MANN 
 
 S 
 
 694 
 
 .D47 
 
 1895 
 
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 3 1924 085 807 307 
 
^ mmmmmmtmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm??!g 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 OF- 
 
 SPRAY PUMPS 
 
 MANUFACTURED 
 BY 
 
 MORRILL & MORLEY. 
 
 'INVENTORS) 
 
 BENTON HARBOR, MICH. 
 U. S. A. 
 
 189s 
 
 PATTERSON, PRINTER AND BINDER 
 BENTON HARBOR, MICH. 
 
 7iimm<4m*4mm*m*mm<wuim,uuummmmumi4m<mm> 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085807307 
 

 t4fr 
 
 1895 
 
 ..flbrtce Xtet; 
 
 Eclipse and Eureka Spray Pumps 
 Eclipse Knapsacks .... 
 
 Universal Nozzle Rig 
 
 Nozzles ....;. Hose 
 
 Self- Agitating Tanks .... Etc. 
 
 MORRILL & MORLEY... 
 
 (INVENTORS) 
 
 BENTON HARBOR, MICH. 
 
 **+++++++++*++*=f¥++*-Mr++'M 
 
 Patterson, a Printer, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 
-Ibow Zo ©rber« 
 
 — IReao CatefuIlB— 
 
 THE OLD PLAN of attaching a few feet of cheap hose to a 
 pump and putting a nozzle on it and calling it an outfit, 
 does not satisfy anybody now ; consequently, we have adopted 
 a plan of listing each article separately, letting each customer 
 select what he needs for his particular kind of work. The 
 experience of pump-makers is that farmers generally wait until 
 they need a pump before ordering ; this has made it impossible 
 for the past two years to supply the demand during the months 
 of March and April. This is not satisfactory to either pur- 
 chaser or seller. Whatever you want, decide and bin early, 
 then when you need it, it is ready. 
 
 8@°1Reper 8eno an ©roet without enclosing payment tor eame.*w& 
 
 We guarantee all our goods and will return the CASH for 
 anything that does not prove just as represented — provided the 
 goods are promptly returned in good order, after allowing a 
 reasonable time for trial. ; 
 
 Send money by Express Order, Bank Exchange, or Postal 
 Order, but please do not send personal checks. 
 
prices on. 
 
 Hbumps 
 
 Eclipse IRnapsacft 
 
 'Solid copper tank, solid brass detachable pump, 
 right and left slip handle, 18-inch extension rod, 
 improved Vermorel nozzle, $12.00. 
 
 gclipge mo. 2 
 
 Barrel or tank pump, solid brass cylinder, plunger, 
 valves and valve seats, steel air chamber, malle- 
 able-iron reversible handle, galvanized iron clinch 
 barrel plate, $10.00. 
 
 £clipee 1flo. 3 ^ 
 
 . ^ 
 
 Barrel or tank pump, solid brass throughout, 
 malleable-iron reversible high or low working 
 handle, galvanized clinch plate. The best, pump 
 on earth ! $20,00 
 
 fiurefea IRo, 4 
 
 ————————— —^ -' ■ 
 
 ^ ■■*;*, 
 
 Cylinders, plunger^ valves and valve seats, solid 
 brass ; air chamber steel, reversible handle, slip 
 plate for tank or barrel 16 to 36 inch deep, $10.00. 
 
 ( giant £urefta^ 
 
 = ^ 
 
 The most powerful pump on the market. Solid 
 brass cylinders, valves, valve seats, air chambers, 
 head and and body, galvanized clinch plate, 
 malleable reversible handle ; will carry 200 lbs. 
 pressure and throw four solid streams or eight 
 sprays. $40.00. 
 
TBnt vergal 1Ro33le IRfg 
 
 For four nozzles; solid brass throughout with 
 five feet best connecting hose and special brass 
 round way pump cock, enabling the man at pump 
 to control discharge, $13.00. 
 Special 7 bbl. self-agitating tank, $14.00. 
 
 Ibose. 
 
 There is as much variation in the quality of hose as there 
 
 is in clothing. We. have therefore listed a? our cheapest grade 
 
 the standard hose used by other pump men, and have added 
 
 two higher grades. 
 
 Standard Guaranteed H6sel_„„ * 15c. per ft. 
 
 Ridgewood, Special High Grade.. .— 20c. per ft. 
 
 Maltese Cross, carbolized for chemicals, steam, or extra high pressure, 
 
 Best Hose made ..... . 25c per ft. 
 
 g^°Order in multiples of five feet and we will put in fittings. 
 
 1R033les. 
 
 We are jobbers in this line of goods, and will furnish 
 nearly all the standard nozzles as cheap or cheaper than you 
 can buy them ^fewhere.Sfe 
 
 Vermorel, the Standard..'!. Mis. 3*S each . SO 
 
 Calla or Lilly, also Excelsior 50c. each_ 
 
 "Mystic," Best Graduating.^ :...-. 50c. each . _, 
 
 McGowen ._ flJ«Heach /• * V 
 
 Extension IRoos. ©™^^— ~*.' -^ 
 
 No man can do pleasant or economical work without an 
 extension rod and shut-off. We find, seamless brass tube the 
 very best that can be used. 
 
 4-foot Extension Rod, with shut-off $ 1.00 
 
 6-foot Extension Rod, with shut-off.. „_. - r ^__ 1.50 
 
 8-foot Extension Rod, with shut-off.. .. .....■_' 2.00 
 
 discounts. 
 
 To the first purchaser at any post-office in the TInited States or Canada, 
 whose order contains full remittance, we will rebate ten per cent, of amount. 
 
 To any club or order of three pumps, fifteen per cent, may be retained. 
 
 For orders of one-half dozen or more pumps, write for prices. 
 
 SPECIAL. — To each one of our customers we will mail the best hand book on 
 spraying ever published. Ready about March 1st. 
 
 No use of long correspondence, our prices are very low for the class of 
 goods we offer and we propose to satisfy all our customers. 
 Yours Respectfully,. 
 
 MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE 
 
 ^•CHTK LOGU E-iS- 
 
 OP THE 
 
 SPRHY PUMPS 
 
 »!»!KNUFHCTURED BY* 
 
 M orrill St 7vtorle V> 
 
 (INVENTORS) 
 
 BENTON HHRBOR, 7VHCH. 
 
 FROM THE PRESS OF 
 
 PATTERSON, PRINTER AND BINDER, 
 
 BENTON HARBOR, MICH. 
 
...ITntrobuctor^ 
 
 e e e 
 
 *HE INVENTORS of the "Eclipse" and "Eureka" Spray Pumps 
 are not shop mechanics working at pump-making on the old 
 lines, but are extensive fruit growers, having nearly three hun- 
 dred acres in market fruits, (a large portion of which require spraying), 
 and commenced spraying their fruit before there was such a thing as a 
 regular spray pump put on the market. From that time until the 
 present we have been learning lessons by hard work at the pump-handle, 
 or nasty, poisonous work at the nozzle end of the job. 
 
 A little more than a year ago, one of our leading Horticultural 
 papers said : "Poor, cheap, hard-working and short-lived pumps have 
 done more to discourage spraying than all other causes combined." 
 
 No single sentence could have explained the spraying situation 
 better. We had tried for years to get hold of a durable and easy-work- 
 ing pump, but after trying nearly all the standard makes and finding 
 some fatal defect in each one of them, we concluded that the manufac- 
 turers could, or would not, realize what was needed for our business. 
 We determined during the winter of" '93 and '94 to see what could be 
 done towards remedying the defects common in the pumps then on the 
 market. With this idea in view, we employed the best hydraulic 
 machinist and expert pattern-maker we could find and commenced 
 our experiments, continuing them at a cost of hundreds of dollars, 
 until we had overcome the last of these defects. We then manufac- 
 tured a few of the pumps, placing one in our State Experiment Station 
 and Sub-station, selling a few to large orchardists and vineyardists who 
 have had long experience in spraying, besides putting them on oitr own 
 fruit farms, giving them the hardest possible tests and giving them 
 absolute neglect as to cleaning, etc. 
 
 How well they have stood these tests, the following pages will 
 explain. Yours Respectfully, 
 
 MORRILL & MORLEY. 
 
Chapter 
 ©n . ... 
 
 Spra^ pumps.... 
 
 From the foregoing introductory it will readily be seen that our efforts 
 have been directed towards remedying certain defects in spray pumps. 
 
 Mbere Gbeip fail. 
 
 Manufacturers all agree that in order to sell any tool to the average 
 farmer, "it must be cheap in price." Next, that very few tools can be 
 sold unless an agent is employed to talk it into you, and last, that the 
 agent must have twenty-five to sixty per cent, for planning your business 
 for you. 
 
 There is no doubt that in a general way the above claims are cor- 
 rect, and it will be readily seen that the only outlet for the manufactur- 
 ers who wish to do much business, is to use the cheapest possible 
 materials and methods of construction, or quit. 
 
 " The strength of a chain is determined by its weakest link,": — so 
 the life of a spray pump is determined by its weakest part. 
 
 The use of leather, rubber, etc., to make joints, valves and plungers 
 tight, works very well on cheap pumps as long as only water comes in 
 contact with them, but when lime, sulphate of copper and ammoniacal 
 compounds come in contact with them they are quickly destroyed, and 
 repairs and expense begins, to say nothing of lost time and vexation 
 of spirit. 
 
 8®= A good Spray Pump is as necessary a part of a farm tool outfit as a plow or harrow. 
 
4 MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 Many of these cheap iron pumps have a packing box through 
 which the piston works. These are man-killers. They must be screwed 
 down tight or they leak under pressure, and oil on the piston does no 
 good, as the lime and copper sulphate are acrid, sticky substances that 
 destroy the oil immediately. 
 
 A pump with a stuffing-box might furnish good training for a 
 prize-fighter, but the average farmer or his hired man are hardly strung 
 up to a point where they can enjoy it. This is a very common fault 
 with Knapsack sprayers, and many of them have been thrown aside in 
 disgust for this single reason. 
 
 A pump that sets on the top of a barrel is objectionable because it 
 is top-heavy and always in the way of low limbs, besides the suction 
 pipe has to be fitted to your barrel. If too long, you have to take it to 
 a shop and cut off; if not long enough, you cannot pump your 
 barrel dry. 
 
 All this class of pumps need priming, which is very inconvenint, 
 and every little delay counts when the weather is just right and you 
 are anxious to get started. 
 
 Any pump that takes the liquid through the plunger must be short 
 lived, as the sediment will surely settle on top at the outer parts, and as 
 our lime mixtures always contain grit, every stroke of your pump rasps 
 away at the interior of the cylinder and plunger. In most of these 
 pumps it would cost nearly as much to replace a cylinder as it would to 
 get a new pump. Some pump makers have learned that it is necessary 
 to have brass working parts, but instead of using solid brass parts bore 
 the cast-iron and put in a thin brass lining. These soon wear out and 
 cannot be replaced except at the shop where made. Some are using a 
 brass cylinder on their more expensive pumps and some are trying por- 
 celain linings in cast-iron cylinder, but the well known tendency of 
 porcelain to flake off of cast-iron is very objectionable. There is no 
 doubt but some makers would be willing to use better material if their 
 customers were willing to pay for it, but brass is expensive, while cast- 
 iron is cheap, and so long as the user demands the cheapest pump, just 
 so long will he get cast-iron with cheap makeshifts for brass, such as 
 thin linings, porcelain, etc., and the maker can comfort himself with 
 the knowledge that all fruit-growers must spray to be successful and the 
 sooner a pump plays out, the sooner a new one must be bought. 
 
 8@rThere is no argument in it— you must spray or quit fruit farming in most localities. 
 
•SPRAYING APPARATUS. 
 
 ECLIPSE KNAPSACK PUMP. 
 
 OUTFIT No. 1. 
 
 Is especially designed for use in places where the larger 
 vTblS pumps cannot be used, especially adapted to vegetable 
 
 ©Uttlt gardens, vineyards or small orchards, washing windows, 
 etc. We claim to make the best Knapsack Sprayer on 
 the market, using the patent features of our Eclipse Pump, which does 
 away with the stuffing-box, that fatal objection to other knapsacks. It 
 is impossible for it to leak or slop on top of the tank. Large air cham- 
 ber, copper tank made of durable plate, pump all brass, brass extension 
 rod, Vermorel nozzle and bur new right and left handle, changing 
 readily when one arm is tired. This feature will be appreciated by any 
 man who has ever used a knapsack. 
 
 This pump is not soldered in like others, but can be removed in a 
 minute without tools if you wish to clean or examine. 
 
 The manner of attaching 'the hose is a decided improvement, as it 
 cannot wrinkle down and shut off the stream when it becomes a little 
 worn, as all hose will do when attached to perpendicular nipple, causing 
 constant annoyance. 
 
MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 agitation of flDaterial. 
 
 This part of our spraying operations is one of the most important, 
 and one that has caused many experiments with a notable lack of 
 good results. 
 
 The first plan of agitation was by a large paddle, or by using a 
 dasher like an old fashioned churn-dasher, and for reliable, efficient 
 results has never been improved upon. The only fault that can be 
 found with it is that careless men often neglect to keep the liquid prop- 
 erly stirred, thereby causing the foliage to be badly scorched. 
 
 The common practice now of pump-makers is to provide for 
 the return of a part of the liquid through a hose or pipe. This works 
 very well if the return stream is large enough and does not get clogged, 
 and you always stir the liquid thoroughly by some other means before 
 you begin pumping. 
 
 This method has the following serious objections : ist — It requires 
 double the pumping. 
 
 2nd — The return almost invariably gets clogged, arrd if you are 
 not on the look-out, the material settles and damage is done. 
 
 3d — While you stop pumping in passing from tree to tree it runs 
 your pressure down and you have to pump up again before you can do 
 any work. 
 
 4th — There can be no agitation until you get up a pressure when 
 you have filled your pump with the sediment. Now, if you commence 
 spraying more damage is done. The best you can possibly do with it, 
 is to make double work and constant risk of damage. One or two days 
 work with it is generally enough and it is discarded. "If you have to 
 do double work, put on two nozzles and get over your orchard in half 
 the time. 
 
 The " Eclipse " Mechanical Agitator does the business. Does it 
 right, arid at the right time ; is in operation with the first motion of 
 the pump-handle ; never fails, and no man can detect the additional 
 work. Don't let any man tell you that agitation is not essential 
 because his pump don't provide for it. 
 
 JJOT'Ten to fifteen acres of Grapes per day can be sprayed with our " Eclipse " and 
 "Universal" Nozzle Rig, and every vine sprayed from bottom and top at the same time. 
 No other outfit can do this. A man and horse do as much as an expensive geared machine. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 
 
 ECLIPSE SPRAYER No. 2. 
 
 ^TsllBIISP 
 
 Is what we call a Combination Pump. The cylinder 
 plunger and valves are solid brass, of the finest possible 
 workmanship. The air chamber is of steel. The han- 
 dle, patent barrel plate, agitator, etc., are of malleable 
 iron, and cost us double the price of ordinary cast-iron, 
 which is commonly used. Is adjustable in volume of 
 liquid. Is designed for i, 2, or 4 lines of hose and for handling our 
 Universal Grape. Cotton and small "fruit attachment described farther 
 on. For full description see other pages. 
 
 Gbe 
 Eclipse 
 IRo. 2 
 
MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 Hir ftbam berg. 
 
 An air chamber is an absolute necessity with a good spray pninp, 
 but there is such a thing as right sizes and wrong sizes, a right place 
 and a wrong place for them. When an air chamber sticks up in the air 
 from two to four feet above the top of the barrel or tank it is in the 
 way of limbs and liable to get caught and tip over or get broken off. 
 When made of cast-iron they are very liable to have sand flaws and the 
 air leaks out ; then you have no air cushion to depend on for steady- 
 discharge. While a good-sized air chamber is desirable, some makers 
 have gone so far as to make their air chamber a storage-tank and claim 
 that it will hold enough to keep up a steady spray thirty to forty 
 minutes. Now stop and think what this means. The liquid must in 
 all cases be taken from the lowest point in an air chamber, and certainly 
 in ten minutes, or possibly five, the mixture has settled to a dangerous 
 extent, and after that time you would be spraying destruction on your 
 tender foliage. A prominent manufacturer of this class of pumps said 
 recently when pressed on this point : " Any fool would know better 
 than to spray very long without pumping in liquid to stir it up." He 
 was right, but what is it there for, if not to use ? They charge you for 
 it ; make a strong point of it in selling, then say : " Any fool would 
 know better than to use it." How is that ? 
 
 Prof. Lodeman, of Cornell, writes that he considers an air chamber 
 that is larger than is necessary to maintain full pressure longer than is 
 commonly used by two or three strokes of the pump-handle, is super- 
 fluous, but most people who have had large experience will prefer one 
 that will hold a good discharge fully one minute. Too small an air 
 chamber is inconvenient, but it has the merit of being safe. While 
 the extra large ones are dangerous affairs, except in the hands of exper- 
 ienced men which we do not find on every farm. 
 
 The " Eclipse " and " Eureka" air chambers are 2^x32 inches, 
 and will maintain a steady spray through the nozzles in common use 
 from T.y 2 to 2% minutes. This nearly every experienced man will 
 pronounce about right, while the form is the best possible to secure 
 greatest tensile, strength, and perfect elasticity with least weight of 
 metal. All our pumps are tested up. to 175 pounds and frequently 200 
 pounds per square inch. 
 
 8^" You can save $25 to $100 per day by intelligent, thorough spraying of orchard crops. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 
 
 ECLIPSE SPRAYER No. 3. 
 
 This pump is identical with our JNo. 2, except that every part of it 
 is solid brass, polished and fitted as neatly as a steam engine. The han- 
 dle and barrel plate are malleable and galvanized. Every well informed 
 fruit grower knows that spraying has come to stay and must be done, if 
 we expect a profit from our business ; this pump is especially designed 
 for the men who want the best tools that it is possible to make. 
 
 We confidently claim that our No. 3 will do more and better work 
 than any other pump in use, and will outwear any five of them. Hot 
 water, brine, acids, chemicals, white-wash, kerosene, or any material that 
 you may want to pump, can be used in this pump without a particle of 
 injury to any part of it. This can not be claimed of any btherpump. 
 This is the pump to buy, it should last a life-time. 
 
io MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 3Few 
 
 TKlor&e 
 
 Hbout Chemicals. 
 
 Every farmer does not know why their pumps play out so soon. 
 If nothing but water was used they would not do so, but since the 
 introduction of copper sulphate and ammoniacal compounds, all iron 
 pumps are short-lived. When copper sulphate is used in connection 
 with lime it is not so destructible as when used alone, but we are learn- 
 ing that the cheapest and most efficient work is done with pure copper 
 sulphate solution early in the spring before buds begin to swell. No 
 doubt this will be the universal method of beginning the annual battle 
 with Fungi within two or three years, and no iron pump can stand 
 that. 
 
 Other mixtures equally hard on metal, leather, rubber, etc., are 
 used to a limited extent, but none of them seem to be equal to copper 
 sulphate for fighting Fungi. 
 
 TMbat to Hvoio in Burins a pump. 
 
 Any pump that stands on top of a barrel ; ' because it is always in 
 the way, and the suction-pipe must be fitted to the barrel. 
 
 Any pump that has any projection that will catch in limbs of 
 trees ; because it is a nuisance. 
 
 Any pump that has leather or rubber valves, washers or plungers ; 
 because everybody who has tried it condemns it after the first season. 
 The chemicals destroy it and cause constant repairs and annoyance, as 
 well as lost time. 
 
 Any pump that has not a good reliable agitator that cannot get 
 out of repair. 
 
 Any pump that has a stuffing-box ; unless you are a Sampson and 
 willing to use it yourself. 
 
 Any pump that is fastened together with iron bolts or set screws. 
 
 Any pump that passes the liquid through the plunger ; because 
 both plunger and cylinder are soon worn out by the grit that is always 
 present. 
 
 Spraying beats the curculio on the plum and cherry every time if you begin early enough. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 
 
 ii 
 
 EUREKA NO 4. 
 
 This is what one of our customers aptly styles " A Giant in a 
 Barrel." It is a double cylinder pump and contains most of the essen- 
 tial features of our Eclipse. It has two pistons, each cylinder being 
 independent, the labor of pumping being divided between the upward 
 and^downward stroke. Many people prefer this, and we have never 
 l*eard anything but praise for this pump from those who have used it. 
 It is so arranged that either stroke can be lightened or dropped entirely 
 to suit the pleasure of the operator. This is a combination pump ; the 
 cylinders, valves and plungers being solid brass ; the air chamber steel, 
 and the balance iron ; it has two discharge ports for two lines of hose. 
 A greater pressure can be applied on this pump than any other on the 
 market — 150 to 200 pounds to the square inch if you want it. 
 
 No agitator is attached to the Eureka No. 4. 
 
i2 MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 Any pump that uses the so-called Hydraulic Storage Air Chamber ; 
 as they are unnecessary, expensive, bulky and in inexperienced hands, 
 dangerous. 
 
 If in the above, we have named a single objection that does not 
 commend itself to any intelligent, experi enced orchardist as of vital 
 importance, we would be pleased to know which it is. 
 
 IRIlbat 
 
 are 
 
 TXbe.... 
 
 Eclipse anb Eureka [pumps 
 
 ano TKHbere are Gbeg Superior? 
 
 This is the first question a practical buyer asks, and one we must 
 be able to answer and prove what we claim by trial. 
 
 First, we use no leather, rubber, or other destructible material in 
 either of them. The valves are of our own patent, made of solid brass 
 on solid brass seats that screw into place and ground to an air-tight 
 face, and are of the type known among steam-fitters as a self-grinding 
 valve and cannot get Out of repair. By removing a plug in the body 
 of pump the whole interior is open for examination. 
 
 The plunger is solid brass, hinged to the piston with broad bearing 
 and in such a manner that no matter what angle the piston may be 
 working, it cannot bind or wear unevenly. 
 
 The stroke is adjustable, so that you can increase the capacity of 
 the pump from twenty-five to forty per cent, in five seconds by simply 
 changing a single pin in the handle. This is a very important device 
 when you want to use from two to four nozzles. 
 
 The pump is inside and on the bottom of the barrel, and is so 
 arranged that no priming is ever needed. If there is ^ of an inch of 
 liquid in the barrel it will always work. \ 
 
 It is so made that it adjusts itself to any depth of barrel or tank 
 from 14 to 36 indhes, and is instantly fastened there as solid as if in a 
 vise by our patent hinged barrel plate. It can be placed and in opera- 
 tion in two minutes after the hole is ready in top of barrel or tank and 
 there is no fitting to do. 
 
 Placed in an ordinary oil barrel the pump only projects above the 
 head sufficient to attach the handle and hose, probably seven to eight 
 
 B&&* Apples at 50 cents per bushel beats $2.00 wheat ; still you give the wheat field 
 the best care and neglect the orchard. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 
 
 T 5 
 
 UNIVERSAL NOZZLE RIGGING, No. 6. 
 
 (FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE 17.) 
 
♦♦testimonials- 
 
 " Kind Words, They Never Die." 
 
 It is very easy to secure any number of testimonials for any pump 
 that will spray, if the work is kept among new beginners, because any 
 man who sprays intelligently and watches the outcome will gladly 
 testify to the goodfresults ; but now the country is full of spray pumps 
 and none but a good one can go into competition and win. 
 
 It will be noticed that we only publish the testimonials of the 
 leading authorities of the country in such matters. 
 
 When a pump can be placed in an experiment station in a great 
 fruit growing State like Michigan, coming into competition with the 
 leading makes, and receive the endorsement of such a man as Professor 
 Taft, "that after a full season's work, he prefers it to any that he knows 
 of," it means that it is the best. 
 
 Hon. T. T. Lyon, Government Agent of the Department of Po- 
 mology, and Director of the South Haven Fruit Testing Station, says 
 after having used one all summer, giving it six weeks constant service 
 at one time : "It is the best we have ever tried," and further says 
 "that his men who do the work will not take any other pump into the 
 orchards now." 
 
 Mr. Lyon is the oldest and best living authority on horticultural 
 matters, and has gained a National reputation for careful and reliable 
 statements. 
 
 8@"It8 hard work to work hard, and a cheap cast-iron pump is an instrument of tor- 
 ture as soon as it begins to corrode inside. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 17 
 
 UNIVERSAL NOZZLE RIG No. 6. 
 
 (SEE ILLUSTRATION ON PAGE 15. 
 
 Growers of grapes, cotton and small fruit have for years felt the 
 need of some cheap, reliable method of holding two or more nozzles in 
 proper position for effective work, without the expense of an extra man 
 to hold the same. 
 
 For some reason the manufacturers of spraying machinery have not 
 "caught on" to our needs in this direction and the few clumsy attempts in 
 that line that we find on some of the geared machines is the only thing 
 offered. So far, these are practically failures, for they are fastened on 
 iron pipes having no joints, and cannot have their positions changed, 
 consequently the conditions of growth, training, etc., must conform to 
 the machine instead of the machine meeting the requirements of differ- 
 ent fruits, methods of training, etc. 
 
 In designing our Universal nozzle rig we have had the benefit of 
 many years of hard, practical experience, and think we understand fully 
 what is needed in that line, and believe any experienced man will 
 readily see that we have accomplished the desired object. 
 
 It is so arranged that it can be hooked onto any cart or- wagon at 
 any needed height, the nozzles fastened to our Universal swing joint,, 
 which can be set at any conceivable angle, and locked in position in- 
 stantly without the use of any tools. All four nozzles can be trained 
 on one row, on two rows, or four rows. A row can be sprayed from 
 both sides at once, or a row of grapes can be sprayed from above and 
 below at the same time, using either two or four nozzles as needed. 
 
 This rig can be used with any pump having good capacity, but is 
 especially designed for use in connection with our " Eclipse No. 3," 
 and when so connected we furnish a special round way cock, by which 
 the pump operator controls the delivery of material. 
 
 This rig is hinged in such a manner that it cannot be injured by 
 running against any obstruction nor will it interfere with the work. 
 
 The machine is of solid brass, equipped with four improved Ver- 
 morel nozzles. Can be folded up in very small space, and can be spread 
 ready for business in ten seconds. Is sure to be in great demand wher- 
 ever small fruit is grown. 
 
iS MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 Next comes Mr. S. D. Willard, of Geneva, N. Y., who is known 
 the length and breadth of the Nation as an honorable and reliable 
 nurseryman, and the most successful orchardist in the State of New 
 York, with the statement that our pump is the best that he has ever 
 tried in every respect. 
 
 These testimonials, coming as they do, from three as good author- 
 ities as there are in America, carry more weight than a whole volume 
 of testimonials from new beginners, who have no opportunity for 
 competitive trials. 
 
 To the above we will add other indorsements from well known 
 sources, that will settle beyond a doubt the fact that our pumps are 
 the very best on the market. 
 
 Gbe Eclipse 5pra\> pump. 
 
 (From Practical Farmer and Fruit Grower, October 6, 1894.) 
 
 Since spraying to destroy insect enemies and fungi diseases has be- 
 come universally practiced and recommended by all up-wi'th-the-times 
 fruit growers, the genius of invention has been busy in constructing 
 pumps for this purpose, and many and varied have been the patented 
 concerns put on the market. But few of these spray pumps are of any 
 practical service. Many are entirely unworthy of notice, especially 
 those cheaply constructed, and which are offered at a cheap price. At 
 first, these cheap pumps may seem to do as good work as the better 
 made and higher priced ones, but the staying qualities are not there, 
 and one season's spraying ends their usefulness and a new pump must 
 be purchased. A cheaply made machine is dear at any price, and this 
 is forcibly true with regard to spray pumps. In this connection we 
 wish to say that, the P. F. & F. G. is not given to indiscriminate puf- 
 fing of manufacturers and their wares, but occasionally we come across 
 an article of such merit that we deem it worthy of special attention. 
 While at the recent West Michigan fair we saw a spray pump contain- 
 ing so many good points that we do not hesitate to endorse it as one 
 of the very best manufactured. This pump is known as the " Eclipse " 
 
 very pump is tested with compressed air and water before leaving the shop. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 19 
 
 and is the invention of the well-known nurserymen, Morrill & Morley, 
 of Benton Harbor, Mich. We examined this pump thoroughly and 
 found it correct in -principle, made of lasting material and of perfect 
 ■w.orkmanship. There is not a particle of leather, rubber, or other 
 destructible material used in its construction. The cylinder and valves 
 are made of solid brass, and therefore cannot be eaten by poisonous 
 solutions. The air chamber is large and long thereby securing great 
 force with but slight muscular exertion. It has a mechanical agitator, 
 which keeps the solution thoroughly agitated. This agitator is made 
 on a different plan from any we have seen; it is entirely frictionless and 
 requires no extra strength to keep it going. The pump can be adjusted 
 to any length and size of barrel. The weight of pump is on the bottom 
 of the barrel, and is not easily tipped over as many other spray pumps 
 with air chambers on top of barrel. This gives but a short and partial 
 description of some of the good points of this pump, which should be 
 seen and used to be appreciated. We think a full description of this 
 pump would interest any fruit grower, and it can be easily obtained by 
 writing to the manufacturers, Morrill & Morley, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 
 The Rural New-Yorker,* - elbert s. carman, Editor-iu-ewef. 
 
 HERBERT W. COLLINGWOOD. Managing Editor. 
 Established in i8jo. JOHN J. DILLON, Business Manager. • 
 
 COR. CHAMBERS AND TEARL STS. 
 
 New York, December 1, 1894. 
 
 Morrill & Morley, 
 
 Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 
 Dear Sirs: — The more I see of your pump the better I like it. I 
 saw Mr. Willard the other day and he insists that it is " the best spray 
 pump on earth." I hardly know what to say about the matter of 
 agents' commission, etc. Farmers ought to buy direct, and I think 
 they can be induced to do so, though the agents would all have us 
 think otherwise. 
 
 In case you decide to make an effort for direct trade we will gladly 
 call attention to the fact and do what we can to make a success of it. 
 
 t Yours Truly, 
 
 H. W. COLLINGWOOD. 
 
2o MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 
 
 HORTICULTURAL^ DEPARTMENT. 
 L. R. Taft, Professor. 
 
 Agricultural College, P. O., November 27, 1894. 
 
 Morrill & Morley, 
 
 Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 1 Gentlemen: — I have given your Eclipse pump careful trial and 
 cannot say too much in its favor. It does better work than any pump 
 I have tried, using the same power upon the handle. Your Eureka 
 throws as good a stream, but as it has two cylinders the power required 
 on the up stroke of the handle makes it harder to work. You have 
 combined more good points in the Eclipse than any pump that I know 
 of possesses. 
 
 I think of especial value the fact that it has a solid plunger and 
 dispenses with leather or rubber valves, and that it has Uo stuffing-box 
 to be continually leaking unless it is repacked is a point in its favor. 
 Your agitator is also preferable to the return stream of water for keeping 
 the materials in suspension. That the pump can be readily fitted to 
 any barrel or tank is a convenience, and that it stands so low in the 
 barrel that there is no danger from its tipping over or catching in over- 
 hanging branches is something in which it stands ahead of other pumps. " 
 
 It seems to be well made, of simple construction, uOt likely to get 
 out of order and yet readily taken apart if repairs become necessary. 
 
 With the increased use of copper sulphate it is Certainly well to 
 have all parts that come in contact with the spraying mixture of brass. 
 I shall be glad to recommend it. L. R._ Taft. 
 
 MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
 
 fruit-testing sub-station. 
 
 L. R. Taft, Horticulturalist. T. T. Lyon, Agent. 
 
 South Haven, Mich., June 5, 1894. 
 Morjull & Morley, 
 
 Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 Dear Sirs :— I have just put the spray pump received froiu you 
 recently into work and tried it upon the apple trees on the station prerm 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. , 21 
 
 ises yesterday and to T day. It does the work admirably — very much 
 more satisfactorily than the one I have been using. I congratulate you 
 upon its success, and doubt not it will have a successful run. 
 
 The only fault, or rather lack, which I find is the need of a ready 
 method of shutting off the discharge in passing from tree to tree. 
 
 Very Truly Yours, 
 
 T. T. IvYON. 
 
 OFFICE OF 
 
 HAMMOND & WILLARD, 
 NURSERYMEN. 
 
 Geneva, N. Y-, November 5, 1894. 
 
 Morrill & Mokley, 
 
 Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 Dear Sirs: — Yours of the 3d at hand. We have been using your 
 pump for the last ten days, more or less, to get our fall spraying out of 
 the way, and can only say : so far it has shown itself to be the best 
 pump we have ever had in every respect. < 
 
 This I think is fully comprehensive to show you that we appre- 
 ciate it. Yours truly, 
 
 Hammond & Willard. 
 
 s. d. w. 
 
 jfrom tbe Xano of Big, IReo apples. 
 
 MISSOURI STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 We, the committee appointed by the Missouri State Horticultural 
 Society, to examine the Eclipse Spray Pump, manufactured by Morrill 
 & Morley, of Benton Harbor, Mich., would respectfully report : 
 
22 ' MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 "That it is the best spray pump, all points considered, that has 
 ever come under our observation." 
 
 A. H. Gilkerson, 
 
 S.W. Gilbert, 
 
 Arthur Patterson, 
 
 N. F. Murray, 
 Dated at Trenton, Mo., Dec. 6, 1894. 
 
 from tbe (Saroen of tbe Morlb. 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Your committee to whom was referred the spraying and other 
 tools on exhibition, would report as follows : 
 
 "We find a spray pump shown by Morrill & Morley, of Benton 
 Harbor, Mich., known as the Eclipse, embodying principles of construc- 
 tion that in our opinion makes it superior to any with which we are 
 acquainted. We also find the machine to be well made." 
 
 Adopted by unaminous vote. 
 
 G. W. McCleur, 
 
 Horticulturalist, State Experiment Station. 
 
 T. E. Goodrich, 
 
 Manager Cobden Experiment Staticfn. 
 
 R. L. Bryant, 
 
 Nurseryman, Princeton, Illinois. 
 
 Committee. 
 Dated at Dixon, 111., December 13, 1894. 
 
 N. B. — The above reports from the Missouri and Illinois State 
 Horticultural Societies, were made after the respective committees had 
 made the most severe and practical tests possible, and, be it said, to the 
 entire satisfaction of the said committeemen. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 23 
 
 Ibose. 
 
 The difference in quality of hose is very great, so much so that we 
 prefer to let a buyer make his own selection of grade and length, so 
 have listed it separately. The practice of putting six or eight feet of 
 hose on a pump and a nozzle on that does not satisfy any man after he 
 has had a little experience. We think for convenience that not less 
 than twenty-five foot lengths should be used, and no line of hose is 
 ready for economical work without a stop-cock and extension rod so the 
 operator can control the spray and pressure at will. 
 
 See list on hose, nozzles, spreaders, Universal outfit, extension rods, 
 
 stop-cocks, strainers, etc., on another page. 
 
 i 
 
 We furnish any nozzle on the market, as cheap or cheaper than it 
 can be bought elsewhere, as a very small profit on them will satisfy us- 
 
 There are three principles in common use in making spray nozzles. 
 One is to give the liquid a circular motion before discharging it 
 through the orifice. This is accomplished in various ways and pro- 
 duces the finest possible spray, and uses less material than any other, 
 but does not reach so far. The best of these nozzles are the Vermorel, 
 Myers and Cyclone — probably in the order named. 
 
 The next and the best for long distance, is the plan of dividing 
 the stream before discharging, then discharge in such a manner that 
 each stream cuts into the other. This produces a good, fine spray and 
 reaches a good distance. The best of this class of nozzles is the 
 McGowen and the Calla. 
 
 There is another very convenient and efficient long distance spray 
 made by discharging a direct stream against a smooth surface held at a 
 slight angle with the nozzle. This is sometimes called the spoon noz- 
 zle, and many people think it the best. 
 
 Stop-cocks are an essential part of any spraying outfit as they pre- 
 vent all waste of material and labor. We manufacture them in two 
 styles, one screws into the pump and is under control of the man at the 
 pump; this is the one to use in connection with our " Universal " cotton, 
 grape and small fruit outfit. The other is smaller, and is placed at the 
 nozzle or extension rod and is controlled by the man at the nozzle. 
 
24 MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 Extension IRob. 
 
 This is made of either brass or iron pipe in four foot sections with 
 stop-cock at lower end. No outfit is complete without one, as with two 
 sections of it you carry the nozzle eight feet higher and can thrust it into 
 tree tops where you could not otherwise reach, at the same time holding 
 the fine spray that is the most effective. If you do not heed eight feet 
 take off one section and use four feet only. 
 
 Men who have been in the habit of using the cheap, leaky, nasty 
 pumps and appliances in such common use can hardly imagine that it 
 is possible to do much more work in the same time, use less material 
 and hardly soil the hands in place of being drenched to the skin, as in 
 the past, but it is a fact, and the expense is very small. 
 
 Spraying. 
 
 The question as to the value of spraying is no longer a debatable 
 one. It is conceded by every intelligent farmer that without it he can 
 neither expect godd fruit or any profit from his orchards. Still, there 
 is a very small amount of good spraying done even in the states where 
 it has been longest practical. There is much yet to learn. Where 
 failure to get good results has occurred it is easily traced tp one of the 
 following four mistakes : 
 
 First — It was not commenced early enough. 
 
 Second-^-Mixtures not properly prepared. 
 
 Third — Work not repeated properly. 
 
 Fourth — Work not thoroughly done. 
 
 To guard against these mistakes we furnish each of our customers 
 with the latest and best information in all the details of the work. This 
 hand-book alone is worth the cost of a pump and outfit to aiiy man who 
 has an orchard. 
 
 On the following pages will be found a spraying calendar, copied 
 from special spraying bulletins issued by Prof. Taft, of the Michigan 
 Agricultural College. It is the neatest and most complete arrangement 
 of spraying information we have ever seen and should be preserved for 
 reference. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 25 
 
 REMEMBER 
 
 If our pumps do not prove to be the best you ever saw, you can return 
 it and your money will be refunded. ^ 
 
 We guarantee everything that we claim. 
 
 DONT YOU FORGET 
 
 That we take no back seat, but guarantee our Eclipse No. 3 to be the 
 best and most durable spray pump ever invented. 
 
 We furnish each buyer with the best hand book published on 
 spraying matters. 
 
 PLEASE BEAR IN MIND 
 
 That there is not a particle of leather, rubber, or other destructible 
 material used in our pumps. Neither do we use any cheap makeshifts 
 like thin brass linings, porcelain, etc. All working parts are SOLID 
 BRASS IN ALL OUR PUMPS, and should last a life-time. 
 
 ANNOYANCES 
 
 When the weather and other conditions are just right and you are try- 
 ing to push things, how provoking it is to have the leather plungers, or 
 valves give out, requiring a trip to the nearest plumbing shop for 
 repairs ; or in case the part is rubber you certainly have to send to the 
 factory for a new part, and your opportunity for effective work is gone. 
 This can. never occur with the Eclipse or Eureka. They do not get 
 out of order, and you do not even have to prime them.. 
 
 IN MAKING AN ORDER 
 
 We make a price on each article needed to make up a spraying outfit. 
 It is the best plan, as you then get just what you want. The plan of 
 putting six or seven feet of hose and a nozzle on a pump and calling it 
 an outfit, does not satisfy those who have had any experience. Longer 
 lines of hose are necessary for convenience ; extension pipes and stop- 
 cocks are economical of material and convenient ; they will pay for 
 themselves in one or two days work. We would consider it a favor if 
 you will order hose in multiples of five feet. 
 
26 
 
 MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 SPR7WINC 
 
 PMJiT. 
 
 Apple 
 
 (Scab, coiling mot i, bud 
 moth, canker worm, tent 
 caterpillar, aphis.) 
 
 Cabbage 
 
 (Worms, aphis.) 
 
 Cherry 
 
 (Rot, aphis, curculio, slug, 
 leaf blight.) 
 
 Currant 
 
 (Mildew, worms.) 
 
 Gooseberry 
 
 (Mildew, worms.) 
 
 Grape 
 
 (Rot, mildews, anthrac- 
 nose.) 
 
 Peach, Apricot 
 
 (Rot, curculio, leaf curl, 
 mildew.) 
 
 1'Ear ._.. 
 
 (Leaf blight, scab, psylla, 
 codling moth.) 
 
 Plum 
 
 ( Curculio, rot, shot-hole 
 fungus.) 
 
 Potato ._, 
 
 (Blight, beetles, scab.) 
 
 Quince 
 
 (Leaf and fruit spots.) 
 
 Raspberry, Blackberry, 
 (Anthracnose, rust.) 
 
 Strawberry _ 
 (Rust.) 
 
 Tomato 
 
 (Rot, blight.) 
 
 first Application. 
 
 Spray before buds start, 
 using copper sulphate solu- 
 tion. For aphis use kero- 
 sene emulsion. 
 
 When worms are first seen, 
 Paris green or kerosene 
 emulsion. 
 
 As flower buds appear, 
 but before they open, Bor- 
 deaux; for aphis use kero- 
 sene emulsion. 
 
 As soon as worms are 
 found on lower and inner 
 leaves, Paris green. 
 
 As leaves open, Bordeaux 
 and Paris green. 
 
 Before buds burst spray 
 with copper or iron sulphate 
 solution. 
 
 Before buds swell, iron or 
 copper sulphate solution and 
 Paris green . 
 
 As buds start, iron or cop- 
 per sulphate solution. 
 
 As buds open Bordeaux 
 and Paris green. 
 
 Soak seed for scab in cor- 
 rosive sublimate \_2 oz. to 16 
 gallons of water], for go 
 minutes. 
 
 When blossom buds ap- 
 pear, but before they open, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 Cut out canes badly dis- 
 eased with anthracnose. Be- 
 fore buds open spray with 
 copper sulphate solution. 
 
 Before growth starts, Bor- 
 deaux. 
 
 If rot or blight appears, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 Second Application. 
 
 After the blossoms have 
 formed, but before they open, 
 Bordeaux* 
 
 If worms re-appear, repeal 
 if plants are not heading. 
 
 When fruit has set use 
 Bordeaux and Paris green* 
 
 If they re-appear, repeal, 
 adding Bordeaux for mil- 
 dew.^ 
 
 In 10-14 days repeal with 
 both. 
 
 When first leaz>es are half 
 grown, Bordeaux and Paris 
 green. 
 
 Before blossoms open, Bor- 
 deaux. 
 
 fust before blossoms open, 
 Bordeaux* 
 
 Within a week after blos- 
 soms have fallen, repeat* 
 
 When beetles or their 
 larva appear, Paris green. 
 
 When ftuit has set, Bor- 
 deaux and Paris green* 
 
 When new canes appear, 
 Bordeaux and arsenites. 
 
 fust before the blossoms 
 open, Bordeaux and Paris 
 green* 
 
 Repeat, if disease contin- 
 ues. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 
 
 27 
 
 CKLENDHR 
 
 Third Application. 
 
 Within a week after 
 blossoms fall, Bor- 
 deaux and Paris green. 
 
 After heads frrm 
 iw e salt 'peter, [a tea- 
 si oonful to gallon of 
 uater.~\ 
 
 10-14 days later if 
 signs of rot appear, 
 repeat. 
 
 If worms still trou- 
 ble, pyrethrum or 
 hellebore, t 
 
 10-14 days later, sul- 
 phide of potassium on 
 English varieties. 
 
 As soon as fruit has 
 set, repeal.* 
 
 Within a week after 
 fruit has set, Bor- 
 deaux and paris green* 
 
 Within a week after 
 blossoms fall, Bor- 
 deaux, and parts green. 
 
 10-12 days later, re- 
 peat. 
 
 Repeat whenever it 
 is necessary. 
 
 10-12 days later, re- 
 peal 
 
 10-14 days later, re- 
 peat.f 
 
 After fruit has set, 
 ammoniacal carbonate 
 of copper.^ 
 
 Repeat if necessary. 
 
 Fourth Application. 
 
 Fifth Application. 
 
 10-14days later, Bor- 
 deaux and paris green. 
 
 Repeat, if woims re- 
 appear. 
 
 10-14 days later, 
 ammoniacal carbonate 
 of copper. 
 
 After fruit is picked, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 10-14 days later, re- 
 peat. 
 
 10-14 days later, re- 
 peat. 
 
 7-12 days later, re- 
 peat. 
 
 8-12 days later, re- 
 peat. 
 
 10 - 20 days later, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 When blight of 
 leaves is accompa 1 < 
 by rot of the tubers, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 10 - 20 days later, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 After crop is gather- 
 ed remove old canes, 
 thin new ones, and 
 spray with Bordeaux 
 if necessary. 
 
 As soon as berries 
 are harvested, Bor- 
 deaux [if to be kept 
 longer.} 
 
 10-14 days later, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 If mildew persists 
 after crop is gathered 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 10-14 days later, if 
 disease is present, 
 apply Bordeaux. 
 
 7-12 days later, re- 
 peat. 
 
 10-16 days later, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 10-20 days later, 
 use eau celeste or 
 ammoniacal carbon- 
 ate of copper. 
 ■ Repeat in ten days 
 if necessary. 
 
 10-20 days later, 
 Bordeaux, if neces- 
 sary. 
 
 (Note — If red rust ap- 
 pears the entire stool af- 
 fected should be grubbed 
 out and burned.) 
 
 (Note— Young planta- 
 tions should receive Bor- 
 deaux at the time of the 
 2d and 4th applications 
 to bearing plants.) 
 
 Sixth Application. 
 
 10-14 days later, 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 If necessary, use 
 eau celeste or am- 
 moniacal copper 
 carbonate, t 
 
 If rot persists use 
 eau celeste or ammo 
 niacal copper car- 
 bonate ev'y 5-7 da. t 
 
 10-16 days later, 
 Bordeaux if neces- 
 sary, t 
 
 10-20 days later, 
 repeat if necessaryf 
 
 (Note — Ii black 
 knots are found on 
 plum or cherry trees 
 they should at'once be 
 cut off and burned.) 
 
....^Formulas.... 
 
 Borbeaui flDixture. 
 
 Copper Sulphate - 4 pounds. 
 
 Fresh Lime (unslaked) 3 pounds. 
 
 Water 32 gallons. 
 
 Place 6 gallons of water in a tub or barrel and hang in it 4 pounds 
 of pulverized copper sulphate, in a burlap or other course sack. Slake 
 the l-'me, adding water only as fast as it takes it up, and pour together. 
 Before using, dilute to 32 gallons. Enough lime should be added to 
 neutralize the free acid, as, if this is not done, it will injure the foliage'. 
 To test this, get five cents worth of ferro-cyanide of potassium (yellow 
 prussiate of potash) at a drug store, and place in a small bottle of water. 
 Add a few drops of this solution to the Bordeaux, before it is diluted, and 
 if it turns it brown, the lime is deficient and more lime should be added 
 until the ferro-cyanide has no effect. When much Bordeaux is used it 
 is an excellent plan to make up a stock solution, which can be diluted 
 as used, proceeding as follows : Dissolve 40 pounds of copper sulphate 
 in 40 gallons of water, and in a box slack 40 or 50 pounds of lime. 
 This can be kept as long as one desires. When needed, measure out 4 
 gallons of the copper sulphate solution and add some of the slacked lime 
 until no change in color can be produced by the test given above. The 
 mixture will then be read)- for use when diluted. The strength- of Bor- 
 deaux can be varied to a considerable degree. The above formula is 
 about as strong as we care to use at any time, and, after the second 
 application, it is our custom to reduce it by using 40, 50 and even 60 
 gallons of water for the four pounds of copper sulphate and three of 
 lime. This can be done, with no apparent loss in the efficacy of the 
 Bordeaux, when the fungi are not particularly troublesome, and when 
 several applications are to be made at frequent intervals. If the lime 
 is fresh and a proper amount is added after it has been carefully slaked, 
 there is no danger of burning the foliage with Bordeaux mixture. It 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 29 
 
 is, moreover, one of the least expensive 6f the fungicides, and if strained 
 through two thicknesses of burlap before being placed in the barrel 
 from which it is pumped, it will not clog the nozzle. It is generally 
 conceded to be the most effectual of all the fungicides, its efficiency 
 being due in part, no doubt, to the fact that the lime sticks it quite 
 securely to the foliage, so that it is not readily washed off. Another 
 desirable feature about this fungicide is that Paris green can be used 
 with it, thus saving one application, and that the lime also neutralizes 
 any free arsenious acid in the Paris green and greatly lessens its caustic 
 effect. For all fungous diseases of plants, such as mildews, rusts, rots 
 and blights, in which either the spores, or the body of the fungus itself, 
 is exposed to its action. 
 
 Bmmoniacal Copper Carbonate. 
 
 Copper Carbonate, - 1 ounce. 
 
 Ammonia, Enough to dissolve the copper. 
 
 Water, - - - 12 gallons. 
 
 Dissolve the copper carbonate in the ammonia and dilute before 
 rising. The undiluted solution can' be kept in glass-stoppered bottles 
 for some time. The strength of ammonia water generally found at drug 
 stores is 20 degrees Baume. This will answer as well as the 22 or 26 
 degrees which are generally recommended, but more of it will be 
 required to dissolve the copper, about one pint being necessary for each 
 ounce of the carbonate. 
 
 HDooifieo j£au Celeste. 
 
 From the fact that copper carbonate as sold on the market is rather 
 costly, it will be better to manufacture it, if much is to be used. For 
 
 this take 
 
 Copper Sulphate, 2 pounds. 
 
 Soda Carbonate (sal-soda) 2^ pounds. 
 
 Dissolve these separately in about two gallons of water, pour 
 together and stir thoroughly. A precipitate of copper carbonate will 
 form and sulphate of soda will remain in solution. The water can be 
 poured off and the precipitate dried and kept indefinitely. From the 
 above quantity of copper sulphate and soda carbonate about one pound 
 of dried carbonate of copper will be obtained. It is often used without 
 drying, however, by adding enough ammonia water to dissolve the 
 copper'' carbonate and diluting to forty gallons. It is then known as 
 modified eau celeste. 
 
30 , MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 lpotassium gulpbioe. 
 
 Potassium Sulphide (liver of sulphur) 3 ounces. 
 Water 10 gallons. 
 
 This solution is valuable to use for gooseberry mildew, as it in no 
 way discolors the fruit and it is quite harmless. 
 
 (Topper Sulpbate Solution. 
 
 Copper Sulphate, 1 pound. 
 
 Water, - ... 25 gallons. 
 
 For use before the buds open, the above solution is easy to prepare 
 and to apply. It should not be applied to any plant after the. leaves 
 burst, as it will burn the foliage. Its action is equal to Bordeaux mix- 
 ture, but it does not seem as lasting. Like Bordeaux mixture, the last 
 four preparations are for the destruction ' of fungous diseases, and they 
 should not be relied upon to destroy insects. 
 
 jparis (Sreen. 
 
 Paris Green, - 1 pound. 
 
 Water, - - - 250 gallons. 
 
 Upon most plants this can be used without injury to the foliage up 
 to July 1. Late in the season, or if the spraying is repeated frequently, 
 one pound of lime should be added to neutralize the free acid. Lime 
 should always be used when Paris green is applied to peaches, and it is 
 safer to use it when plums, cherries, grapes, pears and, in fact, all kinds 
 of plants are sprayed. It is best to combine the Paris green, whenever 
 practicable, with Bordeaux mixture, as all caustic action will be pre- 
 vented, and the effect of neither material will be lessened, but on the 
 contrary increased, while the two applications can be made at once 
 without extra labor. If this combination is made, add one ounce of 
 Paris green to each fifteen gallons of Bordeaux mixture. Paris green 
 is less likely to burn the foliage than London purple and hence is pre- 
 ferable. Either may be applied in a powder form combined with plaster 
 at the rate of one pound to one hundred pdunds of plaster. It is also 
 of some value as a fungicide, but it is used to destroy insects that bite 
 and chew the foliage or fruit. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 31 
 
 Ibellebore. 
 
 Fresh white hellebore, 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, - - 5 gallons. 
 
 Dissolve and apply for insects that chew, particularly the currant, 
 worm and the cabbage worm. 
 
 fl>\>retbrum or Bubacb. 
 
 Pure fresh pyrethrum, 1 ounce. 
 
 Water,' - - - - 5 gallons. 
 
 Apply the same as hellebore. It can also be applied dry. with a 
 bellows, and is efficient against many sucking insects, such as plant lice. 
 
 Ikerosene Emulsion. 
 
 Soft soap, - 1 quart. 
 
 Kerosene, ... x pint. 
 
 Water, - - - , 6 quarts. 
 
 Warm the soap until it becomes liquified, remove from near the fire, 
 add the kerosene and agitate rapidly with a force pump for five to ten 
 minutes, until it becomes a homogeneous creamy mass, from which the 
 kerosene will not separate on standing. Dilute with water so that the 
 kerosene will be one-fifteenth of the entire mixture. If properly pre- 
 pared it can be used with safety upon nearly all plants, except squashes,' 
 melons, cucumbers and others of the squash family. A remedy for all 
 sucking insects, and for others with soft bodies with which it can be 
 brought in contact. A hard soap emulsion can be made by dissolving 
 two ounces of hard soap in boiling water and using it instead of the 
 soft soap. 
 
 Cautions. 
 
 Do not mix the copper preparations in iron or tin* always use 
 wood, brass or earthen vessels. The valves, cylinder, piston^ etc., of the 
 pumps should also be of brass. 
 
 Do not add Paris green to ammonia containing compounds, or 
 sulphate of copper solution ; always use lime or Bordeaux. 
 
 Never spray with arsenites while the trees are in blossom, as the 
 bees will be poisoned ; they are necessary to fertilize the flowers. 
 
32 MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 Never leave any of the poisons where children or animals of any 
 kind can get hold of them. Label them distinctly and put them away 
 carefully as soon as through using them. 
 
 Study carefully the nature of the insect or disease and select the 
 remedy that is most likely to destroy it without danger of injuring 
 the plants. 
 
 Do not spray with arsenites or copper compounds within three 
 weeks of the time the sprayed, portions are to be eaten. "While there 
 would be no danger of fatal effects resulting, it is not best to run any 
 risk. Bordeaux mixture and other lime compounds shauld not be used 
 upon rough or full grown fruits even as late as that time. Not only 
 does the lime disfigure the fruit but the copper is large. 
 
 We do not think any other pump will compress air just as it 
 leaves the shop. 
 
 Did you ever see a pump working air tight without friction ? 
 The Eclipse does. 
 
 SPECIAL OFFER. 
 
 In order to get our pumps introduced we will give a special dis- 
 count on the first outfit ordered from any post office in the United States 
 or Canada where we have no agent or dealer, provided the order is not 
 received during the months of March or April. These are busy months 
 — order early — it is best always. 
 
 A GOOD CASH JOB. 
 
 If you own a team and want a good job that will pay, get a No. 
 5 Eureka and seven-barrel spraying tank and do neighborhood spray- 
 ing. Learn how — then do it honestly, intelligently and thoroughly — 
 then you can hold the job. It will pay better than a threshing outfit,' 
 and does not cost one-twentieth as much. We furnish complete instruc- 
 tions for all the work without charge. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 23 
 
 A WORD TO AGENTS. 
 
 We are willing to give all the discount we can afford to any man 
 who buys in quantity, but we believe it costs nearly double to manu- 
 facture our pumps what it does to make others that sell at same prices, 
 consequently we cannot give same discounts ; still, we believe that more 
 money can be made selling our pumps, as their manifest advantages 
 make them easy sellers. 
 
 DO YOU WANT A DISCOUNT? 
 
 If so, make up a club of three, write us and we will quote you a liberal 
 discount. This can easily be done in any fruit growing neighborhood 
 during the winter months. Try this at a Grange or Horticultural 
 meeting. 
 
 DO YOU KNOW 
 
 That the most frequent cause of disappointment in spraying comes from 
 beginning too late ? For fungi, one spraying in March is worth more 
 than three in May and June. If you wait until you need a rig before 
 buying you will be likely to make a failure of it for that season. 
 Get everything in readiness early. 
 
 IT IS A FACT 
 
 That most of the large buyers of apples now say that they will not, 
 knowingly, buy orchards that have not been thoroughly sprayed. They 
 ,find that apples will not hang on the tree, owing to the work of fungi, 
 also that unsprayed fruit rots almost as soon as it is barreled, while fruit 
 well sprayed is as clean, hangs as well and keeps as well as it ever did. 
 A word to the wise should be sufficient. 1 
 
 SPRAYING LEGISLATION. 
 
 Some States have passed laws compelling people to spray, and 
 others will follow. There is no more reason why we should allow our 
 careless neighbors to breed canker worm, codlin moth or other insects, 
 or fungi, to devastate our orchards than we should allow them to breed 
 yellows or black knot, with the same results. 
 
34 MORRILL & MORLEY, 
 
 WE HAVE 
 
 Expert designers and pattern makers who can and will keep up with the 
 demands of fruit growers. If there is any important idea that has beerl 
 overlooked we would be glad to have our attention called to it. No 
 doubt, the science of spraying economically and pleasantly is in its 
 infancy. 
 
 IF YOU 
 
 Have a small orchard, spray it well in the spring and it will pay your 
 taxes in the fall. If it is a large one it will lift the mortgage or make 
 your family comfortable for the winter. Neglect it and you will regret it. 
 
 DON J T DO IT. 
 
 Don't send us an order to send you goods without enclosing price, 
 unless you are well known to us. We are perfectly responsible and can 
 furnish you all the proof you need, and we propose to return your money 
 when you return any pump that does not do perfect work. This should 
 be a sufficient guarantee for any man. 
 
 REMEMBER 
 
 That we have at last a perfect knapsack pump. You will not have 
 to wear a rubber coat to keep your back dry, as you do with others. 
 
 Other knapsacks have ten to fifteen soldered joints in the pump; 
 we have none. Ours is solid brass, only five joints put together with 
 finest lathe threaded joints. No rubber ball or glass marble valves, but 
 finest brass, self-grinding, air-tight valves. This means reliability and 
 durability. 
 
 DOINPT GET LEFT. 
 
 If you need a spraying pump of any description don't wait until the 
 time of need arrives before ordering. "You may get left." Thousands 
 of farmers got left in this way last spring. It takes four to five weeks 
 to get out a batch of our pumps, and it costs a small fortune to carry a 
 large stock, so don't delay your orders. Send your order immediately. 
 If you cannot spare all the money now, enclose 25 per cent, of the order, 
 naming the date when you will want pump, then send balance at that 
 date and you will find the outfit all ready for you. 
 
SPRAYING APPARATUS. 35 
 
 jfrom tbe Xano of peacbee ano plenty. 
 
 MICHIGAN STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Lowell, Mich., Dec. 27, 1894. 
 
 Your committee would report that they find on exhibition by Mor- 
 rill & Morley, of Benton Harbor, the Eclipse Spray Pump, both 
 complete and in its separate parts. This pnmp embodies principles of 
 construction, aiming at securing greater efficiency and durability, which 
 make it worthy of the most careful examination of anyone who con- 
 templates using such an implement. 
 
 They also show a nozzle outfit which seems to be valuable as a 
 labor-saving device ; and lastly, they show a full line of spraying nozzles. 
 
 We think that the thanks of this Society are due these gentlemen 
 for making such a full and complete exhibit, particularly as we feel 
 certain that often so-called spraying proves valueless through the insuf- 
 ficiency of the apparatus used. 
 
 Will W. Tracy, \ 
 
 Thos. Wilde, > Committee. 
 
 C. J. Monroe, j 
 
 NOTE — The above testimonial was received by us after the others, 
 which appear in this catalogue were in print, and we beg leave to 
 herewith submit it for consideration. 
 
36 
 
 MORRILL & MORLEY. 
 
 WIDE-AWAKE FARMERS 
 
 Prosper through the neglect of their sleepy neighbors. The man who 
 depends on Providence to care for his crops builds upon the sands — 
 while he who depends upon himself, builds upon a rock. 
 
Descriptive Catalogue of the Eclipse 
 Spray Pumps Eureka