of Tennessee, died in 1861. They are both buired in Paris, Indiana. )ROF. E. B. CONKLIN is the present State Senator, representing the Thirty-Second Dis- trict. He is the owner of a beautiful orchard, of about ten acres, on the San Jose and Los Gatos road, in the Cambrian district. Mr. Conklin was born November 2, 1803, in Wash- ington County, New York, almost under the shadow of the Green Mountains. His father, Abraham Conk- lin, and his mother, nee Hulda Carmichel, were of old New York families. His boyhood was spent on a farm, but his educational advantages were superior to those generally received by the youth of a farming community. After graduating at the Union village academy in his native county, he at once commenced his career as a teacher, a profession to which he has devoted his whole life, up to a comparatively recent date. He taught for a few years in the district and village schools of Washington and Rensselaer Coun- ties, and during the time he married, in March, 1849, Miss Anna E. Moss. In the autumn of that year Mr. and Mrs. Conklin engaged as teachers in Belvi- dere, Illinois, the Professor having charge of a corps of six or seven teachers, in the large Union school building. After spending several years in that work. he founded the Marengo- Academy, at Marengo, Illinois, which was incorporated under the laws of that State in 1852. That school was successfully conducted until i860. Occasionally the Professor is warmly greeted by former pupils of his, now among the best of California men and women. In 1861 Mr. and Mrs. Conklin came to California, and, in Placerville, resumed teaching. There Pro- fessor Conklin built up gradually a large and flourish- ing academy, expending $25,000 in the building and furnishing, and made his wife Preceptress of the in- stitution. His assistant teachers, of whom there were six or seven, were from the best seminaries and col- leges of the East. A full academic course of studies was pursued by from lOO to 140 students, among whom could be found representatives of nearly every State and Territory on the Pacific Coast. The school was opened in 1861, and was under the charge of Professor Conklin until about 1882, when he sold the property to Rev. Mr. Tyndall, of Michigan, who now conducts it. Mr. and Mrs. Conklin soon after came to Santa Clara Valley. Mrs. Conklin, as her husband's ablest assistant, has been associated with him in all his professional life. She was born and reared in Washington County, New York, and, like her husband, devoted to the cause of education. Lov- ing children, she loved to care for them. She had no children of her own, but, with the assistance of her husband (to whom the work was also a pleasure), she reared and educated several boys and girls. Professor Conklin served one term as Superintendent of the schools of El Dorado County, and did much to add to their efficiency. It testifies strongly to his charac- ter and ability that, after a short residence in this county, he was elected to represent his district in the State Senate, in 1886. In politics he is fully identi- fied with the Republican party. He is a .strong tem- perance man, inculcating temperance principles, by precept and practice. Mr. and Mrs. Conklin united with the Presbyterian Church, at Belvidere, Illinois. For many years Mr. Conklin was an official in that organization, and has attended five or more General Assemblies. »^#^ ♦■t— - ItlLLIAM CAMPBELL, deceased. The subject S^ffl^^ of this S^cetch was one of California's earliest U i3 settlers, and no history of Santa Clara County and of its pioneers would be complete without more than a passing mention of him. He was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, November 12, 1793, and 526 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." was the son of David Campbell. Reared on the frontier, his educational advantages were exceedingly limited, but the experience of a life which covered the history of three wars, in two of which he was an active participant; a life beginning in the common- wealth of Kentucky and ending in the Golden State, — this rich experience, combined with a keen observa- tion and a retentive memory, more than compensated him for the lack of youthful opportunities. He was reared where they made men, physically and mentally. During the War of 1812 he served in a regiment of Kentucky volunteers, commanded by Colonel Cald- well. Little is known of his record as a soldier, but tradition has it that none were ever more ready for duty, none possessed more of the spirit of adventure, none bore the hardships of the march or of camp life more cheerfully than he. On the twenty-fourth of September, 18 16, Mr. Campbell wedded, in his native State, Miss Sarah McNary. She was not spared to him long, her death occurring November 16, 182 1. Mrs. Ann L. Lovell, residing in Moreland District, in this county, is her daughter. For his second wife Mr. Campbell married Miss Agnes Hancock, September 24, 1822. She was a native of Bourbon County, Kentucky. Mr. Campbell led the quiet life of a farmer of mod- erate means for nearly a quarter of a century after this marriage, in Kentucky and Missouri. Still the spirit of adventure was at times upon him, and finally, under its influence, he determined to remove to California. With his wife and children he made the long journey, being almost three years in advance of the men of 1849. He settled in what is now Santa Clara County, and took an active part in the conquest of the coun- try, participating in all the con:iicts that took place in Santa Clara Valley. Naturally, he became one of the leaders in the work of developing the resources of this wonderful new country. Assisted by his two sons, David and Benjamin, he erected the first saw- mill within the limits of the county, for cutting the mighty redwood trees. He was a natural mechanic, being able to handle any kind of a tool, in work- ing wood and iron. In 1847 Mr. Campbell, wish- ing to expedite the work of threshing grain, built for his own use a threshing-machine, probably unlike any other that was ever constructed. It not only threshed, but it separated the grain from the straw and chaff, having a capacity of ten to twelve bushels an hour. If not the first separator ever operated in the State, certainly it was the first one ever duili in the State. The foresight and prophetic predictions of the sub- ject of this sketch as to the future of this State will be remembered by numbers of the early settlers, many of whom paid but little heed to him at the time. Coming two years before the discovery of gold, he lived to see the wilderness changed to a garden, the deserts to an empire, and all the other great changes which time and civilization have wrought in the State of California. Mr. Campbell was a typical pioneer, possessed of a remarkably vigorous constitution, and a brave, undaunted spirit. He did fully a man's part in subduing the wilderness. He was greatly bereaved by the death of his wife, which occurred November 30, of the year that he re- moved to California. She was the mother of seven children, of whom only three are now living. Their names are: David, a resident of Tulare County; Benja- min, whose history follows this sketch; and William G., whose home is in San Francisco. The names of those deceased are: Elizabeth, who died in Missouri, in infancy; Mrs. Sarah Findley, who died in Kern County, this State, June 28, 1869, in her forty-sixth year; Mrs. Susan A. Hargis, who died at Santa Clara, December 9, 1869, at the age of twenty-six years;' and John F., who died in Mendocino County, October 9, 1879, in his fortieth year. Fully ripe, like the grain for the reaper, William Campbell passed peacefully to the better life Decem- ber 2, 1886. For years before his death he made his home with his son Benjamin, but he died while on a visit to his son David, in Tulare County. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he passed from this earth in the faith and hope of the Christian. ->->->'^<^%^- ■ENJAMIN CAMPBELL. The subject of this W sketch enjoys the distinction of being the first permanent settler of Hamilton District. He was born in Muhlenburg County, Kentucky, October 16, 1826. He is the son of William and Agnes Campbell, who, in 1839, emigrated from Ken- tucky to Saline County, Missouri, and in 1846 crossed the almost trackless plains and pathless mountains to California, settling in Santa Clara County. At the time of this removal Mr. Campbell was just reaching manhood: consequently all his active business life has been spent in this county. In many a pioneer enter- prise he was associated with his father, whose history appears in this connection. On their arrival they BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 527 found the country in the turmoil which terminated in its conquest, not by force of numbers, but by Ameri- can valor. In this war, and in the work of creating a new order of things, father and son had a part. In the spring of 1851 Mr. Campbell purchased the site of his present home, which is on Campbell Avenue, near Campbell Station, in the Hamilton District. His original purchase was a squatter's right. Other parties claiming it under Mexican grants, litigation followed, which extended through a period of eighteen years. Finally Mr. Campbell bought a quit-claim of the parties, and obtained of the United States Govern- ment a patent of 160 acres, all but 52 acres of which has been sold, at different times. This is yet owned by him, or by members of his family. In 185 1 Mr. Campbell returned to Saline County, Missouri, and on Christmas-day was united in mar- riage with Miss Mary L. Rucker. In the following year, with his wife, he recrossed the plains, and estab- lished his residence permanently on his purchase. Their first home has given place to a more pretentious dwelling, more in accordance with their increased prosperity and the improved condition of the country at large. Their three children, James Henry, Mrs. Laura A. Swope, and Mrs. Lena M. Rodeck, are mar- ried and well .settled in life. All of them enjoy the pleasure of living near their parental home. Mr. Campbell is now largely interested in horticult- ure, having planted twenty-five acres to trees during the present year. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. They are also members of the order of Patrons of Husbandry. In politics Mr. Campbell is identified with the Dem- ocratic party. Campbell Station, on the Southern Pacific Railway, was built on his land, and was fol- lowed by the establishment of Campbell post-office, Mr. Campbell himself being its Postmaster until re- cently. A long life in Santa Clara County (having now passed the fourth decade), and a worthy one, has won for Mr. and Mrs. Campbell the respect, esteem, and confidence of all who know them. f TILLMAN A. MOULTON, whose residence is located on the Los Gatos and San Jose road, five jk^ miles from Los Gatos and about the same dis- tance from San Jose, owns a very choice fruit orchard of fifteen acres, buying the land in the spring of j8§i, It was then part of a grain ranch of 190 acres, known as the " Johnson Ranch," which had been divided into twelve or fifteen subdivisions, all of which have been set to trees. In the winter of 1881-82 Mr. Moulton converted this tract into an orchard. The residence was completed and taken possession of November 3, 1882. The orchard shows excellent care, and has proved very profitable. In 1887 500 apricot trees yielded fifty tons of fruit, worth at market price $30 per ton, but being dried by him he realized about $60 per ton. Mr. Moulton has been engaged in fruit-drying for the last three seasons, and is the proprietor of the Orchard Home Evaporating Works, and, having in- creased facilities, he will be well prepared to enlarge that bra'nch of his business the present season. The subject of our sketch was born in Somerset County, Maine, April 18, 1835. His parents. Still- man and Esther (Foss) Moulton, were natives of Kennebec County, of the same State. In the spring of 1856, when twenty-one years of age, he left the home roof, and went to Kansas for the purpose of do- ing a man's part in consecrating that fair territory to freedom. For six months he was on guard and patrol duty, being one of an or^^anized band under officers of their own choosing. This was in the days of old John Brown. Mr. Moulton returned to Chicago in January, 1857, and the spring of that year found him in the Green Bay District of the upper peninsula of Michigan. Here he remained for about four years, being engaged in lumbering. In 1861 he came to California and settled in Colusa County, where he followed agricult- ure. Later he went to Humboldt Bay, where he re- mained over a year, removing thence to Nevada in the spring of 1863. In that State he engaged in lumbering, running mills and cutting lumber on con- tract. There, during the latter years of the war, he was a commissioned officer in an organization for home protection, under the late Governor William Nye. In politics he is a conservative Republican. While living ill Nevada, he was Representative in the Fourth General Assembly of that State. William M. Stewart was elected by that Legislature to the United States Senate. Mr. Moulton spent the winter seasons in San Jose for several years, before he became a per- manent resident of the county, his cattle interests still being in Nevada and New Mexico. Since 1877 he has made Santa Clara County his home, living for the first four or five years in San Jose, and taking possession of the family home in Hamilton School District in 1882, 528 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." On the eighteenth of October, 1876, Mr. Moulton wedded Miss Lydia F. Dudley, who was born at Bath, New York, August 15, 1843. Her parents, Moses Dudley and Mary (Atwood) Dudley, were natives of Maine. Mr. and Mrs. Moulton have six children, viz.: Eddy, Mary E., Dudley, Josephine, Lina, and Slillinan Moses. Mr. Moulton is a member of Lodge No. 10, F. A. M., at San Jose, and of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, L O. O. F. Mrs. Moulton is a graduate of Oberlin College, Ohio, and a member of the First Congrega- tional Church at San Jose, also a prominent Sunday- school worker and a strong advocate of prohibition, and doing her voting by training her children to stanch temperance principles. ^' -(gC-^gng (2)|= ^HARLES D. WRIGHT is one of the prominent ^ members of the Bar of Santa Clara County, of which he has been a practicing member for more than fifteen years. He is a son of the Empire State, born in Watertown, Jefferson County, New York. His early education was obtained in his native State, and when fifteen years of age he came to the Pa- cific Coast, and to Santa Clara County. In 1865 he entered the law office of Hon. S. O. Houghton as a student, and was admitted to the Bar in 1868. He has enjoyed a large and lucrative law practice. Mr. Wright has always been a pronounced Republican in his political affiliations, and, possessing the courage of his convictions, he has taken an active part as a local political leader, for which he is well-fitted be- cause of his superior judgment of human nature, and his rare tact and executive ability in controlling and directing men. His candor and integrity of charac- ter inspire confidence, and he has proved a successful fighter of political battles. He managed the cam- paign which elected his former preceptor, Mr. Hough- ton, to the United States Congress. His efforts in politics have, however, all been in behalf of others, as he has never been a candidate, nor sought office for himself As a lawyer, Mr. Wright excels in his clear conceptions of a cause, and such a logical pres- entation of the facts as carries conviction with his ar- gument in the minds of the jury and the court. He has practiced chiefly in the civil courts. In 1835 the subject of this memoir married Miss Mollie Murphy, born in Santa Clara County, and daughter of John M. and Virginia (Reed) Murphy. Her father was one of the famous Murphy expedition. whose perilous experiences are narrated at length in this work ; and her mother was one of the Donner party, whose terrible trials and sufferings are also given in detail elsewhere in this volume. C. JORDAN. Among the magnificent estates in Santa Clara County is the Laurel Wood "e^ Farm, owned by P. J. Donahue, of San Fran- I cisco. It comprises nearly 1,000 acres, located on the east side of the Santa Clara and Alviso road, its southern boundary extending the northern limits of Santa Clara. But a small portion, comparatively, of these lands are yet devoted to orchard or vine- yard cultivation, twenty-five acres being in vines pro- ducing wine grapes of the Zinfandel and Mission varieties, and table grapes of the Sweetwater and Muscat varieties; twenty acres are devoted to berry cultivation, producing strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries; ten acres are used as a family orchard, in which are nearly all the varieties of fruits grown in Santa Clara County. The rest of this extensive farm is devoted to hay, grain, and stock-raising. Great care and attention are devoted to stock-raising, and this farm produces some of the finest specimens of horses and cattle bred in the county. Of the 150 horses on this place, nearly all are thorough-bred. Among the racing and trotting stock, special mention is made of the noted stallions "Duke of Norfolk," Kirel D.," and "Patchen;" also some beautiful horses of the famed " Wildidle " stock. The draft horses are bred from Norman and English stock. There are about I SO head of cattle on this farm, all of which are full-bred Durham stock. Seven artesian wells furnish a plentiful supply of water, one of which is worthy of special mention, as flowing fully two inches of water above a twelve-inch pipe. A handsome and commodious residence, sur- rounded by beautiful grounds, containing extensive - lawns, graveled roads, and shaded walks, is located on this farm about two miles north of the business center of Santa Clara. Among the horticultural pro- ductions of these grounds are some of the rarest flowers, trees, etc., produced in the county, while the fragrant laurel-wood tree, from which the farm derives its name, is here shown in its most beautiful form. Mr. M. C. Jordan, a former resident of San Fran- cisco, has the immediate care of this extensive prop- erty as its resident superintendent. The high state of cultivation displayed, and the successful breeding BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 529 of stock shown on this place, all attest the care, at- tention, and efficient management of its superin- tendent. Mr. Jordan's previous experience and call- ings have rendered him peculiarly adapted to an en- terprise of this character. In early life and young manhood, he was reared to practical farm life. In later life, and for years preceding his superintendency of this farm, he was connected with various corpo- rations in positions of trust and responsibility. Me was connected with the "Omnibus" Street Railroad in San Francisco, for sixteen years, and for the last eight years of that time was its superintendent. — ^^M-^- — tEORGE C. JENKINS, dealer in real estate, and general business agent at Santa Clara, is a na- ■5^ tive of the State of New York, and was born near Cazenovia, Madison County, October 24, 1823. He is the second of five sons, and one of seven children of Robert R. and Laura (Coley) Jenkins, who, when he was seven years of age, re- moved to New Woodstock, New York, where he at- tended the common school and the academy at that place up to his eighteenth year. He then went to Madison, New York, where he learned the trade of tinner, and afterward worked there as a journeyman tinner until the fall of 1848, when he established himself in the stove and tinware business at Lacon, Marshall County, Illinois. There he carried on that business until he came to California, in the spring of 1853. Here he was not engaged in any permanent business until 1857, when he invested in cattle in Santa Cruz County, where he dealt in live stock and also raised the same till 1863; then, meeting with an accident, he was obliged to discontinue business, and for twelve years, up to 1875, being an invalid, he was in no business. In the spring of 1875, locating at Santa Clara, he engaged in the real-estate business, and also secured a commission as Notary Public. He was also appointed as Justice of the Peace to fill a vacancy, and was subsequently elected to the same office, serving in all two years. Politically he is a Republican. January 15, 1846, he was married, at Jacksonville, Illinois, to Miss Emmarilla T. Chandler, a daughter of Isaac and Aveline (Austin) Chandler, who came to Santa Clara County in 1849. Mr. Jenkins, who was in poor health previous to his emigrating to this State, has regained his health and ventured again in business, and thus has to some extent retrieved some 67 of his lo.sses, and has succeeded in establishing him- self in a remunerative business at Santa Clara, with a wide circle of friends and a prosperous future be- fore him. Neither himself nor his wife is a member of any church. Pie is a member of True Fellowship Lodge, No. 238, I. O. O. F., of Santa Clara. -(g^-^€ f'^'OHN T. ASHLEY, deceased. The subject of ^ this sketch, a native of the old Green Mountain ^ State, was born in West Haven, Rutland County, Vermont, June 4, 1830. His boyhood and young manhood were spent upon his father's farm, where he became inured to the toil incident to a farmer's life. His educational facilities were good, he receiving an academic education, and at the age of sixteen years was engaged in teaching school. In 1853 he came overland to California, arriving in Placer County August 14 of that year. Upon his arrival he located in Damascus, where he established a hotel. In addi- tion to his occupation as a hotel-keeper, he was interested in various mining enterprises, and expe- rienced the varying fortunes of a life in a mining town until 1875, when he was elected Recorder and Auditor of Placer County. Mr. Ash'ey was a strong Republican, and his popularity is shown by his being one of the very few Republicans who were elected in that year. In 1876 he moved to Auburn, the county seat of Placer County. The next year he was re- elected to the office, and served until 1880. At the expiration of his term of office he was appointed Under-Sheriff of the county, a position which he held until 1883. In the latter year he came to Santa Clara County, and located in Milpitas. He purchased the interest of Mr. Clark, of the firm of Clark & Dixon, and entered into mercantile pursuits under the firm name of Dixon & Ashley. In 1885 Mr. Dixon sold his interest in the, store to Mr. Ashley's son, Aldace N. Ashley. The business was then conducted under the name of Ashley & Co., until his death, which occurred October 26, 1886. Mr. Ashley was a man of fine scholarly attain- ments and literary talents, and was often called upon for orations, recitations, etc., upon public occasions As a public speaker he was more inclined to sound reasoning and convincing argument than to oratori- cal display. He was a strong Republican, and an ardent supporter of the government during the dark djiys of Rebellion. In i8$3 Mr, Ashley mg-rrjed Miss Mary E, Bell, 530 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." of Placer County. They have four children living, viz.: Aldace N. (a sketch of whom appears on this page), Osee E., Grata M., and Edna M. eWlLLIAM AINSWORTH resides on the Hos- tetter road, in the Eagle School District, about five and one-half miles northeast of San Jose, at which point he owns twenty-five acres of land, which is devoted to orchard purposes, produc- ing apricots, peaches, prunes, plums, apples, pears, and cherries. This orchard is about ten years old, and is in full bearing. It is worthy of mention that in 1887 seventy-five tons of fruit were taken from one thousand trees. These trees occupied about ten acres. The soil is a light loam, and is so moist that all kinds of vegetables can be raised without any irrigation. The subject of this sketch was born in Lancashire County, England, in 1862. His parents were Will- iam H. and Caroline (Wilkinson) Ainsworth. He was reared to mercantile pursuits, after sixteen years of age, and was engaged in the India and China trade, in Manchester, England, until 1884. In that year he came to the United States, landing in New York. After a short stay in that city he went to Nebraska, with the intention of engaging in the cattle business; but not being suited with that country he came to California, and after spending some time in traveling over the State, came to Santa Clara County and pur- chased his present residence. He then returned to England and married Miss A. C. Wild, of London, returning to California the same year with his bride, since which he has engaged in the cultivation of his orchard. Mr. Ainsworth has brought to his calling well-trained business habits which have insured his success. Mr. and Mrs. Ainsworth have two children: Trevlyn and Cyral. ).-(g^.^€ MiLDACE N. ASHLEY is the proprietor of a Ssp) general merchandise store in Milpitas, and has 3!^ a complete assortment of goods, such as are adapted to the wants of the community in which he resides, having, in fact, one of the best regulated and furnished stores in Milpitas. Mr. Ash- ley is a native of California, dating his birth at Da- mascus, Placer County, May 13, 1864. His parents were John T. Ashley (whose sketch is given above) and Mary E. (Bell) Ashley. His life, until the age of twelve years, was spent in the place of his birth, receiving such schooling as was obtainable in the schools then established. In 1876 his father moved to Auburn, the county seat of Placer County, and there Mr. Ashley availed himself of the opportuni- ties afforded, and closely applied himself to attending the excellent public schools of that town. In 1881 he ceased attending school, and entered into an ap- prenticeship as a carriage, sign, and house painter. After some months at this calling he was engaged as a clerk in a drug store, and afterward as a clerk in general merchandise and grocery stores. In 1882 he went to the mines, and was engaged in the " Sunny South" mine for a year, becoming practically schooled in the various phases of mining life. In 1883 he accompanied his father to Santa Clara County, and located in Milpitas, where he, was en- gaged, and took charge of his father's interests in the store of Dixon & Ashley. Mr. Ashley, though but nineteen years of age, proved himself a competent and thorough business man, and in April, 1885, he purchased Mr. Dixon's interest in the store, and con- tinued the business in part icrship with his father, under the firm name of Ashley & Co. October 26, 1886, his father died, and since that time the owner- ship of the store has been vested in himself. Mr. Ashley is a member of San Jose Lodge, No. 34, I. O. O. F. ; also a member of Palo Alto Parlor, Native Sons of the Golden West. He is a stanch and consistent Republican, and takes an intelligent interest in the political affairs of the day. )HILIP ANDERSON is a resident of Berryessa, at which place he is conducting a blacksmith and wagon-making shop. He is located in the midst of a well-settled agricultural section, and his works are well patronized. He is the owner of a comfortable residence adjoining his shops, and also owns 260 acres of hill land about four miles north- east of Berryessa, which he devotes to hay and stock. Among the latter are some fine Percheron horses. The subject of this sketch was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, February 19, 1839. He is the son of Alex- ander and Margaret Anderson. In 1853 he came with his father's family to New Brunswick, and there learned the trade of machinist. His education hav- ing been confined to the common schools in Scot- land, he found himself deficient in even the common BIOORAPHIGAL SKETCHES. 531 branches, and he commenced a course of education by attending night schools, and reading. This he continued for several years. He worked at his call- ing until 1863, in which year he came to California, by the Panama route, arriving in San Francisco, where he worked for a year as a machinist. In 1864 he came to Santa Clara County and located at Berry- essa, where he worked as a blacksmith in the shops which he now owns. In 1865 he purchased an in- terest in the works, and in connection with his part- ner, Mr. Beck, conducted the business until he finally became the sole owner. In 1869 he married Miss Rebecca J. Cahill, the daughter of Barnawell and Rebecca Jane Cahill, natives of New Brunswick. By this marriage there are seven children living, viz.: Margaret Alice, Will- iam W., Mabel V., Leslie C, Roscoe A., Albert Ray, and Emily Oressa. Mr. Anderson is well known in his district, and has always taken a deep interest in its welfare and morals. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and has held the office of School Trustee for six year.s. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, but for some years past has been identified with the Republican party, and has several times been elected a delegate to the county conventions of that party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being associated with San Jose Lodge, No. 10, of that order. Is also a member of the A. O. U. W., and was one of the charter members of Enterprise Lodge, No. 10, of San Jose. fllLLIAM O. WATSON. This gentleman, a member of the real-estate and insurance firm of "e^ Cook & Watson, of San Jose, and also a mem- ber of the County Board of Supervisors, was born near Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1834. He attended school and worked on his father's farm until about twenty years of age. He then spent two years in New'York, making, during that time, a business trip to Charleston, South Carolina, for his brother, in the general commission business. After this he spent a year in business in New Boston, Massachusetts, then returned home and remained about a year. He started for California in May, 1859, and at Comanche, on the Mississippi River, with a companion, fitted out a party and came across the plains, leaving the Mis- sissippi River on the first day of May, 1859, and reach- ing Marysville, California, in the following October. He took a contract to build part of the Marysville & Knight's Landing Railroad, about five miles below Yuba City, at the completion of which contract he went to Oroville and engaged in selling fruit for G. G. Briggs. He spent several years at various employ- ments, railroad building, stock speculation, etc. He removed to Santa Clara Valley in 1864, where he has ever since been engaged in farming and fruit- growing, with marked success. He is one of the most successful fruit-growers in California, and is considered an authority in all matters pertaining to horticulture. Some of the most profitable orchards and small-fruit farms in the county were made by him. In 1880 Mr. Watson was elected a member of the Board of Supervisors, but resigned before taking office, his taste being more for private than public life. In 1882 he was re-elected and consented to serve his term. He brought to his public duties so much energy, intelligence, and business ability that his constituents demanded his re-election in 1884, and again in 1886. His present term will expire in 1890. He has served his constituents with zeal and fidelity, seeing that the people received the full value for every dollar they were compelled to pay in way of taxation. A drive through Mr. Watson's district will convince the most casual observer of the intelligence with which its affairs are managed. In 1869 he was married to Miss M. L. Hicks, a native of Georgia, who came to California with her mother and family in 1852, to join her father, a pio- neer of 1849. They have one child living, Grace, a graduate of the Santa Clara High School. Mr. Watson is a member of Lodge No. 52, I. O. O. F., of Santa Clara, and Protection Lodge, No. 16, A. O. U. W. He has always supported the Repub- lican party, and believes in the fullest protection for American industries. Mr. Watson has always been an active man in each community with which he has cast his fortunes, and his success has been commen- surate. !0N. ADAM RIEHL is of German nativity, and was born September 8, 1831. He came to the United States with an uncle in 1848, locating at St. Louis, Missouri, where he learned the black- smithing trade. In 1853 he came across the plains to. California, arriving at Sacramento, August 7. He worked two months at his trade in Sacramento, and then went to El Dorado County. He carried on the blacksmith business in connection with mining, until 532 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." 1858, when he went into mercantile business, which he continued for eight years. Then selling out, he went to San Francisco and thence to Santa Clara County, locating at Gilroy in 1867. Here he carried on a mercantile business until 1875, when he retired. He was elected Mayor of Gilroy in 1878, and served the full term of two years. For twelve years he was a member of the Common Council of the city of Gil- roy. In 1882 he was elected a member of the Assem- bly and served in the State Legislature until 1884. In 1886 he removed with his family to San Jose. Mr. Riehl was one of the organizers of the San Jose Brush Electric Light Company, and has twice been chosen its President. He is also a principal stock- holder in the Safe Deposit Bank of San Jose. He is generally identified with public improvements, and is recognized as a progressive citizen. He was married, November 20, 1864, to Josephine E. Kumpf, a native of New York. Five children were born to this marriage, to wit: Theresa M., Emma D., George A., Martin W., and P'lorence C. The eldest daughter, Theresa, has developed a won- derful artistic talent and promises to take a high rank among the painters of this country. Her work has attracted the favorable criticism of leading artist.s, and as Miss Riehl possesses energy and industry as well as talent, she must necessarily come to the front. PRNEST WEHNER is the owner of Highland Vineyard, which is located on the west side of 'nT' the eastern hills, where it commands a beauti- ful view of the valley, and can be seen with fine effect from San Jose and points beyond. The tract comprises 750 acres, and the great work of transform- ing the place into a great vineyard and orchard was undertaken on a grand scale in 1888. Already 175 acres have been planted in vines, and fifty acres in choice fruits, but not until about 500 acres are thus improved will this portion of the work be complete. All the grapes are of wine varieties, and all foreign selected. Of the trees thus far planted there are 1,500 apricots, 500 nectarines, 2,000 peaches, 500 French prunes, 500 Bartlett pears, and all show fine progress. Three hundred acres additional of vines will be planted. The arrangements for the manufacture of wine are now being matured, and in 1889 a winery, with a storage capacity of 500,000 gallons, will be erected. No wine will be sent off the place until it has aged sufficiently to become of fine quality. The construc- tion of a residence building, to cost $20,000, will be commenced in the fall of 1888, and it will be built of stone quarried from the neighboring hills. Water for all purposes is supplied in abundance from many liv- ing springs. Only two of these have thus far been tapped, but they yield from 8,000 to 20,000 gallons per day. Mr. Ernest Wehner, under whose intelligent super- intendence all this work is being done, is a native of Hanover, Germany. In 1869 he came to America, and after a residence of one year in Wisconsin removed to California. He resided in San Jose until he under- took the management of the Highland Vineyard- His brother, William Wehner, the ownerof the ranch, is well known as the originator and proprietor of many large panoramas in a number of the large cities of the United States. Among the more celebrated of these panoramas are those of the Crucifixion of Christ, the Battle of Gettysburg, and Missionary Ridge. He has others at Indianapolis, Detroit, and Chicago, while the building and paintings for one at Buffalo, New York, are now in course of preparation. tlLLIAM J. COTTLE was born in Missouri, r^ October 15, 1832. At the age of fifteen he ^j3 left home and went to Quincy, Illinois, where he remained a year, and then went to Shulls- burg, Wisconsin. In 1852, attracted by the gold ex- citement, he came to California. The journey across the plains was one of peculiar hardship, the cholera having broken out in the train with fatal results. Mr. Cottle was attacked by the disease, but finally re- covered after much suffering. Two years' work in the mines enabled him to return to Missouri with $2,000. After a short visit he returned to California, his elder brother, Thomas Cottle, coming with him. They had no success in the mines, and turned their attention to the stock business, finally settling down to dairying on a ranch in Monterey County. After a few years Thomas sold out his interest to William, and went to Oregon. William moved his stock and machinery to a ranch in Alameda County, and here he was over- taken by misfortune. What is known in California as "the dry year'' came on, and he lost nearly all his cattle. Selling out what was left of the wreck, he joined his brother in Oregon, and together they went to the mines in Grande Ronde Valley. During this year and the year following he engaged in several kinds of business. He kept a livery, dealt in real BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 533 estate, bought and sold stock, and owned a sheep ranch. While here, on January 8, 1862, he was married to Miss Fknnie Landers. She was born in Adams County, Illinois, and came across the plains to Oregon with her father when she was but six years old. Her motiier died in 1883, but her father still lives in the Willamette Valley, and is seventy-two years old. Selling out his interests in Oregon, Mr. Cottle came to Santa Clara County and engaged in farming, but, his health failing him, he returned to Oregon, where he carried on a fine farm on the Willamette for four years. He then returned with his family to Santa Clara Connty, where, having bought a fine farm on the Monterey road, he engaged in farming. In 1880 he concluded to move his family to San Jose to en- able them to enjoy better educational facilities. Here Mr. Cottle passed away, on the tenth day of March, 18S4, and with his death Santa Clara County lost one of its best citizens. During his residence in Cali- fornia he had made a large circle of acquaintances, both socially and in business, and each one of these mourned when he was called away. He was a man of unbounded liberality, and his heart was always open to the appeals of the needy. He gave largely to charitable objects, and his memory is revered by scores of people to whom he came as an all-sufficient help in time of trouble. He was, in the truest sense of the word, a public-spirited citizen, at all times will- ing to sacrifice self for the good of the community. When he passed away his remains were followed to their last resting-place by people from all the walks of life, and his memory is still and always will be cherished by those who knew him in this life. He made happy the lives of those about him, and his good deeds done in this world have undoubtedly brought him a rich reward in the other world to which he has gone. He left behind him his widow and four children, viz.: Elmer E., Fred L., Laura L., wife of D. Avery Porter, and Mary E., all of whom reside in San Jose. 5-(§w-^g)-€ Benson GRISWOLD, dealer in hardware, agri- cultural implements, wagons, buggies, etc., City Market Building, corner Market and El Dorado Streets, San Jose, was born in Troy, Miami County, Ohio, in 1844. His parents were Daniel and Susan (Benson) Griswold. His mother having died in 184s, his father, in 1854, removed with the family to Peru, Indiana, where the subject of this sketch at- tended the Normal School. He then removed to Minnesota, where, in 1863, he enlisted in the Second Minnesota Cavalry, Company F. This regiment was sent, under Generals Sully and Sibley, to the north- west territories, and was engaged until 1865 in sub- duing the Sioux Indians. One engagement, the battle of Yellowstone, in August, 1864, lasted three days, being a running fight, in which the Indians lost heavily. There were about 3,000 Indians in that fight, after which they broke up into small bands and kept up the war until the fall of 1865, when they were pretty well subdued, the country being patrolled up to that time by small bodies of our troops. The volunteer troops were mustered out in the fall of 1865, the regular troops taking their places. The next five years Mr. Griswold devoted to farming, after which he engaged in the lumber business at Glencoe, having lumber yards at Stewart, Brownton, and Bird Island, Minnesota. This business he continued until 1881, when he removed to California, purchasing forty acres of the Quito Ranch, on the Los Gatos road, and set- ting it out to apricots and prunes. This place he sold in 1887, and purchased the beautiful ranch and home he now occupies, on the Stevens Creek road, two miles from San Jose, containing twenty-five acres. This is planted with 1,525 French prunes, 100 Oregon Silver prunes, 400 apricots, 140 apples, 50 cherries, a variety of trees for family use, and 2,500 Muscat and Rose of Peru grape-vines, the latter four years old, and in full bearing. The trees have been well cut back to make the limbs strong for bearing a full crop of fruit. In 1887 Mr. Griswold purchased the interest of A. S. Babcock, deceased, in the business of W. F. Babcock & Co., and in 1888 purchased the interest of his part- ner, and became sole owner. He was married, in 1866, to Miss Lucy Stocking, of Hutchinson, Minnesota, who died in 1872, leaving two children: Alta, now the wife of Louis W. Countryman, of Moorhead, Minnesota, and Edith, now attending the State Normal School at San Jose. In 1873 he was married to Miss Matilda J. Latta, of Roann, Indiana. They have one daughter, Orra, now attending school in San Jose. Mr. Griswold is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of San Jose; member of the Masonic order, and of John A. Dix Post, G.A.R., San Jose. He is a Republican, and believes in a tariff protection of American industries. 534 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." MSREDERICK NOLTING was b rn in the city G=®" of Hamburg, Germany, May 9, 18 18, and came ")■ to the United States in' 1842, landing in Balti- more, and has been all his life a seaman, making three trips around the world. He landed in San Francisco in 1849. He married Miss Rosanna Shea, in 1859. They have a family of two boys and three girls. The boys both work at the Mariposa Store, in San Jose. The girls were educated in the College of Notre Dame. Mr. Nolting and family are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Nolting owns a homestead of thirty acres on the White road, north of the McKee road, which he devotes to hay and grain culture, and which he has made his residence for twelve years. He was for nine years in the mines; is a cripple, from the caving in of a shaft on him. He is a member of the Pioneer Society of San Jose. >-<§^.^ Mil F. PHEGLEY, Supervisor of District No. i, (S/ Santa Clara County, is a native of New Madrid ^ County, Missouri, born November 7, 1838, his parents being David and Nancy Morgan (Yergin) Phegley. The former was a native of Indiana, and the latter of Kentucky. Both went to Missouri when young, and were there married. The subject of this sketch was educated at Arcadia Academy, in Iron County, Missouri. After leaving school he engaged in the milling business in Tennessee, and three years later returned to New Madrid County, where he farmed until 1870. He then came to California, and located at San Jose. Three months later he removed to Madrone, where he purchased a farm of 240 acres, which he worked successfully for seven years. He went to Gilroy in 1877, where he lived for six years, part of which time he was engaged in the grocery business, and part in farming. In 1883 he moved to Old Gilroy, where he now resides. He was married in Missouri to Miss Mary Catherine Hancock, a na- tive of New Madrid County, Missouri, but of Ken- tucky ancestry. They have five children, as follows: Stella, William, Annie, David, and Nora. Mr. Pheg- ley is a Democrat, politically. For several years he held the office of Constable, and at the election of November, 1886, he was chosen Supervisor of the Fir.st District of Santa Clara County. Mr. Phegley takes an active interest in public affairs, and is at present a member of the Democratic County Central Committee. He is regularly chosen as a delegate to the county conventions of his party. He is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F. at Gilroy, and of the American Legion of Ho'nor. Mr. Phegley has, besides his resi- dence at Old Gilroy, two stock ranches in the Canada de los Osos, and usually runs from 100 to 150 head of cattle. One of his ranches contains 900 acres, and the other 400. Both are watered by creeks and springs. IpAMES MONROE KIMBERLIN, seed-grower <§/■ of Santa Clara, was born in Botetourt County, T Virginia, on the James River, January 20, 1828. He is a son of Jacob and Harriet (Ritchie) Kimber- lin, both of English ancestry. They were strict Methodists, consistent Christians, and were pro- nounced in their views against human slavery. They both died of a fever at Eastport, Alabama, when the subject of this sketch was only eight years of age. After the death of his parents, he was first placed under the guardianship of his uncle, Barclay Dodd, and afterward under that of Samuel Gohlson, of Ala- bama. His parents' estate being mostly in slaves, himself and four sisters were supported by an income accruing from the slaves being hired out. His sisters are : Mrs. Araminta J. Bateman, wife of Dr. E. B. Bateman, of Stockton, California; Mrs. Isabella A. Taylor, wife of Rev. William Taylor, Bishop of Africa; Mrs. Caroline E. Bland, wife of Rev. Adam Bland, of the California Methodist Conference; and Mrs. Har- riet v., wife of V. M. Payton, of Stockton, California. The children imbibing the abolition principles of their parents, the slaves were all liberated in 1852 and sent to Liberia, Africa, Bishop Taylor bearing the expense of the transportation, costing $1,000. He sent them under the care of his father, Rev. Stewart Taylor, whichevent, subsequently, during the Rebellion, nearly cost him his life, as the act of transporting slaves to Liberia inflamed a sentiment against him among slave-holders. Mr. Kimberlin remained with his guardian, Samuel Gohlson, until his fifteenth year, when he returned to Botetourt County, Virginia, and up to that time he had been educated in the common schools. He then taught school and clerked in a store till 1848, when he entered Dickinson College, at Car- lisle, Pennsylvania, at which institution he graduated in 185 1. Before entering college, Mr. Kimberlin be- came converted to Christ, which was the most im- portant event of his life, and which changed his whole future course. BIOQRAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 535 January 8, 1851, he was married, at Carlisle, Penn- sylvania, to Miss Katie Elizabeth Reed, a daughter of Nathan Reed, Esq., of that place. In 1852 he, with his wife, came by the Isthmus of Panama to Califor- nia, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Missionary Board. Me came almost immediately to San Jose, and commenced teaching in the San Jose Academy, the first school established in San Jose, and then in charge of Mr. Bannister. The school was held in the old What Cheer House, southeast corner of San Fernando and Second Streets. Mr. Kimberlin taught here two terms, and was then transferred to a professorship in the University of the Pacific, at Santa Clara. Here he remained at a nominal salary for twelve years, trying to keep the struggling institution on its feet; and had it not been for the efforts of him- self, Doctor Gibbons, and Mr. Cleveland, this now prosperous and useful college would have been lost to the Conference. But for the income from a piece of ground which Mr. Kimberlin had purchased, he would have starved to death while trying to place the Uni- versity on a solid foundation. Finally he lost his health, and in 1875 was obliged to retire from the profession of teacher. He went into farming and fruit-growing in a small way, but did not make much of a success until he drifted into seed-growing. Com- mencing with but a small tract, he has increased his plantations from year to year until he now has 280 acres in seeds and eighty acres in bulbs. Mr. and Mrs. Kimberlin have had nine children, viz.: Imogene Taylor, married to J. J. Roadhouse, of Fresno County; Olin Bland, farmer in Fresno County; Virginia Peyton, residing in Fresno County; James Edwin, deceased; Ida Josephine, deceased; Charles Reed, in business with his father; Louis Melvin, at- tending commercial college; Herbert Vernon, in bus- iness with his father; and Mary Alice, attending the public schools of Santa Clara. ^OL. ANDREW J. JACKSON, deceased, was =^ born in New York city, in 1827. But little is (gH' known of his boyhood, excepting that when very young, fond of adventures and disliking parental restraint, he went to Florida, where, during the Semi- nole War, he was a message boy for army officers. When fourteen years of age he returned to New York city, where, when eighteen, he enlisted in the Second Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, and served during the Mexican War. In 1848 he came to California, by way of Panama, and spent about a year in the gold diggings, when, in the latter part of 1849, he came to Santa Clara County. March 20, 185 1, he was married, near Santa Clara, to Amanda Sentcr, a daughter of Judge Isaac and Rebecca (Mclntyre) Senter. After his marriage he was variously engaged until the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, when, being a firm Union man, he took an active part in keeping the State of Califor- nia loyal to the government, and became a captain in the State Militia. In 1863 he was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Regiment of Artillery, California Militia, by Governor Stanford; and in 1864 commissioned, by Governor Low, Colonel of the Fifth Regiment of Infantry Volunteer. Early in the war he was commissioned a Provost Marshal by Presi- dent Lincoln, with the rank of Captain, having his headquarters at San Francisco. He was a genial gentleman, and as an officer he performed his duties with promptness and ability, and with an honesty of purpose; and, if anything, leaned to the side of leniency when duty demanded a rigid and severe execution of the laws. He was honorably discharged October 15, 1865. On returning to civil life, he settled with his family on a ranch in the vicinity of Santa Clara, Jan- uary II, 1870. He was a Free Mason and a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 34, F. & A. M. Mrs. Jackson still survives him, and, although still owning the ranch, she is k. resident of Santa Clara. She had six children: Franklin, of Arizona; Mrs. Ada Lovell, wife of John Lovell, Santa Clara; New- ton S., of Santa Clara; Charles, a farmer of Santa Clara County; Clara, still with her mother; and Wil- ber, a law student. Mrs. Jackson and her children are members of the Episcopal Church at Santa Clara. ■■ ^ .%S|ATHAN L. ROSS, residing on the corner of SsSs Hamilton Avenue and the Meridian road, is X the owner of one of the most thrifty orchards in the Hamilton District. He commenced the im- provement of his sixteen acres, which at the time of his purchase were part of a grain field, in 1881. The leading products of his orchard are apricots, prunes, and peaches. The orchard is in full bearing, and the following estimate of a part of the crop of 1887 will give a fair idea of its condition. In that year, from 400 apricot trees (then five years old) were gathered seventeen tons of fruit, which was sold for $540. The residence was built in the autumn of 188 1. 536 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Mr. Ross was born in Lee County, Iowa, on the sixth of October, 1848. He is the son of John E. and Sarah (Page) Ross, who now Hve in Union Dis- trict, of this county. The family came to California from Lee County at quite an early day, in 1853. After a few months' residence in Sacramento, they removed to Redwood City, in the spring of 1854, and from that place changed their residence to this county in 1856. Nathan L. Ross married Miss Arabella Harmon, in this county, on the first of October, 1870. They have one child living, Ada. Another daughter. Hat- tie, died at the age of ten months. Mr. Ross was appointed by the Board of Supervis- ors, in 1885, as Roadmaster, and thus has charge of part of the roads in District No. 4. Politically he is an adherent of the Republican party. He is thoroughly identified with the agricultural and horticultural in- terests of the county, as he has been engaged in these occupations in this county ever since reaching man- hood. Experience has taught him his business thor- oughly, as his own fruit interests attest. ^HARLES E. WADE is one of the most pros- ^^ perous land owners of the county, his magnificent (0H= ranch of 395 acres lying in the Midway School District. It is about four miles north of San Jose, on the San Jose and Alviso road, and extending to Guadaloupe Creek. Forty acres are used for the cultivation of strawberries of the Sharpless and Long- worth varieties, blackberries, and raspberries. Thirty acres produce onion seed, and the remainder of this large farm is devoted to hay, grain, and stock, the latter including a dairy of twenty-five cows. Mr. Wade is also quite extensively engaged in raising common breeds of work horses. Three artesian wells are to be found on this place, one of which is worthy of special mention. It is 346 feet in depth, and has an eight-inch pipe, and the water will rise twelve feet above the surface, furnishing nearly 300,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. One of the others flows four inches over an eight-inch pipe. The subject of our sketch was born in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, in 1838. He is the son of Henry and Mary (Lynch) Wade. Henry Wade was born in England, in 1801, and came to the United States in 1835, taking up his residence in Tioga County. There the family made their home for nine years, removing in 1844 to Will County, Illinois, In 1849 they left Illinois for California. The party came by the Southern route, and spent over eleven months on the tedious journey. After a short stay in the mines, the father brought his family to Santa Clara County, where he engaged in farm work for about a year. He then took up his residence in Alviso, and engaged in the work of teaming. He spent many years in this vocation, leaving it only to retire from active business in 1865. He was granted many years of rest and quiet after an active, busy life. His death occurred in 1885. The youth of our subject, after twelve years of age, was spent in Alviso, where he received his education. After reaching an age suitable for the work of earning his living, he engaged in various pursuits, among them teaming and freighting. Since purchasing the farm which he now owns he has devoted his entire at- tention to its cultivation. Of his brothers and sisters who came to California, there are Henry G., living in Alviso; Richard A., married and living in San Jose; and Elmira, the wife of J. J. Ortley, now residing in Alviso. Mr. Wade was united in marriage, in 1863, with Miss Eslefana Alviso, the daughter of Domingo Alviso. They have had fourteen children, eleven of whom are now (1888) living. Their names are: Andrew Jackson, Daniel B., Stephen B., Augusta, William W., Mary, Charles L., Lottie, John A., Lizzie, and Walter A. D. Having lived in the county from his youth, Mr. Wade is widely known, and much respected by a large circle of acquaintances. His interests are most thor- oughly those of the section where he lives, and he is greatly interested in all that concerns the public wel- fare. In politics he is thoroughly a Republican. |MULIAN JOHNSON. Among those who figured <^ in Gilroy when it was a mere hamlet, is to be ^ found the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He is, however, a native of Sonora, Mexico, having been born at Oposura, in that State, May 6, 1838. His father, John Johnson, was a native of Kentucky, and came of one of the best-known fami- lies of that State. The Indian race never presented a firmer or stronger front in opposition to the en- croachments of civilization than in the pioneer days of Kentucky, and there the name of Johnson oc- cupied a place as conspicuous and honorable as that of Boone, Col, Richard M. Johnson, Vice-President i£ci^' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 537 of the United States, 1837-41, to whom history has accorded the fame of being the slayer of Tecumseh, was a member of the family. Coming of such stock, John Johnson could not be otherwise than the man of iron nerve and will his subsequent career proved him to be. When he was young his parents removed to Missouri, and there he lived until 1835, in which year he went to .Mexico, though then hardly past the age of boyhood. Finally, locating at Oposura, the ancient capital of the Opota Indians, he met and married a Spanish lady, Delfina Gutierrez, who was born in San Miguel, and educated at Oposura. He at once became a leader in the community, and his business as a trader grew to large proportions. The ravages of the Apache Indians, ever an important element in restraining the progress of that portion of Mexico, were then at their worst, and they were not only a constant source of menace to the trading trains of Mr. Johnson, on their way to and from the States, but were also the cause of great dread and consternation among the people during his absence. He decided to strike a blow at the Apaches which should be an. effectual check on their operations in that vicinity, and for this purpose set about forming an expedition ag.unst them, with seventeen American trappers and hunters in his employ as a nucleus. Starting out with this object in view, it became evident that his force would not be augmented, as all regarded the expedition as foolhardy in the ex- treme. Their progress was telegraphed from band to band of the Indians by means of signal fires on the hills, and on the afternoon of the third day out they were surrounded at the foot of the Sierra by a large party of warriors, under the leadership of the cele- brated Juan Jo.se, who demanded the reason of their presence there. Mr. Johnson gave the plausible ex- cuse that his party were on their way to the States, on account of the impending trouble between Texas and Mexico. He also a.sked for guides, promising at a given point to present the Indians with a part of the pack, consisting of trinkets, etc., on the next day. Before separating temporarily from the Indians, John- son noticed a Mexican girl among them, and learning that she was a captive he purchased her release. She soon repaid the favor by informing her deliverers that the Indians had a plan to massacre the entire party. The distribution of presents was to be al- lowed to take place on the fol lowing morning, and the guide then furnished was to lead the Americans into an ambush. Swift runners had been sept out to gather _a force of Indis-ps for this purpose. '^8 On learning of this, Johnson determined to meet cunning with cunning. He selected for the transfer of the presents a little valley, with an opening sur- rounded by a grove of oak timber and clusters of underbrush. Some large flat stones formed natural tables on which the trinkets were artfully displayed by the hunters. A howitzer, which had been packed on the back of a mule, was loaded with double charges of grape and canister, and carefully concealed in a clump of underbrush close at hand. Carefully cov- ered by the pack-saddles, blankets, etc., the. artillery- man in charge had carefully trained it upon the narrow place where the Indians must assemble to receive the presents. The little band of Americans were to be apparently carelessly distributed about the ground, but in reality each was to have his Kentucky rifle, carefully loaded, within reach, and every detail in readiness for a sudden fight. Juan Jose was promptly on hand with a large band, and some of his most renowned subalterns. The artilleryman partially uncovered his howitzer, and when the Indians became huddled together, he fired his piece. Almost simultaneously sixteen Kentucky rifles cracked, and a large proportion of the Indian band was almost in a twinklingliterally mowed away. Each rifleman had selected for his victim a chief or noted warrior, and after the first volley no one was left to lead the bewildered red men remaining, who immediately took to their heels, followed by volleys from the riflemen, who had so outwitted a party su- perior to them in number many times to one! This remarkable victory, with all its attendant circum- stances, made such an impression on the Apaches that their outrages in Johnson's region were thereafter effectually checked. John Johnson was an educated man, and by pro- fession a physician. He practiced for some time after going to Mexico. In 1849 he came to Gilroy with his son Richard, and in the following year his son Julian, whose name commences this article, and who was at that time a lad of but ten years, came to Gilroy also, with an uncle. He worked first as a farm boy, but at the age of fourteen he entered the store of Mr. Everett as a clerk, and while there studied at nights, thus obtaining his education. He followed the fortunes of this store long after the original pro- prietor had left it, and while there he filled the posi- tion of expressman, telegraph operator, and Post- master. In the spring of 1863 he went to Mexico to engage in mining, but in January, 1864, he returned to Gilroy, and re-entered the store of Wagenheim, 538 PEN PICILRES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Loupe, Levy & Co. With them he remained until September, 1865, when he returned to Mexico, and his interests there have so grown that they require his presence most of the time. In one ranch he has 100,000 acres. He has, however, chosen Gih'oy as a home for his family, and here, in 1874, he purchased a handsome residence property, which is kept up with a high regard for care and taste. His wife, to whom he was married September 24, 1862, was formerly Miss Mary H. Hinman, a native of Mannsville, Jefferson County, New York, and daughter of Joel and Eunice (Wheeler) Hinman. Her father died in 1849, but her mother, who survives, a lady of culture and refinement, is sprightly and active, and has her home with Mrs. Johnson. She has a number of times made the trip from New York to the Pacific, and return, and thoroughly enjoyed it. She is of an old New York family. Her uncle, David Wheeler, by whom she was raised after her father's death, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. Her grand- father also served in the patriotic army. Mr. and Mrs. Julian Johnson are the parents of five children, namely: Charles Hinman, William Hinman, Julian Manuel, Frances Eunice, and John Everett. P. STOCKTON, the proprietor of the Gravel Vineyards, resides on Brenham Lane, in Union District. He purchased the residence portion of his property, consisting of seventy-nine acres, in i860, and at once took possession of it. He paid $8.00 per acre for the land, it being in the state of nature known as " oak openings." Two years after his acquisition of the property, twelve acres had been prepared and planted with vines, and year by year the owner has added to the original setting, as his means would admit, without incurring indebtedness, until now (in 1888) the whole tract is comprised in a thrifty vineyard. In addition to this, Mr. Stockton bought, in 1882, an adjoining tract of 100 acres, it then being a grain-field. During tiiat year and the one following, thirty-five acres were set to vines. The leading varieties of grapes in the two tracts com- posing this large vineyard are the Matero, Grenache, Zinfandel, and Charbano, and the yield is the best proof of the excellent care given to the industry. In 1887 these vines furnished 300 tons of grapes. Dur- ing the present year, twenty acres of the last purchase were set with prune-trees, and the remainder of the tract has been devoted to the raising of hay and grain for the use of the ranch. Mr. Stockton was born in Lawrence County, Ala- bama, July 16, 1829. His mother died when he was young, and he early left the old home. He drifted westward to Mississippi, and later made his home in Tennessee and Arkansas, living in the latter State in 1850. In 1852 he became a resident of this State, first locating in Santa Cruz. Thence he went, in 1854, to Monterey, where he went to farming on his own account, pre-empting 160 acres of land. He re- mained there but a short time, entering the mines in Mariposa County in the following year. Later, Mr. Stockton, in partnership with P. O. McFadden, became engaged in stock-raising in San Luis Obispo County. He retained his interest in this business for several years, but after 1859 left it in charge of his partner. As before stated, in i860 he commenced building up his present large interests. His success as a viticult- urist is assured by an experience of twenty-eight years, as well as by the careful attention which he gives to all the details of his work. As would nat- urally be expected, he is greatly interested in the Santa Clara Viticultural Society. In 1869 Mr. Stockton was united in marriage with Miss Susie Welch, formerly from Missouri, but a resi- dent of this State since 1852. Three children have blessed this union: Paul, Frankie, and Herbert. In his political views Mr. Stockton sympathizes with the principles of the Democratic party. -^^ ,EORGE A.FLEMING COMPANY, fruit-driers and dealers in dried fruit. At the Willows, in 1877, George A. Flvming commenced, in an ex- perimental way, the drying of fruit. The dis- couragements of the first years were many; much had to be learned, the people being slow to believe that the American prune or apricot could equal imported fruit. In fact, the often unsatisfactory condition of the first fruits sent from this State to the Eastern markets did much to confirm the prevalent prejudice against all Am rican dried fruits. There were those who believed that patience and care could remedy all existing deficiencies, and in time create a demand for California fruits that would make their production a source of great profit, and build up an industry that would employ thousands, and bring wealth to Santa Clara Valley. Among these was George A. Fleming. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 539 Holding steadily to that faith, he gained each year in experimental knowledge. With the increased pro- duction, his business steadily increased, until it has grown to its present magnificent proportions. Associated with him is his brother, Charles F. Flem- ing. Their interests becoming too large for personal supervision, the George A. Fleming Company was or- ganized, under the State laws of Illinois, in Decem- ber, 1887, with a capital stock of $250,000. Of this stock the Flemings own three-fourths. The incor- porators are as follows: George A. Fleming, President; Charles F. Fleming, Treasurer and Vice-President; Thomas Cadwallader, of Chicago, Secretary; and R. D. Shaw and George T. McLaughlin, of San Jose. The last-named gentlemen had been in the employ of the Flemings several years, and are now the superin- tendents of the two drying establishments, one at the Willows, and the other at Campbell Station. The latter establishment was erected in 1887. The com- pany own, at Rock Island, Illinois, their own dis- tributing depot, handling all of their own goods. There sixty hands are employed, under the superin- tendence of Charles F. Fleming. The business office of the company is in Chicago, under the charge of Mr. Cadwallader, the secretary of the corporation. The management of the driers, and the purchase of stock, are under the superintendence of George A. Fleming, who resides at the Willows. During the active drying season of 1887, about 700 employes composed the force, and 1,800 tons of apricots (green fruit), and over 2,500 tons of other fruit were handled. The company deal largely in fruits cured by others. They shipped, of the crop of 1887, about 120 car loads of dried fruit, about two-thirds of which was cured by themselves. Their Black Diamond brand, and Fleming's raisin-cured prunes, are favorites in the market. ffiHOMAS JEFFERSON MAXEY. Among the (^ fine farms in the Berryessa District is that of Mr. T Maxey. He is the owner of 123 acres, bounded on the north by the Maxey and Abies road, on the east by the Rice and Randall road. Excepting a small orchard, this land is devoted to the produc- tion of hay and grain and stock-raising; of the latter Mr. Maxey has some splendid specimens of Nor- man horses, of which he is justly proud. Among the horses is his stalhon "Prince." He also owns 160 acres of land located about two and one-half miles north. and near the summit, of Mount Hamilton. This land is used for stock purposes. The subject of this sketch is the son of Robert and Ridley Ann (Nixon) Maxey, and dates his birth in Buckingham County, Virginia, October 8, 1828. His parents were natives of Vir- ginia. In 1 83 1 his father moved to Cumberland County, Kentucky, and in 1838 moved to Knox County, Illinois. His father was a farmer, to which occupation Mr. Maxey was reared. His education was limited, and only such as was afforded by the frontier schools. He remained on his father's farm until 1852, in which year he started overland with ox teams for California. The Indians were somewhat troublesome that year, but the train proceeded safely, and was only stopped once. They were surrounded by the Indians, who became very demonstrative in tiieir actions. The emigrant force was sniall, and Mr. Maxey volunteered to ride back on the trail and seek a relief force from other trains. It was a hazardous undertaking, but, mounted upon a fleet horse, he burst through the cordon of the Indians, and, before they had fairly recovered from their surprise at his dar- ing, he was beyond their reach and dashing along the trail. The Indians knew too well what this movement meant, and soon after moved off and left the train to proceed on its way. Mr. Maxey arrived at Stockton in September, and worked at brick-making for about two months. He then came to Santa Clara County, and for nearly three years was engaged in various pur- suits. He worked for Dr. Jones, near Evergreen, and helped to build the first house ever erected in that section. He also worked for Edward Doty for nearly two years at farm labor. In the fall of 1855 he rented 250 acres of land from Mrs. White, which he devoted to raising grain. In 1856 Mr. Maxey married Miss Theresa J. Ogan, daughter of James S. and Elizabeth B. (Harris) Ogan, residents of Santa Clara County. (Mrs. Ogan's father and mother were natives of Kentucky and Missouri respectively.) Mr. Maxey continued his work upon this and other rented farms until 1858, when he pur- chased his present residence and farm. He at once began its cultivation and improvement, which he has so successfully accomplished. He purchased his hill farm in 1882. Mr. Maxey is a member of the A. O. U. W. He is well-known throughout the section in which he resides — a man industrious, energetic, and of progressive views. His success in life is due more to these qualities than to any advantages he received from education in early life. Mr. and Mrs. Maxey have three children, viz.: Alice J., Clayborn, and 540 PEN PICTURES PROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.'' Millie F. In addition they have an adopted son, Frank Maxey, the son of W. H. and Margaret J. (Cockburn) McKillip. Frank Maxey married Ella J . HoUister, daughter of Page HoUister, of San Jose. They are residing near HoUister, San Benito County. Alexander KAMMERER is a native of ='iP Santa Clara County, born in San Jose Town- ship, August 12, 1 86 1. He is the son of Peter and Marian (Hoffman) Kammerer. His father was a native of Germany, who emigrated to the United States, and came to California in 1851. After engag- ing in mining and other occupations, in different parts of the State, he located in Santa Clara County in 1855. Soon after his arrival he took up his residence upon 200 acres of land situated on what is now the King road, in the Jackson School District, about two and one-half miles east of the business center of San Jose. Here he commenced the cultivation and im- provement of the place, which he continued until his death, which occurred in 1865. The death of Mrs. Kammerer occurred the year before. The subject of this sketch was thus left an orphan at the age of four years. He was then taken into the family of his guardian, J. D. White, whose farm adjoined that of his father's, and was there reared and schooled, re- ceiving the same care and attention that were given to members of Mr. White's family. He was given the advantages of an education in the excellent public schools of San Jose, and is also a graduate of the Gar- den City Commercial College. At the same time he was reared to farm life. At the age of twenty-one years Mr. Kammerer came into possession of one-half of the old homestead before mentioned, since which time he has successfully cultivated and improved the same. This land is rich and productive. Mr. Kammerer has not as yet extended his fruit cultivation beyond a family orchard, but devotes his land to hay, grain, and stock. In the latter line he is breeding horses from "Percheron" and "Nutwood" strains, and has reason to be proud of his succsss in this enterprise. A fine artesian well furnishes all the water required for stock and domestic use, the surplus being used for irrigation. Mr. Kammerer is a strong Republican in politics. He is a firm believer in the future prosperity and growth of the section in which he resides, and takes a deep interest in all public improvements tending to advance the welfare of the county. He was united in marriage, October 17, 1883, with Miss May Catherine Holland, daughter of Simeon and Hannah (Broadbent) Holland, natives of En- gland, but residents of Santa Clara County. They have had three children, viz.: Urban A., Lester Oakley, and Marian Hannah. Mr. Kammerer has one sister liv- ing, Lena, who married George C. Hunt, and now re- sides in Oakland, Alameda County. ^•^€ IpREDERICK THEUERKAUF is one of the G^^ earliest settlers of Santa Clara County, having T come to this beautiful valley in 1852, in which year he bought a claim of 160 acres, on the Quito Ranch, seven miles west of San Jose. He made great improvements on his real estate, erecting a fine residence and planting a good orchard and vineyard. In 1875 he sold the property to Peter Hillebrant, for ^30,000. It is now known as the " Evergreen Avenue Farm." During the three years following the sale of his ranch, Mr. Theuerkauf lived in East San Jose. He then purchased 180 acres of improved land, and sold 100 acres of it, reserving the remainder for his fine home residence. It is located in the Willow District, between Plummer Avenue and the Almaden road, three miles from the city limits of San Jose. Mr. Theuerkauf also owns a ranch of 254 acres, among the hills, six miles southeast of the city. This he . devotes to grain-raising, pasturing and fruit-growing, making the production of grain a specialty. Mr. Theuerkauf was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, January 29, 1822. He is the son of Matthias and Catharine Theuerkauf. In 1837 the parents, with their children, came to America. Land- ing at New Orleans, they proceeded directly to Cin- cinnati, Ohio. There Frederick, the subject of this sketch, on the twenty-ninth of September, 1845, mar- ried Miss Catharine Weyh, who was born in Baden, Bavaria, July 29, 1824. Their two children were born in Cincinnati. Caroline, the elder, is now the wife of George W. Henning, who has charge of the hill farm, spoken of above, owned by Mrs. Henning's father. George W., the younger, is a farmer in Monterey, of this State. Mr. Theuerkauf's father died at New Orleans, in 1844, at the age of fifty-five years, and his mother, in Santa Clara County, in 1863, at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. and Mrs. Theuerkauf and their children are members of the Methodist HIOORAPHIGAL SKETCHES. 541 Church. Mr. Theuerkauf has been a Republican ever since the candidacy of John C. Fremont. Mr. Theuerkauf commenced life in poor circum- stances, paying but $300 for 160 acres, which, as stated above, he sold for $30,000. He is a man of means, which he has accumulated by the pursuit of his life work, agriculture. He may justly look with pride on his beautiful home, surrounded by its fine grove, and approached by gravel walks, lined with flowers. The home shows taste and love of order, and gives ample evidence of the care bestowed upon it by himself and his wife. Mr. Theuerkauf prizes knowledge, and therefore his children have been well educated. |§ATTHEW TANTAU, decea.sed. The subject of this sketch was born in North Germany in &Y 181 5. Of his youthful days no more is known than that at fifteen years of age he became a sailor boy, and that he followed the seas until he reached manhood. After leaving the ocean life, he wedded Miss Catharine Theuerkauf, a sister of Frederick Theuerkauf, at Cincinnati, Ohio, where their eldest child, Mary, was born. She is now the wife of Charles Silent, an attorney at law, residing at Los Angeles. Later, Mr. Tantau made his home in New Orleans, and there his two sons, George F., now a business man of San Francisco, and Frederick, were born. Later still, Mr. Tantau again became a resi- dent of Cincinnati, where he engaged in different oc- cupations, making in each steady progress toward a competence. At one time he was engaged in grocery trade in that city. During the time that he lived there his son August was born. Mr. Tantau, finding that his health was giving way, by the advice of physicians concluded to come to California. In company with Frederick Theuer- kauf, an old friend and a neighbor both in New Orleans and Cincinnati, he came to this valley by the Isthmus route, in 1852. On the west bank of Campbell's Creek, on what is now the Bollinger road, in the Doyle District, they bought, out of a Spanish grant, 200 acres of land. Mrs. Tantau and the children, coming by the same route, joined the family in 1853. In company with Mr. Theuerkauf, the subject of our sketch worked the property until 1862, at which time they owned about 500 acres. Mr. Tantau's family residence, on the Bollinger road, a little west of the crossing of Campbell's Creek, was established in 1858, and four years later his partnership with Mr. Theuerkauf was dissolved, and their interests divided. Mr. Tantau, who had come to the valley with a good working cash capital for those years, by industry and economy added to his estate, until at his death his real and personal property amounted to $65,000. His youngest children, Emma and Flora, were born in this county. The former is now the wife of John Plauer, of San Jose. Mr. Tantau was possessed of a vigorous vitality and a strong intellect. He helped many a poor worthy man, but never gave assistance to the un- worthy. His last years were filled with suffering, which was born with-„Christian fortitude. His useful and honorable life was closed in April, 1 881, his widow surviving until July 25, 1886. The. lives of both Mr. and Mrs. Tantau exemplified the religion which they professed. IgREDERICK W. TANTAU is the son of Mat- ^^ thew and Catharine Tantau. He dates his birth ^ in New Orleans, April 23, 1849. He was a child of four years when his parents crossed the plains and established their residence in the immediate neighbor- hood of the place where he now lives. The property which he now owns and occupies, consisting of 246 acres, comprises a portion of his father's estate, and includes the old family homestead, which was estab- lished in 1858. It is situated in the Doyle District, on the Bollinger road, west of Campbell's Creek. His education was that received in the district school, sup- plemented by an attendance of two 3'ears at the University of' the Pacific. In October, 1877, he married Miss Josephine Miller, the daughter of Fred Miller, of San Francisco. Their first-bftrn, Freddie, died in 1881, in his third year. They have two daughters, Evelyn and Minnie. Both Mr. and Mrs. Tantau are members of the German American Church. Mr. Tantau has grown up with Santa Clara County, and has kept pace with the steady, onward march of progress which has carried the county for- ward to the front. He is thoroughly identified with all the interests of his community and neighborhood, and rejoices in the fulfillment of every enterprise which tends to advance the prosperity of the county. He is a Republican, as was his father, but has strong Prohibitionist tendencies. 542 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." lllLLIAM SUTHERLAND resides on the Sara- toga and Alviso road, about two miles north of '^^ Lawrence, in the Braley School Distrcict. His farm contains eighty acres of choice land, and with the exception of a small portion reserved for or- chard culture, it is used exclusively for the production of hay and grain, and the raising of stock. A plenti- ful supply of water is furnished by two fine artesian wells, one being 300 feet in depth and flowing five inches over a seven-inch pipe, and the other 425 feet in depth and flowing two and one-half inches over a seven-inch pipe. The subject of our sketch was born in Durham County, England, in 1821. He is the son of James and Jane (Richerson) Sutherland, his father being a native of Scotland, and his mother of England. His father was a gardener, but William was brought up as a collier, being put to work in the coal mines when but ten years of age. Naturally his opportunities for gaining an education were extremely limited, and the fulfillment of the plans which he has made in his life- work has been due to his natural ability and persever- ance. Mr. Sutherland was united in marriage, in 1844, with Miss Ann Dawson, the daughter of Robert Dawson, a resident of his native county. Five years after his marriage, he came with his family to the United States, with the hope of bettering his fortunes in this land of promise. Landing at New Orleans, he proceeded directly to St. Louis. Several months were spent in the coal mines of Missouri and Illinois, and in 1850 he crossed the plains to this State. On his arrival he went into the mmes in Placer County, but left them in 185 1, to start out in a new venture, — that of agriculture. He purchased a farm in Sacra- mento County, and conducted it for five years. He then removed to Fresno County, and, settling upon Kings River, spent the next three years in stocjc- raising. From Fresno County he removed to his pres- ent home in 1868. Two years later he crossed the ocean to visit his old English home, but returned to the new home in this lovely valley well content. Mr. Suth- erland is a member of the Southern Methodist Church, and his daily walk is such as has gained for him the respect and confidence of his neighbors and associates. Politically he is a Democrat, with liberal views. Of the ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Suther- land, but three are living, viz.: James, who married Miss Eliza Esrey, of Fresno County, and is now a resident of Santa Clara County; Elizabeth, who be- came the wife of Elbert C. Appcrson, of Santa Clara County, where they now reside; and Clara, who makes her home with her parents. -^^##^- iroll |ARLAN TILLOTSON resides on the Berryessa and Milpitas road, in the Berryessa District, about six miles north of San Jose, and one and one-half south of Milpitas; there he owns thirty- seven acres of an original tract of eighty-eight acres. His land is highly cultivated, twenty-four acres being in orchard, the products of which are peaches, prunes, apricots, and pears. Six acres raise corn and pota- toes, and the rest of the farm produces hay. The or- chard proves a profitable investment, the crop of 1887 yielding over $200 per acre. Mr. Tillotson dates his birth in Sandusky, Ohio, December 21, 1827. He is the son of Jeremiah and Mary (Miller) Tillotson, natives of New York. His parents removed from Ohio to Branch County, Michi- gan, in 1829, and thence in 1834 to Fremont, Steuben County, Indiana. In these frontier settlements, the father was engaged in agriculture, and to that indus- try Mr. Tillotson was early trained. Naturally, in such new sections, his educational facilities were limited. He remained with his parents until twenty- two years of age, when he married and established himself as a farmer near his old home. His wife was formerly Miss Emmeiine Fessenden, the daughter of Jonathan Fessenden, a native of Maine and a resident of Indiana. In 1852 he followed in the trail of the thousands who had crossed the plains to California, and located in Yuba County, where he engaged in mining. He afterwards took up the occupation of a packer, giving it up in the fall of 1853, when he opened a hotel at Cantonville, Yuba County. After spending two years in the hotel, he followed teaming for a few months, and then bought a mine, in the working of which he spent a year or more. In 1857 he went to Sutter County, and there engaged in grain farming, with profitable results, for eleven years. When he left Sutter County, in 1868, it was to purchase the property where he now lives. The subject of our sketch is possessed of the indus- try, sound common sense, and acquired business talents which are necessary to win success in any employ- ment. He is a strong Republican, and has been called upon by his fellow-citizens, as a sure token of their confidence, to fill public offices of trust. In 1867 he was elected as County Assessor of Sutter County, and BIOOBAPIIIGAL SKETCHES. 543 in 1884 as one of the Supervisors of Santa Clara County. He has also served as School Trustee. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Of the six children born to Mr. and Mrs. Tillotson, but three are now livinp^, vi/.: Sarah Jane, the wife of A. M. Ogan, of San Jose; Alvin H., who married Catharine Mahoney, a native of Michigan and a resi- dent of San Jose; and Nettie, who resides with her parents. ^ICHFOKD A. THOMAS is quite largely inter- -^ ested in horticulture, producing, on his twenty ^\^ acres of fruit land, apricots, peaches, prunes, and cherries. His land is located, ten acres on the east, and ten acres on the west, of Hicks Avenue, with his residence on the west half Mr. Thomas bought the residence portion, in 1877, for $225 per acre. It was then covered with willows, and had on it nine large sycamore trees, but, under Mr. Thomas' care, was soon converted into an orchard. In 1882, for the tract east of the avenue, which was then part of a barley field, he paid $333 per acre. Here he started a nursery, and in two years' time he realized from it $1,000 more than he had paid for that portion of the land. It is now a full-bearing orchard. Mr. Thomas was born in Belmont County, Ohio, January 17, 1831. He is the son of Camm and Rachel CBarnes) Thomas. His father is deceased, but his mother still survives and lives at the old homestead with her son, Capt. A. C. Thomas. Mr. Thomas came to California in 1854, and for about twelve years followed mining in Placer County. He had married, in Ohio, during the year preceding his removal to California, Miss Ann Jane Brock. She joined him in this State in 1855, but lived to enjoy her new home but two years. She left one son. Jay, now a resident of Ohio. Mr. Thomas returned to Ohio in 1861, and on the twenty-seventh of June of that year married Miss Eliza Cator. He returned immediately with his wife to California. In 1866 he left the mines and engaged in farming in Napa Valley for two years. Selling this farm, he bought another near Sacramento City, where he lived for two years. Then selling again, he re- turned to the mines, where he remained for about two years, when he again engaged in farming in the upper part of Napa Valley. In 1873 he returned to Ohio, but after a residence of so many years in the mild climate of the Golden State, he found that the win- ters were too severe for his health, and he again re- turned to California, and made his permanent home at the Willows. Mr. Thomas, by his second wife, has five children: Judge D., now in the mines in Placer County ; Edward E., a teacher in this county; Ida M., also a teacher; Laura L., now attending Normal School, preparatory to teaching; and Nettie, the youngest. Mr. Thomas is a strong Republican, fully in sym- pathy with its principles. After spending much of his life in California, in various occupations, Mr. Thomas is satisfied with his pleasant home, with its thrifty or- chards and pleasing surroundings in the lovely Santa Clara Valley. pMILLIAM SCOTT, deceased, was born in Ayr- Sws shire, Kilmarnock County, Scotland, in 1824. ' a) He was the son of William and Martha (David- son) Scott, both of whom were natives of Scotland, and residents of the place of his birth. His early youth was spent in attendance upon the common schools of his native place, but when fifteen years of age he went to sea, and many succeeding years were passed in following a seafaring life as a profession. In 1853 he came to California, where he found his brother, Captain James Scott. Soon after his arrival in San Francisco, he accompanied his brother to the mines, and successfully followed the occupation of a miner for a year or more. Upon giving up that work, in 1854, he came to Santa Clara County, and acquired the property which he afterwards made his home, and upon which his widow and family now reside. The estate comprises eighty acres, located on the south- west corner of Scott Lane and the Kifer road, in the Jefferson School District, about one and a half miles west from the business center of Santa Clara. At the time of Mr. Scott's purchase of this tract, it was in a wild and uncultivated state, but with characteristic energy he immediately went to work to cultivate and improve it. Sixteen busy years he spent in this work, his active, useful life being ended September 13, 1870. His death left the care of the farm and the rearing of their children to his wife, formerly Miss Mary Brady, the daughter of Bartel Brady, a native of Longford County, Ireland, who came to California in 1853, and who, at the time of his daughter's marriage to Mr. Scott, in 1859, was a resident of San Francisco. Five children blessed this marriage, viz.: Kate, born March 27, i860; William Walter, November 1,1861; 544 PEN PICTURES FROM THE ''GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Elizabeth J., May 6, 1864; Ann, January 29, 1866; and John Joseph, April 29, 1870. Mrs. Scott, ably assisted by her sons and daughters, has been most successful in carrying on the work to which her husband devoted so many years of his life, and has brought the land to its present productive state. Twelve acres are utilized in the production of strawberries of the Longworth and Seth Boyden va- rieties. The remainder of the farm, with the excep- tion of such orchard land as is required for the grow- ing of trees to furnish fruit for family use, is devoted to hay and grain fields, and to stock. Artesian wells furnish plenty of water for irrigation, stock, and do- mestic purposes. :OHN JOHNSTON, deceased. The subject of / this sketch was one of the pioneers of California, 'W who was led here by the gold emigration of 1849. He was born in Chester County, Penns3'lvania, July 9, 1805. Although reared to a farm life, he acquired the trade of stone mason. He left the State of Penn- sylvania soon after reaching manhood, and worked at his trade in Baltimore, Maryland, and later in Ohio. Thence he went to Arkansas, becoming a farmer and cotton grower, and also a slave owner. Leaving his property in Arkansas in charge of Bob Johnston, his trusty slave, Mr. Johnston came to this State. After spending two years in mining, he came to Santa Clara Valley, and bought 240 acres on the Alviso road, two and one-half miles north of San Jose. A few years later he sold 140 acres to J. O. A. Ballou, who still owns the property. The remaining 100 acres Mr. Johnston improved, and later became associated in its ownership with W. W. Cowan and Thomas Scott. The property is now (1888) in the possession of Dr. M. M. Chipman, of San Francisco. After settling upon his land, Mr Johnston sent to Arkansas for his slave. Bob, and his family. Not long afterward he freed him and his family, and they now live at WatsonviUe, the former slave having be- come quite well off. Mr. Johnston's sister, Mrs. Margaret Scott, joined him in this county about 1871. She now has her home with Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Cowan. Mr. Johnston never married. His death occurred April 18, 1884. He was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, and one of the founders of the first church of that denomination in San Jose. ^MILLIAM W. COWAN, residing on the John- <^ resides on Cypress Avenue, between the Stevens ^ Creek road and the Williams road, four miles west of San Jose. Mr. Wert was born in In- dianapolis, Indiana, in 1846, and is the son of Joseph and Rebecca Wert, both of whom are now deceased. He received his education in the schools of the city of his birth. Near the close of the Civil War he en- listed in Company G, iS4th Indiana Volunteer In- fantry, and served for six months in the Army of the Shenandoah. The subject of our sketch was trained to the indus- tries of the city, first learning the tinner's trade. This occupation he followed for several years, later becoming a carpenter. That trade he also plied until after he came to this county from Indianapolis, in 1880, having had, before that time, no experience either in agriculture or horticulture. The three years suc- ceeding his arrival in this county were spent in San Jose. He then bought, in 1883, ten acres of land on the Stevens Creek road, in the Meridian District, three and a half miles west of San Jose. There he planted a general variety of fruit-trees, French prunes leading. This model little orchard also contained apricots, peaches, cherries, Bartlett pears, figs, apples, almonds, and English walnuts. In learning this new business, he availed himself not only of theories but also of the experience of successful horticulturists. That he was successful, is shown by his sale of the orchard in January, 1888, at $850 per acre. Not intending to abandon the business, Mr. Wert soon afterward bought eighteen acres, which he will devote mainly to the culture of French prunes and apricots. In 1887 he dried about seventy-one tons of green fruit, and his success in producing a superior line of goods shows his skill in handling, and has encouraged him to make fruit-drying a specialty. His preparations for the crop of this season, and of coming seasons, are care- fully made. Five acres of land he has reserved for fruit-drying purposes, and, having a Waliss drier, and 1,000 sun-trays, he is fully equipped, and will com- pete actively for a share of future crops. Mr. Wert is a member of the Order of Chosen BIOQRAPHIGAL SKETCHES. 551 Friends, and also, as becomes an old soldier, of the Phil. Sheridan Post, G. A. R. Politically he is thor- oughly identified with the Republican party. In April, i87i,in Cincinnati, Ohio, he married Miss Mattie Hayes, who was reared in Indianapolis, and whose father, E. S. Hayes, lives in Minneapolis, Min- nesota. Mr. and Mrs. Wert have three daughters; Clara, Georgie, and Julia Blanche. fOSEPH GOULD NORWOOD. Among the earliest settlers of Santa Clara County must be ^ mentioned the subject of this sketch, he having taken up, as a claim, the tract upon which he now lives, at the early date of 1849, and making it his home two years later. The farm is situated in the Braley District, about three and a half miles west of Santa Clara, on the Saratoga and Alviso roads. It contains eighty acres of highly cultivated land, de- voted chiefly to the production of hay and grain, such stock being raised as is needed for carrying on farm operations. Among the noticeable features of this property is a handsome group of large oak trees that surround the house, one of which is said to be the largest in the county. Mr. Norwood dates his birth in Portland, Maine, January 17, 1807. His parents, Joshua and Lydia (Gould) Norwood, were natives of Maine. The family were greatly bereaved by the loss of the father in 1 8 16, he being drowned at sea. The mother spent the remainder of her life in her old Portland home, her death occurring in that city in 1833. The early youth of the subject of our sketch was spent in school, but at the age of fifteen years he commenced an apprenticeship of six years in the cabinet-making trade. After the conclusion of his apprenticeship, he spent the next two years working at his trade and at piano-forte making in Portland and Boston. But he was not content to be a mere wage earner, and in 1830 started out in business for himself, establishing a piano-forte manufactory in Portland. He after- wards removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where he established similar works, which he con- ducted for three years. Upon selling his business, he went to work for Chickering, of Boston, remaining there until 1849, when the failure of his health deter- mined him to seek a complete change of climate and scene. The great tide of travel was turned toward California, and Mr. Norwood made the overland trip. The route cho3en was known as the Southern trail, Besides the usual dangers incident to overland travel, the party met with a very sad experience, two of their number, a Mr. Spaulding, of New York, and a Mr. Kingsley, of Charlestown, Massaschusetts, being killed by Indians on the Colorado River. Mr. Norwood reached California in September, 1849, and spent the two years previous to becoming a resident of this county, in San Francisco, engaged in cabinet-making and later in carpenter work. While working at the former trade, he received at one time as much as $16 per day. As before stated, he made this county his home in 185 1, and has since been a useful and honored citizen of it. His family joined him two years later. He had married, in his native State, Miss Elizabeth Prior, daughter of Matthew Prior, a sea captain of Bath, Maine. From this marriage four children were born, two dying in youth. George J., born in 1836, now lives with his father on the old homestead. Sarah Elizabeth, born in 1839, married James Houston, and is a resident of Fresno County; Long residence has enabled Mr. Norwood to wit- ness and to aid in the remarkable development of the county. His integrity of character has won from all the respect due the useful member of society. He retains his physical strength to a great degree, and, although over eighty years of age, is still able to as- sist his son in the farm work. --^H->H>K-^-^- ■AMUEL Q. BROUGHTON, one of the brave men who braved the perils of an overland jour- ney to California, when it was yet a Mexican Province, resides on the Alviso road, three miles north of San Jose, on the site of the home which he established in the pioneer days of 1850. Mr. Brough- ton dates his birth in Bourbon County, Kentucky, February 7, 1824. He is the son of Job and Eliza- beth (Cartwright) Broughton, the former of whom, of English extraction, was reared in Virginia, and the latter in Kentucky. In 1830 the family removed to Callaway County, Missouri, and there, when the sub- ject of our sketch was but ten years of age, his par- ents died. He was taken into the home of the late Isaac Branham, and was by him taken care of, as by a father. He left that home when eighteen years of age, to engage in lead-mining in Southwestern Wis- consin, and that vocation he followed for about three years. Hearing from Mr. Branham that he intended to go to California, he returned to Missouri to bid 552 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." him and his family good-by. Upon being invited to join them, he could not resist the incUnation to avail himself of so good an opportunity for entirely new experiences. Early in April, 1846, the party com- menced the long journey, ex-Governor Boggs being a member. At fir.st the train was composed of several parties, but gradually it disintegrated, on account of the overcrowding of the camping and grazing grounds. During the early portion of the journey, the doomed Donner party were in the train. No untoward event delayed the emigrants, and Mr. Branhamand his family, of which Mr. Broughton was a member, in good health and good spirits, reached Sutter's Fort in October, 1846, thus enrolling their names among those of Cal- ifornia's earliest American settlers. After a brief rest, they proceeded directly to Santa Clara Valley, and spent the winter following at the Mission of Santa Clara. (The reader is referred to the biography of Isaac Branham for further particulars in this connec- tion.) The country was in the tumult of war, and Mr. Broughton entered heart and soul into the work of wresting the land of flowers from Mexican domina tion. He enlisted at Monterey, and the command, numbering 400, marched to Los Angeles. Two or three skirmishes, but no general engagement, occurred on the route. In March, 1847, Mr. Broughton was one of a detail of sixteen men, under Wm. H. Ru sell, to carry dispatches to Washington. They passed over the Southern trail, by way of Santa Fe, to Independ- ence, Missouri, thence to Boone Count)', of the same State. There the party wintered and cared for their stock, Mr. Broughton spending most of the winter among his relatives and friends in Callaway County. The detail returned under the command of Major Hensley, in the season of 1848, by the Northern route to Fort Sutter, where Mr. Broughton received an honorable discharge from further duty. He then engaged in placer mining in mines that had been discovered only that year (1848). The following winter he spent in San Jose, returning early in the spring to the mines. At the present site of Sonora, he struck the first tent that had ever been raised there. This season of mining proved a profitable one, but, upon his return to Santa Clara Valley, he determined to become an agriculturist, and accordingly, in the fol- lowing year (1850), purchased the homestead where he has ever since lived. In December, 1852, Mr. Broughton returned by the Isthmus route to Missouri, and in the spring following, in company with John Trimble, made his third overland journey to this State. They drove 300 head of cattle, and were fortunate enough to sustain no unusual loss of stock. On the twenty-second of July, 1856, Mr. Broughton married Miss Mary Ann Stewart, who was born and reared in the State of New York, and who came to this State during the year of her marriage. This union was severed only a short time since, Mrs. Broughton's death occurring February 4, 1888, at the age of sixty- six years. She was the mother of two children: Samuel Stewart and Mary Elizabeth, both of whom are yet under the parental roof. The family homestead is surrounded by grounds shaded by trees which were planted by Mr. Brough- ton's own hands. The homestead contains seventy acres of choice land under a high state of cultivation, and devoted to the culture of orchard, small-fiuits, and vegetables. Three artesian wells furnish an abundance of water for irrigation. As one of the earliest settlers of the State, Mr. Broughton has had a rich experience, and one from which he may draw much pleasure and profit for others as well as for himself All the work of his manhood has been done in this State — by far the larger part in this county — and thus his interests are entirely those of the community in which he has so long made his home. As is most fitting, he is a member of the California Pioneer Association. In politics Mr. Broughton is identified with the Democratic party. bANNIBAL PULLAN, residing on the Williams iw' River road, one-half mile west of the Santa Clara and Los Gatos road, bought his property in 1876, paying $100 per acre for 120 acres, and later buying sixty acres of adjoining land. He dates his birth in Breckenridge County, Kentucky, February 8, 1826. He is the son of Abraham and Cynthia Pullan, who emigrated to St. Francis County, Mis- souri, in 1843. There the father died, and there the mother is yet living, at the advanced age of ninety years. The subject of this sketch followed agricultural pursuits until the gold excitement of 1849 determined him to visit this State. With his brother, William, he left home in March, 1849, and with ox teams started on the overland trip to California. Their journey was attended by even more than the usual amount of hardship and privation, for, being misled by reports of a newer and sho,rter tr^il, many days and many miles were lost after tb.ey reached Hum- ^ fti* ll ■ - PI ^ /^Zyta-^f^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 553 boldt River. However, they reached in safety the Feather River mining district, October 27. There Mr. Piillan and his brother engaged in mining, and soon made a goodly fortune, only to lose it shortly after in attempting to develop new and richer mines elsewhere. In the autumn of 1852, Mr. PuUan abandoned placer mining, and commenced farming in Napa County, where, on the sixteenth of September, 1853, he married Miss Mary Bollinger, whose father, Christian Bollinger, now lives in Santa Clara, and whose sketch is given elsewhere in this volume. Mrs. PuUan was born in Bollinger County, Missouri. In the year of their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Pullan came to Santa Clara County, and located on land on the Stevens Creek road, not far from his present home. After three successive years of poor crops, they re- moved to San Mateo County .'purchased a large prop- erty, and engaged in general farming and stock- raising. There they made their home until, as before stated, they returned to Santa Clara County in 1876 to make their permanent home. The homestead which he now occupies tradition says was once the site of an Indian village. It was first improved about 1850 by the pioneer, William Campbell, and has al- ways been noted for its productiveness. Mr. Pullan has subdivided the farm, and recorded it as "Pullan's Subdivision." He has placed the property upon the market, and has sold, in tracts, about one-half, at a very large advance over its cost. His worth as a citizen and the estimation in which he was held was shown when, in 1871, he was elected County Assessor, in San Mateo County, on the Demo- cratic ticket by 150 majority, a great compliment when it is understood that the county gave adverse majorities at the same election ranging as high as 600 votes. Mr. and Mrs. Pullan have nine children living. The names of the five daughters are: Mrs. Mary Yount, Mrs. Joan Van Arsdale, Mrs. Sarah Sherman- tine, Mrs. Alice Statler, and Mrs. Emma Hamm. The names of the four sons are: Columbus, William, George, and Ernest. Elizabeth, their sixth child, died at ten months of age. ^„(gC-^g)-€ ^APT. JOSEPH ARAM. This gentleman is well known to the people of Santa Clara County. No man living to-day within its limits had more to do with clearing Northern Califor- nia from Mexican domination, or of laying, broad and deep, the foundations of the new State, born of war 70 amid the turmoil of sectional strife, and admitted into the constellation of States, to become its brightest jewel. As a Captain in the war that led to the acqui- sition of the State, as a member of the first Consti- tutional Convention, and as a member of the first State Legislature, Captain Aram is well known to all early men, and indeed to all familiar with the history of the State. A brief history of his life gives the following facts; He was born in Oneida County, New York, March 24, 1 8 10. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm, and his education was received in the common schools, supplemented by instruction received at the Lima (New York) Seminary. He was married, in 1835, to Miss Mahala Birdsall. She died about a year afterward, leaving an infant daughter, Sarah M., who is now Mrs. S. M. Cool, of Los Angeles. In 1836 he wedded Miss Sarah Ann Wright. For the next four years he lived the quiet Hfeof a New York farmer. The tales of a life in the then far Western State of Illinois, of the ease with which the prairie soil was worked, and of its bountiful returns, induced him to leave the familiar scenes of his youth. On reaching Illinois, the Captain settled in Jo Daviess County, and there, with his family, lived from 1840 to 1846, engaged in farming and lead-mining. But the soil produced ague and malarial disease as well as good crops of cereals, and failing health induced the Captain to join an overland train and come to the then Mexican Province of California. At that early day it needed bravj?, hardy men — men strong both physically and mentally — to undertake the long jour- ney, and still more to make a successful career in the new country in its unsettled, turbulent condition. All these requisite quahfications Captain Aram pos- sessed in a large degree. Of the incidents connected with the journey made by this party of about twelve families, with as many wagons, across the plains, deserts, and mountains, we will not speak, except to say that no untoward event — trouble with the Indians, or sickness — delayed or interrupted them. Leaving Illinois about the middle of April, 1846, and reaching Johnson's Ranch, on Bear River, on the first of October, they did not spend more time en route than was usual in that early day, with its primitive mode of traveling. Having deter- mined, before leaving home, that he would settle in Santa Clara Valley, Captain Aram, after the briefest of rests, proceeded on his way. Where Sacramento now stands he met Colonel Fremont. The country was in the tumult of war, and with heart and soul our 554 PEN PIC1URE8 FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." subject entered into the cause. Receiving instructions and advice from Colonel Fremont, he pushed on with the party, and reached Santa Clara safely. In the operations which followed in Santa Clara Valley (and here were enacted the closing scenes of the war in Northern California) Captain Aram played well his part — how well let the history of the war in this val- ley tell. When Fremont left the valley to sweep the south- ern part of the province clear of Mexican soldiery, Captain Aram, with his company, was left in com- mand of the fortified camp at Santa Clara Mission. There many families, occupying the old mission buildings with their ground floors, were gathered for protection. Much sickness followed during the winter, and among other deaths was that of one of Captain Aram's children. The spring opening, the unorganized condition of the country left great responsibility upon its leading men, and in all efforts in this direction Captain Aram bore an active part. War had passed away, but preparation for its renewal at any time was part of the business of the day. The Captain removed his family to Monterey, and there helped to build a fort. He was also engaged in furnishing supplies to the troops and navy. Two years later, in 1849, he re- turned to the Santa Clara Valley and established his home at San Jose. As before stated, he was a mem- ber of the first Constitutional Convention, and of the first Legislature, which convened at San Jose, in De- cember, 1849. The pioneer nursery of the county was established by the subject of this sketch. Commencing in 1853, with stock brought from Ohio, on ground now occu- pied by the Woolen Mills at San Jose, he built up what was in those days an enterprise of great impor- tance. Until 1862 Mr. Aram was one of the active, public-spirited citizens of San Jose. Never idle, never uninterested in public good, never laggard in duty as a citizen, never unwilling to do any work assigned him, he served several years in the City Council. In 1862 his present residence, situated on the west bank of the Coyote River, near the crossing of the Milpitas road, and about three miles north of the San Jose Court House, was established. His nursery stock was removed to the homestead, which contains about fifty acres, of which forty acres are devoted to tree culture. The fine residence which Mr. Aram now occupies was erected in 1882, and here, in his large, well-appointed, well-furnished home, shaded and em- bowered with flowers, ornamental trees, and rare plants, enjoying the respect, confidence, and esteem of all who know him (and their name is legion), the Captain, in hale, hearty old age, still resides. Many a man, possessed of health, and who has- passed but two-thirds of the mile-stones of the Captain's life, looks older than the Captain, and if obliged to come to a test of strength, would feel that he was more advanced in age. Captain Aram did not bring large means to this valley, and what he had was exhausted before the close of the war. He has never given his life merely to money-getting or to money-saving. His home has always been the abode of hospitality, and we are happy to add that he has plenty of this world's goods to provide every comfort for advancing years. The good wife, who shared the dangers of the overland journey and the hardships of pioneer life in this val- ley, died in 1873, at the age of sixty years. Of her four children but one is now living, Eugene W., of Woodland, Yolo County, this State. In 1876 Cap- tain Aram married Mrs. Grace Gray, who came to this State from Michigan in 1871. It is natural and appropriate that the Captain should be an honored member, as he is, of the Pio- neer Association, and also of the society of the Mexi- can Veterans. In religious affairs he is connected with the Methodist Church. He is a strong Repub- lican, thoroughly in accord with the principles of the party. i,-(§C.pg)-. ICHAEL RYAN, one of the representative far- mers of Irish birth in Santa Clara County, is the owner of a fine property on the Almaden road, three miles south of the city limits of San Jose. His estate, of sixty-four acres, also fronts on the Foxworthy road. Mr. Ryan was born in County Mayo, Ireland, in 1843, but his youth from four years of age was spent in England.' He was orphaned at an early age by the death of both parents. When but seven years of age he commenced work in a silk factory, and con- tinued in the work for fifteen years, adding not a lit- tle toward the support of the family. He was thus deprived of the educational advantages which are en- joyed by more fortunate children. Soon after reach- ing manhood, he came to the United States, the land of promise to so many of the poor in the old country. He landed in New York in 1865, with only $10 in his possession. He is the only representative of his fam- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 555 ily in America. In 1868 he came to California, in company with Thomas Kelty, whose history appears elsewhere in this volume. Since then he has been a resident of Santa Clara County. Mr. Ryan was by no means well supplied with worldly goods when he reached this State. He was at first in the employ of Thomas Kell, and afterward a cultivator of rented lands. The estate which he now owns he purchased about thirteen years ago. He devotes his farm to the production of grain, and since the autumn of 1877 he has resided upon leased property, the estate, of 1 10 acres, belonging to the heirs of C. Columbet. On the fifteenth of June, 1878, Mr. Ryan was united in marriage with Miss Catharine Sullivan, a native of Ireland. Three children were born to them: William P., Joseph H., and Daniel V. Mr. Ryan is a member of the Catholic Church, and is a Democrat in politics. He is one of the leading men of his nationality in the county, and is a living example of what may be accomplished by a determi- nation to succeed, even under the most adverse circum- stances. His advancement, the result of his energy and enterprise, from a penniless stranger in a strange land, through the positions of farm laborer and worker of rented lands to the position which he now holds, that of a responsible, influential land owner, he may well be proud of ^UCIEN W. POLLARD is the owner of 120 s^ acres of choice land in the Collins School Dis- T trict, situated on the Boyter road, about four miles west of Santa Clara. He devotes his farm to horticulture and viticulture, twenty-six acres being in orchard, furnishing principally prunes and apricots, but also producing peaches, cherries, pears, plums, figs, almonds, and walnuts. The remainder of the land is in vineyard, which furnishes the following va- rieties of wine grapes: Zinfandel, Matero, Charbano, and Grenache; also such table grapes as the Muscat, Rose of Peru, Black Hamburg, Sweetwater, and Tokay. The products of this large vineyard he con- verts into wine in a winery of 50,000 gallons capacity. This vineyard is young, none of the vines being more than seven years old, and some of them being but two years old, yet it is very productive, and promises the best of results for the future. Mr. Pollard was born in Franklin County, Vermont, in 1823. He is the son of Thomas M. and Fanny (Waterman) Pollard, the former being a native of Massachusetts and the latter of Connecticut. When he was ten years of age his parents removed to Cooper County, Missouri, then considered in the far West. After a residence of four years there, they made their home in Camden County, of the same State, spending seven years in that place. They again removed to Jackson County, which was the home of the parents until their death. The subject of this sketch was reared to the labor of the farm receiving such schooling as could be obtained before reaching thirteen years of age. He became to a certain degree a self-educated man, having spent con- siderable time in study after reaching manhood. He followed the great overland emigration of 1849 to this State, and engaged in mining in Butte County. This work, with various other pursuits, occupied his time and attention until 1856, when he returned East by steamer. In 1858 he entered into mercantile business in Kansas City, establishing, in connection with a partner, a wholesale stove and tinware store. This enterprise was conducted with success and profit for fifteen years. During this time Mr. Pollard was united in marriage with Miss Carrie O. Daggett, the daughter of George and Susan (Harrington) Daggett, natives of New York, but now residents of Santa Clara County. In 1872 Mr. Pollard visited California for the second time, and purchased a paper mill in Mendocino County, commencing at once the manufacture of paper. He sold this business to a stock company in 1876, and from that time until he became a resident of Santa Clara County, in 1880, he was engaged in various enterprises. In that year he purchased the property which he now owns, and which we described at the beginning of our sketch. The last eight years have been devoted, with good results, to its cultivation and improvement. Mr. Pollard is a man of energy and good business habits, and these qualifications have been the means of winning success in his chosen work. In politics he is a strong and consistent Re- publican. t A. Z. EDWARDS, Supervisor of the Third District of Santa Clara County, resides in a ^ beautiful cottage home on the Alviso road, two I miles from the city limits of San Jose. Mr. Edwards has been identified with the county since 1857, and with the State since 1853, he-having arrived 556 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." at San Francisco on the nineteenth of February of that year. He dates his birth in Shropshire, England, August 31, 1823. He spent the time until his thir- teenth year on his father's farm, and at that time became engaged in selling goods, which occupation he followed until, upon the attainment of his majority, he came to the United States. Landing at New York city April 19, 1844, he settled in Oneida County, New York. There various pursuits occupied his attention until he came to this State, as before men- tioned, in 1853. The first four years of his residence in California were spent in placer mmingin Tuolumne and Plumas Counties. His life in this county, which has extended over a period of thirty-one years, has been devoted to agriculture, horticulture, and the growing of veg- etables and small fruits. In all of these branches, a long experience and practical knowledge have in- sured his success. The improvement from a state of nature of the property which he now occupies, Mr. Edwards commenced in 1864. The homestead con- tains forty acres, and is almost entirely devoted to orchard and small-fruit culture, although ten acres are used for the cultivation of asparagus. The residence grounds are thickly shaded by pine, locust, pepper, chestnut, and almond trees, in addition to two of the grandest of weeping willows and several noble speci- mens of the redwood (Sequoia). An actual meas- urement of the ground sheltered by one weeping willow (grown from a slip planted by Mr. Edwards in 1865), shows a circumference of over sixty yards, this beautiful tree having in its foliage a circumference of about 200 feet. The ground underneath is used as a workshop and storage room, and is as completely sheltered as though under a roof Mr. Edwards also owns, on the Brokaw road, a tract of twenty acres, which he devotes to pasturage and the production of hay. He also has real-estate interests in East San Jose, in the University tract, and at Santa Cruz. Tne subject of our sketch is in full sympathy with, and an active supporter of, the Republican party. During the Civil War the South had many sympa- thizers in this State, and many who hoped and plot- ted for Rebel success, even hoping to carry California into the Confederacy. When it became necessary for the Union men to organize, the Alviso Rifles were recruited in May, 1863, and became Company C, Fifth Regiment California State Militia. Mr. Ed- wards was among the first enrolled. After the close of the war, the company became an independent or- ganization, building and owning an armory at Alviso. They disbanded only December 25, 1886, and from July 27, 1869, to the date of disbandment, Mr. Ed- wards was their Captain. The company was armed with Spencer Rifles. The Regimental Prize Target Medal, costing over $100, contested for October 18, 1864, and November 13, 1865, was won by Company C. This medal the company, at its disbandment, by vote presented to Mr. Edwards as a testimonial of their respect and esteem for him as a man and as an officer. Pie has had much to do with public affairs wherever he has lived. In Plumas County he served as Magistrate, and under Lincoln's administration as Deputy Assessor and Collector. To his present po- sition as Supervisor of the Third District, he was elected in li ^^(^EE^^ &r !APT. JAMES SCOTT, deceased. No history of W' Santa Clara County would be complete without special mention of one of its earliest pioneers, the subject of this sketch. He was born in Woolwich, England, January 20, 181 1. His parents, William and Martha (Davidson) Scott, were natives of Scotland, his father serving in the English army and his mother residing in England at the time of his birth. His early boyhood was spent in attendance upon school, but at the youthful age of fifteen years he went to sea, thus beginning an eminentl}^ success- ful career. A bright and intelligent youth, of indus- trious habits, his strict attention to his duties soon won the confidence of his superiors. While yet in his teens, the vessel to which he was attached was wrecked on the barren coast of Nova Scotia, and though he was but a common seaman at that time, it was his forethought, intelligence, and energy that extricated the crew from the difficulties surrounding them. It was the display of such qualities as these that led to his promotion, at an early age, to the position of Sec- ond Mate, and from this time he rose rapidly in his profession, the age of twenty-four years finding him in command of one of the finest merchant ships under the English flag. He followed his profession with honor and credit until 1849, when he came to San Francisco. He ar- rived when the gold fever was at its height, and he sought for wealth in the mines. His experience in the mines was not that of many who were disappointed in the results of their labor; on the contrary, his suc- cess was remarkable. On some days he secured as BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 557 much as $3,000 from his claim. After amassing quite a competency, he returned to San Francisco, where he became a hotel man, opening to the public one of the largest hotels then in the city. In 1853 his brother William (whose biograph)' appears in this volume) joined him in San Francisco, and upon his arrival Mr. Scott sold his hotel interests and accompanied his brother to the mines. He was again successful in his mining ventures, coming, however, with his brother during the following year to Santa Clara County, where he purchased 120 acres of land, immedi- ately beginning its improvement and cultivation. Thus commenced a useful, active life of eighteen years in this county, and during that period the same qualities which won recognition in his earlier pursuits gained for him the respect of his fellow-citizens. A wide experience and sound business principles assured his success in this as in other undertakings. His active life closed December 18, 1872. His wife, formerly Miss Ann Lambert, a native of England, departed this life several years previous to his death. Their two children, William and Ann, are also deceased. In 1863 Mr. Scott visited Scotland, and upon his return to Santa Clara County was ac- companied by his sister, Miss Elizabeth Scott, who was born September 22, 1822. On the twenty-eighth of December, 1863, she became an inmate of her brother's home, where she has since resided, and of which she is the present owner. This property is lo- cated on Scott Lane, in the Jefferson School District, about one and one-half miles from the business center of Santa Clara. Her farm contains ninety-five acres of the original 120 acres owned by her brother. The land is beautifully situated and is very productive. Twenty-six acres are in strawberries, of the Long- worth and Sharpless varieties, four acres are in rasp- berries, while the remainder, with the exception of a small tract planted with fruit trees, is devoted to the growing of hay and grain. Artesian wells supply a plentiful amount of water for irrigation and other purposes. Another member of this family was Thomas Scott, who came to the United States, and, enlisting in the Twenty-sixth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel Owens commanding, was killed in battle in '63. K. BENNETT. The subject of this sketch makes his home at the junction of the ^y San Francisco road with the Saratoga and Al- viso road (Milliken Corner), three miles west of Santa Clara, in the Milliken District, where, in con- nection with his sister, Glora F., he owns a beautiful orchard property of thirty acres, upon which he has a comfortable cottage home. His orchard has not yet come into full bearing, being but of a few years' growth; but, by the intelligent care which he is be- stowing upon it, Mr. Bennett is laying the foundations for one of the finest fruit ranches of the county. The trees are about one-half prune, and the other half peach, apricot, and cherry, in nearly equal pro- portions, with a few varieties of other fruits. The subject of this sketch was born in Monroe County, New York, in 1857, and is the son of William K. and Melvina (Hart) Bennett, both of whom are now deceased. Mr. Bennet's boyhood was spent upon a farm and in attending school, but being of an ener- getic disposition, and of ingenious mind, he entered into other occupations. Among them were those of cooper, and engineer in controlling and running sta- tionary engines. He followed these various pursuits until 1857, when he came to California and located at Santa Cruz, where he worked at farming, teaming, and coopering for a year or more. He then removed to San Benito County, and entered quite extensively into the business of stock-raising. Being young, intel- ligent, and ambitious, he was soon assured of success, and continued the business for six years. But the complete isolation of his family and the sickness and death of his child induced him to change his residence to a settled country within the confines of civilization. He decided to make Santa Clara County his home, and located on the property described at the beginning of the sketch. Mr. Bennett is a young man of active and industrious habits, which, combined with intelli- gent and public-spirited views upon matters pertain- ing to the welfare of his section and county, make him a desirable acquisition to the community in which he lives. He is connected with the Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, being a member of San Lorenzo Lodge, No. 157. He has two sisters living, both of whom are resi- dents of this State. Miss Glora F. Bennett, a highly educated and accomplished lady, is a teacher in the State Normal School at San Jose, and Mrs. Sarah Spaulsbury, the wife of Edgar Spaulsbury, an attorney at law, residing in Santa Cruz. Mr. Bennett was united in marriage with Miss Grace Ingham, the daughter of Joseph Ingham, of San Jose, on the first of January, 1880. They have one child living: Ruth H., at the present time (1888) seven years of age. 558 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." JATRICK C. MOORE. Among the successful Lis men of Santa Clara County is the subject of this sketch, a brief resum/ o[ whose life is as follows: Mr. Moore was born in Middleton, County Cork, Ireland, in 1836, his parents being William and Han- nah (Collins) Moore, who were natives of the place of his birth. He was reared and educated in college until the age of sixteen years. His father was a farmer. Young Moore then accompanied relatives of his family to the United States. Soon after his arrival in New York he went to Hartford, Connecticut, and there engaged as a clerk in the store of J. S. Curtis & Co., for whom his brother was bookkeeper, and was there about a year, after which he went to West Ash- ford, same State, and learned the percussion-cap busi- ness; next he went to New Britain, Connecticut, and became an apprentice to the trade of a moulder in a foundry. He was engaged in this calling until 1856. In the latter year he came to California, by the Isth- mus route. While at Panama he was wounded by- a shot in his right arm, during a riot. He landed in San Francisco in April of that year. Soon after- ward he engaged in farm labor for Hutchinson & Green, near Sacramento, after which he was employed in steamboating on the Sacramento River. He then took up the occupation of a miner at Long Bar, on the Yuba River. In 1857 he went to Siskiyou County, where he stayed until 1858, engaging in prospecting, mining, and farm labor; was also a clerk in a hotel a portion of the time. In the latter year the Fraser River mining excitement induced him to make a venture in that direction, and he joined the "grand army" that were seeking their fortunes in the new gold-fields. This venture ended in a failure, and he returned to California and resumed the more quiet occupation of farm labor until 1861. He then en- gaged in the milk business in San Francisco — a busi- ness that he successfully conducted until 1863. In this year he came to Santa Clara County and located in San Jose. Soon after his arrival he entered into business as a peddler and teamster between San Jose and New Almadcn. With the exception of one year, in which Mr. Moore rented and cultivated the farm of Abraham Weller, at Milpitas, he was engaged in the above-named occupations until 1886. During the latter year he purchased a block of land on the corner of the Almaden road and Orchard Street, in San Jose, upon which he erected two dwelling-houses, a black- smith shop, and store. He established himself as a grocer, and has also in the same building a well- conducted and first-class saloon.' In addition to his property at this point, Mr. Moore also owns six lots and cottage-houses in the city of San Jose. He came to California with little or no means, and has by his industry and straightforward business dealing ac- cumulated a fair share of this world's goods. He is an intelligent and enterprising citizen, greatly in- terested in the progress and prosperity of the county. In politics he is a liberal and conservative Democrat. In 1882 Mr. Moore was united in marriage with Miss Mary O'Niell, daughter of Jeremiah and Hannah (Carroll) O'Niell, who were natives of Ireland, but residents of Ontario, Canada West. Mrs. Moore was born in Canada, and came to California in 1874. They contemplate a tour of Europe, Canada, and the States in i^ POHN W. MEADS. Among the prosperous agri- culturists of the Alviso District we mention the T subject of this sketch. His highly cultivated farm of 100 acres is situated on the corner of the San Jose and Alviso and Alviso and Milpitas roads, six and a half miles north of San Jose, and two and a half miles south of Alviso. The land is all under cultiva- tion, fourteen acres being in orchard, producing prin- cipally apples and pears, but also the other varieties of fruit grown in this section, for family use. There are twenty acres of strawberries of the Sharpless and Cheney varieties, and twelve acres of asparagus. The rest of the farm is devoted to stock purposes, and the production of hay and grain. Water is plentifully supplied by two artesian wells, one of which is 740 feet in depth, flowing from eight to ten inches above a seven-inch pipe, and the other of 250 feet in depth, flowing two inches over a seven-inch pipe. The subject of this sketch was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1834. His parents were William A. and Mary Jane (Amos) Meads, both natives of Balti- more. His early life was devoted to the acquiring of an education (for which good facilities were afforded), and to the learning of his father's calling,, that of gardener, he being extensively engaged in raising vegetables for the Baltimore market. Mr. Meads continued in this work until twenty-four years of age, when he determined to seek his fortune in the new El Dorado. He accordingly took the Panama route for California in 1858. Arriving in San Francisco, he proceeded to Santa Clara, in May of that year, and engaged in farm labor. After spending about two BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 559 and a half years in working for others, he rented 240 acres near Milpitas, which he successfully devoted to the production of hay and grain. He made that place his home for six years, and then purchased the land heretofore described, and took up his residence thereon in 1866. He at once commenced its cultiva- tion and improvement, and now has one of the really fine places of the county. He has erected a comfort- able cottage home, which is surrounded by beautiful trees and pleasant grounds, and in which he lives the life of a prosperous tiller of the soil in this favored spot. Mr. Meads married, in 1862, Miss Agnes Emmer- son, the daughter of Captain Charles Emmerson and Rosalia (McKenzie) Emmerson. They are natives of Maine, but residents of San Jose. Mr. and Mrs. Meads have six children: Walter A., Alfred, Alice M., Norman L., John W., and Daisy. Mr. Meads has taken a high standing among his associates as a man of integrity and intelligence, and the long acquaintance, established by a residence of thirty years in the county, have but won him increas- ing respect and confidence. He is one of the Trustees of the Alviso School District, being Clerk of the dis- trict — a position which he has filled with credit for the past four years. He is connected with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Politically, he is identi- fied with the Republican party, taking a great interest in all public affairs. pLEMENTE COLOMBET, deceased. This gen- tleman, one of Santa Clara County's early pio- neers and most respected citizens, was born at Nice, France, August 4, 181 7. He left his native land in 1842, and went to South America, remaining in Buenos Ayres for one year, when he sailed around Cape Horn, visiting Chili, Peru, and Bolivia. On the fourteenth of June, 1844, he arrived in Monterey, California, with Captain Cooper. He at first worked at his trade, that of tanner, in Monterey, then Santa Cruz, and San Jose. He afterward engaged in buy- ing stock, as well as merchandising, driving his cattle to Sacramento and the mines. In 1849 he opened a store in San Jose, which he conducted for some time. In January, 1851, he was married to Miss Ann Kell, a daughter of Thomas and Margaret (Murphy) Kell, and a granddaughter of Martin Murphy, Sr. Mrs. Colombet had come to California from Missouri, in 1846, having previously removed from her birth- place, Canada, to Missouri, with her parents. In the year of their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Colombet went to Mission San Jose, where Mr. Colombet engaged in viticulture and wine-making. In 1856, at the Annual Fair of the California State Agricultural Society, held in San Jose, he was awarded the premium for Claret wine, the first premium for wine ever awarded in Cali- fornia. He also engaged in conducting a store of general merchandise at the mission, living there until 1856, when he purchased the Warm Springs property, in Alameda County, from the original Spanish owner, Mr. Higurera, and removed there with his family. Here they resided until 1869, when he sold the prop- erty to A. A. Cohen, who, later, sold it to Senator Stanford. Having property in San Jose, Mr. Colom- bet removed here with his family, where he resided until his death, in September, 1885. On the twenty- fifth of August, 1878, he was stricken with paralysis, and for seven years was a sufferer; losing the use of his right side, he was unable to move about. He was a man of integrity and high moral character, and commanded the respect of all who knew him. Mr. and Mrs. Colombet had eight children, of whom one died in infancy: Joseph, the eldest, is the executor of his father's estate, and now City Treasurer of San Jose; Thomas, Clemente, Peter J., Annie V., Louis N., and William A., all residents of San Jose. Mr. Co- lombet was a member of the Pioneer Association of San Jose. P^OSEPH FOSTER, residing upon the San Fran- cisco road, about three and a half miles west of ^ Santa Clara, in the Milliken District, is the owner of twenty-five acres of productive land, ten acres of which are devoted to the culture of fruit, consisting principally of peaches, although the orchard also furnishes apricots, apples, pears, and plums. Fifteen acres are planted with vines, which produce different varieties of table grapes, such as the Tokay, Muscat, Cornichon, Black Ferrara, and Black Morocco. This fertile soil is a light adobe, mixed with gravel. The subject of this sketch was born in 1822, at Dunham Park, Yorkshire, England. His father, Abra- ham Foster, was a native of the above-mentioned place, and his mother, Mary (Kay) Foster, was born in Todmerden, Yorkshire County. Joseph's boyhood was spent in acquiring an education, and in mercantile work. He graduated at the Baptist College at his birthplace, and, while yet a youth, became a strong 560 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." believer in the Christian religion. At the early age of sixteen years he commenced his labor in its cause as a volunteer preacher, and so earnest and successful did he become in this work that he was known far and wide as the " Boy Preacher.'' At the age of nineteen years he was regularly ordained as a minister of the Baptist Church, and, although still engaged in other pursuits, he officiated legularly in the pulpit. In 1843 he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Crowther, daughter of Richard Crowther, of Yorkshire County, and granddaughter of the Rev. James Aston, of Lockwood, Yorkshire, England. In the same year he left his mercantile business, and engaged in clerical and statistical work for railroad companies and other corporations. This work he continued un- til 1845, when he came to the United States. Land- ing at New York, he proceeded to Illinois, and took up his residence on a farm about ten miles from Elgin. Here he commenced a career as a pioneer farmer and preacher, ever being a most active and earnest worker in the cause of Christianity, as well as in the establishment of schools and in all enterprises that tended to elevate the moral standard of that pi- oneer day. During the five years that he spent here he preached the gospel nearly every Sunday, being compelled to hold his services in log school-houses, barns, and often in the open air. In 1850 he removed to Clinton County, Iowa, where he continued his labors, both temporal and spiritual, ever to the front with open hand and ready assistance for the sick, needy, and distressed. Always in the advance guard of civiliza- tion, he changed his residence, in 1879, to Cherokee County, Kansas, where he continued his work as a farmer and a minister. In the year following his re- moval to Kansas, he suffered a severe misfortune in the visitation of a cyclone, which destroyed all his buildings, including his house, and all his farm imple- ments and machinery, the family barely escaping from the wreck with their lives. This severe loss was met with the fortitude and patience of the Christian. Soon afterward Mr. Foster came to California, and estab- lished his residence upon the farm which he now oc- cupies, and which he intends to make his home dur- ing his declining years. Since his coming to this county, he has manifested a deep interest in all that pertains to the growth and development of the section in which he lives, as well as in the education and morals of the community. He was one of the organ- izers and founders of the Emanuel Baptist Church of San Jose, serving as a pulpit supply until the regular pastor was installed. It is a fact to be noted as in- dicative of the man's unselfish character and disinter- ested motives, that through all his ministerial life and labors he has received for his services no compensa- tion save that of the consciousness of good deeds per- formed. That by his devoted labor much good was effected, cannot be doubted when one remembers the great need of Christian services, and the great diffi- culty in procuring them in the pioneer settlements of forty years ago. He may well be content to spend his remaining years in his pleasant home, feeling sure of his Master's " well done " at the close of a life de- voted to that Master's cause. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Foster: Richard C, aged (in 1888) forty years; Will- iam A., married and residing at Laporte, Iowa; Mary Jane, the wife of Dell C. Scott, of Delaware County. Iowa; and Arthur, who married Miss Ella Hamilton, of Indiana. OHN MILLIKIN, deceased. The subject of this sketch was born in Westmoreland County, ^ Pennsylvania, in 1807. The first five years of his life were spent there, and his father in 18 12 re- moved his family to Licking County, Ohio, becoming one of the earliest settlers of that State. The son, John, was there taught all the duties of an agricultural life, and spent his early manhood in that work in his native county. In 1832 he married Miss Nancy Heron, a native of the same county. Three years after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Milliken went to La Salle County, Illinois, where they established their home on a rich prairie farm. But Mr. Millikin's love of a frontier life soon prompted another move, and in 1837 his residence was changed to Iowa, where he settled in what was then known as the Black Hawk Tract, and continued his work of tilling the soil and raising stock. He was there during the ex- citing times of the Black Hawk War, and was a vol- unteer in the same. In 1852 he became one of the large army of emi- grants who were straggling across the plains to Cali- fornia. Soon after his arrival in this State, he settled his family in Santa Clara County, on eighty acres of land, located on the San Francisco road about three miles west of Santa Clara, on what is now known as Millikin's Corner. Then commenced a useful life (spent in the cultivation of his farm), which lasted for twenty-five years, his death occurring in 1877. Early BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 561 inured to hard labor, and possessed of a large amount of energy and a strong will, none of the obstacles always to be encountered in a frontier life seemed to daunt him. He was always in the vanguard of the army of pioneers, who cleared the way for the hosts who fol- lowed and built up the great centers of American civilization. Mr. Millikin, by virtue of his long resi- dence in the county, was well known and highly re- spected. Naturally he was deeply interested in the marvelous development which he had witnessed, and was ever ready to assist in every way in his power in bringing about that development. By the death of her husband, Mrs. Millikin was left with seven children, viz.: Samuel, whose sketch appears in this connection; James, a resident of Santa Cruz County; David C, a resident of Los Angeles County, who married Miss Mary Nash, of Santa Clara County; Thomas B., a resident of Lompoc, Santa Barbara County; Elizabeth, the wife of James Turner, of Gilroy, Santa Clara County, but now residing in Fresno County; Mary, the wife of John S. Henning, of Santa Clara, now living at Lompoc; and Margaret, the wife of Augustus HoUet, of San Jose, also living at present at Lompoc. Mrs. Milhkin was left to her children for five years after the loss of the father, her death occurring in Santa Clara County July 3, 1882. ^ , AMUEL MILLIKIN resides on the San Fran- cisco road, about three and a half miles west of Santa Clara, in the Millikin District, where he owns 100 acres of rich and well-cultivated land. His tract originally contained 160 acres, but 60 acres were disposed of by sale a few years ago. Of the 100 acres, 47 acres are in vines, yielding a large product of wine grapes of the Zinfandel and Matero varieties. The remainder of the farm Mr. Millikin devoted to the pro- duction of hay and cereals, and to stock-raising. He dates his birth in Licking County, Ohio, March 12, 1833. He is the son of John Millikin (a sketch of whose life is to be found in this history) and Nancy (Heron) Millikin. His father was a pioneer farmer in Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, and California, and the son was schooled in early life in his father's business. Coming to California with his father, in 1852, he has since made his home in this county and in the district in which he now lives. On the fourth of April, 1869, Mr. Millikin was united in marriage with Mrs. Christina Nash, the 71 widow of Patrick Nash, of Santa Clara County. Three sons have been born from this marriage, viz.: Samuel E., born August 2, 1870; George F., born September 4, 1872; and John D. S., born Novem- ber 26, 1876. Of Mrs. Millikin's children by her former marriage, there are living (in 1888) Robert P. Nash, born December 30, 1855, who married Miss Kate Martin, of Santa Cruz; Mary Nash, born June 13, 1858, the wrife of David P. Millikin, of Santa Clara County; Anna J. Nash, born January 10, i860; Thomas Nash, born July 21, 1862; and Charles C. Nash, born March 28, 1865. Mr. Millikin's long residence in the county has made him one of its best-known citizens, while it has inspired him with the interest in and regard for his home surroundings only to be found in those who have grown up with a country. As a good citizen and a successful agriculturist, he is a useful member of the community. His success is due to natural intelli- gence, energy, acquired business habits, and a thorough understanding of his business, rather than to any ad- vantages in youth, for they were made impossible of attainment by residence in frontier States. Mr. Millikin is interested in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, being a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52. ^^ C. MORSE. Among the well-known citizens ^f^ of this section, mention must be made of the @j|= subject of this sketch, who resides on the San Francisco road, about half a mile west of Santa Clara, at which place are located the Pacific Seed Gardens, of which he is the proprietor. These gardens occupy about 400 acres, and are really mag- nificent in extent and productions, well worth a visit from all who are interested in the growing industries of the county. The gardens were established, in 1875, by R. W. Wilson, a seedsman from the East, and then contained but fifty-four acres. Mr. Wilson conducted the business until 1878, when he sold it to Kellogg & Morse, who steadily enlarged the grounds and in- creased the business. By sound business principles and good judgment, they built up and successfully managed one of the largest enterprises of this charac- ter on the Pacific Coast. Its magnitude may be judged from the fact that in 1887 the products of the gardens comprised over 1 50 tons of the best varieties of field, garden, and flower-seeds. In the development of the latter, Mr. Morse is spending considerable 562 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD.' time and money, and in the near future this branch of the business is destined to become most successful. It is worthy of note that the cost of conducting these large gardens is nearly $30,000 per annum. In 1887 Mr. Kellogg retired from the firm, and since that time Mr. Morse has been the sole proprietor and manager. He is paying attention to the improvement of the quality rather than to the increase of the quantity of his products, and in this he has been eminently suc- cessful, particularly with the different varieties of lettuce, onion, and carrot seeds. He also owns a fine residence upon the grounds, in which are found all the comforts which characterize a well-ordered home. Mr. Morse dates his birth in Thomaston, Maine, in 1842. His parents, Obadiah and Chloe W. (Cope- land) Morse, were natives of Maine, and descendants of old Puritan families of New England. His father died when he was but four years of age, leaving his mother with means inadequate to the care of the farm and the rearing of her children. In the hard struggle which she was obliged to make, the mother was de- pendent to a great extent upon the assistance which her children were able to render her in the care of the farm. Thus at an early age Mr. Morse was accus- tomed to farm labor and was taught the stern duties of life. Reared in this school of necessity, he devel- oped those qualities of independence and industry which, carried into his after life, insured his success in all the business operations in which he became en- gaged. At the age of seventeen years, being desir- ous of rendering his mother more assistance than was possible from his earnings as a farm laborer, he com- menced a seafaring life, which he followed for several years, in fact until he came to California, in 1862. In this State he engaged in several occupations, among them that of a painter, in which he became very pro- ficient. He became a contractor for work in house painting, following this business for twelve years in Santa Clara, previous to the purchase of the seed gardens, and, although never taught the trade, by his natural ability he was enabled to cope successfully with his competitors. The subject of our sketch married Miss Maria J. V. Langford, the daughter of Pleasant and Sarah Langford, of Santa Clara County. Of their five chil- dren, four are now living. Their names and ages (in 1888) are as follows : Eva A., aged nineteen years; Lester L., aged seventeen years; Stella M., aged four- teen years; and Winnie M., aged seven years. Mr. Morse is a prominent member of the Advent Christian Church of Santa Clara, having been one of its founders, and having since taken the deepest inter- est in its welfare. He is a progressive man, and as such always takes part in all public movements which tend to the advancement of the prosperity of his county, to which, by the conscientious management of his own important business affairs, he adds not a little. ->'>%-%^~ ■ iOHN H. PIEPER is a native of the Province of Hanover, Germany, where he was born in 1824. His parents were natives of the same place and passed all their lives there, and are both buried in that province. His father, while living, had charge of the public highway of the district of Osterode Hanover. The subject of this sketch was educated in the Academy of Mining and Forestry in Claus- thal, in the Hartz Mountains. In 1843 he entered on his military duties in the engineer corps, serving in this corps for seven years. He then became a Lieu- tenant of engineers and Adjutant of the corps in the service of Schleswig-Holstein. After his honorable discharge from military duty, he came to the United States, landing in New Orleans, and went immediately to San Antonio, Texas, but, the climate disagreeing with him, he left there and went to New York, and for three years he was employed as principal assistant of the Topographical Survey of the State of New Jersey, then in charge of Lieutenant (now General) Egbert L. Viele. He was afterward employed as principal assistant engineer in laying out Central Park, New York. For a period of seven years he held this position, and then resigned it to accept that of mining engineer and assistant manager of the Mariposa Grant, Mariposa County, California, which position he held for two years. Mr. Pieper then came to San Jose and engaged in the practice of his pro- fession of civil engineer and surveyor, and since 1867 he has been City Engineer of San Jose, during which time extensive improvements of the city, such as the construction of the streets, bridges, and sewers have been made under his plans and specifications. He has also planned the improvements of the chan- nels of the streams passing through the city. The sewage system of the city of San Jose, and the im- provement of the channels of the several water-courses running through the city, were according to Mr. Pie- per's plans, and were made under his supervision. The detailed description of these improvements, which appears elsewhere in this book, is taken from his able report on these subjects. BIOORAPHIGAL SKETCHES. 563 Mr. Pieper owns a fine fruit farm of thirteen acres south of San Jose, which he has planted to 600 prune trees, 365 Moorpark apricots, 265 peaches, 250 cherry trees, and three-quarters of an acre in vineyards. When five years old the peach and apricot trees yielded fruit that, when evaporated, amounted to six tons. Mr. Pieper is married to Miss Adele Hoffman, a native of Cassel, Germany, and has six children. The eldest, Carl, is now a civil engineer and surveyor in Pasadena, California, in partnership with Colonel Place, formerly of the United States Engineer Corps; Oscar H. Thekla, Alphonse, Ernest, and Olga are the names of the other five, all of whom are attend- ing school. Mr. Pieper's residence is on the corner of Alameda and Stockton Avenues. He is a member of Garden City Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F., also of the Legion of Honor and the Order of Chosen Friends. SENRY SEARS, residing on the Almaden road, near the city limits of San Jose, is the owner of a very fine orchard of about eight acres. The substantial buildings on the place were erected by Mr. Sears, with regard only to comfort and con- venience, and well show the taste of the owner. Pur- chasing the property in February, 1884, out of a wheat-field, he commenced the work of improvement at once. The rapid development of the orchard, to those unacquainted with the possibilities of this won- derful climate and soil, when supplemented by skill and the unstinted use of money, is almost marvel- ous. In the orchard can be found almost every variety of deciduous fruit adapted to the soil, — cher- ries, French and Silver prunes, almonds, English wal- nuts, grapes, and many kinds of plums and peaches. The last-named fruit ripens from the first of June until the middle of October. Eight peach trees, planted the first year for home use, have long been producing more fruit than the family could use or give away to friends. In 1887 from these trees, in- cluding two planted later, a surplus of 1,800 pounds of fruit was sold. This fact is mentioned merely to illustrate how little Mr. Sears understood the capac- ity of the soil for producing fruit, and to give the general reader an idea of the same. This model little orchard is penetrated by two fine avenues lead- ing to the residence, one from the Almaden road on the west, and the other from Orchard Street on the north. The residence, with all its surroundings, makes a most pleasant and comfortable home. Mr. Sears is a Massachusetts man by birth, which he dates in old Berkshire County. His business life has been spent chiefly in Illinois. At Rockford he built up an extensive business in cutlery and fire- arms. He is the head of the firm of H. Sears & Co., on Wabash Avenue, Chicago, a wholesale house with a trade of $300,000 per annum, in the same general line of business. In 1883 Mr. Sears, finding that failing health would not permit him to live in Chicago, and having traveled extensively in California, Florida, and other sections in search of a congenial climate, concluded to settle in the beautiful, sunny Santa Clara Valley. Much of his old-time vigor has returned, and he can hardly find words to express his enthusiastic praise of the climate, resources.and possibilities of his new home. fk H. ROBERTS, the subject of this sketch, is 1^^ an intelligent and energetic mechanic, who has <^y> established a blacksmith and carriage repairing shop near the corner of Saratoga Avenue and the Stevens Creek road, in the Doyle District, about four miles from San Jose. These works are a decided advantage to the community, and Mr. Roberts just reaps the pecuniary reward to which his enterprise and industry entitle him. He is also an inventor of no mean order. One of his most useful and bene- ficial inventions is the Roberts Cultivator, which is so well appreciated by orchardists and others that it is rapidly taking precedence over all its competitors. This is particularly noticeable in the community sur- rounding Mr. Roberts' place of business. He is also the owner of a comfortable and pleasant home ad- joining his shop. By his useful, active life, and his qualities of integrity and industry, Mr. Roberts has won the deserved esteem of his neighbors and fellow- citizens. He is a member of Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F. Politically he is a strong and in- telligent Republican. Mr. Roberts was born in 1856, in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and is the son of William and C. E. (Riddle) Roberts. He became a resident of this State in 1873, coming directly to Los Gatos, of this county. At that place he made his home for four years, being engaged in mechanical pursuits. He then established the works above mentioned. In 1881 Mr. Roberts married Miss Laura V. Reynolds, the daughter of Frank Reynolds, of Los Gatos. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have no children. 564 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." % D. REED, a resident of the Willows, owns ten (sws acres on Hicks Avenue, which he improved from e^js a state of nature, removing the wild trees and brush. He bought the property in 1877, and commenced tree-planting in February of the fol- lowing year, setting nearly 2,000 trees. Now his orchard is in full bearing. Six acres are planted in apricots, and the remainder in cherries. Mr. Reed has been a resident of Santa Clara County for fifteen years, and of the State since February, 1867. For the first six years of his residence in California, Mr. Reed lived in Placer County, and since coming to Santa Clara County has been directly or indirectly interested in fruit-culture, witnessing much of the growth of the county, in prosperity and population. Politically Mr. Reed is fully in accord with the prin- ciples of the Republican party. He was born in Oneida County, New York, but was reared in Madison County, that State. He was born on the sixth of August, 1842. His parents, Mansel and Laura Reed, are deceased, the father dying in Lewis County, and the mother in Onondaga County, of the State of New York. Mr. Reed was reared to a farm life, but has engaged in various occupations. He came directly from Madison County to this State. On the sixteenth of October, 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Augusta MiUiman, at Oakland. Mrs. Reed was born and reared in Madison County, New York, and her parents, Joseph and Louisa MiUi- man, now live in Onondaga County, Mr. and Mrs. Reed have two children, William and Joseph. ->H>h ^^ e^-<5<- ||OHN MORGAN, of the Milliken District, re- W' sides on the San Francisco road, three miles west ^ of Santa Clara, near the corner of the Saratoga and Alviso roads, where he has quite extensive carriage manufacturing and repairing and blacksmith shops. These works are centrally located in a fine farming and orchard section, and are well patronized by the community. Mr. Morgan is an intelligent mechanic, and is deserving of the patronage which he receives. His mechanical ability is well displayed in the "Morgan Cultivator," of which he is the inventor — a farm implement which his patrons fully appre- ciate, and which rapidly supersedes all competitors. Near his shops Mr. Morgan owns a comfortable home, which, with his family, he occupies. The subject of this sketch was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1845, and is the son of John and Elspit (Alexander) Morgan, residents and natives of that place. At an early age he became interested in me- chanical work, and engaged in it while attending school. He thus became the intelligent artisan who merits the success that results from a combination of education and mechanical genius. In 1872 Mr. Mor- gan left his native home, to become a citizen of the United States. Upon landing at New York he started directly for San Francisco. After his arrival there he worked at ship-building and other kindred occupa- tions for about five years. He then removed to San Jose, and for about eighteen months was employed in the machine shops of that city; but, being of an enter- prising disposition, he soon established the shops mentioned in the first part of our sketch, and has since conducted them with great success. By his enterprise, industry, honesty, and ability, Mr. Morgan has won not only the patronage of the community, but also its respect. He is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, and is also con- nected with the Santa Clara Lodge, No. 238, 1. O. O. F. In 1874 he married Miss Margaret Center, daugh- ter of George Center, of Santa Clara County. Three daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Morgan: Lizzie C, aged (in 1888) twelve years; Lillie, aged nine years; and Maggie, aged three years. ^u ^MZRA F. BEACH dates his birth in Erie County, W New York, February 2, 1844. He is the son of Harry and Hannah Beach, both of whom were natives of Erie County. The homestead in which the subject of our sketch was born was estab- lished by his grandfather, and there also was born Harry Beach, the father of our subject, and there he still lives, at the age of seventy-nine years. The mother, Mrs. Hannah Beach, died in 1872. Ezra F. Beach was reared to the life of a farmer, and that work has filled the greater part of his years. At the age of twenty years the desire to see more of the world led him to leave the home of his father and grandfather to seek the far-off Western State of Cali- fornia. The four years succeeding his arrival in this State, in 1864, were spent in the mines at Dutch Flat, Placer County. Upon leaving the mines he came to this part of the State, and ever since has been a resi- dent either of Santa Clara or San Benito County, with the exception of two years spent in Santa Cruz County. His home has been a part of the time at Gilroy, and a part at San Felipe, but wherever he has BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 565 lived he has been engaged either in agriculture or hor- ticulture. On the seventeenth of August, 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Ida Nason, who is a native Californian, dating her birth in San Francisco, Feb- ruary 6, 1856. Her parents, Edmund and Marietta Nason, were born in the State of New Hampshire, but reared in Massachusetts. They came to Califor- nia, settling in San Francisco, in 1854, and now (in 1888) are residents of San Felipe, San Benito County. The pleasant cottage home and fine orchard of ten acres, owned and occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Beach, are located on the Stevens Creek road, five miles west of San Jose. The purchase was consummated May 3, 1884. All the improvements, and all the building up of the place, have been the labor of their hands. The orchard comprises prunes, apricots, and peaches, one-half of the land being devoted to the first -named fruit, and the other half to the two last-named fruits, in equal proportions. J. W. Beach, a brother of our subject, owns a promising young orchard of ten acres adjoining this property. Mr. and Mrs. Beach are the parents of two bright boys: Elmer E., born September 20, 1875, and Her- bert S., born March 25, 1878. Mr. Beach is a man of public spirit and enterprise, and is naturally greatly interested in all matters of that character. Politically he is in full sympathy with the Republican party, while socially he is affiliated with the Santa Clara Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F., and with Mount Hamilton Lodge, A. O. U. W., of San Jose. f CHRISTIAN BOLLINGER was born in 1817, ' in Bollinger County, Missouri. At that early &Y date it was a wild and unsettled country, and his pioneer parents not possessing an abundance of this world's goods, his youth and early manhood were spent in hard and unceasing labor at farming and kindred pursuits, which left his opportunities for se- curing an education even more limited than was ne- cessitated by the primitive condition of the country. But his inborn good sense, coupled with untiring en- ergy, has enabled him to overcome many of these dis- advantages, and to successfully compete with the more favored but less ambitious portion of humanity, in the race for wealth and position. At the early age of nineteen years, Mr. Bollinger was united in marriage with Miss Sallie Farmer, the daughter of Reuben Farmer, of Bollinger County, and together they traveled life's road for more than forty-four years, the wife's death occurring in 1880. To Mr. and Mrs. Bollinger were born nine children, of whom five are now living: David, George, Mary, Catharine, and Emma. All are married and living either in Santa Clara or San Mateo County. For his second wife, Mr. Bollinger married Mrs. Vinnie Wein- berg, of Contra Costa County. The subject of our sketch is justly entitled to the distinction of being one of the pioneers of California, he having emigrated to this State early in 1852. He first lived in Napa County, for about a year, and then came to Santa Clara County. Here he spent another year, and again removed, this time to San Mateo County, where he became possessed of large and valuable tracts of land in the foot-hills of the Coast Range. In 1883 the Spring Valley Water Company, of San Francisco, having need of Mr. Bollinger's land in extending their water system, made him ad- vantageous offers, which he accepted. Having thus disposed of all his real-estate interests in San Mateo County, he returned to Santa Clara County, and es- tablished his residence on a 184-acre tract of fine farm- ing land on Saratoga Avenue, a little southwest of Santa Clara. This property he sold in 1887, realizing a fine return upon his investment. He then removed to Santa Clara, where he has since made his home. Mr. Bollinger owns some fine orchard property on Saratoga Avenue, within the limits of Santa Clara, and there he intends to build a home, in which to spend his remaining years, where, surrounded by all needed comforts, he may enjoy the rest which his long, energetic, and industrious life justly entitles him to receive. ji-(§^>ng)- iMRANKLIN P. CANRIGHT resides a little s^ west of the Los Gatos road, in the Hamilton T District. He is the owner of a fine ranch of thirty -one acres, which he bought in June, 1 881, it be- ing at that time part of a grain farm. He established his residence on the property in October of the same year, erecting his buildings after taking posses- sion. During the first year he planted nine acres, principally in prunes. His orchard now contains eleven and one-half acres, and the remainder of his farm is devoted to the raising of hay. In 1887 he sold $300 worth of prunes, a good showing for a 566 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." young orchard, for that year, which was not consid- ered a good one for prunes. Mr. Canright is a native of Ulster County, New York, where he was born on the twenty-fourth of Jan- uary, 1829. His father, Solomon Canright, was a na- tive of New York, and his mother, Pamelia (Pecor) Canright, of Vermont. His father died in Brookfield, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, and his mother now lives, at the advanced age of eight-three years, in the city of Waukesha, Wisconsin. Within a few years after the California gold fever broke out, Mr. Can- right followed the multitude who had made the long journey in search of gold. Leaving New York city, he traveled by way of the Isthmus, and landed at San Francisco, on the fifth of February, 1854, having been two months on the way. He first made Prairie City, Sacramento County, his home, being engaged in placer mining there. Thence he removed to Downieville, Sierra County, where he worked at min- ing for thirteen years with varied success. In 1867 Mr. Canright quit the mines, and engaged in general farming in Solano County, where he remained until he removed to his present home, in 1881. On the fifth of October, 1862, he married Miss Mary E. Hatch, a native of Columbia County, New York. They have three children, namely: Eva Pamelia, William Edward, and John Franklin. In politics Mr. Canright is identified with the Republican party. As a horticulturist his success is assured, while he has won the esteem and respect of the members of the community in which he lives, by the strict honesty of all business transactions, as well as by the great kindness of heart and genial nature. fOSEPH D. CANNEY, a resident of the Willow District, owns a fine fruit orchard of six acres, ^ located on Pine Avenue, between Washington and Lupton Avenues. The improvement of this piece of property, which was formerly a barley field, he commenced in 1876. The orchard furnishes prunes, cherries, and pears. The building improve- ments are all Mr. Canney's work. Mr. Canney was born in New Durham, Stafford County, New Hampshire, June 3, 1838. He is the son of James and Jane M. (Fox) Canney, both of whom were born and reared in New Hampshire. In 1855 the family removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, which was then but a village. In that place, on the nineteenth of September, 1864, Mr. Joseph D. Can- ning wedded Miss Phoebe M. Gilmore. They have two children, Ida L. and Fred G. At the present time (1888), the former is in her twenty-second year, and the latter, attending the University, is in his twentieth year. Mr. Canney's parents removed from Minneapolis to Santa Clara County, in 1869, and now live at the Willows, owning and occupying a piece of property on Minnesota Avenue. The father and son, under the firm name of J. Canney & Co., are engaged, dur- ing the season of such work, in fruit-drying. Mr. Canney's parents are members of the Society of Friends. Mr. Canney's sister, Elvira J., the wife of W. E. Ward, makes her home with her husband at the residence of her parents, on Minnesota Avenue. Mr. Canney and his family are members of the Methodist Church. Politically Mr. Canney is a Re- publican, with strong Prohibitionist tendencies. He has been a resident of Santa Clara County for eight- een years, and during this time has won the respect of the community, for his integrity, and for all those qualities which he inherited from the old New England family from which he has descended. His influence, which is for the right, is exercised in the efforts which he puts forth for the good of the community in which he lives. J^ELVIN L. GRUWELL, residing on Saratoga Avenue, three miles from Santa Clara, in the Moreland District, has been identified with Santa Clara County since 1853. He was born in Marion County, Indiana, in 1826, and is the son of John and Ruth Gruwell. When a babe, his parents removed with their family to Quincy, Illinois, and thence, in 1837, to Farmington, Van Buren County, Iowa. There the home was established and retained for several years. Melvin L. was the youngest of a family of nine children, five boys and four girls. Of this large family, three sons and two daughters are now living. Jacob, who is a minister in the Southern Methodist Church, lives at East San Jose; Laban H. is a resident of Contra Costa County; Mrs. Melinda Williams, a widow, lives in Los Angeles; Mrs. Avis Garrigus makes her home in Santa Clara; and the fifth is the subject of our sketch. The deceased are: Asa, who died in Meridian District, in this county; Robert, who died in the Hamilton District; Mrs. Lydia Harding, who died in Alameda County; and Mrs. Jemima BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 567 Houghton, who died in San Jose. In 1849 the eldest brothers, Asa, Robert, and Jacob, came witli their families overland to this State, and all spent the first winter in Los Angeles. Asa settled in Stanislaus County, leaving it to come to this county in 1861. Robert went to the mines at Rough and Ready, and, after remaining there less than two years, became a pioneer of Santa Clara Valley. Jacob first made Stockton his home, but settled in this county in 185 1. Mr. and Mrs. Garrigus came by way of the Isthmus in 1851. Melvin L., whose name heads this sketch, with his brother, Laban H., and their father (his mother died in Iowa in 1847), in 1852 followed the older brothers, coming to the State overland. He was also accom- panied by his sister, Melinda and Lydia, with their husband-s. The last one of the family to settle in the Golden State was Mrs. Houghton, who, with her hus- band and children, came overland in 1859. The year following his arrival, Melvin L. Gruwell spent in the mines at Sonora, and in 1853 he came to this county and took possession of his present home. Soon after his father died, November 25, 1853, at the ripe age of eighty-one years. Mr. Gruwell has now lived in the Moreland District thirty-five years, and owns 112 acres. His original purchase contained 178 acres, of which he sold a portion in 1887. The difficulties of obtaining a title were great. His first purchase was of a squatter right, but he was afterward obliged to buy out several claimants, who claimed the land under other grants. The ranch was formerly devoted entirely to general farming, but now about thirty acres are in orchard and vineyard. On the twenty-ninth of March, 1855, Mr. Gruwell wedded Miss Sarah Jane Wear, who was born in J.a€kson County, Missouri. With her parents, William W. and Thurza Wear, she crossed the plains and mountains to this State in 1852, settling near Mount- ain View, of this county. Here both of her parents died, the mother about 1869 and the father in Sep- tember, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Gruwell have ten chil- dren: Ruth E., the wife of Eben Vandine, of this county; Martha Ann and Lydia J., at home; William W., of Lake County, this State; Arthur J., of San Jose; Charles Lee, Thurza W., Lawrence C, Kate, and Lulu, all at their parents' home. In politics Mr. Gruwell is affiliated with the Demo- cratic party. He is a member of the ancient and honorable order of Masons. A long and useful career in Santa Clara County has won for Mr. Gruwell the well-deserved respect of his fellow-citizens, as good management and industry have won prosperity in business. ^! ^ffiORACE B. HALL, of Hamilton District, is the (^^ owner of a very fine vineyard of fifteen acres, (S) located on the San Jose and Los Gatos road, near the railway crossing. He also has five acres in trees, principally prunes. Mr. Hall bought this twenty acres of choice land in 1880, when it was a part of a grain-field. He commenced at once the work of fitting his land for a vineyard, and in 1881 set, the larger part of five acres with the Zinfandel grape. In 1883 he planted another five acres, one-half with Zin- fandel and one-half with Charbano grapes. Two years later he set the remaining five acres with Zinfandel, Charbano, and Cabinet Frank grapes. All these va- rieties are good yielders, as the following estimate will show: In 1886 the vineyard produced 120 tons of grapes, which Mr. Hall had made into wine, on shares, andfrom which he realized a net profit of $1,100. Owing to an unusual frost, the crop of J887 was somewhat lighter than that of the preceding year, but nearly $1,100 was received, the fruit being sold on the ground. Mr. Hall was born in Lincoln County, Maine, May 24, 1838. He is the son of Eben Hall, who was born in the same town (Jefferson). Eben Hall, Sr., the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, served in the War of 18 12. The family trace their descent through several generations of American ancestry. Horace B. Hall was reared to a farm life, but in 1861 left his native home to come to the Pacific Coast. He reached San Francisco on the fourth of August of that year, and at once entered the employ of Emanuel Brothers, furniture manufacturers. He re- mained with this firm eighteen years, and that he was most faithful in the discharge of all duties is shown by the fact that after the second year he was placed in charge of the manufacturing establishment as foreman, a position which he held until he left the business. He married, in San Francisco, in August, 1870, Miss Jennie Miner, who was born of Scotch ancestry, in Nova Scotia. Her failing health was the cause of Mr. Hall's removal to Santa Clara County, which was accomplished, as before stated, in 1880. This removal did not have the desired effect, for Mrs. Hall passed from this life July 16, 1883, dying of consumption, at the age of thirty-three years. She was a consistent 568 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." member of the Presbyterian Church, and died in the strong faith of the true Christian. She was the mother of five children, of whom but two sons are now Hving. Roy, born in 1871, is now in San Fran- cisco, learning the machinist's trade. Norman, born in 1872, graduated at fourteen years of age at the Hamilton School, at San Jose. Mr. Hall is identified with the Republican party. He is an active member of various orders, belonging to Abou Ben Adhem Lodge, No. 112, I. O, O. R, of San Francisco, and of Unity Encampment, No. 26. He passed the chairs in the subordinate lodge, and in the encampment, and is a member of the Grand Lodge of the State. He is also connected with Val- ley Lodge, A. O. U. W., of San Francisco. -^•^ -*— ^^' _ 5RANK HAMILTON, one of the pioneer men ■^^csh of Almaden Township, is the proprietor of Val- ■ ■ ley View Farm, at the head of Union Avenue, in the Union District. He dates his birth in Summit County, Ohio, four miles from Akron, September 20, 1836. He is the son of James and Susannah (Snyder) Hamilton. The family removed from Ohio to Mich- igan in 1844, making the township of Florence, in St. Joseph County, their permanent home. The father died in the March following their settlement there, but the mother reached the ripe old age of eighty- four years, dying in 1878, in the place which had been her home for so many years. There, two unmarried sons and one daughter now live. Eleven children were reared to manhood and womanhood in that county. Frank Hamilton left the old home with its large circle of family friends, when eighteen years of age, to come to far-off California. Leaving New York, February 16, 1854, on the Atlantic steamer, Georgf. Law, by the Isthmus of Panama, he reached San Francisco April 22, traversing the Pacific waters on the steamer John L. Stevens. He engaged in placer mining in Nevada County until June, and in July visited Santa Clara County. Later in the year he again worked at mining at New Orleans Flat, re- maining there for fourteen months, when he returned to Santa Clara Valley, and, investing in real estate, has since made it his home. His first purchase con- sisted of 160 acres, which adjoined his present prop- erty. Selling that tract, he bought 320 acres, of which he has retained 200 acres, and now occupies. At one time he owned what is now part of the Lone Hill Vineyard. During 1864 and 1865 Mr. Hamil- ton was engaged in freighting, being the proprietor of a line between Sacramento, Virginia. City, and Reese River. Often horses were attached to one wagon, which at times would contain a load of 25,- 000 pounds. Mr. Hamilton owned the finest team that was ever driven from Santa Clara County. He has been largely interested in wheat-raising, having as a renter worked many of the large grain ranches of the valley. He states that he has disbursed for hired labor alone, in the production of grain, over $75,000. The large ranch which he now owns is de- voted to general farming, there being this year ('1888) 500 acres in grain. In 1870 Mr. Hamilton had the misfortune to lose his fine residence by fire, and as it was entirely without insurance the loss was a severe one, but with characteristic energy he at once had a house erected 20x30 feet, of which he took possession just eleven days after the fire! In 1875 the subject of our sketch, for the first time in twenty-one years, visited his mother and her family in Michigan. On his return he brought back with him a car load of peppermint roots, which he planted in thirty-five acres about eight miles north of -San Jose. A rise in the Coyote River nearly swept the entire field into the bay; still enough was left from which to manufacture 250 pounds of peppermint oil, which was sold at $3.00 per pound. He is supposed to be the only man in the State who has ever grown the plant or manufactured the oil. He married, in 1861, Miss Alice Travis, a native of New York. Five children were born to them, of whom four are living, one son, Frank, having died in infancy. William was born June 26, 1862; Walter, August 26, 1864; Sadie, 1867; and Stella, April 22, 1880. The children are, as yet, members of their father's household. Mr. Hamilton is a member of Mt. Hamilton Lodge, San Jose, A. O. U. W. Polit- ically, he is identified with the Republican party. HADDEUS W. HOBSON, senior partner of the clothing firm of T. W. Hobson & Co., is among the eldest of California's native sons, having been born in San Jose in 1850. His father, George Hobson, is one of the very few men now living who came to the State forty-one years ago, when, as he says, there was not a farm fenced in the Santa Clara Valley, and when the farming, such as it was, was nearly all performed by Digger Indians, who were i ^'J^^' ^"^^/^/^l^^^^^i i^^^ic/ai^i^' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 569 controlled and driven like slaves by the Spanish ranch- owners. When Mr. Hobson came to San Jose, in 1847, it was but a miserable village, mainly occupied by Spaniards and Mexicans, whose best residences were adobe huts. After getting his farming interests started, two years later, he was the first man to sup- ply the inhabitants of the town with milk, and drove the first milk wagon ever seen on its streets. George Hobson and his wife, formerly Miss Sarah Speinhour, were both born in North Carolina, he in -February, 1823, and she May 18, 1828. They both went to Missouri some years before their marriage, which took place January 10, 1847, and the following spring they started overland for California by the way of Fort Laramie and Fort Hall, with about sixty wagons in their emigrant train. They arrived at Johnson's ranch, near where the city of Sacramento now is, in October. Mr. Hobson and his young wife came to San Jose, but stopped only a short time, then went to Monterey — then the capital — and settled there until January, 1849, when they returned to San Jose, which has been their home ever since. The first two years of his resi- dence in California Mr. Hobson spent in the mines, and was quite successful. He and his companions washed out from one pocket $1,000 each in three days, and from a single pan of dust one of his companions washed out $886. Since 1850 until his retirement from active business, in 1883, Mr. Hobson was engaged chiefly in farming and stock-raising. The family have occupied their present home, on the street called by his name, since 1861. Two sons and four daugh- ters comprise the family of children; The two sons, T. W. and William B., compose the clothing firm of T. W. Hobson & Co. This large and prosperous business was established in San Jose, in 1875, by the firm of Obanion & Kent, and conducted by them until 1879, when T. W. Hobson purchased a third interest, the firm name being Obanion, Kent & Co. until 1882. Then Mr. Hobson, his father, and brother William B., bought the other partner's interest, and the firm took the present name, T. W. and William B. Hobson hav- ing entire control of the business. The store has an area of 60x135 feet, besides a work-room 34x40 feet; and the business embraces a large stock of ready- made clothing, gentleman's furnishing goods, hats, trunks, and valises, together with an extensive mer- chant tailoring department, with a large line of choice piece goods, imported and domestic. Each depart- ment has a foreman expert at its head. Goods .are chiefly bought direct from the manufacturers, and in large quantities. The establishment employs, during 72 the busy season, ninety skilled salesmen and work- men. The sales for 1887 aggregated $152,000, and are running considerably heavier for 1888. T. W. Hobson is one of the charter members of the Native Sons of the Golden West, Lodge No. 22, organized in 1884, and composed of sons of the pioneers. He is also a member of the L O. O. F. William B. Hobson was born in San Jose, in 1857, attended school at the San Jose Institute, and com- menced business life as a clerk in the store in which he is a partner. In January, 1886, he married Miss M. T. Shaughnessy, a native of New York. fOHN BALBACH, one of the oldest living and most respected citizens of Santa Clara County, T was born in Mergentheim, Germany, February 13, 1820. When twenty-eight years of age he came to the United States, arriving in New York in May, 1848. Soon afterward he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and three months later to Harrisburg, Kentucky, where he obtained employment in a carriage manu- factory. On reading General J. C. Fremont's flattering description of California, and of the great demand for blacksmiths in this new El Dorado, Mr. Balbach determined to try his fortune among the gold-seekers. On March 28, 1849, he, in company with nine others, started from Harrisburg for California, with a fine outfit of horse teams and wagons. When the party reached a point a hundred miles west of Fort Smith, owing to the inclement weather, the deep snow-drifts, and the lack of any road through the wilderness, they fi^und it impossible to proceed farther with vehicles; so they exchanged their horses and wagons for pack- mules, loaded them with such articles as they most needed, and resumed their journey. They experienced some difficulty with their wild mules. The one car- rying all their sugar stampeded and never returned ; another, when hitched to a tree, broke his neck! Despite these mishaps the emigrants reached Santa Fe in safety. Being advised to take the middle route, they made an attempt to do so, but, meeting with insurmountable obstacles, were obliged to retrace their steps, losing two weeks' time thereby. They then proceeded by the Gila River and Fort Yuma route. On reaching the Colorado River they found it very high, and had considerable trouble to get their mules to cross. The travelers numbered thirty people, with sixty mules. They hired some Indians to assist 570 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." them. Rude rafts were constructed, their luggage placed on them, and the mules swam by the sides. Most of the mules were taken across before night, but the majority of their owners had not crossed over. Taking advantage of this fact, the Indians stole all but four of their mules that night! In crossing the swol- len river the raft on which Mr. Balbach and two others were being ferried over came to pieces and they were precipitated into the raging flood. Each clung to a piece of the wreck, and his two comrades easily reached the opposite shore; but Mr. Balbach, just having recovered from an attack of fever, was too weak to stem the current, and succeeded in reaching the shore only after a most desperate struggle for life, a mile below. By heroic effort he reached the camp, but was so exhausted that he swooned, and lay in a state of syncope for many hours. Upon recovering consciousness he learned of the loss of their mules. Despair well-nigh overcame him when he thought of the long, perilous journey through a desert country, and scanty rations of food and water. To make this journey on foot in his weak condition was impossible; he gave the owner of one of the remaining mules his gold watch and chain and such other valuables as he possessed for the privilege of riding a part of the time. After great hardship and suffering the subject of our memoir reached Rowland's Randi, near Los An- geles, on August lO, 1849. Here he remained several months to recuperate and earn something with which to continue his journey to the mines. At the end a this time the proprietor of the ranch fitted Mr. Bal- bach out with horse, saddle, and bridle, and he started, in company with two other men, for the mines up north. Arriving at San Jose one December evening, he got permission to stop overnight with a Spaniard occupying an adobe hut, and picketed his horse on a vacant lot. In the morning horse, saddle, and bridle had been stolen; and, having neither means of con- veyance nor money, Mr. Balbach was compelled to abandon the trip and seek employment, which he soon found, and he never resumed his journey to the mines. After working a short time he established himself in business, carrying on general blacksmithing at first, but gradually changing to the manufacture of wagons, buggies, and carriages. In the spring of 1852 Mr. Balbach manufactured the first plow made on the Pa- cific Coast, having neither pattern nor guide. The following year he built fifty plows. His carriage bus- iness steadily increased, and has yielded him a com- petence. The factory, situated on the corner of Second and Fountain Streets, is now chiefly managed by three of his sons, who are skilled mechanics in the several departments of the business. Mr. Balbach married Wenna Benner, a native of Germany, on November 15, 1854. They have six sons and three daughters living; one son is deceased. Mr. Balbach has served two years as a member of the City Council of San Jose, and five years as a member of the Board of School Trustees. Robert McCUBBIN. Among the owners of large grain-farms we note the subject of this sketch, whose fine farm, of 290 acres, on the Alviso and Mountain View road, is about two miles southwest of Alviso, six and one-half miles north- west of Santa Clara, and five miles east of Mountain View. This extensive ranch, with the exception of a small orchard, is devoted to the growing of hay and grain, and the raising of stock, the latter including some fine horses of the Norman and Clydesdale breeds. Four artesian wells furnish all the water needed for stock and other purposes. Mr. McCubbin was born in Wigtonshire, Scotland, in 1832. His parents were Robert and Martha (Pet- tigrew) McCubbin, both natives and residents of Scot- land. During his youth, which was spent upon a farm, he received such education as was afforded by the common schools. When but seventeen years of age he left his native country to seek his fortune in the United States. Upon landing at Boston, Massa- chusetts, he went to the country to seek work on a farm. This he obtained a short distance from the city. He afterward went to Caledonia County, Ver- mont, and there remained until the following year, when he went as far west as Galena, Illinois. There two or three years were spent in teaming. He resolved to visit California, and chose the Nic- aragua route. He arrived in San Francisco in the autumn of 1853, and soon went to Santa Cruz County, where a year was spent in various pursuits. In 1854 he came to Santa Clara County, and here engaged in well-boring with John Dunbar, they being among the first to engage in that enterprise. In the year follow- ing his coming to this county he rented land near Santa Clara, and cultivated it for four years, then changing his business for that of the sheep-raiser and wool-grower. This work occupied his attention for about two years. In 1861, in partnership with John Snyder, he purchased 1,200 acres of land three miles BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 571 southwest of Mountain View. This immense tract was successfully devoted to the cultivation of wheat until 1870, in which year he removed to his present location, he having purchased the land from John An- derson in 1868. In 1864 Mr. McCubbin was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Bubb, the daughter of William and Mary Ann (Gibson) Bubb, of Mountain View. Seven children have blessed this union, viz.: William, who resides at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands; George, who makes his home in Tulare County; Alexander, Mattie, Robert, John, and Mary, who are members of their father's household. Mr. McCubbin is an intelligent, progressive, and public-spirited man, whose industry and sound busi- ness qualities have insured him success in his calling. Politically he is a Republican, but is conservative and liberal in his views. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., being associated with Santa Clara Lodge, No. 238. pWIGHT DURKEE, Jr., resides on the Sara- toga and Mountain View road, in the Collins School District, about five miles west of Santa Clara, and the same distance southeast of Mountain View. Here he owns thirty acres of highly culti- vated fruit land, which is destined, under Mr. Durkee's care, to become very productive. Twenty acres are devoted to an orchard, which furnishes peaches, apri- cots, and prunes. Ten acres are planted with vines, which yield fine table grapes of the Muscat variety. Mr. Durkee has found the grapes very remunerative. The majority of the fruit-trees are yet young, but as showing the productiveness of the soil under such intelligent care as is given in this case it is worthy of note that five-year-old peach-trees of the Salway variety in 1887 yielded 150 pounds of fruit to the tree. The fruit readily brought three cents per pound, thus realizing $7.50 per tree. Mr. Durkee has a pleasant, comfortable cottage home, with good and substantial out-buildings upon his property. The subject of this sketch was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1858, and is the son of Dwight and Sarah (Davis) Durkee. His father is a resident of St. Louis, while his mother was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Durkee's boyhood and youth were spent in school. Still, at an early age, he entered mercantile pursuits, and in 1878 left his home for Colorado, where he en- gaged in the hardware business. There he remained until 1882, when failing health compelled him to seek its restoration in a more genial climate. With this purpose in view he left his business and came to Cali- fornia. He easily discovered the charms of one of the most beautiful and fertile sections of the State, and decided upon Santa Clara Valley as his home. He purchased the property heretofore described, and soon commenced its cultivation and improvement. In his work he has been eminently successful. He is a man possessed not only of the intelligence neces- sary for success in any undertaking, but also of the patience which is indispensable to the proper atten- tion to the details of horticulture. As a result of these conditions, his orchard and vineyard give promise of bein^ among the finest in the section. His pleasant home and his labors are shared by his wife, formerly Miss Sarah Martin, with whom he was united in marriage in 1887. Mrs. Durkee is the daughter of James Martin, of San Jose. i^ERRY CURTIS, residing on the Doyle road, ®^ one-fourth of a mile south of the Stevens Creek IsT road, is quite extensively engaged in horticult- ure. His fine orchard, of forty acres, was entirely planted by himself, after his purchase of the property, in the autumn of 1881. Tree-planting was com- menced in the first year, and each year the size of the orchard was increased, until now it is complete, the youngest trees being two years old. The leading fruit is French prunes, of which there are 1,600 trees, besides 700 peach, 375 apricot, 200 cherry. A family orchard comprises apple, pear, walnut, almond, and other trees. A vineyard contains 3,000 vines, which are very productive. To show the fertility of the soil, and the good management which Mr. Curtis exercises over his fruit interests, we mention the re- sults of 1887. The apricot trees (then five years old) yielded 200 pounds to the tree, or a total of over thirty- six tons, which sold for about $1,100, while the fruit of the peach-trees, only lOO of which were of bearing age, realized $800. Mr. Curtis came to this county from Chickasaw County, Iowa, where he had lived and been engaged in operating a farm for seventeen years. This fine property, of 200 acres, entirely improved by himself, he yet owns. He was born in Grafton County, New Hampshire, July 23, 1842. He was reared to a farm life, but upon reaching the age of seventeen years he struck out for himself, by starting for Texas, with $3.00 in his pocket. During his year's residence in 572 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Texas he was engaged in herding stock. He then went to Floyd County, Indiana, and there made his home, marrying, in 1863, Miss Vina Holman, of that county. After spending some time in visiting in New England, he established his home in Chickasaw County, Iowa. As before stated, he was for many years a resident of that State, leaving it to come to this county. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis have six children: Willie, Leila, Mitchell, Mary, Albert, and Frank. A progressive, public-spirited citizen, and a careful, painstaking horticulturist, he is thoroughly in earnest in pushing forward to a successful issue every under- taking in which he engages. Politically a believer in t!ie protection of American industries, he is in full accord with the distinctive principles of the Republi- can party. f" OSEPH W. BRIGGS, deceased. The subject of this sketch was born in New York in 1832. He ^ was the son of Thomas Briggs, of New York. In his childhood his father removed to Medina County, Ohio, where our subject was reared and schooled, ob- taining such education as the schools of that date afforded. He early learned the details of the work on his father's farm in assisting in its management. He made the overland journey to California, and upon his arrival joined his brother, who resided near Marysville, the two entering into extensive fruit-cul- tivation, thus becoming pioneers of that industry in this State. He continued in this work until 1854, when he returned to Ohio, and there married, in that year. Miss Mary J. Oldes, the daughter of Albert and Mary (Bennett) Oldes, who resided in Medina County, Ohio. After a two years' stay in Ohio, he went to Franklin County, Kansas, where he pur- chased land and established himself as a farmer and stock-raiser. There he made his home for several years, in fact until, in 1862, he returned to this State, and, with his brother, John G., and his brother-in-law, Edward Haskell, entered largely into fruit-culture. His family joined him in his new home in 1863. Mr. Briggs eventually bought out the interests of his partners, and for a time managed these orchards, of hundreds of acres in extent, without other assistance than that of hired help. In 1873 he sold out these interests and came to Santa Clara County, where he bought a tract of 120 acres on the Trimble road, on Coyote Creelc, in the Midway School District. He immediately began the work of planting extensive orchards and small-fruit vines, and succeeded before his death in producing a splendid farm, upon which his widow now resides. Fifty acres were devoted to the raising of plums and prunes, twenty acres to pears, ten acres to apples, twelve acres to cherries, and the remainder to pasturage. Six acres of raspberries, and five of strawberries, were cultivated among the fruit-trees. Plenty of water is supplied by five arte- sian wells, each of which furnishes an average flow of water. These lands, being in a high state of cultiva- tion and very productive, testify to Mr. Briggs' skill in horticulture. In addition to the supervision of this large farm, Mr. Briggs engaged largely in fruit- raising near Visalia, purchasing in 1881 200 acres of land. His son, Frank T., bought 160 acres near this property, and in 1885 Mr. Briggs also acquired that tract by purchase. His design was the conversion of the whole into orchards, but his plans were destroyed by the hand of death, which occurred April 19, 1887. He left three children: Frank T, married and liv- ing in San Francisco ; John G., who married Miss Lizzie Adams, of Alviso, now a resident of San Jose; and Albert L., residing on the old homestead. He also left, besides a devoted family, a host of friends, by whom his loss was deeply felt. He was a man of great strength of character, of untiring energy, as the magnitude of his enterprises proves. He was well versed in the business affairs of life, and was thus able to bring to a successful issue his many plans. His worth in social circles was thoroughly appre- ciated, and by his death many secret organizations mourned the loss of a most useful member. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Knight Templar, and was also connected with the American Legion of Honor, Chosen Friends, Knights of Honor, and Ancient Order of United Workmen. .||OHN G. BRIGGS was born in Franklin County, ^ Kansas, December 3, 1858. He is the son of T^ Joseph W. Briggs (whose sketch appears in this connection) and Mary J. (Oldes) Briggs, a native of Ohio. When but five years of age he was brought by his parents to this State. During his youthful days, when not in school, he was employed in his father's large orchards, and thus at an early age he had become familiar with all the details of orchard culture. In his boyhood, his father had the care of extensive fruit interests near Marysville, but in 1873 he came to this county and purchased 120 acres of land near the Trimble road. He eventually im- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 573 proved loo acres of this tract, setting that portion to fruit-trees. In this work he was most ably assisted by our subject, who, as young as he was, managed this extensive property, and in time came to have sole control of it, as for many years previous to his death, in 1887, his father was occupied in the care of • his large interests near Visalia. This magnificent orchard contains about 10,000 trees, and is known far and wide as one of the finest and most productive in the county. This is due to Mr. Briggs' thorough, practical knowledge of the business to which he was trained, and the care and attention which he has devoted to the production of these telling results. Mr. Briggs is now living at San Jose, where he is engaged in settling the affairs of his father's extensive estate. In 1882 he was united in marriage with Miss Lizzie Adams, the daughter of William Francis and Mary Ann Adams, who were natives and residents of England. Mr. and Mrs. Briggs have one daughter, Edith Violet. *?^=^=^^^ IKRANK bridges resides on the San Francicso G^ road, in the Millikin School District, about four T miles west of Santa Clara, where he owns twenty acres of productive land. He devotes his entire tract, with the exception of three acres in fruit-trees, to the cultivation of grapes for wine and table use. Of the former, he has ten acres of the following kinds: Matero, Zinfandel, Grenache, and Charbano. Of the table grapes, he has seven acres of the Muscat, Mal- vasie, and Rose of Peru varieties. Mr. Bridges pays careful attention to the details of his business, and has his reward in the large yield and the excellent quality of his products. The subject of this sketch dates his birth in Glouces- ter County, England, February 19, 1843. His father, Frank Bridges, and his mother, Martha (Servis) Bridges, were natives of Greenwich, Middlesex County, England. His schooling was limited to that received before he reached twelve years of age, for at that period he entered upon an apprenticeship of three years in the carving and gilding trade. At its expira- tion, although but fifteen years of age, he enlisted in the English army in the East India service, in 1858, and his experience was somewhat out of the common run, in that almost all of his military service was in that far-off country. There he spent seven years principally in garrison duties, but engaging in several skirmishes with scattered bands of mutineers. In 1865 he returned to his native country, still re- maining in the service as a musician. During the fol- lowing year he received an honorable discharge, having spent eight years in the service of his country, in the faithful and conscientious discharge of every duty. In the same year (1866) he left England for the United States. Landing at New York, he soon ex- tended his journeying as far west as Knoxville, Ten- nessee, making that city his home for several years. While there he was engaged in the teaching of music, and, on his departure, in April, 1875, came to Califor- nia. He located in San Francisco, and followed the profession of music teaching. He made that city his home for about eight years, and then visited Santa Clara County, purchasing the property upon which he now resides. Since that time he has devoted his ener- gies and time entirely to the cultivation of his vmes and orchard. Although reared to a far different life, the qualities of careful attention to every duty and intel- ligent direction of business, which made him success- ful in other occupations, have made him a successful horticulturist. Mr. Bridges married, in 1872, Miss Edwina Hodg- son, daughter of Edwin Hodgson, of Manchester, England. They have had three children: Bertha, aged at present writing (1888) fifteen years; Herbert, aged thirteen years; and Frank, aged nine years. m'm L. CHAPMAN owns a fine orchard property •''p of fifteen acres on the Homestead road, about one mile west of Santa Clara. This orchard is in a high state of cultivation and shows great care and constant attention on the part of its owner. It comprises apricot, pear, prune, peach, plum, and cherry trees. There is also a small vineyard on the place, which furnishes a choice variety of table grapes, such as the Verdal, Black Hamburg, Mission, and Tokay. Mr. Chapman dates his birth in Cumberland County, Kentucky, August 23, 1814. He is the son of Asa and Sallie (Gosney) Chapman. He was reared to a farm life, leaving the old home at the age of eighteen years. He received such an education as was afforded by the common schools, which were con- ducted in the typical log-cabin school-house of that period. As before stated, he left home when eighteen years of age, and went to Fayette County, Kentucky, where he entered upon an apprenticeship as a black- smith. He remained there until 1833, when he went 574 PEN PICIVRES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." to Monroe County, Missouri, wtiere he worked at his trade as a journeyman for four years, establishing a shop of his own in 1837. This business he success- fully conducted until 1850, when he caught the con- tagious gold fever, which caused him to sell out his shop and start overland for California. The journey was made with ox teams, which was the prescribed mode of overland travel in that day. Upon reach- ing California, he stopped at the mines for a short time, but, not meeting with the success for which he had hoped, he went to Stockton, and there established a blacksmith shop, in which venture he was successful. In the fall of 1851 he left his shop in the charge of a competent man, and returned East, by the steamship line, and joined his family in Missouri. With his family, in the following year, he again made the over- land trip. Upon his arrival at Stockton he continued the business of blacksmithing, and also established a freighting line of teams to the mines. These enter- prises were conducted with success until 1855, in which year he established a general merchandise store in Volcano, Amador County, continuing in the mercan- tile business until 1858, when he made Solano County his home. There he entered into the combined occu- pations of farming and blacksmithing, following them until 1884, when he took possession of his Santa Clara estate. Mr. Chapman is an intelligent and energetic man, one who, for more than fifty years, has been engaged in active mechanical and business pursuits, which justly entitle him to the rest and quiet to be obtained at the comfortable home in which he is settled. He is a member of the Christian Church Society of San Jose, and is also a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Master, Royal Arch, and Knight Templar. In 1837 Mr. Chapman wedded Miss Catharine Dooley, a daughter of Job Dooley, a native of Ken- tucky, but a resident of Monroe County, Missouri. From this marriage two children were born: Sarah Frances and Lucy I. The former is the wife of Charles Horn, a native of Vermont, but now a resident of California, and the latter is the wife of Thomas Laine, an attorney at law and a resident of San Jose. Mr. Chapman's second marriage was in wedding Mrs. Eliza Ann (Forman) Burris, a former resident of Missouri. From this marriage two children are liv- ing: Martha Amanda, the wife of Thomas Proctor, of Los Gatos, and Susan D., the wife of Henry Lamp- kin, an attorney at law of San Jose. ENRY LILLICK, of the Braley District, resides =P^ on a productive farm which is located on the Saratoga and Alviso road, about three miles west of Santa Clara. His property originally comprised seventy-one acres, thirty acres of which was devoted to fruit culture, comprising peaches, prunes, apples, pears, almonds, and walnuts. This- orchard tract Mr. Lillick sold to F. J. Chambers, in 1887, retaining the remainder, forty-one acres, which he devotes to the growing of hay and grain and to stock-raising. Upon this latter tract he is now erecting a fine cottage home. The subject of this sketch was born in Wurtem- burg, Germany, in 1824. He is the son of Andrew and Catharine (Lenk) Lillick, both natives of Ger- many. In 1833 his parents came to the United States and made Holmes County, Ohio, their home, becom- ing early settlers of that section. After about seven years' residence at that place, they removed to Van Wert County, of the same State, and there spent the remainder of their lives, the father dying in 1847, and the mother in 1872, at the advanced age of eighty- four years. Mr. Lillick was brought up as a farmer, and was early inured to the hardships attendant upon the life of the early settler. His opportunities for gaining an education were limited to those presented by the primitive schools of the pioneer settlement. In 1846 he went to La Fayette County, Wisconsin, where he worked as a farm- laborer until 1849, when he started across the plains for the Golden State. Of his overland journey it may be said that he suffered the hardships common to travel of that date and mode, and until the train reached the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains nothing unusual hap- pened. But here seven of the party (among them a Mr. Roundtree, of New York) left the train to go into the mountains in search of cattle which had strayed away from their herds. None of this party were ever afterward seen or heard from, and it is supposed that they were ambushed and killed by the Indians. Upon arriving at Sacramento, Mr. Lillick left his party and went to the mines in Trinity County, where he worked until the autumn of 1850, when, not having met with the success which he had hoped for, he de- termined to return to the more congenial occupation of farming. With this in view he came to Santa Clara County, and expended all his small means in the purchase of the farm upon which he now resides. There commenced his struggle to redeem, unassisted, the bountiful land from its wild state. In 1851 he returned to the mines, being obliged to borrow the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 575 money with which to buy provisions and mining tools. This second adventure was attended with consider- able success, and with the money thus earned he was enabled to purchase a yoke of cattle, provision, seed, clothes, etc., and thus to enter into his farming opera- tions with a better chance of achieving success. This success is now assured, as his farm is in a high state of cultivation, and it is worthy of note, as indicative of the wonderful fertility of the soil, that in 1853 he harvested and sold $300 worth of grain, besides re- serving 1,400 pounds for seed purposes. In 1867 Mr. Lillick visited his old Ohio home, re- turning to Galifornia the same year. He again went to Ohio in January, 1868, remaining there until the autumn of the same year, when he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Scheli, the daughter of Henry and Mary Scheli, pioneer residents of Van Wert County, Ohio. Immediately after his marriage he returned with his bride to California,by the Panama route. Upon their arrival they at once took up their residence on their farm, which their united efforts have placed in the front rank. Three sons have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lillick: Walter Faye, aged nineteen years; Harry C, aged seventeen years; and Ira S., aged twelve years. By his untiring industry, thrifty habits, and prac- tical knowledge of his business, Mr. Lillick has ad- vanced rapidly in his chosen vocation,, and now ranks with the many prosperous and successful pioneer far- mers of Santa Clara County. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Master and Royal Arch Mason. HS^'ng)-"t sOBERT GRANT came to California in 1870, and located in Old Gilroy, where he resided for ^L a short time, then went into the mountains and engaged in dairying and stock-raising. After remaining there ten years he went upon a ranch, where he remained six months; then went to Tulare County, and six months later returned to Santa Clara County, and again engaged in stock-raising, on the Coyote Creek. There he remained until locating in Gilroy, in October, 1882. He bought out the feed- yard of W. N. Shepherd, and added to it a livery department. He usually keeps about eight or ten horses for use in his livery business. Mr. Grant is a native of Toronto, Canada, born there September 5, 1843. His parents removed, when he was a child, to Oxford, Canada, and there he re- sided until coming to California, His father, John Grant, was a farmer, and resides still at Oxford. When first coming to this State, Mr. Grant re- mained but a few months. However, on returning to Canada, he soon decided to come back to California. He was married, in this county, to Mrs. E. A. Hinch, and to them have been born three children: Maude, Samuel, and Ida. - Politically Mr. Grant is a Demo- crat. fAMES ENRIGHT was born in Limerick County, Ireland, in 1826. His parents, James and Mary V (Mann) Enright, emigrated to Canada in 1830, and purchased and conducted quite an extensive farm near Quebec. There they resided until the son was fourteen years of age, removing in 1840 to Atchi- son County, Missouri, where they continued the oc- cupation of farming. Thus Mr. Enright was thor- oughly trained in youth to the business which he has made his life-work. In Missouri his parents spent the remainder of their lives, both dying in 1845. The home was thus broken up, and in the following year Mr. Enright, accompanied by his brother Thomas and his sister Mary, crossed the plains to California. He reached the end of his journey in the Sacramento Valley, October 3, 1846, and went to the old Mission of San Jose. There he spent a few months, not in idleness, for, after manufacturing his plows himself, he seeded about thirty acres with wheat, which he eventually sold to James Reed. He also seeded and sold to Samuel Brannan thirty acres. These lands belonged to the mission, but Mr. Enright obtained permission to cultivate them. In the spring of 1847, he left the mission for San Francisco, where he engaged in teaming, taking gov- ernment transportation contracts. He transferred the stores and baggage of the famous Stevenson Regiment from the landing to the Presidio of San Francisco. He sustained a severe loss in the death of both the brother and sister who came to this State with him, his sister Mary (who had married Patrick Doyle, of San Francisco) dying at the Mis- sion of San Juan in 1848, while his brother Thomas, who was an invalid, followed her two years later, his death occurring at the Mission of San Jose. His sister Bridget, who came to California at a later date, and who married Patrick Farrell, of Mitchell County, Canada, is now a resident of San Jose. In 1847 the subject of our sketch purchased the 576 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." lands which he now occupies, a magnificent farm of 600 acres, situated on the Saratoga and Alviso road, at Lawrence Station, about three miles west of Santa Clara. Eight acres is in fruit-trees of different varie- ties, and fourteen acres in a vineyard, which furnishes a choice selection of table and wine grapes. But by far the larger part of this vast estate is given to the pro- duction of grain and hay, for which the results show the soil is well fitted. Mr. Enright also engages quite extensively in the raising of stock, principally work horses. Rebuilt a house on the land in the year that he made the purchase, it being the first one built on the farming lands of the county. In the year follow- ing his purchase (1848) he went to the mines on the American River, near the present site of Folsom, be- ing among the very first who engaged in mining in the State. He was quite successful in this venture and spent four or five months there. During the dis- turbed state of the country during these exciting times, he was compelled to use the greatest care, and he slept with a loaded rifle by his bed for months. Such volunteer forces as were in this county were of the most reckless character, disregarding all show of courtesy or fair dealing. In 1850 Mr. Enright took up a permanent resi- dence on his property, thus becoming one of the pioneer farmers of the county, as he had been a pio- neer of the State and of mining; for it must be re- membered that his coming to the State antedated the discovery of gold, and even the acquisition of the country by the United States Government. He has carried to a successful issue all his business undertak- ings, and has achieved a goodly amount of this world's goods. Without the advantage of education, he has supplied the lack by native shrewdness and thorough understanding of his business. He is well known throughout the county as one of its most suc- cessful and enterprising pioneer farmers. Mr. Enright was united in marriage, in 1850, to Miss Margaret Duncan, the daughter of Robert and Ann Duncan, natives of Scotland, but residents of San Francisco. They came to this State in 1846, by way of Cape Horn. From this marriage eleven chil- dren were born, nine being now living. Mary Ann, the wife of John G. Robertson, lives at Santa Cruz; Frances is the wife of Dr. James Murphy, of San Francisco; Charles is a physician in San Francisco; James E., Margaret, Joseph D., John B., Nellie, and Louisa G. make their home with their parents. Robert D. died in i88i, at the age of twenty-five years. fOHN KLEE is the owner of a fine ranch of 150 _^ acres in the Cambrian District, on the Kirk road, ^ five miles a little west of south of San Jose. He bought the property in the autumn of 1868, it having been somewhat improved prior to his purchase, but much in need of repair. Mr. Klee has removed all appearance of neglect, and has- added many building improvements. The fences, with the exception of 500 yards, have been rebuilt, a barn 62x80 feet has been erected, while the house has been almost entirely reconstructed. The ranch is successfully devoted to general farming and stock-raising. The subject of our sketch was born in Germany, June 24, 1832. He was orphaned in his youth, and when nineteen years of age he left his native home, to follow many of his countrymen to the United States, the hope of the poor man of many a far-off land. From the spring of 1852 to that of 1856 he lived in Rochester, New York. He then came to California, and made the Sacramento Valley his home for twelve years or more, with the exception of one year, which he spent in New York. On the nineteenth of April, 1868, Mr. Klee was united in marriage with Miss Mary Vollmer, daughter of George and Margaret (Hilbert) Vollmer, both of whom are natives of Germany. Mrs. Klee was born in Rochester, New York, June 15, 1843, coming to California in 1866. Her father is deceased, but her mother yet lives in her old home, Rochester. Mr. and Mrs. Klee are consistent members of the Catholic Church. They commenced their married life with but little capital, except strong hands and willing hearts, with a determination to merit success by industry and frugality. That success they have won by well-directed effort. They may well feel that they have gained not only a fair share of temporal prosperity, but also the confidence and esteem of their neighbors and acquaintances. Jk|ATHAN L. LESTER, of whose fine fruit c^*^ orchard mention must be made, lives on the T corner of Lincoln and Curtner Avenues, in the Willow Glen District. This orchard, of thirty-one and two-fifths acres, he bought of F. A. Taylor, in January, 1884, paying $13,000 for it. Several kinds of cherries, French and Silver prunes, egg-plums, pears, apricots, and peaches are among the varieties. Owing to good care, the orchard has been productive and profitable. <^ ckxdLtte,, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 577 Mr. Lester was born in Ledyard,New London County, Connecticut, January i, 1843, the son of Isaac A. and Mary (Chapman) Lester, both of whom are natives of the same town. His mother died at the old home- stead, where his father still lives. Nathan L. is the eldest of three brothers living in this district. Their names are: William I. and Samuel W. The names of the other members of his father's family are as fol- lows: Amos, living in Connecticut, but having spent seven years in this State; Mary Jane, also a resident of Connecticut; Henry Clay, who died in Connecti- cut, at the age of six years; Jonathan F., who spent six years in California, but now resides in Connecti- cut; Frank L., who came West in 1869, and died in November, 1876, at Salt Lake City; Walter, who died in infancy; Sarah Emma, also deceased; and Edward E., a resident of Connecticut. Nathan was reared to a farm life, receiving a good common-school education. On the twenty-fourth of May, 1872, he married, in his native town. Miss Sarah E. Spicer, daughter of Judge Edmund Spicer. She was born in the neighborhood in which her husband was reared. Mr. Lester came to California in 1861, and engaged in wheat rai-^ing in Napa County. He lived here six or seven years, and then returned East, where he remained until 1883. In September of that year he became a resident of Santa Clara County, where he bought his present home in the January following. Mr. and Mrs. Lester have four children living: Alice L., Nathan S., William W., and George E. Emma, the fourth child, died October 16, 1886, at the age of five years and three months. Mr. Lester and his wife are members of the Con- gregational Church of Ledyard, Connecticut. He is a man of thrift and economy, as his present pros- perity shows, and has been fortunate enough to secure a good share of this world's goods. Is a Republican in his political sympathies. Campbell T. settle. President of the Far- mers' Union, owns and occupies a beautiful home on the corner of Willow Street and Lincoln Avenue, in the Willows. He there owns fifteen acres of land, the last of a tract of 200 acres purchased by him in i860, for $10 an acre for that which was in the Willows, and $20 for the cleared land. This land he cultivated for some years in grain, but when he felt the country was ready for it, Mr. Settle placed a good 73 example before the large landholders of California by dividing his place into ten-acre tracts, and selling them to people to plant out in orchards, in which di- rection he had already been a pioneer, having at dif- ferent times planted orchards on several parts of this tract. He was likewise prominent in building a street railway into the heart of this tract, connecting with the business center of San Jose. This enabled him to sell all these tracts at largely enhanced values, some as high as $1,000 per acre. One of the good results to the community from this was an increase of valu- able population, while the taxes, which were only about $50 on the whole tract, are now $150 on his fif- teen acres and imorovements, while the income from that 200 acres in fruit is almost equal to that of the whole surrounding of San Jose at that time. Mr. Settle was born in Jefferson County, Indiana, in 1825, his parents removing from Kentucky in 1812 and settling near Madison, Indiana. That country was a perfect wilderness at the time, the people re- siding there being obliged frequently to retire before the Indians, abandon their homes, and cross back into Kentucky, returning to their farms when these troubles had subsided. His parents were Henry and Jane (Thompson) Settle. His mother dying when he was but three years of age, his father removed in 183.6 to Greene County, Illinois, about eighteen miles from Jacksonville, remained there until 1838, when he re- moved to Des Moines County, Iowa, where he lived until his death, in 1845. Mr. Settle remained on the farm until his twenty-fourth year, when he crossed the plains in 1849 to California. Returning in 1852 to Iowa, he removed the remainder of the family to Oregon, which he had visited on his first trip to the Pacific Coast. They remained in Oregon four years, raising wheat and stock and planting an orchard. Disliking the constant rains of winter there, he re- turned to California in 1857, coming at once to San Jose, and engaged in farming on rented land. In i860 he purchased the 200 acres above referred to, on which he raised grain for several years. Mr. Settle early became interested in fruit-drying, being one of a company that owned an Alden dryer. They dried about fifteen tons of prunes and sent them to Chicago, probably the first shipment ever sent East. During that season there was an immense importation of prunes from Germany, which brought the price very low, they receiving but six cents to nine cents per pound, while freight was two cents per pound, leaving very small results to the grower. Mr. Settle was married, in 1852, in Iowa, to Miss 578 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." Ellen Cottle, of Burlington, that State. There were two children born to them: Josie, now the wife of Frank Strong, and living in Los Angeles, and one that died in infancy. Mr. Settle is President of the Farmers' Union, a large mercantile establishment of San Jose. He is also interested in the Agricultural Works of San Jose. Is a member of Lodge No. 34, L O. O. F., Republican in his political views, and a believer in a high protect- ive tariff. Mr. Settle was elected Mayor of San Jose in 1884, the first Republican elected to that office for fifteen years. He was largely supported by the best elements of the Democratic party. F. ALLEY, whose orchard home is situated on the Almaden road, about two miles south of the court-house at San Jose, established his present residence in 1882, when he purchased the property of John Paine. Fourteen acres is set with fruit-trees, the larger part of which Mr. Alley himself planted. The leading fruits are apricots and prunes, although a general variety of fruit is produced. For irrigation a ten-horse-power engine is used, which is capable of throwing from a well 600 gallons per minute. The residence is commodious and conven- ient, embowered and shaded by beautiful plants and fine trees, — a typical rural home. The subject of our sketch dates his birth at Nan- tucket, Massachusetts, in 1824. He is the son of Obed and Susan (Chase) Alley, and is able to trace his ancestry back to the Pilgrim Fathers. At Nan- tucket, in 1 85 1, he wedded Miss Phoebe Bunker, the daughter of Asa G. and Mary (Ray) Bunker. Her father was from an old New England family of En- glish extraction, while her mother was of Scotch de- scent. While yet a lad Mr. Alley became a sailor. From 1839 to 1851 he spent most of the time on whaling vessels, the scene of whose operations was the North Pacific. He passed every grade from a sailor be- fore the mast to master of a vessel. His last sea voyage was as master of the merchant vessel Maria of Nan- tucket, which, clearing at New York in November, 1850, made the port of San Francisco in June, 185 1. Off Cape Horn the vessel was held back by head winds fifty-six days. The season of 185 1 was spent in placer mining in Calaveras County. Thence he went to Contra Costa County, where his wife, coming by the Isthmus route, joined him in March, 1853. He made his home in that county until 1874, much of the time being engaged in public business, serving either as County Treasurer or County Assessor for ten years. He was also engaged in stock and dairy farming while a resident of Contra Costa County. After re- moving to San Francisco, in 1874, he was employed for several years as deputy in the offices of the County Treasurer, Assessor, and other county officials. Mrs. Alley is well-known as a natural or magnetic healer. She was in active, successful practice in San Francisco for eight years, — a practice lucrative and pleasant, because of the good she wrought in hun- dreds of cases. She now confines her practice to the friends who come to her home for treatment. Both Mr. and Mrs. Alley are, to a certain degree, resting from their labors, and leading a somewhat retired life- Their only child, Susie, is now the wife of Willis D. Eitel, who resides at the homestead and manages the property. Mr. and Mrs. Alley are members of the San Jose Grange, Patrons of Husbandry. Mr. Alley is identified with the Republican party, with whose principles he is thoroughly in accord. lAUL LARSON, one of the most extensive wool producers of the county, owns forty and one-half acres, situated on the northeast corner of the Kifer road and Wilcox Lane, in the Jefferson Dis- trict, two miles northwest of the business center of Santa Clara. His ranch is devoted principally to the raising of hay and stock, the latter comprising 200 head of nearly full-bred Merino sheep, which yield annually about four pounds of fine wool per head. About three acres are devoted to fruit trees, princi- pally Bartlett pears, with the addition of a few apples and plums. Two artesian wells furnish a plentiful supply of water for all purposes. Mr. Larson is a native of Denmark, having been born near Aalborge, June 6, 1831. He is the son of Lars Paulson and Anna (Anderson) Paulson, both natives of Denmark. His father died when he was but three years old, and his mother married Gre- grais Nelson. At the age of seven years the death of his mother left him to the care of his step-father, who, despite the boy's tender years, put him to the hardest tasks of farm labor, at the same time depriving him of all schooling facilities. This continued until he was twelve years old, when he was taken to live with his uncle, James Andersen. In this happier home he re- mained for two years, and then sought work on farms. This he obtained and engaged in for four years. After BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 579 reaching eighteen years of age he devoted five years, with the exception of one year spent in the military service, to learning the carpenter's and cabinet-maker's trades. He thoroughly mastered these trades, and until 1858 worked at them in bis native country. In the la.st-named year he came to the United States, and, landing at New York, proceeded directly to Mil- waukee, Wisconsin. He stayed there, however, but two months, before going to Racine, in the same State. That city he made his home for about two years, en- gaged in working at his trade. In the autumn of 1858 — after having worked at various things, such as farm- ing, railroading, and lumbering — he went to Memphis, Tennessee. Four years were spent there in the work of a wheelwright. During the last year of his stay in Memphis, Mr. Larson was subjected to considerable persecution, and, had it not been for his usefulness as a wheelwright, he would have been forced to enter the Confederate army. When the taking of Memphis by the Union troops enabled him to go North he em- braced the opportunity, taking a cargo of sugar to St. Louis in the autumn of 1862. After disposing of his sugar he spent a few months in East St. Louis, and then went to Columbus, Kentucky, where he estab- lished himself as a wheelwright While there he was also employed in the government works at building and repairing gun carriages. In the autumn of 1863 he took the Isthmus route to California, and, soon after his arrival in San Fran- cisco, opened a wheelwright's shop, which he con- ducted for two years. Changing his residence to Dublin, Amador Valley, Alameda County, he there conducted profitably the same business until 1870^ when he entered into sheep-raising and wool-growing, near Livermore, in the county above mentioned. Success attended his efforts during the first five years, his flocks increasing from 800 to over 5,000 head. Then came a series of years, in which his losses were very heavy, and, discouraged by these reverses, in 18^9 he sold out and removed to Santa Clara County, and settled upon the property (described at the be- ginning of this sketch) which he had purchased two years before. Mr. Larson never was married, and therefore has no family to record. Politically he is a stanch Re- publican, deeply interested in the public affairs of the country of his adoption. Enterprising, industrious, and honest in his dealings with his fellow-men, he is worthy of the respect in which he is held by his neighbors. fOHN P. KOCH, residing on Curtner Avenue, in the Willow District, is the owner of a splendid ^ orchard, of eleven acres, which he purchased in 1885, paying $750 per acre. He is amply supplied for irrigation by a pump, which has a capacity of 800 gallons per minute, using a fifteen-horse power. This fine orchard is in full bearing, being seven years old this season (1888). It produces ' cherries, prunes, apricots, and peaches. In 1887 loi peach trees yielded a crop which sold for $602. The fruit was exceptionally fine, averaging two and a half inches in diameter. The orchard, in 1887, yielded a revenue, above all expenses, of over $1,400. In 1886 Mr. Koch bought of the McGarry estate, a three-year-old orchard of nine and a half acres, in apricots and peaches. He also has an interest in one of the fine properties in the Sacramento Valley, of 100 acres, which is all in fruit. Mr. Koch is a native of Holland, in which country he was born in January, 1855. He was reared and educated in Germany, but at nineteen years of age went to South Africa, where for several years he led an active business life. He was unfortunate enough to suffer a sunstroke, which made a change of some kind absolutely indispensable to a man of his active habits. He therefore left that tropical country and in February, 1885, became identified with the horti- cultural interests of Santa Clara County. Mr. Koch married, in Capetown, South Africa, in May, 1878. The birthplaces of his three children in- dicate somewhat his active busy life, with its frequent changes of residence. His eldest child was born in Holland, the second in South Africa, while the youngest claims London as the place of his nativity. Mr. Koch is a thoroughly enthusiastic horticultur- ist, understanding and enjoying his work. His or- chards were well started when he purchased them, and their thrifty condition and the abundant harvests which they yield are strong evidences of the good care which he gives them. His brother, Robert D. Koch (born in Holland, in 1864), owns and resides upon an estate of eleven acres, which adjoins his on the west. This property Mr. R. D. Koch bought of J. C. Arthur, in December, 1885, and for it he paid $4,500. The orchard is now seven years old, and comprises cherry, prune, peach, apricot and a few plum trees. It is very thrifty, and has proved a prof- itable investment. A sister of John P. and Robert D. Koch, Miss Ellie Ann Koch, owns ten acres on the corner of Plummer Avenue and the Foxworthy road. This 580 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." orchard is four years old, and consists of peach, prune, and plum trees. Miss Koch purchased this property in March, 1888, paying for it $7,750. These three representatives of the Koch family may well be con- sidered fortunate in the possession of such valuable estates in so enjoyable a country as California, with its equable climate and fertile soil. ^HOMAS KELTY, the owner of a fine grain farm of seventy acres, resides on the Almaden road, three miles south of the city limits of San Jose. He was born in County Roscommon, Ire- land, in December, 1840, and is the son of Garret and Honora Kelty. Coming to America, the land of pos- sibilities for a poor man, he landed at Boston, Decem- ber 22, 1868. Thence he went directly to Orange County, New York. In November of the same year he came to Santa Clara County, where he worked as a laborer upon rented land. He waited only to earn enough to buy a farm for himself By economy and hard work, he was able to accomplish his purpose, in 1873, when he bought twenty-five acres, near his present home. Selling this property shortly, he bought, in partnership with Michael Ryan, 133 acres, which they divided in 1876. Mr. Kelty retained sev- enty acres, which he devotes successfully to the pro- duction of grain. In 1876 he married Miss Amelia Cunningham, a native of Ireland. They have five children: Garrett, Mary, James, Thomas, and Jeremiah. The family are members of the Catholic Church. After his mother's death in Ireland, his father, with his family, moved to Cheshire County, England, where Thomas parted with them. Mr. Kelty was reared to a farm life, and never has followed any other occupation regularly. Coming to the United States a poor man, with no capital but strong hands and a stout heart, he now owns a good farm, for which he paid $100 to $125 per acre. He may justly feel that he realizes the re- ward of his labor in the fact that he is now in inde- pendent circumstances. ^ILLIAM O. COTTLE was born in Burlington, Iowa, August 14, 1850. In 1854 he crossed the plains with his father, Ira Cottle (whose biogra- phy appears elsewhere in this volume), settling first near Evergreen, Santa Clara County, but after- ward in the Willows. There the father and son have since resided. After attending the public schools, Mr. Cottle completed his education in the Vincen- haler's Commercial College, from which institution he is a graduate. August 8, 1874, he was united in marriage to Miss Fannie Rountree, a native of Butte County, Califor- nia, who was born April 16, 1855. Mr. and Mrs. Cot- tle are surrounded by three bright and interesting children: Zoe, Clara H., and Walter E., aged twelve, eleven, and three years respectively. Mr. Cottle is comfortably situated in the Willows, on eighteen acres of Santa Clara's choicest soil, which he has devoted to peach and prune culture. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. He is a member of En- terprise Lodge A. O. U. W. — -^M^-^-^ — ^OBERT MENZEL, a dealer in hardware, tin- ware, house furnishing wares, and a plumber, of Santa Clara, was born in Prussia, June 16, 1848. At the age of twelve years he was brought to America by his parents, who settled at Mayville, Wisconsin, where he served an apprenticeship to learn the trade of tinner. He afterward worked at his trade at Milwaukee one year and five years at Chicago. In 1869 he came to California, being a pas- senger on one of the first trains that passed over the Union Pacific,landing at Sacramento, where he worked as a tinner until the following year; then coming to San Jose, he worked here until 1875, when he came to Santa Clara. Here he made his first venture in busi- ness as a hardware merchant. He has built up an extensive trade, and although starting out on a small scale, with only what little capital he had accumulated by his earnings, his business has so increased that he now employs, in its various departments, five men; and his success financially is the result of hard work and promptness in business. Besides being an energetic business man, he has also taken an interest in the welfare and advancement of Santa Clara, and has served the public two years as a member of the Board of Trustees, three years as Treasurer, two years as a member of the Board of Education, and at this writing is serving his second term as School Superintendent. Politically he is a Republican. He is a prominent Free Mason, and is a member of Friendship Lodge, No. 210, A. F. & A. M., of Howard Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M., and San Jose Commandery, No. 10, K. T., all of San Jose. He has served his lodge five years as Worshipful Master, and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 581 at present is Scribe of his Chapter and Junior Warden of his Commandery. In 1 87 1 he was married, at San Jose, to Miss Ellen Teaford, daughter of Elijah and Sarah (Dull) Teaford, a native of Virginia. They have five children: Annie, Henry, George, Frank, and Pearl. WILLIAM MURPHY, one of the prominent farmers in the Milpitas School District, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1824. His parents, Thomas and Mary (Brennan) Murphy, were natives of Westmeath County, Ireland, who emig:rated to the United States about 1814, and in 1839 located in Des Moines County, Iowa, where his father followed the occupation of a farmer. Mr. Murphy was reared as a farmer upon his father's farm until twenty years of age; he then worked at the carpenter's trade for about three years, after which he worked as a boatman on the Mississippi River for a season; returning to his trade, he followed that calling until 1859. In the latter year he came across the plains to California and located in Placer County, where he removed in September. He immediately took up the occupation of a miner, and was engaged as such, in Placer and other counties, until 1859. Leaving the mines, he went to San Francisco, where he married Miss Julia Aspal, a resident of that city, and shortly after moved to Santa Clara County, lo- cating in Santa Clara Township. Upon his arrival he began teaming and freighting, principally between Santa Clara and Alviso. In 1870 the death of his wife occurred, and shortly after he entered into farm- ing operations on the south side of the Milpitas and Alviso roads, about one mile west of the Milpitas road, upon the lands of Mrs. Mary Shaunnessy, the widow of Edward Shaunnessy, a pioneer of the county. In 1 87 1 he married this lady, since which time he has been engaged in farm occupation. Mr. Murphy has a farm containing ninety acres, which he is devot- ing to general farming. His extensive vegetable cul- tivation occupies twenty acres, among which is ten acres of asparagus. He has also six acres of Sharpless strawberries, and six acres of orchard, the principal production of which are pears. This fruit matures finely, and is very productive upon his land. Under the above cultivation his lands require irrigation, and for this purpose he has two flowing artesian wells, one of which furnishes a magnificent supply of water, flowing fully six inches abovea seven-inch pipe. The remainder of his farm is devoted to hay, grain, and stock; among the latter he has some thorough-bred Norman and Percheron horses. By Mr. Murphy's first marriage there are three children: George H., Mary E., and John W. Mary E. married Nicholas Whalen; they are living near Milpitas. George H. and John W., both enterprising and energetic young men, are residing at home and are conducting the farm operations. The failing health of Mr. Murphy during the past few years has compelled his retirement from active life; but his sons have proved themselves his able successors in tlie cul- tivation of these lands. Mr. Murphy is an intelligent and well-read gentleman, one who takes a great inter- est in all that pertains to the prosperity and growth of Santa Clara County. Himself and family are con- sistent members of the Catholic Church. Politically he may be styled an Independent, his intelligent criti- cism of public men and measures being well worthy of attention. KS^-pg)-« ;DWARD myall was born in Dorsetshire England, July 11, 1812. His parents, Jeremiah and Ann (Kimber) Myall, were natives of En- gland. At the age of ten years he was put to work at the calling of his father, shoemaking, and was thus deprived of nearly all schooling facilities. He continued at this trade until 1830, when he came to the United States. Landing in New York, he was engaged at his trade until 1838, when he returned to England, and while there married Miss Rachel Law- rence, a native of Dorsetshire, England. In 1840 he returned to the United States and after working a short time in Maysville, Kentucky, located near Paris, Bourbon County, in that State, and engaged in business in the boot and shoe trade. In 1843 his wife and child joined him here. Mr. Myall successfully conducted his business there for many years, rearing and educating a large family, and became one of the representative men of Bourbon County. In the years 1866 and 1867 he was a member of the Kentucky State Legislature from Bourbon County, an office which he filled to the credit of him- self and his constituents. In 1878 Mr. Myall, feeling the need of a change of climate, and desirous of retiring from active business pursuits, came to Santa Clara County and took up his residence about a half mile west of the Santa Clara and Alviso road, in the Parker School District, about 582 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." two miles north of Santa Clara, at which point he is the owner of eighty acres of productive land. With the exception of a small family orchard, his farm is devoted to the raising of hay, grain, and stock. Among the latter mention may be made of some thorough-bred Jersey cattle, also of full-bred trotting horses of the Hambletonian breed. He has tvi^o flow- ing artesian wells upon his land, producing an abun- dance of water for stock, domestic, and irrigation pur- poses. On his irrigated land is ten acres of alfalfa, which yields over five tons per acre each year. Mr. Myall has a comfortable cottage home, which he has surrounded by beautiful and well-ordered grounds, in which he takes a justly deserved pride, as it is mostly the work of his own hands. The beautiful shaded avenue leading to his house, the walks, roads, hedges, etc., are all improvements that he has perfected in the past ten years. The many rare and beautiful flowers and trees which he has collected and tended, show him to be a horticulturist of no mean order. In this work he has been ably assisted by his daugh- ter Elizabeth. Mr. Myall is a consistent member of the Methodist Church, taking a great interest in its welfare. He is also a member of Lodge No. 23, I. O. O. F., of Bourbon County, Kentucky. Politically he is Democratic. Mr. Myall's success in life, the high position he has held in the communities in which he has resided, has been the result of the straight- forward, manly qualities that are natural to his dis- position, rather than to any advantages he received from educational facilities in early life. He is a desir- able neighbor, and much respected in the commu- nity in which he resides. igltf. D. STONE. Among the beautiful residence s^is and productive orchard properties in the Hamil- T ton School District is that of Mr. Stone, located on Moorpark Avenue, about three miles southwest of the business center of San Jose. The beautiful resi- dence, with about nine acres of land, is the property of Mrs. Stone; but adjoining this, on the east, is a highly productive orchard of fifteen acres, owned by Mr. Stone. This orchard is under the immediate supervision of Captain Cash, and shows great care and attention on his part in its cultivation. This orchard, with the exception of 150 walnut trees, is devoted to French prunes, the trees being six years old. Mr. Stone, in connection with his mother, Mrs. S. B. Stone, also owns forty-three acres located on the Mountain View and Prospect road, in the Lincoln School District, eight miles southwest of San Jose. This valuable land is devoted to orchard and vine- yard purposes, fifteen acres being planted with French prunes; the balance — with the exception of that por- tion occupied by a family orchard and residence — is in vines, producing wine-grapes of the most valuable varieties. A beautiful residence, combining. all the comforts and conveniences of modern houses, and commodious and well-ordered out-buildings, is upon this place. "ICHAEL R. SULLIVAN was born in St. Edwards County, Canada East, in 1837. His 1^^ parents, Patrick G. and Bridget (Madigan) Sul- livan (whose history appears in this volume), were natives of Ireland, who emigrated to Canada, and afterward, in 185 1, came overland to California, and located in Santa Clara County in 1852. His father was extensively engaged in farming, stock- raising, and dairy pursuits, to which occupations Mr. Sullivan was reared, receiving such schooling as the public schools afforded. . He worked upon his father's farm until 1873. In October of this year he married Miss Bridget Commons, a sister of William Com- mons, a resident of San Jose. In the same year he established himself in the grocery business in San Jose, in partnership with J. Carmichael, under the, firm name of Carmichael & Sullivan, and afterward under the name of Able, Carmichael & Sullivan. This business was successfully conducted until 1876. He then established a grocery store in East San Jose, and continued in that business until 1879. In this latter year he went into the employ of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company as a foreman upon construction work, — a portion of the time being employed in Ari- zona. He was engaged with this company until 1881. He then entered the employ of the Santa Clara Val- ley Mill and Lumber Company, where he was en- gaged until August, 1886. In this year he estab- lished a grocery store at the corner of Santa Clara and San Pedro Streets, San Jose, in partnership with his brother-in-law, William Commons, under the firm name of Commons & Co., and has since been engaged in that business. Mr. Sullivan is the owner of the resi- dence on the corner of Santa Clara and McLaughlin Avenues, East San Jose. He has for many years been identified with the business interests of Santa Clara County, and has always been a public-spirited BIOGRAPHICAL 8KE1CHE8. 583 and progressive citizen, greatly interested in all enter- prises that tended to promote the growth and welfare of the community in which he resides. Politically he is a liberal Democrat, and, though ne\'cr aspiring to office, has always taken a deep interest in the best elements of his party. Himself and family are con- sistent members of the Catholic Church. Mr. and Mrs. Sullivan are the parents of six chil- dren, namely: Charles J., William R., Frank T., Er- nest, Mary, and Silvia G. >H4^>§f^-H Daniel S. LUNDY. Among the older resi- dents of the Berryessa District is the subject of this sketch, a brief history of whom is as fol- lows: Mr. Lundy was born in Grayson, Virginia, September 14, 1829. His parents, Azariah and Eliza- beth (Holder) Lundy, were natives of Virginia. His father was a blacksmith, and while Mr. Lundy was a mere lad moved to Surry County, North Carolina, where he established himself as a farmer. To this calling the subject of this sketch was reared until able to work in his father's blacksmith shop. He then learned the trade of blacksmith. He worked with his father until twenty-two years of age, and then, in 185 1, located in Buchanan County, Missouri. There he worked at farming and at his trade until 1853. In the spring of the latter year he started with an emigrant train, overland, for California. Arriving in Sacramento in August of the same year, he came im- mediately to Santa Clara County, and took up his residence in San Jose, and commenced work at his trade. In 1855 Mr. Lundy married Miss Emily C. Ogan, daughter of Alexander and Sarah Ogan, residents of Santa Clara County, and in the same year moved to a tract near Berryessa, belonging to his father-in-law. For two years he was engaged there in farming and working at his trade. In 1857 he built a shop (now owned by Philip Anderson) in Berryessa, and estab- lished himself as a blacksmith. In i860, when seces- sion talk and feeling were strong and party feeling bitter, Mr. Lundy, although of Southern birth, took a decided stand for the Union; and that all might know his sentiments he erected a liberty pole in front of his shop, and for months the "old flag" flying thereon was a witness to his loyalty. The flag was made by his wife from flannel he purchased for the purpose, but it was loved and respected as though of the finest bunting or silk. In 1861 he sold out his shop and moved to the corner of the Berryessa road and Lundy's Lane, where he has since resided. Mr. Lundy owns twelve acres at this point, which is de- voted to hay and stock purposes. He is also the owner of 240 acres of hill land located in the Mount Hamilton School District. This land is used exclu- sively for stock-raising. Among the latter he has some fine horses of the "Belmont," " Patchen," and "Rattler'' breeds. He also devotes considerable at- tention to cattle-raising, among which are some ex- cellent Durham stock. Mr. Lundy is a Democrat in politics, but is very liberal and conservative in his views, and his political actions are guided more by men and their principles than by party feeling. During his long residence in the Berryessa District he has always taken an interest in its prosperity, and is a firm believer in the future wealth that is in store for his section of the county. Mrs. Lundy died in 1876. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Lundy there are five children living, viz.: Isaac F., Martha A., Ida B., Louisa, and Charles H. PW. DARLING was born in Missisquoi County, Province of Quebec, Canada, December 28, 1834. M^ His father, Stephen P. Darling, was a native of Vermont; his mother, Mary (Cleveland) Dar- ling, was born in Connecticut, and was the daughter of Charles Cleveland, a soldier of the Revolution, and a descendant of Moses Cleveland, who emigrated from England in 1610, and settled near Woburn, Massa- chusetts. Mr. Darling's father was engaged in mer- cantile pursuits, and he was brought up to this calling until the age of eighteen years; he then engaged in the manufacture of whalebone, learning his trade in Boston, Massachusetts. He followed this occupation until 1859, when he came to California, and after a year spent in Sierra County, engaged in extensive stock-raising in Tehama County. This calling oc- cupied his attention until .1867, in which year he came to Santa Clara County and purchased 600 acres of land near Gilroy. There he was engaged in farm- ing, stock-growing, and dairy business for about a year. He then removed to Milpitas, and entered into the mercantile business with Calvin Valpey, Jr., and continued there until 1879. In 1875 Mr. Darling erected the Milpitas grain warehouses; he also took the agency of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, and Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, in 1871, and has conducted the business of these companies in Mil- 584 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." pitas since that date. In 1884 his warehouses were burned. The fire was caused by an incendiary, and in rebuilding Mr. DarHng provided against further van- dalism of that character by erecting fire-proof build- ings. His present warehouses are entirely roofed and cased with corrugated iron, and are the first ware- houses of this character built in the State. His grain warehouse has a storage capacity for 4,000 tons, while the warehouse devoted to hay will store 1,500 tons. He is quite extensively engaged in the wholsale hay and grain trade, and is also the owner of 100 acres of productive land situated just east of Milpitas, upon which he i.s raising grain. In 185s he married Miss Abbie Churchill, the daughter of Deacon Nathaniel and Abbie (Valpey) Churchill, residents of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, but citizens of the United States. From this marriage there has been one son born, who died in infancy. Mr, Darling's extensive business operations have made him well known throughout the section in which he resides, and he has been closely identified with all measures tending to advance the interests of Milpitas. He is a Justice of the Peace of his township; is a prominent member of the Baptist Church, and polit- ically is a strong and consistent Republican. ^w?^ IpiRED DREISCHMEYER was born in Germany (s^ in 1850. His parents, Gustav and Wilemine T Dreischmeyer, emigrated to the United States in 1852, and located at Chicago, where his father pursued his calling, that of brick-maker, until his death, which occurred in 1854. His mother also died in the same year. The family thus orphaned had a severe struggle for maintenance, and when but a mere lad Mr. Dreischmeyer was employed during the summer season in the brick-yards, at such work as he was able to perform, attending school in the winter months. He was employed in the yards at Chicago until eighteen years of age, becoming thor- oughly versed in all the practical branches of his trade as a brick-maker. In 1870 he came to Santa Clara County, and was engaged as a foreman in the brick-yards of Michael Farrell, at Gilroy, until 1871. He spent the next two years working in the Redwoods. In 1873 and 1874 he rented a farm near the Twenty-one Mile House, on the Monterey road, and followed the occupation of a farmer during those years. He then worked at his trade as a journeyman until 1879, when he was employed as a foreman in the brick-yard of Michael Farrell for two years. In 1882, in connection with W. P. Dougherty and D. Corkery, he established the San Jose Brick Company, since incorporated under that name. Since that time Mr. Dreischmeyer has had the immediate charge and supervision of the two yards located on the South Pacific Coast Railroad, three miles south of San Jose. Mr. Dreischmeyer has devoted nearly all his life to brick manufacture, and is thoroughly skilled in all the practical details of his calling. This knowledge, combined with his en- ergetic and sound business management, is rendering the enterprise a profitable investment. The San Jose Brick Company's brick-yards comprise one of the most important industries in the county, they being the largest manufacturers of brick in the county, and among the largest in the State. The magnitude of the business may be shown by a few facts. In 1887 the product of their yards was over 23,000,000 of brick, employing in their manufacture nearly 200 men. They consumed nearly 10,000 cords of wood in that year, which also furnished employment for a large force of men. The products of their yards, except what is used in the county, are sent to the San Francisco market, though their pressed brick is sent to nearly all important points on the Pacific Coast. -1,0HN MAC H ADO resides on the San Jose and ^ Alviso road, at the junction of the Montague ^ road, in the Midway School District, about six miles north of San Jose, at which point he is the owner of sixteen acres of land, two acres of which is planted with grape-vines of the Mission variety. The rest of his land is devoted to the raising of hay and grain. He is also the owner of a saloon and billiard- room on the corner. The subject of this sketch was born at Fayal, Azores Islands, in 1831. His parents, Manuel and Francisco Carlota Machado, were natives and resi- dents of the place of his birth. His father was a farmer and saloon-keeper, in which occupations he was reared until the age of fifteen years, when he came to the United States, landing in New London, Connecticut. From this point he was engaged for the next three years on a whaling voyage. In Decem- ber, 1850, he shipped on an American vessel bound for San Francisco, arriving there in April, 1851. Soon after his arrival in California, he located in o t/5 Pi O Pil w ?- p< c I h P c z ■< Q Pi < HI u o tlf u w Q I—" w p^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 585 Placer County, and for more than a year was engaged in mining. He then removed to San Pablo, Contra Costa County, and followed the calling of a farmer for about three years. Returning to the mines, he pursued that occupation in Georgetown and in Tuol- umne County, until 1865. In this latter year he visited his old home in the Azore Islands, and while there married Miss Vescencia Ignacia Gracia, the daughter of Manuel and Vescencia (Ignacia) Gracia, who were natives of that place. He then returned to the United States, accompanied by his bride, and located in Santa Clara County, where he engaged in farm labor until 1873, in which year he rented the Willows Fountain on the San Jose and Milpitas road, three miles north of San Jose. He was the proprietor of this well-known resort for the next twelve years. In 1885 he- moved to his present resi- dence. Mr. Machado, by his industry and strict attention to his business, has succeeded in placing himself in comfortable circumstances. He takes a deep interest in the country of his adoption, and particularly in the prosperity of Santa Clara County. In politics he is Democratic, but exercises an intelligent discretion in his support of men and measures. j_@^.pg>- £RS. SARAH T. INGALL, whose two or- >:..„- chards, one of twelve acres, on Cherry Avenue, ^^ and one of four and one-half acres, on Hicks I. Avenue, are considered monuments of a woman's success in fruit-growing, deserves more than a passing notice. She has fully proven that in no field pf action can a woman of refinement, possessing the necessary capital and executive ability, reap a more satisfactory reward than in that of fruit-growing in the Santa Clara Valley. Purchasing the home place on Cherry Avenue, in 1875, and that on Hicks Avenue at a later date, she has so developed them that the result is a beautiful home, a liberal in- come, and an independent existence. The places are planted in prunes cherries, and apricots. In 1887 from these two places the apricots and cherries sold for about $S,ooo, including the prunes still on hand. She has had lately erected a large drying-house with a capacity of four and a half tons per day. Mrs. Ingall had originally purchased and used a steam boiler and pump for. irrigating the orchard when re- quired, which she leairned to manage with the aid of a Chinaman, and 'found ■ invaluable, as it increased 74 largely the volume of the fruit crop. She now pur- chases water from the large irrigating works of her neighbor, Mr. Geiger. Born in New York city, she passed most of her early youth at the family home at Charlestown, Mas- sachusetts, attending school for some years later at the Convent of the Visitation at Washington, D. C. Her parents were Capt. Geo. W. and Rebecca (Hawkes) Taylor, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Lynn, Massachusetts. Mrs. Ingall is a widow with one son, George Taylor Ingall, now in his thirteenth year, attending school in the Willows. She is the only daughter of her parents. Her father, Captain Taylor, was a man of wonderful inventive genius, improving the diving-bell of his day by sev- eral valuable inventions, and later invented the Taylor Submarine Armor, the first submarine apparatus after the diving-bell that was practically successful. He was an intimate friend of Professor Morse, inventor of the telegraph, and of Goodyear, whose inventions have made India rubber and its combinations so val- uable. These three were mutual confidantes in their various inventions, all equally struggling to accom- plish great results with limited means. Finally, Cap- tain Taylor took Goodyear along on a submarine diving expedition on the coast of Florida, which gave both a financial start. After devoting himself for years to the use and improvement of diving appara- tus, he engaged in raising sunken ships containing valuable cargoes. Mrs. Ingall has now in her pos- session a small wooden toy horse taken by Captain Taylor from the cabin of the British frigate Hussar, which was sunk in Long Island Sound after striking on the rocks at Hell-gate during the Revolutionary War, and which contained treasure intended to be paid to the troops then stationed in the neighborhood of New York. Captain Taylor was a practical business man as well as an inventor. He took contracts for raising sunken ships and their cargoes, or such parts as were considered valuable, and had amassed a fort- une of $100,000 at the time of his death. His last contract was to raise a large American ship, the Mississippi, sunk in the Straits of Gibraltar. The United States Government paid him $5,000 to make the trip and see what could be done. On making an exploration he agreed to do the work for $25,000. pending the accomplishment of which work he died, in April, 185 1. Among Captain Taylor's inventions might be mentioned a floating bomb-proof battery with means of revolving heavy guns, practically an iron-clad Monitor except that it did not contain mo- 586 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." tive power. Also, a submarine boat for attacking an enemy's ship, very similar to our torpedo-boats. Doubtless, had Captain Taylor lived during the late Civil War, his inventions and his capacity for their practical application would have immediately revo- lutionized the methods of naval warfare then existing. Mrs. Taylor, who resides with Mrs. Ingall, dates her American ancestry back to the days of the Pil- grim Fathers. Her brothers, Louis P., Samuel, and Abijah, and her sister, Tacy Hawkes, are now living on the old farm, one mile square, granted to her an- cestor, Adam Hawkes, by the British Government in 1630, on which he settled on his arrival in New En- gland, ten years after the first arrival of the Mayflower, 258 years ago, and where the family had a reunion in 1880. The fortune left by Captain Taylor was largely lost to his widow and daughter by the execu- tors of the estate, the home in the Willows being purchased by the residue then remaining to them. To say only that this has been successfully managed and increased in value would be paying but a poor tribute to this capable and charming woman. H. MARTIN was born in Clai- ^ACHARIAH ri. ivi/iKiiiN was born m ^ borne County, Tennessee, near the Virginia line, T October 8, 1848. His father, Hugh Patterson Martin, was a native of North Carolina, and his mother, Rhoda (Holt) Martin, was of English descent, her parents having located in Tennessee. John Mar- tin, the father of Hugh P., was an officer in the Con- tinental army during the Revolution. The family always made their home in Tennessee. Hugh P. was a blacksmith, but followed farming the latter part of his life. He settled in Sequachie Valley at an early day, and from there moved to Claiborne County, and subsequently Union County, near by where he built the first house in Maynardville, the county seat. In 1859 he removed to Warren County, where he died, in 1884, at the age of eighty years. He had a family of ten children, seven sons and three daughters, of whom five sons and two daughters are now living. The subject of this sketch lived with his parents until the fall of 1865, attending private schools a part of the time. His last schooling was at the Maynard- ville Academy. He then went to Chattanooga and became a clerk under his brother-in-law. Major J. M. Sawyer. Shortly afterward he took charge of a hotel and store combined, called the Half-way House, on the Georgia and Tennessee line, near Lookout Mountain. He remained there until the fall of 1866, when he went to Rutledge, the oldest town in East Tennessee, and sold goods for his brother-in-law, who was United States Claim Agent and Internal Reve- nue Collector, Mr. Martin doing all the writing for the business, and remaining there about seventeen months. He then returned to Warren County, Ten- nessee, and visited his parents for a few months, and then went to Bedford County and became Deputy Postmaster under his brother, J. D. Martin. His brother also had a general merchandise store. At the end of four years he and two others bought out his brother's business, which they carried on for one year, when he came to California, in 1872. He first went to prospecting for quicksilver in Sonoma County, regarding which there was much excitement at the time. He was there two years. He was married, May 7, 1 876, to Mary E. Dale,daugh- ter of E. Dale. During this time he was engaged with his brother, E. B. Martin, in farming. They had 260 acres in grain and 300 acres of grazing land in San Ma- teo County. In 1876 he came to Santa Clara County and remained about a year, when he returned to San Mateo County, near where he had formerly lived, and began to improve 196 acres belonging to his wife. In 1882 he returned to Santa Clara County, where he has since remained. For two years he worked in or- chards and vineyards, and the rest of the time has engaged in farming. Mr. Martin formerly belonged to the Christian Church, but now belongs to the Cumberland Presbyterian Church of Mountain View. He has three children : Matilda E., Anna S., and Hugh P., now living. He lost two, who died in in- fancy. ^ JLFRED MALPAS, son of Charles T. and Eliz- abeth Malpas, was born in New York city, November 16, 1840. Alfred, the youngest of the family of four sons, was educated in New York. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to learn the trade of printer, and worked in that capac- ity for three years, when he went into the employ of the New York & Harlem Railroads as telegraph op- erator for the road office. Here he remained for two years, when he entered the employ of the Erie Rail- road and was stationed at Otisville, New York, Jersey City, and Paterson, New Jersey, as operator of this road, train dispatcher, and ticket agent, which rela- tions he held till 1861. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 587 When the war broke out he enlisted as a private in Company I, Second New Jersey Volunteer In- antry, and participated in the first battle of Bull Run; was appointed private secretary to General Phil. Kearney in 1861, a short time after the battle, and upon the landing of the army of the Potomac at Yorktown was appointed an aide-de-camp on General Kearney's staff. He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant after the battle of Williamsburg, his com- mission bearing date July 8, 1862. He was first Lieutenant August 12, 1862; was wounded and dis- abled at the second battle of Bull Run and on account of the wound was discharged February 8, 1863. Soon thereafter he resumed his position as ticket agent of the Erie Railroad, and remained in the employ of that company nearly three years. In 1865 he resigned to take a position on the Atlantic & Great Western, and was stationed at Warren, Ohio. In 1868, on ac- count of ill health, he resigned and took a sea voyage to China and Japan, where he remained about a year. He then came to San Francisco and entered the em- ploy of the Central Pacific Railroad as a telegraph operator, and afterward was appointed ticket agent for the Oakland Ferry. He was afterward appointed overland ticket agent for the Central Pacific Railroad at the foot of Market Street, and afterward his office was transferred to the Grand Hotel. He was in the employ of the Central Pacific Railroad between six- teen and seventeen years, and in September, 1884, resigned and came to reside on his fruit ranch near Saratoga, a part of which was purchased in 1880. The place was set out to fruit in 1881, and additions have been made since. He has at present forty acres in fruit-trees, and sixty acres in vines, besides eighty- seven acres of timbered land. He has 1,000 French prunes, 500 Silver prunes, 300 German prunes, 200 Lewis prunes, 250 apples, 300 pears, 100 cherries, 500 peaches, 500 apricots, 25 almond, 25 walnuts, 200 as- sorted plums, a few oranges and lemons, and 60 acres in grapes of different varieties. His house has four- teen rooms exclusive of two bath-rooms, one upstairs and one down, supplied with hot and cold water throughout the house. The water is brought from the mountains in pipes. The water has a natural fall and is carried to a tank which holds 10,000 gallons. He has gas throughout the house, which he manu- factures himself from gasoline. His house is finely furnished, the house and furniture costing $25,000. A fine lawn surrounds the house. Mr. Malpas was married, F"ebruary 14, 1874, to Mary L. Johnson, a native of New York. They have four children, two sons and two daughters. Mr. Malpas is Manager of the Los Gatos arid Saratoga Wine and Fruit Company; is a member of George H. Thomas Post, No. 2, G. A. R., of San Francisco, and a member of the Loyal Legion Commandery of California, and a member of Oriental Masonic Lodge of San Francisco. ^HARLES DOERRof the New York Bakery, at W" No. 174 South First Street, San Jose, has been identified with the business interests of San Jose since i860. He was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, in 1840, and received his education in his native city, attending the schools there until eighteen years of age. In 1858 he left home, since which time he has depended solely upon his own exertions, grad- ually building himself up to a position of independ- ence. He landed in Baltimore, Maryland, December 24, 1858, where he remained two years learning the bakery business. In i860 he came to San Jose and located, and worked at his trade for three years, and then began business for himself in almost the same location where he now carries on his business. He was married in 1870, to Miss Mina Bertlesmann, a native of Germany. They have three children: Henry, now engaged in business with his father; Frederic and Louis, attending the public schools of San Jose. He is a member of the Independent Order of Red Men and of the San Jose Turn-Verein, and is an ex- empt Fireman, having served in the Fire Department for ten years, and also a member of the San Jose Board of Trade. In politics he is a Democrat, but believes in the protection of American interests. Mr. Doerr is a broad-gauge, enterprising man, active in the interests and development of San Jose. He has accumulated considerable real estate in San Jose, the portion situated near where the post-office has recently been located having lately greatly enhanced in value. KeRMAN SUND, son of Herman and Margaret rScp Sund, was born in the northeastern part of Swe- W den, December 14, 1845. His motherdied when he was an infant. Herman, the subject of this sketch, remained at home until fifteen years of age, when he left home and learned the carpenter's trade. When twenty-three years old he went on board of sea vessels as a ship carpenter, and has followed his. trade 588 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." at sea and in the different countries of Europe, the West Indies, and in North and South America. He came to America and traveled all over the United States, when, in 1873, he located in San Fran- cisco, where he worked at his trade. He came, to Los Gatos in 1881, where he has resided since. He is the oldest contractor in Los Gatos, and has built four wineries, one cannery, the Los Gatos gas works, two fruit dryers, and a great many business and dwelling houses, having from four to twelve men in his employ. He is one of the stockholders in the Los Gatos and Saratoga Wine Company, and in the Los Gatos Gas Company. When Los Gatos was incorporated, in 1887, he was elected a Town Trustee, and re-elected April 9, 1888. Mr. Sund has had a lumber-yard in Los Gatos since 1884, and sells from 3,000,000 to 4,- 000,000 feet per year. He also has a ranch of thirty acres in the eastern part of town, twenty acres of which were laid out into town lots last winter, and placed on the market this spring. He was married in 1873 to Josephine Peterson, a native of Leavenworth Kansas. She died in 1882, leaving one son and two daughters. Mr. Sund was again married, in 1884, to Louisa Schrepfer, a native of the Alps, in Switzerland, who came to California in 1880, and by her had three children, — two sons and one daughter, — of whom one son and one daughter are now livinsj. POSEPH DICKENSON, engineer at the Palo Alto trotting ranch, is a native of New York, born ^ in Orleans County, June 24, 1834, his parents being Hosea and Sophronia (Stockwell) Dickenson. He was reared in Niagara County, New York, from the age of four years, and when he was twenty he commenced to learn the trade of engineer. At the age of twenty-two he became second engineer of a propeller plying on the lakes, and was so engaged during the season of navigation for about five years. He then went to Illinois, and soon afterward located with his brother in Bureau County, with whom he remained about four and a half years. In 1859 he crossed the plains to California, coming with a party made up of Illinois and Wisconsin people. Five months later they arrived at Carson Valley. The party split up, and those with whom he remained went to Dogtown Creek, a small mining camp, and wintered there in four feet of snow. That season the Mono diggings were discovered, and there he mined the next summer. About this time the celebrated Esmeralda mine was discovered, and he went there. He engaged in prospecting and mining, but during the most of the four and a, half years that he remained there he was engaged in running the quartz-mill engines. At this camp a good band had been organized, of which he was a member, and when the Reese River mine ex- citement started the entire organization went to the new camp. He was engineer there for four and a half years, but was compelled to leave on account of his health. He came to Santa Clara County in 1868, and operated a threshing-machine each season until he came to the Palo Alto Ranch, and during three sea- sons also conducted a saw-mill. He assumed the duties of his present position on the 28th of Septem- ber, 1882. Mr. Dickenson was married, in 1883, to Miss Flor- ence Smith. They have two children, viz.: Roxie Maud, and an infant, unnamed. Politically Mr. Dick- enson is a stanch Republican. -(§C^-,i 'OBERT DEWAR, foreman of stone-masons and stone-cutters on the construction of the ~X" Leland Stanford, Jr., University buildings, was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, March 3, 1843, and was reared there to the age of eighteen years. He commenced his trade there, but went to Boston, where he completed his apprenticeship, and then went to work as a journeyman. He eventually went into business for himself as a contractor on stone work, cutting and furnishing. Twelve years after his arrival in the city he left Boston for Prince Edward's Island, where he continued his career as a contractor in the same business, remaining three years. From there he went to Manitoba, and thence came to California in 1886. On the tenth of July, 1887, he was chosen for his present position, and in the construction of such a building as the University his great experience and thorough knowledge of the crafts of stone-cutting and stone-masonry stands him in good stead. Some sixty men are employed in his department of the work alone. iARREN DE CROW, dentist, room 12, Phelan Building, corner First and El Dorado Streets, "^^ San Jose, has practiced his profession in San Jose for the past three years. He was born in New- ark, Licking County, Ohio, in 1841, and received his education at Dennison University at Granville, Ohio, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 589 about eight miles from his father's farm, receiving his preliminary as well as classical education in the dif- ferent departments of that school, the leading Baptist educational institution in Ohio. After leaving this College he studied dentistry in Newark, Ohio, and after having become an expert in his profession he removed to Quincy, Illinois, in the winter of 1865-66, and there engaged in the practice of his profession. Remaining there until the summer of 1 882, he came to California and settled in HoUister, where he remained until November, 1884, and then removed to San Jose. He was married in Newark, Ohio, in 1865, to Miss Hattie C. Stone, a native of the same neighborhood, who also received her education at Granville, Ohio. He is President of the California Dental Association, a member of Garden City Lodge and of San Jose Encampment, I. O. O. F., of San Jose, in the latter of which he is a Past Chief Patriarch and a member of Mt. Hamilton Lodge A. O. U.W. His parents were Samuel G. and Sarah E. (Woodworth) De Crow, long residents of Ohio, near Newark, where they owned and lived on a farm they purchased in 1838. The subject of this sketch is a member of the First Pres- byterian Church of San Jose, active in the Sunday- school and Young Men's Christian Association work, and for a year has had charge of the Union Sunday- school teachers' meetings of the Young Men's Chris- tian Association; also has a class of young ladies and gentlemen in the Sunday-school of his churcli. ELLIOTT C. CUMMINGS, the senior partner of the undertaking firm of Cummings & Faulk- ner, came from his birthplace, Oneida County, New York, to California in 1861. The first two years he lived in San Francisco, then went north into the mines," where he spent six years, enduring the hardships, experiencing conflicts with the Indians, and the other excitements and vicissitudes incident to mining life, his efforts being fairly successful in the end. Upon leaving the mines, Mr. Cummings went to Oregon for a year, then settled in Humboldt County, California, in 1869, and was employed nine years in school work, five years as teacher, and four years as County Superintendent of the schools of that county. Failing health compelled him to abandon the vocation of pedagogue; and he next engaged in the furniture and undertaking business, in which he continued until 1886, when he sold out and came to San Jose. He purchased a fine place in the Willow Glen District, half a mile south of the city limit, com- prising seven acres of choice bearing fruit-trees — apricots, French prunes, peaches, and pears. In July, 1887, the partnership with Mr. Faulkner was entered into to engage in the undertaking business; and their present office and warerooms, at 28 South Market Street, were opened. They keep in stock the -best lines of undertaker's goods, and are always ready to attend to the wants of customers at any hour of the day or night. Mr. Cummings was educated for a teacher, and applied himself several years to that profession in New York before coming West. Becoming acquainted with Miss Hill while mining in Boise Basin, their friendship ripened into love, and in 1868 he went to Washington Territory, where she resided, and married her. PAMES CROWLEY, deceased, was born in Kil- brittin Parish, County Cork, in Ireland, in 1831. ^ His father, Michael, died there. His widow was Mary (McCarty) Crowley. They were both natives of the same parish. After her husband's death she , emigrated to and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, where she died. There were seven children in her family, three sons and four daughters, of whom Julia Desmond resides in Boston, Catharine Sullivan in San Francisco, Mrs. Mary James at Elmira, California, Timothy Crowley at Murphy's Ranch, Santa Clara County, and Con. Crowley, who resides at the same place. The other children are James and Johanna. James lived with his parents while in Ireland, and was raised on a farm. In 1849 he came to New York city, where he remained until 1852, when he came to California, by way of Panama. He came at once to Martin Murphy's ranch, where his sister, Mrs. Sulli- van, was living. He lived and made his home with Murphy until 1867, when he went to farming. He rented about 600 acres from Mr. Murphy and lived on it for seven years. During his residence on the Murphy ranch he bought sixty-five acres at Oak Grove. He died October 3, 1873. He was married in 1866, to Margaret Collins. She was born in the Parish of Baleno, County Cork, Ireland, March 17, 1836, and when eighteen years of age came to the United States, and in 1864 to California, after a resi- dence of ten years in New York. After the death of her husband she moved to the farm at Oak Grove, where she lived until 1883, when she sold out and 590 PEN PICTURES FROM THE "GARDEN OF THE WORLD." moved into Mountain View, where she bought prop- erty and has since been dealing in real estate to some extent. She has been very fortunate in her invest- ments, and now owns some of the best business prop- erty in Mountain View. Mr. Crowley was interested in raising stock, and when he married had but one cow; but he kept add- ing to his stock until at the time of his death he possessed forty horses and eighty cows and calves. It was his habit to buy up his neighbors' calves and raise them. He was well liked by his neighbors, and was an honest, hard-working man, and successful in his dealings. Mrs. Crowley is a stockholder in the Mount- ain View Cannery, and in the Olympic Hall of Mountain View. )LACE & MINTO. This well-known firm is one of the leading business houses in Los Gatos. It consists of Elvert E. Place and John Minto, un- dertakers and dealers in furniture, wall-paper, and bedding. The business was first organized Sep- tember IS, 1884, by A. F. Place & Son, who ran it for three years, when A. F. Place retired, his interest being bought by John Minto. This change placed the son, E. E. Place, at the head of the firm. Elvert E. Place was born at Burns, Shiawassee County, Michigan, November 5, 1864. He received his education at Laingsburg, in the same county. His father, A. F. Place, was the owner of large flouring- mills in Shiawassee County, and Elvert, having a natural taste for tools and machinery, entered the employ of his father, and was soon afterward able to take charge of important duties in the millwright de- partment in connection with the mills. In May, 1884, he came to Santa Cruz, California, and in the follow- ing September opened in the furniture business with his father at Los Gatos. He was married, March 10, 1887, to Emma A. Beardslee, a native of Laingsburg, Michigan. S._